title: Complete proteome of a quinolone-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium phage type DT104B clinical strain.
abstract: Salmonellosis is one of the most common and widely distributed foodborne diseases. The emergence of Salmonella strains that are resistant to a variety of antimicrobials is a serious global public health concern. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium definitive phage type 104 (DT104) is one of these emerging epidemic multidrug resistant strains. Here we collate information from the diverse and comprehensive range of experiments on Salmonella proteomes that have been published. We then present a new study of the proteome of the quinolone-resistant Se20 strain (phage type DT104B), recovered after ciprofloxacin treatment and compared it to the proteome of reference strain SL1344. A total of 186 and 219 protein spots were recovered from Se20 and SL1344 protein extracts, respectively, after two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The signatures of 94% of the protein spots were successfully identified through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Three antimicrobial resistance related proteins, whose genes were previously detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), were identified in the clinical strain. The presence of these proteins, dihydropteroate synthase type-2 (sul2 gene), aminoglycoside resistance protein A (strA gene) and aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase type Ib-cr4 (aac(6')-Ib-cr4 gene), was confirmed in the DT104B clinical strain. The aac(6')-Ib-cr4 gene is responsible for plasmid-mediated aminoglycoside and quinolone resistance. This is a preliminary analysis of the proteome of these two S. Typhimurium strains and further work is being developed to better understand how antimicrobial resistance is developing in this pathogen.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal. ppoeta@utad.pt.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Correia
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal. j.dinis.miranda@utad.pt.
authors.forename: Júlio D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Nunes-Miranda
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal. ppoeta@utad.pt.
authors.forename: Luís
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: BIOSCOPE group, REQUIMTE-CQFB, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University NOVA of Lisbon, 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal. hms14862@fct.unl.pt.
authors.forename: Hugo M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular (Universidad de Cantabria) and Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria IBBTEC (UC-SODERCAN-CSIC), Santander 39011, Spain. detorom@unican.es.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Toro
authors.affiliation: Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain. ysaenz@riojasalud.es.
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sáenz
authors.affiliation: Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain. carmen.torres@unirioja.es.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: BIOSCOPE group, REQUIMTE-CQFB, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University NOVA of Lisbon, 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal. jlcm@fct.unl.pt.
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Capelo
authors.affiliation: Centre of Studies of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal. ppoeta@utad.pt.
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Poeta
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal. gigrejas@utad.pt.
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Igrejas
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D015363:Quinolones