title: Social anxiety and drinking refusal self-efficacy moderate the relationship between drinking game participation and alcohol-related consequences.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Participation in drinking games is associated with excessive drinking and alcohol risks. Despite the growing literature documenting the ubiquity and consequences of drinking games, limited research has examined the influence of psychosocial factors on the experience of negative consequences as the result of drinking game participation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The current event-level study examined the relationships among drinking game participation, social anxiety, drinking refusal self-efficacy (DRSE) and alcohol-related consequences in a sample of college students.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (n = 976) reported on their most recent drinking occasion in the past month in which they did not preparty.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After controlling for sex, age, and typical drinking, higher levels of social anxiety, lower levels of DRSE, and playing drinking games predicted greater alcohol-related consequences. Moreover, two-way interactions (Social Anxiety × Drinking Games, DRSE × Drinking Games) demonstrated that social anxiety and DRSE each moderated the relationship between drinking game participation and alcohol-related consequences. Participation in drinking games resulted in more alcohol problems for students with high social anxiety, but not low social anxiety. Students with low DRSE experienced high levels of consequences regardless of whether they participated in drinking games; however, drinking game participation was associated with more consequences for students confident in their ability to resist drinking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings highlight the important role that social anxiety and DRSE play in drinking game-related risk, and hence provide valuable implications for screening at-risk students and designing targeted harm reduction interventions that address social anxiety and drink refusal in the context of drinking games.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University , Los Angeles, CA , USA.
authors.forename: Shannon R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kenney
authors.forename: Lucy E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Napper
authors.forename: Joseph W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: LaBrie
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010988:Play and Playthings / Q000523:psychology*; D012309:Risk-Taking; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012919:Social Behavior; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology; D014495:Universities; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: College alcohol use; drinking games; self-efficacy; social anxiety