title: The Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS): normative values with gender, age and education corrections in the Italian population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  BICAMS (Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis) has been recently developed as brief, practical and universal assessment tool for cognitive impairment in MS subjects. It includes the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), the California Verbal Learning Test-2 (CVLT2) and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) . In this study we aimed at gathering regression based normative data for the BICAMS battery in the Italian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy subjects were consecutively recruited among patient friends and relatives. Corrections for demographics were calculated using multivariable linear regression models. Test-retest reliability was assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The BICAMS battery was administered to 273 healthy subjects (180 women, mean age 38.9 ± 13.0 years, mean education 14.9 ± 3.0 years). Test-retest reliability was good for all the tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study provided normative data of the BICAMS for the Italian population confirming good test-retest reliability which can facilitate the use of the battery in clinical practice, also for longitudinal patient assessments.
authors.forename: Benedetta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Goretti
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Niccolai
authors.forename: Bahia
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hakiki
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sturchio
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Falautano
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Minacapelli
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martinelli
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Incerti
authors.forename: Ugo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nocentini
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murgia
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fenu
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cocco
authors.forename: Maria Giovanna
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Marrosu
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garofalo
authors.forename: Ferdinando Ivano
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Ambra
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maddestra
authors.forename: Marilena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Consalvo
authors.forename: Rosa Gemma
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Viterbo
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trojano
authors.forename: Nunzia Alessandra
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Losignore
authors.forename: Giovanni Bosco
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Zimatore
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pietrolongo
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lugaresi
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Langdon
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Portaccio
authors.forename: Maria Pia
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Amato
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards*; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055815:Young Adult