title: Effectiveness of a school based intervention for prevention of non-communicable diseases in middle school children of rural North India: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effectiveness of a multi-component school based intervention in improving knowledge and behavioral practices regarding diet, physical activity and tobacco use in middle schoolchildren of rural-Ballabgarh, North-India.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 40 middle schools were grouped into two, based on geographic proximity and randomly assigned to the intervention or control group in a cluster randomized controlled trial. The target population consisted of 2,348 children studying in 6th and 7th grades in these schools. The intervention consisted of a school component (policies), a classroom component (activities) and a family component [Information Education & Communication (IEC) material]. The main outcome measures were knowledge and behavioral changes in physical activity, diet and tobacco which were self- reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Post-intervention, a significant number of intervention schools adopted the tobacco policy (16/19), physical activity policy (6/19) and healthy food policy (14/19) as compared to the control schools (n = 21). Knowledge about physical activity, diet and tobacco improved significantly in the intervention group as compared to the control group. Proportion of students attending Physical Training (PT) classes for five or more days in a week in the intervention group compared to the control group increased significantly (17.8%; p < 0.01). Proportion of students consuming fruits increased in the intervention group compared to the control group (10%; p < 0.01). Pre-post decrease in the prevalence of current smoking was significantly more in the intervention group as compared to the control group (7.7%; p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Healthy settings approach for schools is feasible and effective in improving knowledge and behavioral practices of non-communicable diseases (NCD) risk factors in adolescents in rural India.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India, deepikasaraf@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Deepika Singh
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Saraf
authors.forename: Sanjeev Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Chandrakant S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Pandav
authors.forename: Baridalyne
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nongkinrih
authors.forename: Suresh Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.forename: Shishir Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Pradhan
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krishnan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D002648:Child; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D016134:Organizational Policy; D011314:Preventive Health Services / Q000379:methods*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012572:School Health Services; D020340:Tobacco Use Cessation / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology