title: Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in peritoneal dialysis patients.
abstract: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients have a high risk of developing vitamin D deficiency as 25(OH) vitamin D, the precursor of active vitamin D, is lost during dialysis. This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among adult Saudi patients on regular PD The data was collected in the summer of 2010 from patients who were on PD for more than six months at the King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh. We recorded the demographic and clinical parameters for all patients. Blood samples were taken for serum vitamin D level (25 OH), serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and other necessary biochemical parameters. There were 27 patients (11 males and 16 females) with a mean age of 46 (15-78 ± 21) years. Five patients were on continuous ambulatory PD and 22 patients were using automated PD. The average time on PD was 27.5 (6-84 ± 18.5) months. The mean serum vitamin D 25 (OH) level was 16.1 (4.9-41.5 ± 8.23) nmol/L. Sixteen (59.2%) of the patients had levels below 15 nmol/L, while another eight patients (29.6%) had vitamin D levels between 15 and 25 nmol/L, indicating a marked deficiency. The mean serum calcium was 2.2 (1.7-2.6 ± 0.2) mmol/L and the mean serum phosphorous was 1.48 (0.64-2.22 ± 0.37) mmol/L. Fifteen patients (55.5%) had significant hyperparathyroidism (serum PTH levels above 30 pmol/L). Majority of the PD patients in our center had vitamin D deficiency. The possible reasons include chronic renal failure, dietary restrictions, loss of vitamin D and decreased exposure to sunlight.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Jamal S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Alwakeel
authors.forename: Saira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Usama
authors.forename: Ahmad H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Mitwalli
authors.forename: Abdulkareem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alsuwaida
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alghonaim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000097:blood; D015995:Prevalence; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C470125:PTH protein, human; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D014807:Vitamin D; D010758:Phosphorus; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D; D002118:Calcium