title: Diversity of influenza-like illness etiology in Polish Armed Forces in influenza epidemic season.
abstract: The aim of this study was to conduct an epidemiological and laboratory surveillance of Influenza-Like Illnesses (ILI) in Polish Armed Forces, civilian military personnel and their families in 2011/2012 epidemic season, under the United States Department of Defense-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DoD-GEIS). ILI incidence data were analyzed in relation to age, gender, patient category as well as pathogen patterns. Multiple viral, bacterial and viral-bacterial co-infections were identified. Nose and throat swabs of active duty soldiers in the homeland country and in the NATO peacekeeping forces KFOR (Kosovo Force), as well as members of their families were tested for the presence of viral and bacterial pathogens. From October 2011 to May 2012, 416 specimens from ILI symptoms patients were collected and analyzed for the presence of viral and bacterial pathogens. Among viruses, coronavirus was the most commonly detected. In the case of bacterial infections, the most common pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kocik
authors.affiliation: Biological Threat Identification and Countermeasure Center of General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Puławy, Poland.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niemcewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Izabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Winnicka
authors.affiliation: Biological Threat Identification and Countermeasure Center of General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Puławy, Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michalski
authors.affiliation: Biological Threat Identification and Countermeasure Center of General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Puławy, Poland.
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bielawska-Drózd
authors.affiliation: Biological Threat Identification and Countermeasure Center of General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Puławy, Poland.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kołodziej
authors.affiliation: Biological Threat Identification and Countermeasure Center of General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Puławy, Poland.
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Joniec
authors.affiliation: Biological Threat Identification and Countermeasure Center of General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Puławy, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cieślik
authors.affiliation: Biological Threat Identification and Countermeasure Center of General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Puławy, Poland.
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Graniak
authors.affiliation: Biological Threat Identification and Countermeasure Center of General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Puławy, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mirski
authors.affiliation: Biological Threat Identification and Countermeasure Center of General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Puławy, Poland.
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gaweł
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bielecka-Oder
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Leszek
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kubiak
authors.affiliation: United States Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring (AFHSC), Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Russell
mesh_terms: D003332:Coronaviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D058872:Epidemics; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D066067:Military Family; D008889:Military Personnel; D011044:Poland; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014481:United States; D059030:United States Department of Defense