title: Evaluation of complication rates of pediatric cranial procedures in which a polyethylene glycol sealant was used.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Polyethylene glycol (PEG) sealant in conjunction with standard closure techniques is effective in preventing CSF leaks after cranial procedures in adult patients, but the safety of PEG sealant in the pediatric population has not been shown.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors performed a retrospective analysis of pediatric neurosurgery patients (0-18 years of age) treated from 2005 to 2010 at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. There were 163 patients who underwent cranial surgery with the use of PEG sealant as an adjunct to standard closure techniques. There were 92 males and 71 females with an average age of 10.2 years. The incidences of revision surgery, CSF leak, meningitis, and neurological deficit were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the cohort's 90-day postoperative clinical course, the authors found that 4 patients (2.5%) required revision surgery, 2 patients (1.2%) developed a CSF leak, 4 patients (2.5%) developed a superficial skin infection, and 1 patient developed meningitis (0.6%) with no deaths or neurological deficits observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PEG sealant appears to be a safe adjunct to standard dural closure in pediatric cranial surgery patients to augment dural closure.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: C Rory
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Goodwin
authors.forename: Pablo F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Recinos
authors.forename: Jesse X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: George I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Jallo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001139:Arnold-Chiari Malformation / Q000601:surgery; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000601:surgery; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008581:Meningitis / Q000209:etiology; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012086:Reoperation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012886:Skull / Q000601:surgery*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols
keywords: CSF leak; PEG = polyethylene glycol; dural sealants; durotomy; infection; pediatric cranial procedures; polyethylene glycol sealant; technique