title: An active serological survey of antibodies to newcastle disease and avian influenza (H9N2) viruses in the unvaccinated backyard poultry in Bushehr province,Iran, 2012-2013.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the antibodies against newcastle disease virus (NDV) and avian influenza virus (AIV, H9N2) in the unvaccinated backyard poultry in Bushehr province, Iran from 2012 to 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1 530 blood samples from unvaccinated backyard chickens in Bushehr province, south of Iran, were tested for antibodies against NDV and AIV (H9N2) by hemagglutination inhibition test according to International Epizootic Office (OIE) recommendation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of these, 614 (40.13%) and 595 (39.00%) were positive for NDV and AIV (H9N2) respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of the present study indicated that NDV and AIV (H9N2) were endemic and widely distributed in backyard areas of Bushehr province which should be incorporated in the control strategies. Further studies are needed to identify the circulating virus genotypes, model their transmission risk, provide adapted control measures and design proper and applicable vaccination program.
authors.affiliation: Bushehr Veterinary Organization, Bushehr, Iran.
authors.forename: Yousef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saadat
authors.affiliation: Iranian Veterinary Organization, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Ali
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ghafouri
authors.affiliation: Iranian Veterinary Organization, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Farshad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tehrani
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Arash Ghalyanchi
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Langeroudi
keywords: Backyard chicken; H9N2; Iran; Newcastle disease