title: Air atmospheric-pressure plasma-jet treatment enhances the attachment of human gingival fibroblasts for early peri-implant soft tissue seals on titanium dental implant abutments.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although dental implants are commonly used for tooth restoration, there is a lack of studies of treatment regimens for preventing extra-oral infection and decreasing osseointegration failures by establishing early peri-implant soft tissue seals on titanium dental implant abutments. In this study, air atmospheric-pressure plasma-jet (AAPPJ) treatment was applied to titanium disks to assay the potential for early peri-implant soft tissue seals on titanium dental implant abutment.
  
  
  METHODS
  After titanium disks were treated with AAPPJ for 10 s at 250, 500, 1000 and 1500 sccm, surface analysis was performed; the control group received air only or no treatment. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) were seeded onto the specimens for evaluating cell attachment and proliferation and adherent-cell morphology was visualized via confocal microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In AAPPJ-treated specimens, the water contact angle decreased according to increased flow rate. Oxygen composition increased in XPS, but no topographical changes were detected. The effect of AAPPJ treatment at 1000 sccm was apparent 2 mm from the treated spot, with a 20% increase in early cell attachment and proliferation. Adherent HGF on AAPPJ-treated specimens displayed a stretched phenotype with more vinculin formation than the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of this study, the results indicate that AAPPJ treatment may enhance the early attachment and proliferation of HGF for establishing early peri-implant soft tissue seals on titanium dental implant abutments with possible favorable effects of osseointegration of dental implant.
authors.affiliation: Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering.
authors.forename: Jung-Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yong-Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eun-Ha
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Kwang-Mahn
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyoung-Nam
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D000044:Dental Abutments; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000502:physiology*; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D010641:Phenotype; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D058626:Plasma Gases / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D016596:Vinculin / Q000032:analysis; D017155:Wettability
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; D058626:Plasma Gases; C488955:VCL protein, human; D016596:Vinculin; D014025:Titanium
keywords: air atmospheric pressure plasma jet; human gingival fibroblast; peri-implant soft tissue seals; titanium dental implant abutment