title: Sinonasal disorders in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is associated with more respiratory infections due to immunosuppression.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  this study aimed to verify the frequency of rhinosinusitis after HSCT, and the association between rhinosinusitis and chronic graft vs. host disease (GVHD) and type of transplantation, clinical treatment, surgical treatment, and survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  this was a retrospective study in a tertiary university hospital. A total of 95 patients with hematological diseases undergoing HSCT between 1996 and 2011 were selected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  chronic myeloid leukemia was the most prevalent disease. The type of transplant most often performed was the allogenic type (85.26%). The frequency of rhinosinusitis was 36%, with no difference between the autologous and the allogenic types. Chronic GVHD occurred in 30% of patients. Patients with GVHD had a higher frequency and recurrence of rhinosinusitis, in addition to more frequent need for endoscopic sinusectomy and decreased overall survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  there was a higher frequency of rhinosinusitis in HSCT and GVHD. The type of transplant does not appear to predispose to the occurrence of rhinosinusitis. GVHD seems to be an aggravating factor and requires a more stringent treatment.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucas Ricci
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Bento
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: erica.ortiz@terra.com.br.
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ester Maria Danieli
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Nicola
authors.affiliation: Hemocentro, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Afonso C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Vigorito
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eulalia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sakano
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: Condutas terapêuticas; Doença enxerto-hospedeiro; Graft vs. host disease; Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; Sinusite; Sinusitis; Therapeutic conducts; Transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas