title: A methylation status analysis of the apomixis-specific region in Paspalum spp. suggests an epigenetic control of parthenogenesis.
abstract: Apomixis, a clonal plant reproduction by seeds, is controlled in Paspalum spp. by a single locus which is blocked in terms of recombination. Partial sequence analysis of the apomixis locus revealed structural features of heterochromatin, namely the presence of repetitive elements, gene degeneration, and de-regulation. To test the epigenetic control of apomixis, a study on the distribution of cytosine methylation at the apomixis locus and the effect of artificial DNA demethylation on the mode of reproduction was undertaken in two apomictic Paspalum species. The 5-methylcytosine distribution in the apomixis-controlling genomic region was studied in P. simplex by methylation-sensitive restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and in P. notatum by fluorescene in situ hybridization (FISH). The effect of DNA demethylation was studied on the mode of reproduction of P. simplex by progeny test analysis of apomictic plants treated with the demethylating agent 5'-azacytidine. A high level of cytosine methylation was detected at the apomixis-controlling genomic region in both species. By analysing a total of 374 open pollination progeny, it was found that artificial demethylation had little or no effect on apospory, whereas it induced a significant depression of parthenogenesis. The results suggested that factors controlling repression of parthenogenesis might be inactivated in apomictic Paspalum by DNA methylation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Experimental Villarino s/n CC 14 (S2125 ZAA), Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Sargento Cabral 2131, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina.
authors.forename: Maricel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Podio
authors.affiliation: CNR-Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, Research Division: Perugia, Via della Madonna alta 130, I-06128 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cáceres
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Sargento Cabral 2131, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina.
authors.forename: Sergio S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Samoluk
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Sargento Cabral 2131, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina.
authors.forename: José G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Seijo
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Experimental Villarino s/n CC 14 (S2125 ZAA), Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina.
authors.forename: Silvina C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Pessino
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Experimental Villarino s/n CC 14 (S2125 ZAA), Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Sargento Cabral 2131, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina.
authors.forename: Juan Pablo A
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.affiliation: CNR-Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, Research Division: Perugia, Via della Madonna alta 130, I-06128 Perugia, Italy fulvio.pupilli@ibbr.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Fulvio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pupilli
mesh_terms: D044503:5-Methylcytosine / Q000378:metabolism; D060832:Apomixis / Q000235:genetics*; D001374:Azacitidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D022202:Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000187:drug effects; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D031781:Paspalum / Q000235:genetics*; D054817:Pollination / Q000187:drug effects; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
chemical_list: D044503:5-Methylcytosine; D001374:Azacitidine
keywords: 5′-azacytidine; Apomixis; BIII hybrids; DNA methylation; epigenetics; parthenogenesis.