title: Is bone tenderness, as measured by manual algometry, associated with vitamin D deficiency?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the relationship between serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25[OH]D3) and pressure-pain thresholds, as measured by algometer, in advance of a main study to determine whether PPT is a potentially cost-effective proxy measure of 25[OH]D3 status in the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cross-sectional pilot study involved a convenience sample of twenty-two subjects (10 males, 12 females), aged 18 to 67 years. All subjects consented to three trials of pressure-pain threshold readings on both tibiae and the manubrium. Serum 25[OH]D3 levels were determined from blood samples drawn post-algometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average pressure pain thresholds were 14.92 (±6.03), 15.07(±6.07), 11.10 (±6.68) for the left and right tibia and sternum, respectively. The stability between the measurements was very high with the interclass correlation coefficient (95% CI) calculated as 0.94 (0.62-1.00), 0.9 (0.81-1.00), 0.96(0.93-1.00). The Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.03 for the left tibia, 0.17 for the right tibia and 0.20 for the sternum, J Dresser, M MacIntyre, B Chisholm, GE Lawson showing a negligible correlation for the left and right tibia, but a low positive correlation for the sternum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We did not find preliminary evidence of a strong or otherwise clinically meaningful correlation between bone tenderness and manual algometry in this pilot study. Only a weak linear relationship between PPT in the sternum and serum 25[OH]D3 concentrations was found. Replication of this study is warranted in larger and more representative study populations of interest. Discussion on a number of feasibility issues is provided to inform those future studies.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Sciences Resident, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, 6100 Leslie Street, North York, Ontario M2H 3J1.
authors.forename: Jocelyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dresser
authors.affiliation: Private practice.
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: MacIntyre
authors.affiliation: Private practice.
authors.forename: Brittney
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chisholm
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, 6100 Leslie Street, North York, Ontario M2H 3J1.
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Lawson
keywords: algometry; pain; vitamin D