title: Longitudinal changes in late systolic cardiac load and serum NT-proBNP levels in healthy middle-aged Japanese men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We determined whether any significant association exists between change in late systolic cardiac load with time, estimated by radial pressure waveform analysis, and development of cardiac hemodynamic stress in individuals with preserved cardiac function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, radial augmentation index (rAI), first peak of the radial pressure waveform (SP1), systolic and pulse pressure at the second peak of the radial pressure waveform (SP2 and PP2), and serum levels of N-terminal fragment B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were measured at the start (first examination) and at the end (second examination) of this 3-year study in healthy Japanese men (n = 1,851).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that among the parameters of radial pressure waveform analysis and markers of arterial stiffness analyzed, only PP2 was significantly associated with serum NT-proBNP levels in study participants at both the first and second examinations. Furthermore, among the parameters analyzed, only change in PP2 was significantly correlated with the change in serum NT-proBNP levels during the study period (beta = 0.131, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sustained late systolic cardiac load might be a more significant determinant of the development of cardiac hemodynamic stress than sustained early systolic cardiac load or arterial stiffening in individuals with preserved cardiac function.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Japan; tomiyama@tokyo-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tomiyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishikimi
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Japan;
authors.forename: Chisa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Japan;
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Japan;
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Odaira
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Japan;
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shiina
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Japan;
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamashina
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D044466:Asian People; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013599:Systole; D013997:Time Factors; D059289:Vascular Stiffness
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain
keywords: blood pressure; cardiac hemodynamic stress; central blood pressure; hypertension; late systolic cardiac load; natriuretic peptides.