title: B'More Healthy Communities for Kids: design of a multi-level intervention for obesity prevention for low-income African American children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Childhood obesity rates in the U.S. have reached epidemic proportions, and an urgent need remains to identify evidence-based strategies for prevention and treatment. Multi-level, multi-component interventions are needed due to the multi-factorial nature of obesity, and its proven links to both the social and built environment. However, there are huge gaps in the literature related to doing these kinds of interventions among low-income, urban, minority groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  The B'More Healthy Communities for Kids (BHCK) intervention is a multi-level, multi-component intervention, targeting low-income African American youth ages 10-14 and their families in Baltimore, Maryland. This intervention prevents childhood obesity by working at multiple levels of the food and social environments to increase access to, demand for, and consumption of healthier foods. BHCK works to create systems-level change by partnering with city policy-makers, multiple levels of the food environment (wholesalers, corner stores, carryout restaurants), and the social environment (peers and families). In addition, extensive evaluation will be conducted at each level of the intervention to assess intervention effectiveness via both process and impact measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This project is novel in multiple ways, including: the inclusion of stakeholders at multiple levels (policy, institutional, and at multiple levels of the food system); that it uses novel computational modeling methodologies to engage policy makers and guide informed decisions of intervention effectiveness; it emphasizes both the built environment (intervening with food sources) and the social environment (intervening with families and peers). The design of the intervention and the evaluation plan of the BHCK project are documented here.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT02181010 (July 2, 2014).
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Global Obesity Prevention Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205-2179, USA. jgittel1@jhu.edu.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gittelsohn
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Anderson Steeves
authors.forename: Yeeli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mui
authors.forename: Anna Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Kharmats
authors.forename: Laura C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dennis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American; D015142:Baltimore; D002648:Child; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005522:Food Services; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D008913:Minority Groups; D009765:Obesity / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011203:Poverty; D012107:Research Design; D012931:Social Environment; D014481:United States