title: Survey of fluoride levels in vended water stations.
abstract: This study sought to measure the fluoride concentration of water derived from vended water stations (VWS) and to identify its clinical implications, especially with regard to caries prevention and fluorosis. VWS and corresponding tap water samples were collected from 34 unique postal zip codes; samples were analyzed in duplicate for fluoride concentration. Average fluoride concentration in VWS water was significantly lower than that of tap water (P < 0.001). Fluoride concentration in the VWS water ranged from <0.01 ppm to 0.04 ppm, with a mean concentration of 0.02 ppm (±0.02 ppm). Patients utilizing VWS as their primary source of drinking water may not be receiving optimal caries preventive benefits; thus dietary fluoride supplementation may be indicated. Conversely, to minimize the risk of fluorosis in infants consuming reconstituted infant formula, water from a VWS may be used.
authors.forename: Urvi G
authors.initials: UG
authors.lastname: Jadav
authors.forename: Bhavini S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Archarya
authors.forename: Gisela M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Velasquez
authors.forename: Bradley J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Vance
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Tate
authors.forename: Ryan L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Quock
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D005459:Fluorides
keywords: fluoride; fluoride supplements; vended water; water fluoride