title: Evolving molecular epidemiological profile of human immunodeficiency virus 1 in the southwest border of China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have previously reported in Xishuangbanna (Banna) Dai Autonomous Prefecture, a well-developed tourist destination in the southwest border of China, that HIV-1 transmitted dominantly through heterosexual contact with less divergent genotypes and few drug resistant mutations. Due to the rapid increase of newly diagnosed HIV-1 cases per year in Banna in recent years, it's important to evaluate the evolution of HIV-1 molecular epidemiology for the better understanding of ongoing HIV-1 outbreak in this region.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By sequencing of HIV-1 pol genes and phylogenetic analysis, we conducted a molecular epidemiologic study in 352 HIV-1-seropositive highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART)-naïve individuals newly diagnosed at the Banna Center for Disease Control and Prevention between 2009 and 2011. Of 283 samples (84.1% taken from heterosexually acquired adults, 10.6% from needle-sharing drug users, 2.8% from men who have sex with men, 0.4% from children born from HIV-1-infected mothers, and 2.1% remained unknown) with successful sequencing for pol gene, we identified 108 (38.2%) HIV-1 subtype CRF08_BC, 101 (35.7%) CRF01_AE, 49 (17.3%) CRF07_BC, 5 (1.8%) C/CRF57_BC, 3 (1.1%) B', 1 (0.4%) B/CRF51_01B, and 16 (5.7%) unique recombinants forms. Among these infected individuals, 104 (36.7%) cases showed drug resistant or resistance-relevant mutations, and 4 of them conferring high-level resistance to 3TC/FTC, EFV/NVP or NFV. Phylogenetic analysis revealed 21 clusters (2-7 sequences) with only 21.2% (60/283) sequences involved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to our previous findings, CRF08_BC, replaced CRF01_AE, became the dominant genotype of HIV-1 in Banna prefecture. The viral strains with drug resistance mutations were detected frequently in newly diagnosed HIV-1-infected individuals in this region.
authors.affiliation: Sino-French Collaborative Laboratory, Tropical Medicine Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yingyu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Sino-French Collaborative Laboratory, Tropical Medicine Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Institut de Recherche sur les Vaccins et l'Immunologie des Cancers et du Sida, Université Paris Descartes/Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Xishuangbanna Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinghong, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Xishuangbanna Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinghong, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Xishuangbanna Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinghong, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dao
authors.affiliation: Sino-French Collaborative Laboratory, Tropical Medicine Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Weizhong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Sino-French Collaborative Laboratory, Tropical Medicine Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Chunhui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Xishuangbanna Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinghong, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mingyue
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Xishuangbanna Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinghong, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Sino-French Collaborative Laboratory, Tropical Medicine Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Linchun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherche sur les Vaccins et l'Immunologie des Cancers et du Sida, Université Paris Descartes/Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Andrieu
authors.affiliation: Sino-French Collaborative Laboratory, Tropical Medicine Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Institut de Recherche sur les Vaccins et l'Immunologie des Cancers et du Sida, Université Paris Descartes/Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D020010:Heterosexuality; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D058889:Molecular Typing; D016485:Needle Sharing; D010802:Phylogeny; D054302:pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D054302:pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus