title: [Botulinum toxin therapy for spasticity].
abstract: Botulinum toxin (BTX) administered as an adjunct to other interventions for spasticity can act as a useful and effective therapeutic tool for treating patients disabled by spasticity. Presence of other non-reflex motor disorders (muscle stiffness, shortness, and contracture) can complicate the clinical course and disturb rehabilitative process of patients with spasticity. Treatment of spasticity using BTX can improve paralysis by correcting muscular imbalance that follows these diseases. In patients with chronic severe spasticity, we also have to address unique and difficult-to-treat clinical conditions such as abnormal posture and movement disorders. The effectiveness of BTX in treating some of these conditions is discussed. Because patients with neurological disabilities can show complex dysfunctions, specific functional limitations, goals, and expected outcomes of treatment should be evaluated and discussed with the patient, family members, and caregivers, prior to initiating BTX therapy. BTX therapy might improve not only care, passive function, but also motor functions in these patients by supplementing intensive rehabilitation with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct-current stimulation, peripheral electrical stimulation, muscle stretching, and other rehabilitation strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Masakado
mesh_terms: D065087:Acetylcholine Release Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D065087:Acetylcholine Release Inhibitors; D001905:Botulinum Toxins