title: Life Origination Hydrate Theory (LOH-Theory) and the explanation of the biological diversification.
abstract: The Life Origination Hydrate Theory (LOH-Theory) considers the life origination process as a sequence of thermodynamically caused regular and inevitable chemical transformations regulated by universal physical and chemical laws. The LOH-Theory bears on a number of experimental, thermodynamic, observation, and simulation researches. N-bases, riboses, nucleosides, and nucleotides and DNAs and RNAs are formed repeatedly within structural cavities of localizations of underground and underseabed honeycomb CH4-hydrate deposits from CH4 and nitrate and phosphate ions that diffused into the hydrate structures; proto-cells and their agglomerates originated from these DNAs and from the same minerals in the semi-liquid soup after liquation of the hydrate structures. Each localization gave rise to a multitude of different DNAs and living organisms. The species diversity is caused by the spatial and temporal repeatability of the processes of living matter origination under similar but not identical conditions, multiplicity of the DNA forms in each living matter origination event, variations in the parameters of the native medium, intraspecific variations, and interspecific variations. The contribution of the last to the species diversity is, likely, significant for prokaryotes and those eukaryotes that are only at low steps of their biological organization; however, in the light of the LOH-Theory, of available long-term paleontological investigations, and of studies of reproduction of proliferous organisms, we conclude that, in toto, the contribution of interspecific variations to the species diversity was earlier overestimated by some researchers. The reason of this overestimation is that origination of scores of «spores» of different organisms in any one event and multiple reproductions of such events in time and Earth's space were not taken into consideration.
authors.affiliation: Karpov Institute of Physical Chemistry, Vorontsovo Pole str. 10, Moscow, 105064, Russia, vostrov@cc.nifhi.ac.ru.
authors.forename: Victor E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Ostrovskii
authors.forename: Elena A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Kadyshevich
mesh_terms: D044822:Biodiversity; D005075:Biological Evolution; D004247:DNA / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008697:Methane / Q000737:chemistry*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000737:chemistry; D009705:Nucleosides / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D000069497:Origin of Life; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D011387:Prokaryotic Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012266:Ribose / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009705:Nucleosides; D009711:Nucleotides; D010710:Phosphates; D014867:Water; D012266:Ribose; D004247:DNA; D008697:Methane