title: Pharmacogenomics of cardiovascular complications in diabetes and obesity.
abstract: Heart disease is a major cause of death in US and worldwide. The complex interplay of the mechanisms between diabetes, obesity and inflammation raises concerns for therapeutic understanding and developing treatment options for patients. Recent advances utilizing pharmacogenomics has helped researchers to probe in to disease pathophysiology and physicians to detect and, diagnose the disease in patients. The understanding developed in the area primarily addresses the issue focusing on the nature and asks the question 'Why' some individuals respond to the standard medication regimen and others do not. The central idea that genomics play a vital part in how the healthcare providers: physician, pharmacist, and nurse provide treatment utilizing the best practices available for maximum benefits. Pharmacogenomics is the scientific basis which offers the fundamental understanding for diseases, based on which therapeutic approaches can be designed and delivered. The discovery that not all humans respond to the drug in the same way is a 'paradigm shift' in how current therapies are offered. The area of pharmacogenomics at its core is linked to the genetic basis for the disease and the response to treatment. Given that diabetes and obesity are major metabolic ailments globally wherein patients also often suffer from cardiac disorders, a comprehensive genetic and pharmacogenomic understanding of these conditions enable the development of effective therapeutic strategies. In this review, we discuss various pharmacogenomic approaches with special emphasis on heart disease as it relates to diabetes and obesity. Recent information in regard to relevant patents in this topic are also discussed.
authors.forename: Kalyan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chapalamadugu
authors.forename: Siva K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Panguluri
authors.forename: Aimon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: Kevin B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Sneed
authors.affiliation: 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, MDC030, USF Health College of Pharmacy, Tampa, FL 33612, USA. stippara@health.usf.edu.
authors.forename: Srinivas M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Tipparaju
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000209:etiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D049990:Membrane Transport Modulators / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D010330:Patents as Topic; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007473:Ion Channels; D049990:Membrane Transport Modulators; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6