title: Association between dietary calcium intake and arterial stiffness according to dietary vitamin D intake in men.
abstract: Studies on the associations of dietary Ca and vitamin D intakes with arterial stiffness are scarce. In the present study, these associations were evaluated in Japanese men. Data from a total of 535 eligible men, aged 35-69 years, who participated in the baseline survey of a cohort study in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan, and underwent brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) measurements were analysed. ba-PWV is a measure of arterial stiffness and is recognised as a marker of atherosclerotic vascular damage. Information regarding the cohort's lifestyle characteristics including dietary behaviour over the past year was obtained from a structured self-administered questionnaire. Dietary Ca and vitamin D intakes were adjusted for total energy intake using the residual method and divided into quartiles; the highest quartile was used as the reference. General linear models were used to evaluate the associations between dietary Ca and vitamin D intakes and ba-PWV values adjusted for probable covariates. The association between dietary Ca intake and ba-PWV was further evaluated using similar general linear models stratified by dietary vitamin D intake (median or below/above median). Dietary Ca intake was found to be significantly inversely associated with ba-PWV after adjusting for probable covariates (P for trend = 0·020). However, no such association was observed between dietary vitamin D intake and ba-PWV. The inverse association between dietary Ca intake and ba-PWV was striking in subjects with higher dietary vitamin D intake. However, no association was found in subjects with lower dietary vitamin D intake. These results indicate that adequate dietary Ca and vitamin D intakes may be protective against the development of arterial stiffness in Japanese men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine,Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School,3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho,Tokushima770-8503,Japan.
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uemura
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine,Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School,3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho,Tokushima770-8503,Japan.
authors.forename: Sakurako
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katsuura-Kamano
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine,Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School,3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho,Tokushima770-8503,Japan.
authors.forename: Miwa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition,Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School,3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho,Tokushima770-8503,Japan.
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine,Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School,3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho,Tokushima770-8503,Japan.
authors.forename: Mineyoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiyoshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine,Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School,3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho,Tokushima770-8503,Japan.
authors.forename: Kokichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arisawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015415:Biomarkers; D002118:Calcium / Q000172:deficiency; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000208:ethnology; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D059289:Vascular Stiffness; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D014807:Vitamin D; D002118:Calcium