title: Body surface potential mapping for mapping and treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation.
abstract: Techniques facilitating individual mapping and ablation of arrhythmogenic substrates are desired to enhance our understanding of persistent atrial fibrillation (persAF) mechanisms as a prerequisite to increasing the success rates of single procedure persAF catheter ablation. The technique of body surface potential mapping (BSM) involves the use of multiple electrodes to collect the potentials over a large body surface area and, with the use of a computed tomography scan, it facilitates their correlation to a 3D model of the atrial structures. During AF,the visualization and localization of AF driver activity, both reentrant and focal wavefronts, is possible with this technique. The ECVUE system from CardioInsight was examined for this indication in clinical studies and showed a termination rate of persAF of 63 % in a large multicenter trial (AFACART) with a promising low recurrence rate during follow-up. From our initial experience, the system appears to be effective in persAF patients who have continuous AF for less than  1 year. However, the utility of the system for highly challenging cases like long-standing persistent AF and patients with very short AF cycle length remains to be explored. Further studies are needed to confirm these data and answer the multitude of open questions in this field.
authors.affiliation: II. Medical Clinic, Department of Electrophysiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany, torsten.konrad@unimedizin-mainz.de.
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Konrad
authors.forename: Cathrin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Theis
authors.forename: Hanke
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mollnau
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sonnenschein
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rostock
mesh_terms: D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000601:surgery*; D018780:Body Surface Potential Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000601:surgery*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome