title: Multivalent anchored and crosslinked hyperbranched polyglycerol monolayers as antifouling coating for titanium oxide surfaces.
abstract: A set of new catecholic monolayer coatings was developed to improve the antifouling performance of TiO2 surfaces. To solve the problem of the weak charge-transfer interaction between a single catechol anchor and TiO2, multiple catechol groups were combined with hyperbranched polyglycerol (hPG) which is a distinct dendritic scaffold that exposes its multivalent anchor groups on the surface. Thus, multivalent catecholic hPGs can be easily prepared for surface modification. The immobilization of the compounds was monitored by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. Surface properties of the coatings were analyzed by water contact angle, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The antifouling ability and stability were investigated by protein adsorption and cell adhesion. By increasing the number of catechol groups on the hPG scaffold, the stability and surface coverage could be significantly enhanced. Moreover, the inner-layer crosslinking of the coatings by grafting and initiating vinyl groups clearly improved their long-term stability. As a result, hPG with a catecholic functional degree of 10% (hPG-Cat10) and hPG with both catecholic and vinylic functional degree of 5% (hPG-Cat5-V5) were identified as the best catecholic hPGs to prepare bioinert and stable monolayer coatings on TiO2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Helmholtz Virtual Institute, Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, 14513 Teltow-Seehof, Germany.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Physik Department and IMETUM, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krysiak
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Achazi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Helmholtz Virtual Institute, Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, 14513 Teltow-Seehof, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Becherer
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials (FhG IFAM), 28359 Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: Paul-Ludwig Michael
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Noeske
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paulus
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Hendrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liebe
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials (FhG IFAM), 28359 Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grunwald
authors.affiliation: Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Laboratory Medicine, CVK, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dernedde
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials (FhG IFAM), 28359 Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hartwig
authors.affiliation: Physik Department and IMETUM, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hugel
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Helmholtz Virtual Institute, Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, 14513 Teltow-Seehof, Germany. Electronic address: haag@chemie.fu-berlin.de.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haag
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005990:Glycerol / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; C009495:titanium dioxide; C043941:polyglycerol; D014025:Titanium; D005990:Glycerol
keywords: Antifouling; Hyperbranched polyglycerol; Multivalent anchoring monolayers; Protein resistance; Surface modification