title: Single virus detection by means of atomic force microscopy in combination with advanced image analysis.
abstract: In the present contribution virions of five different virus species, namely Varicella-zoster virus, Porcine teschovirus, Tobacco mosaic virus, Coliphage M13 and Enterobacteria phage PsP3, are investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). From the resulting height images quantitative features like maximal height, area and volume of the viruses could be extracted and compared to reference values. Subsequently, these features were accompanied by image moments, which quantify the morphology of the virions. Both types of features could be utilized for an automatic discrimination of the five virus species. The accuracy of this classification model was 96.8%. Thus, a virus detection on a single-particle level using AFM images is possible. Due to the application of advanced image analysis the morphology could be quantified and used for further analysis. Here, an automatic recognition by means of a classification model could be achieved in a reliable and objective manner.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena e.V., Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany. Electronic address: thomas.bocklitz@uni-jena.de.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bocklitz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena e.V., Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kämmer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena e.V., Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stöckel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena e.V., Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cialla-May
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena e.V., Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology and Antiviral Therapy, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 2, 07745 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zell
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena e.V., Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Deckert
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena e.V., Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Popp
mesh_terms: D014645:Herpesvirus 3, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D052700:Teschovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014027:Tobacco Mosaic Virus / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014771:Virion / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000648:ultrastructure
keywords: Atomic force microscopy; Image analysis; Statistical modeling; Virus detection