title: Effects of melatonin on changes in cognitive performances and brain malondialdehyde concentration induced by sub-chronic co-administration of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin in male Wister rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the ameliorative effect of melatonin on sub-chronic chlorpyrifos (CPF) and cypermethrin (CYP)-evoked cognitive changes in male Wistar rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty adult male Wistar rats, divided into five groups of ten rats each, were used for the study. Groups 1 and II were given distilled water and soya oil (2 mL/kg) respectively. Group III was administered with melatonin at 0.5 mg/kg only. Group IV was administered with CPF [7.96 mg/kg (1/10th LD50)] and CYP [29.6 mg/kg (1/10th LD50)], and Group V was administered with CPF [7.96 mg/kg (1/10th LD50)] and CYP [29.6 mg/kg (1/10th LD50)] 30 min after melatonin (0.5 mg/kg). The regimens were administered by gavage once daily for 12 weeks. Thereafter, cognitive performances were determined and the brain was evaluated for malonaldehyde concentration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CPF and CYP induced cognitive deficits and increased brain malonaldehyde concentration, which were all ameliorated by melatonin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cognitive deficits elicited by CPF and CYP was mitigated by melatonin due to its antioxidant property.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Idris Sherifat
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Banke
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ambali Suleiman
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Folorunsho
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Bisalla
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Suleiman Mohammed
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Musa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Onukak
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Charles
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ayo Joseph
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Olusegun
keywords: Brain malondialdehyde; Chlorpyrifos; Cognition; Cypermethrin; Melatonin