title: Early use of low residue diet is superior to clear liquid diet after elective colorectal surgery: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Compare the feasibility and patient tolerance to either a clear fluid (CF) or low residue diet (LRD) started on postoperative day (POD) 1 after elective colorectal surgery.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Diet advancement after surgery traditionally starts gradually with liquids, on the basis of fears that early solid intake may increase nausea, vomiting, and overall complications. A randomized controlled trial comparing LRD and CF on POD 1 was performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  111 elective colorectal surgery patients were randomized to CF (n = 57) or LRD (n = 54). The primary end point was vomiting on POD 2. Secondary endpoints included nausea score, days to flatus, length of hospital stay (LOS), and postoperative morbidity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient characteristics, surgical technique, intraoperative characteristics, and postoperative opioid use were similar between study arms. CF versus LRD results were as follows: POD2 vomiting (28% vs 14%; P = 0.09), and significant increase in mean nausea score (4.7 vs 3.5; P = 0.01), days to flatus (4.8 vs 3.7 days; P = 0.04), and LOS (7.0 vs 5.0 days; P = 0.01). LOS remained significantly shorter even after adjusting for significant covariates (laparoscopic technique, surgical site, postoperative comorbidity, stoma, and nasogastric tube) with LRD patients having an adjusted 1.4-day decrease in LOS (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in postoperative morbidity between study arms. Multivariate analysis of all secondary endpoints confirmed an overall significant improvement in outcomes for LRD vs CF (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LRD, rather than CF, on POD1 after colorectal surgery is associated with less nausea, faster return of bowel function, and a shorter hospital stay without increasing postoperative morbidity.
authors.affiliation: *Division of Colorectal Surgery †Department of Surgery; and ‡Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bresee
authors.forename: Phillip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fleshner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003106:Colon / Q000601:surgery*; D003672:Defecation; D004032:Diet; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005414:Flatulence; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000209:etiology*; D012007:Rectum / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult