title: Vocalizations associated with anxiety and fear in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).
abstract: Vocalizations of common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) were examined under experimental situations related to fear or anxiety. When marmosets were isolated in an unfamiliar environment, they frequently vocalized "tsik-egg" calls, which were the combination calls of 'tsik' followed by several 'egg'. Tsik-egg calls were also observed after treatment with the anxiogenic drug FG-7142 (20mg/kg, sc). In contrast, when marmosets were exposed to predatory stimuli as fear-evoking situations, they frequently vocalized tsik solo calls as well as tsik-egg calls. These results suggest that marmosets dissociate the vocalization of tsik-egg and tsik calls under conditions related to fear/anxiety; tsik-egg solo vocalizations were emitted under anxiety-related conditions (e.g., isolation and anxiogenic drug treatment), whereas a mixed vocalization of tsik-egg and tsik was emitted when confronted with fear-provoking stimuli (i.e., threatening predatory stimuli). Tsik-egg call with/without tsik can be used as a specific vocal index of fear/anxiety in marmosets, which allows us to understand the neural mechanism of negative emotions in primate.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neuroimaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan. Electronic address: yoko.kato@uni-oldenburg.de.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neuroimaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; Graduate School of Human Relations, Keio University, 2-25-45 Mita, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan.
authors.forename: Hayato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gokan
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neuroimaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Arata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oh-Nishi
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neuroimaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suhara
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Human Relations, Keio University, 2-25-45 Mita, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neuroimaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan. Electronic address: minamoto@nirs.go.jp.
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Minamimoto
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001307:Auditory Perception; D002144:Callithrix; D002243:Carbolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005239:Fear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D018756:GABA Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D013997:Time Factors; D014828:Vocalization, Animal / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002243:Carbolines; D018756:GABA Antagonists; C035874:FG 7142
keywords: Affective behavior; Anxiety; Benzodiazepine; Marmoset; Negative emotion; Separation