title: The role of glass ionomer cement on the remineralization of infected dentin: an in vivo study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study's purpose was to investigate the effect of a glass ionomer cement as a liner over infected unexcavated dentin after 60 days and at 10 to 15 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five permanent molars with deep carious lesions were selected. Fragments of carious dentin were removed prior to lining the cavity (baseline sample) with glass ionomer cement (G1) or an inert wax material (G2). Cavities were restored with composite resin and reopened 60 days later, when other fragments were removed (60-day sample). The dentin morphology (scanning electron microscopy) and mineral content of calcium, phosphorus, and fluorine were assessed. During the follow-up periods (60 days and 10 to 15 months), restorations were evaluated and standardized radiographs were taken. A postprocessing routine was used to identify changes in the radiographic density between periods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 60 days, the dentin exhibited a better organization, fewer bacteria, and signs of remineralization. The weight percents of calcium and phosphorus were higher 60 days after the cavity sealing, regardless of the group. Higher gray levels of carious and sound dentin were seen on the 10- to 15-month radiographs, irrespective of the group. The success rates of G1 and G2 were 89 percent and 88 percent, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lining material isn't fundamental for caries arrestment. Early (60-day) and late (10 to 15 months) dentin changes occurred, indicating the remineralization of dentin carious tissue.
authors.affiliation: Public Health Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil. nice.kuhn@ig.com.br.
authors.forename: Eunice
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Claudia Rodrigues
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Chibinski
authors.affiliation: Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Denise Stadler
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Wambier
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003736:Dental Cavity Lining; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods; D003804:Dentin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D005461:Fluorine / Q000032:analysis; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D016300:Radiography, Bitewing / Q000379:methods; D013382:Subtraction Technique; D013997:Time Factors; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014885:Waxes
chemical_list: C554641:Adper single bond 2; D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; D003764:Dental Materials; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D014885:Waxes; D010758:Phosphorus; D005461:Fluorine; D002118:Calcium