title: Phylogenetic and Comparative Sequence Analysis of Thermostable Alpha Amylases of kingdom Archea, Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
abstract: Alpha amylase family is generally defined as a group of enzymes that can hydrolyse and transglycosylase α-(1, 4) or α-(1, 6) glycosidic bonds along with the preservation of anomeric configuration. For the comparative analysis of alpha amylase family, nucleotide sequences of seven thermo stable organisms of Kingdom Archea i.e. Pyrococcus furiosus (100-105°C), Kingdom Prokaryotes i.e. Bacillus licheniformis (90-95°C), Geobacillus stearothermophilus (75°C), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (72°C), Bacillus subtilis (70°C) and Bacillus KSM K38 (55°C) and Eukaryotes i.e. Aspergillus oryzae (60°C) were selected from NCBI. Primary structure composition analysis and Conserved sequence analysis were conducted through Bio Edit tools. Results from BioEdit shown only three conserved regions of base pairs and least similarity in MSA of the above mentioned alpha amylases. In Mega 5.1 Phylogeny of thermo stable alpha amylases of Kingdom Archea, Prokaryotes and Eukaryote was handled by Neighbor-Joining (NJ) algorithm. Mega 5.1 phylogenetic results suggested that alpha amylases of thermo stable organisms i.e. Pyrococcus furiosus (100-105°C), Bacillus licheniformis (90-95°C), Geobacillus stearothermophilus (75°C) and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (72°C) are more distantly related as compared to less thermo stable organisms. By keeping in mind the characteristics of most thermo stable alpha amylases novel and improved features can be introduced in less thermo stable alpha amylases so that they become more thermo tolerant and productive for industry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University (GCUF), 38000, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Tayyaba
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huma
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University (GCUF), 38000, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Arooma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maryam
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Sciences, University of Agriculture (UAF), 38000, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shahid Ur
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Rehman
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University (GCUF), 38000, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Tahir Ul
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Qamar
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University (GCUF), 38000, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Tayyaba
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shaheen
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University (GCUF), 38000, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Asma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haque
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University (GCUF), 38000, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Bushra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shaheen
keywords: Alpha amylase; Kingdom archea; Phylogenetic analysis; Thermo stable