title: Copy number variation of GSTT1 and GSTM1 and the risk of prostate cancer in a Caribbean population of African descent.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Deletions of the glutathione S-transferase genes M1 and T1 (GSTM1 and GSTT1) have been studied as potential risk factors for prostate cancer. Conflicting results have been obtained. Moreover, most such studies could not discriminate heterozygous from homozygous carriers of the non-deleted alleles.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether copy number variation (CNV) of the GSTM1 and/or GSTT1 genes contribute to the risk of prostate cancer in the Caribbean population of African descent of Guadeloupe.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a population-based case-control study, we compared 629 prostate cancer patients and 622 control subjects. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Exact copy numbers of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were determined by real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A higher copy number of GSTM1 was marginally associated with prostate cancer risk. Men with 2 and 3 or more GSTT1 genes were at higher risk of prostate cancer (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.11-2.16 and OR: 4.89, 95% CI: 1.71-13.99, respectively; P(trend)<0.001). Men with 3, 4 and 5 or more copies of both GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes were at higher risk of prostate cancer (OR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.21-3.91, OR: 3.24, 95% CI: 1.63-6.46, and OR: 5.77, 95% CI: 1.40-23.84, respectively; P(trend)<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Copy number of GSTT1 and combined GSTM1/GSTT1 appear to be associated with prostate cancer risk in our population study with gene dose relationship. Our results support the hypothesis that variations in copy number of GSTT1 modulate the risk of prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1085, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l'Environnement et le Travail (IRSET), Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Elise
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Emeville
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1134, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France.
authors.forename: Cédric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Broquère
authors.affiliation: Service d'Urologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Pointe à Pitre, Pointe à Pitre, Guadeloupe, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brureau
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1134, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France.
authors.forename: Séverine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferdinand
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1085, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l'Environnement et le Travail (IRSET), Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France; Service d'Urologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Pointe à Pitre, Pointe à Pitre, Guadeloupe, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Blanchet
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1085, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l'Environnement et le Travail (IRSET), Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Multigner
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1134, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Romana
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics*; D017691:Caribbean Region / Q000208:ethnology; D056915:DNA Copy Number Variations; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1