title: Evaluation of epithelial integrity with various transepithelial corneal cross-linking protocols for treatment of keratoconus.
abstract: Purpose. Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) has been demonstrated to stiffen cornea and halt progression of ectasia. The original protocol requires debridement of central corneal epithelium to facilitate diffusion of a riboflavin solution to stroma. Recently, transepithelial CXL has been proposed to reduce risk of complications associated with epithelial removal. Aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of various transepithelial riboflavin delivery protocols on corneal epithelium in regard to pain and epithelial integrity in the early postoperative period. Methods. One hundred and sixty six eyes of 104 subjects affected by progressive keratoconus underwent transepithelial CXL using 6 different riboflavin application protocols. Postoperatively, epithelial integrity was evaluated at slit lamp and patients were queried regarding their ocular pain level. Results. One eye had a corneal infection associated with an epithelial defect. No other adverse event including endothelial decompensation or endothelial damage was observed, except for epithelial damages. Incidence of epithelial defects varied from 0 to 63%. Incidence of reported pain varied from 0 to 83%. Conclusion. Different transepithelial cross-linking protocols have varying impacts on epithelial integrity. At present, it seems impossible to have sufficient riboflavin penetration without any epithelial disruption. A compromise between efficacy and epithelial integrity has to be found.
authors.affiliation: Center for Refractive Surgery, Eye Department at St. Franziskus Hospital, Muenster, Hohenzollernring 70, 48145 Muenster, Germany ; Eye Clinic, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Suphi
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0593-6847
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taneri
authors.affiliation: Center for Refractive Surgery, Eye Department at St. Franziskus Hospital, Muenster, Hohenzollernring 70, 48145 Muenster, Germany.
authors.forename: Saskia
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9527-8360
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oehler
authors.affiliation: Avedro, Waltham, MA 02451, USA.
authors.forename: Grace
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2353-5203
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lytle
authors.affiliation: Eye Clinic, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: H Burkhard
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Dick