title: Preparation of poly(γ-glutamic acid)/hydroxyapatite monolith via biomineralization for bone tissue engineering.
abstract: A hybrid monolith of poly(γ-glutamic acid) and hydroxyapatite (PGA/HAp monolith) was prepared via biomineralization and used as a macroporous cell scaffold in bone tissue engineering. The PGA monolith having a bimodal pore size distribution was used as a substrate to induce biomineralization. The PGA/HAp monolith was obtained by immersing the PGA monolith in simulated body fluid. Pretreatment with CaCl2 enhanced the apatite-forming ability of the PGA monolith. Murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells efficiently attached and proliferated on the PGA/HAp monolith. MTT assay showed that both the PGA and PGA/HAp monolith did not have apparent cytotoxicity. Moreover, the PGA and PGA/HAp monoliths adsorbed bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) by electrostatic interaction which was slowly released in the medium during cell culture. The PGA/HAp monolith enhanced BMP-2 induced alkaline phosphatase activity compared to the PGA monolith and a polystyrene culture plate. Thus, these PGA/HAp monoliths may have potential in bone tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Applied Chemistry , Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan.
authors.forename: Sung-Bin
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Urara
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: André J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: van der Vlies
authors.forename: Moon-Hee
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uyama
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D032701:Biomimetics; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000737:chemistry; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D065546:Drug Liberation; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D008903:Minerals / Q000737:chemistry*; D011099:Polyglutamic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D023822:Tissue Engineering
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D008903:Minerals; C511775:poly(gamma-glutamic acid); D011099:Polyglutamic Acid; D017886:Durapatite; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: biomineralization; hydroxyapatite; monolith; poly(γ-glutamic acid); thermally induced phase separation; tissue engineering