title: Duplicate and conquer: multiple homologs of PHOSPHORUS-STARVATION TOLERANCE1 enhance phosphorus acquisition and sorghum performance on low-phosphorus soils.
abstract: Low soil phosphorus (P) availability is a major constraint for crop production in tropical regions. The rice (Oryza sativa) protein kinase, PHOSPHORUS-STARVATION TOLERANCE1 (OsPSTOL1), was previously shown to enhance P acquisition and grain yield in rice under P deficiency. We investigated the role of homologs of OsPSTOL1 in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) performance under low P. Association mapping was undertaken in two sorghum association panels phenotyped for P uptake, root system morphology and architecture in hydroponics and grain yield and biomass accumulation under low-P conditions, in Brazil and/or in Mali. Root length and root surface area were positively correlated with grain yield under low P in the soil, emphasizing the importance of P acquisition efficiency in sorghum adaptation to low-P availability. SbPSTOL1 alleles reducing root diameter were associated with enhanced P uptake under low P in hydroponics, whereas Sb03g006765 and Sb03g0031680 alleles increasing root surface area also increased grain yield in a low-P soil. SbPSTOL1 genes colocalized with quantitative trait loci for traits underlying root morphology and dry weight accumulation under low P via linkage mapping. Consistent allelic effects for enhanced sorghum performance under low P between association panels, including enhanced grain yield under low P in the soil in Brazil, point toward a relatively stable role for Sb03g006765 across genetic backgrounds and environmental conditions. This study indicates that multiple SbPSTOL1 genes have a more general role in the root system, not only enhancing root morphology traits but also changing root system architecture, which leads to grain yield gain under low-P availability in the soil.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil (B.H., C.T.G., G.C.A., J.V.M.);Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, 35701-970, Brazil (B.H., S.M.d.S., L.A., C.T.G., G.C.A., B.N., M.M.P., B.A.B., J.H.V., R.E.S., J.V.M.);International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, BP 320 Bamako, Mali (W.L., E.W., H.F.W.R.);Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science, and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany (W.L.);Departamento de Bioengenharia, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Praça Sao Joao del-Rei, Minas Gerais, 36301-160, Brazil (B.N.);Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850 (B.G.L., J.E.S., R.T.C., L.V.K.);University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil (A.F.); andDepartamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13400-970, Brazil (R.G., A.A.F.G.).
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hufnagel
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil (B.H., C.T.G., G.C.A., J.V.M.);Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, 35701-970, Brazil (B.H., S.M.d.S., L.A., C.T.G., G.C.A., B.N., M.M.P., B.A.B., J.H.V., R.E.S., J.V.M.);International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, BP 320 Bamako, Mali (W.L., E.W., H.F.W.R.);Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science, and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany (W.L.);Departamento de Bioengenharia, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Praça Sao Joao del-Rei, Minas Gerais, 36301-160, Brazil (B.N.);Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850 (B.G.L., J.E.S., R.T.C., L.V.K.);University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil (A.F.); andDepartamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13400-970, Brazil (R.G., A.A.F.G.).
authors.forename: Sylvia M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: de Sousa
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil (B.H., C.T.G., G.C.A., J.V.M.);Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, 35701-970, Brazil (B.H., S.M.d.S., L.A., C.T.G., G.C.A., B.N., M.M.P., B.A.B., J.H.V., R.E.S., J.V.M.);International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, BP 320 Bamako, Mali (W.L., E.W., H.F.W.R.);Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science, and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany (W.L.);Departamento de Bioengenharia, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Praça Sao Joao del-Rei, Minas Gerais, 36301-160, Brazil (B.N.);Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850 (B.G.L., J.E.S., R.T.C., L.V.K.);University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil (A.F.); andDepartamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13400-970, Brazil (R.G., A.A.F.G.).
authors.forename: Lidianne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Assis
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil (B.H., C.T.G., G.C.A., J.V.M.);Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, 35701-970, Brazil (B.H., S.M.d.S., L.A., C.T.G., G.C.A., B.N., M.M.P., B.A.B., J.H.V., R.E.S., J.V.M.);International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, BP 320 Bamako, Mali (W.L., E.W., H.F.W.R.);Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science, and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany (W.L.);Departamento de Bioengenharia, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Praça Sao Joao del-Rei, Minas Gerais, 36301-160, Brazil (B.N.);Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850 (B.G.L., J.E.S., R.T.C., L.V.K.);University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil (A.F.); andDepartamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13400-970, Brazil (R.G., A.A.F.G.).
