title: Serum and urinary selenium levels in obese children: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine serum and urinary selenium (Se) levels in children with and without obesity, and to assess if Se influences the risk of obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  High-resolution-continuum source-atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-AAS) was used to determine the content of Se in 80 children (age 6-17; 40 boys, 40 girls). Correlations between variables were tested with the use of Spearman's correlation coefficient. U Mann-Whitney test was applied to assess the difference of Se contents in samples. Measured metabolic risk factors (blood pressure, glucose level, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and total cholesterol), age, gender, and BMI were correlated. Logistic regression models were fitted to identify predictors of obesity interacting with selenium content in serum and urine, separately.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Obese children, regardless of gender, had lower Se content. Se level in serum (p=0.001, OR 0.74, 95%CI 0.62-0.88) and total cholesterol (p=0.001, OR 1.19, 95%CI 1.08-1.31) were the independent factors significantly influencing the risk of obesity in children. Two separate models were observed for Se in urine: (i) Se level (p<0. 0001, OR 0.70, 95%CI 0.58-0.84) and glucose level (p<0.0001, OR 1.22, 95%CI 1.10-1.35), and (ii) Se level (p=0.002, OR 0.60 95%CI 0.43-0.83) and total cholesterol level (p=0.003, OR 1.16, 95%CI 1.05-1.28).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study suggests a possible role of Se in obesity. Further research needs to be performed to check if obese children are an at-risk group for Se deficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Poland. Electronic address: anna.blazewicz@am.lublin.pl.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Błażewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klatka
authors.affiliation: Pomeranian University, Biology and Environmental Protection Institute, Environmental Chemistry Research Unit, Słupsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Astel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Izabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Korona-Glowniak
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dolliver
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Szwerc
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Ryszard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kocjan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D012643:Selenium / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D012643:Selenium
keywords: Childhood obesity, Body fluids; HR-CS-AAS; Selenium