title: Vitamin D status following bariatric surgery: implications and recommendations.
abstract: Individuals with extreme obesity who qualify for bariatric surgery are frequently vitamin D deficient before and after surgery. The anatomical changes that occur during some bariatric procedures may lead to decreased absorption of vitamin D, although vitamin D absorption and metabolism has not been quantified or compared across surgeries, and multiple other factors could influence vitamin D status in these individuals. Vitamin D treatment and dosing studies show that there is variability in how individuals respond to supplementation regimens regardless of the bariatric procedure. It is unknown if improving vitamin D status before and/or after bariatric surgery can affect health-related outcomes in this population beyond the traditional roles of vitamin D. Vitamin D has been purported to positively influence a variety of obesity-related comorbidities. Furthermore, in light of the potential role of vitamin D in immunity and inflammation, it seems important to consider the ramifications of vitamin D deficiency in the postbariatric individual in the critical care setting and particularly in the context of aging. Additional research is needed to develop evidence-based guidelines for optimal treatment of vitamin D deficiency in individuals before and after bariatric surgery and to determine the impact of vitamin D repletion on non-bone health-related outcomes in these individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Abigail J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.affiliation: Swedish Medical Center, Englewood, Colorado.
authors.forename: Lauren M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Beckman
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota cearthma@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Carrie P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Earthman
mesh_terms: D050110:Bariatric Surgery / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008286:Malabsorption Syndromes / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D015995:Prevalence; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: bariatric surgery; biliopancreatic diversion; duodenal switch; gastric band; gastric bypass; malabsorption; obesity; sleeve gastrectomy; vitamin D; vitamin D deficiency