title: Surface properties correlated with the human gingival fibroblasts attachment on various materials for implant abutments: a multiple regression analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To reveal the suitable surface condition of an implant abutment for fibroblast attachment, the correlation between the surface characteristics of various materials and the human gingival fibroblast (HGF-1) attachment to the surfaces were analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six kinds of surfaces comprised of machined titanium alloy (SM), machined Co-Cr-Mo alloy (CCM), titanium nitride coated titanium alloy (TiN), anodized titanium alloy (AO), composite resin coating on titanium alloy (R) and zirconia (Zr) were used. The measured surface parameters were Sa, Sq, Sz, Sdr, Sdq, Sal, Str and water contact angle (WCA). The HGF-1 cell attachment was investigated and the correlations were analyzed using a multiple regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HGF-1 cell attachment was greater in the SM, TiN and Zr groups than the other groups and smallest in the CCM group (p = 0.0096). From the multiple regression analysis, the HGF-1 cell attachment was significantly correlated with Sdr, Sdq and WCA. When the R group was excluded, only WCA showed significant correlation with the fibroblast attachment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of this study, the cell attachment of human gingival fibroblasts was correlated with WCA, developed interfacial area ratio and surface slope. When the surfaces with Sa values of ∼ 0.2 μm or less were concerned, only WCA showed a correlation in a third order manner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Department of Periodontics, Asan Medical Center , Seoul , Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Sung
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seung-Yun
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Seung-Kyun
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Seung-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D002858:Chromium Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D000044:Dental Abutments; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000502:physiology*; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D017155:Wettability; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D002858:Chromium Alloys; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003188:Composite Resins; D003722:Dental Alloys; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); C009495:titanium dioxide; C041500:titanium nitride; D015040:Zirconium; D014025:Titanium; C028541:zirconium oxide
keywords: dental abutments; dental implants; fibroblasts; surface properties; wettability