title: Analysis of airborne pesticides from different chemical classes adsorbed on Radiello® Tenax® passive tubes by thermal-desorption-GC/MS.
abstract: An analytical methodology using automatic thermal desorption (ATD) and GC/MS was developed for the determination of 28 pesticides of different chemical classes (dichlobenil, carbofuran, trifluralin, clopyralid, carbaryl, flazasulfuron, mecoprop-P, dicamba, 2,4-MCPA, dichlorprop, 2,4-D, triclopyr, cyprodinil, bromoxynil, fluroxypyr, oxadiazon, myclobutanil, buprofezin, picloram, trinexapac-p-ethyl, ioxynil, diflufenican, tebuconazole, bifenthrin, isoxaben, alphacypermethrin, fenoxaprop and tau-fluvalinate) commonly used in nonagricultural areas in atmospheric samples. This methodology was developed to evaluate the indoor and outdoor atmospheric contamination by nonagricultural pesticides. Pesticides were sampled passive sampling tubes containing Tenax® adsorbent. Since most of these pesticides are polar (clopyralid, mecoprop-P, dicamba, 2,4-MCPA, dichlorprop, 2,4-D, triclopyr, bromoxynil, fluroxypyr, picloram, trinexapac-p-ethyl and ioxynil), a derivatisation step is required. For this purpose, a silylation step using N-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide (MtBSTFA) was added before thermal desorption. This agent was chosen since it delivers very specific ions on electronic impact (m/z = M-57). This method was established with special consideration for optimal thermal desorption conditions (desorption temperature, desorb flow and duration; trap heating duration and flow; outlet split), linear ranges, limits of quantification and detection which varied from 0.005 to 10 ng and from 0.001 to 2.5 ng, respectively, for an uncertainty varied from 8 to 30 %. The method was applied in situ to the analysis of passive tubes exposed during herbicide application to an industrial site in east of France.
authors.affiliation: Groupe de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère-ICPEES (UMR 7515 CNRS Université de Strasbourg), 1, rue Blessig, 67084, Strasbourg CEDEX, France.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Raeppel
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fabritius
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nief
authors.forename: Brice M R
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Appenzeller
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Briand
authors.forename: Ludovic
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tuduri
authors.forename: Maurice
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Millet
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005602:France; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D006540:Herbicides; D011108:Polymers; C010514:tenax