title: Metabolomic analysis of long-term spontaneous exercise in mice suggests increased lipolysis and altered glucose metabolism when animals are at rest.
abstract: Exercise has been associated with several beneficial effects and is one of the major modulators of metabolism. The working muscle produces and releases substances during exercise that mediate the adaptation of the muscle but also improve the metabolic flexibility of the complete organism, leading to adjustable substrate utilization. Metabolomic studies on physical exercise are scarce and most of them have been focused on the effects of intense exercise in professional sportsmen. The aim of our study was to determine plasma metabolomic adaptations in mice after a long-term spontaneous exercise intervention study (18 mo). The metabolic changes induced by long-term spontaneous exercise were sufficient to achieve complete discrimination between groups in the principal component analysis scores plot. We identified plasma indicators of an increase in lipolysis (elevated unsaturated fatty acids and glycerol), a decrease in glucose and insulin plasma levels and in heart glucose consumption (by PET), and altered glucose metabolism (decreased alanine and lactate) in the wheel running group. Collectively these data are compatible with an increase in skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in the active mice. We also found an increase in amino acids involved in catecholamine synthesis (tyrosine and phenylalanine), in the skeletal muscle pool of creatine phosphate and taurine, and changes in phospholipid metabolism (phosphocholine and choline in lipids) between the sedentary and the active mice. In conclusion, long-term spontaneous wheel running induces significant plasma and tissue (heart) metabolic responses that remain even when the animal is at rest.
authors.affiliation: Fundacion Investigacion Hospital Clinico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain;
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Monleon
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain;
authors.forename: Rebeca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garcia-Valles
authors.affiliation: Fundacion Investigacion Hospital Clinico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain;
authors.forename: Jose Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.affiliation: Laboratory "Movement Sport and Health Sciences," University Rennes, France; and.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brioche
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain;
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Olaso-Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Elche, Spain.
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lopez-Grueso
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain;
authors.forename: Mari Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gomez-Cabrera
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; jose.vina@uv.es.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Viña
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008066:Lipolysis; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D005082:Physical Exertion; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D012146:Rest; D012420:Running; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids
keywords: adaptations to exercise; glucose metabolism; heart; insulin sensitivity; positron emission tomography