title: [Expression of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase modulates macrophage polarization in THP-1 cells].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) has an effect on macrophage polarization of differentiated THP-1 (dTHP-1) cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The macrophage model was established through incubating the human monocyte line (THP-1 cells) with phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (10 ng/mL) for 48 hours. To generate M1/M2-polarized macrophages, dTHP-1 cells were cultured with IFN-γ (100 U/mL) and M-CSF (100 ng/mL), respectively. The expressions of molecular markers of macrophages (including HLA-DR, CCR7, IL-12p35, IL-10, CXCR4) and IDO were examined by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), flow cytometry, and Western blotting. To investigate the role of IDO in the dTHP-1 cell polarization, the plasmid pEGFP-N1-IDO and siRNA-IDO were respectively transfected into cells. The mRNA levels of molecular markers of macrophages were examined by qRT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IFN-γ could induce the differentiation of THP-1 cells into M1 phenotype and up-regulate the IDO expression. Interestingly, our results also indicated that the ectopic IDO could trigger the transformation of dTHP-1 cells to M2 phenotype. In contrast, the knockdown of IDO expression in dTHP-1 cells resulted in increased M1 markers and lower M2 markers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The expression intensity of IDO could modulate macrophage polarization in THP-1 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of STD & AIDS, Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang 050019, China.
authors.forename: Xianfeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015870:Gene Expression; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053765:Interleukin-12 Subunit p35 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D034622:RNA Interference; D054400:Receptors, CCR7 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C515370:CCR7 protein, human; C527276:CXCR4 protein, human; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; D053765:Interleukin-12 Subunit p35; D054400:Receptors, CCR7; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D016753:Interleukin-10; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate