title: Investigating neighbourhood effects on health: using community-survey data for developing neighbourhood-related constructs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Structural and social neighbourhood constructs have been developed for studying a neighbourhood's influence on a variety of health outcomes; community surveys are being increasingly used for capturing such information. This paper has proposed a six-fold approach which integrates existing methodologies (i.e. multilevel factor analysis, ecometrics, multilevel spatial multiple membership models and multilevel latent class analysis) for estimating reliable and valid measurement of neighbourhood conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The proposed approach used seven demographic and socio-economic variables reported in a community survey by 20,413 individuals residing in 244 neighbourhoods in Medellin, Colombia, to measure structural neighbourhood conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The set of variables reliably measured one neighbourhood construct: the deprivation index; this showed significant variation between neighbourhoods as well as significant spatial clustering across the city.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The approach presented here should enable public health researchers to better estimate neighbourhood indicators and may result in more accurate assessment of the relationship between neighbourhood characteristics and individual-level health outcomes.
authors.affiliation: National School of Public Health, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Caicedo
authors.affiliation: National School of Public Health, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.
authors.forename: Kelvyn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D003105:Colombia; D006262:Health; D006801:Humans; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires