title: Control of hepatitis B virus replication by interferons and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways.
abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the major causes of liver diseases, affecting more than 350 million people worldwide. The interferon (IFN)-mediated innate immune responses could restrict HBV replication at the different steps of viral life cycle. Indeed, IFN-α has been successfully used for treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B. However, the role of the innate immune response in HBV replication and the mechanism of the anti-HBV effect of IFN-α are not completely explored. In this review, we summarized the currently available knowledge about the IFN-mediated anti-HBV effect in the HBV life cycle and the possible effectors downstream the IFN signaling pathway. The antiviral effect of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in HBV replication is briefly discussed. The strategies exploited by HBV to evade the IFN- and TLR-mediated antiviral actions are summarized.
authors.affiliation: Rong-Juan Pei, Xin-Wen Chen, Meng-Ji Lu, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China.
authors.forename: Rong-Juan
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.affiliation: Rong-Juan Pei, Xin-Wen Chen, Meng-Ji Lu, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Wen
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Rong-Juan Pei, Xin-Wen Chen, Meng-Ji Lu, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China.
authors.forename: Meng-Ji
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007372:Interferons / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D007372:Interferons
keywords: Hepatitis B virus; Innate immune response; Interferon; Interferon stimulated genes; Toll-like receptor