title: Phage display creates innovative applications to combat hepatitis B virus.
abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has killed countless lives in human history. The invention of HBV vaccines in the 20(th) century has reduced significantly the rate of the viral infection. However, currently there is no effective treatment for chronic HBV carriers. Newly emerging vaccine escape mutants and drug resistant strains have complicated the viral eradication program. The entire world is now facing a new threat of HBV and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection. Could phage display provide solutions to these life-threatening problems? This article reviews critically and comprehensively the innovative and potential applications of phage display in the development of vaccines, therapeutic agents, diagnostic reagents, as well as gene and drug delivery systems to combat HBV. The application of phage display in epitope mapping of HBV antigens is also discussed in detail. Although this review mainly focuses on HBV, the innovative applications of phage display could also be extended to other infectious diseases.
authors.affiliation: Wen Siang Tan, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Wen Siang
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Wen Siang Tan, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Kok Lian
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061505:Cell Surface Display Techniques; D015195:Drug Design; D018604:Epitope Mapping; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009154:Mutation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines
keywords: Antiviral drug; Diagnosis; Drug delivery; Epitope mapping; Gene delivery; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Phage display; Therapeutics; Vaccine; Virus-like particle