title: The association of peptic ulcer and schizophrenia: a population-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association of schizophrenia with peptic ulcer is not conclusive. In the last 30years, there has been little evaluation of peptic ulcer among schizophrenia patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  To explore the relation of peptic ulcer and schizophrenia during this new phase, we used the data from Taiwan insurance claims, identified 1496 schizophrenia patients (ICD-9-CM: 295) and selected 5984 non-schizophrenia controls that were frequency-matched by sex, age, and index year with schizophrenia patients during the years 1998-2001. All subjects were free of peptic ulcer at baseline. We measured incidences of peptic ulcer (ICD-9-CM: 531-534) until the end of 2009.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of peptic ulcer was 1.27 times higher in schizophrenia patients than in the control group (12.1vs. 9.52 per 1000 person-years). Patients are at higher risk taking anti-depression, anxiolytic and hypnotics or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. After controlling the confounding factors, schizophrenia patients had no significant increase incidence of peptic ulcer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Schizophrenia patients have a slightly higher risk of peptic ulcer compared to the general population. This might be due to a higher rate of taking anti-depression, anxiolytic and hypnotics or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and alcoholism among this group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Hui
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, and Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chen-Shu
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Ni
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Hsin
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Muo
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsien-Yuan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. Electronic address: fcsung@mail.cmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Fung-Chang
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. Electronic address: d10040@mail.cmuh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Chia-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012107:Research Design; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
keywords: Peptic ulcer; Retrospective cohort study; Schizophrenia