title: Doppler ultrasound detection of preclinical changes in foot arteries in early stage of type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are few reports regarding the changes within the vessels in the initial stage of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to estimate the hemodynamic and morphological parameters in foot arteries in type 2 diabetes subjects and to compare these parameters to those obtained in a control group of healthy volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ultrasound B-mode, color Doppler and pulse wave Doppler imaging of foot arteries was conducted in 37 diabetic patients and 36 non-diabetic subjects to determine their morphological (total vascular diameter and flow lumen diameter) and functional parameters (spectral analysis).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In diabetic patients, the overall vascular diameter and wall thickness were statistically significantly larger when compared to the control group in the right dorsalis pedis artery (P=0.01; P=0.001), left dorsalis pedis artery (P=0.007; P=0.006), right posterior tibial artery (P=0.005; P=0.0005), and left posterior tibial artery (P=0.007; P=0.0002). No significant differences were observed in both groups in flow lumen diameters and blood flow parameters (PSV, EDV, PI, RI). In the diabetic group, the level of HbA1c positively correlated with flow resistance index in the right dorsalis pedis artery (r=0.38; P=0.02), right posterior tibial artery (r=0.38; P=0.02) and left posterior tibial artery (r=0.42; P=0.009). The pulsatility index within the dorsalis pedis artery decreased with increased trophic skin changes (r=-0.431, P=0.009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the diabetic group, overall artery diameters larger than and flow lumina comparable to the control group suggest vessel wall thickening occurring in the early stage of diabetes. Doppler flow parameters are comparable in both groups. In the diabetic group, the level of HbA1c positively correlated with flow resistance index and negative correlation was observed between the intensity of trophic skin changes and the pulsatility index.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leoniuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lukasiewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szorc
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Izabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sackiewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Janica
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Urszula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lebkowska
keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - ultrasonography; Peripheral Arterial Disease - ultrasonography; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color