title: Assessment of sensorimotor gating following selective lesions of cholinergic pedunculopontine neurons.
abstract: Sensorimotor gating is the state-dependent transfer of sensory information into a motor system. When this occurs at an early stage of the processing stream it enables stimuli to be filtered out or partially ignored, thereby reducing the demands placed on advanced systems. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex (ASR) is the standard measure of sensorimotor gating. A brainstem-midbrain circuitry is widely viewed as mediating both PPI and ASR. In this circuitry, the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) integrates sensory input and cortico-basal ganglia output and, via presumed cholinergic signaling, inhibits ASR-generating neurons within the reticular formation. Non-selective damage to all neuronal types within PPTg reduces PPI. We assessed whether this effect originates in the loss of cholinergic signaling by examining ASR and PPI in rats bearing non-selective (excitotoxic) or selective cholinergic (Dtx-UII) lesions of PPTg. Excitotoxic lesions had no effect on ASR but reduced PPI at all prepulse levels tested. In contrast, selective depletion of cholinergic neurons reduced ASR to the extent that PPI was not measurable with standard (10-20 s) inter-trial intervals. Subsequent testing revealed appreciable ASRs could be generated when the inter-trial interval was increased (180 s). Under these conditions, PPI was assessed and no deficits were found after lesions of cholinergic PPTg neurons. These results show that cholinergic output from PPTg is essential for rapidly regenerating the ASR, but has no influence on PPI. Results are discussed in terms of sensorimotor integration circuitry and psychiatric disorders that feature disrupted ASR and PPI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Duncan A A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: MacLaren
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Markovic
authors.forename: Stewart D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000818:Animals; D059329:Cholinergic Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D004167:Diphtheria Toxin / Q000633:toxicity; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000633:toxicity; D007051:Ibotenic Acid / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D045042:Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D065808:Prepulse Inhibition / Q000502:physiology*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000502:physiology*; D014579:Urotensins / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D004167:Diphtheria Toxin; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D014579:Urotensins; D007051:Ibotenic Acid; C029677:urotensin II
keywords: brainstem; cholinergic; prepulse inhibition; rat; sensorimotor gating; startle