title: Effect of a 2.45-GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field on neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis in differentiated human HL-60 cells.
abstract: The potential public health risks of radiofrequency (RF) fields have been discussed at length, especially with the use of mobile phones spreading extensively throughout the world. In order to investigate the properties of RF fields, we examined the effect of 2.45-GHz RF fields at the specific absorption rate (SAR) of 2 and 10 W/kg for 4 and 24 h on neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis in differentiated human HL-60 cells. Neutrophil chemotaxis was not affected by RF-field exposure, and subsequent phagocytosis was not affected either compared with that under sham exposure conditions. These studies demonstrated an initial immune response in the human body exposed to 2.45-GHz RF fields at the SAR of 2 W/kg, which is the maximum value recommended by the International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines. The results of our experiments for RF-field exposure at an SAR under 10 W/kg showed very little or no effects on either chemotaxis or phagocytosis in neutrophil-like human HL-60 cells.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Applied Radio Engineering for Humanosphere, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Applied Radio Engineering for Humanosphere, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Eijiro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Narita
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taki
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Applied Radio Engineering for Humanosphere, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shinohara
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Applied Radio Engineering for Humanosphere, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan miyakoshi@rish.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miyakoshi
mesh_terms: D065638:Absorption, Radiation; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008872:Microwaves; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011846:Radio Waves
keywords: chemotaxis; immune response; neutrophil; phagocytosis; radiofrequency (RF)