title: Higher order Arabidopsis 14-3-3 mutants show 14-3-3 involvement in primary root growth both under control and abiotic stress conditions.
abstract: Arabidopsis 14-3-3 proteins are a family of conserved proteins that interact with numerous partner proteins in a phospho-specific manner, and can affect the target proteins in a number of ways; e.g. modification of enzymatic activity. We isolated T-DNA insertion lines in six 14-3-3 genes within the non-epsilon group that phylogenetically group in three closely related gene pairs. In total, 6 single, 3 double, 12 triple, and 3 quadruple mutants were generated. The mutants were phenotyped for primary root growth on control plates: single and double mutants were indistinguishable from WT, whereas six triples and all quadruples showed a shorter primary root. In addition, length of the first epidermal cell with a visible root hair bulge (LEH) was used to determine primary root elongation on medium containing mannitol and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). This analysis showed clear differences depending on the stress and 14-3-3 gene combinations. Next to the phenotypic growth analyses, a 14-3-3 pull-down assay on roots treated with and without mannitol showed that mannitol stress strongly affects the 14-3-3 interactome. In conclusion, we show gene specificity and functional redundancy among 14-3-3 proteins in primary root elongation under control and under abiotic stress conditions and changes in the 14-3-3 interactome during the onset of stress adaptation.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P J M
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: van Kleeff
authors.affiliation: Centre for Plant Molecular Biology-Plant Physiology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jaspert
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Centre for Plant Molecular Biology-Plant Physiology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rauch
authors.affiliation: Centre for Plant Molecular Biology-Plant Physiology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oecking
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands a.h.de.boer@vu.nl.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: de Boer
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000598:Amino Acids, Cyclic; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D008353:Mannitol; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D010641:Phenotype; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D000598:Amino Acids, Cyclic; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; C023863:1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; D008353:Mannitol
keywords: 14-3-3; LEH; Redundancy; abiotic stress; primary root.; stress-interactome