title: Balancing therapeutic safety and efficacy to improve clinical and economic outcomes in schizophrenia: a managed care perspective.
abstract: Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder associated with high morbidity and mortality, reduced life expectancy, and increased economic burden. Antipsychotic agents used for the management of schizophrenia are often associated with undesirable adverse effects, such as weight gain and metabolic abnormalities, contributing to elevated risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and mortality. Contributors to the growing economic burden of schizophrenia include direct (eg, medical care and hospitalization) and indirect costs (eg, lost productivity and mortality). Strategies to reduce these expenditures include the use of generic medications, improving treatment adherence, avoidance of switching antipsychotic therapies, reducing disease relapses, and appropriate management of cardiometabolic disease. Arguably, while pharmacy benefit and managed care strategies (eg, prior authorization, prescription caps, copayments and patient cost-sharing strategies, tiered formulary pricing, and gap coverage) are designed and implemented to reduce healthcare costs, they may have the unintended result of creating barriers to treatment access and thereby contribute to further adverse patient outcomes. Managed care professionals should be cognizant of the drivers of cost and the need for cardiometabolic monitoring to individualize care for patients with schizophrenia. Further, comprehensive disease management plans should be developed that include the monitoring of disease progression and treatment adherence, while factoring in medication and healthcare administration costs.
authors.affiliation: liu@ncqa.org.
authors.forename: Junqing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016527:Drug Costs; D006801:Humans; D008329:Managed Care Programs / Q000191:economics; D061214:Patient Safety; D058996:Quality Improvement; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents