title: Three-dimensional analysis of the cranio-cervico-mandibular complex during piano performance.
abstract: Piano players, as well as other musicians, spend a long time training to achieve the best results, sometimes adopting unnatural body positions that may cause musculoskeletal pain. This paper presents the preliminary results of a study targeting the analysis of the head and cervical postures of 17 piano players during musical performance. It was found, as a common feature, that the players tilt the head to the right and forward towards the score and keyboard. Players who know the score by heart tend to move their heads more compared to the ones who have to keep their eyes on the score.
authors.affiliation: Fac. de Medicina Dentária, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal. Tel +351 934481115, fax +351 220901101. mclemente@fmd.up.pt.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clemente
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lourenço
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coimbra
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gabriel
authors.forename: Jc
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pinho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017271:Craniomandibular Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D012090:Cumulative Trauma Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D009146:Music; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011174:Portugal; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult