title: Epicatechin and catechin modulate endothelial activation induced by platelets of patients with peripheral artery disease.
abstract: Platelet activation contributes to the alteration of endothelial function, a critical initial step in atherogenesis through the production and release of prooxidant mediators. There is uncertainty about the precise role of polyphenols in interaction between platelets and endothelial cells (ECs). We aimed to investigate whether polyphenols are able to reduce endothelial activation induced by activated platelets. First, we compared platelet activation and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in 10 healthy subjects (HS) and 10 patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Then, we evaluated the effect of epicatechin plus catechin on platelet-HUVEC interaction by measuring soluble cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), NOx production, and eNOS phosphorylation (p-eNOS) in HUVEC. Compared to HS, PAD patients had enhanced platelet activation. Conversely, PAD patients had lower FMD than HS. Supernatant of activated platelets from PAD patients induced an increase of sCAMs release and a decrease of p-eNOS and nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability compared to unstimulated HUVEC. Coincubation of HUVEC, with supernatant of PAD platelets patients, pretreated with a scalar dose of the polyphenols, resulted in a decrease of sCAMs release and in an increase of p-eNOS and NO bioavailability. This study demonstrates that epicatechin plus catechin reduces endothelial activation induced by activated platelets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carnevale
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Loffredo
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nocella
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bartimoccia
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bucci
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Falco
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peruzzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chimenti
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Biondi-Zoccai
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pignatelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Violi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy ; Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS NeuroMed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frati
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002392:Catechin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000378:metabolism; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D002392:Catechin; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III