title: Not so sweet: autoimmune diabetes mellitus on triple therapy for chronic hepatitis C infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Triple therapy with pegylated interferon, ribavirin and a protease inhibitor has proven efficacy in hepatitis C infection and is currently the standard of care. Interferon-based therapies have been, rarely, associated with the development of Type 1 diabetes mellitus, but few cases have yet been reported in triple therapy for hepatitis C.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe a case of autoimmune Type 1 diabetes developing in a 23-year-old woman after initiation of triple therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus infection. The patient had the IL-28B gene polymorphism rs12979860 CT genotype, which is associated not only with antiviral therapy response but also with diabetes risk after liver transplantation for hepatitis C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further studies are required to determine which individual characteristics may identify patients who are at risk of developing Type 1 diabetes when treated with interferon-based regimens for hepatitis C infection.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes and Metabolism Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst NSW 2010, Sydney Australia.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Blanchard
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Vickers
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Samaras
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007372:Interferons; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011392:Proline / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055815:Young Adult; D000095022:Interferon Lambda
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D007372:Interferons; D007378:Interleukins; D009842:Oligopeptides; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011392:Proline; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D012254:Ribavirin; C000624353:interferon-lambda, human; D000095022:Interferon Lambda; C571406:PEG-IFN-SA; C486464:telaprevir; C512204:N-(3-amino-1-(cyclobutylmethyl)-2,3-dioxopropyl)-3-(2-((((1,1-dimethylethyl)amino)carbonyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutyl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexan-2-carboxamide