title: Production of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin a in raw milk at high temperatures.
abstract: Improper processing and storage of raw milk contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus at elevated temperatures can result in the production of staphylococcal enterotoxins, especially type A (SEA), which is most frequently associated with food poisoning outbreaks such as the large one in Osaka, Japan, in 2000. In this study, the characteristics of S. aureus growth and SEA production at various high temperatures in raw milk samples were studied using two raw milk samples naturally containing low and high levels of natural microflora. The optimal temperatures found for SEA production in the two milk types were as high as 40 and 44°C (range, 36 to 48°C), and SEA production was dependent on the initial dose of S. aureus. These high temperatures were close to that of the outbreak in Japan. Thus, it was concluded that temperature was critical for SEA production in raw milk. It was also observed that natural microflora in the milk samples considerably suppressed SEA production but not staphylococcal growth. On the other hand, the amount of toxin in most milk samples decreased after peaking during storage.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Department of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt.
authors.forename: I I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Sabike
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan. fujik@cc.tuat.ac.jp.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujikawa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: M Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Sakha
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Edris
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004768:Enterotoxins