title: Attraction and mortality of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) to STATIC Spinosad ME weathered under operational conditions in California and Florida: a reduced-risk male annihilation treatment.
abstract: Studies were conducted in 2013-2014 to quantify attraction, feeding, and mortality of male oriental fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), to STATIC Spinosad ME a reduced-risk male annihilation treatment (MAT) formulation consisting of an amorphous polymer matrix in combination with methyl eugenol (ME) and spinosad compared with the standard treatment of Min-U-Gel mixed with ME and naled (Dibrom). Our approach used a behavioral methodology for evaluation of slow-acting reduced-risk insecticides. ME treatments were weathered for 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 d under operational conditions in California and Florida and shipped to Hawaii for bioassays. In field tests using bucket traps to attract and capture wild males, and in toxicity studies conducted in 1-m(3) cages using released males of controlled ages, STATIC Spinosad ME performed equally as well to the standard formulation of Min-U-Gel ME with naled for material aged up to 28 d in both California and Florida. In laboratory feeding tests in which individual males were exposed for 5 min to the different ME treatments, mortality induced by STATIC Spinosad ME recorded at 24 h did not differ from mortality caused by Min-U-Gel ME with naled at 1, 7, 14, and 21 d in California and was equal to or higher for all weathered time periods in Florida during two trials. Spinosad has low contact toxicity, and when mixed with an attractant and slow release matrix, offers a reduced-risk alternative for eradication of B. dorsalis and related ME attracted species, without many of the potential negative effects to humans and nontargets associated with broad-spectrum contact insecticides such as naled.
authors.forename: Roger I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.forename: Steven K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Souder
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mercogliano
authors.forename: Trevor R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: Bobbie J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Matt
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brodie
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Dripps
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002140:California; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005431:Florida; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018942:Macrolides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D010675:Pheromones; D033621:Tephritidae
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D007306:Insecticides; D018942:Macrolides; D010675:Pheromones; C010411:insect attractants; C415329:spinosad