title: Impact of a snail pellet on the phytoavailability of different metals to cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.).
abstract: FePO4 based molluscicides (snail pellets) also contain a chelating agent. The influence of the chelating agent, which is intrinsically present in the molluscicide, on the phytoavailability of other metals present in the growth medium was investigated in the present study. Cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus) were grown in a hydroponic nutrient solution and exposed for one week to different metals in combination with a chelating agent containing molluscicide. Oven dried roots and shoots of plants were HNO 3/H2O2 microwave digested and analysed regarding total Fe, stable isotopic (54)Fe, Cd, Pb, and Bi concentrations using ICP-MS. The results showed that the addition of a chelating agent enhances the Fe phytoavailability to the plant, whether as an intrinsic part of the molluscicide or added individually. Additionally, the chelating agent present in the pesticide mobilises externally added metals and thus increases their phytoavailability. In particular the significantly higher Cd concentration in shoots from plants exposed to chelating agents indicates a potentially detrimental environmental effect.
authors.affiliation: TESLA-Trace Element Speciation Laboratory, College of Physical Sciences - Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, UK. s.freitag11@aberdeen.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Freitag
authors.forename: Eva M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Krupp
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raab
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feldmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018553:Cucumis sativus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis*; D008975:Molluscacides / Q000633:toxicity*; D012908:Snails; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D008975:Molluscacides; D012989:Soil Pollutants