title: Biomechanical sex differences of crewmembers during a simulated space capsule landing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to observe the differences in the biodynamic responses of male and female crewmembers during a simulated Soyuz spacecraft (short-duration flights) impact landing.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 16 volunteers (8 men and 8 women) recruited to sit in a pseudo-supine position and be exposed to several impact acceleration pulses. The acceleration peaks ranged from 7.7 to 11.8 g with a duration of around 50 ms. Acceleration responses from the drop platform and seat, and at the volunteers' head, shoulder, chest, and ilium were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicated that there were significant gender-based differences in the peak acceleration measured from volunteers' shoulders and iliums. The peak decelerations measured at the head and ilium were relatively higher than those measured at other levels on the seat.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was recommended that more attention be focused on the sex differences of biodynamic responses of crews in the study of new protective designs for space capsule and personal life support equipment.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application and the Laboratory of Advanced Materials Behavior Characteristics, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Honglei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yanhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Bingkun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: King H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Albert I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: King
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007085:Ilium; D008297:Male; D012449:Safety; D012737:Sex Factors; D012782:Shoulder; D013026:Space Flight; D016683:Supine Position