title: Genetic effects on refraction and correlation with hemodynamic variables: a twin study.
abstract: Spherical equivalent (SE) has not been linked to increased cardiovascular morbidity. Methods: 132 Hungarian twins(age 43.3±16.9 years) underwent refraction measurements (Huvitz MRK-3100 Premium AutoRefractokeratometer)and oscillometry (TensioMed Arteriograph). Results: Heritability analysis indicated major role for genetic components in the presence of right and left SE (82.7%, 95%CI, 62.9 to 93.7%, and 89.3%, 95%CI, 72.8 to 96.6%),while unshared environmental effects accounted for 17% (95%CI, 6.3% to 37%), and 11% (95%CI, 3.4% to 26.7%)of variations adjusted for age and sex. Bilateral SE showed weak age-dependent correlations with augmentation index (AIx), aortic pulse wave velocity (r ranging between 0.218 and 0.389, all p < 0.01), aortic systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure (r between 0.188 and 0.289, p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings support heritability of spherical equivalent, which does not coexist with altered hemodynamics (e.g. accelerated arterial aging).Accordingly, SE and the investigated hemodynamic parameters seem neither phenotypically nor genetically associated.
authors.affiliation: Semmelweis University Department of Ophthalmology Budapest Hungary.
authors.forename: G Zs
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Toth
authors.affiliation: Semmelweis University Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy Üllői út 78/a H-1082 Budapest Hungary.
authors.forename: Adam Domonkos
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Tarnoki
authors.affiliation: Semmelweis University Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy Üllői út 78/a H-1082 Budapest Hungary.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Tarnoki
authors.affiliation: Semmelweis University Department of Ophthalmology Budapest Hungary.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Racz
authors.affiliation: Semmelweis University Department of Ophthalmology Budapest Hungary Szent György Hospital Department of Ophthalmology Székesfehérvár Hungary.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Szekelyhidi
authors.affiliation: Central European University Budapest Hungary.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Littvay
authors.affiliation: Semmelweis University Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy Üllői út 78/a H-1082 Budapest Hungary.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karlinger
authors.affiliation: Semmelweis University School of Pharmacy Budapest Hungary.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lannert
authors.affiliation: Research Group for Inflammation Biology and Immunogenomics of Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary Military Hospital Department of Cardiology Budapest Hungary.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Molnar
authors.affiliation: The Methodist Hospital DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center Houston TX USA.
authors.forename: Zs
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Garami
authors.affiliation: Semmelweis University Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy Üllői út 78/a H-1082 Budapest Hungary.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Berczi
authors.affiliation: Semmelweis University Department of Ophthalmology Budapest Hungary.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Suveges
authors.affiliation: Semmelweis University Department of Ophthalmology Budapest Hungary.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nemeth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000235:genetics; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000235:genetics*; D040941:Heredity; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000235:genetics*; D014429:Twins, Dizygotic / Q000235:genetics*; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic / Q000235:genetics*; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000235:genetics
keywords: arterial stiffness; augmentation index; genetics; heritability; refraction