title: Repeatability of sound-evoked triceps myogenic potentials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the repeatability of sound-evoked vestibular evoked myogenic potentials recorded from the triceps (tVEMPs) with and without visual feedback.
  
  
  METHODS
  tVEMP responses to 95 dB nHL 500-Hz tone bursts were recorded in a longitudinal, repeated measures study where P1 and N1 latencies and amplitudes were measured on three separate occasions from the same individuals. Analysis of variance, intra-class correlations, and limits of repeatability analyses were used to assess tVEMP repeatability and effects of visual feedback.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen participants (nine women) aged between 18 and 41 years took part.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Response rates of 63% and 68% were obtained for tVEMPs with eyes open and closed, respectively. When present, tVEMP latencies and amplitudes exhibited fair to good repeatability. Repeatability of tVEMP latencies and amplitudes measured using Bland-Altman methods was poorer with eyes closed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sound-evoked tVEMP response rates are too low to support their clinical utility at the moment. tVEMP response rate may be improved by refining the balance task to include a force related target. Better tVEMP repeatability with eyes open supports the hypothesis that the response is modulated by visual feedback, and is consistent with studies reporting triceps responses to galvanic stimulation.
authors.affiliation: * School of Healthcare, University of Leeds , UK.
authors.forename: Ruth E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Brooke
authors.forename: Nicholas C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Herbert
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Thyer
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000294:innervation; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013016:Sound; D058585:Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Balance assessment; electromyography (EMG); sensory feedback; tVEMP; vestibulospinal reflex