title: A CRISPR with roles in Myxococcus xanthus development and exopolysaccharide production.
abstract: The Gram-negative soil bacterium Myxococcus xanthus utilizes its social (S) gliding motility to move on surfaces during its vegetative and developmental cycles. It is known that S motility requires the type IV pilus (T4P) and the exopolysaccharide (EPS) to function. The T4P is the S motility motor, and it powers cell movement by retraction. As the key regulator of the S motor, EPS is proposed to be the anchor and trigger for T4P retraction. The production of EPS is regulated in turn by the T4P in M. xanthus, and T4P(-) mutants are S(-) and EPS(-). In this study, a ΔpilA strain (T4P(-) and EPS(-)) was mutagenized by a transposon and screened for EPS(+) mutants. A pilA suppressor isolated as such harbored an insertion in the 3rd clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR3) in M. xanthus. Evidence indicates that this transposon insertion, designated CRISPR3*, is a gain-of-function (GOF) mutation. Moreover, CRISPR3* eliminated developmental aggregation in both the wild-type and the pilA mutant backgrounds. Upstream of CRISPR3 are genes encoding the repeat-associated mysterious proteins (RAMPs). These RAMP genes are indispensable for CRISPR3* to affect development and EPS in M. xanthus. Analysis by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR suggested that CRISPR3* led to an increase in the processing of the RNA transcribed from CRISPR3. We propose that certain CRISPR3 transcripts, once expressed and processed, target genes critical for M. xanthus fruiting body development and EPS production in a RAMP-dependent manner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Regina A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Wesley P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Black
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Xianshuang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA zmyang@vt.edu.
authors.forename: Zhaomin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D064112:Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D010861:Fimbriae, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology; D017353:Gene Deletion; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D008124:Locomotion; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D016941:Myxococcus xanthus / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial