title: Dysregulated expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors may participate in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Trophoblast invasion into the maternal endometrium serves an important function in human pregnancy. Dysregulation of the finely controlled process of trophoblast invasion can result in a wide spectrum of pregnancy abnormalities.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to elucidate the relationship between the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and pregnancy complication.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consisted of placental bed biopsy tissues obtained from normal vaginal deliveries (N=15), normal cesarean deliveries (N=15), pre-eclampsia (N=24) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) (N=10). We evaluated the expressions of MMP-2, -8, -9, -11, -19, -15 (MT2-MMP), -16 (MT3-MMP), and -24 (MT5-MMP), as well as TIMP-1 and -3, by applying Western blot and immunohistochemistry methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human placental tissues were used for this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expressions of MMP-2, -8, -9, -11, -19, -15 (MT2-MMP), -16 (MT3-MMP), and -24 (MT5-MMP), as well as TIMP-1 and -3 in human placenta tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with those in normal pregnancies, the expression of MMP-2, -8, -9 and -11 was downregulated in villous tissues of pre-eclampsia and FGR cases (p<0.05). TIMP-1 and -3 were increased in pre-eclampsia and FGR (p<0.05). No significant difference was found between normal vaginal deliveries and cesarean deliveries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We speculate that the change in invasion-associated proteinase expression will affect placental development and may thus contribute to the development of complicated pregnancies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
authors.forename: JiaYu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China. Electronic address: zjpang@126.net.
authors.forename: ZhanJun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China. Electronic address: yuyh_1010@126.com.
authors.forename: YanHong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010920:Placenta / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases
keywords: Fetal growth restriction; Matrix metalloproteinase; Placenta; Pre-eclampsia; Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase; Trophoblast invasion; Trophoblast-related diseases