title: Tacrolimus for the treatment of subepithelial infiltrates resistant to topical steroids after adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the use of topical 0.03% tacrolimus in patients with symptomatic corneal subepithelial infiltrates (SEIs) secondary to adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis (AK) that were resistant to tapering of corticosteroid eye drops.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, nonrandomized, noncomparative interventional case series that included consecutive patients treated with tacrolimus for resistant SEIs after AK. The patients had active SEIs and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) of 20/25 or worse when treatment was initiated. The recorded data included age, sex, CDVA, intraocular pressure, duration and intensity of symptoms, biomicroscopy findings, and duration of therapy. The treatment was considered successful if there was a reduction in SEIs, as well as CDVA stabilization or improvement. The treatment was considered unsuccessful if the patient could not tolerate tacrolimus or if there was an increase in SEIs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven patients were included (10 eyes). The mean age was 36.7 ± 12.3 years. The mean duration of tacrolimus therapy was 8.8 ± 2.4 months, and the mean duration of follow-up was 13.6 ± 10.7 months. Treatment was successful in 8 eyes of 6 patients. One patient could not tolerate the medication. Statistically significant improvement in the CDVA was observed (from a mean of 0.29 to 0.07) (P = 0.001). No statistically significant changes in the intraocular pressure were observed (P = 0.574). SEI scores showed a significant reduction from 2.20 ± 0.92 to 0.25 ± 0.46 (P = 0.011). All patients who completed treatment had improvement in ocular symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical 0.03% tacrolimus seemed to be an effective corticosteroid-sparing agent for the treatment of SEIs after AK.
authors.affiliation: *Cornea Department, Sadalla Amin Ghanem Eye Hospital, Joinville, Brazil; and †Univille University, Joinville, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ramon Coral
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Ghanem
authors.forename: Juliana Ferreira da Costa
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.forename: Vinícius Coral
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Ghanem
mesh_terms: D000258:Adenovirus Infections, Human / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000187:drug effects*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000821:virology; D015828:Eye Infections, Viral / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007637:Keratoconjunctivitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D016559:Tacrolimus