title: Insomnia and sleep misperception.
abstract: Sleep misperception is often observed in insomnia individuals (INS). The extent of misperception varies between different types of INS. The following paper comprised sections which will be aimed at studying the sleep EEG and compares it to subjective reports of sleep in individuals suffering from either psychophysiological insomnia or paradoxical insomnia and good sleeper controls. The EEG can be studied without any intervention (thus using the raw data) via either PSG or fine quantitative EEG analyses (power spectral analysis [PSA]), identifying EEG patterns as in the case of cyclic alternating patterns (CAPs) or by decorticating the EEG while scoring the different transient or phasic events (K-Complexes or sleep spindles). One can also act on the on-going EEG by delivering stimuli so to study their impact on cortical measures as in the case of event-related potential studies (ERPs). From the paucity of studies available using these different techniques, a general conclusion can be reached: sleep misperception is not an easy phenomenon to quantify and its clinical value is not well recognized. Still, while none of the techniques or EEG measures defined in the paper is available and/or recommended to diagnose insomnia, ERPs might be the most indicated technique to study hyperarousal and sleep quality in different types of INS. More research shall also be dedicated to EEG patterns and transient phasic events as these EEG scoring techniques can offer a unique insight of sleep misperception.
authors.affiliation: École de psychologie, université Laval, pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, bureau 1012, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, G1V 0A6 Québec, Canada; Laboratoire de neurosciences comportementales humaines, centre de recherche, institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, 2601, chemin de la Canardière, G1J 2G3 Québec, Québec, Canada. Electronic address: celyne.bastien@psy.ulaval.ca.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Bastien
authors.affiliation: École de psychologie, université Laval, pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, bureau 1012, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, G1V 0A6 Québec, Canada; Laboratoire de neurosciences comportementales humaines, centre de recherche, institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, 2601, chemin de la Canardière, G1J 2G3 Québec, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ceklic
authors.affiliation: École de psychologie, université Laval, pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, bureau 1012, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, G1V 0A6 Québec, Canada; Laboratoire de neurosciences comportementales humaines, centre de recherche, institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, 2601, chemin de la Canardière, G1J 2G3 Québec, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: St-Hilaire
authors.affiliation: École de psychologie, université Laval, pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, bureau 1012, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, G1V 0A6 Québec, Canada; École de service social, université Sherbrooke, 2500, boulevard de l'Université, J1K 2R1 Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Desmarais
authors.affiliation: École de psychologie, université Laval, pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, bureau 1012, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, G1V 0A6 Québec, Canada; Laboratoire de neurosciences comportementales humaines, centre de recherche, institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, 2601, chemin de la Canardière, G1J 2G3 Québec, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Pérusse
authors.affiliation: École de psychologie, université Laval, pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, bureau 1012, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, G1V 0A6 Québec, Canada; Laboratoire de neurosciences comportementales humaines, centre de recherche, institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, 2601, chemin de la Canardière, G1J 2G3 Québec, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lefrançois
authors.affiliation: École de psychologie, université Laval, pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, bureau 1012, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, G1V 0A6 Québec, Canada; Laboratoire de neurosciences comportementales humaines, centre de recherche, institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, 2601, chemin de la Canardière, G1J 2G3 Québec, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pedneault-Drolet
mesh_terms: D058256:Brain Waves / Q000502:physiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008499:Medical Records; D010465:Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D017286:Polysomnography; D011602:Psychophysiologic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D012890:Sleep; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology
keywords: CAP; Complexe-K; EEG; ERP; Fuseau; Insomnie paradoxale; Insomnie psychophysiologique; K-Complex; Misperception; Mésestimation; PSA; Paradoxical insomnia; Psychophysiological insomnia; Sleep; Sommeil; Spindle