title: Inhibition of inflammatory mediator release from microglia can treat ischemic/hypoxic brain injury.
abstract: Interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β aggravate neuronal injury by mediating the inflammatory reaction following ischemic/hypoxic brain injury. It remains unclear whether interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β are released by microglia or astrocytes. This study prepared hippocampal slices that were subsequently subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation. Hematoxylin-eosin staining verified that neurons exhibited hypoxic changes. Results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay found that interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β participated in this hypoxic process. Moreover, when hypoxic injury occurred in the hippocampus, the release of interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β was mediated by the P2X4 receptor and P2X7 receptor. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that during ischemia/hypoxia, the P2X4 receptor, P2X7 receptor, interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β expression was detectable in rat hippocampal microglia, but only P2X4 receptor and P2X7 receptor expression was detected in astrocytes. Results suggested that the P2X4 receptor and P2X7 receptor, respectively, mediated interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β released by microglia, resulting in hippocampal ischemic/hypoxic injury. Astrocytes were activated, but did not synthesize or release interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Huaibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Weitao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing 400030, China.
authors.forename: Hongliang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Mingnan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Ziqiu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Qixian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xiao
keywords: P2X4 receptor; P2X7 receptor; astrocytes; brain injury; grants-supported paper; hippocampal slices; inflammatory; interleukin-1β; microglia; neural regeneration; neuroregeneration; oxygen-glucose deprivation