title: Effects of restraint stress and nitric oxide synthase inhibition on learning and strategy preference in young adult male rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of restraint stress and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition by NωNitro-L-Arginine (LNA) on learning and strategy preference.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were randomly divided into four groups (Saline, Saline+Stress, LNA, LNA+Stress). Stress was applied for one hour in glass cylinders during 13 days. One hour after this stress application, water maze experiments were started. Injections (saline 1 ml/kg or 50 mg/kg LNA) were given 10 minutes before each experiment. The platform was kept visible or hidden (on the 4(th), 8(th), 12(th) days) at the same position. On the 13(th) day the platform was located on the opposite quadrant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Saline groups exhibited significantly better performances (F(1.31)=174.038 p<0.05) at the beginning compared to the NOS inhibited groups. For initial hidden platform days; stress was determined as an impairment factor (F(1.31)=5.190 p=0.012). At the end, acquisition occurred on both visible and hidden platform days for all groups. There was no significant strategy preference difference between the groups.Development of the stress and NOS inhibition impairments were seen, particularly at different periods of the acquisition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NOS inhibition did not worsen restraint stress-induced learning impairments in rats. Lack of effect may be explained by the antidepressive consequences of NOS inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Melih
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dağdeviren
authors.affiliation: Gazikent Family Health Center, İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yusuf Hakan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Doğan
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Lütfiye
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kanıt
keywords: Learning; NOS inhibition; restraint stress; strategy preference; water maze