title: Assessment of bacterial resistance to organic solvents using a combined confocal laser scanning and atomic force microscopy (CLSM/AFM).
abstract: Using combined confocal laser scanning and atomic force microscopy (CLSM/AFM), bacterial viability under organic solvent stress was assessed at single cell level. Solvent-exposed bacteria stained with the LIVE/DEAD BacLight fluoresced green or red, allowing viable and dead cell discrimination. However, with toluene, butanol and acetonitrile, dually fluorescent cells appeared having compromised cell membranes. Changes in size, surface/volume ratio and roughness were revealed as possible resistance mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Golev Street, 614081 Perm, Russia; Microbiology and Immunology Department, Perm State University, 15 Bukirev Street, 614900 Perm, Russia. Electronic address: kuyukina@iegm.ru.
authors.forename: Maria S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kuyukina
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Golev Street, 614081 Perm, Russia; Microbiology and Immunology Department, Perm State University, 15 Bukirev Street, 614900 Perm, Russia.
authors.forename: Irena B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Ivshina
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Golev Street, 614081 Perm, Russia.
authors.forename: Irina O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Korshunova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Golev Street, 614081 Perm, Russia; Microbiology and Immunology Department, Perm State University, 15 Bukirev Street, 614900 Perm, Russia.
authors.forename: Ekaterina V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Rubtsova
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force / Q000379:methods; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012997:Solvents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012997:Solvents
keywords: Atomic force microscopy; Confocal laser scanning microscopy; Organic solvent tolerant bacteria; Profilometry; Rhodococcus; Viability testing