title: Heavy metal removal in groundwater originating from acid mine drainage using dead Bacillus drentensis sp. immobilized in polysulfone polymer.
abstract: Batch, column, and pilot scale feasibility experiments for a bio-sorption process using a bio-carrier (beads) with dead Bacillus drentensis sp. in polysulfone polymer were performed to remove heavy metals in groundwater originating from an acid mine drainage (AMD). For batch experiments, various amounts of bio-carrier each containing a different amount of dead biomass were added in artificial solution, of which the initial heavy metal concentration and pH were about 10 mg/L and 3, respectively. The heavy metal removal efficiencies of the bio-carrier under various conditions were calculated and more than 92% of initial Pb and Cu were found to have been removed from the solution when using 2 g of bio-carriers containing 5% biomass. For a continuous experiment with a column packed with bio-carriers (1 m in length and 0.02 m in diameter), more than 98% of Pb removal efficiency was maintained for 36 pore volumes and 1.553 g of Pb per g of bio-carrier was removed. For the pilot scale feasibility test, a total of 80 tons of groundwater (lower than pH of 4) were successfully treated for 40 working days and the removal efficiencies of Cu, Cd, Zn, and Fe were maintained above 93%, demonstrating that one kg of bio-carrier can clean up at least 1098 L of groundwater in the field.
authors.affiliation: Korea Basic Science Institute, Division of Earth and Environmental Science, 804-1 Yangcheongri, Ochangeup, Cheongwongun, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Insu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Environmental Sciences, Pukyong National University, 599-1 Daeyondong, Namgu, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: heelee@pknu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Minhee
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy and Resource Engineering, Pukyong National University, 599-1 Daeyondong, Namgu, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sookyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001407:Bacillus; D018533:Biomass; D060587:Groundwater / Q000737:chemistry; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D008906:Mining; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D013450:Sulfones / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D011108:Polymers; D013450:Sulfones; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C017662:polysulfone P 1700
keywords: AMD; Bacillus sp.; Bio-carrier; Groundwater remediation; Heavy metals; Polysulfone