title: The potential of indole and a synthetic derivative for polyQ aggregation reduction by enhancement of the chaperone and autophagy systems.
abstract: In polyglutamine (polyQ)-mediated disorders, the expansion of translated CAG repeats in the disease genes result in long polyQ tracts in their respective proteins, leading to intracellular accumulation of aggregated polyQ proteins, production of reactive oxygen species, and cell death. The molecular chaperones act in preventing protein misfolding and aggregation, thus inhibiting a wide range of harmful downstream events. In the circumstance of accumulation of aggregated polyQ proteins, the autophagic pathway is induced to degrade the misfolded or aggregated proteins. In this study, we used Flp-In 293/SH-SY5Y cells with inducible SCA3 ATXN3/Q75-GFP expression to test the effect of indole and synthetic derivatives for neuroprotection. We found that ATXN3/Q75 aggregation can be significantly prohibited in Flp-In 293 cells by indole and derivative NC001-8. Meanwhile, indole and NC001-8 up-regulated chaperones and autophagy in the same cell models. Both of them further promote neurite outgrowth in neuronal differentiated SH-SY5Y ATXN3/Q75-GFP cells. Our results demonstrate how indole and derivative NC001-8 are likely to work in reduction of polyQ-aggregation and provide insight into the possible effectual mechanism of indole compounds in polyQ spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) patients. These findings may have therapeutic applications in a broad range of clinical situations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei 11677, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Hsin
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yih-Ru
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Pin-Jui
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kung
authors.forename: Wan-Ling
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Li-Ching
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Te-Hsien
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chih-Ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Chiung-Mei
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Kuo-Hsuan
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Donala
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Janreddy
authors.forename: Guey-Jen
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Lee-Chen
authors.forename: Ching-Fa
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D000067699:Ataxin-3; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects*; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D015153:Blotting, Western; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002449:Cell Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005453:Fluorescence; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000378:metabolism*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016501:Neurites / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020754:Spinocerebellar Ataxias / Q000188:drug therapy; D013844:Thiazoles
chemical_list: D052160:Benzothiazoles; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; C490786:HSPA1A protein, human; D007211:Indoles; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D013844:Thiazoles; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; C009462:thioflavin T; C097188:polyglutamine; C092341:ATXN3 protein, human; D000067699:Ataxin-3; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3
keywords: Spinocerebellar ataxia; indole and derivative; polyQ expansion; therapeutics