title: Inhaled antimicrobial therapy - barriers to effective treatment.
abstract: Inhaled antibiotics dramatically improve targeting of drug to the site of respiratory infections, while simultaneously minimizing systemic exposure and associated toxicity. The high local concentrations of antibiotic may enable more effective treatment of multi-drug resistant pathogens. This review explores barriers to effective treatment with inhaled antibiotics. In addition, potential opportunities for improvements in treatment are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, 150 Industrial Road, San Carlos, CA, USA. Electronic address: jeff.weers@novartis.com.
authors.forename: Jeffry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weers
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001987:Bronchiectasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D053717:Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Biofilm; Dry powder inhaler; Endpoint; Fixed dose combination; Nebulizer; Partial liquid ventilation; Tolerability