title: Bosentan protects the spinal cord from ischemia reperfusion injury in rats through vascular endothelial growth factor receptors.
abstract: METHODS
  Experimental study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether Bosentan, an endothelin-A/-B dual receptor antagonist, could protect neurons after spinal cord ischemia reperfusion (SCIR) injury in rats and its underlying signaling pathway.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups, saline group (IRS, n=48) and Bosentan group (IRB, 5 mg kg(-1), n=48). After ischemia for 1 h with occlusion of the infrarenal aorta, spinal cord were reperfused for 6h, 12h, 24h, 3d, 5d, and 7d separately. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in serum. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect protein expression of VEGF, VEGF receptor 1 (FLT-1) and VEGF receptor 2 (FLK-1). Gene expressions of VEGF and its receptors were evaluated using the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the IRS group, gene and protein expressions of VEGF, FLT-1 and FLK-1 were significantly increased (P<0.05), so was the concentration of VEGF in plasma (P<0.05). FLK-1 was expressed on spinal cord neurons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Seng
authors.affiliation: Department of Spine Surgery, Xi'an Red Cross Society Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000077300:Bosentan; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D013449:Sulfonamides; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C501164:Flt1 protein, rat; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2; D000077300:Bosentan