title: Detecting gunshots using wearable accelerometers.
abstract: Gun violence continues to be a staggering and seemingly intractable issue in many communities. The prevalence of gun violence among the sub-population of individuals under court-ordered community supervision provides an opportunity for intervention using remote monitoring technology. Existing monitoring systems rely heavily on location-based monitoring methods, which have incomplete geographic coverage and do not provide information on illegal firearm use. This paper presents the first results demonstrating the feasibility of using wearable inertial sensors to recognize wrist movements and other signals corresponding to firearm usage. Data were collected from accelerometers worn on the wrists of subjects shooting a number of different firearms, conducting routine daily activities, and participating in activities and tasks that could be potentially confused with firearm discharges. A training sample was used to construct a combined detector and classifier for individual gunshots, which achieved a classification accuracy of 99.4 percent when tested against a hold-out sample of observations. These results suggest the feasibility of using inexpensive wearable sensors to detect firearm discharges.
authors.affiliation: Department of Criminology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Loeffler
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry; D000328:Adult; D005389:Firearms / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014754:Violence