title: Variation in copper and zinc tolerance and accumulation in 12 willow clones: implications for phytoextraction.
abstract: Willows (Salix spp.) have shown high potential for the phytoextraction of heavy metals. This study compares variations in copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) tolerance and accumulation potential among 12 willow clones grown in a nutrient solution treated with 50 μmol/L of Cu or Zn, respectively. The results showed differences in the tolerance and accumulation of Cu and Zn with respect to different species/clones. The biomass variation among clones in response to Cu or Zn exposure ranged from the stimulation of growth to inhibition, and all of the clones tested showed higher tolerance to Cu than to Zn. The clones exhibited less variation in Cu accumulation but larger variation in Zn accumulation. Based on translocation factors, it was found that most of the Cu was retained in the roots and that Zn was more mobile than Cu for all clones. It is concluded that most willow clones are good accumulators of Zn and Cu.
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou Scientific Observation and Experimental Agro-Environment Station, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou 571737, China; College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
authors.forename: Wei-dong
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yu-yan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Feng-liang
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Zhe-li
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Xin-cheng
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhi-qiang
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Xiao-e
authors.initials: XE
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018533:Biomass; D003300:Copper / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D018527:Hydroponics; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism; D032108:Salix / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D013045:Species Specificity; D015032:Zinc / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D003300:Copper; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Accumulation; Copper; Hydroponic screening; Salix spp.; Tolerance; Zinc