title: Non-contrast-enhanced peripheral angiography using a sliding interleaved cylinder acquisition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a new sequence for non-contrast-enhanced peripheral angiography using a sliding interleaved cylinder (SLINCYL) acquisition.
  
  
  METHODS
  A venous saturation pulse was incorporated into a three-dimensional magnetization-prepared balanced steady-state free precession sequence for non-contrast-enhanced peripheral angiography to improve artery-vein contrast. The SLINCYL acquisition, which consists of a series of overlapped thin slabs for volumetric coverage similar to the original sliding interleaved ky (SLINKY) acquisition, was used to evenly distribute the venous-suppression effects over the field of view. In addition, the thin-slab-scan nature of SLINCYL and the centric-ordered sampling geometry of its readout trajectory were exploited to implement efficient fluid-suppression and parallel imaging schemes. The sequence was tested in healthy subjects and a patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to a multiple overlapped thin slab acquisition, both SLINKY and SLINCYL suppressed the venetian blind artifacts and provided similar artery-vein contrast. However, SLINCYL achieved this with shorter scan times and less noticeable artifacts from k-space amplitude modulation than SLINKY. The fluid-suppression and parallel imaging schemes were also validated. A patient study using the SLINCYL-based sequence well identified stenoses at the superficial femoral arteries, which were also confirmed with digital subtraction angiography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-contrast-enhanced angiography using SLINCYL can provide angiograms with improved artery-vein contrast in the lower extremities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Magnetic Resonance Systems Research Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Kie Tae
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Magnetic Resonance Systems Research Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Adam B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Holden H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Magnetic Resonance Systems Research Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.|Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Palo Alto, California, USA.
authors.forename: Bob S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Jean H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Brittain
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Magnetic Resonance Systems Research Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Dwight G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Nishimura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016477:Artifacts; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D013848:Thigh / Q000098:blood supply
keywords: 3D concentric cylinders; Non-contrast-enhanced; SLINCYL; SLINKY; bSSFP; peripheral angiography