title: A randomized controlled study to evaluate the role of video-based coaching in training laparoscopic skills.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluates whether video-based coaching can enhance laparoscopic surgical skills performance.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Many professions utilize coaching to improve performance. The sports industry employs video analysis to maximize improvement from every performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laparoscopic novices were baseline tested and then trained on a validated virtual reality (VR) laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) curriculum. After competence, subjects were randomized on a 1:1 ratio and each performed 5 VRLCs. After each LC, intervention group subjects received video-based coaching by a surgeon, utilizing an adaptation of the GROW (Goals, Reality, Options, Wrap-up) coaching model. Control subjects viewed online surgical lectures. All subjects then performed 2 porcine LCs. Performance was assessed by blinded video review using validated global rating scales.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty subjects were recruited. No significant differences were observed between groups in baseline performance and in VRLC1. For each subsequent repetition, intervention subjects significantly outperformed controls on all global rating scales. Interventions outperformed controls in porcine LC1 [Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills: (20.5 vs 15.5; P = 0.011), Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills: (21.5vs 14.5; P = 0.001), and Operative Performance Rating System: (26 vs 19.5; P = 0.001)] and porcine LC2 [Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills: (28 vs 17.5; P = 0.005), Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills: (30 vs 16.5; P < 0.001), and Operative Performance Rating System: (36 vs 21; P = 0.004)]. Intervention subjects took significantly longer than controls in porcine LC1 (2920 vs 2004 seconds; P = 0.009) and LC2 (2297 vs 1683; P = 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite equivalent exposure to practical laparoscopic skills training, video-based coaching enhanced the quality of laparoscopic surgical performance on both VR and porcine LCs, although at the expense of increased time. Video-based coaching is a feasible method of maximizing performance enhancement from every clinical exposure.
authors.affiliation: *Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom †Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Presented at the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Consortium of the American College of Surgeons--Accredited Education Institutes, March 21-22, 2014, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Pritam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.forename: Muaaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tahir
authors.forename: Philip H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Pucher
authors.forename: Ara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Darzi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000193:education*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003479:Curriculum; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D059032:Learning Curve; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D013552:Swine; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods*; D014741:Video Recording; D055815:Young Adult