title: Age-specific differences between conventional and ambulatory daytime blood pressure values.
abstract: Mean daytime ambulatory blood pressure (BP) values are considered to be lower than conventional BP values, but data on this relation among younger individuals <50 years are scarce. Conventional and 24-hour ambulatory BP were measured in 9550 individuals not taking antihypertensive treatment from 13 population-based cohorts. We compared individual differences between daytime ambulatory and conventional BP according to 10-year age categories. Age-specific prevalences of white coat and masked hypertension were calculated. Among individuals aged 18 to 30, 30 to 40, and 40 to 50 years, mean daytime BP was significantly higher than the corresponding conventional BP (6.0, 5.2, and 4.7 mm Hg for systolic; 2.5, 2.7, and 1.7 mm Hg for diastolic BP; all P<0.0001). In individuals aged 60 to 70 and ≥70 years, conventional BP was significantly higher than daytime ambulatory BP (5.0 and 13.0 mm Hg for systolic; 2.0 and 4.2 mm Hg for diastolic BP; all P<0.0001).The prevalence of white coat hypertension exponentially increased from 2.2% to 19.5% from those aged 18 to 30 years to those aged ≥70 years, with little variation between men and women (8.0% versus 6.1%; P=0.0003). Masked hypertension was more prevalent among men (21.1% versus 11.4%; P<0.0001). The age-specific prevalences of masked hypertension were 18.2%, 27.3%, 27.8%, 20.1%, 13.6%, and 10.2% among men and 9.0%, 9.9%, 12.2%, 11.9%, 14.7%, and 12.1% among women. In conclusion, this large collaborative analysis showed that the relation between daytime ambulatory and conventional BP strongly varies by age. These findings may have implications for diagnosing hypertension and its subtypes in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Institut Basel and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (D.C., S.A., T.S.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., Y.-M.G., T.K., J.A.S.); Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.-G.W.); Centro de Nefrologìa and Departamento de Fisiopatologìa, Hospital de Clìnicas, Universidad de la Repûblica, Montevideo, Uruguay (J.B.); Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte and Research Center for Prevention and Health, Gentofte, Denmark (T.W.H.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A., M.K., T.O., Y.I.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (K.B.-B.); Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.A., T.O.); Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.J.); Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.D.); First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakòw, Poland (K.S.-S., K.K.-J.); Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (V.T., E.C.); Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation (S.M., Y.N.); Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (L.L.); Asoci
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Conen
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Institut Basel and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (D.C., S.A., T.S.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., Y.-M.G., T.K., J.A.S.); Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.-G.W.); Centro de Nefrologìa and Departamento de Fisiopatologìa, Hospital de Clìnicas, Universidad de la Repûblica, Montevideo, Uruguay (J.B.); Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte and Research Center for Prevention and Health, Gentofte, Denmark (T.W.H.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A., M.K., T.O., Y.I.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (K.B.-B.); Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.A., T.O.); Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.J.); Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.D.); First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakòw, Poland (K.S.-S., K.K.-J.); Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (V.T., E.C.); Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation (S.M., Y.N.); Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (L.L.); Asoci
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aeschbacher
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Institut Basel and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (D.C., S.A., T.S.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., Y.-M.G., T.K., J.A.S.); Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.-G.W.); Centro de Nefrologìa and Departamento de Fisiopatologìa, Hospital de Clìnicas, Universidad de la Repûblica, Montevideo, Uruguay (J.B.); Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte and Research Center for Prevention and Health, Gentofte, Denmark (T.W.H.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A., M.K., T.O., Y.I.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (K.B.-B.); Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.A., T.O.); Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.J.); Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.D.); First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakòw, Poland (K.S.-S., K.K.-J.); Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (V.T., E.C.); Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation (S.M., Y.N.); Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (L.L.); Asoci
authors.forename: Lutgarde
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thijs
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Institut Basel and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (D.C., S.A., T.S.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., Y.-M.G., T.K., J.A.S.); Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.-G.W.); Centro de Nefrologìa and Departamento de Fisiopatologìa, Hospital de Clìnicas, Universidad de la Repûblica, Montevideo, Uruguay (J.B.); Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte and Research Center for Prevention and Health, Gentofte, Denmark (T.W.H.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A., M.K., T.O., Y.I.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (K.B.-B.); Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.A., T.O.); Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.J.); Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.D.); First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakòw, Poland (K.S.-S., K.K.-J.); Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (V.T., E.C.); Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation (S.M., Y.N.); Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (L.L.); Asoci
