title: Preserving immune diversity through ancient inheritance and admixture.
abstract: The progress of genomic technologies is allowing researchers to scan the genomes of different species for the occurrence of natural selection at an unprecedented level of resolution. These studies show that genes involved in immune processes are preferential targets of different forms of selection, some of which act to preserve immune diversity over time. Recent work in humans shows that this can be achieved either by inheriting advantageous immune variation from distant ancestral species, through long-term balancing selection, or by acquiring novel selected alleles through admixture with extinct hominins such as Neanderthals or Denisovans. These studies collectively increase our knowledge of immune genes for which maintaining the functional diversity has conferred a strong selective advantage for host survival.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie, UMR 7206, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris 7 Diderot, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Laure
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ségurel
authors.affiliation: Unit of Human Evolutionary Genetics, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA3012, 75015 Paris, France. Electronic address: quintana@pasteur.fr.
authors.forename: Lluis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Quintana-Murci
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D016678:Genome; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D018448:Models, Immunological; D012641:Selection, Genetic / Q000276:immunology*