title: Visibility and coping with minority stress: a gender-specific analysis among lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals in Flanders.
abstract: The role of visibility management strategies, as an extended measure of outness related to sexual orientation, has been rarely studied with the aim of explaining the experience of external stressors (i.e., experiences of everyday discrimination and perceived sanctioning of cross-gender behavior) and internal stressors (i.e., internalized homonegativity and general mental distress). In this study, we examined gender differences within these relationships. A non-representative sample of 2,378 lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals was recruited. We found that lesbian and bisexual women scored significantly higher on perceived cross-gender sanctioning and general mental distress compared to gay and bisexual men. Multivariate analysis showed that visibility management was significantly related to the experience of internalized homonegativity in both men and women. Visibility management mediated the relationship between experiences of every day discrimination on the one hand and internalized homonegativity and general mental distress on the other. Finally, we found that compared to gay and bisexual men, lesbian and bisexual women who maintained relatively closed visibility management strategies, reported lower scores on internalized homonegativity but higher scores on general mental distress. We found fewer gender differences related to visibility management than expected and those that we did find were relatively small. Flemish lesbian and bisexual women and gay and bisexual men appear to more alike than different.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Gent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium, alexis.dewaele@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dewaele
authors.forename: Mieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Van Houtte
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vincke
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001727:Bisexuality / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D018452:Homosexuality, Female / Q000523:psychology*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D008913:Minority Groups; D012650:Self Disclosure; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological