title: Phosphoproteome and proteome analyses reveal low-phosphate mediated plasticity of root developmental and metabolic regulation in maize (Zea mays L.).
abstract: Phosphate (Pi) deficiency has become a significant challenge to worldwide agriculture due to the depletion of accessible rock phosphate that is the major source of cheap Pi fertilizers. Previous research has identified a number of diverse adaptive responses to Pi starvation in the roots of higher plants. In this study, we found that accelerated axile root elongation of Pi-deprived maize plants resulted from enhanced cell proliferation. Comparative phosphoproteome and proteome profiles of maize axile roots were conducted in four stages in response to Pi deficiency by multiplex staining of high-resolution two dimensional gel separated proteins. Pro-Q DPS stained gels revealed that 6% of phosphoprotein spots displayed changes in phosphorylation state following low-Pi treatment. These proteins were involved in a large number of metabolic and cellular pathways including carbon metabolism and signal transduction. Changes in protein abundance of a number of enzymes indicated that low-Pi induced a number of carbon flux modifications in metabolic processes including sucrose breakdown and other downstream sugar metabolic pathways. A few key metabolic enzymes, including sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13) and malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37), and several signaling components involved in protein kinase or phosphatase cascades, auxin signaling and 14-3-3 proteins displayed low-Pi responsive changes in phosphorylation state or protein abundance. A variety of key enzymes and signaling components identified as potential targets for phosphorylation provide novel clues for comprehensive understanding of Pi regulation in plants. Protein phosphorylation, coordinating with changes in protein abundance, is required for maize root metabolic regulation and developmental acclimation to Pi starvation.
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Shanda South Road 27, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China. Electronic address: likp@sdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Kunpeng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: RCBB, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 2, Beibei Dist., 400716 Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Changzheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Shanda South Road 27, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
authors.forename: Wenming
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Shanda South Road 27, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
authors.forename: Hongli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Shanda South Road 27, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
authors.forename: Jiajia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Shanda South Road 27, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
authors.forename: Aifang
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Shanda South Road 27, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
authors.forename: Kewei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism*; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D020543:Proteome
keywords: Phosphate deficiency; Phosphoproteome; Proteome; Roots; Zea mays L.