title: Micro-endoscopic ear anatomy of guinea pig applied to experimental surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe topographic and endoscopic anatomy of guinea pig ear for development of surgical approaches in experimental studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental study. Eight adult guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) were used in this study. Four animals were described through endoscopic view and four animals were used to describe topographic anatomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main structures of middle ear were well identified through endoscopy view: oval and round window, ossicles and vascular structures. Temporal bone position, landmarks and its relations to skull are perceived with topographic description.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topographic anatomic description allowed exposition of temporal bone relations for external surgical approaches. Alternatively, grooves and middle ear structures were identified and may be used to transcanal accesses.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of São Paulo.
authors.forename: Bruno Borges de Carvalho
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.affiliation: Federal University - São Paulo.
authors.forename: José Santos Cruz de
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: Federal University of São Paulo.
authors.forename: Leandro Borborema
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Federal University of São Paulo.
authors.forename: Gustavo Ribeiro
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Pifaia
authors.affiliation: Federal University of São Paulo.
authors.forename: Oswaldo Laércio Mendonça
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: Federal University - São Paulo.
authors.forename: Ektor Tsuneo
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Onishi
authors.affiliation: Neck Surgery Department, Federal University of São Paulo.
authors.forename: Norma de Oliveira
authors.initials: Nde O
authors.lastname: Penido
mesh_terms: D059925:Anatomic Landmarks / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D000818:Animals; D003051:Cochlea / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D004423:Ear / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery*; D007758:Ear, Inner / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D023421:Models, Animal; D057605:Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology