title: Passive sampling of nonpolar contaminants at three deep-ocean sites.
abstract: Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, hexachlorobenzene, and DDE were determined by passive sampling (semipermeable membrane devices) with exposure times of 1-1.5 years at 0.1-5 km depth in the Irminger Sea, the Canary Basin (both North Atlantic Ocean), and the Mozambique Channel (Indian Ocean). The dissipation of performance reference compounds revealed a pronounced effect of hydrostatic pressure on the sampler-water partition coefficients. Concentrations in the Irminger Sea were uniform over the entire water column (0.1-3 km). At the Canary Basin site, concentrations were 2-25 times lower near the bottom (5 km) than at 1.4 km. Concentrations in the Mozambique Channel (0.6-2.5 km) were lower than at the other two locations, and showed a near-bottom maximum. The data suggest that advection of surface waters down to a depth of about 1 km is an important mechanism of contaminant transport into the deep ocean.
authors.affiliation: NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB, Texel, The Netherlands. Electronic address: kees.booij@nioz.nl.
authors.forename: Kees
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Booij
authors.affiliation: NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB, Texel, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Bommel
authors.affiliation: NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB, Texel, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hendrik M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: van Aken
authors.affiliation: NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB, Texel, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Haren
authors.affiliation: NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB, Texel, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Geert-Jan A
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Brummer
authors.affiliation: NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB, Texel, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ridderinkhof
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006581:Hexachlorobenzene / Q000032:analysis; D019156:Indian Ocean; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D006581:Hexachlorobenzene; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls
keywords: Deep ocean; Nonpolar contaminants; Passive sampling; Performance reference compounds; Semipermeable membrane devices