title: Influence of congenital facial nerve palsy on craniofacial growth in craniofacial microsomia.
abstract: Facial muscles are of major importance in human craniofacial growth and development. The purpose of our study was to investigate whether congenital facial nerve palsy influences craniofacial growth in craniofacial microsomia. Fifty-one patients with unilateral craniofacial microsomia and no history of craniofacial skeletal surgery whose radiographs were taken after craniofacial growth was complete were included in this study. These patients were divided into groups in which the facial nerve was involved or uninvolved. The authors evaluated a total of seven measurement items to analyze the midface and mandibular asymmetry. Twenty patients had facial nerve involvement, and 31 had no involvement. None of the measurement items revealed any significant differences between the facial nerve-involved group and the uninvolved group within the same modified Pruzansky grade. There was no correlation between the type of facial nerve involvement and the measurement items. In relationships among the measurement items within each group, maxillary asymmetry was indirectly correlated with mandibular asymmetry or midline deviation through the occlusal plane angle in the uninvolved groups. However, in the facial nerve-involved group, the relationships disappeared. When the correlations in the facial nerve-involved group were compared with those of the uninvolved group, the relationships in the uninvolved group appeared more significant than in the facial nerve-involved group. The loss of relationships between the upper and lower jaw in the facial nerve-involved group might have been caused by subtle changes, which occur in midfacial bones and in the mandible due to facial nerve palsy. The main limitation of our study is that aside from facial nerve palsy, craniofacial microsomia has many factors that can influence craniofacial growth, such as hypoplasia of the mandibular condyle and soft tissue deficiencies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jaehoon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemic Intelligence Service, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Geun-Yong
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji An
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hur
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Hak
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Chan
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: psthchoi@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Tae Hyun
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sukwha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000151:congenital* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006053:Goldenhar Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008445:Maxillofacial Development / Q000502:physiology*; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Congenital facial nerve palsy; Craniofacial growth; Craniofacial microsomia; Facial asymmetry