title: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and the pathogenesis of typhoid fever.
abstract: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the cause of typhoid, is host restricted to humans. S. Typhi has a monophyletic population structure, indicating that typhoid in humans is a relatively new disease. Antimicrobial usage is reshaping the current S. Typhi global population and may be driving the emergence of a specific haplotype, H58, that is well adapted to transmission in modern settings and is able to resist antimicrobial killing more efficiently than other S. Typhi. Evidence gathered through genomics and functional studies using the mouse and in vitro cell systems, together with clinical investigations, has provided insight into the mechanisms that underpin the pathogenesis of human typhoid and host restriction. Here we review the latest scientific advances in typhoid research and discuss how these novel approaches are changing our understanding of the disease.
authors.affiliation: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom; email: gd1@sanger.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dougan
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D065288:Serogroup; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Salmonella Paratyphi A; Salmonella Typhi; enteric fever; typhoid