title: Molecular detection of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 polymorphism in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association of the functional monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) promoter polymorphism (A-2518G) with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients with post-hepatitis C liver cirrhosis and ascites were categorized into two groups; group I included 25 patients with SBP and group II included 25 patients free from SBP. In addition, a group of 20 healthy volunteers were included. We assessed the MCP-1 gene polymorphism and gene expression as well as interleukin (IL)-10 levels in both blood and ascitic fluid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant MCP-1 gene polymorphism was detected in groups I and II (P = 0.001 and 0.02 respectively). Group I was associated with a significantly higher frequency of AG genotype [control 8 (40%) vs SBP 19 (76.0%), P < 0.001], and group II was associated with a significantly higher frequency of GG genotype when compared to healthy volunteers [control 1 (5%) vs cirrhotic 16 (64%), P < 0.001]. Accordingly, the frequency of G allele was significantly higher in both groups (I and II) [control 10 (25%) vs SBP 27 (54%), P < 0.001 and vs cirrhotic 37 (74.0%), P < 0.001, respectively]. The total blood and ascetic fluid levels of IL-10 and MCP-1 gene expression were significantly higher in group I than in group II. Group I showed significant reductions in the levels of MCP-1 gene expression and IL-10 in the whole blood and ascetic fluid after therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MCP-1 GG genotype and G allele may predispose HCV infected patients to a more progressive disease course, while AG genotype may increase the susceptibility to SBP. Patients carrying these genotypes should be under supervision to prevent or restrict further complications.
authors.affiliation: Maysa Kamal Salama, Dina Sabry, Fatma Mohamed Taha, Miriam Safwat Wadie, Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo11562, Egypt.
authors.forename: Maysa Kamal
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Salama
authors.affiliation: Maysa Kamal Salama, Dina Sabry, Fatma Mohamed Taha, Miriam Safwat Wadie, Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo11562, Egypt.
authors.forename: Dina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sabry
authors.affiliation: Maysa Kamal Salama, Dina Sabry, Fatma Mohamed Taha, Miriam Safwat Wadie, Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo11562, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed A S
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Al-Ghussein
authors.affiliation: Maysa Kamal Salama, Dina Sabry, Fatma Mohamed Taha, Miriam Safwat Wadie, Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo11562, Egypt.
authors.forename: Rasha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Maysa Kamal Salama, Dina Sabry, Fatma Mohamed Taha, Miriam Safwat Wadie, Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo11562, Egypt.
authors.forename: Sayed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: AbdAllah
authors.affiliation: Maysa Kamal Salama, Dina Sabry, Fatma Mohamed Taha, Miriam Safwat Wadie, Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo11562, Egypt.
authors.forename: Fatma Mohamed
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Taha
authors.affiliation: Maysa Kamal Salama, Dina Sabry, Fatma Mohamed Taha, Miriam Safwat Wadie, Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo11562, Egypt.
authors.forename: Wael
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fathy
authors.affiliation: Maysa Kamal Salama, Dina Sabry, Fatma Mohamed Taha, Miriam Safwat Wadie, Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo11562, Egypt.
authors.forename: Miriam Safwat
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Wadie
authors.affiliation: Maysa Kamal Salama, Dina Sabry, Fatma Mohamed Taha, Miriam Safwat Wadie, Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo11562, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nabih
authors.affiliation: Maysa Kamal Salama, Dina Sabry, Fatma Mohamed Taha, Miriam Safwat Wadie, Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo11562, Egypt.
authors.forename: Amr
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abul-Fotouh
authors.affiliation: Maysa Kamal Salama, Dina Sabry, Fatma Mohamed Taha, Miriam Safwat Wadie, Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo11562, Egypt.
authors.forename: Tarneem
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Darwish
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001201:Ascites / Q000276:immunology; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; C508609:IL10 protein, human; D016753:Interleukin-10
keywords: Ascites; Gene expression; Genotype; Interleukin-10; Liver cirrhosis; Monocyte chemotactic protein-1; Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis