title: Clinical Profiles of Premenstrual Experiences Among Women Having Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): Affective Changes Predominate and Relate to Social and Occupational Functioning.
abstract: Our objective for this study was to examine symptom severity among women suffering from premenstrual syndrome as well as associations between symptom severity and impairment. In a one-cycle prospective study, various premenstrual symptoms of 91 women were assessed. Tension and irritability were the most severe symptoms. Headache, irritability, self-deprecating thoughts, and depressed mood were the symptoms that were subjectively rated as the most burdensome. Significant correlations were found between the mean premenstrual severity and functional impairment. The severity of premenstrual affective symptoms was related to social impairment. The severity of psychological symptoms was correlated with occupational impairment. These findings confirm the prominent role of premenstrual affective symptoms and support classification guidelines focusing on both affective and physical changes.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz , Mainz , Germany.
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schmelzer
authors.affiliation: b Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ditzen
authors.affiliation: c Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy , Philipps-University of Marburg , Marburg , Germany.|d Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linnaeus Centre HEAD , Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden.
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weise
authors.affiliation: d Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linnaeus Centre HEAD , Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden.|e Psychiatry Section, Department of Clinical Neuroscience , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.affiliation: a Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz , Mainz , Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hiller
authors.affiliation: c Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy , Philipps-University of Marburg , Marburg , Germany.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kleinstäuber
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008597:Menstrual Cycle; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological