title: Ontogeny of small RNA in the regulation of mammalian brain development.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a pivotal role in coordinating messenger RNA (mRNA) transcription and stability in almost all known biological processes, including the development of the central nervous system. Despite our broad understanding of their involvement, we still have a very sparse understanding of specifically how miRNA contribute to the strict regional and temporal regulation of brain development. Accordingly, in the current study we have examined the contribution of miRNA in the developing rat telencephalon and mesencephalon from just after neural tube closure till birth using a genome-wide microarray strategy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified temporally distinct expression patterns in both the telencephalon and mesencephalon for both miRNAs and their target genes. We demonstrate direct miRNA targeting of several genes involved with the migration, differentiation and maturation of neurons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that miRNA have significant implications for the development of neural structure and support important mechanisms that if disrupted, may contribute to or drive neurodevelopmental disorders.
authors.forename: Sharon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hollins
authors.forename: Belinda J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Goldie
authors.forename: Adam P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: Frederick R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Darryl W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Eyles
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, the University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. murray.cairns@newcastle.edu.au.
authors.forename: Murray J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cairns
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001921:Brain / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D020868:Gene Silencing; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D038081:Organogenesis / Q000235:genetics*; D034622:RNA Interference; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013687:Telencephalon / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D012333:RNA, Messenger