title: A two dimensional silicon detectors array for quality assurance in stereotactic radiotherapy: MagicPlate-512.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Silicon diode arrays are commonly implemented in radiation therapy quality assurance applications as they have a number of advantages including: real time operation (compared to the film) and high spatial resolution, large dynamic range and small size (compared to ionizing chambers). Most diode arrays have detector pitch that is too coarse for routine use in small field applications. The goal of this work is to characterize the two-dimensional monolithic silicon diode array named "MagicPlate-512" (MP512) designed for QA in stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and stereotactic radio surgery (SRS).
  
  
  METHODS
  MP512 is a silicon monolithic detector manufactured on ap-type substrate. An array contains of 512 pixels with size 0.5×0.5 mm2 and pitch 2 mm with an overall dimension of 52×52 mm2. The MP512 monolithic detector is wire bonded on a printed circuit board 0.5 mm thick and covered by a thin layer of raisin to preserve the silicon detector from moisture and chemical contamination and to protect the bonding wires. Characterization of the silicon monolithic diode array response was performed, and included pixels response uniformity, dose linearity, percent depth dose, output factor, and beam profiling for beam sizes relevant to SBRT and SRS and depth dose response in comparison with ionization chamber.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MP512 shows a good dose linearity (R2=0.998) and repeatability within 0.2%. The measured depth dose response for field size of 10×10 cm2 agreed to within 1.3%, when compared to a CC13 ionization chamber for depths in PMMA up to 30 cm. The output factor of a 6 MV Varian 2100EX medical linac beam measured by MP512 at the isocenter agrees to within 2% when compared to PTW diamond, Scanditronix point EDD-2 diode and MOSkin detectors for field sizes down to 1×1 cm2. An over response of 4% was observed for square beam size smaller than 1 cm when compared to EBT3 films, while the beam profiles (FWHM) of MP512 match to within 2% the data measured by radiochromic film.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The response of the 2D detector array, MP512, has been evaluated. The properties of the array demonstrated suitability for use as in phantom dosimeter for QA in SRS and SBRT. Although MP512 matches film measurements down to 1×1 cm2 well, it showed a discrepancy of 4% in the determination of output factors of beams smaller than 0.5×0.5 cm2 due to the field perturbation generated by the large amount of silicon surrounding the central diode. MP512 is highly capable of measuring beam size (FWHM) and has a discrepancy of less than 1.3% when compared to EBT3 film. A reduction in the detector pitch to less than 2 mm would improve the penumbra reconstruction accuracy at the cost readout electronics complexity.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Aldosari
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petasecca
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Espinoza
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Newall
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fuduli
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Porumb
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alshaikh
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia.
authors.forename: Z A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Alrowaili
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Metcalfe
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia and Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carolan
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia.
authors.forename: M L F
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lerch
authors.affiliation: SPA-BIT, KIEV 02232, Ukraine.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Perevertaylo
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Rosenfeld
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012825:Silicon
chemical_list: D012825:Silicon