title: Tips and tricks for deep jejunal enteral access: modifying techniques to maximize success.
abstract: Endoscopic insertion of enteral feeding tubes is a major advance in the delivery of nutrition therapy. Since the first report of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) in 1980 (Gauderer et al. J Pediatr Surg. 15:872-5, 1980), insertion techniques and equipment have been refined and improved. Despite this progress, deep jejunal enteral access remains a difficult procedure, and many endoscopists do not have experience with the techniques of nasojejunal (NJ) placement, percutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy (PEGJ), or direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (DPEJ) (Shike and Latkany, Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 8:569-80, 1998). The difference between an exasperating experience and a rewarding procedure lies in mastering the "tips and tricks" that make insertion easy. While the basic techniques are described elsewhere (McClave and Chang 2011), we review several universal basic principles to enhance deep jejunal access, which should promote a more efficient and successful procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA, lpalmer@lumc.edu.
authors.forename: Lena B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: McClave
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bechtold
authors.forename: Douglas L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Martindale
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods*; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000379:methods*; D005774:Gastrostomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods*; D007582:Jejunostomy / Q000379:methods*; D061214:Patient Safety