title: Establishment of nude mice with complete loss of lymphocytes and NK cells and application for in vivo bio-imaging.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nude mice are used in human xenograft research; however, only 25-35% of human tumors have been successfully transplanted into nude mice and their application is limited due to high natural killer (NK) cell activity. More severely immunodeficient mice with loss of NK activity are needed to overcome this limitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Balb/c nude Rag-2(-/-)Jak3(-/-) (Nude-RJ) mice were established by crossing Rag-2(-/-)Jak3(-/-) mice and nude mice. The K562 cell line was implanted subcutaneously to compare tumorigenicity between Nude-RJ mice and Nude mice. The cholangiocarcinoma mCherry expressing cell line (KKU-M213) was implanted subcutaneously, and fluorescence intensity and tumor weight were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nude R/J mice showed complete loss of lymphocytes and NK cells. Xeno-transplantation of K562 cells showed higher proliferation in Nude R/J mice than nude mice. Subcutaneously-transplanted mCherry-transduced KKU-M213 cells were successfully detected with a fluorescence imager.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nude-R/J mice are valuable tools for in vivo imaging studies in biomedical research.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryusho
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kariya
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kouki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gotoh
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kulthida
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vaeteewoottacharn
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan okadas@kumamoto-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D001706:Biopsy; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods; D016511:Severe Combined Immunodeficiency; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D047368:Tumor Burden
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: In vivo imaging; immunodeficient mice; nude mice; xeno-transplantation