title: Congenital entropion: outcome of posterior layer advancement of lower eyelid retractors and histological study of orbicularis oculi muscle hypertrophy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine surgical outcomes of the posterior layer advancement of the lower eyelid retractors (LER) in patients with congenital entropion and to ascertain whether the pretarsal orbicularis oculi muscle (OOM) was hypertrophic or not.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study included three Japanese patients with congenital entropion who underwent posterior layer advancement of the LER. We reviewed the surgical outcomes and postoperative complications, such as lower eyelid ectropion and retraction for each patient. We also measured the diameters of the pretarsal OOM fibers in these patients and compared them with those measured in the previously reported 67 eyelids of 41 Japanese patients with congenital epiblepharon.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Congenital entropion was successfully corrected in all three patients without recurrence during 12-months of follow-up. No patient exhibited lower eyelid ectropion or lower eyelid retraction. The mean diameter of the pretarsal OOM fibers was 21.9 μm (range, 20.5-23.7 μm), which was not significantly different from that of the congenital epiblepharon (25.3 μm; range, 18.1-34.7 μm; p = 0.272, Mann-Whitney U test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The surgical outcomes in the present study suggest that posterior layer advancement of the LER is a useful surgical option for treatment of congenital entropion. No histological evidence of pretarsal OOM hypertrophy was shown in congenital entropion, which demonstrated that debulking of the pretarsal OOM may not be significant for correction of this entity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ichinose
authors.forename: Hirohiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kakizaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004774:Entropion / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy; D008297:Male; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Congenital entropion; hypertrophy; lower eyelid retractors; posterior layer advancement; pretarsal orbicularis oculi muscle