title: Low peak power multiband spokes pulses for B1 (+) inhomogeneity-compensated simultaneous multislice excitation in high field MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To design low peak and integrated power simultaneous multislice excitation radiofrequency pulses with transmit field inhomogeneity compensation in high field MRI.
  
  
  METHODS
  The "interleaved greedy and local optimization" algorithm for small-tip-angle spokes pulses is extended to design multiband (MB) spokes pulses that simultaneously excite multiple slices, with independent spokes weight optimization for each slice. The peak power of the pulses is controlled using a slice phase optimization technique. Simulations were performed at 7T to compare the peak power of optimized MB spokes pulses to unoptimized pulses, and to compare the proposed slice-independent spokes weight optimization to a joint approach. In vivo experiments were performed at 7T to validate the pulse's function and compare them to conventional MB pulses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Simulations showed that the peak power-minimized pulses had lower peak power than unregularized and integrated power-regularized pulses, and that the slice-independent spokes weight optimization consistently produced lower flip angle inhomogeneity and lower peak and integrated power pulses. In the brain imaging experiments, the MB spokes pulses showed significant improvement in excitation flip angle and subsequently signal homogeneity compared to conventional MB pulses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed MB spokes pulses improve flip angle homogeneity in simultaneous multislice acquisitions at ultrahigh field, with minimal increase in integrated and peak radiofrequency power.
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Anuj
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bammer
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
authors.forename: V Andrew
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Stenger
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.|Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Grissom
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D011846:Radio Waves
keywords: multiband pulses; optimization; parallel transmit; spokes pulses