title: Doenjang prepared with mixed starter cultures attenuates azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Doenjang is traditional Korean fermented soybean paste and widely known for its various health benefits including anticancer effect. In this study, we manufactured doenjang with the grain-type meju using probiotic mixed starter cultures of Aspegillus oryzae, Bacillus subtilis-SKm, and Lactococcus lactis-GAm to improve the qualities and beneficial properties of doenjang.
  
  
  METHODS
  The inhibitory effects of the doenjang prepared with the grain-type meju using mixed starter cultures were investigated in azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colon carcinogenesis mice model. AOM and DSS colon carcinogenesis was induced in female C57BL/6 mice, and doenjang was orally administered for 4 weeks. Body weight, colon length, and colon weight of mice were determined, and colonic tissues were histologically evaluated. The serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines as well as the expression of inflammation- and apoptosis-related genes in colonic tissue were also analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of the doenjang using probiotic mixed starter cultures ameliorated the symptoms of colon cancer, and reduced the incidence of neoplasia, and reduced the levels of serum proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase and cycloooxygenase-2 expression levels in colonic tissue. In addition, it increased Bax and reduced Bcl-2 expression levels and increased p21 and p53 expression in the colonic tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that the doenjang attenuated colon carcinogenesis induced by AOM and DSS by ameliorating the symptoms of colon cancer, reducing the occurrence of neoplasia, regulating proinflammatory cytokine levels, and controlling the expressions of inflammation- and apoptosis-related genes in the colonic tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Kang
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan 602-702, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Kyung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea.
authors.forename: Kun-Young
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Park
keywords: Colon carcinogenesis; doenjang; inflammation; mixed starter