title: Chromatographic and electrophoretic strategies for the chiral separation and quantification of d- and l-threo methylphenidate in biological matrices.
abstract: Commercially available methylphenidate (MPH) exists as a racemic mixture composed of the d- and l-threo enantiomers. Various pharmacokinetic studies of MPH have shown a greater pharmacological potency of the d-threo enantiomer. Furthermore, it was deduced that the stereoselective cleavage of MPH to produce ritalinic acid (RA) by human carboxylesterase results in a higher oral bioavailability of the d-threo enantiomer. As a requirement for pharmaceutical regulation authorities, efforts have been made to determine the differential biological distribution of d- and l-threo MPH and RA enantiomers. In support of these efforts, numerous analytical procedures have been developed for the chiral separation and quantification of MPH enantiomers in a variety of biological matrices. The available methodologies accomplish the enantioseparation and quantification of MPH using gas chromatography, liquid chromatography or capillary electrophoretic techniques coupled with a variety of detectors. The current review discusses the technical procedures involved, and the sensitivity and selectivity of these assays.
authors.affiliation: Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA.
authors.forename: Serena A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Brooks B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Pond
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D008774:Methylphenidate
keywords: CE-UV; GC-MS; LC-MS; enantioquantification; methylphenidate