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Institut Basel and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (D.C., S.A., T.S.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., Y.-M.G., T.K., J.A.S.); Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.-G.W.); Centro de Nefrologìa and Departamento de Fisiopatologìa, Hospital de Clìnicas, Universidad de la Repûblica, Montevideo, Uruguay (J.B.); Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte and Research Center for Prevention and Health, Gentofte, Denmark (T.W.H.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A., M.K., T.O., Y.I.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (K.B.-B.); Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.A., T.O.); Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.J.); Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.D.); First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakòw, Poland (K.S.-S., K.K.-J.); Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (V.T., E.C.); Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation (S.M., Y.N.); Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (L.L.); Asoci
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boggia
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Institut Basel and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (D.C., S.A., T.S.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., Y.-M.G., T.K., J.A.S.); Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.-G.W.); Centro de Nefrologìa and Departamento de Fisiopatologìa, Hospital de Clìnicas, Universidad de la Repûblica, Montevideo, Uruguay (J.B.); Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte and Research Center for Prevention and Health, Gentofte, Denmark (T.W.H.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A., M.K., T.O., Y.I.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (K.B.-B.); Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.A., T.O.); Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.J.); Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.D.); First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakòw, Poland (K.S.-S., K.K.-J.); Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (V.T., E.C.); Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation (S.M., Y.N.); Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (L.L.); Asoci
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asayama
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Institut Basel and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (D.C., S.A., T.S.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., Y.-M.G., T.K., J.A.S.); Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.-G.W.); Centro de Nefrologìa and Departamento de Fisiopatologìa, Hospital de Clìnicas, Universidad de la Repûblica, Montevideo, Uruguay (J.B.); Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte and Research Center for Prevention and Health, Gentofte, Denmark (T.W.H.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A., M.K., T.O., Y.I.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (K.B.-B.); Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.A., T.O.); Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.J.); Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.D.); First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakòw, Poland (K.S.-S., K.K.-J.); Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (V.T., E.C.); Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation (S.M., Y.N.); Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (L.L.); Asoci
authors.forename: Tine W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Institut Basel and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (D.C., S.A., T.S.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., Y.-M.G., T.K., J.A.S.); Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.-G.W.); Centro de Nefrologìa and Departamento de Fisiopatologìa, Hospital de Clìnicas, Universidad de la Repûblica, Montevideo, Uruguay (J.B.); Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte and Research Center for Prevention and Health, Gentofte, Denmark (T.W.H.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A., M.K., T.O., Y.I.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (K.B.-B.); Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.A., T.O.); Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.J.); Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.D.); First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakòw, Poland (K.S.-S., K.K.-J.); Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (V.T., E.C.); Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation (S.M., Y.N.); Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (L.L.); Asoci
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kikuya
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Institut Basel and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (D.C., S.A., T.S.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., Y.-M.G., T.K., J.A.S.); Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.-G.W.); Centro de Nefrologìa and Departamento de Fisiopatologìa, Hospital de Clìnicas, Universidad de la Repûblica, Montevideo, Uruguay (J.B.); Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte and Research Center for Prevention and Health, Gentofte, Denmark (T.W.H.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A., M.K., T.O., Y.I.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (K.B.-B.); Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.A., T.O.); Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.J.); Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.D.); First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakòw, Poland (K.S.-S., K.K.-J.); Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (V.T., E.C.); Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation (S.M., Y.N.); Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (L.L.); Asoci
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Björklund-Bodegård
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Institut Basel and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (D.C., S.A., T.S.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., Y.-M.G., T.K., J.A.S.); Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.-G.W.); Centro de Nefrologìa and Departamento de Fisiopatologìa, Hospital de Clìnicas, Universidad de la Repûblica, Montevideo, Uruguay (J.B.); Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte and Research Center for Prevention and Health, Gentofte, Denmark (T.W.H.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A., M.K., T.O., Y.I.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (K.B.-B.); Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.A., T.O.); Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.J.); Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.D.); First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakòw, Poland (K.S.-S., K.K.-J.); Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (V.T., E.C.); Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation (S.M., Y.N.); Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (L.L.); Asoci
