title: Momordica charantia seed extract exhibits strong anticoagulant effect by specifically interfering in intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation and dissolves fibrin clot.
abstract: The current study explores the anticoagulant and fibrin clot-hydrolyzing properties of Momordica charantia seed extract (MCSE). MCSE hydrolyzed casein with the specific activity of 0.780 units/mg per min. Interestingly, it enhanced the clot formation process of citrated human plasma from control 146 to 432 s. In addition, the intravenous injection of MCSE significantly prolonged the bleeding time in a dose-dependent manner from control 150 to more than 800 s, and strengthened its anticoagulant activity. Interestingly, MCSE specifically prolonged the clotting time of only activated partial thromboplastin time, but not prothrombin time, and revealed the participation of MCSE in the intrinsic pathway of the blood coagulation cascade. Furthermore, MCSE completely hydrolyzed both Aα and Bβ chains of the human fibrinogen and partially hydrolyzed the γ chain. However, it hydrolyzed all the chains (α polymer, α chain, β chain and γ-γ dimmers) of partially cross-linked human fibrin clot. The proteolytic activity followed by the anticoagulant effect of the MCSE was completely abolished by the 1,10-phenanthroline and phenyl methyl sulphonyl fluoride, but iodoacetic acid, EDTA, and ethylene glycol-N,N,N',N'-tetra acetic acid did not. Curiously, MCSE did not hydrolyze any other plasma proteins except the plasma fibrinogen. Moreover, MCSE was devoid of RBC lysis, edema and hemorrhagic properties, suggesting its nontoxic nature. Taken together, MCSE may be a valuable candidate in the treatment of blood clot/thrombotic disorders.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Studies and Research in Biochemistry and Centre for Bioscience and Innovation, Tumkur University, Tumkur, Karnataka bDepartments of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothry, Mysore, India cDepartments of Studies in Biochemistry, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shimoga, Karnataka, India dDepartments of Sericulture, Yuvaraja's College, University of Mysore, Mysore, India.
authors.forename: Bhagyalakshmi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Manjappa
authors.forename: Sowmyashree
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gangaraju
authors.forename: Kesturu S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Girish
authors.forename: Kempaiah
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kemparaju
authors.forename: Sathish J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gonchigar
authors.forename: Rohit L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Shankar
authors.forename: Manohar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shinde
authors.forename: Devaraja
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sannaningaiah
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005337:Fibrin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D029777:Momordica charantia / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D005337:Fibrin