authors.forename: Claudia T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Guimaraes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil (B.H., C.T.G., G.C.A., J.V.M.);Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, 35701-970, Brazil (B.H., S.M.d.S., L.A., C.T.G., G.C.A., B.N., M.M.P., B.A.B., J.H.V., R.E.S., J.V.M.);International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, BP 320 Bamako, Mali (W.L., E.W., H.F.W.R.);Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science, and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany (W.L.);Departamento de Bioengenharia, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Praça Sao Joao del-Rei, Minas Gerais, 36301-160, Brazil (B.N.);Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850 (B.G.L., J.E.S., R.T.C., L.V.K.);University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil (A.F.); andDepartamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13400-970, Brazil (R.G., A.A.F.G.).
authors.forename: Willmar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Leiser
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil (B.H., C.T.G., G.C.A., J.V.M.);Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, 35701-970, Brazil (B.H., S.M.d.S., L.A., C.T.G., G.C.A., B.N., M.M.P., B.A.B., J.H.V., R.E.S., J.V.M.);International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, BP 320 Bamako, Mali (W.L., E.W., H.F.W.R.);Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science, and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany (W.L.);Departamento de Bioengenharia, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Praça Sao Joao del-Rei, Minas Gerais, 36301-160, Brazil (B.N.);Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850 (B.G.L., J.E.S., R.T.C., L.V.K.);University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil (A.F.); andDepartamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13400-970, Brazil (R.G., A.A.F.G.).
authors.forename: Gabriel C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil (B.H., C.T.G., G.C.A., J.V.M.);Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, 35701-970, Brazil (B.H., S.M.d.S., L.A., C.T.G., G.C.A., B.N., M.M.P., B.A.B., J.H.V., R.E.S., J.V.M.);International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, BP 320 Bamako, Mali (W.L., E.W., H.F.W.R.);Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science, and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany (W.L.);Departamento de Bioengenharia, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Praça Sao Joao del-Rei, Minas Gerais, 36301-160, Brazil (B.N.);Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850 (B.G.L., J.E.S., R.T.C., L.V.K.);University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil (A.F.); andDepartamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13400-970, Brazil (R.G., A.A.F.G.).
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Negri
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil (B.H., C.T.G., G.C.A., J.V.M.);Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, 35701-970, Brazil (B.H., S.M.d.S., L.A., C.T.G., G.C.A., B.N., M.M.P., B.A.B., J.H.V., R.E.S., J.V.M.);International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, BP 320 Bamako, Mali (W.L., E.W., H.F.W.R.);Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science, and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany (W.L.);Departamento de Bioengenharia, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Praça Sao Joao del-Rei, Minas Gerais, 36301-160, Brazil (B.N.);Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850 (B.G.L., J.E.S., R.T.C., L.V.K.);University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil (A.F.); andDepartamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13400-970, Brazil (R.G., A.A.F.G.).
authors.forename: Brandon G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil (B.H., C.T.G., G.C.A., J.V.M.);Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, 35701-970, Brazil (B.H., S.M.d.S., L.A., C.T.G., G.C.A., B.N., M.M.P., B.A.B., J.H.V., R.E.S., J.V.M.);International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, BP 320 Bamako, Mali (W.L., E.W., H.F.W.R.);Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science, and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany (W.L.);Departamento de Bioengenharia, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Praça Sao Joao del-Rei, Minas Gerais, 36301-160, Brazil (B.N.);Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850 (B.G.L., J.E.S., R.T.C., L.V.K.);University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil (A.F.); andDepartamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13400-970, Brazil (R.G., A.A.F.G.).
