title: Screening of antiangiogenic potential of twenty two marine invertebrate extracts of phylum Mollusca from South East Coast of India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the antiangiogenic potential of twenty two marine invertebrate species of Phylum Mollusca from south east coast of India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Live specimens of molluscan species were collected and their methanolic extracts were evaluated for preliminary antiangiogenic activity using the in ovo chick chorio-allantoic membrane assay. The extracts were further evaluated for in vivo antiangiogenic activity using chemical cautery induced corneal neovascularization assay in rats and oxygen induced retinopathy assay in rat pups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the chick chorio-allantoic membrane assay, four methanolic extracts of marine molluscan species viz. Meretrix meretrix, Meretrix casta, Telescopium telescopium and Bursa crumena methanolic extracts exhibited noticeable antiangiogenic activity at the tested concentration of 200 µg whereby they significantly inhibited the VEGF induced proliferation of new blood vessels. Among these four extracts, the methanolic extract of Meretrix casta exhibited relatively higher degree of antiangiogenic activity with an inhibitiory percentage (64.63%) of the VEGF induced neovascularization followed by the methanolic extracts of Telescopium telescopium (62.02%), Bursa crumena (60.48%) and Meretrix meretrix (47.01%). These four methanolic extracts were further evaluated for in vivo antiangiogenic activity whereby the methanolic extract of Telescopium telescopium exhibited most noticeable inhibition (42.58%) of the corneal neovascularization in rats in comparison to the sham treated group, and also exhibited most noticeable inhibition (31.31%) of the oxygen induced retinal neovascularization in rat pups in comparison to the hyperoxia group that was observed for considerable retinal neovascularization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The significant antiangiogenic activity evinced by the extract of Telescopium telescopium merits further investigation for ocular neovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India.
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Centre for Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Muthuvel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arumugam
authors.affiliation: Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India.
authors.forename: Raj Vardhan
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Azad
authors.affiliation: Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India.
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.affiliation: Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India.
authors.forename: Supriyo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghose
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India.
authors.forename: Nihar Ranjan
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.affiliation: Department of Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India.
authors.forename: Thirumurthy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Velpandian
keywords: Antiangiogenic; CAM; Cautery; Marine invertebrate; Mollusca; Retinopathy