title: Evaluation of etoxazole against insects and acari in vegetables in China.
abstract: Etoxazole, 2-(2,6-difluorophenyl-4-[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-ethoxy-phenyl]-4,5-dihydrooxazole, an organofluorine chitin synthesis inhibitor, was assayed for its bioactivities against several major insect and acarus pests and compared to several other pesticides: two chitin synthesis inhibitors, hexaflumuron and chlorfluazuron; a pyrethroid, permethrin; an organophosphate, acephate; a carboximide, hexythiazox; and a tetrazine, clofentezine. The LC50 of etoxazole was calculated using probit analysis of the concentration-dependent mortality data against susceptible and resistant strains of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Plutellidae); bean aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae); and carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) Boudreaux (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae). The resistant strains were found to be resistant against all tested pesticides except etoxazole. The bioactivity of etoxazole was many times that of the other tested insecticides and acaricides widely used in vegetable crops in China. On the basis of our research, etoxazole can be expected to be extensively used on vegetable crops in China.
authors.affiliation: 1 Key Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and Application, MOA, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yongqiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xingcun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: Xinling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Qingmin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D056810:Acaricides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001042:Aphids / Q000187:drug effects*; D002681:China; D004351:Drug Resistance; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008925:Mites / Q000187:drug effects*; D009036:Moths / Q000187:drug effects*; D010080:Oxazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018411:Spodoptera / Q000187:drug effects*; D040102:Tetranychidae / Q000187:drug effects*; D014675:Vegetables / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D056810:Acaricides; D007306:Insecticides; D010080:Oxazoles; C508136:etoxazole
keywords: acaricide/insecticide alternative; bioactivity; insect growth regulator. susceptible strain; resistant strain