title: Environmental contaminant concentrations in Canada goose (Branta canadensis) muscle: probabilistic risk assessment for human consumers.
abstract: The issue of food insecurity affects millions of people in the United States every year. Often these people rely on soup kitchens, food banks, and shelters for proper meals, and these organizations often depend on donations to meet needs. One of the most limited food resources is meat. To help alleviate this problem, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services donates more than 60 tons of wild game (deer, moose, feral hogs, goats, geese, and ducks) to a variety of charitable organizations each year. Although commercially produced meat routinely undergoes screening for contaminants, potential exposure to environmental contaminants from eating wild game is not well characterized. In this study, the concentration of 17 contaminants of concern in the breast meat of wild geese was examined. These concentrations were then used in a probabilistic model to estimate potential risk associated with consumption of this meat. Based on model predictions, more than 99 % of all adults were below exposure limits for all of the compounds tested. For all consumer age classes modeled, consumption of wild goose meat may expose a small fraction of these populations to levels of lead higher than the recommended exposure limits. Similarly, mercury exposure was predicted to be higher than the recommended limits when the meat was served as steaks. This information about concentrations of contaminants of concern in goose meat and potential exposures associated with meat consumption based on probabilistic models will enable others to make informed decisions about the risks associated with the consumption of wild meat.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA. katherine.e.horak@aphis.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Horak
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Rabies Management Program, Concord, New Hampshire 03301, USA.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chipman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Johnston
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000378:metabolism; D002170:Canada; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D059022:Food Safety; D005777:Geese / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants