title: Alpha and gamma oscillations characterize feedback and feedforward processing in monkey visual cortex.
abstract: Cognitive functions rely on the coordinated activity of neurons in many brain regions, but the interactions between cortical areas are not yet well understood. Here we investigated whether low-frequency (α) and high-frequency (γ) oscillations characterize different directions of information flow in monkey visual cortex. We recorded from all layers of the primary visual cortex (V1) and found that γ-waves are initiated in input layer 4 and propagate to the deep and superficial layers of cortex, whereas α-waves propagate in the opposite direction. Simultaneous recordings from V1 and downstream area V4 confirmed that γ- and α-waves propagate in the feedforward and feedback direction, respectively. Microstimulation in V1 elicited γ-oscillations in V4, whereas microstimulation in V4 elicited α-oscillations in V1, thus providing causal evidence for the opposite propagation of these rhythms. Furthermore, blocking NMDA receptors, thought to be involved in feedback processing, suppressed α while boosting γ. These results provide new insights into the relation between brain rhythms and cognition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vision and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; p.roelfsema@nin.knaw.nl t.van.kerkoerle@nin.knaw.nl.
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van Kerkoerle
authors.affiliation: Department of Vision and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Self
authors.affiliation: Department of Vision and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dagnino
authors.affiliation: Department of Vision and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
authors.forename: Marie-Alice
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gariel-Mathis
authors.affiliation: Department of Vision and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
authors.forename: Jasper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Poort
authors.affiliation: Department of Vision and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van der Togt
authors.affiliation: Department of Vision and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Psychiatry Department, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands p.roelfsema@nin.knaw.nl t.van.kerkoerle@nin.knaw.nl.
authors.forename: Pieter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Roelfsema
mesh_terms: D018750:6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D025461:Feedback, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D008251:Macaca; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D012201:Reward; D014633:Valine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D018750:6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; C056639:2-amino-5-phosphopentanoic acid; D014633:Valine
keywords: Granger causality; attention; neuronal synchronization; perceptual organization; phase coherence