title: Prediction of neuropsychological outcome after mild traumatic brain injury using clinical parameters, serum S100B protein and findings on computed tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify if demographics, clinical and computed tomographic (CT) characteristics at first presentation and S100B concentrations at 3 and 6 hours after mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) predict the development of post-concussion syndrome (PCS) after 1 month.
  
  
  METHODS
  All consecutive MTBI patients (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score 13-15) admitted to the Emergency Department aged older than 15 were included in this prospective, observational study. Outcome was assessed using a Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire to identify the patients with and without PCS 1 month after the injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 176 patients with isolated MTBI were included in the study. After multivariate analysis of the demographics, clinical variables, and CT abnormalities, headache (OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.04-4.21, p = 0.038), seizure (OR = 5.64, 95% CI = 1.55-20.54, p = 0.009), the presence of subarachnoid haemorrhage on CT (OR = 3.67, 95% CI = 1.46-9.24, p = 0.006) and 6-hour S100B concentration (OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.15-4.28, p = 0.017) were independently significant predictors of the outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Outcome prediction using baseline characteristics (post-traumatic headache and seizure), CT and laboratory findings (6-hour S100B) were valuable factors for identification of the individual MTBI patient at risk for developing PCS 1 month after the injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Loghman Hakim Hospital .
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Heidari
authors.forename: Shadi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asadollahi
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jamshidian
authors.forename: Shohreh Nasiri
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Abrishamchi
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nouroozi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D038223:Post-Concussion Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit / Q000097:blood*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015898:Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; C579160:S100B protein, human
keywords: Computed tomography; S100 protein; outcome; post-concussion syndrome; prognosis; traumatic brain injury