title: Aberrant methylation of CDH13 is a potential biomarker for predicting the recurrence and progression of non muscle invasive bladder cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  CDH13 is a novel tumor suppressor gene often inactivated by aberrant promoter methylation in human cancers. Previous studies have shown that CDH13 methylation correlated with advanced disease and poor prognosis in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The aim of the current study was to investigate the correlations between CDH13 methylation and disease recurrence as well as progression of NMIBC.
  
  
  METHODS
  The methylation status of CDH13 in 178 NMIBC samples and 38 normal bladder epithelial tissues was examined by methylation-specific PCR (MSP), and then correlated with clinicopathological features.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that CDH13 methylation occurs frequently in NMIBC, and significantly correlates with high grade, advanced stage, larger tumor size, and tumor recurrence and progression. Moreover, patients with methylated CDH13 exhibited significantly shorter recurrence-free survival (P<0.0001) and progression-free survival (P=0.0060) than patients with unmethylated CDH13. In addition, a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model analysis suggests that CDH13 methylation is an independent predictor for the recurrence (P=0.0043) and progression (P=0.0016) of NMIBC after initial transurethral resection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings demonstrate that CDH13 methylation is a frequent event in NMIBC, and is associated with unfavorable tumor features. It should be used as an independent predictor for the recurrence and progression of NMIBC, and may be useful for the design of individualized therapeutic modalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Jiangsu University (Xuzhou Cancer Hospital), Xuzhou, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Ying-Li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Spine Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Pei-Gen
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Jian-Guo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics*; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009132:Muscles / Q000473:pathology*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D013997:Time Factors; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015820:Cadherins; C099972:H-cadherin