title: Biomarkers associated with periimplant diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recently, implantology has shifted its focus from implant placement to periimplant disease early detection, prevention, and treatment. The purpose of this article was to review the current understanding of the biomarkers associated with periimplant diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A search of PubMed was conducted up to August 2013 with keywords "peri-implantitis" and "biomarkers." Selected articles addressed the relationship between biomarkers and periimplant mucositis or peri-implantitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Biomarkers have been shown to possess potential in detecting periimplant diseases. For example, interleukin (IL)-1β levels were shown to be a good marker to detect periimplant mucositis lesions before they progress to peri-implantitis. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 levels in periimplant sulcus fluid may be useful for monitoring the progression of periimplant disease. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL) were found to be significantly higher in peri-implantitis sites compared with healthy implant sites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biomarkers such as IL-1β, MMP-8, OPG, RANKL, and others have shown promising outcomes in differentiating from periimplant disease to health. However, because of varying results, additional evidence is needed to validate the links reported.
authors.affiliation: *Resident, Graduate Periodontics, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI. †Professor and Director of Graduate Periodontics, Graduate Periodontics, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI.
authors.forename: Jeff Yuanjun
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hom-Lay
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers