title: Characterization of microsatellite loci in lichen-forming fungi of Bryoria section Implexae (Parmeliaceae).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The locally rare, haploid, lichen-forming fungi Bryoria capillaris, B. fuscescens, and B. implexa are associated with boreal forests and belong to Bryoria sect. Implexae. Recent phylogenetic studies consider them to be conspecific. Microsatellite loci were developed to study population structure in Bryoria sect. Implexae and its response to ecosystem disturbances. •
  
  
  RESULTS
  We developed 18 polymorphic microsatellite markers using 454 pyrosequencing data assessed in 82 individuals. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 13 with an average of 4.6. Nei's unbiased gene diversity, averaged over loci, ranged from 0.38 to 0.52. The markers amplified with all three species, except for markers Bi05, Bi15, and Bi18. •
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new markers will allow the study of population subdivision, levels of gene introgression, and levels of clonal spread of Bryoria sect. Implexae. They will also facilitate an understanding of the effects of forest disturbance on genetic diversity of these lichen species.
authors.affiliation: Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland ; M. H. Kholodny Institute of Botany, Tereschenkivska 2, Kyiv (Kiev) 01601, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nadyeina
authors.affiliation: Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cornejo
authors.affiliation: Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland ; Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Boluda
authors.affiliation: Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Myllys
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain.
authors.forename: Víctor J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Rico
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crespo
authors.affiliation: Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scheidegger
keywords: Ascomycetes; Bryoria implexa; Trebouxia spp; lichen-forming fungi; microsatellites