title: The pain of altruism.
abstract: Sociality and cooperation are benefits to human cultures but may carry unexpected costs. We suggest that both the human experience of pain and the expression of distress may result from many causes not experienced as painful in our close primate relatives, because human ancestors motivated to ask for help survived in greater numbers than either the thick-skinned or the stoic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. Electronic address: blf2@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Barbara L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Finlay
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Supriya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Syal
mesh_terms: D000533:Altruism; D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D003142:Communication; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*