title: Institutional care for long-term mechanical ventilation in Canada: A national survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No national Canadian data define resource requirements and care delivery for ventilator-assisted individuals (VAIs) requiring long-term institutional care. Such data will assist in planning health care services to this population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe institutional and patient characteristics, prevalence, equipment used, care elements and admission barriers for VAIs requiring long-term institutional care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Centres were identified from a national inventory and snowball referrals. The survey weblink was provided from December 2012 to April 2013. Weekly reminders were sent for six weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was 84% (54 of 64), with 44 adult and 10 pediatric centres providing data for 428 VAIs (301 invasive ventilation; 127 noninvasive ventilation [NIV]), equivalent to 1.3 VAIs per 100,000 population. An additional 106 VAIs were on wait lists in 18 centres. More VAIs with progressive neuromuscular disease received invasive ventilation than NIV (P<0.001); more VAIs with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (P<0.001), obesity hypoventilation syndrome (P<0.001) and central hypoventilation syndrome (P=0.02) required NIV. All centres used positive pressure ventilators, 21% diaphragmatic pacing, 15% negative pressure and 13% phrenic nerve stimulation. Most centres used lung volume recruitment (55%), manually (71%) and mechanically assisted cough (55%). Lack of beds and provincial funding were common admission barriers.CONCLUSIONS: Variable models and care practices exist for institutionalized care of Canadian VAIs. Patient prevalence was 1.3 per 100,000 Canadians.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McKim
authors.forename: Sherri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leasa
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nonoyama
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Avendano
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goldstein