title: Signaling in cells and organisms - calcium holds the line.
abstract: Previous research has established calcium (Ca(2+)) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) as important cellular second messengers in eukaryotes. Recently, the occurrence of cell-to-cell moving Ca(2+) and ROS waves was reported in plants. This was paralleled by the discovery of long-distance wound-activated surface potential changes (WASPs) that require the function of putatively Ca(2+)-releasing glutamate receptor-like channels (GLRs) in Arabidopsis. Although the functional interconnection of Ca(2+)-dependent phosphorylation and ROS waves via NADPH oxidase activation has been clearly established, potential further interconnections between these long-distance signaling processes are less clear. In this review we cover emerging concepts and existing open questions that interconnect cellular and global signaling via Ca(2+), ROS and WASPs.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 4, 48149 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Leonie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Steinhorst
authors.affiliation: Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 4, 48149 Münster, Germany. Electronic address: jkudla@uni-muenster.de.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kudla
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015290:Second Messenger Systems / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002118:Calcium