title: [The effect of low molecular heparin and urokinase on MCP-1 of acute experimental pulmonary embolism in rabbits].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate effect the of thrombolytic (urokinase, UK) and anticoagulant agent (low-molecular-weight heparin, LMWH) on the pulmonary injury of rabbits with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) by assaying monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1).
  
  
  METHODS
  Rabbit models with PE were established by transfusing autologous blood clots on 60 healthy male Japanese white rabbits. Experimental PE rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups:normal saline (NS) group (n = 18) , LMWH group (n = 18) and UK group (n = 18), and other 18 rabbits underwent sham operations as SHAM group (n = 18). Each group was divided into 3 subgroups based on 2 days (day 2), 4 days (day 4), and 14 days (day 14) after therapies. Arterial blood gas analysis was measured. MCP-1 levels in lung tissue and blood were assayed with ELISA at various times (day 2, day 4 and day 14 ). Fixed sections were stained with trichrome for intimal hyperplasia determination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall rate of success for making PE rabbit models was 90% (54/60), which was not affected by treatment. Compared with NS group, P(A-a)O2 significantly decreased in UK group. Compared with NS group, MCP-1 levels in lung tissue significantly decreased in LMWH group on day 4 [(33 ± 9) ng/L vs (48 ± 5) ng/L, P < 0.05] and day 14 [(30 ± 11) ng/L vs (41 ± 4) ng/L, P < 0.05]; MCP-1 levels in serum on day 14 also significantly decreased in LMWH group [(36 ± 10) ng/L vs (51 ± 5) ng/L, P < 0.05]. Compared with NS group, MCP-1 levels in lung tissue significantly decreased in UK group on day 2 and 4 [Day 2: (34 ± 8) ng/L vs (50 ± 4) ng/L, P < 0.05; Day 4: (29 ± 7) ng/L vs (48 ± 5) ng/L, P < 0.05]; MCP-1 levels in serum on day 2 and day 4 also significantly decreased in UK group [Day 2: (44 ± 3) ng/L vs (48 ± 3) ng/L, P < 0.05; Day 4: (44 ± 4) ng/L vs (53 ± 1)ng/L, P < 0.05].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UK treatment may rapidly improve V/Q ratio and decrease MCP-1 levels in lung tissue or serum, but it can not inhibit persistent inflammation. LMWH can decrease MCP-1 levels in lung tissue or serum, and inhibit persistent inflammation and late intimal hyperplasia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China.
authors.forename: Hongzhi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China. Email: wq572004@163.com.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Junping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Zhongzhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator