title: Efficient photoelectrochemical hydrogen production from bismuth vanadate-decorated tungsten trioxide helix nanostructures.
abstract: Tungsten trioxide/bismuth vanadate heterojunction is one of the best pairs for solar water splitting, but its photocurrent densities are insufficient. Here we investigate the advantages of using helical nanostructures in photoelectrochemical solar water splitting. A helical tungsten trioxide array is fabricated on a fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate, followed by subsequent coating with bismuth vanadate/catalyst. A maximum photocurrent density of ~5.35±0.15 mA cm(-2) is achieved at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode, and related hydrogen and oxygen evolution is also observed from this heterojunction. Theoretical simulations and analyses are performed to verify the advantages of this helical structure. The combination of effective light scattering, improved charge separation and transportation, and an enlarged contact surface area with electrolytes due to the use of the bismuth vanadate-decorated tungsten trioxide helical nanostructures leads to the highest reported photocurrent density to date at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode, to the best of our knowledge.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Chunchun-dong, Suwon 440-746, Korea [2].
authors.forename: Xinjian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea [2].
authors.forename: Il Yong
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Chunchun-dong, Suwon 440-746, Korea.
authors.forename: Kan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Chunchun-dong, Suwon 440-746, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Yeong
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea.
authors.forename: Ja Kyung
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Kyu
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Chunchun-dong, Suwon 440-746, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Hyeok
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park