title: [Ethics and ritual circumcision].
abstract: Circumcision dates back to ancient times, nowadays, this ritual is practiced mainly in the context of Jewish and Muslim religions. The purpose of this article is to give urologists elements of reflection on the act according to the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice. According to a Kantian vision, priority should be given to the respect and wishes of the individuals. In contrast, for the utilitarian theory, circumcision can be justified by a contribution to the happiness of the majority of community members at the expense of a given few. In the event of a request for ritual circumcision, urologists find themselves in the middle, uncomfortable for some, questioning the ethics of its meaning. The main pitfall for the surgeon remains in respecting the child's autonomy.
authors.affiliation: Clinique de l'Esperance, 122, avenue Maurice-Donat, 06250 Mougins, France. Electronic address: ccasta@me.com.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Castagnola
authors.affiliation: Clinique Beausoleil, 119, avenue de Lodève, 34070 Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Faix
mesh_terms: D026686:Beneficence; D002562:Ceremonial Behavior; D002944:Circumcision, Male / Q000941:ethics* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D026689:Ethical Analysis; D028663:Ethical Theory; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D010819:Physician's Role
keywords: Autonomie; Autonomy; Beneficence; Bienfaisance; Circoncision; Circumcision; Ethics; Justice; Non maleficence; Non-malfaisance; Éthique