title: Urotensin-II level and its association with oxidative stress in early diabetic nephropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of end stage renal failure. Early treatment of diabetic nephropathy depends on understanding the underlying mechanisms of the disease. In this study we investigated the role of U-II in early nephropathy and ıts association with oxidative stress, paraoxonase (PON)-1 and arylesterase.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three diabetic patients with microalbuminuria, 23 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria and 25 healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. Serum total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), PON-1, arylesterase, and urotensin-II (U-II) levels were measured. Oxidative stress index (OSI) percent ratio of TOS to TAS level was accepted as OSI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum U-II levels were higher in the microalbuminuric diabetes group compared to the normoalbuminuric diabetic group and the healthy control group (p=0.009 and p=0.0001, respectively). Normoalbuminuric diabetic group's U-II levels were significantly higher compared to those of the healthy control group (p=0.0001). Correlation analysis yielded that plasma U-II levels are negatively correlated to TAS, arylesterase, and PON-1 levels (r=-0.395, p=0.001; r=-0.291, p=0.014; and r=-0.279, p=0.018, respectively) and that they had a positive correlation with OSI levels (r=0.312, p=0.008). These associations were confirmed in the multiple regression analysis. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that oxidative stress is important in the development of microalbuminuria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data of this study reveal that increased serum U-II has a role in the development of diabetic nephropathy. This effect of U-II may be related to high levels oxidative stress parameters.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Sahinbey, Gaziantep 27100, Turkey.
authors.forename: Suzan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tabur
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Sahinbey, Gaziantep 27100, Turkey. Electronic address: drhkorkmaz@yahoo.com.tr.
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Korkmaz
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, 63300 Sanliurfa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Eren
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, 63300 Sanliurfa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oğuz
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, 63300 Sanliurfa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tevfik
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sabuncu
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, 63300 Sanliurfa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nurten
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aksoy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000503:physiopathology*; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014579:Urotensins / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014579:Urotensins; C029677:urotensin II; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; C019734:arylesterase; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase
keywords: Arylesterase; Diabetic nephropathy; Oxidative stress; Paraoxonase; Urotensin-II