title: Repeated febrile convulsions impair hippocampal neurons and cause synaptic damage in immature rats: neuroprotective effect of fructose-1,6-diphosphate.
abstract: Fructose-1,6-diphosphate is a metabolic intermediate that promotes cell metabolism. We hypothesize that fructose-1,6-diphosphate can protect against neuronal damage induced by febrile convulsions. Hot-water bathing was used to establish a repetitive febrile convulsion model in rats aged 21 days, equivalent to 3-5 years in humans. Ninety minutes before each seizure induction, rats received an intraperitoneal injection of low- or high-dose fructose-1,6-diphosphate (500 or 1,000 mg/kg, respectively). Low- and high-dose fructose-1,6-diphosphate prolonged the latency and shortened the duration of seizures. Furthermore, high-dose fructose-1,6-diphosphate effectively reduced seizure severity. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that 24 hours after the last seizure, high-dose fructose-1,6-diphosphate reduced mitochondrial swelling, rough endoplasmic reticulum degranulation, Golgi dilation and synaptic cleft size, and increased synaptic active zone length, postsynaptic density thickness, and synaptic interface curvature in the hippocampal CA1 area. The present findings suggest that fructose-1,6-diphosphate is a neuroprotectant against hippocampal neuron and synapse damage induced by repeated febrile convulsion in immature rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Yanan University Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Child Health Care, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Yufeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Rongguo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fu
keywords: Golgi complex; NSFC grant; animal model; brain injury; electron microscope; febrile convulsions; fructose-1,6-diphosphate; hippocampus; mitochondria; nerve regeneration; neural regeneration; rough endoplasmic reticulum; seizures