title: Biocompatibility of a self-adhesive gutta-percha-based material in subcutaneous tissue of mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of a self-adhesive gutta-percha material and compare it with that of conventional gutta-percha.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standard quantities of bioactive gutta-percha and conventional gutta-percha were directly inserted subcutaneously into the dorsal connective tissue of 30 BALB/c mice according to ISO 10993-6. After 7, 21, and 63 days each, 10 animals were euthanized, and the materials and surrounding tissue were removed. Tissue samples were subjected to histological processing resulting in 5-μm-thick slices stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Gomori trichrome stain. A grade ranging from I-IV was used to classify the inflammatory reaction. The Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction was used to compare the grade of inflammation induced by the materials at each time point. Qualitative evaluation of biocompatibility over time was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bioactive gutta-percha was more biocompatible than conventional gutta-percha at each time interval (P < .05). Tissue exposed to bioactive gutta-percha reached "no inflammation" (grade I) at the 21-day interval, whereas it took 63 days for the conventional gutta-percha to reach the "slight inflammation" level (grade II).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bioactive gutta-percha presented good tissue reaction at all time points. It may serve as an alternative to gutta-percha in terms of biocompatibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Felipe Gonçalves
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Belladonna
authors.affiliation: Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mônica Diuana
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Calasans-Maia
authors.affiliation: Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana Terezinha Neves
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Novellino Alves
authors.affiliation: Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Figueiredo
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: de Brito Resende
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry II, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, Brazil.
authors.forename: Erick Miranda
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sandra Rivera
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Fidel
authors.affiliation: Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: endogus@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De-Deus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002481:Cellulitis / Q000473:pathology; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis; D004487:Edema / Q000473:pathology; D005337:Fibrin / Q000032:analysis; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005355:Fibrosis; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045782:Hemiterpenes / Q000737:chemistry; D007840:Latex / Q000737:chemistry; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000473:pathology; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D045782:Hemiterpenes; D007840:Latex; D006171:Gutta-Percha; D005337:Fibrin; C455100:1,4-polyisoprene; D003094:Collagen; D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: Bioactive gutta-percha; biocompatibility; dental materials; gutta-percha; root canal filling