title: Effect of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) administration on the residual virus pool in a model of combination antiretroviral therapy-mediated suppression in SIVmac239-infected indian rhesus macaques.
abstract: Nonhuman primate models are needed for evaluations of proposed strategies targeting residual virus that persists in HIV-1-infected individuals receiving suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). However, relevant nonhuman primate (NHP) models of cART-mediated suppression have proven challenging to develop. We used a novel three-class, six-drug cART regimen to achieve durable 4.0- to 5.5-log reductions in plasma viremia levels and declines in cell-associated viral RNA and DNA in blood and tissues of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239-infected Indian-origin rhesus macaques, then evaluated the impact of treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA; Vorinostat) on the residual virus pool. Ex vivo SAHA treatment of CD4(+) T cells obtained from cART-suppressed animals increased histone acetylation and viral RNA levels in culture supernatants. cART-suppressed animals each received 84 total doses of oral SAHA. We observed SAHA dose-dependent increases in acetylated histones with evidence for sustained modulation as well as refractoriness following prolonged administration. In vivo virologic activity was demonstrated based on the ratio of viral RNA to viral DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, a presumptive measure of viral transcription, which significantly increased in SAHA-treated animals. However, residual virus was readily detected at the end of treatment, suggesting that SAHA alone may be insufficient for viral eradication in the setting of suppressive cART. The effects observed were similar to emerging data for repeat-dose SAHA treatment of HIV-infected individuals on cART, demonstrating the feasibility, utility, and relevance of NHP models of cART-mediated suppression for in vivo assessments of AIDS virus functional cure/eradication approaches.
authors.affiliation: AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory Q
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Del Prete
authors.affiliation: AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shoemaker
authors.affiliation: AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Kelli
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oswald
authors.affiliation: AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Abigail
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lara
authors.affiliation: AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Charles M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Trubey
authors.affiliation: AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Randy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fast
authors.affiliation: AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kiser
authors.affiliation: AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Vicky
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Coalter
authors.affiliation: AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wiles
authors.affiliation: AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Rodney
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wiles
authors.affiliation: AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Brandi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Freemire
authors.affiliation: AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Brandon F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Keele
authors.affiliation: AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Jacob D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Estes
authors.affiliation: Statistical Consulting, Data Management Services, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Octavio A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Quiñones
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smedley
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Rhonda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Macallister
authors.affiliation: Merck Research Labs, West Point, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Rosa I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.affiliation: Merck Research Labs, West Point, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wai
authors.affiliation: Merck Research Labs, Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Statistical Consulting, Data Management Services, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: W Gregory
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Alvord
authors.affiliation: Merck Research Labs, West Point, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Daria J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hazuda
authors.affiliation: AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piatak
authors.affiliation: AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA lifsonj@mail.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lifson
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000187:drug effects*; D019562:Viral Load / Q000187:drug effects; D000077337:Vorinostat
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006657:Histones; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D012367:RNA, Viral; D000077337:Vorinostat