title: The incidence of hip fractures in Estonia, 2005-2012.
abstract: The incidence of hip fractures among individuals aged over 50 in Estonia and trends over time were assessed for 2005-2012. The incidence among women is relatively low, with the declining trend, but the rate among men is among the highest in Eastern and Central Europe.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and trends of hip fractures among individuals over 50 years in Estonia in 2005-2012 and to increase understanding of the incidence of hip fractures in Eastern Europe.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified all patients aged 50 years or older with hip fracture (ICD-10 codes S72.0, S72.1 and S72.2) in 2005-2012 using medical claims data from the Estonian Health Insurance Fund. Crude and age-specific incidence rates were calculated for men and women using the population of Estonia in 2005-2012. To adjust for age differences in the population, standardized incidence rates (SIR) were estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SIR per 100,000 for the entire observation period was 209.2 (95% CI 204.2 to 214.2) in women and 215.6 (95%CI 208.2 to 223.1) in men, resulting in a female to male rate ratio of 0.97 (95% CI 0.84 to 1.11). Over the period of 2005-2012 the estimated SIR/100,000 ranged from 211.5 (95% CI 196.8-226.3) in 2005 to 183.7 (95% CI 170.8-196.7) in 2012 in women, and from 238.5 (95% CI 215.4-261.7) in 2005 to 187.9 (95% CI 169.0-206.8) in 2012, in men. For women, the decrease in SIR for the study period approached statistical significance (p = 0.058), and for the period of 2009-2012, we observed an accelerated 16% decrease (p = 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of hip fractures among Estonian women is relatively low, whereas the rate among men is among the highest in Eastern and Central Europe. In line with many countries, we found a recent decline in incidence among women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia, mikkjurisson@gmail.com.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jürisson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vorobjov
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kallikorm
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lember
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uusküla
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004957:Estonia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017678:Sex Distribution