title: High prevalence of hand- and wrist-related symptoms, impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of hand- and wrist-related symptoms and impairments, with resulting activity limitations and participation restrictions in children being treated for juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study of children, diagnosed in our hospitals between 2003 and 2008 with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, who received standard treatment with regular follow-ups in the same institutions. Patients were asked about hand and wrist symptoms, and underwent a standardized physical examination. For activity limitations, they were asked to complete the Dutch version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ). Concerning participation restrictions, children were asked about any hand- and/or wrist-related difficulties during daily activities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of all 152 eligible patients, 121 (80%) participated in the study; 34 boys and 87 girls, mean age 13.7 years (standard deviation (SD) 4.2), mean disease duration 2.6 years (SD 1.4), mean Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score in 71 joints (JADAS-71) score 8 (SD 8), indicating low disease activity. Of these 121, 84 (69%) had at least 1 symptom and 40% had at least 1 impairment. The median CHAQ-total score was 0.5 (mean 0.75 (SD 0.77)), indicating mild-to-moderate activity limitations; and 54% reported having hand- and/or wrist-related problems at school.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite low disease activity, many children appeared to have hand- and/or wrist-related symptoms and impairments, with resulting moderate to severe levels of activity limitations and participation restrictions at school.
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center, Reade, 1040 HG Amsterdam, The Netherlands. a.hoeksma@janvanbreemen.nl, a.hoeksma@reade.nl.
authors.forename: Agnes F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Hoeksma
authors.forename: Marion A J
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: van Rossum
authors.forename: Wilma G W
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Zinger
authors.forename: Koert M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Dolman
authors.forename: Joost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dekker
authors.forename: Leo D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Roorda
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D019988:Children with Disabilities; D005260:Female; D050823:Hand Joints / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014955:Wrist Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*