title: Ultrasonic total uncinectomy: a novel technique for complete anterior decompression of cervical nerve roots.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In standard anterior cervical diskectomy, complete resection of the uncinate process is not commonly attempted because of the risk of injury to the vertebral artery. This may result in incomplete decompression of the nerve root when there is severe osseous foraminal stenosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the feasibility of total uncinectomy with an ultrasonic bone dissector in patients with concomitant central and foraminal stenosis requiring anterior decompression and fusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case series of patients with cervical radiculopathy or myeloradiculopathy who underwent single-level or multilevel ultrasonic total uncinectomy (UTU) in combination with anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion is presented. The uncinate process was amputated along its base with an ultrasonic bone dissector and removed en bloc to expose the cervical root and the vertebral artery. Data gathered in accordance with routine practice were analyzed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-four uncinate processes were resected in 38 patients. No UTU procedures were aborted because of technical difficulties, and no vertebral artery or nerve root injury occurred. Mean follow-up was 28 weeks (range, 14-37 weeks). Mean Neck Disability Index and Visual Analog Scale scores for neck and arm pain improved from 42%, 4.9%, and 6.8% to 23%, 2.6%, and 2.1%, respectively. Postoperative computed tomography and oblique radiographs revealed complete decompression of the neural foramen after UTU.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UTU is a safe and effective technique for complete decompression of cervical nerve roots when the coexistence of central and foraminal pathology dictates an anterior approach. The surgical technique is described in detail.
authors.affiliation: Houston MicroNeurosurgery, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Peyman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pakzaban
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D017586:Diskectomy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011843:Radiculopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013117:Spinal Cord Compression / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D013123:Spinal Fusion; D013126:Spinal Nerve Roots; D013130:Spinal Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D055009:Spondylosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D059708:Ultrasonic Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*