title: Bovine immunoglobulin protein isolates for the nutritional management of enteropathy.
abstract: The gastrointestinal tract is responsible for a multitude of digestive and immune functions which depend upon the balanced interaction of the intestinal microbiota, diet, gut barrier function, and mucosal immune response. Disruptions in one or more of these factors can lead to intestinal disorders or enteropathies which are characterized by intestinal inflammation, increased gut permeability, and reduced capacity to absorb nutrients. Enteropathy is frequently associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune enteropathy, radiation enteritis, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), where pathologic changes in the intestinal tract lead to abdominal discomfort, bloating, abnormal bowel function (e.g., diarrhea, urgency, constipation and malabsorption). Unfortunately, effective therapies for the management of enteropathy and restoring intestinal health are still not available. An accumulating body of preclinical studies has demonstrated that oral administration of plasma- or serum-derived protein concentrates containing high levels of immunoglobulins can improve weight, normalize gut barrier function, and reduce the severity of enteropathy in animal models. Recent studies in humans, using serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate, demonstrate that such protein preparations are safe and improve symptoms, nutritional status, and various biomarkers associated with enteropathy. Benefits have been shown in patients with HIV infection or diarrhea-predominant IBS. This review summarizes preclinical and clinical studies with plasma/serum protein concentrates and describes the effects on host nutrition, intestinal function, and markers of intestinal inflammation. It supports the concept that immunoglobulin-containing protein preparations may offer a new strategy for restoring functional homeostasis in the intestinal tract of patients with enteropathy.
authors.affiliation: Bryon W Petschow, Eric M Weaver, Audrey L Shaw, Bruce P Burnett, Gerald L Klein, Entera Health, Inc., NC 27518, United States.
authors.forename: Bryon W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Petschow
authors.affiliation: Bryon W Petschow, Eric M Weaver, Audrey L Shaw, Bruce P Burnett, Gerald L Klein, Entera Health, Inc., NC 27518, United States.
authors.forename: Anthony T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Blikslager
authors.affiliation: Bryon W Petschow, Eric M Weaver, Audrey L Shaw, Bruce P Burnett, Gerald L Klein, Entera Health, Inc., NC 27518, United States.
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.affiliation: Bryon W Petschow, Eric M Weaver, Audrey L Shaw, Bruce P Burnett, Gerald L Klein, Entera Health, Inc., NC 27518, United States.
authors.forename: Joy M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: Bryon W Petschow, Eric M Weaver, Audrey L Shaw, Bruce P Burnett, Gerald L Klein, Entera Health, Inc., NC 27518, United States.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Polo
authors.affiliation: Bryon W Petschow, Eric M Weaver, Audrey L Shaw, Bruce P Burnett, Gerald L Klein, Entera Health, Inc., NC 27518, United States.
authors.forename: Audrey L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: Bryon W Petschow, Eric M Weaver, Audrey L Shaw, Bruce P Burnett, Gerald L Klein, Entera Health, Inc., NC 27518, United States.
authors.forename: Bruce P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Burnett
authors.affiliation: Bryon W Petschow, Eric M Weaver, Audrey L Shaw, Bruce P Burnett, Gerald L Klein, Entera Health, Inc., NC 27518, United States.
authors.forename: Gerald L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: Bryon W Petschow, Eric M Weaver, Audrey L Shaw, Bruce P Burnett, Gerald L Klein, Entera Health, Inc., NC 27518, United States.
authors.forename: J Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rhoads
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D064307:Microbiota; D009752:Nutritional Status; D018529:Nutritional Support / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D010539:Permeability; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators
keywords: Diarrhea; Gut barrier; Immunoglobulins; Inflammation; Malabsorption; Nutrition; Plasma proteins; Treatment