title: Comparison of a compatible and an incompatible pepper-tobamovirus interaction by biochemical and non-invasive techniques: chlorophyll a fluorescence, isothermal calorimetry and FT-Raman spectroscopy.
abstract: Leaves of a pepper cultivar harboring the L(3) resistance gene were inoculated with Obuda pepper virus (ObPV), which led to the appearance of hypersensitive necrotic lesions approx. 72 h post-inoculation (hpi) (incompatible interaction), or with Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) that caused no visible symptoms on the inoculated leaves (compatible interaction). ObPV inoculation of leaves resulted in ion leakage already 18 hpi, up-regulation of a pepper carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) gene from 24 hpi, heat emission and declining chlorophyll a content from 48 hpi, and partial desiccation from 72 hpi. After the appearance of necrotic lesions a strong inhibition of photochemical energy conversion was observed, which led to photochemically inactive leaf areas 96 hpi. However, leaf tissues adjacent to these inactive areas showed elevated ΦPSII and Fv/Fm values proving the advantage of chlorophyll a imaging technique. PMMoV inoculation also led to a significant rise of ion leakage and heat emission, to the up-regulation of the pepper CCD gene as well as to decreased PSII efficiency, but these responses were much weaker than in the case of ObPV inoculation. Chlorophyll b and total carotenoid contents as measured by spectrophotometric methods were not significantly influenced by any virus inoculations when these pigment contents were calculated on leaf surface basis. On the other hand, near-infrared FT-Raman spectroscopy showed an increase of carotenoid content in ObPV-inoculated leaves suggesting that the two techniques detect different sets of compounds.
authors.affiliation: The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 21 Niezapominajek, PL-30239 Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rys
authors.affiliation: Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Csilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Juhász
authors.affiliation: The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 21 Niezapominajek, PL-30239 Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Surówka
authors.affiliation: The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 21 Niezapominajek, PL-30239 Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Janeczko
authors.affiliation: The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 21 Niezapominajek, PL-30239 Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Saja
authors.affiliation: Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: István
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tóbiás
authors.affiliation: The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 21 Niezapominajek, PL-30239 Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skoczowski
authors.affiliation: Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Balázs
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barna
authors.affiliation: Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: gullner.gabor@agrar.mta.hu.
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gullner
mesh_terms: D002212:Capsicum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000077194:Chlorophyll A; D049308:Dioxygenases / Q000378:metabolism; D005453:Fluorescence; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D017898:Tobamovirus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D002734:Chlorophyll; C037184:chlorophyll b; D049308:Dioxygenases; D000077194:Chlorophyll A
keywords: Capsicum annuum; Chlorophyll a fluorescence imaging; Obuda pepper virus; PSII efficiency; Pepper mild mottle virus; Raman spectroscopy; Specific thermal energy