title: Glucose increases interleukin-12 gene expression and production in stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells of type 2 diabetes patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of type 2 diabetes patients produce more interleukin (IL)-12 under glucose treatment. The aim of this study was to determine whether increased IL-12 response in hyperglycemic LPS-stimulated PBMCs is due to increased gene expression or osmolarity.
  
  
  METHODS
  LPS-stimulated PBMCs of 13 type 2 diabetes patients and 8 healthy controls were used for culture in the presence or absence of glucose or mannitol for 24 h. The IL-12 gene expressions of PBMCs and IL-12 protein levels in supernatants were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 24 h, the stimulated PBMCs of diabetes patients expressed more IL-12 mRNA and produced more IL-12 protein following glucose treatment than those without glucose treatment and with mannitol treatment. Stimulated PBMCs of controls did not express more IL-12 mRNA and produce more IL-12 protein following glucose treatment than those without glucose treatment and with mannitol treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glucose increases the IL-12 production in stimulated PBMCs of diabetes patients through increased IL-12 gene expression.
authors.forename: Chien-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Sheng-Fong
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Chung-Ching
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.forename: Shao-Yun
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Duen-Yau
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Huang-Pin
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D018664:Interleukin-12; D005947:Glucose