title: A targeted approach for evaluating preclinical activity of botanical extracts for support of bone health.
abstract: Using a sequential in vitro/in vivo approach, we tested the ability of botanical extracts to influence biomarkers associated with bone resorption and bone formation. Pomegranate fruit and grape seed extracts were found to exhibit anti-resorptive activity by inhibiting receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) expression in MG-63 cells and to reduce IL-1β-stimulated calvarial (45)Ca loss. A combination of pomegranate fruit and grape seed extracts were shown to be effective at inhibiting bone loss in ovariectomised rats as demonstrated by standard histomorphometry, biomechanical and bone mineral density measurements. Quercetin and licorice extract exhibited bone formation activity as measured by bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) promoter activation, increased expression of BMP-2 mRNA and protein levels, and promotion of bone growth in cultured mouse calvariae. A combination of quercetin and licorice extract demonstrated a potential for increasing bone mineral density in an intact female rat model as compared with controls. The results from this sequential in vitro/in vivo research model yielded botanical extract formulas that demonstrate significant potential benefits for bone health.
authors.affiliation: Nutrilite Health Institute , 5600 Beach Boulevard, Buena Park, CA 90622 , USA.
authors.forename: Yumei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Nutrilite Health Institute , 5600 Beach Boulevard, Buena Park, CA 90622 , USA.
authors.forename: Mary A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.affiliation: OsteoScreen Ltd , 2040 Babcock Road, San Antonio, TX 78023 , USA ; 9909 Charthouse Cove, Austin, TX 78730 , USA.
authors.forename: I Ross
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Garrett
authors.affiliation: OsteoScreen Ltd , 2040 Babcock Road, San Antonio, TX 78023 , USA ; Southwest Research Institute , 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238 , USA.
authors.forename: Gloria E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.affiliation: OsteoScreen Ltd , 2040 Babcock Road, San Antonio, TX 78023 , USA ; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37232 , USA.
authors.forename: Jeffry S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Nyman
authors.affiliation: OsteoScreen Ltd , 2040 Babcock Road, San Antonio, TX 78023 , USA ; Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37232 , USA.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mundy
authors.affiliation: Access Business Group , 7575 East Fulton Avenue, Ada, MI 49355 , USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fast
authors.affiliation: Nutrilite Health Institute , 5600 Beach Boulevard, Buena Park, CA 90622 , USA.
authors.forename: Kevin W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Gellenbeck
authors.affiliation: Access Business Group , 7575 East Fulton Avenue, Ada, MI 49355 , USA.
authors.forename: Amitabh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.affiliation: Nutrilite Health Institute , 5600 Beach Boulevard, Buena Park, CA 90622 , USA ; The Himalaya Drug Company , Makali, Tumkur Road, Bangalore - 562123 , India.
authors.forename: Shyam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramakrishnan
keywords: AR, anti-resorptive sample; BF, bone formation sample; BMD, bone mineral density; BMP, bone morphogenetic protein; Bone formation; Bone morphogenetic protein-2; Botanical extracts; OVX, ovariectomised; PTH, parathyroid hormone; RANKL, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand; Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand; SHAM, sham-operated; vBMD, volumetric bone mineral density; µCT, micro-computed tomography device