title: Alcohol expectancies and evaluations of aggression in alcohol-related intimate-partner verbal and physical aggression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Alcohol aggression expectancies have been found to be associated with increases in aggressive behavior. However, research has not consistently examined evaluations of such behavior. This is unfortunate as both expectancies and evaluations may play a role in whether such behavior will occur. Given this, the current study cross-sectionally examined the associations between alcohol aggression expectancies, evaluations of alcohol-related aggression, indicators of excessive drinking, and alcohol-related verbal and physical aggression.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 280 married and cohabiting couples. These couples reported on excessive drinking indicators, alcohol expectancies and evaluations, and alcohol-related verbal and physical aggression during the past year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings showed that verbal aggression was positively associated with indicators of excessive drinking among females and with alcohol aggression expectancies for females who evaluated such aggression positively. For males, aggression expectancies and indicators of excessive drinking were positively associated with verbal aggression. For physical aggression, results showed that indicators of excessive drinking and aggression expectancies were associated with physical aggression for females. For males, aggression expectancies were positively associated and evaluations were negatively associated with physical aggression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings add to previous research on alcohol aggression expectancies in close relationships and emphasize the importance of considering evaluations of alcohol-related behavior and how they may play a role in intimate-partner violence and aggression.
authors.affiliation: National Center for PTSD, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Lorig K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Kachadourian
authors.affiliation: Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York.
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Quigley
authors.affiliation: Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York.
authors.forename: Kenneth E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Leonard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D012747:Sexual Partners / Q000523:psychology*; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires