title: A proteomics analysis to evaluate cytotoxicity in NRK-52E cells caused by unmodified Nano-Fe₃O₄.
abstract: We synthesized unmodified Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) with particles size from 10 nm to 100 nm. We cultured NRK-52E cell lines (rat, kidney) and treated with Fe₃O₄ NPs to investigate and evaluate the cytotoxicity of NPs for NRK-52E cells. Through global proteomics analysis using dimethyl labeling techniques and liquid phase chromatography coupled with a tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS), we characterized 435 proteins including the programmed cell death related proteins, ras-related proteins, glutathione related proteins, and the chaperone proteins such as heat shock proteins, serpin H1, protein disulfide-isomerase A4, endoplasmin, and endoplasmic reticulum resident proteins. From the statistical data of identified proteins, we believed that NPs treatment causes cell death and promotes expression of ras-related proteins. In order to avoid apoptosis, NRK-52E cell lines induce a series of protective effects such as glutathione related proteins to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS), and chaperone proteins to recycle damaged proteins. We suggested that, in the indigenous cellular environment, Fe₃O₄ NPs treatment induced an antagonistic effect for cell lines to go to which avoids apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Fooyin University, 151 Jinxue Road, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Reng
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chao-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan ; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan ; Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hugo You-Hsien
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6888-4138
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Kaiser Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 9 Huan-Gong Road, Tainan 71041, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chin-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan ; Center for Resources, Research and Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Shin
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1437-177X
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000378:metabolism; D010316:Particle Size; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003603:Cytotoxins; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C000499:ferric oxide; D018631:ras Proteins