title: Calcific aortic valve disease: a consensus summary from the Alliance of Investigators on Calcific Aortic Valve Disease.
abstract: Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is increasingly prevalent worldwide with significant morbidity and mortality. Therapeutic options beyond surgical valve replacement are currently limited. In 2011, the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute assembled a working group on aortic stenosis. This group identified CAVD as an actively regulated disease process in need of further study. As a result, the Alliance of Investigators on CAVD was formed to coordinate and promote CAVD research, with the goals of identifying individuals at risk, developing new therapeutic approaches, and improving diagnostic methods. The group is composed of cardiologists, geneticists, imaging specialists, and basic science researchers. This report reviews the current status of CAVD research and treatment strategies with identification of areas in need of additional investigation for optimal management of this patient population.
authors.affiliation: From the Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (K.E.Y.); Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles (L.L.D.); Center for Perioperative Genomics, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (S.C.B.); MCRI Center for Translational Genomics, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (G.S.H.); Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Center, Orlando, FL (D.A.T.); Bioengineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle (C.M.G.); Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago, IL (M.A.H.-B.); Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (D.P.M.); Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers-NJ Medical School, Newark (M.B.R.); Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.M.S.); VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (M.M.S.); and Center of Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.A.).
authors.forename: Katherine E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Yutzey
authors.affiliation: From the Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (K.E.Y.); Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles (L.L.D.); Center for Perioperative Genomics, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (S.C.B.); MCRI Center for Translational Genomics, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (G.S.H.); Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Center, Orlando, FL (D.A.T.); Bioengineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle (C.M.G.); Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago, IL (M.A.H.-B.); Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (D.P.M.); Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers-NJ Medical School, Newark (M.B.R.); Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.M.S.); VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (M.M.S.); and Center of Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.A.).
authors.forename: Linda L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Demer
authors.affiliation: From the Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (K.E.Y.); Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles (L.L.D.); Center for Perioperative Genomics, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (S.C.B.); MCRI Center for Translational Genomics, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (G.S.H.); Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Center, Orlando, FL (D.A.T.); Bioengineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle (C.M.G.); Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago, IL (M.A.H.-B.); Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (D.P.M.); Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers-NJ Medical School, Newark (M.B.R.); Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.M.S.); VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (M.M.S.); and Center of Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.A.).
authors.forename: Simon C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Body
authors.affiliation: From the Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (K.E.Y.); Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles (L.L.D.); Center for Perioperative Genomics, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (S.C.B.); MCRI Center for Translational Genomics, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (G.S.H.); Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Center, Orlando, FL (D.A.T.); Bioengineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle (C.M.G.); Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago, IL (M.A.H.-B.); Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (D.P.M.); Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers-NJ Medical School, Newark (M.B.R.); Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.M.S.); VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (M.M.S.); and Center of Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.A.).
authors.forename: Gordon S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Huggins
authors.affiliation: From the Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (K.E.Y.); Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles (L.L.D.); Center for Perioperative Genomics, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (S.C.B.); MCRI Center for Translational Genomics, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (G.S.H.); Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Center, Orlando, FL (D.A.T.); Bioengineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle (C.M.G.); Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago, IL (M.A.H.-B.); Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (D.P.M.); Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers-NJ Medical School, Newark (M.B.R.); Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.M.S.); VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (M.M.S.); and Center of Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.A.).
authors.forename: Dwight A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Towler
authors.affiliation: From the Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (K.E.Y.); Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles (L.L.D.); Center for Perioperative Genomics, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (S.C.B.); MCRI Center for Translational Genomics, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (G.S.H.); Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Center, Orlando, FL (D.A.T.); Bioengineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle (C.M.G.); Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago, IL (M.A.H.-B.); Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (D.P.M.); Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers-NJ Medical School, Newark (M.B.R.); Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.M.S.); VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (M.M.S.); and Center of Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.A.).
authors.forename: Cecilia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Giachelli
authors.affiliation: From the Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (K.E.Y.); Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles (L.L.D.); Center for Perioperative Genomics, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (S.C.B.); MCRI Center for Translational Genomics, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (G.S.H.); Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Center, Orlando, FL (D.A.T.); Bioengineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle (C.M.G.); Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago, IL (M.A.H.-B.); Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (D.P.M.); Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers-NJ Medical School, Newark (M.B.R.); Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.M.S.); VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (M.M.S.); and Center of Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.A.).
authors.forename: Marion A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hofmann-Bowman
authors.affiliation: From the Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (K.E.Y.); Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles (L.L.D.); Center for Perioperative Genomics, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (S.C.B.); MCRI Center for Translational Genomics, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (G.S.H.); Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Center, Orlando, FL (D.A.T.); Bioengineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle (C.M.G.); Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago, IL (M.A.H.-B.); Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (D.P.M.); Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers-NJ Medical School, Newark (M.B.R.); Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.M.S.); VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (M.M.S.); and Center of Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.A.).
authors.forename: Douglas P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Mortlock
authors.affiliation: From the Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (K.E.Y.); Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles (L.L.D.); Center for Perioperative Genomics, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (S.C.B.); MCRI Center for Translational Genomics, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (G.S.H.); Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Center, Orlando, FL (D.A.T.); Bioengineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle (C.M.G.); Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago, IL (M.A.H.-B.); Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (D.P.M.); Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers-NJ Medical School, Newark (M.B.R.); Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.M.S.); VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (M.M.S.); and Center of Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.A.).
authors.forename: Melissa B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.affiliation: From the Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (K.E.Y.); Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles (L.L.D.); Center for Perioperative Genomics, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (S.C.B.); MCRI Center for Translational Genomics, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (G.S.H.); Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Center, Orlando, FL (D.A.T.); Bioengineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle (C.M.G.); Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago, IL (M.A.H.-B.); Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (D.P.M.); Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers-NJ Medical School, Newark (M.B.R.); Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.M.S.); VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (M.M.S.); and Center of Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.A.).
authors.forename: Mehran M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sadeghi
authors.affiliation: From the Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (K.E.Y.); Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles (L.L.D.); Center for Perioperative Genomics, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (S.C.B.); MCRI Center for Translational Genomics, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (G.S.H.); Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Center, Orlando, FL (D.A.T.); Bioengineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle (C.M.G.); Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago, IL (M.A.H.-B.); Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (D.P.M.); Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers-NJ Medical School, Newark (M.B.R.); Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.M.S.); VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (M.M.S.); and Center of Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.A.). eaikawa@partners.org.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aikawa
mesh_terms: D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D000082882:Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000639:trends*; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
keywords: aortic valve stenosis; calcification; inflammation