title: Apoptosis is an obstacle to the differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cells into astrocytes.
abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that nerve cells differentiated from adipose-derived stromal cells after chemical induction have reduced viability; however, the underlying mechanisms remained unclear. In this study, we induced the differentiation of adult adipose-derived stromal cells into astrocytes using chemical induction. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and flow cytometry showed that, with increasing induction time, the apoptotic rate gradually increased, and the number of living cells gradually decreased. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the number of glial fibrillary acidic protein-, caspase-3- and caspase-9-positive cells gradually increased with increasing induction time. Transmission electron microscopy revealed typical signs of apoptosis after differentiation. Taken together, our results indicate that caspase-dependent apoptosis is an obstacle to the differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cells into astrocytes. Inhibiting apoptosis may be an important strategy for increasing the efficiency of induction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kailuan General Hospital, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kailuan General Hospital, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Qiaoyu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kailuan General Hospital, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kailuan General Hospital, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Shujuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Electron Microscopy, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Wenli
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kailuan General Hospital, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Hongliang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kailuan General Hospital, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kailuan General Hospital, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
keywords: adult adipose-derived stromal cells; astrocytes; caspase-3; caspase-9; caspase-dependent apoptosis; cell apoptosis; cell differentiation; nerve regeneration; neural regeneration