title: Assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction in patients eligible for ICD therapy: Discrepancy between cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and 2D echocardiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) and cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) have substantially improved the survival of patients with cardiomyopathy. Eligibility for this therapy requires a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <35 %. This is largely based on studies using echocardiography. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is increasingly utilised for LVEF assessment, but several studies have shown differences between LVEF assessed by CMR and echocardiography. The present study compared LVEF assessment by CMR and echocardiography in a heart failure population and evaluated effects on eligibility for device therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  152 patients (106 male, mean age 65.5 ± 9.9 years) referred for device therapy were included. During evaluation of eligibility they underwent both CMR and echocardiographic LVEF assessment. CMR volumes were computed from a stack of short-axis images. Echocardiographic volumes were computed using Simpson's biplane method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study population demonstrated an underestimation of end-diastolic volume (EDV) and end-systolic volume (ESV) by echocardiography of 71 ± 53 ml (mean ± SD) and 70 ± 49 ml, respectively. This resulted in an overestimation of LVEF of 6.6 ± 8.3 % by echocardiography compared with CMR (echocardiographic LVEF 31.5 ± 8.7 % and CMR LVEF 24.9 ± 9.6 %). 28 % of patients had opposing outcomes of eligibility for cardiac device therapy depending on the imaging modality used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found EDV and ESV to be underestimated by echocardiography, and LVEF assessed by CMR to be significantly smaller than by echocardiography. Applying an LVEF cut-off value of 35 %, CMR would significantly increase the number of patients eligible for device implantation. Therefore, LVEF cut-off values might need reassessment when using CMR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, s.dehaan@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Haan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Commandeur
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Beek
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: van Rossum
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Allaart