title: Disease associated clinical factors and FTO  polymorphism: effect on body mass in children  with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One of the consequences of excessive weight gain during insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an increased predisposition to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Not only clinical but also genetic factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of this phenomenon. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors as well as the fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene rs9939609 variant in a large group of children with T1DM of the same ethnic-Polish origin. A total of 1237 children with T1DM and 1015 controls were recruited.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportions of patients with obesity, hypertension, and abnormal LDL-cholesterol levels among children with T1DM were significantly higher than those in the non-diabetic. There was a higher rate of overweight, central obesity, and abnormal LDL-cholesterol levels among girls in comparison to that in boys in the group of children with diabetes. Children with inadequate metabolic control were characterized by the presence of more CVD risk factors. Similar differences were observed in children treated with the use of pens versus those using insulin pumps. The FTO gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) correlated with body mass index (BMI) in both control and diabetic children, but the effect was lesser in diabetics. In a regression model the current BMI-SDS value in diabetics was significantly affected by the baseline BMI, disease duration, metabolic control, and subject's sex, but not the FTO genotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical rather than genetic factors have a greater impact on the development of overweight and obesity in insulin-treated children
authors.forename: Włodzimierz
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Łuczyński
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szypowska
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Głowińska-Olszewska
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szadkowska
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bossowski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000071516:Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000235:genetics; D050177:Overweight / Q000235:genetics; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D011506:Proteins; D000071516:Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO; C526492:FTO protein, human