authors.forename: Jon E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Shaff
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil (B.H., C.T.G., G.C.A., J.V.M.);Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, 35701-970, Brazil (B.H., S.M.d.S., L.A., C.T.G., G.C.A., B.N., M.M.P., B.A.B., J.H.V., R.E.S., J.V.M.);International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, BP 320 Bamako, Mali (W.L., E.W., H.F.W.R.);Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science, and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany (W.L.);Departamento de Bioengenharia, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Praça Sao Joao del-Rei, Minas Gerais, 36301-160, Brazil (B.N.);Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850 (B.G.L., J.E.S., R.T.C., L.V.K.);University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil (A.F.); andDepartamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13400-970, Brazil (R.G., A.A.F.G.).
authors.forename: Maria Marta
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Pastina
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil (B.H., C.T.G., G.C.A., J.V.M.);Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, 35701-970, Brazil (B.H., S.M.d.S., L.A., C.T.G., G.C.A., B.N., M.M.P., B.A.B., J.H.V., R.E.S., J.V.M.);International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, BP 320 Bamako, Mali (W.L., E.W., H.F.W.R.);Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science, and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany (W.L.);Departamento de Bioengenharia, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Praça Sao Joao del-Rei, Minas Gerais, 36301-160, Brazil (B.N.);Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850 (B.G.L., J.E.S., R.T.C., L.V.K.);University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil (A.F.); andDepartamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13400-970, Brazil (R.G., A.A.F.G.).
authors.forename: Beatriz A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil (B.H., C.T.G., G.C.A., J.V.M.);Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, 35701-970, Brazil (B.H., S.M.d.S., L.A., C.T.G., G.C.A., B.N., M.M.P., B.A.B., J.H.V., R.E.S., J.V.M.);International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, BP 320 Bamako, Mali (W.L., E.W., H.F.W.R.);Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science, and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany (W.L.);Departamento de Bioengenharia, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Praça Sao Joao del-Rei, Minas Gerais, 36301-160, Brazil (B.N.);Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850 (B.G.L., J.E.S., R.T.C., L.V.K.);University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil (A.F.); andDepartamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13400-970, Brazil (R.G., A.A.F.G.).
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Weltzien
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil (B.H., C.T.G., G.C.A., J.V.M.);Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, 35701-970, Brazil (B.H., S.M.d.S., L.A., C.T.G., G.C.A., B.N., M.M.P., B.A.B., J.H.V., R.E.S., J.V.M.);International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, BP 320 Bamako, Mali (W.L., E.W., H.F.W.R.);Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science, and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany (W.L.);Departamento de Bioengenharia, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Praça Sao Joao del-Rei, Minas Gerais, 36301-160, Brazil (B.N.);Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850 (B.G.L., J.E.S., R.T.C., L.V.K.);University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil (A.F.); andDepartamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13400-970, Brazil (R.G., A.A.F.G.).
authors.forename: Henry Frederick W
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Rattunde
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil (B.H., C.T.G., G.C.A., J.V.M.);Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, 35701-970, Brazil (B.H., S.M.d.S., L.A., C.T.G., G.C.A., B.N., M.M.P., B.A.B., J.H.V., R.E.S., J.V.M.);International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, BP 320 Bamako, Mali (W.L., E.W., H.F.W.R.);Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science, and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany (W.L.);Departamento de Bioengenharia, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Praça Sao Joao del-Rei, Minas Gerais, 36301-160, Brazil (B.N.);Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850 (B.G.L., J.E.S., R.T.C., L.V.K.);University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil (A.F.); andDepartamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13400-970, Brazil (R.G., A.A.F.G.).
authors.forename: Joao H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Viana
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil (B.H., C.T.G., G.C.A., J.V.M.);Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, 35701-970, Brazil (B.H., S.M.d.S., L.A., C.T.G., G.C.A., B.N., M.M.P., B.A.B., J.H.V., R.E.S., J.V.M.);International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, BP 320 Bamako, Mali (W.L., E.W., H.F.W.R.);Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science, and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany (W.L.);Departamento de Bioengenharia, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Praça Sao Joao del-Rei, Minas Gerais, 36301-160, Brazil (B.N.);Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850 (B.G.L., J.E.S., R.T.C., L.V.K.);University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil (A.F.); andDepartamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13400-970, Brazil (R.G., A.A.F.G.).
authors.forename: Randy T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil (B.H., C.T.G., G.C.A., J.V.M.);Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, 35701-970, Brazil (B.H., S.M.d.S., L.A., C.T.G., G.C.A., B.N., M.M.P., B.A.B., J.H.V., R.E.S., J.V.M.);International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, BP 320 Bamako, Mali (W.L., E.W., H.F.W.R.);Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science, and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany (W.L.);Departamento de Bioengenharia, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Praça Sao Joao del-Rei, Minas Gerais, 36301-160, Brazil (B.N.);Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850 (B.G.L., J.E.S., R.T.C., L.V.K.);University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil (A.F.); andDepartamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13400-970, Brazil (R.G., A.A.F.G.).
