title: Dietary exposure of BDE-47 and BDE-99 and effects on behavior, bioenergetics, and thyroid function in juvenile red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) and common snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina).
abstract: Juvenile red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) and snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) were fed food dosed with brominated diphenyl ether-47 (BDE-47) or BDE-99 for 6 mo beginning approximately 9 mo posthatch. During the exposure period, measurements of growth, bioenergetics, and behavior were made; thyroid function and accumulation were quantified postexposure. Whole-body concentrations of both congeners were lower in red-eared sliders compared with snapping turtles after 6 mo of exposure. Snapping turtles receiving BDE-47 had significantly elevated standard metabolic rates after 3 mo and 4 mo of exposure (p = 0.014 and p = 0.019, respectively). When exposed to BDE-99, red-eared sliders were slower to right themselves after having been inverted (p < 0.0001). Total glandular thyroxine concentrations were significantly reduced in red-eared sliders exposed to BDE-47 (mean control, 8080 ng/g; mean BDE-47, 5126 ng/g; p = 0.034). These results demonstrate that dietary exposure to BDE-47 and BDE-99 can elicit a suite of responses in 2 species of turtles, but that the red-eared slider appears to be a more sensitive species to the measured end points.
authors.affiliation: Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Center for Environmental Science, University of Maryland, Solomons, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Eisenreich
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Rowe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000378:metabolism; D014426:Turtles / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C477694:2,2',4,4',5-brominated diphenyl ether; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; C511295:2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether; D013974:Thyroxine
keywords: Behavior; Metabolic rate; Polybrominated diphenyl ether; Reptile; Thyroid; Thyroxine