title: Preventive effect of the microalga Chlamydomonas debaryana on the acute phase of experimental colitis in rats.
abstract: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterised by chronic uncontrolled inflammation of intestinal mucosa. Diet and nutritional factors have emerged as possible interventions for IBD. Microalgae are rich sources of n-3 PUFA and derived oxylipins. Oxylipins are lipid mediators involved in the resolution of many inflammatory disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the oxylipin-containing biomass of the microalga Chlamydomonas debaryana and its major oxylipin constituent, (9Z,11E,13S,15Z)-13-hydroxyoctadeca-9,11,15-trienoic acid ((13S)-HOTE), on acute 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats. Lyophilised microalgal biomass and (13S)-HOTE were administered by oral route 48, 24 and 1 h before the induction of colitis and 24 h later, and the rats were killed after 48 h. The treatment with the lyophilised microalga and (13S)-HOTE improved body-weight loss and colon shortening, as well as attenuated the extent of colonic damage and increased mucus production. Cellular neutrophil infiltration, with the subsequent increase in myeloperoxidase levels induced by TNBS, were also reduced after the administration of the lyophilised microalga or (13S)-HOTE. The anti-inflammatory effects of these treatments were confirmed by the inhibition of colonic TNF-α production. Moreover, lyophilised microalga or (13S)-HOTE down-regulated cyclo-oxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. The present study was the first to show the prophylactic effects of a lyophilised biomass sample of the microalga C. debaryana and the oxylipin (13S)-HOTE on TNBS-induced acute colitis in rats. Our findings suggest that the microalga C. debaryana or derived oxylipins could be used as nutraceuticals in the treatment of the active phase of IBD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville,Seville41012,Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Avila-Román
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville,Seville41012,Spain.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Talero
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville,Seville41012,Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alcaide
authors.affiliation: Departament of Organic Chemistry,Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz,Puerto Real11510,Spain.
authors.forename: Carolina de Los
authors.initials: Cde L
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.affiliation: Departament of Organic Chemistry,Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz,Puerto Real11510,Spain.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zubía
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology and Ecology,Faculty of Biology, University of Seville,Seville41012,Spain.
authors.forename: Sofía
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: García-Mauriño
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville,Seville41012,Spain.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Motilva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018533:Biomass; D002696:Chlamydomonas / Q000737:chemistry*; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000032:analysis; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005612:Freeze Drying; D008041:Linoleic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000473:pathology; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000032:analysis; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D008041:Linoleic Acids; D054883:Oxylipins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C024348:13-hydroxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid; D009195:Peroxidase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2