title: Effect of rutin against gastric esophageal reflux in experimental animals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study was undertaken to elucidate the effect of rutin against gastric esophageal reflux in experimental animals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Groups of rats, fasted overnight received normal saline (3 ml/kg, sham control) or esophagitis control (3 ml/kg, normal saline) or pantoprazole (30 mg/kg) or rutin (50 and 100 mg/kg) were subjected to pylorus and forestomach ligation. Animals were sacrificed after 12 h and scrutinized physiologically (gastric pH, total acidity, free acidity and esophagitis index), biochemically (TBAR's, SOD, catalase, GSH and protein carbonyl) and morphologically. The esophageal tissues were also inquested for the presence of proinflammatory (IL-2 and IL-1β) and immunoregulatory (IL-4 and IL-6) cytokines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results demonstrated momentous physiological, biochemical and morphological protection imparted by rutin. The rutin also restored the altered levels of proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines, which further strengthens the implication of rutin in GERD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The beneficial effects as observed in the current experiment could be accredited to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory (through inhibition of COX and LOX) property of rutin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (Central University) , Vidya Vihar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh , India.
authors.forename: Sanjit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Manjari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Jitendra K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Rawat
authors.forename: Swetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gautam
authors.forename: Shubhini A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Saraf
authors.forename: Gaurav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kaithwas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000662:veterinary; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012431:Rutin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D012431:Rutin; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Cyclooxygenase; GERD; esophagitis; lipoxygenase; pantoprazole; rutin