title: The Shampoo pH can Affect the Hair: Myth or Reality?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dermatologists most frequently prescribe shampoos for the treatment of hair shed and scalp disorders. Prescription of hair care products is often focused on improving scalp hair density, whereas the over-the-counter products focus on hair damage prevention. Little is taught in medical schools about the hair cosmetics, so that the prescriptions are based only on the treatment of the scalp and usually disregards the hair fiber health.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this work, we review the current literature about the mode of action of a low-pH shampoo regarding the hair shaft's health and analyze the pH of 123 shampoos of international brands.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All shampoo pH values ranged from 3.5 to 9.0. 38.21% of all 123 shampoos presented a pH ≤ 5.5 (IC: 29.9-47%) and 61.78% presented a pH > 5.5. 26 anti-dandruff shampoos were analyzed. About 19.23% presented pH ≤ 5.5.(IC: 7.4-37.6%). 80.77% of all anti-dandruffs shampoos presented a pH > 5.5. The dermatological shampoo group (n = 19) presented 42.10% with pH ≤ 5.5 (IC: 21.8-64.6%), and 57.90% with pH > 5.5. Among the commercial (popular) products (n = 96), 34.37% presented pH ≤ 5.5 (IC: 25.4-44.3%) and 65.62% presented pH > 5.5. 15 professional products (used in hair salons) were analyzed, of which 75% had a pH ≤ 5.5 (IC: 18-65, 4%), and 25% had a pH > 5.5. 100% of the children's shampoos presented a pH > 5.5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alkaline pH may increase the negative electrical charge of the hair fiber surface and, therefore, increase friction between the fibers. This may lead to cuticle damage and fiber breakage. It is a reality and not a myth that lower pH of shampoos may cause less frizzing for generating less negative static electricity on the fiber surface. Interestingly, only 38% of the popular brand shampoos against 75% of the salons shampoos presented a pH ≤ 5.0. Pediatric shampoos had the pH of 7.0 because of the "no-tear" concept. There is no standardized value for the final pH. The authors believe that it is important to reveal the pH value on the shampoo label, but studies are needed to establish the best pH range for both the scalp and the hair fiber's health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Ambulatório Geral de Dermatologia. Instituto de Dermatologia Prof. Rubem David Azulay. Rio de Janeiro Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Fernanda Reis
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Gavazzoni Dias
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Ambulatório Geral de Dermatologia. Instituto de Dermatologia Prof. Rubem David Azulay. Rio de Janeiro Brazil.
authors.forename: Andréia Munck
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Ambulatório Geral de Dermatologia. Instituto de Dermatologia Prof. Rubem David Azulay. Rio de Janeiro Brazil.
authors.forename: Patricia Makino Rezende
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Cecato
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Ambulatório Geral de Dermatologia. Instituto de Dermatologia Prof. Rubem David Azulay. Rio de Janeiro Brazil.
authors.forename: Andre Ricardo
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Adriano
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Ambulatório Geral de Dermatologia. Instituto de Dermatologia Prof. Rubem David Azulay. Rio de Janeiro Brazil.
authors.forename: Janine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pichler
keywords: Hair care; hair fiber; shampoo; shampoo pH