title: HIV associated lupus like nephropathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-seropositive patients are at a high risk for the development of a variety of acute and chronic renal diseases. Most patients with HIVAN are of African descent, presenting late in the course of their HIV-1 infection. The only reliable test to establish or rule out the presence of HIVAN (HIV associated nephropathy) is renal biopsy. The most common lesion associated with HIV is a focal segmental glomeruloscelerosis, but several times, other biopsy findings may also be seen. Our patient had lupus nephritis like pathology picture. The therapeutic agents with the most promise are angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and antiretroviral medications. Role of steroids are less well-defined although they have been used with success many times.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our patient was a young male who presented with a pulmonary renal syndrome like picture and wasting. On evaluation, he was found to be HIV-1 positive, and renal biopsy showed lupus nephritis like pathological picture. The patient was treated with HAART (Highly active anti retroviral therapy) , steroids and ACE inhibitors and showed an excellent response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The case highlights the fact that immune mediated glomerulonephritis, although rare, can be the presenting feature of HIV infection and can be controlled, if not cured, with proper treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Sher-i-Kashimir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinangar, Kashimir, India.
authors.forename: Changal Khalid
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Hamid
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Sher-i-Kashimir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinangar, Kashimir, India.
authors.forename: Raina Abdul
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hameed
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Sher-i-Kashimir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinangar, Kashimir, India.
authors.forename: Baba Iqbal
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Khaliq
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Sher-i-Kashimir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinangar, Kashimir, India.
authors.forename: Raina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manzoor
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Changal Qayum
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Hamid
mesh_terms: D016263:AIDS-Associated Nephropathy / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D013256:Steroids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D013256:Steroids
keywords: Glomerulonephritis; HIV; HIV associated nephropathy