title: Immunomodulatory effectiveness of licofelone in preventing epidural fibrosis in post-laminectomy rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The object of this study was to investigate the effects of licofelone on the prevention of epidural fibrosis (EF) formation in post-laminectomy rat models.
  
  
  METHODS
  A controlled double-blinded study was conducted in sixty, healthy adult Wistar rats that underwent laminectomy at the L1-L2 vertebrae levels. All the rats were divided randomly into three groups according to the treatment (via oral gavage): (1) licofelone treatment group; (2) vehicle treatment group; (3) sham group (laminectomy without treatment). All rats were euthanized humanely 4 weeks postoperatively. The macroscopic assessment of EF, hydroxyproline content in epidural scar tissue, histological analysis, and the mRNA measurements of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-β1 were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Rydell score, hydroxyproline content, epidural scar density, and inflammatory factors expressions all suggested better results in licofelone group than the other two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The application of licofelone could reduce hydroxyproline deposits, inflammatory factors expressions and prevent epidural adhesions in post-laminectomy rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jinmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Rongbin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Peizhen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lv
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004824:Epidural Space / Q000473:pathology*; D055111:Failed Back Surgery Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005355:Fibrosis; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006909:Hydroxyproline / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics; D007796:Laminectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008297:Male; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011758:Pyrroles; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; C088092:licofelone; D006909:Hydroxyproline