title: Cardiometabolic effects of two coffee blends differing in content for major constituents in overweight adults: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The hypothesis was tested that coffee types differing in content of major constituents also differ with regard to cardiometabolic effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overweight persons (n = 118) were randomized to consume a dark roast [rich in N-methylpyridinium (NMP)] or medium roast (rich in caffeoylquinic acids, trigonelline) coffee blend for 3 months, after a washout period of 4 weeks. Before and after the intervention period, body weight and 15 further general and biochemical parameters were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants consumed an average of 4-5 cups per day. Mean body weight, body mass index and waist circumference did not change during the coffee consumption phase in either of the study groups. Systolic blood pressure decreased in the dark roast coffee group only (p < 0.05). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased in the medium roast coffee group only, and triglyceride levels increased in the dark roast coffee group only. Glucoregulation and insulin levels were not affected, although there was a small increase of hemoglobin A1c values in both groups. An increase of adiponectin levels occurred in the medium roast coffee group only and was negatively associated with NMP concentrations. Differences did not remain statistically significant after correction for multiple testing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medium and dark roast coffee blends exert small but possibly relevant different cardiometabolic effects. Further studies of health outcomes in relation to coffee constituents seem warranted.
authors.affiliation: West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Düsseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Hohensandweg 37, 40591, Düsseldorf, Germany, kerstin.kempf@wdgz.de.
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kempf
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kolb
authors.forename: Babette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gärtner
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bytof
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stiebitz
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lantz
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000470:Alkaloids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003069:Coffee / Q000737:chemistry*; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000097:blood; D050177:Overweight / Q000378:metabolism*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D011801:Quinic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D055105:Waist Circumference; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000187:drug effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D000470:Alkaloids; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D003069:Coffee; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D053495:Osteopontin; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds; D011801:Quinic Acid; C472707:caffeoylquinic acid; C009560:trigonelline; C014677:1-methylpyridinium