title: Comparison of the sensitivity of seven marine and freshwater bioassays as regards antidepressant toxicity assessment.
abstract: The hazards linked to pharmaceutical residues like antidepressants are currently a major concern of ecotoxicology because they may have adverse effects on non-target aquatic organisms. Our study assesses the ecotoxicity of three antidepressants (fluoxetine, sertraline and clomipramine) using a battery of marine and freshwater species representing different trophic levels, and compares the bioassay sensitivity levels. We selected the following bioassays: the algal growth inhibition test (Skeletonema marinoi and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), the microcrustacean immobilization test (Artemia salina and Daphnia magna), development and adult survival tests on Hydra attenuata, embryotoxicity and metamorphosis tests on Crassostrea gigas, and in vitro assays on primary cultures of Haliotis tuberculata hemocytes. The results showed high inter-species variability in EC50-values ranging from 43 to 15,600 µg/L for fluoxetine, from 67 to 4,400 µg/L for sertraline, and from 4.70 µg/L to more than 100,000 µg/L for clomipramine. Algae (S. marinoi and P. subcapitata) and the embryo-larval stages of the oyster C. gigas were the most sensitive taxa. This raises an issue due to their ecological and/or economic importance. The marine crustacean A. salina was the least sensitive species. This difference in sensitivity between bioassays highlights the importance of using a test battery.
authors.affiliation: UMR BOREA (Biologie des ORganismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques), CNRS-7208/MNHN/UPMC/IRD-207/UCBN, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032, Caen Cedex, France, laetitia-minguez@hotmail.fr.
authors.forename: Laetitia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Minguez
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Di Poi
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Farcy
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ballandonne
authors.forename: Amira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benchouala
authors.forename: Clément
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bojic
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cossu-Leguille
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Costil
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serpentini
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lebel
authors.forename: Marie-Pierre
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Halm-Lemeille
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000187:drug effects; D001156:Artemia / Q000187:drug effects; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000187:drug effects; D049896:Crassostrea / Q000187:drug effects; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects; D017377:Diatoms / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D010125:Ostreidae / Q000187:drug effects; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical