title: A rapid and visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay to detect Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli targeting a transposase gene.
abstract: Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (Lxx), causal organism of ratoon stunt (RSD), does not produce any reliable internal or external symptoms on sugarcane. Its detection on a large scale is solely based on microscopic and serological methods. These methods require well-equipped laboratories, are time consuming and are not feasible for near-field detection of Lxx. In this study, we developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid and sensitive detection of Lxx without the use of sophisticated equipment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the detection of Lxx in 30 min via an isothermal amplification method at 65°C. A transposase gene, ISLxx5, was used to design a set of six primers specifically targeting eight genomic sequences. The xylem sap was used as template, thus circumventing the need to isolate pure genomic DNA. The positive reactions were visually detected through a colour change of hydroxynaphthol blue (HNB) from violet to light blue, thus, eliminating the need for gel electrophoresis. The LAMP method was 10 times more sensitive than serological detection and as sensitive as immunofluorescence microscopy (IFM). The simplicity and sensitivity of the ISLxx5 LAMP assay makes it suitable for near-field diagnosis of RSD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Detection of Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (Lxx) on a large scale is based on serological assays such as evaporative-binding enzyme-linked immunoassay (EB-EIA). These methods are time consuming and require well-equipped laboratories. This study presents the development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay which allows detection of Lxx in 30 min at 65°C, using xylem sap as the template. The assay requires minimal laboratory equipment and could be used at near farm conditions, thus saving time and money required to transfer samples from remote areas to diagnostic laboratories. The LAMP method shows potential as an alternative detection method for RSD.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghai
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: McFarlane
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van Antwerpen
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Rutherford
mesh_terms: D000192:Actinomycetales / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D031786:Saccharum / Q000382:microbiology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019895:Transposases / Q000235:genetics*; D052584:Xylem / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D019895:Transposases
keywords: ISLxx5; Leifsonia xyli subsp; Xyli; diagnosis; hydroxynaphthol blue; loop-mediated isothermal amplification; ratoon stunt