title: Influence of psycho-social factors on the emergence of depression and suicidal risk in patients with schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of certain psychosocial factors - insight, psycho-education, family and social support, loneliness and social isolation - on the appearance of depression and suicidal risk in schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study that comprised hospitalized patients with schizophrenia in the initial remission phase. The assessment of depression and suicidal risk was made by applying a semi-structured psychiatric interview that included scrutinized factors (insight, psycho-education, family and social support, loneliness and social isolation), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS). On the basis of the assessment results, the sample was divided into two groups: Group of patients with depression and suicidal risk in schizophrenia (N = 53) and Control group (N = 159) of patients with schizophrenia without depression and suicidal risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the Group of patients with depression and suicidal risk, compared with the Control group, there was significantly higher frequency of insight in the mental status (χ² = 31.736, p < 0.001), number of patients without psycho-education (χ² = 10.039, p = 0.002), deficit of family support (χ² = 13.359, p = 0.001), deficit of social support (χ² = 6.103, p=0.047), loneliness (χ² = 6.239, p = 0.012), and social isolation (χ² = 47.218, p < 0.001). Using the model of multi-variant logistic regression, insight, deficit of psycho-education and social isolation (p < 0.05) were identified as predictors of depression and suicidal risk in schizophrenia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that considered psycho-social factors - insight in the mental status, lack of psycho-education, as well as social isolation - could be predictors for appearance of depression and suicidal risk in schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Priština, presiding in Kosovska Mitovica, Serbia, katarina.djokic.pjescic@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Katarina Dokić
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Pješčić
authors.forename: Milutin M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Nenadović
authors.forename: Miroslava
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jašović-Gašić
authors.forename: Goran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Trajković
authors.forename: Mirjana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kostić
authors.forename: Radmila
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ristić-Dimitrijević
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001364:Awareness; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008132:Loneliness; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012306:Risk; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D055771:Serbia; D012934:Social Isolation; D012944:Social Support; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D055815:Young Adult