title: Disease detection by ultrasensitive quantification of microdosed synthetic urinary biomarkers.
abstract: The delivery of exogenous agents can enable noninvasive disease monitoring, but existing low-dose approaches require complex infrastructure. In this paper, we describe a microdose-scale injectable formulation of nanoparticles that interrogate the activity of thrombin, a key regulator of clotting, and produce urinary reporters of disease state. We establish a customized single molecule detection assay that enables urinary discrimination of thromboembolic disease in mice using doses of the nanoparticulate diagnostic agents that fall under regulatory guidelines for "microdosing."
authors.affiliation: Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Building 76-453, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: Shonda T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Gaylord
authors.forename: Kevin C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Ngan
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dumont Milutinovic
authors.forename: Gabriel A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Kwong
authors.forename: Sangeeta N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Bhatia
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Walt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D013917:Thrombin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D013917:Thrombin