title: A salmon peptide diet alleviates experimental colitis as compared with fish oil.
abstract: Fish oil (FO) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties in animal models of inflammatory bowel disease, but how fish peptides (FP) influence intestinal inflammation has been less studied. Male Wistar rats, divided into five groups, were included in a 4-week dietary intervention study. Of the groups, four were exposed in the fourth week to 5 % dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce colitis, while one group was unexposed. The diets were: (1) control, (2) control + DSS, (3) FO (5 %) + DSS, (4) FP (3·5 %) + DSS, (5) FO + FP + DSS. Following DSS intake, weight and disease activity index (DAI) were assessed, and histological combined score (HCS), selected colonic PG, cytokines, oxidative damage markers and mRNA levels were measured. FP reduced HCS, tended to lower DAI (P = 0·07) and reduced keratinocyte chemoattractant/growth-regulated oncogene levels, as compared with the FO diet. FP also reduced mRNA levels of Il-6 and Cxcl1, although not significantly. FO intake increased the DAI as compared with DSS alone. PGE3 levels increased after the FO diet, and even more following FO + FP intake. The FP diet seems to have a protective effect in DSS-induced colitis as compared with FO. A number of beneficial, but non-significant, changes also occurred after FP v. DSS. A combined FO + FP diet may influence PG synthesis, as PGE3 levels were higher after the combined diet than after FO alone.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine , Stavanger University Hospital , Stavanger , Norway ; Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.
authors.forename: Tore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grimstad
authors.affiliation: Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway.
authors.forename: Bodil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bjørndal
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine , University of Lleida (IRB Lleida) , Lleida , Spain.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cacabelos
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology , Stavanger University Hospital , Stavanger , Norway.
authors.forename: Ole G
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Aasprong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway ; Department of Medicine , Stavanger University Hospital , Stavanger , Norway.
authors.forename: Roald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Omdal
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.
authors.forename: Asbjørn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Svardal
authors.affiliation: Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway.
authors.forename: Pavol
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bohov
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine , University of Lleida (IRB Lleida) , Lleida , Spain.
authors.forename: Reinald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pamplona
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine , University of Lleida (IRB Lleida) , Lleida , Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Portero-Otin
authors.affiliation: Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway ; Department of Heart Diseases , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway.
authors.forename: Rolf K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Berge
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway ; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway.
authors.forename: Trygve
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hausken
keywords: Colitis; DAI, disease activity index; DSS, dextran sulfate sodium; Diet therapy; FO, fish oil; FP, fish peptide; GRO, growth-regulated oncogene; HCS, histological combined score; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; Inflammatory bowel diseases; KC, keratinocyte chemoattractant; UC, ulcerative colitis; n-3 Fatty acids