title: Rheological quality of pearl millet porridge as affected by grits size.
abstract: Study was conducted to optimize pearl millet grits size for the preparation of acceptable porridge with skimmed milk powder (SMP). Pearl millet porridge was prepared with different grits size (1.410, 0.841, 0.595, and 0.420 mm). A positive (r = 0.904) correlation was observed between water absorption index and grits size. Porridge showed shear thinning behavior as, initially shear stress increased with increase in shear rate and later on decreased. Porridge prepared with larger grits (1.410 mm) exhibited higher firmness (38.4 ± 1.27 N) and viscosity (446 ± 3.9 cP), whereas smaller grits (0.420 mm) resulted in less viscous (118.8 ± 1.74 cP) and firm (20.4 ± 1.85 N) porridge. The medium grits (0.841 mm) produced porridge with acceptable firmness (30.7 ± 1.56 N) and viscosity (298.1 ± 8.81 cP) with moderate (6.0 ± 0.10) acceptability. To improve sensory quality of porridge (grits size 0.841 mm); skimmed milk powder at different levels (0, 5, 10 and 15 %) was added and its effect on various quality parameters was studied. SMP addition significantly (P ≤ 0.05) modified the gelatinization and gelling behavior of grits and decreased (P ≤ 0.05) all the pasting characteristics except pasting temperature, which increased from 77.1 ± 1.85 to 85.9 ± 3.46 °C. The peak (499 ± 6.6 cP) and final viscosity (450 ± 11.9 cP) of porridge (0.841 mm) prepared with 15 % SMP are quite similar. Hence, it maintains viscosity on cooling, similar to maximum viscosity attained during cooking. Keeping in view the rheological, firmness and sensory quality, 0.841 mm grits of pearl millet with 15 % SMP was found optimum for preparation of acceptable porridge.
authors.affiliation: Food Grains and Oilseeds Processing Division, Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, 141 004 Punjab India.
authors.forename: Deep N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: Food Grains and Oilseeds Processing Division, Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, 141 004 Punjab India.
authors.forename: Navnidhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chhikara
authors.affiliation: Food Grains and Oilseeds Processing Division, Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, 141 004 Punjab India.
authors.forename: Tanupriya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.affiliation: Food Grains and Oilseeds Processing Division, Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, 141 004 Punjab India.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Dairy Technology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132 001 India.
authors.forename: Ashish K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Singh
keywords: Firmness; Pearl millet; Porridge; Rheology; Skimmed milk powder; Viscosity