title: A comparison of dynamic cerebral autoregulation across changes in cerebral blood flow velocity for 200 s.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The dynamic interaction between blood pressure (BP) and cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) is not fully understood, especially for CBFV changes lasting longer than 50 s. The interaction between BP and CBFV is relatively well characterized for periods <50 s using transfer function (TF) estimations of phase, gain, and coherence. We used TF estimations to compare the phase and gain for periods >50 s with those for periods <50 s.
  
  
  METHODS
  BP and CBFV (of the middle cerebral artery) were simultaneously recorded in 23 healthy subjects (10 men, 13 women, mean age 35 ± 10 years) under normo- and hypocapnia (induced by hyperventilation). TF and coherence estimations were based on Welch's periodogram method with a windowing of 200 s (frequency resolution, 0.005 Hz, corresponding to a period of 200 s). Means of the phase, gain, and coherence were calculated over frequency periods of 0.005-0.02 Hz (sVLF), 0.02-0.07 Hz (VLF), 0.07-0.15 Hz (LF), and 0.15-0.40 Hz (HF) and analyzed using the t-test and Pearson correlation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the VLF range, normo- and hypocapnia phases were slightly but significantly lower in sVLF, while gain and coherence were not different. Hypocapnia induced significant (mostly p < 0.01) phase increases and gain decreases as well as coherence decreases in all frequency ranges. The phase and gain correlated significantly (-0.87 < r > -0.99) (p < 0.001) and inversely in all frequency ranges <0.15 Hz under both respiratory conditions. In some instances, the phase indicated disturbed autoregulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the frequency range <0.15 Hz, the phase and gain correlate highly and linearly with high consistency. The phase, gain, and coherence were similar in sVLF and VLF ranges. The phase was slightly lower in the sVLF range than in the VLF range. Notably, the data suggest that autoregulatory failure may occur in healthy persons.
authors.affiliation: Neurovascular Lab, Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, Kantonsspital Lucerne Lucerne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Martin W-D
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Neurovascular Lab, Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, Kantonsspital Lucerne Lucerne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mareike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Osterreich
keywords: cerebral autoregulation; cerebrovascular physiology; stroke; transfer function estimates; ultrasound