title: Assessment of temperament and character profile with anxiety and depression in patients with acne.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acne is the most common skin disease, affecting nearly 85% of the population as well as their lives. Acne can severely affect social and psychological functioning. Patients with acne may have anxiety, depression, decreased self-esteem, interpersonal difficulties, unemployment, social withdrawal, and even suicidal intent.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the temperament and character inventory (TCI) of patients with acne and to compare the results with those of healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consisted of 47 patients with acne, and 40 healthy control subjects. All participants were instructed to complete a self-administered 240-item TCI and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, the scores for the temperament properties Worry and pessimism (HA1) and Dependence (RD4) and the character properties Social acceptance (C1) and Integrated conscience (C5) were found to be higher in acne patients than in healthy controls (p<0.05). Compared to the controls, depression and anxiety scores were found to be markedly higher in the patients with acne. Acne type correlated positively with the Disorderliness (NS4) subscale of Novelty seeking (NS) and anxiety. Additionally, acne type correlated negatively with the Attachment (RD3) subscale of Reward Dependence (RD), with the Transpersonal identification (ST2) and Spiritual acceptance (ST3) subscales of Self-Trancendence (ST), and with the Compassion (C4) sub-scale of Cooperativeness (C).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Studies in this area may lead to the development of specific and focused interventions for TCI in patients with acne vulgaris. We suggest that the evaluation and treatment of acne should also include psychosomatic approaches in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.
authors.forename: Perihan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Oztürk
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatma Özlem
authors.initials: FÖ
authors.lastname: Orhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozer
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tuğba
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karakaş
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali Nuri
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Oksüz
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nur Yalçın
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Yetişir
keywords: Acne; anxiety; character; depression; temperament