title: Antioxidant capacity of broccoli sprouts subjected to gastrointestinal digestion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Broccoli is a common vegetable recognized as a rich source of antioxidants. To date, research on the antioxidant properties of broccoli, predominantly conducted on extracts, has not considered the lesions of composition and this activity after gastrointestinal digestion. Here the stability of antioxidants during gastrointestinal digestion was evaluated in conjunction with the protective effects of broccoli sprouts (BS) against oxidative stress in human colon cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The obtained data suggest that, among the biocompounds identified in BS, glucosinolates were mainly degraded under gastrointestinal digestion, while phenolics, particularly hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, were the most resistant constituents. The antioxidant capacity of BS extract subjected to gastrointestinal digestion was similar to or higher than that determined for non-digested BS. Gastrointestinal digested BS extract exhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS)-inhibitory capacity in NCM460 human colon cells, with 1 mg mL(-1) showing an ROS clearance of 76.59%. A 57.33% reduction in oxidative DNA damage in NCM460 cells due to treatment with digested BS extract was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results lend support to the possible application of BS as a rich source of antioxidants to improve the defensive system against oxidative stress in the human colon mucosa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, PL-60-627, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rychlik
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, PL-60-627, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olejnik
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, PL-60-627, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Mariola
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olkowicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, PL-60-627, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kowalska
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, PL-60-627, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Juzwa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, PL-60-627, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Kamila
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Myszka
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, PL-60-627, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Radosław
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dembczyński
authors.affiliation: INCELL Corporation, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
authors.forename: Mary Pat
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Moyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, PL-60-627, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Włodzimierz
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Grajek
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D001937:Brassica / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000191:economics / Q000254:growth & development; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism*; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D004063:Digestion; D005612:Freeze Drying; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D005961:Glucosinolates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D036226:Seedlings / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D005961:Glucosinolates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: antioxidant capacity; broccoli sprouts; colon mucosa; gastrointestinal digestion