title: Colpocleisis: a safe, minimally invasive option for pelvic organ prolapse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to describe the morbidity and mortality associated with colpocleisis and factors associated with improved outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used University HealthSystem Consortium database, which included inpatient data from US hospitals. We included all women who underwent colpocleisis from 2002 to 2012. Centers were categorized geographically and by annual case volume. Cases were grouped by age and provider specialty. Outcome and readmission data from participating hospitals were compared between groups by analysis of variance and Tukey statistics. Average length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) admission rate, complication rate, mortality rate, and readmission rate were calculated for each hospital and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Colpocleisis procedures (4776) were performed at 145 US medical centers. Forty-three percent of procedures were done on women older than 80 years, 52% on women 60 to 79 years, 3% on women 40 to 59 years, and 0.9% on women 20 to 39 years. Overall, rates of complications, ICU admission, and mortality were low with average rates of 6.82%, 2.80%, and 0.15%, respectively. High-volume centers had lower ICU admission and complications rates as well as a shorter LOS. Younger women had higher ICU admission and complication rates as well longer LOS. Stratification by provider specialty demonstrated higher ICU admission rates among cases performed by urologists as compared to cases performed by urogynecologists and general obstetrician-gynecologists. Complication rates were also higher among obstetrician-gynecologists and urologists as compared to urogynecologists. Length of stay was significantly longer when colpocleisis was performed by urologists rather than a urogynecologists.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Colpocleisis is a safe minimally invasive procedure and outcomes are influenced by provider specialty and hospital volume.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of *Obstetrics and Gynecology, and †Urology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Departments of ‡Obstetrics and Gynecology, and §Urology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood; and ∥Department of Data and Informatics Research, University Health Consortium, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Margaret G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Chandy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ellimootil
authors.forename: Melinda G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Abernethy
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hohmann
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kenton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003422:Critical Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D006176:Gynecology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D061847:Hospitals, High-Volume / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D061846:Hospitals, Low-Volume / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D009774:Obstetrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D056887:Pelvic Organ Prolapse / Q000601:surgery*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014572:Urology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014621:Vagina / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult