title: In vivo kinetic biodistribution of nano-sized outer membrane vesicles derived from bacteria.
abstract: Evaluation of kinetic distribution and behaviors of nanoparticles in vivo provides crucial clues into their roles in living organisms. Extracellular vesicles are evolutionary conserved nanoparticles, known to play important biological functions in intercellular, inter-species, and inter-kingdom communication. In this study, the first kinetic analysis of the biodistribution of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs)-bacterial extracellular vesicles-with immune-modulatory functions is performed. OMVs, injected intraperitoneally, spread to the whole mouse body and accumulate in the liver, lung, spleen, and kidney within 3 h of administration. As an early systemic inflammation response, increased levels of TNF-α and IL-6 are observed in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In addition, the number of leukocytes and platelets in the blood is decreased. OMVs and cytokine concentrations, as well as body temperature are gradually decreased 6 h after OMV injection, in concomitance with the formation of eye exudates, and of an increase in ICAM-1 levels in the lung. Following OMV elimination, most of the inflammatory signs are reverted, 12 h post-injection. However, leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid are increased as a late reaction. Taken together, these results suggest that OMVs are effective mediators of long distance communication in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Su Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Sae Rom
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yae Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Kyong-Su
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ji Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jaewook
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Oh Youn
authors.initials: OY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eun-Jeong
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Dae-Kyum
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong-Sic
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Yoon-Keun
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jaesung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Di Vizio
authors.forename: Yong Song
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Gho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism*; D055354:Exosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007700:Kinetics; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D014018:Tissue Distribution
keywords: exosomes; extracellular vesicles; long distance communication; microvesicles; outer membrane vesicles