title: cpDNA microsatellite markers for Lemna minor (Araceae): Phylogeographic implications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A lack of genetic markers impedes our understanding of the population biology of Lemna minor. Thus, the development of appropriate genetic markers for L. minor promises to be highly useful for population genetic studies and for addressing other life history questions regarding the species. •
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the first time, we characterized nine polymorphic and 24 monomorphic chloroplast microsatellite markers in L. minor using DNA samples of 26 individuals sampled from five populations in Kashmir and of 17 individuals from three populations in Quebec. Initially, we designed 33 primer pairs, which were tested on genomic DNA from natural populations. Nine loci provided markers with two alleles. Based on genotyping of the chloroplast DNA fragments from 43 sampled individuals, we identified one haplotype in Quebec and 11 haplotypes in Kashmir, of which one occurs in 56% of the genotypes, one in 8%, and nine in 4%, respectively. There was a maximum of two alleles per locus. •
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These new chloroplast microsatellite markers for L. minor and haplotype distribution patterns indicate a complex phylogeographic history that merits further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190 006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: Gowher A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Wani
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190 006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: Manzoor A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190 006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: Zafar A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Reshi
authors.affiliation: Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, Quebec GIV0A6, Canada.
authors.forename: Alain R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Atangana
authors.affiliation: Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, Quebec GIV0A6, Canada.
authors.forename: Damase P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Khasa
keywords: Araceae; Lemna minor; chloroplast DNA; haplotype; microsatellites