title: Biodegradation of IMX-101 explosive formulation constituents: 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), and nitroguanidine.
abstract: Defense agencies are increasingly using insensitive munitions (IM) in place of explosives such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. In this study simultaneous aerobic degradation of the IMX-101 formulation constituents 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), and nitroguanidine (NQ) was observed and degradation products were examined. Degradation products over four days of incubation included: nitrourea, 1,2-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one, and 2,4-dinitrophenol. The enrichment culture maximum specific growth rate of 0.12h(-1) and half saturation constant of 288 mg L(-1) during degradation of IMX-101 as a sole nitrogen source suggest that enrichment culture growth kinetics may closely relate to those of other explosive and nitroaromatic compounds.
authors.affiliation: West Virginia University, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.affiliation: West Virginia University, Civil and Environmental Engineering, PO Box 6103, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA. Electronic address: jennifer.weidhaas@mail.wvu.edu.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weidhaas
mesh_terms: D000840:Anisoles / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D046508:Culture Techniques; D006146:Guanidines / Q000378:metabolism*; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014230:Triazoles / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C505897:3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one; D000840:Anisoles; D006146:Guanidines; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D014230:Triazoles; C539360:2,4-dinitroanisole; D009584:Nitrogen; C056179:nitroguanidine
keywords: 2,4-Dinitroanisole; Biodegradation; Enrichment culture; Insensitive munition; NTO; Nitroguanidine