title: Change in the antioxidative capacity of extraocular muscles in patients with exotropia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We compared the oxidative stress and antioxidant capacities of the medial rectus muscles (MRMs) between the patients with constant exotropia and control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 40 MRMs from patients with constant exotropia and 40 MRMs from normal donor eyes (controls) were assessed. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase levels were compared between the two groups using western blot analysis. In addition, the lipofuscin accumulation level was compared between the exotropic and control groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to western blot analysis, the nNOS level was significantly higher in the exotropic group than in the control group (P < 0.05). On the other hand, a catalase expression level was higher in the control group than in the exotropic group (P < 0.05). The SOD1 level did not show a significant difference between the two groups. The relative lipofuscin fluorescence intensity was higher in the exotropic group than in the control group (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on these findings, the MRMs of patients with exotropia had a redox imbalance status. Further study is needed to investigate whether this imbalance in antioxidant capacity is present in the extraocular muscles of patients with other strabismus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Su Kyung
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Jun Sob
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Sun Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism*; D005099:Exotropia / Q000201:enzymology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008062:Lipofuscin / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000378:metabolism*; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000201:enzymology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1; D014019:Tissue Donors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008062:Lipofuscin; C000606290:SOD1 protein, human; C577219:CAT protein, human; D002374:Catalase; C496320:NOS1 protein, human; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1