title: Sublingual immunotherapy in children: the recent experiences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is indicated for the use in pediatric patients suffering from allergic rhinitis or allergic rhinoconjunctivitis caused by environmental allergens, such as ragweed pollen, grass pollen, and dust mite. This review focuses on recent and relevant studies associated with the use of SLIT for these allergens in children by examining efficacy, safety, and immunological data in comparison to subcutaneous immunotherapy, therapeutic treatments, and placebo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In several of the case studies examined in this article, involving mainly grass and dust mite allergic patients, SLIT has been shown to have similar efficacy to subcutaneous immunotherapy. SLIT has been proven as a safer therapy. In comparing the adverse events related to both therapies, SLIT has fewer cases of anaphylaxis and fewer incidents of local reactions of mild-to-moderate severity. In comparison to therapeutic treatments and placebo, SLIT significantly improved symptom and medication scores. In addition to allergic rhinitis and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, additional uses for SLIT in pediatric patients, such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, and food allergies, are under development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SLIT treatment is a well tolerated and effective approach to treat allergic rhinitis and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in pediatric patients. Three SLIT tablets are currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to treat grass and ragweed allergies. The research discussed in this review will further the knowledge of physicians searching for an alternative treatment for their pediatric patients.
authors.affiliation: aDivision of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh bTemple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pleskovic
authors.forename: Ashton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bartholow
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Skoner
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003233:Conjunctivitis, Allergic / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D065631:Rhinitis, Allergic / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D063729:Sublingual Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens