title: Phytochemical profile, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory potentials of Gynura bicolor DC.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The phytochemical composition of aqueous and ethanol extracts from Gynura bicolor DC., a vegetable, was determined. Human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) cells were used to examine the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory potentials of these extracts at 1, 2 or 4% (v/v) against high-glucose-induced injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both aqueous and ethanol extracts contained phenolic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids and anthocyanins in the ranges 1428-1569, 1934-2175, 921-1007 and 2135-2407 mg per 100 g dry weight respectively. Both extracts were rich in quercetin, lutein, malvidin and pelargonidin. Addition of these extracts at test doses decreased reactive oxygen species formation, preserved glutathione content and retained glutathione peroxide and catalase activities in high-glucose-treated HUVE cells (P < 0.05). Treatments with these extracts at 2 and 4% lowered interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and prostaglandin E2 production and reduced cyclooxygenase-2 activity (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that this vegetable could be considered as a functional food and might provide antioxidative and anti-inflammatory protection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Che-yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Wen-hu
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jia-jiuan
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Mei-chin
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D055951:Functional Food / Q000032:analysis; D005978:Glutathione / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D064209:Phytochemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002338:Carotenoids; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D005978:Glutathione; D015232:Dinoprostone
keywords: Gynura bicolor DC; HUVE cell; anthocyanins; antioxidative; lutein