title: Test meals rich in marine long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids increase postprandial chylomicron response.
abstract: Postprandial lipid abnormalities are considered an independent cardiovascular risk factor. Hence, it is important to find nutritional strategies that are able to positively influence these abnormalities. Since the effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and polyphenols on postprandial lipids in humans is still under debate, we evaluated the acute response of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins to test meals that are naturally rich in polyphenols and/or marine long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFAs. We hypothesized that LC n-3 PUFA would have a different effect on chylomicron and very low density lipoproteins when compared with polyphenols or their combination. We randomly assigned 78 individuals who were at high cardiometabolic risk to 4 isoenergetic diets. These diets only differed in amount of LC n-3 PUFA and/or polyphenols. Prior to starting the intervention, each subject underwent a test meal similar to the type of diet assigned: low in LC n-3 PUFA and polyphenols (control), rich in LC n-3 PUFA and low in polyphenols, rich in polyphenols and low in LC n-3 PUFA, or rich in both. Blood samples were taken before and up to 6 hours after the test meal in order to evaluate cholesterol and triglycerides (plasma and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein), apolipoprotein B-48 (large very low density lipoprotein), glucagon-like peptide-1, and free fatty acid plasma levels. The levels of chylomicron cholesterol and triglyceride in response to the test meal rich in LC n-3 PUFA were significantly higher than after the control meal (P = .037 and P = .018); there was no difference in the other variables. In conclusion, this study indicates that acute administration of marine LC n-3 PUFA increases postprandial chylomicron response in contrast with their lowering chronic effects. These differences underline the importance of understanding the acute and chronic effects of nutritional, as well as of other types of, interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Griffo
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Di Marino
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Patti
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bozzetto
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Annuzzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cipriano
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mangione
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Della Pepa
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cocozza
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Riccardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy. Electronic address: rivelles@unina.it.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Rivellese
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D053283:Apolipoprotein B-48 / Q000097:blood; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D002914:Chylomicrons / Q000097:blood*; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals; D008875:Middle Aged; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019518:Postprandial Period; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D053283:Apolipoprotein B-48; D002914:Chylomicrons; D004041:Dietary Fats; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D059808:Polyphenols; D014280:Triglycerides; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: GLP-1; High-risk subjects; Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; Polyphenols; Postprandial lipid response