title: Pharmacogenomics in psychiatry: implications for practice.
abstract: Psychotropic medications are used for numerous psychiatric and neurologic disorders, and are associated with in some cases life-threatening adverse effects, high acquisition costs, stringent monitoring requirements, and potential interactions with other medications. Because of the risks of adverse effects and need for adherence, risk mitigation strategies are being implemented to protect consumers. An understanding of receptor activities, cytochrome P450 2D6 and 2C19 metabolism, overlapping pharmacology, and polymorphic biomarkers for the dopamine 2 D2 receptor gene (DRD2) and dopamine 3 D3 receptor gene (DRD3), serotonin 2A and 2C receptor genes (5HTR2A and 5HTR2C), and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) variants creates opportunities for the integration of pharmacogenomics, and can assist in the application of personalized medicine in this arena. In this review, we discuss the current impression of pharmacogenomic principles pertaining to select psychotropics, with attention given to the atypical antipsychotics, due to their wide use across a broad spectrum of psychiatric disorders (e.g. bipolar disorder, depression, schizophrenia). Patents involving aripiprazole, clozapine, olanzapine, and risperidone will be discussed.
authors.forename: Thea R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacotherapeutics & Clinical Research, University of South Florida College of Pharmacy, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd. MDC 30, Tampa, FL 33612, USA. Tmoore2@health.usf.edu.
authors.forename: Siva K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Panguluri
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D010330:Patents as Topic; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D044348:Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D044348:Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT2; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6