title: New autoantibody detection technologies yield novel insights into autoimmune disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this review is to highlight recent progress in autoantibody detection technologies and describe how these methods are providing novel information and insights into autoimmune disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In recent years, alternative methods such as comprehensive phage display, fluid-phase immunoassays, and antigen microarrays have been developed for autoantigen discovery and profiling autoantibody responses. Compared with classic approaches such as Western blot and ELISA, these methods show improved diagnostic performance, the ability to measure antibody responses to multiple targets, and/or allow more quantitative analyses. Specific notable findings include uncovering previously unrecognized autoantigens, the improved classification of patient clinical phenotypes, and the discovery of pathogenic autoantibodies promoting disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Advances in immunoassay technologies offer many opportunities for understanding the relationship between autoantibody detection and the myriad complex, clinical phenotypes characteristic of most autoimmune diseases. Further simplification and standardization of these technologies may allow routine integration into clinical practice with improved diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes.
authors.affiliation: aDental Clinical Research Core, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research bEnvironmental Autoimmunity Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Burbelo
authors.forename: Terrance P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: O'Hanlon
mesh_terms: D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D001324:Autoantigens