title: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors as reversal agents for ABC transporter mediated drug resistance.
abstract: Tyrosine kinases (TKs) play an important role in pathways that regulate cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and metastasis. Aberrant activity of TKs has been implicated in several types of cancers. In recent years, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been developed to interfere with the activity of deregulated kinases. These TKIs are remarkably effective in the treatment of various human cancers including head and neck, gastric, prostate and breast cancer and several types of leukemia. However, these TKIs are transported out of the cell by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, resulting in development of a characteristic drug resistance phenotype in cancer patients. Interestingly, some of these TKIs also inhibit the ABC transporter mediated multi drug resistance (MDR) thereby; enhancing the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. This review discusses the clinically relevant TKIs and their interaction with ABC drug transporters in modulating MDR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA. nagaraju.anreddy08@my.stjohns.edu.
authors.forename: Nagaraju
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Anreddy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA. pranav.gupta13@my.stjohns.edu.
authors.forename: Pranav
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA. rishil.kathawala10@my.stjohns.edu.
authors.forename: Rishil J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Kathawala
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA. atishpatel268@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Atish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA. WURPELJ@stjohns.edu.
authors.forename: John N D
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Wurpel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA. chenz@stjohns.edu.
authors.forename: Zhe-Sheng
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors