title: Genetic basis and selection for life-history trait plasticity on alternative host plants for the cereal aphid Sitobion avenae.
abstract: Sitobion avenae (F.) can survive on various plants in the Poaceae, which may select for highly plastic genotypes. But phenotypic plasticity was often thought to be non-genetic, and of little evolutionary significance historically, and many problems related to adaptive plasticity, its genetic basis and natural selection for plasticity have not been well documented. To address these questions, clones of S. avenae were collected from three plants, and their phenotypic plasticity under alternative environments was evaluated. Our results demonstrated that nearly all tested life-history traits showed significant plastic changes for certain S. avenae clones with the total developmental time of nymphs and fecundity tending to have relatively higher plasticity for most clones. Overall, the level of plasticity for S. avenae clones' life-history traits was unexpectedly low. The factor 'clone' alone explained 27.7-62.3% of the total variance for trait plasticities. The heritability of plasticity was shown to be significant in nearly all the cases. Many significant genetic correlations were found between trait plasticities with a majority of them being positive. Therefore, it is evident that life-history trait plasticity involved was genetically based. There was a high degree of variation in selection coefficients for life-history trait plasticity of different S. avenae clones. Phenotypic plasticity for barley clones, but not for oat or wheat clones, was frequently found to be under significant selection. The directional selection of alternative environments appeared to act to decrease the plasticity of S. avenae clones in most cases. G-matrix comparisons showed significant differences between S. avenae clones, as well as quite a few negative covariances (i.e., trade-offs) between trait plasticities. Genetic basis and evolutionary significance of life-history trait plasticity were discussed.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas (Northwest A&F University), Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China; College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Xinjia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas (Northwest A&F University), Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China; College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Suxia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas (Northwest A&F University), Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China; College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Deguang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001042:Aphids / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development*; D018554:Avena / Q000469:parasitology; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000469:parasitology*; D056084:Genetic Fitness; D014644:Genetic Variation; D001467:Hordeum / Q000469:parasitology; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions / Q000235:genetics*; D040582:Inheritance Patterns / Q000235:genetics; D008018:Life Cycle Stages / Q000235:genetics*; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D014908:Triticum / Q000469:parasitology