title: Influence of implant surface topography on bone-regenerative potential and mechanical retention in the human maxilla and mandible.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the short- and mid-term effects of commercial pure (cp) titanium implant surface topography on osseointegration, bone-regenerative potential and mechanical retention in the human maxilla and mandible.
  
  
  METHODS
  32 micro-implants with the same geometry but with four different surface treatments were implanted in the maxilla and mandible of eight patients. Each patient received four micro-implants, one of each type. Percentage of bone-to-implant contact analysis and histological evaluation was carried 3, 6 and 12 weeks after implantation. Furthermore, reverse removal torque tests were conducted 3 and 6 weeks after implantation to analyze functional bone attachment. Implant surfaces tested were: machined, grit-blasted, acid-etched, and grit-blasted with acid-etch. One-way ANOVA was performed using the multiple comparison Fisher's test to determine significance of observed differences among test groups. The level of significance was established at 5% (P < 0.05). Mean and standard deviations of the test groups were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Surface roughness had a significant correlation with the evolution of bone regeneration. The surfaces with roughness Ra approximately 4 microim (grit-blasted and grit-blasted with acid-etch), showed rapid tissue colonization compared to machine and acid-etched surfaces. The results of reverse removal torque tests confirmed a significant correlation between surface roughness and functional bone attachment. Grit-blasted and grit-blasted with acid etched surfaces showed higher retention values compared to machine and acid-etched implants. This finding was supported by higher bone-to-implant contact observed for rougher surfaces (grit-blasted and grit-blasted with acid etching).
authors.forename: Niu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Shi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bin
authors.forename: Zhou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.forename: Sun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yingqiong
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D017268:Dental Prosthesis Retention; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D057893:Immediate Dental Implant Loading; D007576:Jaw, Edentulous, Partially / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008904:Miniaturization; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D019415:Torque
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; D014025:Titanium; D000537:Aluminum Oxide; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid