title: Does the use of smaller Amplatz sheath size reduce complication rates in percutaneous nephrolithotomy?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of Amplatz sheath size used in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) on postoperative outcomes, bleeding and renal impairment rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively evaluated the records of 91 patients who had undergone PCNL. We divided the patients into 2 groups according to Amplatz sheath size (22 and 30 French [F]) used in the PCNL procedure. Groups were retrospectively compared in terms of pre- and postoperative hemoglobin and renal function, mean nephrostomy time, mean nephrostomy tube diameter, mean operative time, mean hospi­talization time and mean scopy time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean operative time, mean preoperative hemoglobin and serum creatinine values were similar in 2 groups. The mean stone diameter of patients in group 1 (22F) and group 2 (30F) were 38.47 ± 11.51 mm and 37.69 ± 12.33 mm, respectively. Pre- and postoperative hemoglobin (Hb) levels were 14.52 ± 1.5 g/dL and 13.51 ± 1.4 g/dL, respectively in group 1. Pre- and postoperative Hb level were 14.23 ± 1.6 g/dL and 10.73 ± 1.7 g/dL, respectively in group 2. There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of mean scopy time (P = .023), postoperative Hb (P = .027), postoperative creatinine (P = .032), mean nephrostomy duration (P = .019), mean nephrostomy diameter (P = .028) and hospitalization time (P = .034). There was significant difference between the two groups in bleeding requiring blood transfusion (P = .023) and residual stone (P = .035).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The smaller the Amplatz sheath used in PCNL, the lower kidney hemorrhage and renal function impairment happens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Izmir University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.drayhankarakose@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ayhan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karakose
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Izmir University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozgu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Aydogdu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Izmir University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yusuf Ziya
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Atesci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000581:Amidohydrolases / Q000097:blood; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006441:Hemoglobin A / Q000378:metabolism; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000601:surgery*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D061646:Operative Time; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006441:Hemoglobin A; D000581:Amidohydrolases; C019946:creatininase