title: Protein requirements in healthy adults: a meta-analysis of nitrogen balance studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to analyze protein requirements in healthy adults through a meta-analysis of nitrogen balance studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive search for nitrogen balance studies of healthy adults published up to October 2012 was performed, each study were reviewed, and data were abstracted. The studies were first evaluated for heterogeneity. The average protein requirements were analyzed by using the individual data of each included studies. Study site climate, age, sex, and dietary protein source were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data for 348 subjects were gathered from 28 nitrogen balance studies. The natural logarithm of requirement for 348 individuals had a normal distribution with a mean of 4.66. The estimated average requirement was the exponentiation of the mean of the log requirement, 105.64 mg N/kg•d. No significant differences between adult age, source of dietary protein were observed. But there was significant difference between sex and the climate of the study site (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The estimated average requirement and recommended nutrient intake of the healthy adult population was 105.64 mg N/kg•d (0.66 g high quality protein/kg•d) and 132.05 mg N/kg•d (0.83 g high quality protein/kg•d), respectively.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of public health, Peking university, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Jian Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Piao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Xiao Guang
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D009751:Nutritional Requirements
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Estimated average requirement; Nitrogen balance; Protein requirement; Recommended nutrient intake