title: A noncalibration spectroscopic method to estimate ether extract and fatty acid digestibility of feed and its validation with flaxseed and field pea in pigs.
abstract: Digestibility of ether extract (EE) or fatty acids (FA) is traditionally measured by chemical analyses for EE or GLC methods for FA combined with marker concentration in diet and digesta or feces. Digestibility of EE or FA may be predicted by marker concentrations and spectral analyses of diet and digesta or feces. On the basis of Beer's law, a noncalibration spectroscopic method, which used functional group digestibility (FGD) determined with marker concentration and peak intensity of spectra of diets and undigested residues (digesta or feces), was developed to predict the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of total FA and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of EE. To validate, 4 diets containing 30% flaxseed and field pea coextruded with 4 extruder treatments and a wheat and soybean basal diet with predetermined AID of total FA and ATTD of EE were used. Samples of ingredients, diets, and freeze-dried digesta and feces were scanned on a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) instrument with a single-reflection attenuated total reflection (ATR) accessory. The intensity of either the methylene (CH2) antisymmetric stretching peak at 2,923 cm(-1) (R(2) = 0.90, P < 0.01) or the symmetric stretching peak at 2,852 cm(-1) (R(2) = 0.86, P < 0.01) of ingredients, diet, and digesta spectra was related strongly to the concentration of total FA. The AID of total FA of diets measured using GLC was predicted by the spectroscopic method using FGD at 2,923 and 2,852 cm(-1) (R(2) = 0.75, P < 0.01) with a bias of 0.54 (SD = 3.78%) and -1.35 (SD = 3.74%), respectively. The accumulated peak intensity in the region between 1,766 and 1,695 cm(-1) of spectra was related to EE concentration in ingredients and diets (R(2) = 0.61, P = 0.01) and feces (R(2) = 0.88, P < 0.01). The relation was improved by using second-derivative spectra of the sum of peak intensities at 1,743 and 1,710 cm(-1) for ingredients and diets (R(2) = 0.90, P = 0.01) and at 1,735 and 1,710 cm(-1) for feces (R(2) = 0.92, P < 0.01). The ATTD of EE of test diets determined with proximate analysis was estimated by the FGD of nonderivative spectra with or without baseline (R(2) = 0.90, P < 0.01) with a bias of 3.15 (SD = 3.14%) and 3.50 (SD = 3.24%), respectively. In conclusion, instead of using GLC methods or predictions based on calibrations, the AID of total FA and ATTD of EE can also be estimated directly from ATR FT-IR spectra, provided the ratio of marker in the diet and undigested residue is known.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada.
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4V6, Canada.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Swift
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada ruurd.zijlstra@ualberta.ca.
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Zijlstra
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D057785:Catheters / Q000662:veterinary; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology*; D004986:Ether; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D019597:Flax / Q000737:chemistry; D007082:Ileum / Q000502:physiology; D018532:Pisum sativum / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D004986:Ether
keywords: digestibility; ether extract; fatty acid; pig; spectroscopy