title: Effects of task orientation on subsequent source memory as revealed by functional MRI.
abstract: Episodic memories are composed of various interrelated elements, including those specific to items of central interest and those pertaining to related features, such as the color, shape, size, spatial location, temporal order, and media or modalities of presentation. Memory about a core item (such as a word, object, or picture) is called item memory while memory about the context or related fea-tures of a core item is defined as source memory. What determines which sources within an episode are successfully remembered is of particular interest to researchers. Behavioral evidence suggests that the orientation of a memory task influences whether the related source of the item will be re-membered later. This study explored changes in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex while par-ticipants completed two tasks: an item-oriented task and a source-oriented task. We used functional MRI to investigate the neural mechanisms by which task orientation influences source encoding. We found that subsequent source memory effects in the right prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were modulated by task orientation, whereas task orientation modulated item memory effects in the prefrontal cortex. These findings highlight the possibility that the hippocampus contributes to the intentional encoding of item-source associations, whereas the prefrontal cortex is biased toward processing information to which attention is directed.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China ; School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
authors.forename: Xiuyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China ; Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
authors.forename: Jianqi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China ; Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
authors.forename: Qianfeng
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
authors.forename: Zhiliang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
keywords: functional MRI; grants-supported paper; hippocampus; learning; neural regeneration; neuropsychology; neuroregeneration; prefrontal cortex; source memory; task orientation