title: Acute effects of moderate and strenuous running on trace element distribution in the brain, liver, and spleen of trained rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Trace elements such as manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) play key roles in metabolic reactions and are important in many physiological enzymatic processes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the acute effects of moderate and strenuous running (treadmill) exercise on the levels of Mn, Co and Cr in the brain, liver, and spleen of trained rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animal experiment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one Wistar-Albino adult male rats were used in the study. Rats were grouped as control group (no mandated exercise; n=8), moderate exercise group (30 min exercise duration; n=7), and strenuous exercise group (60 min exercise duration; n=6). The levels of Mn, Co, and Cr in the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, brain stem, liver, and spleen were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cr levels in liver of rats increased in parallel to the time course of running supporting the exercise training effect on the action of insulin. Compared to the control group, the level of Co significantly decreased in the brain stem of rats in the moderate exercise group (p=0.009) and in the frontal lobe of rats in the strenuous exercise group (p=0.004). In the strenuous exercise group, an examination of the brain stem revealed that the level of Mn significantly decreased (p=0.001), and levels of Co and Cr were apparently depleted to the extent that these elements were no longer detectable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A notable finding is that during or after single bout strenuous exercise, levels of Co decreased in the spleen and particularly decreased in the brain stem of regularly trained rats. From this study, it can be inferred that sportsmen should aware trace element disturbances among the body parts or depletion of some trace elements after single bout of chronic strenuous running exercise.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak Karaelmas University, Zonguldak, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kıvanç
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ergen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Literature, İstanbul Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hürrem
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ince
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Halil
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Düzova
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yunus
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Karakoç
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: M Hanifi
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Emre
keywords: Manganese; chromium; cobalt; dietary supplements