title: Dyslipidemia patterns among Hispanics/Latinos of diverse background in the United States.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence and determinants of dyslipidemia patterns among Hispanics/Latinos are not well known.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lipid and lipoprotein data were used from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos—a population-based cohort of 16,415 US Hispanic/Latinos ages 18-74 years. National Cholesterol Education Program cutoffs were employed. Differences in demographics, lifestyle factors, and biological and acculturation characteristics were compared among those with and without dyslipidemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age was 41.1 years, and 47.9% were male. The overall prevalence of any dyslipidemia was 65.0%. The prevalence of elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was 36.0%, and highest among Cubans (44.5%; P < .001). Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was present in 41.4% and did not significantly differ across Hispanic background groups (P = .09). High triglycerides were seen in 14.8% of Hispanics/Latinos, most commonly among Central Americans (18.3%; P < .001). Elevated non-HDL-C was seen in 34.7%, with the highest prevalence among Cubans (43.3%; P < .001). Dominicans consistently had a lower prevalence of most types of dyslipidemia. In multivariate analyses, the presence of any dyslipidemia was associated with increasing age, body mass index, and low physical activity. Older age, female sex, diabetes, low physical activity, and alcohol use were associated with specific dyslipidemia types. Spanish-language preference and lower educational status were associated with higher dyslipidemia prevalence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dyslipidemia is highly prevalent among US Hispanics/Latinos; Cubans seem particularly at risk. Determinants of dyslipidemia varied across Hispanic backgrounds, with socioeconomic status and acculturation having a significant effect on dyslipidemia prevalence. This information can help guide public health measures to prevent disparities among the US Hispanic/Latino population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC. Electronic address: crodrigu@wakehealth.edu.
authors.forename: Carlos J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Ill.
authors.forename: Martha L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Daviglus
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
authors.forename: Katrina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Swett
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Michigan State University, East Lansing.
authors.forename: Hector M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: González
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, San Diego State, Calif.
authors.forename: Linda C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, Albert Einstein School of Medicine, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wassertheil-Smoller
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill.
authors.forename: Aida L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Giachello
authors.affiliation: Departments of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
authors.forename: Yanping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Miami University, Fla.
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schneiderman
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, Calif.
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Talavera
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, Albert Einstein School of Medicine, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kaplan
mesh_terms: D000069:Acculturation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000208:ethnology; D002489:Central America / Q000208:ethnology; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D015897:Comorbidity; D003462:Cuba / Q000208:ethnology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000208:ethnology; D004293:Dominican Republic / Q000208:ethnology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000208:ethnology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology*; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D050177:Overweight / Q000208:ethnology; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Dyslipidemia; Epidemiology; Hispanics; Lipids; Race-ethnic