title: Toward the Multilevel Older Person's Transportation and Road Safety Model: A New Perspective on the Role of Demographic, Functional, and Psychosocial Factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Self-regulation refers to the practice of using self-imposed restrictions to protect oneself from situations that are, or are perceived to be, unsafe. Within the driving context, self-regulation refers the compensatory practices that some older adults adopt to restrict their driving to situations in which they feel safe. However, the way in which demographic, functional, and psychosocial factors, and the interactions between these factors, influence older adults' driving self-regulation is not well understood. Improving this understanding could lead to new ways of considering the mobility concerns faced by older drivers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of the current literature was conducted to explore this issue. Twenty-nine empirical studies investigating the factors associated with older adults' self-regulatory driving behaviors were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The review findings were used to construct the Multilevel Older Persons Transportation and Road Safety (MOTRS) model. The MOTRS model proposes that individual and environmental factors such as age, gender, and the availability of alternative transportation predict older adults' practice of driving-related self-regulation. However, these variables influence self-regulation through psychosocial variables such as driving confidence, affective attitude, and instrumental attitude toward driving.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MOTRS model extends previous attempts to model older adults' driving by focusing on a novel target, driving self-regulation, and by including a wider range of predictors identified on the basis of the systematic literature review. This focus enables consideration of broader mobility issues and may inform new strategies to support the mobility of older adults.
authors.affiliation: School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety-Queensland (CARRS-Q), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. i.wong@qcmhr.uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Ides Y
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety-Queensland (CARRS-Q), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Simon S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. Clinical Neuropsychology Research Group, School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.affiliation: Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety-Queensland (CARRS-Q), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Alicia C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Allan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D012649:Self Concept; D014186:Transportation / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Driving; Driving self-regulation; Mobility; Older adults; Safety.