title: Endogenous enzymes involved in the transformation of oleuropein in Spanish table olive varieties.
abstract: The main Spanish table olive varieties supplied by different olive cooperatives were investigated for their polyphenol compositions and the endogenous enzymes involved in their transformations during two growing seasons. Olives of the Manzanilla variety had the highest concentration in total polyphenols, followed by the Hojiblanca and Gordal varieties. The Gordal and Manzanilla cultivars showed the highest polyphenol oxidase activities. The Gordal cultivar presented a greater β-glucosidase and esterase activity than the others. An important influence of pH and temperature on the optimal activity of these enzymes was also observed. The polyphenol oxidase activity increased with temperature, and peroxidase activity was optimal at 35 °C. The β-glucosidase and esterase activities were at their maximum at 30 and 55 °C, respectively. The oxidase and β-glucosidase activities were at their maximum at the pH of the raw fruit. These results will contribute to the knowledge of the enzyme transformation of oleuropein in natural table olives.
authors.affiliation: Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de la Grasa (IG-CSIC) , Avenida Padre Garcı́a Tejero 4, 41012 Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ramírez
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brenes
authors.forename: Concepción
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Romero
mesh_terms: D004156:Catechol Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D005638:Fruit / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides; D039823:Iridoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D031658:Olea / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013030:Spain; D013696:Temperature; D001617:beta-Glucosidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D057888:Iridoid Glucosides; D039823:Iridoids; D010940:Plant Proteins; C002769:oleuropein; D004156:Catechol Oxidase; D001617:beta-Glucosidase
keywords: esterase; peroxidase; phenolic compounds; polyphenol oxidase; table olive varieties; β-glucosidase