title: Electrochemical detection of the disease marker human chitinase-3-like protein 1 by matching antibody-modified gold electrodes as label-free immunosensors.
abstract: Tissue inflammation, certain cardiovascular syndromes and the occurrence of some solid tumors are correlated with raised serum concentrations of human chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40), a mammalian chitinase-like glycoprotein, which has become the subject of current research. Here we report the construction and characterization of an electrochemical platform for label-free immunosensing of YKL-40. Details of the synthesis of YKL-40 and production of anti-YKL-40 immunoglobulin G (IgG) are provided and cross-reactivity tests presented. Polyclonal anti-YKL-40 IgG was immobilized on gold electrodes and the resulting immunosensors were operated in an electrochemical flow system with capacitive signal generation. The strategy offered a wide linear detection range (0.1μg/L to 1mg/L) with correlation coefficients (R(2)) above 0.99 and good sensitivity (12.28±0.27nF/cm(2) per decade of concentration change). Additionally, the detection limit of 0.07±0.01μg/L was well below that of optical enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), which makes the proposed methodology a promising alternative for YKL-40 related disease studies.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry-Electrochemistry Research Unit, Schools of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
authors.forename: Wethaka
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chaocharoen
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry-Electrochemistry Research Unit, Schools of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
authors.forename: Wipa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Suginta
authors.affiliation: Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
authors.forename: Warakorn
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Limbut
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry-Electrochemistry Research Unit, Schools of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
authors.forename: Araya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ranok
authors.affiliation: Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
authors.forename: Apon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Numnuam
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry-Electrochemistry Research Unit, Schools of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
authors.forename: Panida
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Khunkaewla
authors.affiliation: Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
authors.forename: Proespichaya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kanatharana
authors.affiliation: Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. Electronic address: panote.t@psu.ac.th.
authors.forename: Panote
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thavarungkul
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry-Electrochemistry Research Unit, Schools of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand. Electronic address: schulte@sut.ac.th.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schulte
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002138:Calibration; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; D003429:Cross Reactions; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D005260:Female; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D037102:Lectins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D057230:Limit of Detection; D011817:Rabbits; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D015415:Biomarkers; C084533:CHI3L1 protein, human; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D037102:Lectins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D006046:Gold
keywords: Biomarker; Capacitive immunosensor; Chitinase-like proteins; Disease marker; Human chitinase-3-like protein 1