title: Comparison of imaging techniques to assess appendage anatomy and measurements for left atrial appendage closure device selection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The adequate device size selection for left atrial appendage closure is crucial to ensuring adequate implantation and for avoiding the need for multiple attempts that increase the risk of complications. Our aim was to evaluate the information obtained using different imaging techniques to select the size of the closure device in a clinical environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven patients who consecutively underwent implantation of Amplatzer cardiac plug (ACP) devices were studied. All patients were examined using computed tomography (CT) prior to intervention. Measurements were compared to those obtained using intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (IOTEE) and angiography. Size was determined by the longest axis of the appendage ostium. The influence of all techniques on the correct selection of final size was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The measurements taken using the three techniques agreed in only 21.6% of the cases, leading to accurate selection of device size. Two techniques coincided as follows: IOTEE-CT in 45.9%, angiography-CT in 35.13%, and angiography-IOTEE in 24.3%. Measurements using CT were definitive for ACP selection in 75.7% of cases, angiography in 48.6%, and echocardiography in 51.4%. Device size was undermeasured with angiography in 35.1% of cases, and with IOTEE in 24.3%; CT overmeasured 21.6% of cases. The combination of angiography-CT was the most accurate for selection of device size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CT most often predicts the appropriate device size. If it fails, it usually overestimates the size. Agreement of measurements with all three techniques is the most accurate situation; when two agree, the most accurate combination is angiography and CT.
authors.affiliation: Infanta Cristina University Hospital, Badajoz, Spain. lopez-minguez@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: José Ramón
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: López-Mínguez
authors.forename: Reyes
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: González-Fernández
authors.forename: Concepción
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernández-Vegas
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Millán-Nuñez
authors.forename: María Eugenia
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Fuentes-Cañamero
authors.forename: Juan Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Nogales-Asensio
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Doncel-Vecino
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yuste Domínguez
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: García Serrano
authors.forename: Damián
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sánchez Quintana
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000792:Angiography; D020517:Atrial Appendage / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D055989:Septal Occluder Device / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed