title: Polymerase Chain Reaction/Rapid Methods Are Gaining a Foothold in Developing Countries.
abstract: Detection of microbial contamination in pharmaceutical raw materials and finished products is a critical factor to guarantee their safety, stability, and potency. Rapid microbiological methods-such as polymerase chain reaction-have been widely applied to clinical and food quality control analysis. However, polymerase chain reaction applications to pharmaceutical quality control have been rather slow and sporadic. Successful implementation of these methods in pharmaceutical companies in developing countries requires important considerations to provide sensitive and robust assays that will comply with good manufacturing practices.
  In recent years several publications have encouraged the application of molecular techniques in the microbiological assessment of pharmaceuticals. One of these techniques is polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The successful application of PCR in the pharmaceutical industry in developing countries is governed by considerable factors and requirements. These factors include the setting up of a PCR laboratory and the choice of appropriate equipment and reagents. In addition, the presence of well-trained analysts and establishment of quality control and quality assurance programs are important requirements. The pharmaceutical firms should take into account these factors to allow better chances for regulatory acceptance and wide application of this technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, The Nile Company for Pharmaceuticals and Chemical Industries, Cairo, Egypt; and Biology and Horticulture Department, Bergen Community College, Paramus, NJ, USA drsuzanragheb@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Suzan Mohammed
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ragheb
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, The Nile Company for Pharmaceuticals and Chemical Industries, Cairo, Egypt; and Biology and Horticulture Department, Bergen Community College, Paramus, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jimenez
keywords: Microbial Contamination; Pharmaceuticals; Polymerase chain reaction; Rapid microbiological methods; Technology transfer; Validation