title: ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Definitive External-Beam Irradiation in stage T1 and T2 prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the most updated American College of Radiology consensus guidelines formed from an expert panel on the appropriate use of external-beam radiation to manage stage T1 and T2 prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed every 2 years by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and review include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer-reviewed journals and the application of a well-established consensus methodology (modified Delphi) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures by the panel. In those instances where evidence is lacking or not definitive, expert opinion may be used to recommend imaging or treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The panel summarized the most recent and relevant literature on the topic and voted on 3 clinical variants illustrating the appropriate dose, techniques, and use of adjuvant hormone therapy with external-beam radiation for low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk prostate cancer. Numerical rating and commentary reflecting the panel consensus was given for each treatment approach in each variant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  External-beam radiation is a key component of the curative management of T1 and T2 prostate cancer. By combining the most recent medical literature and expert opinion, this guideline can aid clinicians in the appropriate use of external-beam radiation for prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: *Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital †Harvard Radiation Oncology Program, Boston, MA ‡Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL §American Urological Association, Linthicum, MD ∥Joint Center for Radiation Therapy, Boston, MA ¶American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA #MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX **Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco ∥∥Radiologic Associates of Sacramento and Sutter Cancer Center, Sacramento ##Western Radiation Oncology, Mountain View Oncology, Mountain View, CA ††William Beaumont Hospital, Troy ‡‡Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Novi, MI §§Schiffler Cancer Center and Wheeling Jesuit University, Wheeling, WV ¶¶Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA ***Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA †††Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY ‡‡‡Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
authors.forename: Paul L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Ayal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aizer
authors.forename: Dean G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Assimos
authors.forename: Anthony V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: D'Amico
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: Alexander R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Gottschalk
authors.forename: Gary S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Gustafson
authors.forename: I-Chow Joe
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Patrick W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Merrick
authors.forename: Seth A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: Timothy N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Showalter
authors.forename: Al V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Taira
authors.forename: Neha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vapiwala
authors.forename: Yoshiya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D001706:Biopsy; D001918:Brachytherapy; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D032921:Consensus; D003697:Delphi Technique; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D061766:Proton Therapy / Q000379:methods; D016634:Radiosurgery; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen