title: Determination of Flavanones in Orange Juices Obtained from Different Sources by HPLC/DAD.
abstract: Flavanones (hesperidin, naringenin, naringin, and poncirin) in industrial, hand-squeezed orange juices and from fresh-in-squeeze machines orange juices were determined by HPLC/DAD analysis using a previously described liquid-liquid extraction method. Method validation including the accuracy was performed by using recovery tests. Samples (36) collected from different Brazilian locations and brands were analyzed. Concentrations were determined using an external standard curve. The limits of detection (LOD) and the limits of quantification (LOQ) calculated were 0.0037, 1.87, 0.0147, and 0.0066 mg 100 g(-1) and 0.0089, 7.84, 0.0302, and 0.0200 mg 100 g(-1) for naringin, hesperidin, poncirin, and naringenin, respectively. The results demonstrated that hesperidin was present at the highest concentration levels, especially in the industrial orange juices. Its average content and concentration range were 69.85 and 18.80-139.00 mg 100 g(-1). The other flavanones showed the lowest concentration levels. The average contents and concentration ranges found were 0.019, 0.01-0.30, and 0.12 and 0.1-0.17, 0.13, and 0.01-0.36 mg 100 g(-1), respectively. The results were also evaluated using the principal component analysis (PCA) multivariate analysis technique which showed that poncirin, naringenin, and naringin were the principal elements that contributed to the variability in the sample concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil ; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Farmácia, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lidércia C R Cerqueira E
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jorge M
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6375-9055
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: David
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael Dos S Q
authors.initials: Rdos S
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sérgio L C
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Farmácia, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juceni P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: David
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil ; Universidade Federal do Piauí, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia-Biotec, 64202-020 Parnaíba, PI, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pedro S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Dos Reis
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química, 13084-971 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roy E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Bruns