title: A review of modern challenges in fire debris analysis.
abstract: The continually-evolving field of fire debris analysis presents challenges to examiners on a regular basis. This article combines an overview of the scientific literature with novel samples that illustrate the current issues faced by fire debris examiners. Unusual liquids that contradict current classification schemes are discussed, as are complex matrices with noteworthy interferences. The matrix effects range from inherent interferences to the degradation of ignitable liquids. Finally, non-routine analyses are discussed, including the analysis of vegetable and lubricating oils and novel ignition methods. Through open discussion of complex samples and individual experiences, the problems in fire debris analysis can be overcome, resulting in the production of accurate and authoritative information.
authors.affiliation: Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, Forensic Science Laboratory, 355 North Wiget Lane, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, United States. Electronic address: jamie.baerncopf@atf.gov.
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baerncopf
authors.affiliation: Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, Forensic Science Laboratory, 355 North Wiget Lane, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, United States. Electronic address: Katherine.hutches@atf.gov.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hutches
keywords: Fire debris; Forensic science; Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; Ignitable liquid; Incendiary device