title: Current status of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus infection in Japan.
abstract: There are currently very few English reports about Japanese pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In this study, we introduce our experience with pediatric HIV in a single hospital, and review the present status of HIV infections in children in Japan. In Japan, the main infection routes of HIV include sexual activity, mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), blood or blood product transfusion, and drug use. Most pediatric HIV patients have been infected by MTCT in recent years. One survey showed that in Japan, 52 babies were infected by MTCT between 1984 and 2011. Only 2 cases of pediatric HIV infection have been reported since 2010. The MTCT rate has decreased to 0.5% owing to several preventive interventions. In addition, the HIV antibody test is now performed in more than 98.3% of pregnant women in Japan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sunohara
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishimata
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Chiako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuyo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kashiwagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan. Electronic address: hisashi@tokyo-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawashima
mesh_terms: D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications; D065227:Transfusion Reaction
chemical_list: D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
keywords: AIDS; Co-infection; Mother-to-child transmission; Pediatric HIV