title: Liver disease in patients qualified for home parenteral nutrition - a consequence of a failure to adjust RTU bags in the primary centre?
abstract: If planned improperly, parenteral nutrition may result in a number of severe metabolic complications caused by insufficient or excessive delivery of individual nutrients. One of the most common and the most dangerous complication is parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD). Such a complication may also result from using RTU (ready-to-use) bags that are not adjusted adequately to individual patients. The aim of the study was the analysis of prevalence and determining the cause of liver disease in patients who had been receiving parenteral nutrition in primary centres prior to the implementation of home parenteral nutrition in the specialist centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study enrolled 146 patients who were referred to the Clinic in the period of 2006-2012 in order to be qualified for home parenteral nutrition. Interview and medical documentation revealed that 100 patients had been receiving parenteral nutrition by means of ready-to-use (RTU) bags in their primary centres. In the remaining 46 patients, such feeding had not been implemented. Upon admission, the following parameters were evaluated: bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT), alanine aminotransferase (AlAT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP), alkaline phosphatase (AP), triglycerides (TG), cholesterol, protein, albumins, amylase, urea, creatinine and C-reactive protein (CRP). The analysis of the results was conducted with the use of the Student's T-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients who had been receiving parenteral nutrition manifested significantly increased (p < 0.05) levels of total bilirubin, TG, AlAT, LDH, GGTP, AP and CRP. 23% of patients were diagnosed with jaundice, in 70%, GGTP > 100 i.u. and a half manifested biochemical features of cholestasis. No correlation was observed between the CRP level and results of liver function tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was found that there is a correlation between parenteral nutrition with RTU bags and liver disease. The probable cause of liver disease associated with parenteral nutrition received prior to the transfer to the Clinic is excessive administration of lipids. It can be accompanied by excessive administration of glucose. Modification of parenteral nutrition helped to compensate for liver disorders in all patients.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lawiński
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bzikowska
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Omidi
authors.forename: Krystyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Majewska
authors.forename: Urszula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Zielińska-Borkowska
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous / Q000592:standards*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016331:Parenteral Nutrition, Home / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000592:standards*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic