title: Reliability of surface electromyography in the assessment of paraspinal muscle fatigue: an updated systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to review the literature to determine whether surface electromyography (EMG) is a reliable tool to assess paraspinal muscle fatigue in healthy subjects and in patients with low back pain (LBP).
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search for the period of 2000 to 2012 was performed, using PubMed, ProQuest, Science Direct, EMBASE, OVID, CINAHL, and MEDLINE databases. Electromyography, reliability, median frequency, paraspinal muscle, endurance, low back pain, and muscle fatigue were used as keywords.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The literature search yielded 178 studies using the above keywords. Twelve articles were selected according to the inclusion criteria of the study. In 7 of the 12 studies, the surface EMG was only applied in healthy subjects, and in 5 studies, the reliability of surface EMG was investigated in patients with LBP or a comparison with a control group. In all of these studies, median frequency was shown to be a reliable EMG parameter to assess paraspinal muscles fatigue. There was a wide variation among studies in terms of methodology, surface EMG parameters, electrode location, procedure, and homogeneity of the study population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that there seems to be a convincing body of evidence to support the merit of surface EMG in the assessment of paraspinal muscle fatigue in healthy subject and in patients with LBP.
authors.affiliation: Professor, Iranian Research Centre on Aging, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Evin, Tehran, Iran; Visiting Professor, University Institute of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mohammad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mohseni Bandpei
authors.affiliation: PhD Student, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Nahid
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rahmani
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Basir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Majdoleslam
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: Irajabdollahi@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Iraj
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Abdollahi
authors.affiliation: PhD Student, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Shabnam Shah
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Therapy, University Institute of Physical Therapy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ashfaq
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018763:Muscle Fatigue; D064170:Paraspinal Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
keywords: Electromyography; Low Back Pain; Muscle Fatigue; Reliability; Review; Systematic