title: Porcine dermal collagen in lower eyelid retraction repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe clinical outcomes of patients receiving porcine dermal matrix implants for lower eyelid retraction repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of all patients who underwent lower eyelid retraction repair with porcine dermal matrix implantation between June 2007 and July 2013 at a tertiary care center was conducted. Patient demographics, procedure(s) performed, preoperative and postoperative marginal reflex distance, inferior scleral show, and complications were reviewed. Patients with a prior history of lower eyelid surgery were excluded. The study is Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliant, institutional review board approved, and adherent to the Declaration of Helsinki.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred patients (160 eyelids) received porcine dermal collagen implants. Fifty-six patients had thyroid eye disease, 23 had midface descent, 10 had seventh nerve palsies, and 11 had other etiologies of retraction. The average preoperative marginal reflex distance was 7.64 mm in the OD and 7.17 mm in the OS, compared with 6.40 mm in the OD and 6.22 mm in the OS postoperatively. The average preoperative inferior scleral show was 2.04 in the OD and 1.70 in the OS compared with 0.81 mm in the OD and 0.65 mm in the OS postoperatively. Follow up ranged from 1.46 to 66.04 months, with an average of 14.06 months and median of 8.84 months. Nineteen eyelids had implant-related complications: 7 with cyst formation, 7 with exposure/rejection, 2 with long-term pain, 2 with transient inflammation, and 3 with irregular implant contour.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Porcine dermal matrix implants provide reliable support, integration, and function in lower eyelid retraction repair without significant resorption or complications in the majority of patients.
authors.affiliation: *Division of Oculofacial Plastic Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Aesthetic Facial Surgery Center, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A.; and †Division of Ophthalmic Plastic, Lacrimal, and Orbital Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Roger A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dailey
authors.forename: Douglas P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Marx
authors.forename: Eric S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Ahn
mesh_terms: D062088:Acellular Dermis; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods; D003094:Collagen; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016038:Skin Transplantation; D013536:Suture Techniques; D013552:Swine; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen