title: Expression features of DNA methylcytosine dioxygenase ten-eleven translocation 1 in human dental pulp cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) can specifically generate reparative dentin under external stimuli, and numerous mechanisms are involved in their odontogenic differentiation process. Ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1) is a recently discovered DNA dioxygenase that plays important roles in promoting DNA demethylation and transcriptional regulation. Although several studies regarding its effect on cell differentiation and proliferation have been conducted, the expression and function of TET1 have not yet been characterized in hDPCs. The purpose of this study was to explore the expression features of TET1 in hDPCs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cellular TET1 localization in hDPCs was determined by immunofluorescence. The expression pattern of TET1 and its potential changes during odontogenic induction were confirmed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TET1 existed in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus of the hDPCs. During serial cell passaging, TET1 expression significantly increased until the 6th passage and then decreased from the 7th-9th passages (P < .05, n = 3). TET1 gene and protein expression increased during the odontogenic differentiation of the hDPCs in a time-dependent manner (P < .05, n = 3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TET1 messenger RNA and protein were both present in the hDPCs. TET1 expression increased during early spontaneous differentiation and odontogenic induction.
authors.affiliation: Guanghua School of Stomatology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qimeng
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guanghua School of Stomatology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Lijia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Guanghua School of Stomatology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Deqian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Guanghua School of Stomatology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: xqiong@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000201:enzymology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000201:enzymology; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000235:genetics; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009805:Odontogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; C462539:TET1 protein, human
keywords: Demethylation; TET1; dental pulp cells; odontogenic differentiation