title: Modeling type II collagenopathy skeletal dysplasia by directed conversion and induced pluripotent stem cells.
abstract: Type II collagen is a major component of cartilage. Heterozygous mutations in the type II collagen gene (COL2A1) result in a group of skeletal dysplasias known as Type II collagenopathy (COL2pathy). The understanding of COL2pathy is limited by difficulties in obtaining live chondrocytes. In the present study, we converted COL2pathy patients' fibroblasts directly into induced chondrogenic (iChon) cells. The COL2pathy-iChon cells showed suppressed expression of COL2A1 and significant apoptosis. A distended endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was detected, thus suggesting the adaptation of gene expression and cell death caused by excess ER stress. Chondrogenic supplementation adversely affected the chondrogenesis due to forced elevation of COL2A1 expression, suggesting that the application of chondrogenic drugs would worsen the disease condition. The application of a chemical chaperone increased the secretion of type II collagen, and partially rescued COL2pathy-iChon cells from apoptosis, suggesting that molecular chaperons serve as therapeutic drug candidates. We next generated induced pluripotent stem cells from COL2pathy fibroblasts. Chondrogenically differentiated COL2pathy-iPS cells showed apoptosis and increased expression of ER stress-markers. Finally, we generated teratomas by transplanting COL2pathy iPS cells into immunodeficient mice. The cartilage in the teratomas showed accumulation of type II collagen within cells, a distended ER, and sparse matrix, recapitulating the patient's cartilage. These COL2pathy models will be useful for pathophysiological studies and drug screening.
authors.affiliation: Cell Induction and Regulation Field, Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Japan.
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Integrated Medicinal Sciences, RIKEN, Japan.
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ikegawa
authors.affiliation: Cell Induction and Regulation Field, Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Japan.
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morioka
authors.affiliation: Cell Induction and Regulation Field, Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, University of Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sawai
authors.affiliation: Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Murotsuki
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Genetics, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Imaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Japan and.
authors.forename: Gen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, University of Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imaizumi
authors.affiliation: Cell Induction and Regulation Field, Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Japan Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan ntsumaki@cira.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsumaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D010009:Osteochondrodysplasias / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: C499177:COL2A1 protein, human; C447413:Col2a1 protein, mouse; D024043:Collagen Type II