title: Effects of alcohol and polyphenols from beer on atherosclerotic biomarkers in high cardiovascular risk men: a randomized feeding trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Moderate alcohol consumption exerts a cardioprotective effect, but no studies have evaluated the alcohol-independent cardiovascular effects of the non-alcoholic components of beer. We aimed to evaluate the effects of ethanol and the phenolic compounds of beer on classical and novel cardiovascular risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-three high risk male volunteers were included in a randomized, crossover feeding trial. After a washout period, all subjects received beer (30 g alcohol/d, 660 mL), the equivalent amount of polyphenols as non-alcoholic beer (990 mL), and gin (30 g alcohol/d, 100 mL) for 4 weeks. All outcomes were evaluated before and after each intervention period. Moderate alcohol consumption increased serum HDL-cholesterol (∼5%), ApoA-I (∼6%), ApoA-II (∼7%) and adiponectin (∼7%), and decreased serum fibrinogen (∼8%), and interleukin (IL)-5 (∼14%) concentrations, whereas the non-alcoholic fraction of beer (mainly polyphenols) increased the receptor antagonist of IL-1 (∼24%), and decreased lymphocyte expression of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (∼11%), lymphocyte and monocyte expression of Sialil-Lewis X (∼16%) and monocyte expression of CCR2 (∼31%), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-β (∼14%) and IL-15 (∼22%) plasma concentrations. No changes were observed in glucose metabolism parameters or in body weight and adiposity parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The phenolic content of beer reduces leukocyte adhesion molecules and inflammatory biomarkers, whereas alcohol mainly improves the lipid profile and reduces some plasma inflammatory biomarkers related to atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chiva-Blanch
authors.affiliation: Primary Care Research Group, IDIBAPS, Centre d'Assistència Primària ABS Les Corts, GESCLINIC, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Magraner
authors.affiliation: Primary Care Research Group, IDIBAPS, Centre d'Assistència Primària ABS Les Corts, GESCLINIC, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Condines
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valderas-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arranz
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Casas
authors.affiliation: Primary Care Research Group, IDIBAPS, Centre d'Assistència Primària ABS Les Corts, GESCLINIC, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.affiliation: Primary Care Research Group, IDIBAPS, Centre d'Assistència Primària ABS Les Corts, GESCLINIC, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hervas
authors.affiliation: Primary Care Research Group, IDIBAPS, Centre d'Assistència Primària ABS Les Corts, GESCLINIC, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sisó
authors.affiliation: CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain; Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martínez-Huélamo
authors.affiliation: CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain; Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vallverdú-Queralt
authors.affiliation: CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain; Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Quifer-Rada
authors.affiliation: CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain; Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lamuela-Raventos
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain. Electronic address: restruch@clinic.ub.es.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Estruch
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000819:agonists / Q000097:blood; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000032:analysis; D001054:Apolipoproteins A / Q000819:agonists / Q000097:blood; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001515:Beer / Q000032:analysis*; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000819:agonists / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005527:Food, Fortified / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D001054:Apolipoproteins A; D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D059808:Polyphenols
keywords: Adhesion molecules; Alcohol; Atherosclerosis; Beer; Cardiovascular disease; Cytokines; Polyphenols