title: Child outcomes of a pilot parent-delivered intervention for improving the social play skills of children with ADHD and their playmates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This pilot study examined the effectiveness of a parent-delivered intervention for improving: the social play skills of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their typically developing playmates and the empathy of children with ADHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were children with ADHD and their typically developing playmates (n = 9/group). The intervention was primarily parent-implemented and involved: parent-training, weekly home-modules, three clinic play-sessions, therapist-parent phone consultations and a one-month follow-up. The Test of Playfulness (ToP) was the primary outcome measure. Cohen's-d and paired sample t-test calculations were used to measure effect.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Social play outcomes of children with ADHD improved significantly from: pre- to post-test (t = 3.2; p = 0.02; d = 1.0) and post-test to follow-up intervention (t = 2.7; p = 0.02; d = 1.1). Playmate's improved significantly from pre- to post-intervention (t = 3.9; p = 0.03; d = 1.2). Children with ADHD improved significantly on 4/7 ToP empathy items (t = 2.31-3.16; p = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intervention successfully improved the social play skills of children with ADHD and their playmates.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Health Sciences , The University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW , Australia and.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wilkes-Gillan
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Health Sciences , The University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW , Australia and.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bundy
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Health Sciences , The University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW , Australia and.|b School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work, Curtin University , Perth , Western Australia , Australia.
authors.forename: Reinie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cordier
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Health Sciences , The University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW , Australia and.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lincoln
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002648:Child; D004645:Empathy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D033062:Friends / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010988:Play and Playthings / Q000523:psychology*; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012919:Social Behavior; D012920:Social Behavior Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Dyadic friendships; parent involvement; peer involvement; social skills