title: High-mobility group box-1 protein in adenine-induced chronic renal failure and the influence of gum arabic thereon.
abstract: Pathogenesis of adenine-induced chronic renal failure may involve inflammatory, immunological and/or oxidant mechanisms. Gum arabic (GA) is a complex polysaccharide that acts as an anti-oxidant which can modulate inflammatory and/or immunological processes. Therefore, we tested here the effect of GA treatment (15 % in the drinking water for 4 weeks) in plasma and urine of rats, on a novel cytokine that has been shown to be pro-inflammatory, viz, DNA-binding high-mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1). Adenine (0.75 % in the feed, 4 weeks) significantly increased indoxyl sulphate, urea and creatinine concentrations in plasma, and significantly decreased the creatinine clearance. GA significantly abated these effects. The concentrations of HMGB1 in urine before the start of the experiment were similar in all four groups. However, 24 h after the last treatment, adenine treatment increased significantly the concentration of HMGB1 when compared with the control. GA treatment did not affect the HMGB1 concentration in urine. Moreover, the concentration of HMGB1 in plasma obtained 24 h after the last treatment in rats treated with adenine was drastically reduced compared with the control group. This may explain its significant rise in urine. In conclusion, HMGB1 can be considered a potentially useful biomarker in adenine induced CRF and its treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE. anemmar@uaeu.ac.ae, anemmar@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al Za'abi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al Shukaili
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nemmar
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006170:Gum Arabic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D007200:Indican / Q000097:blood; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; C104200:Hbp1 protein, rat; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D014508:Urea; D006170:Gum Arabic; D003404:Creatinine; D000225:Adenine; D007200:Indican