title: Nanocarrier mediated delivery of siRNA/miRNA in combination with chemotherapeutic agents for cancer therapy: current progress and advances.
abstract: Chemotherapeutic agents have certain limitations when it comes to treating cancer, the most important being severe side effects along with multidrug resistance developed against them. Tumor cells exhibit drug resistance due to activation of various cellular level processes viz. activation of drug efflux pumps, anti-apoptotic defense mechanisms, etc. Currently, RNA interference (RNAi) based therapeutic approaches are under vibrant scrutinization to seek cancer cure. Especially small interfering RNA (siRNA) and micro RNA (miRNA), are able to knock down the carcinogenic genes by targeting the mRNA expression, which underlies the uniqueness of this therapeutic approach. Recent research focus in the regime of cancer therapy involves the engagement of targeted delivery of siRNA/miRNA in combinations with other therapeutic agents (such as gene, DNA or chemotherapeutic drug) for targeting permeability glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistant protein 1 (MRP-1), B-cell lymphoma (BCL-2) and other targets that are mainly responsible for resistance in cancer therapy. RNAi-chemotherapeutic drug combinations have also been found to be effective against different molecular targets as well and can increase the sensitization of cancer cells to therapy several folds. However, due to stability issues associated with siRNA/miRNA suitable protective carrier is needed and nanotechnology based approaches have been widely explored to overcome these drawbacks. Furthermore, it has been univocally advocated that the co-delivery of siRNA/miRNA with other chemodrugs significantly enhances their capability to overcome cancer resistance compared to naked counterparts. The objective of this article is to review recent nanocarrier based approaches adopted for the delivery of siRNA/miRNA combinations with other anticancer agents (siRNA/miRNA/pDNA/chemodrugs) to treat cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Science, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, USA.
authors.forename: Nishant S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Gandhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Science, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, USA; Preclinical Nuclear Imaging Laboratory, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390 USA.
authors.forename: Rakesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Tekade
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Science, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, USA; Natural Products and Experimental Therapeutics Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA. Electronic address: mahavir@hawaii.edu.
authors.forename: Mahavir B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Chougule
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004337:Drug Carriers; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053758:Nanoparticles; D036103:Nanotechnology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D035683:MicroRNAs; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering
keywords: Cancer; Clinical trial; Combination therapy; Nanotechnology; miRNA; siRNA