title: Carbohydrate-related enzymes of important Phytophthora plant pathogens.
abstract: Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (CAZymes) form particularly interesting targets to study in plant pathogens. Despite the fact that many CAZymes are pathogenicity factors, oomycete CAZymes have received significantly less attention than effectors in the literature. Here we present an analysis of the CAZymes present in the Phytophthora infestans, Ph. ramorum, Ph. sojae and Pythium ultimum genomes compared to growth of these species on a range of different carbon sources. Growth on these carbon sources indicates that the size of enzyme families involved in degradation of cell-wall related substrates like cellulose, xylan and pectin is not always a good predictor of growth on these substrates. While a capacity to degrade xylan and cellulose exists the products are not fully saccharified and used as a carbon source. The Phytophthora genomes encode larger CAZyme sets when compared to Py. ultimum, and encode putative cutinases, GH12 xyloglucanases and GH10 xylanases that are missing in the Py. ultimum genome. Phytophthora spp. also encode a larger number of enzyme families and genes involved in pectin degradation. No loss or gain of complete enzyme families was found between the Phytophthora genomes, but there are some marked differences in the size of some enzyme families.
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW, Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Henk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brouwer
authors.affiliation: Architecture et Fonction des Macromolecules Biologiques, UMR7257, CNRS, Univ. Aix-Marseille I & II, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Pedro M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Coutinho
authors.affiliation: Architecture et Fonction des Macromolecules Biologiques, UMR7257, CNRS, Univ. Aix-Marseille I & II, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Henrissat
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW, Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands; Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: r.devries@cbs.knaw.nl.
authors.forename: Ronald P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: de Vries
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D019295:Computational Biology; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010838:Phytophthora / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D011775:Pythium / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D002244:Carbon; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases
keywords: Carbohydrate-related-enzymes; Carbon source utilization; Growth profiling; Phytophthora; Pythium