title: Swimming training repercussion on metabolic and structural bone development; benefits of the incorporation of whole body vibration or pilometric training; the RENACIMIENTO project.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Enviromental factors such as exercise participation and nutrition have often been linked to bone improvements. However, not all sports have the same effects, being non-osteogenic sports such as swimming defined as negative or neutral sports to practice regarding bone mass by some authors, similarly exercise-diet interaction in especific groups is still not clear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To present the methodology of the RENACIMENTO project that aims to evaluate body composition and more specifically bone mass by several techniques in adolescent swimmers and to observe the effects and perdurability of whole body vibration (WBV) and jumping intervention (JIN) on body composition and fitness on this population and explore posible diet interactions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  78 swimmers (12-17 y) and 26 sex- and age-matched controls will participate in this study. Dual energy X-ray, peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography, Quantitative Ultrasound, Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, and anthropometry measurements will be performed in order to evaluate body composition. Physical activity, nutrition, pubertal development and socio-economical status may act as confounders of body composition and therefore will also be registered. Several fitness factors regarding strength, endurance, performance and others will also be registered to evaluate differences with controls and act as confounders. A 7-month WBV therapy will be performed by 26 swimmers consisting of a training of 15 minutes 3 times per week. An 8 month JIM will also be performed by 26 swimmers 3 times per week. The remaining 26 swimmers will continue their normal swimming training. Four evaluations will be performed, the first one in order to describe differences between swimmers and controls. The second one to describe the effects of the interventions and the third and fourth evaluations to describe the perdurability of the effects of the WBV and JIN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The RENACIMIENTO project will allow to answer several questions regarding body composition, fitness, bone mass and interaction with diet of adolescent swimmers, describe swimming as a positive, negative or neutral sport to practice regarding these parameters and elucidate the effects and perdurability of WBV and JIM on body composition.
authors.affiliation: GENUD "Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development" Research Group. Universidad de Zaragoza. Spain. Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD). Department of Physiatry and Nursing. Universidad de Zaragoza. Huesca. Spain.. bruton@unizar.es.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gómez-Bruton
authors.affiliation: GENUD "Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development" Research Group. Universidad de Zaragoza. Spain. Department of Sports and Exercise Science. Aberystwyth University. UK... alg28@aber.ac.uk.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Agüero
authors.affiliation: GENUD "Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development" Research Group. Universidad de Zaragoza. Spain. Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD). Department of Physiatry and Nursing. Universidad de Zaragoza. Huesca. Spain.. joseant@unizar.es.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Casajus
authors.affiliation: GENUD "Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development" Research Group. Universidad de Zaragoza. Spain. Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD). Department of Physiatry and Nursing. Universidad de Zaragoza. Huesca. Spain.. gervicen@unizar.es.
authors.forename: German
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vicente-Rodriguez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015519:Bone Density; D001846:Bone Development; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D014732:Vibration