title: Comparison of Head Scatter Factor for 6MV and 10MV flattened (FB) and Unflattened (FFF) Photon Beam using indigenously Designed Columnar Mini Phantom.
abstract: To measure and compare the head scatter factor for flattened (FB) and unflattened (FFF) of 6MV and 10MV photon beam using indigenously designed mini phantom. A columnar mini phantom was designed as recommended by AAPM Task Group 74 with low and high atomic number materials at 10 cm (mini phantom) and at approximately twice the depth of maximum dose water equivalent thickness (brass build-up cap). Scatter in the accelerator (Sc) values of 6MV-FFF photon beams are lesser than that of the 6MV-FB photon beams (0.66-2.8%; Clinac iX, 2300CD) and (0.47-1.74%; True beam) for field sizes ranging from 10 × 10 cm(2) to 40 × 40 cm(2). Sc values of 10MV-FFF photon beams are lesser (0.61-2.19%; True beam) than that of the 10MV-FB photons beams for field sizes ranging from 10 × 10 cm(2) to 40 × 40 cm(2). The SSD had no influence on head scatter for both flattened and unflattened beams and irrespective of head design of the different linear accelerators. The presence of field shaping device influences the Sc values. The collimator exchange effect reveals that the opening of the upper jaw increases Sc irrespective of FB or FFF photon beams and different linear accelerators, and it is less significant in FFF beams. Sc values of 6MV-FB square field were in good agreement with that of AAPM, TG-74 published data for Varian (Clinac iX, 2300CD) accelerator. Our results confirm that the removal of flattening filter decreases in the head scatter factor compared to flattened beam. This could reduce the out-of-field dose in advanced treatment delivery techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India ; School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Sigamani
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ashokkumar
authors.affiliation: School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: N Arunai
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Nambi Raj
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Sujit Nath
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Girigesh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thiyagarajan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Kothanda
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Raman
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Manindra Bhushan
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Mishra
keywords: Flattening filter; collimator scatter factor; mini phantom