title: Electrophoretic and field-effect graphene for all-electrical DNA array technology.
abstract: Field-effect transistor biomolecular sensors based on low-dimensional nanomaterials boast sensitivity, label-free operation and chip-scale construction. Chemical vapour deposition graphene is especially well suited for multiplexed electronic DNA array applications, since its large two-dimensional morphology readily lends itself to top-down fabrication of transistor arrays. Nonetheless, graphene field-effect transistor DNA sensors have been studied mainly at single-device level. Here we create, from chemical vapour deposition graphene, field-effect transistor arrays with two features representing steps towards multiplexed DNA arrays. First, a robust array yield--seven out of eight transistors--is achieved with a 100-fM sensitivity, on par with optical DNA microarrays and at least 10 times higher than prior chemical vapour deposition graphene transistor DNA sensors. Second, each graphene acts as an electrophoretic electrode for site-specific probe DNA immobilization, and performs subsequent site-specific detection of target DNA as a field-effect transistor. The use of graphene as both electrode and transistor suggests a path towards all-electrical multiplexed graphene DNA arrays.
authors.affiliation: 1] School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [2].
authors.forename: Guangyu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: 1] School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [2].
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abbott
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Kitty Y M
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Hosang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Donhee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ham
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D004566:Electrodes; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014173:Transistors, Electronic
chemical_list: D006108:Graphite