title: Intermittent theta-burst stimulation of the lateral cerebellum increases functional connectivity of the default network.
abstract: Cerebral cortical intrinsic connectivity networks share topographically arranged functional connectivity with the cerebellum. However, the contribution of cerebellar nodes to distributed network organization and function remains poorly understood. In humans, we applied theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation, guided by subject-specific connectivity, to regions of the cerebellum to evaluate the functional relevance of connections between cerebellar and cerebral cortical nodes in different networks. We demonstrate that changing activity in the human lateral cerebellar Crus I/II modulates the cerebral default mode network, whereas vermal lobule VII stimulation influences the cerebral dorsal attention system. These results provide novel insights into the distributed, but anatomically specific, modulatory impact of cerebellar effects on large-scale neural network function.
authors.affiliation: Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, mhalko@bidmc.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7427-0789
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Halko
authors.affiliation: Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6J 1H4.
authors.forename: Faranak
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Farzan
authors.affiliation: Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and.
authors.forename: Mark C
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4919-2897
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Eldaief
authors.affiliation: Ataxia Unit, Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Unit, Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114.
authors.forename: Jeremy D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Schmahmann
authors.affiliation: Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215.
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pascual-Leone
mesh_terms: D002531:Cerebellum / Q000502:physiology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D063132:Connectome; D006801:Humans; D013826:Theta Rhythm; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
keywords: cerebellar hemispheres; cerebellum vermis; default mode network; functional connectivity; noninvasive brain stimulation; resting state