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Falcão
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil (B.H., C.T.G., G.C.A., J.V.M.);Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, 35701-970, Brazil (B.H., S.M.d.S., L.A., C.T.G., G.C.A., B.N., M.M.P., B.A.B., J.H.V., R.E.S., J.V.M.);International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, BP 320 Bamako, Mali (W.L., E.W., H.F.W.R.);Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science, and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany (W.L.);Departamento de Bioengenharia, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Praça Sao Joao del-Rei, Minas Gerais, 36301-160, Brazil (B.N.);Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850 (B.G.L., J.E.S., R.T.C., L.V.K.);University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil (A.F.); andDepartamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13400-970, Brazil (R.G., A.A.F.G.).
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gazaffi
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil (B.H., C.T.G., G.C.A., J.V.M.);Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, 35701-970, Brazil (B.H., S.M.d.S., L.A., C.T.G., G.C.A., B.N., M.M.P., B.A.B., J.H.V., R.E.S., J.V.M.);International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, BP 320 Bamako, Mali (W.L., E.W., H.F.W.R.);Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science, and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany (W.L.);Departamento de Bioengenharia, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Praça Sao Joao del-Rei, Minas Gerais, 36301-160, Brazil (B.N.);Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850 (B.G.L., J.E.S., R.T.C., L.V.K.);University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil (A.F.); andDepartamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13400-970, Brazil (R.G., A.A.F.G.).
authors.forename: Antonio Augusto F
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil (B.H., C.T.G., G.C.A., J.V.M.);Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, 35701-970, Brazil (B.H., S.M.d.S., L.A., C.T.G., G.C.A., B.N., M.M.P., B.A.B., J.H.V., R.E.S., J.V.M.);International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, BP 320 Bamako, Mali (W.L., E.W., H.F.W.R.);Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science, and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany (W.L.);Departamento de Bioengenharia, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Praça Sao Joao del-Rei, Minas Gerais, 36301-160, Brazil (B.N.);Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850 (B.G.L., J.E.S., R.T.C., L.V.K.);University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil (A.F.); andDepartamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13400-970, Brazil (R.G., A.A.F.G.).
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Schaffert
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil (B.H., C.T.G., G.C.A., J.V.M.);Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, 35701-970, Brazil (B.H., S.M.d.S., L.A., C.T.G., G.C.A., B.N., M.M.P., B.A.B., J.H.V., R.E.S., J.V.M.);International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, BP 320 Bamako, Mali (W.L., E.W., H.F.W.R.);Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science, and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany (W.L.);Departamento de Bioengenharia, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Praça Sao Joao del-Rei, Minas Gerais, 36301-160, Brazil (B.N.);Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850 (B.G.L., J.E.S., R.T.C., L.V.K.);University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil (A.F.); andDepartamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13400-970, Brazil (R.G., A.A.F.G.).
authors.forename: Leon V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Kochian
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil (B.H., C.T.G., G.C.A., J.V.M.);Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, 35701-970, Brazil (B.H., S.M.d.S., L.A., C.T.G., G.C.A., B.N., M.M.P., B.A.B., J.H.V., R.E.S., J.V.M.);International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, BP 320 Bamako, Mali (W.L., E.W., H.F.W.R.);Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science, and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany (W.L.);Departamento de Bioengenharia, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Praça Sao Joao del-Rei, Minas Gerais, 36301-160, Brazil (B.N.);Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850 (B.G.L., J.E.S., R.T.C., L.V.K.);University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil (A.F.); andDepartamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13400-970, Brazil (R.G., A.A.F.G.) jurandir.magalhaes@embrapa.br.
authors.forename: Jurandir V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Magalhaes
mesh_terms: D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D012275:Oryza / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D045868:Sorghum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D012987:Soil; D010758:Phosphorus