title: Non-invasive urine collection in the female southern hairy-nosed wombat (Lasiorhinus latifrons) with the aid of classical conditioning.
abstract: We propose that regular urine samples can be used to monitor and characterize the reproductive cycle of the wombat, but this approach has never before been attempted in a marsupial. We conducted a three stage conditioning process for non-invasive urine collection in captive female wombats, which included (1) initial habituation and observation of urination patterns; (2) classical association of a stimulus with urination and (3) urine collection with the classically-conditioned stimulus. Four of the five female wombats selected for this trial were successfully conditioned for urine collection. During stage 2, the animals urinated in response to tactile stimulation 96 times from 208 attempts (46%). In stage 3, urine was successfully collected 399 times from 485 attempts (82%), with the majority of samples being collected in the morning (280/388). Hand-raised females that were previously conditioned for toileting purposes as pouch young responded more rapidly to the stimulus than juvenile females with no prior conditioning. This study is the first description of a successful method of urine collection by classical conditioning in a marsupial.
authors.affiliation: Wildlife Science Unit, School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia; Centre of Animal Welfare and Ethics, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia.
authors.forename: Alyce M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Swinbourne
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: Clive J C
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Johnston
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D008394:Marsupialia / Q000502:physiology* / Q000652:urine; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology*; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology*; D059349:Urine Specimen Collection / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*
keywords: captive; marsupial; reproduction; training