title: Sonication effect on the reaction of 4-bromo-1-methylbenzene with sodium sulfide in liquid-liquid multi-site phase-transfer catalysis condition - kinetic study.
abstract: The synthesis of di-p-tolylsulfane from the reaction of 4-bromo-1-methylbenzene (BMB) with sodium sulfide was carried out using a multi-site phase-transfer catalyst (MPTC) viz., 1,4-dihexyl-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octanium dibromide and ultrasonic irradiation in a liquid-liquid reaction condition. The overall reaction rate is greatly enhanced when catalyzed by multi-site phase-transfer catalyst (MPTC) combined with sonication (40 kHz, 300 W) in a batch reactor than catalyzed by MPTC without sonication. Effects on the reaction due to various operating conditions, such as agitation speed, different ultrasound frequencies, different phase-transfer catalysts, different organic solvents, the amount of MPTC, temperature, amount of sodium sulfide, effect of sodium hydroxide, volume of n-hexane and the concentration of 4-bromo-1-methylbenzene. The reaction obeys a pseudo first-order rate law and a suitable mechanism was proposed based on the experimental observation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: abimannan01@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Pachaiyappan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abimannan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: selvarajptc@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Varathan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Selvaraj
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: venugopal.rajendran@ymail.com.
authors.forename: Venugopal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rajendran
keywords: 4-Bromo-1-methylbenzene; Multi-site phase-transfer catalysis; Sodium sulfide; Ultrasound irradiation