title: Development and effect of different bioactive silicate glass scaffolds: in vitro evaluation for use as a bone drug delivery system.
abstract: Local drug delivery systems to bone have attracted appreciable attention due to their efficacy to improve drug delivery, healing and regeneration. In this paper, development and characterization of new formulations of bioactive glass into a porous scaffold has been reported for its suitability to act as a drug delivery system in the management of bone infections, in vitro. Two new glass compositions based on SiO2-Na2O-ZnO-CaO-MgO-P2O5 system (BGZ and MBG) have been developed which after thorough chemical and phase evaluation, studied for acellular static in vitro bioactivity in SBF. Porous scaffolds made of these glasses have been fabricated and characterized thoroughly for bioactivity study, SEM, XRD, in vitro cytotoxicity, MTT assay and wound healing assay using human osteocarcoma cells. Finally, gatifloxacin was loaded into the porous scaffold by vacuum infiltration method and in vitro drug release kinetics have been studied with varying parameters including dissolution medium (PBS and SBF) and with/without impregnation chitosan. Suitable model has also been proposed for the kinetics. 63-66% porous and 5-50μm almost unimodal porous MBG and BGZ bioactive glass scaffolds were capable of releasing drugs successfully for 43 days at concentrations to treat orthopedic infections. In addition, it was also observed that the release of drug followed Peppas-Korsmeyer release pattern based on Fickian diffusion, while 0.5-1% chitosan coating on the scaffolds decreased the burst release and overall release of drug. The results also indicated that MBG based scaffolds were bioactive, biocompatible, noncytotoxic and exhibited excellent wound healing potential while BGZ was mildly cytotoxic with moderate wound healing potential. These results strongly suggest that MBG scaffolds appear to be a suitable bone drug delivery system in orthopedic infections treatment and as bone void fillers, but BGZ should be handled with caution or studied elaborately in detail further to ascertain and confirm the cytotoxic nature and wound healing potential of this glass.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Himalayan Pharmacy Institute, East Sikkim 737136, India.
authors.forename: Chidambaram
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Soundrapandian
authors.affiliation: Bioceramics and Coating Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata 700032, India.
authors.forename: Arnab
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahato
authors.affiliation: Bioceramics and Coating Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata 700032, India. Electronic address: biswa_kundu@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Biswanath
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kundu
authors.affiliation: Bioceramics and Coating Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata 700032, India.
authors.forename: Someswar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Datta
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
authors.forename: Biswanath
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sa
authors.affiliation: Bioceramics and Coating Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata 700032, India.
authors.forename: Debebrata
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Basu
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D016062:Porosity; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004337:Drug Carriers; D017640:Silicates
keywords: Acellular static in vitro bioactivity; Bioactive glass; Drug delivery system and model; MTT; Wound healing assay