title: Correlation between the cytology of urine sediment in fresh sample and smears stained by Papanicolaou and Giemsa methods.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urine excreted by the body has a variable composition in different physiological and pathological conditions. The cells that come from the renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, and urethra are carried by the urine, and therefore, they can be observed in fresh samples and in smears with Giemsa and Papanicolaou stain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to show that high correlation that exists between the cytological examination of fresh urine samples and smears stained with Papanicolaou and Giemsa methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 45 cases with no tumor of the urinary tract and 36 patients with lower urinary tract neoplasms were included in the study (20: Low-grade urothelial tumors; 16: High-grade urothelial tumors, squamous carcinomas, and adenocarcinomas). The sediments in the urine samples were observed in fresh specimen and in smears stained with Papanicolaou method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The meticulous observation of fresh urinary sediments allowed identification of diverse cellular types associated with varied pathologies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cytological examination of urinary samples in fresh smears, and its later diagnostic confirmation with the Papanicolaou stain is important not only as a diagnostic procedure of tumoral or non-tumoral pathologies, but also as a method for the 'screening' of pre-cancerous lesions or carcinoma in situ, especially in high-risk populations.
authors.affiliation: Professor of Cytology, Clinical Hospital "José de San Martín", Buenos Aires University, Argentina ; Professor of Clinical Biochemistry, Instituto De Fisiopatologia Y Bioquimica Clinica, Argentina.
authors.forename: Luis Alberto
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Palaoro
authors.affiliation: Professor of Cytology, Clinical Hospital "José de San Martín", Buenos Aires University, Argentina ; Professor of Clinical Biochemistry, Instituto De Fisiopatologia Y Bioquimica Clinica, Argentina.
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Angerosa
keywords: Fresh urine sediment; inflammatory bladder pathologies; stained urine sediment; urinary bladder tumors; urinary tract