title: Markers of a recent bocavirus infection in children with Kawasaki disease: "a year prospective study".
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Retrospective studies and case-reports have suggested the possible role of various viruses in the pathogenesis of the Kawasaki disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine prospectively the incidence of Kawasaki diseases associated with a recent bocavirus infection in the course of a year.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two children with Kawasaki disease were enrolled in a 13 months prospective study to assess the frequency of human bocavirus type 1 infections. Seasonal shedding of virus, markers of recent infection such as viraemia, viral load, and serum interferon alpha were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three of 32 (9%) children had HBoV-DNA in the serum suggesting a recent infection. HBoV-DNA was detected in naso-pharyngeal aspiration of 7/32 (21.8%) children with Kawasaki Disease and six of them (18%) had an increased viral load. No common respiratory viruses were isolated from the 32 patients with the exception of one adenovirus. The seven bocaviruses were identified during the winter-spring season. In addition, 4 of 7 of Kawasaki disease patients shedding bocavirus had detectable interferon alpha in the blood, indicating a possible active or recent viral infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that a recent bocavirus infection is concomitant with the onset of some cases of Kawasaki disease. Bocavirus may be a cofactor in the pathogenesis of this disease as previously reported for other infectious agents.
authors.affiliation: M3C-Necker, hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, 12, rue de l'École de Médecine, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bajolle
authors.affiliation: EA 1833, service de virologie, hôpital Cochin-Saint-Vincent-de-Paul, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75679 Paris cedex 14, France.
authors.forename: J-F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Meritet
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Descartes, 12, rue de l'École de Médecine, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France; EA 1833, service de virologie, hôpital Cochin-Saint-Vincent-de-Paul, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75679 Paris cedex 14, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rozenberg
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Descartes, 12, rue de l'École de Médecine, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France; Services de pédiatrie, hôpitaux Saint-Vincent-de-Paul et Necker-Enfants-Malades, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chalumeau
authors.affiliation: M3C-Necker, hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, 12, rue de l'École de Médecine, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bonnet
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Descartes, 12, rue de l'École de Médecine, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France; Services de pédiatrie, hôpitaux Saint-Vincent-de-Paul et Necker-Enfants-Malades, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gendrel
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Descartes, 12, rue de l'École de Médecine, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France; EA 1833, service de virologie, hôpital Cochin-Saint-Vincent-de-Paul, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75679 Paris cedex 14, France. Electronic address: pflebon2@wanadoo.fr.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lebon
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D056661:Human bocavirus / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009080:Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D010322:Parvoviridae Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004279:DNA, Viral; D016898:Interferon-alpha
keywords: Bocavirus; Interferon; Interféron; Kawasaki disease; Maladie de Kawasaki; Vascularite; Vasculitis; Viraemia; Virémie