title: Multigenerational effects of whole body exposure to 2.14 GHz W-CDMA cellular phone signals on brain function in rats.
abstract: The present experimental study was carried out with rats to evaluate the effects of whole body exposure to 2.14 GHz band code division multiple access (W-CDMA) signals for 20 h a day, over three generations. The average specific absorption rate (SAR, in unit of W/kg) for dams was designed at three levels: high (<0.24 W/kg), low (<0.08 W/kg), and 0 (sham exposure). Pregnant mothers (4 rats/group) were exposed from gestational day (GD) 7 to weaning and then their offspring (F1 generation, 4 males and 4 females/dam, respectively) were continuously exposed until 6 weeks of age. The F1 females were mated with F1 males at 11 weeks old, and then starting from GD 7, they were exposed continuously to the electromagnetic field (EMF; one half of the F1 offspring was used for mating, that is, two of each sex per dam and 8 males and 8 females/group, except for all offspring for the functional development tests). This protocol was repeated in the same manner on pregnant F2 females and F3 pups; the latter were killed at 10 weeks of age. No abnormalities were observed in the mother rats (F0 , F1 , and F2 ) and in the offspring (F1 , F2 , and F3 ) in any biological parameters, including neurobehavioral function. Thus, it was concluded that under the experimental conditions applied, multigenerational whole body exposure to 2.14 GHz W-CDMA signals for 20 h/day did not cause any adverse effects on the F1 , F2 , and F3 offspring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirai
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Jianqing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawabe
authors.forename: Kanako
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wake
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: So-Ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000528:radiation effects; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D040421:Cell Phone; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000528:radiation effects; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000528:radiation effects; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000528:radiation effects; D009929:Organ Size; D018812:Paternal Exposure; D011831:Radiation Genetics; D011874:Radiometry; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012098:Reproduction / Q000528:radiation effects
keywords: brain function; electromagnetic field; multigeneration; rat; whole-body exposure