title: In vitro effects of various xenobiotics on Fusarium spp. strains isolated from cereals.
abstract: This study aimed to determine the susceptibility of Fusarium spp. strains isolated from cereals to selected heavy metals, fungicides and silver nanoparticles. The experiments were conducted using 50 Fusarium strains belonging to five species: F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. oxysporum, F. sporotrichioides and F. avenaceum. The strains were found to be highly resistant to Pb(2+) and Zn(2+). Medium resistance to Cu(2+) and Mn(2+) and low resistance to Cd(2+) and Fe(3+) was also observed. Among the tested fungicides, formulations containing azoxystrobin, prochloraz and tebuconazole proved to be the most effective in inhibiting the growth of fungi, as they affected fungal growth in each of the applied doses. Susceptibility of Fusarium spp. to nanosilver, demonstrated in this study, shows the legitimacy of using nanostructures as fungicidal agents. The results confirm high diversity of the analyzed fungal species in terms of susceptibility to the tested substances, and encourage to continue research on the resistance of Fusarium spp. to various fungicidal agents.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology , University of Agriculture , Kraków , Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Wolny-Koładka
mesh_terms: D002523:Edible Grain / Q000382:microbiology*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000633:toxicity*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000633:toxicity*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012834:Silver / Q000633:toxicity*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012834:Silver
keywords: Fusarium spp.; fungicides; heavy metals; silver nanoparticles