title: The effect of age, gender, and insertion site on marginal bone loss around endosseous implants: results from a 3-year trial with premium implant system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to evaluate bone changes around endosseous implants in partially edentulous patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 632 two-stage implants were placed in 252 patients. The implants had straight emergence profile, ZirTi surface, 3.3 to 5 mm diameter, and 8.5 to 13 mm length. Bone levels were assessed on orthopantomography immediately after surgery and after 36 months and marginal bone loss (MBL) was calculated from their difference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cumulative survival rate was 98.73%. Overall MBL was 0.8 mm ± 0.03 (mean ± SEM). Higher MBL was observed around implants in the maxilla than in the mandible (P < 0.007). A relation between implant diameter and MBL (P < 0.0001) was observed in male and, more limitedly, female patients. Older patients had higher MBL in the maxilla, but not in the mandible (P < 0.0001). MBL progressively increased with age in male patients, but reached a peak already in the 50-60 years age group in the female subset (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall MBL is consistent with the available literature. Site difference and patient age and gender appear to significantly affect MBL, representing important factors to be considered during implant placement.
authors.affiliation: Private Practice, 29121 Piacenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Negri
authors.affiliation: SBiBiT, Centro di Odontoiatria, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7476-7181
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.affiliation: SBiBiT, Centro di Odontoiatria, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Arianna
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8301-5982
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smerieri
authors.affiliation: SBiBiT, Centro di Odontoiatria, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Guido M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Macaluso
authors.affiliation: SBiBiT, Centro di Odontoiatria, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Edoardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Manfredi
authors.affiliation: SBiBiT, Centro di Odontoiatria, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2902-2214
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ghiacci
authors.affiliation: SBiBiT, Centro di Odontoiatria, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1641-7743
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toffoli
authors.affiliation: SBiBiT, Centro di Odontoiatria, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonanini
authors.affiliation: SBiBiT, Centro di Odontoiatria, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0826-927X
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lumetti
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015984:Causality; D015897:Comorbidity; D003759:Dental Implantation, Endosseous, Endodontic / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D007576:Jaw, Edentulous, Partially / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D011859:Radiography; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016896:Treatment Outcome