title: Comparison of femoral and aortic remote ischaemia preconditioning for cardioprotection against myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Remote ischaemia preconditioning (RIPC) induces some protection against heart ischaemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. However, many different methods were tried in the past, and no consensus exists. The aim of this study was to compare femoral and aortic ischaemia preconditioning on cardiac markers and on heart injury after IR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into four groups: the sham group, control group, femoral group (F, bilateral femoral artery ischaemia) and aorta group (A, abdominal aorta ischaemia). They were submitted to 30 min occlusion of the left coronary artery and to 180 min reperfusion (except the sham group) after different preconditioning protocols (femoral versus aortic). Cardiac markers, infarct area and cardiomyocyte apoptosis index were compared between groups using analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Creatine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase and cardiac troponin I levels were lower in Group F compared with the control group, while there was no difference between Group A and the control group for these three parameters. There were significant differences between the control and experimental groups in myocardial infarct size (control: 48.34 ± 6.79% vs F: 29.64 ± 4.51% and A: 31.81 ± 9.62%, P <0.001). Group F had a lower cardiomyocyte apoptosis index than controls (18.32 ± 9.30 vs 31.75 ± 10.65%, P = 0.016), but there was no difference between Group A and controls (23.25 ± 4.77%, P = 0.107).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results confirmed the cardioprotection of RIPC against myocardial IR injury. However, they did not provide sufficient supporting evidence for the enhancement of cardioprotection with an increased area of remote ischaemia preconditioning in rat, or with different ischaemia sites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Medicine and Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Medicine and Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China medscicq@126.com.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017209:Apoptosis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D013997:Time Factors; D019210:Troponin I / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019210:Troponin I; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form
keywords: Cardioprotection; Femoral artery; Ischaemia/reperfusion injury; Remote ischaemia preconditioning