title: Homeostatic inflammation in innate immunity.
abstract: Innate immune sensors respond not only to microbial products but also to endogenous metabolites such as nucleic acids (NAs) and lipids. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) deliver a signal from the plasma membrane and also from endolysosomes, where NAs and lipids are catabolized. Interaction of TLRs with metabolites in endolysosomes leads to homeostatic TLR activation. Dendritic cells expressing NA-sensing TLRs are steadily activated by metabolites derived from the host or commensals and produce type I IFNs, thereby provoking various types of inflammatory conditions. Here, we discuss how homeostatic inflammation is induced by innate immune sensors and is involved in maintaining immune homeostasis and causing non-infectious inflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan. Electronic address: kmiyake@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Inflammatory Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Laboratory for Immune Regulation, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan. Electronic address: tkaisho@ifrec.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tsuneyasu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaisho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000276:immunology