title: Reciprocal Relations Between Emotional Self-Efficacy Beliefs and Ego-Resiliency Across Time.
abstract: The present study examined the longitudinal relations of adolescents' self-reported ego-resiliency to their emotional self-efficacy beliefs in expressing positive emotions and in managing negative emotions as they moved into early adulthood. Participants were 239 females and 211 males with a mean age of 17 years (SD = .80) at T1, 19 years (SD = .80) at T2, 21 years (SD = .82) at T3, and 25 years (SD = .80) at T4. A four-wave cross-lagged regression model and mediational analyses were used. In a panel structural equation model controlling for the stability of the constructs, reciprocal relationships across time were found between ego-resiliency and emotional self-efficacy beliefs related to the expression of positive emotions and to the management of negative emotions. Moreover, the relation between ego-resiliency assessed at T1 and T3, and ego-resiliency assessed at T2 and T4, was mediated through emotional self-efficacy beliefs (at T2 and T3, respectively), and vice versa. The posited conceptual model accounted for a significant portion of variance in ego-resiliency and has implications for understanding the development of ego-resiliency.
authors.affiliation: Roma Tre, University of Rome.
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milioni
authors.affiliation: Sapienza University of Rome.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alessandri
authors.affiliation: Arizona State University.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Eisenberg
authors.affiliation: Sapienza University of Rome.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Castellani
authors.affiliation: Sapienza University of Rome.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zuffianò
authors.affiliation: Sapienza University of Rome.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vecchione
authors.affiliation: Sapienza University of Rome.
authors.forename: Gian Vittorio
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Caprara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D041923:Adolescent Development; D000328:Adult; D004532:Ego; D000066498:Emotional Adjustment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D020377:Self Efficacy; D055815:Young Adult