title: Gender, ethnicity and race in incarcerated and detained youth: services and policy implications for girls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  While work has been conducted on gender differences to inform gender-specific programming, relatively little work has been done regarding racial and ethnic differences among incarcerated and detained girls in particular. This is an important gap, considering gender, race, and ethnicity may be important factors in responding to the needs of incarcerated and detained girls within the Risk-Needs-Responsivity (RNR) model. We hypothesize girls will show relatively more pathology than boys, and that White girls will show relatively more pathology as compared to girls of other groups. Implications of findings for services delivery and policy are presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected on N = 657 youth using structured interview and record review. Analyses included χ2 and t tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As compared to boys, girls were older at first arrest yet younger during most lock-up, received poorer grades, experienced more family difficulty, and more were lesbian/bisexual. As compared to minority girls, White girls began hard drugs at a younger age, had more conduct disorder symptoms, and more frequently experienced parental difficulty and abuse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Age-appropriate programming that addresses family difficulty and sexuality is needed for girls. As compared to White girls, reentry planning may more readily rely on family support for minority girls. Systems should consider use of actuarial methods in order to reduce bias in making placement decisions. (PsycINFO Database Record
authors.affiliation: Social Sciences Research Center and Psychology Depart- ment, University of Rhode Island.
authors.forename: L A R
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.affiliation: Social Sciences Research Center and Psychology Depart- ment, University of Rhode Island.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clair
authors.affiliation: Social Sciences Research Center and Psychology Depart- ment, University of Rhode Island.
authors.forename: Joseph S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: Center for Alcohol & Addiction Studies, Brown University.
authors.forename: Rosemarie A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Social Sciences Research Center and Psychology Depart- ment, University of Rhode Island.
authors.forename: Mary Kathryn
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Cancilliere
authors.affiliation: Center for Primary Care & Prevention, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School, Brown University.
authors.forename: Jennifer G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Clarke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American; D000367:Age Factors; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D018452:Homosexuality, Female; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D007604:Juvenile Delinquency / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008297:Male; D020380:Needs Assessment; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology*; D011640:Public Policy; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D044465:White People