title: Tolerance of the nanocellulose-producing bacterium Gluconacetobacter xylinus to lignocellulose-derived acids and aldehydes.
abstract: Lignocellulosic biomass serves as a potential alternative feedstock for production of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), a high-value-added product of bacteria such as Gluconacetobacter xylinus. The tolerance of G. xylinus to lignocellulose-derived inhibitors (formic acid, acetic acid, levulinic acid, furfural, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural) was investigated. Whereas 100 mM formic acid completely suppressed the metabolism of G. xylinus, 250 mM of either acetic acid or levulinic acid still allowed glucose metabolism and BNC production to occur. Complete suppression of glucose utilization and BNC production was observed after inclusion of 20 and 30 mM furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, respectively. The bacterium oxidized furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to furoic acid and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furoic acid, respectively. The highest yields observed were 88% for furoic acid/furfural and 76% for 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furoic acid/5-hydroxymethylfurfural. These results are the first demonstration of the capability of G. xylinus to tolerate lignocellulose-derived inhibitors and to convert furan aldehydes.
authors.affiliation: China-Sweden Associated Research Laboratory in Industrial Biotechnology and ‡Group of Microbiological Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, and #School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University , Shanghai 201620, China.
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Winestrand
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Dengxin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Leif J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Jönsson
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000494:pharmacology; D002482:Cellulose / Q000378:metabolism; D005561:Formates / Q000494:pharmacology; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D005663:Furans / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D041822:Gluconacetobacter xylinus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D007218:Industrial Microbiology / Q000379:methods; D007982:Levulinic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C521074:5-hydroxymethyl-2-furoic acid; D000447:Aldehydes; D005561:Formates; D005663:Furans; D007982:Levulinic Acids; C030544:formic acid; C036909:lignocellulose; C008046:5-hydroxymethylfurfural; D002482:Cellulose; D008031:Lignin; D005662:Furaldehyde; D005947:Glucose; C060089:2-furoic acid; D019342:Acetic Acid; C032246:levulinic acid
keywords: Gluconacetobacter xylinus; aliphatic acids; bacterial nanocellulose; biotransformation; furan aldehydes; lignocellulose