title: Development of anti-scale poly(aspartic acid-citric acid) dual polymer systems for water treatment.
abstract: The formation of calcium sulphate and calcium carbonate scale poses major problems in heat exchangers and water cooling systems, thereby affecting the performance of these types of equipment. In order to inhibit these scale formations, new types of biodegradable water soluble single polymer and dual poly(aspartic acid-citric acid) polymers were developed and tested. The effectiveness of single polymer and four different compositions of poly aspartic acid and citric acid dual polymer systems as scale inhibitors were evaluated. Details of the synthesis, thermal stability, scale inhibition and the morphological characterization of single and dual polymers are presented in this scientific paper. It was found that the calcium sulphate scale inhibition rate was in the range 76.06-91.45%, while the calcium carbonate scale inhibition rate observed was in the range 23.37-30.0% at 65-70 °C. The finding suggests that the water soluble dual polymers are very effective in sulphate scale inhibition in comparison of calcium carbonate scale inhibition.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Composites Research Group , Durban University of Technology , Durban , 4001 South Africa.
authors.forename: Mithil Kumar
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Nayunigari
authors.forename: Sanjay Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Varaprasad
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kokkarachedu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanny
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bux
mesh_terms: D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000737:chemistry; D002133:Calcium Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; C000596071:poly(aspartic acid-citric acid); C017645:polyaspartate; D019343:Citric Acid; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D002119:Calcium Carbonate; D002133:Calcium Sulfate
keywords: calcium carbonate; calcium sulphate; scale deposition; water treatment and dual polymer