title: Evaluation of hip fracture risk factors in older adults in the Lebanese population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hip fractures are serious fall injuries that often result in long-term functional impairment and increased mortality. As the population ages, the number of hip fractures is likely to increase worldwide. The main objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the risk factors of hip fracture among the older adults in the Lebanese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  This pilot epidemiological, prospective, and case-control study was performed in 6 hospitals in Great Beirut and South Lebanon. Subjects who met the inclusion criteria filled out a questionnaire consisting on the socio- demographic characteristics, health status, drugs intake and cigarette smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 195 subjects were recruited, with 65 cases of hip fracture and 130 controls all aged over 50 yr. Females represented around two third of the studied population. The logistic regression, using adjusted odds ratio (ORa), showed a significant relationship between hip fracture and chronic diseases (ORa=3.02; 95% CI: 1.63, 6.66), antihypertensive drugs intake (ORa=2.72; 95% CI: 1.56, 6.42), fall (ORa=2.79; 95% CI: 1.82, 7.06) previous fracture (ORa=3.80; 95% CI: 1.57, 9.23) and family history of fracture (ORa=4.82; 95% CI: (2.29, 10.86). Besides, smoking increased the risk of hip fracture (ORa=2.55; 95% CI: (1.96, 5.80). Having a bow was associated with the highest risk for hip fracture (ORa=5.18; 95% CI: 2.30, 12.24).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elderly people in Lebanon are exposed to many risk factors contributing to hip fracture. Our finding has implication in geriatric health improvement by preventing hip fracture in the Lebanese population.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon. w.bawab@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Wafa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bawab
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Mohamad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saad
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Nour
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hajjar
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Samar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rachidi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Amal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al Hajje
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Sanaa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Awada
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salameh
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D056305:Genu Varum / Q000150:complications; D006304:Health Status; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007861:Lebanon / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents
keywords: Adults; Drugs; Fracture; Lebanon; Risk; Smoking