title: A Case of Ocular Syphilis in a 36-Year-Old HIV-Positive Male.
abstract: The incidence of syphilis in the United States has increased markedly over the last decade, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM). Although uncommon, ocular involvement is a potentially devastating clinical manifestation of syphilis. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection appears to increase the risk of ocular syphilis. Because of the lack of pathognomonic features for ocular syphilis and its ability to occur in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed individuals, prompt diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion. Ocular syphilis should therefore be considered in MSM and HIV-infected patients presenting with unexplained visual complaints. Herein, we present a case of ocular syphilis in a patient with newly diagnosed HIV.
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado School of Medicine, AO1, Room 8505, 12631 East 17th Avenue, Mail Stop B166, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2592-4205
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12631 East 17th Avenue, B177, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
authors.forename: Samuel Clark
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4335-105X
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Berngard
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12631 East 17th Avenue, B177, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
authors.forename: Jay Patrick
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7645-1620
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, Denver Health Medical Center, 660 Bannock Street, Denver, CO 80204, USA ; Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Research Complex 2, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Mail Stop B168, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Jenkins