title: Computer-aided surgical planner for a new bone deformity correction device using axis-angle representation.
abstract: Current external fixators for distraction osteogenesis (DO) are unable to correct all types of deformities in the lower limb and are difficult to use because of the lack of a pre-surgical planning system. We propose a DO system that consists of a surgical planner and a new, easy-to-setup unilateral fixator that not only corrects all lower limb deformity, but also generates the contralateral/predefined bone shape. Conventionally, bulky constructs with six or more joints (six degrees of freedom, 6DOF) are needed to correct a 3D deformity. By applying the axis-angle representation, we can achieve that with a compact construct with only two joints (2DOF). The proposed system makes use of computer-aided design software and computational methods to plan and simulate the planned procedure. Results of our stress analysis suggest that the stiffness of our proposed fixator is comparable to that of the Orthofix unilateral external fixator. We tested the surgical system on a model of an adult deformed tibia and the resulting bone trajectory deviates from the target bone trajectory by 1.8mm, which is below our defined threshold error of 2mm. We also extracted the transformation matrix that defines the deformity from the bone model and simulated the planned procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address: yingyingwu@cmu.edu.
authors.forename: Ying Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Bone and Joint Center, Magee Womens Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address: plakap@upmc.edu.
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Plakseychuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address: shimada@cmu.edu.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D006801:Humans; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012984:Software; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013977:Tibia / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Axial fixator; Axis-angle representation; Bone shape regeneration; Distraction osteogenesis; External fixator; Surgical planner