title: [Efficiency and outcome of Boari bladder flap plasty surgery for the treatment of middle and lower ureteral carcinoma].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect and outcome of Boari bladder flap plasty surgery for the treatment of kidney-sparing strategy for patients with middle and lower ureteral carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Database at the department of urology in the Second Xiangya Hospital from 2002-2007 was screened and all cases of primary solitary lower ureteral carcinoma treated with Boari bladder flap plasty surgery or radical nephroureterectomy were collected. We performed a retrospective review of the clinical data including sex, age, smoking history, tumor site, size, stage, grade, bladder recurrence, renal function et al and evaluated survival rate. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was build to analyze the correlation between each variable and survival time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty nine patients in total were enrolled, including 16 cases underwent Boari bladder flap plasty surgery and 23 cases underwent radical nephroureterectomy. The median follow-up time was 53 months (range 10-84 months). During the follow-up time, 18 patients died, including 6 patients treated with Boari bladder flap plasty surgery and 12 patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy. The estimated bladder recurrence-free survival rate and cancer-specific survival rate at 5 years were 63% vs 59% and 73.8% vs 73.5%, respectively (P>0.05). The survival rate at 5 years and the overall survival rate were 61% vs 57 % and 64.8% vs 58.1% respectively in the 2 groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in renal function before surgery between the two groups [creatinine clearance 57 (32-104 ) mL/ min vs 55 (30-102) mL/ min, P>0.05]. Patients underwent Boari bladder flap plasty showed better renal function than patients underwent radical nephroureterectomy [creatinine clearance 55 (35-102) mL/ min vs 43 (30-89) mL/min, P<0.05]. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, the tumor size, pT stage, tumor cell grade and the estimated glomerular filtration rate level were independent factors that affected the overall survival rate of the patients (P<0.05). The tumor size, pT stage and tumor cell grade were positively correlated to the survival time, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate was negatively correlated to the survival time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Boari bladder flap plasty surgery could be used to treat lower ureteral carcinoma. Compared with radical nephroureterectomy, Boari bladder flap plasty surgery has equal survival rate and shows superior postoperative renal function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Hongyi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Xiaokun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Zhaohui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Hongqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D002277:Carcinoma / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009392:Nephrectomy; D011184:Postoperative Period; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D015996:Survival Rate; D014513:Ureter / Q000473:pathology; D014516:Ureteral Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*