title: Prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica -like cysts compared to E. histolytica antigens detected by ELISA in the stools of 600 patients from three socioeconomic communities in the Metropolitan City of Lahore, Pakistan.
abstract: Amoebiasis, caused by Entamoeba histolytica , has a worldwide distribution and is of public health significance in many developing countries. It has a fecal-oral transmission cycle and is most prevalent in developing countries in regions where substandard sanitary conditions exist due to poverty. Little is known about the epidemiology of E. histolytica infection and its presence in different socioeconomic communities in developing countries. We undertook the present study in the city of Lahore, Pakistan, and our prediction was that the prevalence of E. histolytica -like cysts and E. histolytica stool antigen would be lower in patients from upper socioeconomic levels than in individuals from middle or lower socioeconomic levels. We investigated the prevalence of E. histolytica in humans from 3 socioeconomic communities in territories of Lahore, Pakistan. Six hundred fecal samples were collected and examined using both microscopy (triple fecal test) to detect cysts of E. histolytica -like amoeba and ELISA (stool antigen ELISA) to demonstrate diagnostic stool antigens of E. histolytica . Samples were from individuals living under conditions deemed to be upper socioeconomic class (n = 287), middle socioeconomic class (n = 172), and lower socioeconomic class (n = 141). The total prevalence of positive samples was 22.5% (135/600) by triple test and 16.8% (101/600) by stool antigen ELISA in the 600 fecal samples. Statistically, significant (P < 0.05) differences in prevalence were seen between the 3 socioeconomic class groups. Forty-four (15.3%) and 32 (11.1%) of 287 in the fecal samples from the upper socioeconomic class were positive by triple test and by antigen ELISA, respectively. Thirty-nine (22.6%) and 29 (16.8%) of 172 in the fecal samples from the middle socioeconomic class were positive by the triple test and by antigen ELISA, respectively. Fifty-two (36.8%) and 40 (28.3%) of 141 in the fecal samples from the lower socioeconomic class were positive by the triple test and by antigen ELISA, respectively. We accept our hypothesis based on these findings. We also demonstrated that fecal samples collected from the youngest age group (1 mo-5 yr) were more likely to be positive for E. histolytica antigens than were samples from the other 3 age groups, and that prevalence was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the summer than in the other 3 seasons. These results highlight the importance of surveillance of this relatively ignored pathogen in this developing metropolitan city in Pakistan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan;
authors.forename: Muhammad Azhar
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.forename: Azhar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maqbool
authors.forename: Muhammad Mudasser
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Nazir
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lateef
authors.forename: Muhammad Sarwar
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Atif Nisar
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ziaullah
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lindsay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000032:analysis*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000469:parasitology; D004748:Entamoeba histolytica / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004749:Entamoebiasis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012621:Seasons; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000953:Antigens, Protozoan