title: A rapid identification of four medicinal chrysanthemum varieties with near infrared spectroscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For genuine medicinal material in Chinese herbs; the efficient, rapid, and precise identification is the focus and difficulty in the filed studying Chinese herbal medicines. Chrysanthemum morifolium as herbs has a long planting history in China, culturing high quality ones and different varieties. Different chrysanthemum varieties differ in quality, chemical composition, functions, and application. Therefore, chrysanthemum varieties in the market demands precise identification to provide reference for reasonable and correct application as genuine medicinal material.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 244 batches of chrysanthemum samples were randomly divided into calibration set (160 batches) and prediction set (84 batches). The near infrared diffuses reflectance spectra of chrysanthemum varieties were preprocessed by first order derivative (D1) and autoscaling and was built model with partial least squares (PLS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study of four chrysanthemum varieties identification, the accuracy rates in calibration sets of Boju, Chuju, Hangju, and Gongju are respectively 100, 100, 98.65, and 96.67%; while the accuracy rates in prediction sets are 100% except for 99.1% of Hangju.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The research results demonstrate that the qualitative analysis can be conducted by machine learning combined with near infrared spectroscopy (NIR), which provides a new method for rapid and noninvasive identification of chrysanthemum varieties.
authors.affiliation: College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Anhui Province, Lu'an, People's Republic of China ; Engineering Technology Research Center of Plant Cell Engineering, Anhui Province, Lu'an, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bangxing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Anhui Province, Lu'an, People's Republic of China ; Engineering Technology Research Center of Plant Cell Engineering, Anhui Province, Lu'an, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Cunwu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Anhui Province, Lu'an, People's Republic of China ; Engineering Technology Research Center of Plant Cell Engineering, Anhui Province, Lu'an, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Houjun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Anhui Province, Lu'an, People's Republic of China ; Engineering Technology Research Center of Plant Cell Engineering, Anhui Province, Lu'an, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Anhui Province, Lu'an, People's Republic of China ; Engineering Technology Research Center of Plant Cell Engineering, Anhui Province, Lu'an, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Naifu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chen
keywords: Chrysanthemum morifolium; near infrared spectroscopy; rapid detection