title: Cytokine gene polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis in an Amerindian population.
abstract: METHODS
  Cytokines play an important role in anti-tuberculosis immune response, combined with antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes. Immune response gene polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility in some but not all studies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association of immune response genes with susceptibility to tuberculin skin test (TST) reactivity and/or TB.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped in 96 individuals of the Aché, a native Paraguayan population, by allelic discrimination using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Univariate and multivariate Poisson regression were employed to assess risk genotypes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A higher prevalence of purified protein derivative reactivity was associated with the TNF-α CCA/TCG haplotype (PR 1.298, 95%CI 1.059-1.589) and with the IL-10 AT/CC diplotype (PR 1.181, 95% CI 1.024-1.362), and the presence of the IL-8 rs4073 T allele was associated with protection against TB (PR 0.482, 95%CI 0.273-0.851).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that polymorphisms in genes associated with immune response are involved in TST reactivity and susceptibility to TB in the Aché population.
authors.affiliation: <label>*</label>Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lindenau
authors.affiliation: <label><sup>†</sup></label>Unidade de Epidemiologia e Estatística, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: L S P
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.affiliation: <label>*</label>Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.affiliation: <label><sup>‡</sup></label>School of Human Evolution & Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hurtado
authors.affiliation: <label><sup>‡</sup></label>School of Human Evolution & Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: <label>*</label>Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Salzano
authors.affiliation: <label>*</label>Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hutz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007199:Indians, South American / Q000235:genetics; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010239:Paraguay; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014374:Tuberculin Test; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10