title: Hippuric acid in 24 h urine collections as a biomarker of fruits and vegetables intake in kidney stone formers.
abstract: This work aimed to underline the prospects of hippuric acid, a product of the metabolism of polyphenols, as a new biomarker of fruits and vegetables intake associated with lithogenic risk. Biochemical parameters of lithogenic risk and hippuric acid were measured in the 24 h urine collections of a cohort of 696 Italian kidney stone formers divided into two subgroups according to their different dietary habits. The link between lithogenic risk parameters and hippuric acid was assessed and this compound was revealed as a valuable biomarker of fruits and vegetables intake in kidney stone formers. A cut-off value of urinary excretion of hippuric acid, 300 mg/24 h, was set as the threshold of discrimination between low and high intake of fruits and vegetables for these patients. These results highlight the importance of monitoring of the excretion hippuric acid in urine to address proper dietary guidelines for the management of stone former patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma , Parma , Italy .
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Folesani
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mena
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ticinesi
authors.forename: Franca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Allegri
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nouvenne
authors.forename: Silvana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pinelli
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Del Rio
authors.forename: Loris
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Borghi
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meschi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D002118:Calcium / Q000009:adverse effects; D004032:Diet; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006626:Hippurates / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010070:Oxalates / Q000009:adverse effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000652:urine; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000652:urine*; D059349:Urine Specimen Collection; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006626:Hippurates; D010070:Oxalates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D002118:Calcium; C030514:hippuric acid
keywords: Biomarker; dietary habits; kidney stones; nephrolithiasis; polyphenol; urinary parameters