title: Impact of lingual gyrus volume on antidepressant response and neurocognitive functions in Major Depressive Disorder: a voxel-based morphometry study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) has demonstrated structural brain changes between patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and healthy individuals. The initial response to antidepressants is crucial to predict prognosis in the treatment of MDD. The aim of the present study was to investigate gray matter abnormalities predicting antidepressant responsiveness and the relationships between volumetric differences and clinical/cognitive traits in MDD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty MDD patients who received 8 week period antidepressant treatment and 29 healthy controls participated in this study. VBM was applied to assess structural changes between MDD groups and control group. Neuropsychological tests were conducted on all participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both treatment responsive and non-responsive patients showed a significant volume reduction of the left insular, but only non-responsive patients had decreased volume in the right superior frontal gyrus compared to healthy controls. The comparison between treatment responsive and non-responsive patient groups demonstrated a significant difference in gray matter volume in the lingual gyrus. The larger volume of lingual gryus predicted early antidepressant response, which was attributable to better performance in neuropsychological tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study included a small sample size and the patients received various antidepressants and benzodiazepines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that the patients who responded poorly to antidepressants were morphologically and cognitively impaired, whereas the treatment responsive patients showed less structural changes and relatively preserved cognitive functions. The lingual gyrus may be a possible candidate region to predict antidepressant responsiveness and maintained cognition in MDD.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: JeYoung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: June
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-Dong 5-ga, Sungbuk-Ku, Seoul 136-705, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eunsoo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Won
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kichun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Soo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Institute, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, South Korea. Electronic address: wstae@kangwon.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Woo Suk
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Tae
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-Dong 5-ga, Sungbuk-Ku, Seoul 136-705, South Korea. Electronic address: hambj@chol.com.
authors.forename: Byung-Joo
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Ham
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003071:Cognition; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000473:pathology; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000473:pathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents
keywords: Antidepressant responsiveness; Cognitive function; Lingual gyrus; Major Depressive Disorder (MDD); Voxel-based morphometry (VBM)