title: Role of the urethral plate characters in the success of tubularized incised plate urethroplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Today, tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty is the most commonly performed operation for distal and mid-penile hypospadias. Reports from different centers worldwide confirm its nearly universal applicability and low complications rate.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of the urethral plate characters and its effect on the outcome of TIP urethroplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2010 and 2013, 100 children with primary distal penile hypospadias underwent TIP urethroplasty. Urethral plates were categorized as flat, cleft, and deeply grooved. Postoperatively, patients were followed-up for evaluation of meatal stenosis, fistula formation, and glandular dehiscence at 1(st), 3(rd) and 6(th) months. Patients were followed-up for urethral calibration by urethral sound 8 Fr at 3(rd) and 6 months follow-up. Data were statistically analysed using Epi info program to correlate between the width, plate shape, and complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age at surgery was 4.3 years. Patients were followed-up for an average period of 6.4 months. Pre-operative location of the meatus was reported as coronal in 46, subcoronal in 50 and anterior penile in 4 cases. Urethral plate characters were flat in 26 cases, cleft in 52, and deeply grooved in 22. Urethral plate width was >8 mm in 74 cases and <8 mm in 26. Patients with urethral plate <8 mm had a statistically significant higher fistula rate (P = 0.004) and failed 8 Fr calibrations in 26.9% (P = 0.01) compared with the patients with urethral plate >8 mm. In addition, we also founds higher fistula rate and failed 8 Fr calibrations in flat urethral plate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An adequate urethral plate width (>8 mm) is essential for successful TIP repair. Lower success rates with flat plates may need buccal mucosal augmentation to improve the results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Minoufiya University Hospitals, Egypt ; Department of Urology, Mayo Hospital, Hodiedah, Yemen.
authors.forename: Hamdy
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aboutaleb
keywords: Hypospadias; tubularized incised plate; urethra