title: Accuracy of lachman and anterior drawer tests for anterior cruciate ligament injuries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The knee joint is prone to injury because of its complexity and weight-bearing function. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures happen in young and physically active population and can result in instability, meniscal tears, and articular cartilage damage. The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of Lachman and anterior drawer tests in ACL injury in compare with arthroscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a descriptive, analytical study from 2009 to 2013, 653 patients who were suspected to have ACL rapture were entered the study. Statistical analysis was performed by the usage of SPSS 16. Multiple comparison procedures were performed for comparing data between clinical examination and arthroscopic findings and their relation with age and sex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of patients was 28.3±7.58 years (range from 16 to 68 years). From 428 patients, 41.2% (175 patients) were between 26 and 35, 38.8% (165 ones) between 15 and 25 and 20% (85 patients) out of 36 years. 414 patients were male (97.2%) and 12 were female (2.8%). Sensitivity of anterior drawer test was 94.4% and sensitivity of Lachman test was 93.5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diagnosis of the ACL injury and the decision to reconstruct ACL could be reliably made with regards to the anterior drawer and Lachman tests result. The tests did not have privilege to each other. The test accuracy increased considerably under anesthesia especially in women.
authors.affiliation: Hadi Makhmalbaf MD, Ali Moradi MD, Saeid Ganji MD, Farzad Omidi-Kashani MD, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ghaem Hospital Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Makhmalbaf
authors.affiliation: Hadi Makhmalbaf MD, Ali Moradi MD, Saeid Ganji MD, Farzad Omidi-Kashani MD, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ghaem Hospital Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moradi
authors.affiliation: Hadi Makhmalbaf MD, Ali Moradi MD, Saeid Ganji MD, Farzad Omidi-Kashani MD, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ghaem Hospital Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ganji
authors.affiliation: Hadi Makhmalbaf MD, Ali Moradi MD, Saeid Ganji MD, Farzad Omidi-Kashani MD, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ghaem Hospital Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Farzad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Omidi-Kashani
keywords: Accuracy; Anterior drawer test; Lachman test