title: Status of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use and its association with chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional survey in China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been reported to be associated with adverse effects including kidney injury, while relevant studies from developing countries are limited. We aimed to explore the status of NSAIDs use in China, as well as cross-sectional association between NSAIDs intake and presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A national representative sample of 47,204 adults in China was used. Prevalence of regular NSAIDs use was reported. Age- and sex- matched controls of NSAIDs users were then selected. The association between NSAIDs use and kidney injury were analyzed using logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Altogether 1129 participants reported regular use of NSAIDs, with the adjusted prevalence of 3.6% (95% CI, 3.2%-3.9%). And 76.9% of them (n = 868) had taken phenacetin-containing analgesics, with an adjusted prevalence of 3.2% (95% CI, 2.9%-3.5%). After adjusting for potential confounders, long-term NSAIDs intake (≥ 48 months) was associated with eGFR < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2, with an OR of 2.36 (95% CI, 1.28-4.37).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regular use of NSAIDs, especially phenacetin-containing drugs, is prevalent in China. And long-term NSAIDs intake (≥ 48 months) was independently associated with reduced renal function.
authors.affiliation: Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yujing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Luxia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiaomei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010615:Phenacetin / Q000009:adverse effects; D015995:Prevalence; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D010615:Phenacetin
keywords: chronic kidney disease; cross-sectional study; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs