title: Iatrogenic hemobilia in 10-year-old boy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hemobilia in children is a rare phenomenon which has been described mostly in the context of traumas. The descriptions of massive hemobilia in children after liver biopsy are a rarity in the scientific literature because there are only a few examples of it. Hemobilia rarely develops spontaneously. Generally, this is a complication after a blunt abdominal trauma or after medical (especially surgical) procedures. Correct diagnosis and treatment of hemobilia are essential, especially in the case of patients with severe - sometimes life-threatening - haemorrhage from biliary ducts. It should be remembered that the symptoms of hemobilia do not necessarily occur immediately after surgery or trauma. In some cases hemobilia occurs after a changeable, asymptomatic period of time.
  
  
  METHODS
  We would like to present a case of a severe form of hemobilia caused by arterio-biliary fistula which developed incidentally after liver biopsy in a 10-year-old boy with chronic hepatitis B. Symptoms of hemobilia appeared on the seventh day after the diagnostic biopsy when the patient's general condition began to deteriorate. The diagnosis of arterio-biliary fistula was established after angio-CT examination of the liver. A selective embolization of the right hepatic artery was carried out. Hemobilia in children is a rare phenomenon which has been described mostly in the context of traumas. The cases of massive hemobilia in children after liver biopsy are a rarity in the scientific literature because there are only a few examples of it. Hemobilia very rarely develops spontaneously. Generally, this is a complication after a blunt abdominal trauma or after medical (especially surgical) procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Correct diagnosis and treatment of hemobilia are essential, especially in the case of patients with severe - sometimes life-threatening - haemorrhage from biliary ducts. It should be remembered that the symptoms of hemobilia do not necessarily occur immediately after surgery or trauma. In some cases hemobilia occurs after a changeable, asymptomatic period of time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Wrocław University of Medicine, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Urszula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Zaleska-Dorobisz
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Wrocław University of Medicine, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Mateusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lasecki
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Wrocław University of Medicine, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Cyprian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Olchowy
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Wrocław University of Medicine, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ugorski
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Wrocław University of Medicine, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garcarek
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Wrocław University of Medicine, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Patkowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Wrocław University of Medicine, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kurcz
keywords: Arterio-Biliary Fistula; GI Haemorrhage; Hemobilia