title: The A-test: assessment of functional recovery during early rehabilitation of patients in an orthopedic ward--content, criterion and construct validity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The A-test was designed for assessment of functional recovery during early rehabilitation of patients in an orthopedic ward. This performance-based test consists of 10 items for assessing basic activities by a six level ordinal scale (0-5). Total scores can range from 0 to 50, i.e. from inability to perform any activity despite the help of therapists to complete independence and safety in performing all activities. The aim of this study was to examine the A-test validity.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study was conducted in an orthopedic ward and included 120 patients [60 patients with hip osteoarthritis that underwent arthroplasty and 60 surgically treated patients with hip fracture (HF)] during early inpatient rehabilitation (1st-5th day). Validity was examined through 3 aspects: content validity--floor and ceiling effect, range, skewness; criterion validity--concurrent validity [correlation with the University of Iowa Level of Assistance Scale (ILAS) for patients with hip osteoarthritis, and with the Cumulated Ambulation Score (CAS) for patients with HF, Spearman rank correlation] and predictive validity [the New Mobility Score (NMS) 4 weeks after surgery, Mann-Whitney U test]; construct validity--4 hypotheses: 1) on the fifth day of rehabilitation in patients underwent arthroplasty due to hip osteoarthritis, the A-test results will strongly correlate with those of ILAS, while the correlation with the Harris hip score will be less strong; 2) in patients with HF, the A-test results will be significantly better in those with allowed weight bearing as compared to patients whom weight bearing is not allowed while walking; 3) results of the A-test will be significantly better in patients with hip osetoarthritis than in those with HF; 4) the A-test results will be significantly better in patients younger than 65 years than in those aged 65 years and older.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The obtained results were: low floor (1%) and ceiling (2%) effect, range 0-50, skewness 0.57, strong correlation with ILAS for the patients with hip osteoarthritis (r = -0.97, p = 0.000) and with CAS for the patients with hip fracture (r = 0.91, p = 0.000). The patients with the A-test score 35 and more on the fifth day of rehabilitation (n = 46, Md = 4) had significantly higher NMS rank 4 weeks after surgery than the patients with the A-test score less than 35 (n = 59, Md = 2), (U = 379, z = -6.47, p = 0.000, r = 0.63). All 4 hypotheses were confirmed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The A-test is simple and valid instrument for everyday evaluation of pace and degree of functional recovery during early rehabilitation of patients surgically treated in an orthopedic ward.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vukomanović
authors.forename: Aleksandar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Djurović
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Popović
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pejović
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000534:rehabilitation; D062785:Hemiarthroplasty / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015207:Osteoarthritis, Hip / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D016474:Weight-Bearing