title: Vaccine protection of leukopenic mice against Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection.
abstract: The risk for Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection (BSI) is increased in immunocompromised individuals, including patients with hematologic malignancy and/or chemotherapy. Due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, designated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), staphylococcal BSI in cancer patients is associated with high mortality; however, neither a protective vaccine nor pathogen-specific immunotherapy is currently available. Here, we modeled staphylococcal BSI in leukopenic CD-1 mice that had been treated with cyclophosphamide, a drug for leukemia and lymphoma patients. Cyclophosphamide-treated mice were highly sensitive to S. aureus BSI and developed infectious lesions lacking immune cell infiltrates. Virulence factors of S. aureus that are key for disease establishment in immunocompetent hosts-α-hemolysin (Hla), iron-regulated surface determinants (IsdA and IsdB), coagulase (Coa), and von Willebrand factor binding protein (vWbp)-are dispensable for the pathogenesis of BSI in leukopenic mice. In contrast, sortase A mutants, which cannot assemble surface proteins, display delayed time to death and increased survival in this model. A vaccine with four surface antigens (ClfA, FnBPB, SdrD, and SpAKKAA), which was identified by genetic vaccinology using sortase A mutants, raised antigen-specific immune responses that protected leukopenic mice against staphylococcal BSI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rauch
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Portia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gough
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Hwan Keun
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schneewind
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA dmissiak@bsd.uchicago.edu.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Missiakas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000633:toxicity; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D007970:Leukopenia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D051379:Mice; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013209:Staphylococcal Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D013209:Staphylococcal Vaccines; D003520:Cyclophosphamide