title: Thrower's fracture of the humerus.
abstract: Thrower's fractures are spiral fractures of the humerus caused by forceful throwing of a ball. Although these fractures have been cited in the literature, little research exists regarding the significance of stress fractures and fatigue injuries that may precede these injuries. This article presents 3 cases of middle-aged recreational baseball pitchers who sustained mid to distal third spiral humerus fractures, reviews the biomechanics of a thrower's fracture, and provides a detailed review of the literature to help better understand this condition and guide treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Suite 801, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. Electronic address: andrewmiller28@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, 925 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Dodson
authors.affiliation: Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, 925 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Asif M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ilyas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001484:Baseball / Q000293:injuries*; D015775:Fractures, Stress / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D006810:Humeral Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography
keywords: Humeral fracture; Humerus fracture; Pitching; Stress fracture; Thrower; Throwing pitcher