title: Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers for the cleistogamous species Lamium amplexicaule (Lamiaceae).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lamium amplexicaule is a cleistogamous plant that produces both closed flowers (obligately self-pollinated) and open flowers (potentially outcrossed). The conditions for the maintenance of such a mating system depend on the outcrossing rate of the open flowers, which can be estimated using neutral microsatellite markers. •
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty primer pairs corresponding to microsatellite motifs obtained by coupling multiplex microsatellite enrichment and next-generation sequencing were tested. Thirteen primers amplified with satisfying results. The polymorphism of these markers was studied in four French populations. Allele number varied from one to eight per locus and per population. Heterozygosity levels were significantly lower than those expected under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. •
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results are consistent with a partial self-fertilization pattern. These markers will be used to estimate the outcrossing rate as well as population differentiation in L. amplexicaule.
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), UMR 5175 (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique [CNRS], Université Montpellier 2), 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France ; Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution-Montpellier (ISE-M), UMR 5554 (CNRS, Université Montpellier 2), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France.
authors.forename: Bojana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stojanova
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), UMR 5175 (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique [CNRS], Université Montpellier 2), 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Pierre
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Dubois
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution-Montpellier (ISE-M), UMR 5554 (CNRS, Université Montpellier 2), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France.
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maurice
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), UMR 5175 (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique [CNRS], Université Montpellier 2), 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France.
authors.forename: Pierre-Olivier
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Cheptou
keywords: Lamiaceae; Lamium amplexicaule; cleistogamy; microsatellite markers; outcrossing rate