title: Persimmon leaf flavonoid promotes brain ischemic tolerance.
abstract: Persimmon leaf flavonoid has been shown to enhance brain ischemic tolerance in mice, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. The bilateral common carotid arteries were occluded using a micro clip to block blood flow for 10 minutes. After 10 minutes of ischemic preconditioning, 200, 100, and 50 mg/kg persimmon leaf flavonoid or 20 mg/kg ginaton was intragastrically administered per day for 5 days. At 1 hour after the final administration, ischemia/reperfusion models were estab-lished by blocking the middle cerebral artery for 2 hours. At 24 hours after model establishment, compared with cerebral ischemic rats without ischemic preconditioning or drug intervention, plasma endothelin, thrombomodulin and von Willebrand factor levels significantly decreased and intercel-lular adhesion molecule-1 expression markedly reduced in brain tissue from rats with ischemic pre-conditioning. Simultaneously, brain tissue injury reduced. Ischemic preconditioning combined with drug exposure noticeably improved the effects of the above-mentioned indices, and the effects of 200 mg/kg persimmon leaf flavonoid were similar to 20 mg/kg ginaton treatment. These results indicate that ischemic preconditioning produces tolerance to recurrent severe cerebral ischemia. However, persimmon leaf flavonoid can elevate ischemic tolerance by reducing inflammatory reactions and vascular endothelial injury. High-dose persimmon leaf flavonoid showed an identical effect to ginaton.
authors.affiliation: Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450008, Henan Province, China.
authors.forename: Mingsan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450008, Henan Province, China.
authors.forename: Xuexia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450008, Henan Province, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450008, Henan Province, China.
authors.forename: Linan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: brain injury; brain ischemic tolerance; endothelin; ginaton; grants-supported paper; intercellular adhesion molecule-1; ischemia/reperfusion injury; ischemic preconditioning; neural regeneration; neuroregeneration; persimmon leaf flavonoid; traditional Chinese medicine