title: International study of the incidence of particular types of septal deformities in chronic rhinosinusitis patients: the outcomes from five countries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) may be more frequent in patients with particular types of septal deformities. The aim of this article was to investigate the incidence of particular types of septal deformities in adult CRS patients and healthy volunteers in various countries to determine whether some of them are more frequent in those groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  This international multicentric study involved 505 subjects from five countries: Croatia, Romania, Italy, Russia, and Turkey. The types of septal deformities were observed and grouped according to the Mladina classification. Subjects were examined by means of native anterior rhinoscopy, anterior rhinoscopy after decongestion, and fiber endoscopy with topical anesthesia. CRS patients have been diagnostically proved by computed tomography scanning of the paranasal sinuses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Considering the CRS patients, the prevalence of so-called vertical deformities (types 2, 3, and 4) was seen. Among them, type 3 deformity was found most frequently in Turkey, Croatia, Italy, and Romania.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Type 3 deformity has been found frequently in CRS patients in all five of the countries. Russian subjects exhibited a high frequency of type 4 deformity. Because this type consists of types 2 and 3, the later, again, has been proven to be prevalent in CRS patients also in this group of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Osmangazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cemal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cingi
authors.forename: Nuray
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bayar Muluk
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Acar
authors.forename: Neven
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Skitarelić
authors.forename: Josip
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Markešić
authors.forename: Ozren
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Vugrinec
authors.forename: Desiderio
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Passali
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bellussi
authors.forename: Giulio Cesare
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Passali
authors.forename: Francesco Maria
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Passali
authors.forename: Andrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lopatin
authors.forename: Alena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kirdeeva
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ivanchenko
authors.forename: Codrut
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sarafoleanu
authors.forename: Andreea Mezei
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Negrila
authors.forename: Claudiu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Manea
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000002:abnormalities*; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000473:pathology*; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000473:pathology*