title: Antibiotic prescribing for the future: exploring the attitudes of trainees in general practice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antibiotic resistance is a public health concern worldwide. A high proportion of antibiotics are prescribed in primary care, often for conditions where there is no evidence of benefit. Without a change in these prescribing patterns, resistance will persist as a significant problem in the future. Little is known about how trainees in general practice perceive and develop their prescribing.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore the attitudes of trainees in general practice towards antibiotic use and resistance, and the perceived influences on their prescribing.
  
  
  METHODS
  A qualitative study of 17 vocational trainees in general practice (GP registrars) in both rural and urban areas in Australia employing semi-structured interviews and a focus group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maximum variation purposive sampling of GP registrars from diverse backgrounds and training stages continued until thematic saturation was achieved. Topics of discussion included awareness of antibiotic resistance, use of evidence-based guidelines, and perceived influences on prescribing. Transcribed interviews were coded independently by two researchers. Data collection and analysis were concurrent and cumulative, using a process of iterative thematic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Registrars were aware of the importance of evidence-based antibiotic prescribing and the impact of their decisions on resistance. Many expressed a sense of dissonance between their knowledge and behaviours. Contextual influences on their decisions included patient and system factors, diagnostic uncertainty, transitioning from hospital medicine, and the habits of, and relationship with, their supervisor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Understanding how trainees in general practice perceive and develop antibiotic prescribing habits will enable targeted educational interventions to be designed and implemented at a crucial stage in training, working towards ensuring appropriate antibiotic prescribing in the future.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of General Practice, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Anthea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dallas
authors.affiliation: Discipline of General Practice, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Mieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Driel
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing & Midwifery, Griffith University, Meadowbrook, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Thea
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van de Mortel
authors.affiliation: University of Newcastle, Discipline of General Practice, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Parker
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Magin
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D058006:General Practice / Q000193:education*; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000592:standards; D036301:Qualitative Research
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: antibacterial agents; drug resistance, general practice; graduate medical education; microbial; physician prescribing patterns