title: Increased numbers of CD5+CD19+CD1dhighIL-10+ Bregs, CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs, CD4+CXCR5+Foxp3+ follicular regulatory T (TFR) cells in CHB or CHC patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  IL-10+ regulatory B (Bregs), CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Tregs), and CD4+CXCR5+Foxp3+ follicular regulatory T (TFR) cells regulate the progression of infection disease. This study aimed at examining how those cells associated with the development of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in a Chinese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The numbers of circulating IL-10+ Bregs, Tregs and TFR cells in 31 CHC, 58 CHB patients and 22 healthy controls (HC) were examined by flow cytometry. The potential association of those cells with clinical measures was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The numbers of CD5+CD19+CD1dhighIL-10+ Bregs, Tregs and TFR cells and the levels of serum IL-10, IFN-γ and IL-2 in the CHB, and IL-10 and IFN-γ in the CHC patients were significantly higher than that in the HC (p<0.05). Furthermore, the numbers of circulating IL-10+ Bregs and the levels of serum IL-10, but not other cytokines tested were positively correlated with the levels of serum HBV DNA and ALT in the HBeAg- CHB patients as well as HCV RNA and ALT in CHC patients. Additionally, the numbers of circulating TFR cells were positively correlated with the levels of serum HBV DNA and ALT in the CHB patients as well as HCV RNA and ALT in the CHC patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased numbers of circulating IL-10+ Bregs and TFR cells are associated with poor virus eradication and liver injury in CHB and CHC patients. Furthermore, the levels of serum IL-10 is associated with the hepatic flares.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jinpeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China. zhaopingwei@sohu.com.
authors.forename: Pingwei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yanfang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD; D060151:B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D004279:DNA, Viral; C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens; D016753:Interleukin-10