title: The calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor KN-93 protects rat cerebral cortical neurons from N-methyl-D-aspartic acid-induced injury.
abstract: In this study, primary cultured cerebral cortical neurons of Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats were treated with 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 μM calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor KN-93 after 50 μM N-methyl-D-aspartic acid-induced injury. Results showed that, compared with N-methyl-Daspartic acid-induced injury neurons, the activity of cells markedly increased, apoptosis was significantly reduced, leakage of lactate dehydrogenase decreased, and intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations in neurons reduced after KN-93 treatment. The expression of caspase-3, phosphorylated calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and total calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II protein decreased after KN-93 treatment. And the effect was apparent at a dose of 1.0 μM KN-93. Experimental findings suggest that KN-93 can induce a dose-dependent neuroprotective effect, and that the underlying mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of caspase-3 and calmodulin- dependent protein kinase II expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical College, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Xuewen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Liaoning Medical College, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Cui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical College, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Ruixian
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: Jinzhou Kangning Hospital, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical College, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Buxian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical College, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Xidong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical College, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Qiushi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical College, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Yanhui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
keywords: KN-93; N-methyl-Daspartic acid; apoptosis; brain injury; calcium ion; calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II; caspase-3; grant-supported paper; neural regeneration; neuroprotection; neuroregeneration; photographs-containing paper