title: Three-dimensional quantitative analysis of adhesive remnants and enamel loss resulting from debonding orthodontic molar tubes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Presenting a new method for direct, quantitative analysis of enamel surface. Measurement of adhesive remnants and enamel loss resulting from debonding molar tubes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Buccal surfaces of fifteen extracted human molars were directly scanned with an optic blue-light 3D scanner to the nearest 2 μm. After 20 s etching molar tubes were bonded and after 24 h storing in 0.9% saline - debonded. Then 3D scanning was repeated. Superimposition and comparison were proceeded and shape alterations of the entire objects were analyzed using specialized computer software. Residual adhesive heights as well as enamel loss depths have been obtained for the entire buccal surfaces. Residual adhesive volume and enamel loss volume have been calculated for every tooth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maximum height of adhesive remaining on enamel surface was 0.76 mm and the volume on particular teeth ranged from 0.047 mm3 to 4.16 mm3. The median adhesive remnant volume was 0.988 mm3. Mean depths of enamel loss for particular teeth ranged from 0.0076 mm to 0.0416 mm. Highest maximum depth of enamel loss was 0.207 mm. Median volume of enamel loss was 0.104 mm3 and maximum volume was 1.484 mm3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blue-light 3D scanning is able to provide direct precise scans of the enamel surface, which can be superimposed in order to calculate shape alterations. Debonding molar tubes leaves a certain amount of adhesive remnants on the enamel, however the interface fracture pattern varies for particular teeth and areas of enamel loss are present as well.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Dentistry Pomeranian Medical, University of Szczecin, al, Powstancow Wlkp, 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland. jjo@pum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Janiszewska-Olszowska
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tandecka
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Szatkiewicz
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sporniak-Tutak
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grocholewicz
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017005:Dental Debonding / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods*; D008963:Molar / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives