title: Circulating fatty acids and prostate cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis of prospective studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Individual studies have suggested that some circulating fatty acids are associated with prostate cancer risk, but have not been large enough to provide precise estimates of associations, particularly by stage and grade of disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Principal investigators of prospective studies on circulating fatty acids and prostate cancer were invited to collaborate. Investigators provided individual participant data on circulating fatty acids (weight percent) and other characteristics of prostate cancer cases and controls. Prostate cancer risk by study-specific fifths of 14 fatty acids was estimated using multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression. All statistical tests were two-sided.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five thousand and ninety-eight case patients and 6649 control patients from seven studies with an average follow-up of 5.1 (SD = 3.3) years were included. Stearic acid (18:0) was inversely associated with total prostate cancer (odds ratio [OR] Q5 vs Q1 = 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.78 to 1.00, P trend = .043). Prostate cancer risk was, respectively, 14% and 16% greater in the highest fifth of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.29, Ptrend = .001) and docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3) (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.33, P trend = .003), but in each case there was heterogeneity between studies (P = .022 and P < .001, respectively). There was heterogeneity in the association between docosapentaenoic acid and prostate cancer by grade of disease (P = .006); the association was statistically significant for low-grade disease but not high-grade disease. The remaining 11 fatty acids were not statistically associated with total prostate cancer risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no strong evidence that circulating fatty acids are important predictors of prostate cancer risk. It is not clear whether the modest associations of stearic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosapentaenoic acid are causal.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
authors.forename: Francesca L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Crowe
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
authors.forename: Paul N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Appleby
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
authors.forename: Ruth C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Travis
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
authors.forename: Matt
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
authors.forename: Theodore M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Brasky
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
authors.forename: H Bas
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Bueno-de-Mesquita
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
authors.forename: Veronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chajes
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
authors.forename: Jorge E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Chavarro
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
authors.forename: Maria-Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Chirlaque
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
authors.forename: Dallas R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: English
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
authors.forename: Graham G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Giles
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
authors.forename: Gary E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
authors.forename: Susanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Henning
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaaks
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
authors.forename: Irena B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
authors.forename: Lawrence N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Kolonel
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kristal
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
authors.forename: Marian L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Neuhouser
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
authors.forename: Song-Yi
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Severi
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
authors.forename: Afshan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siddiq
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
authors.forename: Meir J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stampfer
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
authors.forename: Pär
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stattin
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Tangen
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tjønneland
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trichopoulos
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tumino
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
authors.forename: Lynne R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Wilkens
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Key
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (FLC, PNA, RCT, TJK); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MB, GEG, IBK, MLN); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (TMB); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (HBB); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (HBB); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (HBB); Nutrition and Metabolism Section and the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (VC); Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEC, MJS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain (MC); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain (MC); Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DRE, GGG, GS); FOODplus Research Centre, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia (RAG); Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (SMH); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (RK); Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (LNK, SYP, LRW); Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hu
authors.forename: Naomi E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000097:blood; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013229:Stearic Acids / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D013229:Stearic Acids; C031183:stearic acid; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; C026219:docosapentaenoic acid