title: Relationship between dysphagia and mild cognitive impairment in a community-based elderly cohort: the Korean longitudinal study on health and aging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between dysphagia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults residing in an independent-living facility in Korea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based, cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seongnam, Korea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Korean men and women aged 65 and older living in a typical South Korean city (n = 415) were enrolled in the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dysphagia was assessed using the Standardized Swallowing Assessment (SSA). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Neuropsychological Assessment Battery, digit span test, and lexical fluency test. MCI was diagnosed using operational diagnostic criteria and further classified into amnestic and nonamnestic MCI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Men with nonanmestic MCI had a greater likelihood of having dysphagia (odds ratio (OR) = 3.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.12-12.72) than men without MCI. Men with nonanmestic MCI were almost six times as likely to have dysphagia (OR = 5.78, 95% CI = 1.15-29.27) as men with no neurological disorder after adjusting for age, education level, current smoking and drinking, diabetes mellitus, and apolipoprotein E-4 carrier status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Men with nonamnestic MCI were more likely to have dysphagia than were their counterparts without MCI, whereas this difference was not found in men with amnestic MCI and women. Assessment of executive functions that interfere with planning of motor activities may be useful in predicting dysphagia and in planning preventive and therapeutic strategies for older men.
authors.forename: Eun Joo
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ki Woong
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Nam-Jong
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Paik
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires