title: Effects of an energy-restricted diet rich in plant-derived α-linolenic acid on systemic inflammation and endothelial function in overweight-to-obese patients with metabolic syndrome traits.
abstract: Plant-derived α-linolenic acid (ALA) may reduce the risk of CVD, possibly by decreasing systemic inflammation and improving endothelial function. In the present study, the effects of a hypoenergetic diet rich in ALA (3·4 g/d) on the biomarkers of systemic inflammation and vascular function were investigated in eighty-one overweight-to-obese patients with metabolic syndrome traits in comparison with a hypoenergetic diet low in ALA (0·9 g/d, control). After a 6-month dietary intervention, there were significant decreases in the serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), TNF-α, IL-6, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble endothelial selectin (sE-selectin) and asymmetric dimethylarginine in both dietary groups. However, no inter-group differences were observed for all these changes. The serum concentration of YKL-40 (human cartilage glycoprotein 39 or chitinase-3-like protein 1) decreased after the ALA diet when compared with the control diet (P< 0·05 for time × treatment interaction). Plasma concentrations of fibrinogen did not significantly change in the two dietary groups. The decreases in the serum concentrations of sICAM-1, sE-selectin, CRP and YKL-40 were significantly correlated with the decreases in body fat mass. In conclusion, the present study indicates that in overweight-to-obese patients with metabolic syndrome traits, both vascular function and inflammation are improved during body-weight loss. The high ALA intake led to a more pronounced reduction in the serum concentration of YKL-40 compared with the intake of the low-ALA control diet, indicating the existence of independent favourable physiological effects of ALA during weight loss.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science,Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn,Endenicher Allee 11-13,53115Bonn,Germany.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Egert
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition,University of Applied Sciences,48149Muenster,Germany.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baxheinrich
authors.affiliation: Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Ruhr-University Bochum,32545Bad Oeynhausen,Germany.
authors.forename: Young Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee-Barkey
authors.affiliation: Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Ruhr-University Bochum,32545Bad Oeynhausen,Germany.
authors.forename: Diethelm
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tschoepe
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition,University of Applied Sciences,48149Muenster,Germany.
authors.forename: Ursel
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wahrburg
authors.affiliation: Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Ruhr-University Bochum,32545Bad Oeynhausen,Germany.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stratmann
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D015536:Down-Regulation; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D037102:Lectins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015431:Weight Loss; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D015415:Biomarkers; C084533:CHI3L1 protein, human; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; D019040:E-Selectin; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; C573420:ICAM1 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D037102:Lectins; D010938:Plant Oils; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; C546936:SELE protein, human; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; C018524:N,N-dimethylarginine; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D001120:Arginine