title: [Novel no-flip Shang Ring circumcision for adult males: a clinical application study of 528 cases].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and clinical outcomes of the novel simplified no-flip surgical approach to Shang Ring male circumcision in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 528 adult males, aged 18 - 58 (mean 35) years, 63 with phimosis and 465 with redundant prepuce, underwent no-flip Shang Ring circumcision with or without removal of the outer ring. The operation time and intraoperative blood loss were recorded and observations were made on such complications as postoperative bleeding, infection, edema, and wound dehiscence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and 2-hour postoperative pain score were (3.8 +/- 0.3) min, (0.6 +/- 0.1) ml, and 7.3 +/-0.3, respectively. Spontaneous ring detachment occurred at 21.6 +/- 2.1 days postoperatively in 12.7% of the patients (67/528) who had chosen not to remove the rings. Of those who preferred removal of the outer ring (87.3% [461/528]), none experienced any pain at the ring removal 7 days after the operation. Postoperative complications included infection in 3 cases (0.56%) and mild edema in 9 (1.70%), but no bleeding and wound dehiscence. Totally, 518 (98.1%) of the patients felt satisfied with the postoperative penile appearance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No-flip Shang Ring circumcision, with no need for removal of the inner ring, is a safe and simple approach for adult males, which is superior to conventional Shang Ring circumcision for requirement of fewer surgical instruments, shorter operation time, lower incidence of complications, and better satisfaction with the penile appearance. However, these advantages are to be further demonstrated by more randomized controlled trials.
authors.forename: Ben-Hai
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yi-Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002944:Circumcision, Male / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010688:Phimosis / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D055815:Young Adult