title: Relationship between nutrition and blood pressure: a cross-sectional analysis from the NutriNet-Santé Study, a French web-based cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypertension is the most prevalent chronic disease worldwide. Lifestyle behaviors for its prevention and control are recommended within worldwide guidelines. Nevertheless, their combined relationship with blood pressure (BP) level, particularly in the general population, would need more investigations. Our aim in this study was to evaluate the relative impact of lifestyle and nutritional factors on BP level.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analyses were performed using data from 8,670 volunteers from the NutriNet-Santé Study, an ongoing French web-based cohort study. Dietary intakes were assessed using three 24-hour records. Information on lifestyle factors was collected using questionnaires and 3 BP measurements following a standardized protocol. Age-adjusted associations and then multivariate associations between systolic BP (SBP) and lifestyle behaviors were estimated using multiple linear regressions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SBP was higher in participants with elevated body mass indices (BMIs). Salt intake was positively associated with SBP in men but not in women. The negative relationship between consumption of fruits and vegetables and SBP was significant in both sexes. Alcohol intake was positively associated with SBP in both sexes; physical activity was not. The 5 parameters representing the well-accepted modifiable factors for hypertension reduction plus age and education level, accounted for 19.7% of the SBP variance in women and 12.8% in men. Considering their squared partial correlation coefficient, age and BMI were the most important parameters relating to SBP level. Salt intake was not associated with SBP in either sex after multiple adjustments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BMI was the main contributory modifiable factor of BP level after multiple adjustments.
authors.affiliation: Paris-Descartes University, Faculty of Medicine; Hôtel-Dieu Hospital; Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris; Diagnosis and Therapeutic Center, Paris, France; Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité University; Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit-UMR U1153 INSERM, U1125 INRA, CNAM, Paris 13, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologies et Biostatistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, Bobigny, France;
authors.forename: Helene
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lelong
authors.affiliation: Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité University; Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit-UMR U1153 INSERM, U1125 INRA, CNAM, Paris 13, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologies et Biostatistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, Bobigny, France;
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galan
authors.affiliation: Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité University; Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit-UMR U1153 INSERM, U1125 INRA, CNAM, Paris 13, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologies et Biostatistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, Bobigny, France;
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kesse-Guyot
authors.affiliation: Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité University; Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit-UMR U1153 INSERM, U1125 INRA, CNAM, Paris 13, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologies et Biostatistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, Bobigny, France;
authors.forename: Leopold
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fezeu
authors.affiliation: Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité University; Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit-UMR U1153 INSERM, U1125 INRA, CNAM, Paris 13, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologies et Biostatistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, Bobigny, France; Department of Public Health, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hercberg
authors.affiliation: Paris-Descartes University, Faculty of Medicine; Hôtel-Dieu Hospital; Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris; Diagnosis and Therapeutic Center, Paris, France; Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité University; Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit-UMR U1153 INSERM, U1125 INRA, CNAM, Paris 13, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologies et Biostatistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, Bobigny, France; jacques.blacher@htd.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blacher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
keywords: blood pressure; body mass index; dietary survey; epidemiology; hypertension; nutritional factors.