title: A clinical randomized controlled trial of music therapy and progressive muscle relaxation training in female breast cancer patients after radical mastectomy: results on depression, anxiety and length of hospital stay.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine effects of music therapy and progressive muscle relaxation training on depression, anxiety and length of hospital stay in Chinese female breast cancer patients after radical mastectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 170 patients were randomly allocated to the intervention group (n = 85) receiving music therapy and progressive muscle relaxation training plus routine nursing care and the control group (n = 85) receiving routine nursing care. Music therapy and progressive muscle relaxation training were performed twice a day within 48 h after radical mastectomy, once in the early morning (6a.m.-8a.m.) and once in the evening (9p.m.-11p.m.), for 30 min per session until discharged from the hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A general linear model with univariate analysis showed that the intervention group patients had significant improvement in depression and anxiety in the effects of group (F = 20.31, P < 0.001; F = 5.41, P = 0.017), time (F = 56.64, P < 0.001; F = 155.17, P < 0.001) and group*time interaction (F = 6.91, P = 0.009; F = 5.56, P = 0.019). The intervention group patients had shorter length of hospital stay (12.56 ± 1.03) than that of the control group (17.01 ± 2.46) with statistical significance (F = 13.36, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Music therapy and progressive muscle relaxation training can reduce depression, anxiety and length of hospital stay in female breast cancer patients after radical mastectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China. Electronic address: dfyq100@163.com.
authors.forename: Kaina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China. Electronic address: roselee@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaomei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China. Electronic address: lijin@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China. Electronic address: liu.miao99@yahoo.com.cn.
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China. Electronic address: tjdshn@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shaonong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK. Electronic address: duolao.wang@lshtm.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Duolao
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China. Electronic address: ruby3255@yahoo.com.cn.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D002681:China; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D015409:Mastectomy, Radical / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009126:Muscle Relaxation; D009147:Music Therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Anxiety; Breast cancer; Depression; Music therapy; Progressive muscle relaxation training; Radical mastectomy