title: Management of sodium hypochlorite extrusion beyond the root apex during root canal treatment: a case report.
abstract: Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is most commonly used as an irrigating solution in endodontic practice. This paper describes an incident of sodium hypochlorite extrusion past the apex (SHEPA) of the UR3. Management of the condition resulted in hospitalisation of the patient, and intravenous antibiotic and steroid therapy. This case report details the measures that can be employed to reduce the risk of SHEPA and management of its potentially serious complications. The reader should understand the various measures that can be adopted to reduce extrusion of endodontic irrigants beyond the root apex and management following SHEPA.
authors.affiliation: Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kandian
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chander
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bishop
mesh_terms: D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004172:Diplopia / Q000139:chemically induced; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced; D005119:Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010486:Periapical Tissue / Q000187:drug effects*; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D003907:Dexamethasone; D000658:Amoxicillin; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite