title: Beclin 1 expression is closely linked to colorectal carcinogenesis and distant metastasis of colorectal carcinoma.
abstract: Beclin 1 participates in development, autophagy, differentiation, anti- apoptosis, neurodegeneration, tumorigenesis and cancer progression. The roles of Beclin 1 in colorectal carcinogenesis and its subsequent progression are still unclear. Here, the mRNA and protein expression of Beclin 1 were determined in colorectal carcinoma and matched mucosa by Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (ISH) were performed on tissue microarryer with colorectal carcinoma, adenoma and mucosa. The expression of Beclin 1 mRNA and protein was found to be higher in colorectal carcinoma than matched mucosa by real-time PCR and Western blot (p < 0.05). According to the ISH data, Beclin 1 expression was lower in colorectal non-neoplastic mucosa (NNM) than adenoma and carcinoma (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemically, primary carcinoma showed stronger Beclin 1 expression than NNM and metastatic carcinoma in the liver (p < 0.05). Beclin 1 protein expression was negatively related to liver and distant metastasis (p < 0.05), but not correlated with age, sex, depth of invasion, lymphatic or venous invasion, lymph node metastasis, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging, differentiation or serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) concentration (p > 0.05). Survival analysis indicated that Beclin 1 expression was not linked to favorable prognosis of the patients with colorectal carcinoma (p > 0.05). Cox's model indicated that depth of invasion and distant metastasis were independent prognostic factors for colorectal carcinomas (p < 0.05). It was suggested that Beclin 1 expression is closely linked to colorectal carcinogenesis and distant metastasis of colorectal carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Center, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China. zhmeiying@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Mei-Ying
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China. xiaogouaeiou@163.com.
authors.forename: Wen-Feng
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Gou
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China. xiaogouaeiou@163.com.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China. maoxiaoyun@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yun
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Center, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China. zhihongzheng@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhi-Hong
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Institute, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama 241-0815, Japan. ytakano@gancen.asahi.yokohama.jp.
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China. zheng_huachuan@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Hua-Chuan
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071186:Beclin-1; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C491997:BECN1 protein, human; D000071186:Beclin-1; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D008565:Membrane Proteins