title: Morphological alterations in the dentition of type I diabetes mellitus patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endocrine disorder that occurs commonly in an age group, where the development of primary and permanent dentition takes place. As altered endocrine functions may affect the shape and size of teeth leading to dental anomalies, this study was conducted to look for the occurrence of any dental anomalies in type I DM patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A diabetic camp was conducted at Alur Chandrashekharappa Memorial Hospital, Davangere, where 30 diabetic patients were examined and the impressions of their maxillary and mandibular arches were recorded. Age and sex matched controls were selected randomly, and similar recordings were done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Type I diabetic patients showed statistically significant (P < 0.001) morphological alterations of total number of cusps, including presence of 6(th) cusp in mandibular molars and extra cusps in mandibular premolars. Other alterations such as microdontia, flower shaped mandibular molars, prominent cusp of carabelli, and oblique ridge in maxillary molars were also noted. Severe attrition was found in 11 (36.6%) of the diabetic patients, whereas the control group showed attrition only in 2 (6.8%) patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Remarkable morphological alterations do occur in the dentition of type I DM patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Andamuthu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamunadevi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Praveen S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Basandi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Madhushankari
authors.affiliation: Independent researcher and consultant pathologist, Belgaum, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Mandana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Donoghue
authors.affiliation: Department of General Medicine, J.J.M Medical College, Davangere, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Alur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manjunath
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Manickam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Selvamani
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, St. Joseph Dental College, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Puneeth
keywords: Morphological alterations; odontogenesis; oral manifestations; tuberculum intermedium; tuberculum sextum; type I diabetes mellitus