authors.forename: Takayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohkubo
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Institut Basel and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (D.C., S.A., T.S.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., Y.-M.G., T.K., J.A.S.); Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.-G.W.); Centro de Nefrologìa and Departamento de Fisiopatologìa, Hospital de Clìnicas, Universidad de la Repûblica, Montevideo, Uruguay (J.B.); Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte and Research Center for Prevention and Health, Gentofte, Denmark (T.W.H.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A., M.K., T.O., Y.I.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (K.B.-B.); Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.A., T.O.); Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.J.); Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.D.); First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakòw, Poland (K.S.-S., K.K.-J.); Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (V.T., E.C.); Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation (S.M., Y.N.); Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (L.L.); Asoci
authors.forename: Jørgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jeppesen
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Institut Basel and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (D.C., S.A., T.S.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., Y.-M.G., T.K., J.A.S.); Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.-G.W.); Centro de Nefrologìa and Departamento de Fisiopatologìa, Hospital de Clìnicas, Universidad de la Repûblica, Montevideo, Uruguay (J.B.); Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte and Research Center for Prevention and Health, Gentofte, Denmark (T.W.H.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A., M.K., T.O., Y.I.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (K.B.-B.); Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.A., T.O.); Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.J.); Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.D.); First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakòw, Poland (K.S.-S., K.K.-J.); Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (V.T., E.C.); Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation (S.M., Y.N.); Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (L.L.); Asoci
authors.forename: Yu-Mei
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Institut Basel and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (D.C., S.A., T.S.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., Y.-M.G., T.K., J.A.S.); Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.-G.W.); Centro de Nefrologìa and Departamento de Fisiopatologìa, Hospital de Clìnicas, Universidad de la Repûblica, Montevideo, Uruguay (J.B.); Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte and Research Center for Prevention and Health, Gentofte, Denmark (T.W.H.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A., M.K., T.O., Y.I.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (K.B.-B.); Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.A., T.O.); Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.J.); Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.D.); First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakòw, Poland (K.S.-S., K.K.-J.); Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (V.T., E.C.); Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation (S.M., Y.N.); Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (L.L.); Asoci
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Torp-Pedersen
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Institut Basel and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (D.C., S.A., T.S.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., Y.-M.G., T.K., J.A.S.); Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.-G.W.); Centro de Nefrologìa and Departamento de Fisiopatologìa, Hospital de Clìnicas, Universidad de la Repûblica, Montevideo, Uruguay (J.B.); Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte and Research Center for Prevention and Health, Gentofte, Denmark (T.W.H.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A., M.K., T.O., Y.I.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (K.B.-B.); Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.A., T.O.); Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.J.); Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.D.); First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakòw, Poland (K.S.-S., K.K.-J.); Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (V.T., E.C.); Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation (S.M., Y.N.); Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (L.L.); Asoci
authors.forename: Eamon
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dolan
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Institut Basel and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (D.C., S.A., T.S.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., Y.-M.G., T.K., J.A.S.); Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.-G.W.); Centro de Nefrologìa and Departamento de Fisiopatologìa, Hospital de Clìnicas, Universidad de la Repûblica, Montevideo, Uruguay (J.B.); Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte and Research Center for Prevention and Health, Gentofte, Denmark (T.W.H.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A., M.K., T.O., Y.I.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (K.B.-B.); Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.A., T.O.); Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.J.); Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.D.); First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakòw, Poland (K.S.-S., K.K.-J.); Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (V.T., E.C.); Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation (S.M., Y.N.); Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (L.L.); Asoci
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuznetsova
