title: Potentially malignant oral disorders and high-risk habits in liver cirrhosis and lung cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the role of smoking, drinking, and their synergistic effect in the occurrence of potentially malignant oral disorders (PMOD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined three groups: 50 patients with lung cancer, 50 patients with liver cirrhosis, and 50 patients with clear medical history. Scores were developed for drinking, smoking, drinking & smoking, and PMOD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All four scores were the lowest in the control group. The lung cancer group showed the highest Smoking, Alcohol & Smoking and Lesions score, while the liver cirrhosis group had the Alcohol score the highest. Compared with the control group, lung cancer group is more likely to develop a PMOD than the liver cirrhosis group (OR = 12.31/OR = 6.71). Statistical significance between the groups was found in the Lesions score (χ(2)  = 15.34; P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The patients with lung cancer and liver cirrhosis represent a high-risk group for PMOD. Patients with lung cancer and liver cirrhosis have never, to our knowledge, been categorized as high-risk patients for PMOD. After diagnosed, patients with lung cancer and liver cirrhosis should have a routine oral cavity examination, as they present a high-risk group for PMOD and oral cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Dubrava, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Salarić
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Povrzanović
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brajdić
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lukšić
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Macan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007971:Leukoplakia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017676:Lichen Planus, Oral / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: alcohol drinking; cancer screening; oral cancer; precancerous conditions; smoking