title: Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in childhood bacterial meningitis: a multicenter study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate clinical features and sequela in children with acute bacterial meningitis (ABM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicenter retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study includes retrospective chart review of children hospitalised with ABM at 11 hospitals in İstanbul during 2005. Follow up visits were conducted for neurologic examination, hearing evaluation and neurodevelopmental tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and eighty three children were included in the study. Median age was 12 months and 68.6% of patients were male. Almost all patients had fever at presentation (97%). Patients younger than 6 months tended to present with feeding difficulties (84%), while patients older than 24 months were more likely to present with vomitting (93%) and meningeal signs (84%). Seizures were present in 65 (23%) patients. 26% of patients were determined to have at least one major sequela. The most common sequelae were speech or language problems (14.5%). 6 patients were severely disabled because of meningitis. Presence of focal neurologic signs at presentation and turbid cerebrospinal fluid appearance increased sequelae significantly. Childen under 24 months of age developed neurologic sequelae more commonly than older children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Symptoms and signs were largely depending on the age of the patient. Speech or language problems were the most common sequelae following meningitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozden
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Türel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Canan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yıldırım
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yüksel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yılmaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Audiology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sezer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Külekçi
authors.affiliation: Department of Audiology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ferda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Akdaş
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bakır
keywords: Bacterial meningitis; children; sequelae; signs and symptoms