title: Adhesion molecules and chemokines; relation to anthropometric, body composition, biochemical and dietary variables.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Among the inflammatory mediators involved in the pathogenesis of obesity, the cell adhesion molecules P-selectin, E-selectin, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and the chemokine MCP-1 stand out. They play a crucial role in adherence of cells to endothelial surfaces, in the integrity of the vascular wall and can be modulated by body composition and dietary pattern.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe and discuss the relation of these cell adhesion molecules and chemokines to anthropometric, body composition, dietary and biochemical markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Papers were located using scientific databases by topic searches with no restriction on year of publication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All molecules were associated positively with anthropometric markers, but controversial results were found for ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Not only obesity, but visceral fat is more strongly correlated with E-selectin and MCP-1 levels. Weight loss influences the reduction in the levels of these molecules, except VCAM-1. The distribution of macronutrients, excessive consumption of saturated and trans fat and a Western dietary pattern are associated with increased levels. The opposite could be observed with supplementation of w-3 fatty acid, healthy dietary pattern, high calcium diet and high dairy intake. Regarding the biochemical parameters, they have inverse relation to HDLC and positive relation to total cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose, fasting insulin and insulin resistance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Normal anthropometric indicators, body composition, biochemical parameters and eating pattern positively modulate the subclinical inflammation that results from obesity by reducing the cell adhesion molecules and chemokines.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Health MSc Student (Research Line: Nutrition Biochemistry and Pathophysiology). Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto-Minas Gerais. Brazil.. renata_adrielle@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Adrielle Lima Vieira
authors.affiliation: PhD in Biochemistry and Immunology and Associate Professor at Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto-Minas Gerais. Brazil.. rfreitasmail@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nascimento de Freitas
authors.affiliation: PhD in Food Science and Technology, and Associate Professor at Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto-Minas Gerais. Brazil.. anavolp@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina Pinheiro
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Volp
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D001823:Body Composition; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000502:physiology*; D018925:Chemokines / Q000502:physiology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D018925:Chemokines