title: Meta-analysis of assay sensitivity and study features in clinical trials of pharmacologic treatments for osteoarthritis pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify patient, study, and site factors associated with assay sensitivity in clinical trials of pharmacologic treatments for osteoarthritis (OA) pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined associations between study characteristics and the standardized effect size (SES) in a database of 171 publicly available randomized clinical trials of pharmacologic treatment for OA pain. The included trials 1) evaluated oral, topical, or transdermal treatments, 2) had treatment durations of ≥7 days, 3) used parallel-group or crossover designs, 4) included patients with OA of the knee, hip, and/or hand, and 5) were placebo controlled and double blind. Crossover trials were excluded, because complete information was available for only 2 of 20 treatment conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was considerable heterogeneity in the SES among the examined trials. A multiple meta-regression analysis indicated that trials with shorter treatment period durations and those that did not permit concomitant analgesics had significantly greater assay sensitivity. In univariate analyses of efficacious treatments, trials conducted outside North America and those with a minimum baseline pain intensity score (as defined by the inclusion criterion) of ≥40 (0-100 scale) had a significantly larger SES, although these relationships were not significant in the multiple meta-regression analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The analyses examined potentially modifiable correlates of study SES and showed that longer treatment durations and allowing concomitant analgesics in randomized clinical trials of OA pain are associated with reduced assay sensitivity. These data provide a foundation for investigating strategies to improve assay sensitivity and thereby decrease the likelihood of false-negative outcomes in randomized clinical trials of efficacious treatments for OA pain.
authors.affiliation: University of Rochester, Rochester, New York.
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Dworkin
authors.forename: Dennis C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Turk
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peirce-Sandner
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.forename: Marc C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hochberg
authors.forename: Joanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.forename: Nathaniel P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Allison H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Tuhina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Neogi
authors.forename: Bob A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Rappaport
authors.forename: Lee S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Vibeke
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Strand
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000188:drug therapy; D015207:Osteoarthritis, Hip / Q000188:drug therapy*; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome