title: Achromobacter denitrificans SP1 produces pharmaceutically active 25C prodigiosin upon utilizing hazardous di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate.
abstract: This first report describes the purification and identification of an orange-red pigment produced by Achromobacter denitrificans strain SP1 (isolated from sewage sludge heavily contaminated with plastics) during its growth in a simple basal salt medium supplemented with the hazardous di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) blended in PVC blood bag (in situ) or free DEHP (ex situ) as carbon source. The cell-bound pigment was elucidated, characterized at molecular level, and described as an unusual 25C prodigiosin analog for the first time. At laboratory conditions (in flasks), the dry cell mass was 75.2mg/g blood bag, which upon extraction yielded 7.1mg prodigiosin; at this stage the pH of the medium was dropped from 7.2 to 3.5. Considering its pharmaceutical importance, taking 10 known prodigiosins as controls, this 25C prodigiosin was subjected to molecular docking studies, showed comparable and promising binding efficiencies with the crucial molecular human targets like cycloxygenase-2, ZAP-70 kinase and Jak-3 kinase.
authors.affiliation: Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala 673 635, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pradeep
authors.affiliation: Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala 673 635, India.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Sarath Josh
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 004, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balachandran
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 004, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sudha Devi
authors.affiliation: Toshvin Analytical P. Ltd, A6, II Floor, No. 48, Dr. B.N. Road, Mahububani Towers, T. Nagar, Chennai 600 017, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sadasivam
authors.affiliation: Bioanalytical Quest Life Science P. Ltd, Chennai 600 004, India.
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Thirugnanam
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India.
authors.forename: Mukesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Doble
authors.affiliation: USDA/ARS, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, 2881F & B Road, TX 77845, USA.
authors.forename: Robin C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala 673 635, India. Electronic address: benjamin@uoc.ac.in.
authors.forename: Sailas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benjamin
mesh_terms: D042441:Achromobacter denitrificans / Q000378:metabolism*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D053616:Janus Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D011353:Prodigiosin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D051746:ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D053616:Janus Kinase 3; D051746:ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase; D011353:Prodigiosin
keywords: Achromobacter denitrificans SP1; Blood storage bag; DEHP; Molecular docking; Prodigiosin