title: Is there a correlation between maternal venous hemodynamic dysfunction and proteinuria of preeclampsia?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate in early and late preeclampsia a correlation of maternal venous Doppler flow characteristics with biochemical parameters in maternal serum and urine, or with gestational outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this observational cross-sectional study, renal interlobar vein impedance index (RIVI) was measured according to a standardised protocol for combined electrocardiogram-Doppler ultrasonography in 86 women with uncomplicated pregnancy, 78 women with late onset preeclampsia (≥34w) and 67 with early onset preeclampsia (<34w). For each group, maternal age, pre-gestational BMI and parity were recorded together with birth weight and -percentile. For both early onset and late onset preeclampsia, maternal serum was analysed for thrombocyte count and concentrations of creatinine, ASAT, ALAT and uric acid and 24h urine collections were analysed for creatinine clearance and proteinuria (mg/24h). A non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-tests was performed for continuous data and a Fisher's exact tests for categorical data. Significant linear dependence between variables was identified using Pearson's correlation coefficient at nominal level a=0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Proteinuria was higher in early onset than in late onset preeclampsia (1756mg [838-6116mg] versus 877mg [416-1696mg], p<0.001), and this was also true for RIVI in both left (0.45 [0.40-0.55] versus 0.41 [0.35-0.45], p=0.001) and right kidney (0.45 [0.39-0.55] versus 0.38 [0.30-0.43], p<0.001). In our data set, there was a significant correlation between proteinuria and RIVI of left (correlation coefficient=0.172, p=0.036) and right kidney (correlation coefficient=0.218, p=0.009) in late onset but not early onset preeclampsia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal RIVI may correlate with proteinuria of late onset preeclampsia.
authors.affiliation: Dept. Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium. Electronic address: tinne.mesens@zol.be.
authors.forename: Tinne
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mesens
authors.affiliation: Dept. Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tomsin
authors.affiliation: Dept. Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.
authors.forename: Anneleen S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Staelens
authors.affiliation: Dept. Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jolien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oben
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medical Statistics, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.
authors.forename: Geert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Molenberghs
authors.affiliation: Dept. Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium; Dept. of Physiology, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.
authors.forename: Wilfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gyselaers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine; D011247:Pregnancy; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000209:etiology*; D012082:Renal Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D014655:Vascular Resistance
keywords: Pregnancy–proteinuria–venous Doppler–preeclampsia