title: Chemical modification of graphene via hyperthermal molecular reaction.
abstract: Chemical functionalization of graphene is achieved by hyperthermal reaction with azopyridine molecular ions. The one-step, room temperature process takes place in high vacuum (10(-7) mbar) using an electrospray ion beam deposition (ES-IBD) setup. For ion surface collisions exceeding a threshold kinetic energy of 165 eV, molecular cation beams of 4,4'-azobis(pyridine) covalently attach to chemical vapor deposited (CVD) graphene. A covalent functionalization degree of 3% of the carbon atoms of graphene is reached after 3-5 h of ion exposure of 2 × 10(14) azopyridinium/cm(2) of which 50% bind covalently. This facile approach for the controlled modification of graphene extends the scope of candidate species that would not otherwise react via existing conventional methods.
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Girjesh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dubey
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Urcuyo
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abb
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rinke
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burghard
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rauschenbach
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kern