title: Proteomics analysis of antimalarial targets of Garcinia mangostana Linn.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate possible protein targets for antimalarial activity of Garcinia mangostana Linn. (G. mangostana) (pericarp) in 3D7 Plasmodium falciparum clone using 2-dimensional electrophoresis and liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry (LC/MS/MS).
  
  
  METHODS
  3D7 Plasmodium falciparum was exposed to the crude ethanolic extract of G. mangostana Linn. (pericarp) at the concentrations of 12µg/mL (IC50 level: concentration that inhibits parasite growth by 50%) and 30 µg/mL (IC90 level: concentration that inhibits parasite growth by 90%) for 12 h. Parasite proteins were separated by 2-dimensional electrophoresis and identified by LC/MS/MS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the IC50 concentration, about 82% of the expressed parasite proteins were matched with the control (non-exposed), while at the IC90 concentration, only 15% matched proteins were found. The selected protein spots from parasite exposed to the plant extract at the concentration of 12 µg/mL were identified as enzymes that play role in glycolysis pathway, i.e., phosphoglycerate mutase putative, L-lactate dehydrogenase/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase/phosphoglycerate kinase. The proteosome was found in parasite exposed to 30 µg/mL of the extract.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that proteins involved in the glycolysis pathway may be the targets for antimalarial activity of G. mangostana Linn. (pericarp).
authors.affiliation: Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumtani 12121, Thailand.
authors.forename: Wanna
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chaijaroenkul
authors.affiliation: Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumtani 12121, Thailand.
authors.forename: Artitiya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thiengsusuk
authors.affiliation: College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kanchana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rungsihirunrat
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Stephen Andrew
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.affiliation: Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumtani 12121, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kesara
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Na-Bangchang
keywords: Garcinia mangostana Linn.; Malaria; Proteomics