title: Beyond TGFβ--novel ways to target airway and parenchymal fibrosis.
abstract: Within the lungs, fibrosis can affect both the parenchyma and the airways. Fibrosis is a hallmark pathological change in the parenchyma in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), whilst in asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) fibrosis is a component of the remodelling of the airways. In the past decade, significant advances have been made in understanding the disease behaviour and pathogenesis of parenchymal and airway fibrosis and as a result a variety of novel therapeutic targets for slowing or preventing progression of these fibrotic changes have been identified. This review highlights a number of these targets and discusses the potential for treating parenchymal or airway fibrosis through these mediators/pathways in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology, and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Boorsma
authors.affiliation: Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: B G J
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Dekkers
authors.affiliation: Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.affiliation: Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kumawat
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals, QMC Campus, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.affiliation: Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe 2037, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom. Electronic address: alison.john@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: John
mesh_terms: D056151:Airway Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta
keywords: Airway; Asthma; COPD; Fibrosis; IPF; Parenchyma