title: Suckling behavior in Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx L.) cubs: characteristics and correlation with competitive interactions.
abstract: There is substantial evidence in the literature that the offspring of many mammal species prefer a particular pair of nipples. There is also a definite "nipple order" in individual litters in which each young predominantly uses one or two particular nipples. In combination with early competitive interactions, such "constancy" can play an important role in the social development of the young. In this study, we reveal an unequal use of different pairs of mothers' nipples by 42 Eurasian lynx cubs in 16 litters and investigate the relationship of this phenomenon with the early competitive interactions of the cubs and their physical development. For the lynx cubs, the most often used pair of nipples is the middle pair. There is also definite "nipple order" in each litter. We found a negative correlation between nipples use by the offspring and their competitive activity. No influence of "nipple order" on the cubs' growth rate was detected.
authors.affiliation: Moscow zoo, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Alla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Glukhova
authors.forename: Sergey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naidenko
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000833:Animals, Suckling / Q000502:physiology*; D000836:Animals, Zoo / Q000254:growth & development*; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D003163:Competitive Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D046008:Lynx / Q000254:growth & development*; D009558:Nipples; D019370:Observation; D012426:Russia; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
keywords: competitive interactions; lynx; nipple order; suckling performance