title: [Photography in plastic surgery: practices, uses and legislation].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Photography in plastic surgery is omnipresent. Through its various uses, it may present both ethical and forensic risks. The objective of this study is to analyze the use of medical photography by the plastic surgeon, the perception of this use by the patient, and consequence of such use.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire about the use of medical photography was assessed to 629 plastic surgeons. A questionnaire was given to patients, about their perception of the use of photography by their surgeon.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and seventy-six surgeon's questionnaires and 93 patient's questionnaires were analyzed. For 97.7% of the responding surgeons, the proportion of patients refusing to be photographed was less then 1/20. The objective of the photography was especially medicolegal for 62.5% of the surgeons, especially for following the patient progress (87.5%), partially for the formation (72.1%), partially for scientific publications (57.8%) and not at all for the personal publicity (73.1%). Surgeons often share his photographs with others surgeons (71.1%), sometimes with others medical personnel (48.8%). The security and the access to photographs were determined to be correct for 67.6% of the surgeons and perfect for 23.3%. In total, 17.2% of the surgeons obtained a written consent, 41.4% obtained an oral consent, and 38.5% did not request patient consent. It was found that 48.3% of the surgeons and 40.2% of the patients think that the right to the photographic images belong to the patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medical photographs expose the plastic surgeon to medico-legal risks. He must know and follow the law in order to prevent eventual legal proceedings.
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale, plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique, CHU de Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France. Electronic address: aderunz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Runz
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale, plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique, CHU de Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale, plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique, CHU de Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brix
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale, plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique, CHU de Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sorin
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale, plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique, CHU de Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brengard-Bresler
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale, plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique, CHU de Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pineau
authors.affiliation: EA 7299, ETHOS, faculté de médecine, université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guyon
authors.affiliation: EA 7299, ETHOS, faculté de médecine, université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France; Pôle S2R, CHU de Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Claudot
mesh_terms: D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010781:Photography / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Chirurgie plastique; Confidentiality; Confidentialité; Dossiers médicaux; Droits du patient; Medical records; Patient rights; Photographie; Photography; Plastic surgery