title: Bone substitutes enhance osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in three-dimensional scaffolds.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to find bone substitutes to enhance osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in three-dimensional scaffolds in the absence of dexamethasone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven commercial bone substitutes were added to a three-dimensional fibrin-matrix containing rat mesenchymal stem cells in a biocompatible poly-L-lactic-acid mesh. Cell viability, cytotoxicity and alkaline phosphatase activity were followed for three weeks. Expression of bone markers was examined by qualitative evaluation of corresponding transcripts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six out of the seven bone derivatives exhibited an osteogenic-enhancing effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The osteogenic-enhancing effect of the evaluated bone substitutes suggests their potential clinical application for preparation of autologous bone replacement material in three-dimensional carriers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany h.hanken@uke.de.
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hanken
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Janna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alpers
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research 'BIOMAT', Rhine-Westphalian Technical University Aachen, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Böbel
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research 'BIOMAT', Rhine-Westphalian Technical University Aachen, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wöltje
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hartjen
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Reinhard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rendenbach
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gröbe
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heiland
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Dam
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Eichhorn
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smeets
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis; D051381:Rats; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: MSC; bone substitutes; cell culture; differentiation; tissue engineering