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Institut Basel and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (D.C., S.A., T.S.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., Y.-M.G., T.K., J.A.S.); Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.-G.W.); Centro de Nefrologìa and Departamento de Fisiopatologìa, Hospital de Clìnicas, Universidad de la Repûblica, Montevideo, Uruguay (J.B.); Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte and Research Center for Prevention and Health, Gentofte, Denmark (T.W.H.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A., M.K., T.O., Y.I.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (K.B.-B.); Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.A., T.O.); Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.J.); Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.D.); First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakòw, Poland (K.S.-S., K.K.-J.); Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (V.T., E.C.); Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation (S.M., Y.N.); Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (L.L.); Asoci
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stolarz-Skrzypek
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Institut Basel and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (D.C., S.A., T.S.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., Y.-M.G., T.K., J.A.S.); Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.-G.W.); Centro de Nefrologìa and Departamento de Fisiopatologìa, Hospital de Clìnicas, Universidad de la Repûblica, Montevideo, Uruguay (J.B.); Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte and Research Center for Prevention and Health, Gentofte, Denmark (T.W.H.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A., M.K., T.O., Y.I.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (K.B.-B.); Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.A., T.O.); Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.J.); Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.D.); First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakòw, Poland (K.S.-S., K.K.-J.); Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (V.T., E.C.); Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation (S.M., Y.N.); Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (L.L.); Asoci
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tikhonoff
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Institut Basel and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (D.C., S.A., T.S.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., Y.-M.G., T.K., J.A.S.); Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.-G.W.); Centro de Nefrologìa and Departamento de Fisiopatologìa, Hospital de Clìnicas, Universidad de la Repûblica, Montevideo, Uruguay (J.B.); Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte and Research Center for Prevention and Health, Gentofte, Denmark (T.W.H.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A., M.K., T.O., Y.I.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (K.B.-B.); Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.A., T.O.); Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.J.); Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.D.); First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakòw, Poland (K.S.-S., K.K.-J.); Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (V.T., E.C.); Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation (S.M., Y.N.); Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (L.L.); Asoci
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schoen
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Institut Basel and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (D.C., S.A., T.S.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., Y.-M.G., T.K., J.A.S.); Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.-G.W.); Centro de Nefrologìa and Departamento de Fisiopatologìa, Hospital de Clìnicas, Universidad de la Repûblica, Montevideo, Uruguay (J.B.); Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte and Research Center for Prevention and Health, Gentofte, Denmark (T.W.H.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A., M.K., T.O., Y.I.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (K.B.-B.); Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.A., T.O.); Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.J.); Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.D.); First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakòw, Poland (K.S.-S., K.K.-J.); Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (V.T., E.C.); Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation (S.M., Y.N.); Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (L.L.); Asoci
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Malyutina
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Institut Basel and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (D.C., S.A., T.S.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., Y.-M.G., T.K., J.A.S.); Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.-G.W.); Centro de Nefrologìa and Departamento de Fisiopatologìa, Hospital de Clìnicas, Universidad de la Repûblica, Montevideo, Uruguay (J.B.); Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte and Research Center for Prevention and Health, Gentofte, Denmark (T.W.H.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A., M.K., T.O., Y.I.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (K.B.-B.); Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.A., T.O.); Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.J.); Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.D.); First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakòw, Poland (K.S.-S., K.K.-J.); Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (V.T., E.C.); Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation (S.M., Y.N.); Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (L.L.); Asoci
authors.forename: Edoardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Casiglia
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Institut Basel and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (D.C., S.A., T.S.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., Y.-M.G., T.K., J.A.S.); Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.-G.W.); Centro de Nefrologìa and Departamento de Fisiopatologìa, Hospital de Clìnicas, Universidad de la Repûblica, Montevideo, Uruguay (J.B.); Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte and Research Center for Prevention and Health, Gentofte, Denmark (T.W.H.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A., M.K., T.O., Y.I.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (K.B.-B.); Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.A., T.O.); Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.J.); Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.D.); First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakòw, Poland (K.S.-S., K.K.-J.); Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (V.T., E.C.); Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation (S.M., Y.N.); Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (L.L.); Asoci
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nikitin
