title: Assessment of the pathogenesis of Streptococcus suis type 2 infection in piglets for understanding streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome, meningitis, and sequelae.
abstract: Streptococcus suis type 2 (SS2) is an zoonotic pathogen that had caused outbreaks in 1998 and 2005 in China. It is still not very clear how the disease progresses into the streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (STSLS) or meningitis, as well as the sequelae from the survivals. The present study used piglets as infection model to systematically investigate the pathogenesis of the infection caused by the SS2 strain 05ZYH33. The infected piglets showed joint swelling, lameness, and crouch at beginning, then developed into septic-like shock syndrome (SLSS) or prostration syndrome, at last the survivals showed physical activity impairment. The morbidity and mortality were 100% (71% for SLSS, 29% for prostration syndrome) and 29%, respectively. The pigs exhibiting SLSS had deep invasive infections in tissues and organs, and displayed more severe bacteremia and cytokine secretion in the bloodstream and organs than pigs with prostration syndrome. Moreover, the polymorphisms in the toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1) and TLR2 genes varied between the pigs affected with SLSS and prostration syndrome. Several lines of evidence indicated that SS2 infection progression into SLSS or relatively lighter prostration syndrome in pigs is closely related to the degrees of bacteremia and cytokine storm, which may be inherently determined by the diversity of innate immunity-associated genes. Furthermore, brain lesions, such as venous thrombosis, may directly contribute to the sequelae in human cases, were identified in the pigs. These results might help us to further understand the pathogenesis of SS2 in humans.
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology (CASPMI), Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Yuhai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology (CASPMI), Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology (CASPMI), Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Limin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology (CASPMI), Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology (CASPMI), Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology (CASPMI), Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology (CASPMI), Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
authors.forename: Yanbo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China.
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology (CASPMI), Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Beinan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology (CASPMI), Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Office of Director-General, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: George Fu
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology (CASPMI), Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. Electronic address: liuwj@im.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Wenjun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000276:immunology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D016207:Cytokines; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D006652:Histological Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics; D008581:Meningitis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017011:Streptococcus suis / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D013552:Swine; D051194:Toll-Like Receptor 1 / Q000235:genetics; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000235:genetics; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D017931:DNA Primers; D051194:Toll-Like Receptor 1; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Meningitis; Pathogenesis; Piglet; Sequelae; Streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome; Streptococcus suis type 2