title: 3p interstitial deletion including PRICKLE2 in identical twins with autistic features.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Microdeletion and microduplication syndromes without characteristic dysmorphic features are difficult to diagnose without chromosomal microarrays.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe the clinical course and genetic findings of monozygotic twins with intellectual disabilities and autistic features associated with mild facial dysmorphism and microdeletion of chromosome 3p14.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The postnatal course of the second twin was complicated by intestinal malrotation, whereas that of the first twin was unremarkable. Both twins had several mild dysmorphic features including upswept frontal hair, low-set posterior rotated ears, arched down-slanting eyebrows, prominent forehead, epicanthic folds, micrognathia, hypertelorism, broad nasal bridge, short philtrum, and camptodactyly of the bilateral fifth fingers. They had autistic features such as poor eye contact and no social smile, stereotyped behaviors, and preference for solitary play. Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis revealed de novo 6.88-Mb deletions of 3p14 (chr3: 60,472,496-67,385,119) involving 17 genes in both twins. The deleted region contained 17 genes, five of which are known or presumed to be related to central nervous system disorders: FEZF2, SYNPR, ATXN7, PRICKLE2, and MAGI1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We consider that PRICKLE2 is the most likely causative gene for the autistic features exhibited by these individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan. Electronic address: okumura.akihisa.479@mail.aichi-med-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Akihisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Womens' Medical University Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyajima
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Womens' Medical University Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimojima
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinpei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikeno
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimizu
mesh_terms: D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000235:genetics*; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D002893:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D017384:Sequence Deletion / Q000235:genetics*; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic
chemical_list: D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C000588606:PRICKLE2 protein, human
keywords: 3p14 microdeletion; PRICKLE2; autistic features; identical twins