title: Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N8) in domestic poultry and its relationship with migratory birds in South Korea during 2014.
abstract: Highly pathogenic H5N8 avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) were introduced into South Korea during 2014, thereby caused outbreaks in wild birds and poultry farms. During the 2014 outbreak, H5N8 HPAIVs were isolated from 38 wild birds and 200 poultry farms (up to May 8, 2014). To better understand the introduction of these viruses and their relationships with wild birds and poultry farm, we analyzed the genetic sequences and available epidemiological data related to the viruses. Genetic analysis of 37 viruses isolated from wild birds and poultry farms showed that all of the isolates belonged to clade 2.3.4.6 of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene, but comprised two distinct groups. During the initial stage of the outbreak, identical isolates from each group were found in wild birds and poultry farms near Donglim Reservoir, which is a resting site for migratory birds, thereby indicating that two types of H5N8 HPAIVs were introduced into the lake at the same time. Interestingly, the one group of H5N8 HPAIV predominated around Donglim Reservoir, and the predominant virus was dispersed by wild birds among the migratory bird habitats in the western region of South Korea as time passed, and it was also detected in nearby poultry farms. Furthermore, compared with the results of the annual AIV surveillance of captured wild birds, which has been performed since 2008, more HPAIVs were isolated and H5 sero-prevalence was also detected during the 2014 outbreak. Overall, our results strongly suggest that migratory birds played a key role in the introduction and spread of viruses during the initial stage of the 2014 outbreak.
authors.affiliation: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi, Gyeonggido 430-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jipseol
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi, Gyeonggido 430-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Mi
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi, Gyeonggido 430-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Kyoung
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi, Gyeonggido 430-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byung-Min
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi, Gyeonggido 430-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Kuk
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi, Gyeonggido 430-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Ryoung
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi, Gyeonggido 430-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kang-Seuk
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi, Gyeonggido 430-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Ye
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi, Gyeonggido 430-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi, Gyeonggido 430-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Oun-Kyong
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi, Gyeonggido 430-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Wooseog
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi, Gyeonggido 430-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jida
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi, Gyeonggido 430-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.affiliation: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi, Gyeonggido 430-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yi-Seok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.affiliation: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi, Gyeonggido 430-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi, Gyeonggido 430-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi, Gyeonggido 430-757, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: leeyj700@korea.kr.
authors.forename: Youn-Jeong
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000821:virology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001717:Birds; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000266:history / Q000662:veterinary*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006388:Hemagglutinins / Q000235:genetics; D049674:History, 21st Century; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011200:Poultry / Q000821:virology*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D006388:Hemagglutinins
keywords: H5N8; HPAI; South Korea; Wild birds