title: Nucleotide binding triggers a conformational change of the CBS module of the magnesium transporter CNNM2 from a twisted towards a flat structure.
abstract: Recent studies suggest CNNM2 (cyclin M2) to be part of the long-sought basolateral Mg2+ extruder at the renal distal convoluted tubule, or its regulator. In the present study, we explore structural features and ligand-binding capacities of the Bateman module of CNNM2 (residues 429-584), an intracellular domain structurally equivalent to the region involved in Mg2+ handling by the bacterial Mg2+ transporter MgtE, and AMP binding by the Mg2+ efflux protein CorC. Additionally, we studied the structural impact of the pathogenic mutation T568I located in this region. Our crystal structures reveal that nucleotides such as AMP, ADP or ATP bind at only one of the two cavities present in CNNM2429-584. Mg2+ favours ATP binding by alleviating the otherwise negative charge repulsion existing between acidic residues and the polyphosphate group of ATP. In crystals CNNM2429-584 forms parallel dimers, commonly referred to as CBS (cystathionine β-synthase) modules. Interestingly, nucleotide binding triggers a conformational change in the CBS module from a twisted towards a flat disc-like structure that mostly affects the structural elements connecting the Bateman module with the transmembrane region. We furthermore show that the T568I mutation, which causes dominant hypomagnesaemia, mimics the structural effect induced by nucleotide binding. The results of the present study suggest that the T568I mutation exerts its pathogenic effect in humans by constraining the conformational equilibrium of the CBS module of CNNM2, which becomes 'locked' in its flat form.
authors.affiliation: *Structural Biology Unit, Center for Cooperative Research in Bioscience (CIC bioGUNE), Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Bizkaia, Spain.
authors.forename: María Ángeles
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: Corral-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: †Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Charité Universitäts Medizin, Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Marchel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stuiver
authors.affiliation: *Structural Biology Unit, Center for Cooperative Research in Bioscience (CIC bioGUNE), Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Bizkaia, Spain.
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Abascal-Palacios
authors.affiliation: *Structural Biology Unit, Center for Cooperative Research in Bioscience (CIC bioGUNE), Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Bizkaia, Spain.
authors.forename: Tammo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Diercks
authors.affiliation: *Structural Biology Unit, Center for Cooperative Research in Bioscience (CIC bioGUNE), Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Bizkaia, Spain.
authors.forename: Iker
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Oyenarte
authors.affiliation: *Structural Biology Unit, Center for Cooperative Research in Bioscience (CIC bioGUNE), Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Bizkaia, Spain.
authors.forename: June
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ereño-Orbea
authors.affiliation: *Structural Biology Unit, Center for Cooperative Research in Bioscience (CIC bioGUNE), Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Bizkaia, Spain.
authors.forename: Alain Ibáñez
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: de Opakua
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.affiliation: §Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda. del Ferrocarril s/n, 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain.
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Encinar
authors.affiliation: ∥Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, Prague 6, 16628, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Vojtêch
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Spiwok
authors.affiliation: ¶Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, NY, NY 10065, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Terashima
authors.affiliation: ¶Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, NY, NY 10065, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Accardi
authors.affiliation: †Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Charité Universitäts Medizin, Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: *Structural Biology Unit, Center for Cooperative Research in Bioscience (CIC bioGUNE), Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Bizkaia, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis Alfonso
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Martínez-Cruz
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000502:physiology; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D003460:Crystallization; D016213:Cyclins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003541:Cystathionine beta-Synthase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary
chemical_list: C558175:CNNM2 protein, human; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D016213:Cyclins; D009711:Nucleotides; D003541:Cystathionine beta-Synthase