title: [Oral exposure of fluorochloridone caused testes damage of Sparague-Dawley rats].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of fluorochloridone (FLC) exposure on the testes of adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups. These groups, each of 10 male rats, were separately given FLC by gavage at a dose of 0 (control), 30, 150, or 750 mg/kg once daily for 28 d. The oxidative stress biomarkers in the testes were measured by spectrophotometry. The pathological changes in testicular tissues were evaluated under the light and electric microscopes. The cauda epididymal sperm count was determined. The testicular toxicity of FLC was assessed accordingly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the control group, the 750 mg/kg FLC group had significantly lower testicular weight and organ coefficient, epididymal weight, and cauda epididymal sperm count (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), the 150 and 750 mg/kg FLC groups had significantly increased malonaldehyde content (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), each exposed group had a significantly reduced glutathione (GSH) level (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), the 750 mg/kg FLC group had significantly reduced activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), GSH peroxidase, GSH S-transferase (GSH-ST), and GSH reductase (GSH-GR) (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), the 150 mg/kg FLC group showed significant decreases in the activities of all antioxidant enzymes except GSH-GR (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and the 30 mg/kg FLC group showed significant decreases in the activities of SOD and CAT (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Furthermore, seminiferous epithelial degeneration, Sertoli cell vacuolization, spermatogenic cell loss, and nuclear damage were observed under the light and electronic microscopes in the 150 and 750 mg/kg FLC groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FLC could damage the testes of adult rats by inducting oxidative stress. This research provided clues and directions for further exploration of the mechanism of FLC testicular toxicity.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health/ Key Lab for Public Health Safety of MOE/WHO Collaborating Center for Occupational Health (Shanghai), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Leirui
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Qiankui
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.forename: Xiuli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Xinyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: E-mail: zjzhou@shmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhijun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D011760:Pyrrolidinones; C077976:raiser