title: Full-field transient vibrometry of the human tympanic membrane by local phase correlation and high-speed holography.
abstract: Understanding the human hearing process would be helped by quantification of the transient mechanical response of the human ear, including the human tympanic membrane (TM or eardrum). We propose a new hybrid high-speed holographic system (HHS) for acquisition and quantification of the full-field nanometer transient (i.e., >10 kHz) displacement of the human TM. We have optimized and implemented a 2 þ 1 frame local correlation (LC) based phase sampling method in combination with a high-speed (i.e., >40 K fps) camera acquisition system. To our knowledge, there is currently no existing system that provides such capabilities for the study of the human TM. The LC sampling method has a displacement difference of <11 nm relative to measurements obtained by a four-phase step algorithm. Comparisons between our high-speed acquisition system and a laser Doppler vibrometer indicate differences of <10 μs. The high temporal (i.e., >40 kHz) and spatial (i.e., >100 k data points) resolution of our HHS enables parallel measurements of all points on the surface of the TM, which allows quantification of spatially dependent motion parameters, such as modal frequencies and acoustic delays. Such capabilities could allow inferring local material properties across the surface of the TM.
authors.affiliation: Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Center for Holographic Studies and Laser Micro-MechaTronics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States.
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dobrev
authors.affiliation: Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Center for Holographic Studies and Laser Micro-MechaTronics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United StatesbMassachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Boston, Massac.
authors.forename: Cosme
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Furlong
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United StatescHarvard Medical School, Department of Otology and Laryngology, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States.
authors.forename: Jeffrey T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United StatescHarvard Medical School, Department of Otology and Laryngology, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States.
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rosowski
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D005260:Female; D006696:Holography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D014432:Tympanic Membrane / Q000502:physiology*; D014732:Vibration