title: Nitric oxide production by necrotrophic pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina and the host plant in charcoal rot disease of jute: complexity of the interplay between necrotroph-host plant interactions.
abstract: M. phaseolina, a global devastating necrotrophic fungal pathogen causes charcoal rot disease in more than 500 host plants. With the aim of understanding the plant-necrotrophic pathogen interaction associated with charcoal rot disease of jute, biochemical approach was attempted to study cellular nitric oxide production under diseased condition. This is the first report on M. phaseolina infection in Corchorus capsularis (jute) plants which resulted in elevated nitric oxide, reactive nitrogen species and S nitrosothiols production in infected tissues. Time dependent nitric oxide production was also assessed with 4-Amino-5-Methylamino-2',7'-Difluorofluorescein Diacetate using single leaf experiment both in presence of M. phaseolina and xylanases obtained from fungal secretome. Cellular redox status and redox active enzymes were also assessed during plant fungal interaction. Interestingly, M. phaseolina was found to produce nitric oxide which was detected in vitro inside the mycelium and in the surrounding medium. Addition of mammalian nitric oxide synthase inhibitor could block the nitric oxide production in M. phaseolina. Bioinformatics analysis revealed nitric oxide synthase like sequence with conserved amino acid sequences in M. phaseolina genome sequence. In conclusion, the production of nitric oxide and reactive nitrogen species may have important physiological significance in necrotrophic host pathogen interaction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Tuhin Subhra
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Pranjal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.affiliation: Former head, Division of Crop Protection, Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres (CRIJAF), Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Subrata Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India; Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CRNN), University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D032381:Corchorus / Q000382:microbiology*; D043364:Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005452:Fluoresceins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D025282:Mycelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009603:Nitroso Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000382:microbiology; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D004718:Saccharomycetales / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C503301:4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005452:Fluoresceins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D009603:Nitroso Compounds; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D043364:Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases