title: Fabrication of cancellous biomimetic chitosan-based nanocomposite scaffolds applying a combinational method for bone tissue engineering.
abstract: The aim of this study was to mimic the specific structure of bone and fabricate a biomimetic nano-hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (Cs)/gelatin scaffolds using combination of particle leaching and freeze drying methods eliminating mold effects. To achieve an optimum structure, scaffolds with different gelatin/Cs weight ratio were fabricated. Morphological characterization of scaffolds by scanning electron microscopy method showed highly interconnected porous structures similar to cancellous bone with mean pore size ranging from 140 to 190 μm. Nano-HA crystals were dispersed homogeneously in the polymer matrix according to the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy images. Fourier transform infrared and X-ray diffraction results disclosed that chemical interactions were formed between nano-HA, Cs, gelatin and crystallinity of each material decreased with blending. It was found that increasing the gelatin content significantly improved water uptake, degradation rate as well as attachment, infiltration and proliferation of Saos2 cells to the scaffolds. The presented results confirm that the designed biomimetic nano-HA /Cs/gelatin scaffolds can be used as promising substitutes for bone tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), P.O. Box 1449614535, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jamalpoor
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mirzadeh
authors.forename: Mohammad Taghi
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Joghataei
authors.forename: Darya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zeini
authors.forename: Shadab
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bagheri-Khoulenjani
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Nourani
mesh_terms: D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D048271:Chitosan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008970:Molecular Weight; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D048271:Chitosan; D017886:Durapatite
keywords: bone tissue engineering; chitosan/gelatin; freeze drying; nano-hydroxyapatite; particle leaching