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Institut Basel and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (D.C., S.A., T.S.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., Y.-M.G., T.K., J.A.S.); Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.-G.W.); Centro de Nefrologìa and Departamento de Fisiopatologìa, Hospital de Clìnicas, Universidad de la Repûblica, Montevideo, Uruguay (J.B.); Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte and Research Center for Prevention and Health, Gentofte, Denmark (T.W.H.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A., M.K., T.O., Y.I.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (K.B.-B.); Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.A., T.O.); Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.J.); Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.D.); First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakòw, Poland (K.S.-S., K.K.-J.); Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (V.T., E.C.); Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation (S.M., Y.N.); Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (L.L.); Asoci
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lind
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Institut Basel and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (D.C., S.A., T.S.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., Y.-M.G., T.K., J.A.S.); Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.-G.W.); Centro de Nefrologìa and Departamento de Fisiopatologìa, Hospital de Clìnicas, Universidad de la Repûblica, Montevideo, Uruguay (J.B.); Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte and Research Center for Prevention and Health, Gentofte, Denmark (T.W.H.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A., M.K., T.O., Y.I.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (K.B.-B.); Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.A., T.O.); Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.J.); Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.D.); First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakòw, Poland (K.S.-S., K.K.-J.); Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (V.T., E.C.); Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation (S.M., Y.N.); Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (L.L.); Asoci
authors.forename: Edgardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sandoya
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Institut Basel and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (D.C., S.A., T.S.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., Y.-M.G., T.K., J.A.S.); Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.-G.W.); Centro de Nefrologìa and Departamento de Fisiopatologìa, Hospital de Clìnicas, Universidad de la Repûblica, Montevideo, Uruguay (J.B.); Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte and Research Center for Prevention and Health, Gentofte, Denmark (T.W.H.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A., M.K., T.O., Y.I.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (K.B.-B.); Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.A., T.O.); Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.J.); Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.D.); First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakòw, Poland (K.S.-S., K.K.-J.); Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (V.T., E.C.); Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation (S.M., Y.N.); Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (L.L.); Asoci
authors.forename: Kalina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawecka-Jaszcz
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Institut Basel and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (D.C., S.A., T.S.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., Y.-M.G., T.K., J.A.S.); Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.-G.W.); Centro de Nefrologìa and Departamento de Fisiopatologìa, Hospital de Clìnicas, Universidad de la Repûblica, Montevideo, Uruguay (J.B.); Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte and Research Center for Prevention and Health, Gentofte, Denmark (T.W.H.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A., M.K., T.O., Y.I.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (K.B.-B.); Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.A., T.O.); Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.J.); Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.D.); First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakòw, Poland (K.S.-S., K.K.-J.); Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (V.T., E.C.); Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation (S.M., Y.N.); Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (L.L.); Asoci
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mena
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Institut Basel and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (D.C., S.A., T.S.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., Y.-M.G., T.K., J.A.S.); Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.-G.W.); Centro de Nefrologìa and Departamento de Fisiopatologìa, Hospital de Clìnicas, Universidad de la Repûblica, Montevideo, Uruguay (J.B.); Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte and Research Center for Prevention and Health, Gentofte, Denmark (T.W.H.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A., M.K., T.O., Y.I.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (K.B.-B.); Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.A., T.O.); Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.J.); Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.D.); First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakòw, Poland (K.S.-S., K.K.-J.); Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (V.T., E.C.); Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation (S.M., Y.N.); Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (L.L.); Asoci
authors.forename: Gladys E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Maestre
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Institut Basel and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (D.C., S.A., T.S.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., Y.-M.G., T.K., J.A.S.); Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.-G.W.); Centro de Nefrologìa and Departamento de Fisiopatologìa, Hospital de Clìnicas, Universidad de la Repûblica, Montevideo, Uruguay (J.B.); Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte and Research Center for Prevention and Health, Gentofte, Denmark (T.W.H.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A., M.K., T.O., Y.I.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (K.B.-B.); Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.A., T.O.); Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.J.); Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.D.); First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakòw, Poland (K.S.-S., K.K.-J.); Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (V.T., E.C.); Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation (S.M., Y.N.); Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (L.L.); Asoci
