title: Multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria in frozen food (ready to cook food) of animal origin sold in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the bacterial load and antibiotic resistance pattern of bacterial isolates obtained from (ready to cook) frozen food samples of animal origin in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 20 samples of frozen ready to cook food of animal origin were purchased from different separate grocery stores in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Bacteria were isolated and identified based on the basis of biochemical properties.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 57 isolates has been isolated from 20 samples, of them 35.08% were Gram positive and 64.92% were Gram negative organisms. Highest percentages of isolated organisms were Staphylococcocus spp. (24.56%), Alcaligene spp. (17.54%), Klebshiella spp. (12.28%) and the lowest percentages of organisms were Enterococcus spp., Actinobacillus spp. and Proteus spp. Antibiogram results clearly showed that levofloxacin and imipenem were the most effective drug against the isolates. The less effective antibiotics were chloramphenicol and nalidixic acid and resistance was highest against ciprofloxacin. The most contaminated food was chicken nuggets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This type of frozen food contaminated with multi-antibiotic resistant microorganisms can be potential vehicles for transmitting food-borne diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University, Banani, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh ; Department of Microbiology, Institute of Public Health (IPH), Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Fouzia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sultana
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University, Banani, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh.
authors.lastname: Kamrunnahar
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University, Banani, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Hafsa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Afroz
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University, Banani, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh ; Department of Microbiology, Institute of Public Health (IPH), Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Afroz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jahan
authors.affiliation: Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, IFST, BCSIR, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Md
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fakruddin
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University, Banani, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Suvamoy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Datta
keywords: Animal origin; Antibiogram; Antimicrobial resistance; Food-borne disease; Frozen food; Multi-antibiotic