title: Adrenal chromaffin cells do not swell when exposed to nanosecond electric pulses.
abstract: High intensity, nanosecond duration electric pulses (NEPs) permeabilize plasma membranes causing osmotic cell swelling that can elicit a wide variety of cellular effects. This study examined the possibility that cell swelling is the mechanism by which 5 ns NEPs trigger the release of catecholamines from neuroendocrine adrenal chromaffin cells. Swelling was assessed by comparing measurements of cell area obtained from bright field images of the cells before and at 10s intervals following exposure of the cells to 5 ns pulses at a field intensity of 5-6 MV/m. The results indicated that chromaffin cells do not swell in response to a single pulse or a train of ten pulses delivered at repetition frequencies of 10 Hz and 1 kHz. Swelling was also not observed in response to a train of 50 pulses whereas Jurkat T lymphoblast cell area increased 15% on average under the same NEP exposure conditions. These results demonstrating that chromaffin cells do not undergo swelling when exposed to 5 ns NEPs have important implications regarding the mechanism by which these pulses stimulate the release of catecholamines from these cells, namely that catecholamine secretion is most likely not caused by cell swelling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557-0318, United States. Electronic address: gcraviso@medicine.nevada.edu.
authors.forename: Gale L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Craviso
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557-0260, United States. Electronic address: christafisher8@aol.com.
authors.forename: Christa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557-0260, United States. Electronic address: indira@unr.edu.
authors.forename: Indira
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chatterjee
authors.affiliation: Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, United States. Electronic address: pvernier@odu.edu.
authors.forename: P Thomas
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Vernier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D048429:Cell Size / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019439:Chromaffin Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D007038:Hypotonic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D007038:Hypotonic Solutions
keywords: Cell swelling; Chromaffin cells; Jurkat cells; Membrane permeabilization; Nanosecond pulse