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Filipovský
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Institut Basel and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (D.C., S.A., T.S.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., Y.-M.G., T.K., J.A.S.); Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.-G.W.); Centro de Nefrologìa and Departamento de Fisiopatologìa, Hospital de Clìnicas, Universidad de la Repûblica, Montevideo, Uruguay (J.B.); Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte and Research Center for Prevention and Health, Gentofte, Denmark (T.W.H.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A., M.K., T.O., Y.I.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (K.B.-B.); Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.A., T.O.); Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.J.); Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.D.); First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakòw, Poland (K.S.-S., K.K.-J.); Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (V.T., E.C.); Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation (S.M., Y.N.); Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (L.L.); Asoci
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Institut Basel and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (D.C., S.A., T.S.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., Y.-M.G., T.K., J.A.S.); Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.-G.W.); Centro de Nefrologìa and Departamento de Fisiopatologìa, Hospital de Clìnicas, Universidad de la Repûblica, Montevideo, Uruguay (J.B.); Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte and Research Center for Prevention and Health, Gentofte, Denmark (T.W.H.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A., M.K., T.O., Y.I.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (K.B.-B.); Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.A., T.O.); Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.J.); Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.D.); First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakòw, Poland (K.S.-S., K.K.-J.); Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (V.T., E.C.); Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation (S.M., Y.N.); Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (L.L.); Asoci
authors.forename: Eoin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Institut Basel and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (D.C., S.A., T.S.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., Y.-M.G., T.K., J.A.S.); Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.-G.W.); Centro de Nefrologìa and Departamento de Fisiopatologìa, Hospital de Clìnicas, Universidad de la Repûblica, Montevideo, Uruguay (J.B.); Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte and Research Center for Prevention and Health, Gentofte, Denmark (T.W.H.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A., M.K., T.O., Y.I.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (K.B.-B.); Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.A., T.O.); Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.J.); Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.D.); First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakòw, Poland (K.S.-S., K.K.-J.); Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (V.T., E.C.); Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation (S.M., Y.N.); Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (L.L.); Asoci
authors.forename: Ji-Guang
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Institut Basel and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (D.C., S.A., T.S.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., Y.-M.G., T.K., J.A.S.); Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.-G.W.); Centro de Nefrologìa and Departamento de Fisiopatologìa, Hospital de Clìnicas, Universidad de la Repûblica, Montevideo, Uruguay (J.B.); Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte and Research Center for Prevention and Health, Gentofte, Denmark (T.W.H.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A., M.K., T.O., Y.I.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (K.B.-B.); Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.A., T.O.); Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.J.); Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.D.); First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakòw, Poland (K.S.-S., K.K.-J.); Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (V.T., E.C.); Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation (S.M., Y.N.); Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (L.L.); Asoci
authors.forename: Lorenz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Risch
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Institut Basel and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (D.C., S.A., T.S.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., Y.-M.G., T.K., J.A.S.); Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.-G.W.); Centro de Nefrologìa and Departamento de Fisiopatologìa, Hospital de Clìnicas, Universidad de la Repûblica, Montevideo, Uruguay (J.B.); Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte and Research Center for Prevention and Health, Gentofte, Denmark (T.W.H.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A., M.K., T.O., Y.I.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (K.B.-B.); Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.A., T.O.); Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.J.); Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.D.); First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakòw, Poland (K.S.-S., K.K.-J.); Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (V.T., E.C.); Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation (S.M., Y.N.); Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (L.L.); Asoci
authors.forename: Jan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Staessen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059468:Masked Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009819:Office Visits; D015995:Prevalence; D059466:White Coat Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: age group; ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; epidemiology; hypertension; lood pressure