title: Dose- and time-dependent gene expression alterations in prostate and colon cancer cells after in vitro exposure to carbon ion and X-irradiation.
abstract: Hadrontherapy is an advanced form of radiotherapy that uses beams of charged particles (such as protons and carbon ions). Compared with conventional radiotherapy, the main advantages of carbon ion therapy are the precise absorbed dose localization, along with an increased relative biological effectiveness (RBE). This high ballistic accuracy of particle beams deposits the maximal dose to the tumor, while damage to the surrounding healthy tissue is limited. Currently, hadrontherapy is being used for the treatment of specific types of cancer. Previous in vitro studies have shown that, under certain circumstances, exposure to charged particles may inhibit cell motility and migration. In the present study, we investigated the expression of four motility-related genes in prostate (PC3) and colon (Caco-2) cancer cell lines after exposure to different radiation types. Cells were irradiated with various absorbed doses (0, 0.5 and 2 Gy) of accelerated (13)C-ions at the GANIL facility (Caen, France) or with X-rays. Clonogenic assays were performed to determine the RBE. RT-qPCR analysis showed dose- and time-dependent changes in the expression of CCDC88A, FN1, MYH9 and ROCK1 in both cell lines. However, whereas in PC3 cells the response to carbon ion irradiation was enhanced compared with X-irradiation, the effect was the opposite in Caco-2 cells, indicating cell-type-specific responses to the different radiation types.
authors.affiliation: Radiobiology Unit, Expert Group for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium Radiation Oncology Department and Center for Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy and Oncology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), B1.5407 Avenue Hippocrate, No. 54-55, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium.
authors.forename: Annelies
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suetens
authors.affiliation: Radiobiology Unit, Expert Group for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
authors.forename: Marjan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moreels
authors.affiliation: Radiobiology Unit, Expert Group for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
authors.forename: Roel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Quintens
authors.affiliation: Radiobiology Unit, Expert Group for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
authors.forename: Els
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Soors
authors.affiliation: Radiobiology Unit, Expert Group for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jasmine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buset
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology Department and Center for Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy and Oncology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), B1.5407 Avenue Hippocrate, No. 54-55, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium Radiation Protection, Dosimetry and Calibration Expert Group, SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chiriotti
authors.affiliation: Radiobiology Unit, Expert Group for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tabury
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology Department and Center for Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy and Oncology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), B1.5407 Avenue Hippocrate, No. 54-55, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gregoire
authors.affiliation: Radiobiology Unit, Expert Group for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent, Belgium sarah.baatout@sckcen.be.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baatout
mesh_terms: D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002244:Carbon; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000528:radiation effects*; D020450:Heavy Ions; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D002244:Carbon
keywords: Caco-2 colon adenocarcinoma; PC3 prostate adenocarcinoma; carbon ion irradiation; colony survival assay; gene expression; motility genes