title: Antibacterial effect of Kenger gum on mutans streptococci and its cytotoxic effect on the 3T3 fibroblast cell line.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the antibacterial effect of Kenger gum on mutans streptococci (in vivo) and Streptococcus mutans (in vitro) and its cytotoxic effect on the 3T3 fibroblast cell line.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro antibacterial activity of Kenger gum extracts against S.mutans was determined by the disk-diffusion method. The broth dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The cytotoxic effect on 3T3 fibroblast cells at different time intervals was determined using cell culture and viability assays. Clinical studies were then performed on 20 healthy adult subjects, where a sugar-free chewing gum was used as a control. To determine the MS counts, oral rinse samples were taken before chewing as well as 30 and 60 min after 15 min of chewing. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare the bacteria level in the oral rinse samples between the two chewing gums. The Least Significant Difference test was used for adjustment for multiple comparisons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MIC of the acetone extract of Kenger gum was 30 μg/ml. The acetone extract of Kenger gum possessed moderate antiproliferative properties against the non-tumorigenic cell line 3T3. A statistically significant decrease was observed for both chewing gums at 30 and 60 min. The decrease continued at 60 min after chewing Kenger gum, while the values for control gum tended to approach the baseline after 60 min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary study showed that Kenger gum had particular and prolonged antibacterial activity against S. mutans and salivary mutans streptococci.
authors.forename: Nursen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Topcuoglu
authors.forename: Cagdas Caglar
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lacin
authors.forename: Mine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erguven
authors.forename: Ayhan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bilir
authors.forename: Nurhayat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sutlupinar
authors.forename: Guven
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kulekci
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019659:Asteraceae; D058491:Bacterial Load / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002638:Chewing Gum / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002638:Chewing Gum; D010936:Plant Extracts