title: An overview of seventy years of research (1944-2014) on toxoplasmosis in Colombia, South America.
abstract: This paper summarizes prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in humans and animals and associated correlates of infection, clinical spectrum of disease in humans, and genetic diversity of T. gondii isolates from Colombia. Recent studies, especially in the states of Antioquia, Quindío and Cundinamarca, indicate that toxoplasmosis is a major public health problem. Approximately half of the women of child bearing age have T. gondii antibodies, and the clinical disease in congenitally infected children is more severe than in Europe. Limited studies indicate that the strains of T. gondii from Colombia are genetically and phenotypically different than in Europe and North America. However, epidemiological factors, such as the involvement of domestic and/or wild animals in transmission, the distribution of strain diversity by natural geographic regions, and the variation in risk factors between regions that are associated with human infection in Colombia, remain unknown. Areas of research for the future are outlined. This review should be of interest to biologists, veterinarians, physicians, and parasitologists.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av, Prof, Dr, Orlando Marques de Paiva 87 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-270, Brasil. william.canon@ucaldas.edu.co.
authors.forename: William Alberto
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Cañón-Franco
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: López-Orozco
authors.forename: Jorge Enrique
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gómez-Marín
authors.forename: Jitender P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Dubey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003105:Colombia / Q000453:epidemiology; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014123:Toxoplasmosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000266:history*