title: An efficient method in breaking of dormancy from Bunium persicum (Boiss) Fedtsch seeds: a valuable herb of Middle East and Central Asia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a protocol for breaking of seed dormancy and increasing the seed germination rate of Bunium persicum.
  
  
  METHODS
  The seeds were treated with 3.1, 6.3, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 µmol/L of benzyl aminopurine, gibberellic acid (GA3), thidiazuron (TDZ) and forchlorfenuron. Then, seeds were transferred to two different temperature conditions including room temperature (25 °C) and chilling temperature (2-5 °C).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The treatment of moist seeds with chilling temperature (2-5 °C) broke seed dormancy and showed maximum germination, which was 54.7% after 60 d treatment. Also, the treatment of dry seeds with chilling temperature broke seed dormancy with 9.3% germination rate after 120 d. Treatment of seeds with different level of plant growth regulators showed that under moist-room condition, there was evidence of higher and lower seed germination rate: GA3 (100 µmol/L) with 46.7% and TDZ (50 µmol/L) with 6.67% respectively. In addition, the results showed that under moist-chilling condition, TDZ (6.3 µmol/L) with 53.3% seed germination rate had higher influence on breaking seed dormancy. Treatment of seeds with combination of TDZ and GA3 under moist-chilling condition revealed higher rate of breaking of seed dormancy when 6.3 µmol/L TDZ was combined with 100 µmol/L GA3, showing 93.7% germination rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effect of plant growth regulators coupled with chilling temperature on breaking of seed dormancy could provide a large number of seedlings while the long juvenile time which is the next restricting factor of plantation still remained. Thus, the subsequent growth of seedlings to provide a large number of corms is necessary for successful plantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Resources, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, 7617913935, Kerman, Iran ; Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43300, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Yousef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Emamipoor
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43300, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mahmood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maziah
keywords: Benzyl aminopurine; Bunium persicum; Chilling temperature; Forchlorfenuron; Gibberellic acid 3; Seed germination; Thidiazuron