title: [Presentation of the anatomical and clinical method of direct faciometrics in children with preliminary clinical objectives].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We introduce the concept of direct faciometrics with propaedeutic purpose, underlying the measurement of growth in infant face, with relevant advantages over other methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  We observed 102 healthy Caucasian children of both gender, aged up to 14 years (included) who accessed the consultation of Pediatric Stomatology of Lisboa-Norte Hospital Centre, from May 1, 2011 and during one year. We evaluated the degree of facial growth and its characteristics, based on linear and angle measurements obtained from reference points located on facial surface. Systematic records in front and profile were performed; linear and angle measures were noted with respectively a digital caliper and a digital goniometer. We used the statistical method of applying correlation tables and ANOVA test of two factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We deliver results and constructed growth curves.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed a growth spurt of anteroposterior face until the age of 6, which continues attenuated until the aged of 9. From 9 to 12 years old there has been a new growth spurt, which becomes residual from this age on. There were no significant changes in age angle mean values or gender differences in facial growth. The inter-observer error was 0.62 mm for linear values and 2.65 degrees for angle values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is a reliable method, without image or radiation, non-invasive, simple, inexpensive and reproducible. Recommended for use in Pediatric Dentistry and Pediatrics, constituting a semiological resource that allows an early diagnosis of facial growth abnormalities in children, and hence their timely interception and correction.
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Estomatologia. Hospital de Santa Maria. Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte. & Instituto de Anatomia. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de Lisboa. Lisboa. Portugal.
authors.forename: Ivo A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Furtado
authors.affiliation: Consulta de Estomatologia Pediátrica. Serviço de Estomatologia. Hospital de Santa Maria. Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte. Lisboa. Portugal.
authors.forename: Helena Roque
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Agostinho
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008445:Maxillofacial Development