title: Flavonoid profiles of immature and mature fruit tissues of Citrus grandis Osbeck (Dangyuja) and overall contribution to the antioxidant effect.
abstract: Citrus fruits are a valuable functional food and their peel is used in East Asian folk medicine. In this study, the polar components of the fruit tissues of Citrus grandis Osbeck were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and compared with reported data. Among the 13 characterized compounds, eight flavonoids and one coumarin were identified for the first time in fruit tissues. The total amount of the identified components was the largest for the immature fruit peel, followed by mature fruit peel, mature fruit flesh, and immature fruit flesh. Naringin (2) and neohesperidin (3) were particularly rich in all samples. The antioxidant activity of the flavonoids extracted from fruit tissues increased in a dose-dependent manner. The activity of the fruit peels was significantly higher than that of the fruit flesh. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Ae
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Gon-Sup
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ji Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Semin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Soo Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jae Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abd El-Aty
authors.forename: Jae-Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Sung Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Citrus grandis; Dangyuja; LC/MS/MS; antioxidant effect; flavonoids