title: Moyamoya syndrome in sickle cell anaemia: a cause of recurrent stroke.
abstract: Summary We report a case with interesting imaging findings as well as an unfortunate but not unexpected clinical outcome. Our patient, an 8-year-old Jamaican boy of Afro-Caribbean descent with homozygous sickle cell disease, presented with left-sided upper limb weakness. He had a history of recurrent cerebrovascular accidents and transient ischaemic attacks beginning at 4 years of age. MRI revealed old bilateral infarctions and the ivy sign on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences. MR angiography demonstrated numerous collaterals, most apparently arising from the left internal carotid, consistent with moyamoya syndrome. The patient had a full recovery and remained well for almost 2 years when he suffered another stroke.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgery, Radiology, Anaesthetics and Intensive Care, Radiology Section, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica.
authors.forename: Deanne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgery, Radiology, Anaesthetics and Intensive Care, Radiology Section, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bullock
authors.affiliation: Sickle Cell Unit, TMRI, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica.
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ali
mesh_terms: D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D009072:Moyamoya Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D012008:Recurrence; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D013577:Syndrome; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed