title: Validation of the Glover-Nilsson Smoking Behavioral Questionnaire for the Portuguese population: a psychometric process.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate the Portuguese version of the Glover-Nilsson Smoking Behavioral Questionnaire (GNSBQ).
  
  
  METHODS
  This manuscript represents 2 studies. In the first, the free-translated Portuguese version of GNSBQ, currently in use, was administered to 124 healthy smokers for Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). In the second, a forward-backward translation was developed to achieve a proper cultural and linguistic adaptation, which allowed creating a new Portuguese version of the GNSBQ. An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was then performed, including 120 healthy smokers who completed this new version.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first study, the results from performing a CFA were not acceptable, although the scale was internally consistent. The second study showed that the new Portuguese version of GNSBQ presented reliability and 2 cor-related factors retrieved from the EFA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new Portuguese version of the second study will contribute to an improved assessment of behavioral dependence in that population.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. vmasrocha@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vânia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Marina P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Marina S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lemos
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Elbert D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Glover
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011174:Portugal; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D014177:Translations; D055815:Young Adult