title: Dual Cry2Ab and Vip3A resistant strains of Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa punctigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); testing linkage between loci and monitoring of allele frequencies.
abstract: Considerable attention has been given to delaying the evolution of insect resistance to toxins produced by transgenic crops. The major pests of cotton in Australia are the Lepidoptera Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner, 1805) and Helicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren), and the toxins deployed in current and imminent transgenic cotton varieties are Cry1Ac, Cry2Ab and Vip3A from Bacillus thuringiensis. In this study, lines that carry alleles conferring resistance to Cry2Ab and Vip3A were isolated using F2 tests. Extensive work on the Cry2Ab resistant lines, and preliminary work on the Vip3A resistant lines, suggested a single common resistance to each toxin in both species thereby justifying the use of more efficient F1 tests as the primary means for monitoring changes over time. A potential further efficiency could be gained by developing a single resistant line that carries both types of Bt resistance. Herein we report on work with both H. armigera and H. punctigera that tests whether dual Cry2Ab-Vip3A resistant lines can be developed and, if so, whether they can be used to effectively monitor resistance frequencies. Furthermore, the creation of dual resistant lines allowed linkage between the Cry2Ab and Vip3A resistances to be investigated for H. punctigera. We show that dual resistant lines can be used to increase the efficiency of the F1 screen for recessive alleles, and that in H. punctigera there is no linkage between Cry2Ab and Vip3A resistance.
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Downes
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gascoyne
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Mahon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004731:Endotoxins; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D009036:Moths / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004731:Endotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; C447139:Vip3A protein, Bacillus thuringiensis; C030956:insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis