title: Influence of the Relative Enamel Abrasivity (REA) of Toothpastes on the Uptake of KOH-soluble and Structurally Bound Fluoride.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the influence of the relative enamel abrasivity (REA) of fluoridated toothpaste on the uptake of KOH-soluble and structurally bound fluoride into enamel.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bovine enamel samples were randomly allocated to 6 groups (n=36 per group). Groups A to C were treated with sodium fluoride (NaF) toothpastes and groups D to F with amine fluoride (AmF) toothpastes (1500 ppm F each). The REA in groups A and D was 2, in groups B and E it was 6 and in groups C and F it was 9. Twice a day, 18 samples of each group were immersed for 2 min in a slurry (toothpaste:artificial saliva=1:3), while the remaining samples were brushed with the respective slurry (2.5 N force; 60 strokes/min; 2 min). All samples were stored at 37°C and 100% humidity. After five days, the amount of KOH-soluble and structurally bound fluoride was determined and statistically compared by Scheffe's post-hoc tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  REA value and mode of application (immersion or brushing) had no significant influence on the amount of either kind of fluoride from NaF toothpastes. Only for the NaF toothpaste with REA 6 was the amount of KOH-soluble fluoride significantly higher after brushing. With AmF toothpastes, KOH-soluble and structurally bound fluoride concentrations were significantly higher when the samples were brushed. Furthermore, in the REA-2 group, the amounts of KOH-soluble fluoride (brushed or immersed) and structurally bound fluoride (brushed) were significantly higher than in the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The REA dependency of KOH-soluble and structurally bound fluoride was found only for the AmF toothpastes. Using AmF toothpaste, the mode of application influenced the uptake of KOH-soluble and structurally bound fluoride into enamel.
authors.forename: Valbona
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Elmazi
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sener
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Attin
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imfeld
authors.forename: Florian J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Wegehaupt
mesh_terms: D000605:Amino Alcohols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D002124:Calcium Fluoride / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002417:Cattle; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005459:Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006813:Humidity; D006878:Hydroxides / Q000737:chemistry; D007101:Immersion; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D011897:Random Allocation; D012464:Saliva, Artificial / Q000737:chemistry; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012995:Solubility; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014072:Tooth Abrasion / Q000378:metabolism*; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000379:methods; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000605:Amino Alcohols; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D006878:Hydroxides; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D014100:Toothpastes; C036238:amine fluoride 297; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D002124:Calcium Fluoride; D005459:Fluorides; C029943:potassium hydroxide