title: Induction of apoptosis in colon cancer cells treated with isorhamnetin glycosides from Opuntia ficus-indica pads.
abstract: (OFI) contains health-promoting compounds like flavonoids, being the isorhamnetin glycosides the most abundant. We evaluated the effect of OFI extracts with different isorhamnetin glycosides against two different human colon cancer cells (HT-29 and Caco2). The extracts were obtained by alkaline hydrolysis with NaOH at 40 °C during 15, 30 or 60 min. Tri and diglycosides were the most abundant isorhamnetin glycosides, therefore these compounds were isolated to compare their cytotoxic effect with the obtained from the extracts. The OFI extracts and purified isorhamnetin glycosides were more cytotoxic against HT-29 cells than Caco2 cells. OFI-30 exhibited the lowest IC50 value against HT-29 (4.9 ± 0.5 μg/mL) and against Caco2 (8.2 ± 0.3 μg/mL). Isorhamnetin diglycosides IG5 and IG6 were more cytotoxic than pure isorhamnetin aglycone or triglycosides when they were tested in HT-29 cells. Bioluminescent analysis revealed increased activity of caspase 3/7 in OFI extracts-treated cells, particularly for the extract with the highest concentration of isorhamnetin triglycosides. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that OFI extract and isorhamnetin glycosides induced a higher percentage of apoptosis in HT-29 than in Caco2, while isorhamnetin was more apoptotic in Caco2. This research demonstrated that glycosilation affected antiproliferative effect of pure isorhamnetin glycosides or when they are mixed with other phytochemicals in an extract obtained from OFI.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA., Tecnológico de Monterrey-, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., México.
authors.forename: Marilena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antunes-Ricardo
authors.forename: Beatriz E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Moreno-García
authors.forename: Janet A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Uribe
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aráiz-Hernández
authors.forename: Mario M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Sergio O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Serna-Saldivar
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006027:Glycosides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D029747:Opuntia / Q000737:chemistry*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D005419:Flavonoids; D006027:Glycosides; D010936:Plant Extracts; C047368:3-methylquercetin; D011794:Quercetin; D020169:Caspases