title: Prevalence and characteristics of non-obese diabetes in Japanese men and women: the Yuport Medical Checkup Center Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study examined the prevalence and characteristics of type 2 diabetes in non-obese subjects to compare their cardiometabolic markers to those without diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were used from 17,098 men and 17,199 women from a voluntary health checkup program between 1998 and 2006 conducted in Japan. The prevalence of diabetes (fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L, hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5%, or known diabetes) was calculated in each subgroup of body mass index (group 1, <22; group 2, 22-25; group 3, 25-27.5; and group 4, ≥ 27.5). The effect of diabetes and obesity on risk of an abnormal level of cardiometabolic marker was evaluated with a logistic regression model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In men, the prevalence of diabetes was 9.5% in total, 6.4%, 9.4%, 11.3% and 16.2% in group 1 through 4, respectively. In women, it accounted for 4.3% in total, 2.4%, 4.5%, 8.7% and 12.3% per group, respectively. Non-obese diabetic subjects (in group 1 and 2) accounted for 60.8% and 62.0% of all the diabetic subjects in men and women, respectively. Non-obese population accounted for 71.2% and 83.6% of all men and women, respectively. Levels of cardiometabolic markers were higher in diabetic subjects than in non-diabetic subjects in each subgroup. Diabetes was associated with each abnormal level of cardiometabolic marker independent of obesity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Over 60% of the diabetic subjects in this Japanese population were not obese. Non-obese diabetes is not widely addressed and should be considered for increased public attention. The elevated levels of cardiometabolic markers may contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in non-obese diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Saori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kashima
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Chiba Medical Center, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Department of Community-Based Medical System, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Akimoto Occupational Health Consultant Office, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kimihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akimoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence
keywords: body mass index; metabolic disease; non-obesity; prevalence; type 2 diabetes mellitus; 关键词：体重指数，代谢性疾病，非肥胖型，患病率，2型糖尿病