title: On the association between loneliness and physical warmth-seeking through bathing: reply to Donnellan et al. (2014) and three further replications of Bargh and Shalev (2012) study 1.
abstract: [Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 15(1) of Emotion (see record 2015-05076-005). In the article, there was an error in the abstract. The name of author Donnellan was misspelled as Donellan.] [Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 15(1) of Emotion (see record 2015-05076-004). In the article, the wrong supplemental file was originally posted. The correct file has now been posted.] As Tversky and Kahneman (1971) noted, effect sizes in smaller samples are inherently unstable. Donnellan [corrected] et al. (2014) in a large sample show that the relation between trait loneliness and warmth extraction through bathing activities is much smaller than in our initial smaller samples. We report further replications of our original findings in samples from India, Israel, and North America, again showing significant correlations between loneliness and physical warmth extraction from bathing and showering; the overall effect being reliable across all three samples, although, consistent with Donnellan [corrected] et al.'s conclusions, smaller than in our original studies. We also respond to criticisms of the original data analyses, noting that removal of the problematic 'bathing frequency' item from the warmth index did not substantially change the results and thus our conclusions from them. We also note that in their 2 studies in which Donnellan [corrected] et al. attempted to most closely follow our original procedure, they did replicate our original results, but not in the other 7 studies in which considerable procedural changes were made. As our new replications reveal variability in bathing and showering preferences and habits around the world, we recommend the inclusion of a wider sample of cultures beyond North American in future research. This research should also focus not only on the narrower question of how loneliness relates to bathing activities but on the broader relation between feelings of social coldness (e.g., after rejection or exclusion) and the seeking of physical warmth (e.g., warm food and drink, thermostat settings).
authors.affiliation: Department of Education and Zlotowski Center of Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.
authors.forename: Idit
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shalev
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Yale University.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bargh
mesh_terms: D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008132:Loneliness / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D012929:Psychological Distance; D012938:Social Perception; D013697:Thermosensing / Q000502:physiology*