title: Quality of life benefit after endoscopic frontal sinus surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a lack of reports on the quality of life (QOL) assessment after frontal sinus surgery. This study aimed to assess the QOL of patients after one of three frontal sinus procedures, using the Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI) and the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22).
  
  
  METHODS
  We designed an observational study with two arms. The first arm was a cross-sectional retrospective study recruiting all patients (with rhinosinusitis or mucocele) who had balloon sinuplasty, frontal recess clearance, or endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure in our tertiary referral unit at Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, between April 2010 and April 2012. The second arm was a prospective cohort study recruiting all patients having frontal sinus procedures between April 2012 and September 2012. The QOL was measured primarily by the GBI and SNOT-22 questionnaires. A total of 45 patients were recruited. Retrospectively, we identified 27 patients, of whom 19 (70%) returned the questionnaires. Eighteen patients were recruited in the prospective cohort and 14 (77.7%) of them completed the questionnaires 3 months postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total benefit of frontal sinus surgery was found to be +31 for the retrospective group and +25.59 for the prospective arm. The three domains of GBI showed a positive impact after surgery. The general domain scored +37.5 in the retrospective study and +29.76 for the prospective one. The social domain scored +18.81 retrospectively and +21.42 prospectively. The physical domain scores were +17.71 retrospectively and +13 prospectively. The SNOT-22 preoperative score was +59.8 and this significantly improved to +35.2 (p = 0.017).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study is the first report of QOL benefit after all three frontal sinus procedures using the validated GBI, showing benefit in all aspects of health domains. The physical symptoms and QOL assessed by SNOT-22 significantly improved after all three procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Freeman Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: Mohamed R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: ElBadawey
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alwaa
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: ElTaher
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carrie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005626:Frontal Sinus / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012189:Retrospective Studies