title: [Indocyanine green elimination for the evaluation of liver function: prognostic value in patients with community-acquired sepsis].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of our clinical study was to correlate liver function measured by indocyanine green (ICG) elimination and clinical outcomes in patients with an early stage of community-acquired sepsis (CAS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 341 patients (≥ 18 years) presenting with suspicion of CAS or evidence of an infection and fulfillment of ≥ 2 systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria were included in the observational study"Prognosis of early sepsis 2" (Prognose der frühen Sepsis 2, ProFS 2). Patients who had been hospitalized within the last 7 days were excluded. In a subgroup of these patients (n = 72) who were transferred to an intensive or intermediate care unit according to the clinical judgment of the treating physicians, ICG elimination (plasma disappearance rate, ICG-PDR; 15 min retention rate, ICG-R15) was assessed by using a noninvasive monitoring system (LiMON, PULSION Medical Systems, Germany). ICG-PDR and -R15 were determined on the day of admission (n = 72) and after 96 h (n = 34). The primary end point of the study was defined as death within 30 days. Secondary endpoints were need for renal replacement therapy, requirement for invasive mechanical ventilation, and length of stay in an intermediate or intensive care unit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to patients with sepsis or severe sepsis, ICG elimination was found to be significantly impaired in patients with septic shock. Furthermore, a significant predictive value of ICG-PDR and -R15 on the day of admission for the need for subsequent renal replacement therapy (n = 12) was observed. In addition, reduced ICG elimination was associated with a longer stay in an intermediate or intensive care unit. However, ICG elimination on admission could not predict 30-day mortality (n = 14) or requirement of mechanical ventilation (n = 20).
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06097, Halle (Saale), Deutschland, sophia.kaulen@student.uni-halle.de.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kaulen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hübner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mieth
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Spindler
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schwab
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wimmer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amoury
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Girndt
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Werdan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ebelt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008111:Liver Function Tests / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: D007208:Indocyanine Green