title: In vitro antiviral and immunomodulatory activity of arbidol and structurally related derivatives in herpes simplex virus type 1-infected human keratinocytes (HaCat).
abstract: Arbidol (ARB) is an antiviral drug that has broad-spectrum activity against a number of viral infections. To date, there are no specific data regarding its effects against a herpesvirus. Here, the in vitro antiviral effect of ARB and structurally related derivatives were evaluated in HaCat cells on different steps of herpes simplex virus type 1 replication: adsorption, entry and post-entry. The simplified pyrrolidine analogue, 9a2, showed the best antiviral activity in vitro by reducing the plaque numbers by about 50% instead of 42% obtained with ARB at the same concentration. Furthermore, we have reported that all tested compounds evaluated for their immunomodulatory activity showed the ability to reduce the viral proteins VP16 and ICP27 and to modify the virus-induced cytokine expression, allowing the host cell a more efficient antiviral response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology, Second University of Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Brunella
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Perfetto
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Second University of Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Filosa
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology, Second University of Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenza
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: De Gregorio
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peduto
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Second University of Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: La Gatta
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Caprariis
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology, Second University of Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Antonietta
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Tufano
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology, Second University of Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Donnarumma
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D007211:Indoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000821:virology*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects; D013440:Sulfides
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D007211:Indoles; C086979:umifenovir; D013440:Sulfides