title: Gd-encapsulated carbonaceous dots with efficient renal clearance for magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: Nanoprobes for MRI and optical imaging are demonstrated. Gd@C-dots possess strong fluorescence and can effectively enhance signals on T1 -weighted MR images. The nanoprobes have low toxicity, and, despite a relatively large size, can be efficiently excreted by renal clearance from the host after systemic injection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA; Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Hongmin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
authors.forename: Geoffrey D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
authors.forename: Trever
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
authors.forename: Zipeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
authors.forename: Chu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tsang
authors.affiliation: Bio-Imaging Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
authors.forename: Khan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hekmatyar
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cowger
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hubbard
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
authors.forename: Weizhong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stickney
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Baozhong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA; Bio-Imaging Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002214:Capsules; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D004355:Drug Stability; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D008024:Ligands; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules; D003287:Contrast Media; D008024:Ligands; D009842:Oligopeptides; D002244:Carbon; C047981:arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid; D005682:Gadolinium
keywords: MRI; T1 contrast agent; carbonaceous dots; gadolinium; renal clearance