title: The effect of adrenal medullectomy on metabolic responses to chronic intermittent hypoxia.
abstract: Obstructive sleep apnea causes intermittent hypoxia (IH) and is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. IH increases plasma catecholamine levels, which may increase insulin resistance and suppress insulin secretion. The objective of this study was to determine if adrenal medullectomy (MED) prevents metabolic dysfunction in IH. MED or sham surgery was performed in 60 male C57BL/6J mice, which were then exposed to IH or control conditions (intermittent air) for 6 weeks. IH increased plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels, increased fasting blood glucose and lowered basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. MED decreased baseline epinephrine and prevented the IH induced increase in epinephrine, whereas the norepinephrine response remained intact. MED improved glucose tolerance in mice exposed to IH, attenuated the impairment in basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, but did not prevent IH-induced fasting hyperglycemia or insulin resistance. We conclude that the epinephrine release from the adrenal medulla during IH suppresses insulin secretion causing hyperglycemia.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States.
authors.forename: Mi-Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States.
authors.forename: Woobum
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States.
authors.forename: Shannon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bevans-Fonti
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States.
authors.forename: Jonathan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States.
authors.forename: Naresh M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Punjabi
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States. Electronic address: vpolots1@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Vsevolod Y
authors.initials: VY
authors.lastname: Polotsky
mesh_terms: D000313:Adrenal Medulla / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000502:physiology; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000150:complications*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D005947:Glucose; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine
keywords: Epinephrine; Insulin secretion; Sleep apnea; Type 2 diabetes