title: Phytochemical and in vitro biological investigations of methanolic extracts of Enhydra fluctuans Lour.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the phytochemical and biological properties (antioxidant, anthelmintic and thrombolytic) of methanolic extracts of Enhydra fluctuans Lour., a plant belonging to the Asteraceae family.
  
  
  METHODS
  The phytochemical evaluation was carried out by qualitative analysis. In vitro antioxidant activity of extract was studied using free radical scavenging assay, ability of reduction, total phenol and total flavonoid contents determination assays. The anthelmintic activity was determined using paralysis and death time of Pheretima posthuma (earthworm) and thrombolytic activity by clot disruption assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The phytochemical evaluation showed significant presence of flavonoids, triterpenes, carbohydrate, reducing sugars, saponins, phenols, diterpenes, protein and tannin. The antioxidant activity was found significant [IC50=(135.20±0.56) µg/mL] as compared to ascorbic acid [(130.00±0.76) µg/mL]. The reducing power was increased with concentration. Total phenol and total flavonoid contents were (153.08±0.38) mg/mL and (172.04±0.56) mg/mL respectively. The paralysis and death time of earthworms for different concentrations of extract were determined and compared with albendazole. The results showed that 10 mg/mL of the crude extract had similar effect with albendazole. Additionally, the crude extract showed a concentration depended relationship with its anthelmintic property. The clot lysis activity of crude extract was compared to the standard streptokinase's clot lysis (40.13%) activity and found significant (31%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study proves that the crude methanolic extract of Enhydra fluctuans Lour. has significant antioxidant, anthelmintic and thrombolytic activity containing wide range of phytochemicals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Sourov
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuri
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Md Mustahsan
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Billah
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: S M Masud
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Zannatul
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Naim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Md Mahmodul
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Md
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasanuzzaman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Md Ramjan
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Rana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Banik
keywords: Antioxidant; DPPH radical scavenging; Enhydra fluctuans Lour.; Pheretima posthuma; Phytochemicals; Streptokinase