title: Excitatory amino acid changes in the brains of rhesus monkeys following selective cerebral deep hypothermia and blood flow occlusion.
abstract: Selective cerebral deep hypothermia and blood flow occlusion can enhance brain tolerance to ischemia and hypoxia and reduce cardiopulmonary complications in monkeys. Excitotoxicity induced by the release of a large amount of excitatory amino acids after cerebral ischemia is the major mechanism underlying ischemic brain injury and nerve cell death. In the present study, we used selective cerebral deep hypothermia and blood flow occlusion to block the bilateral common carotid arteries and/or bilateral vertebral arteries in rhesus monkey, followed by reperfusion using Ringer's solution at 4°C. Microdialysis and transmission electron microscope results showed that selective cerebral deep hypothermia and blood flow occlusion inhibited the release of glutamic acid into the extracellular fluid in the brain frontal lobe and relieved pathological injury in terms of the ultrastructure of brain tissues after severe cerebral ischemia. These findings indicate that cerebral deep hypothermia and blood flow occlusion can inhibit cytotoxic effects and attenuate ischemic/hypoxic brain injury through decreasing the release of excitatory amino acids, such as glutamic acid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100065, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pu
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, Yunnan Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100065, China.
authors.forename: Jizong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
keywords: brain injury; brain protection; excitatory amino acids; glutamic acid; grants-supported paper; high performance liquid chromatogram; microdialysis; neural regeneration; neuroregeneration; photographs-containing paper; rhesus monkey; selective deep hypothermia; ultrastructure