title: Synthesis and bioactivities of silver nanoparticles capped with 5-amino-β-resorcylic acid hydrochloride dihydrate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conjugated and drug loaded silver nanoparticles are getting an increased attention for various biomedical applications. Nanoconjugates showed significant enhancement in biological activity in comparison to free drug molecules. In this perspective, we report the synthesis of bioactive silver capped with 5-Amino-β-resorcylic acid hydrochloride dihydrate (AR). The in vitro antimicrobial (antibacterial, antifungal), enzyme inhibition (xanthine oxidase, urease, carbonic anhydrase, α-chymotrypsin, cholinesterase) and antioxidant activities of the developed nanostructures was investigated before and after conjugation to silver metal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The conjugation of AR to silver was confirmed through FTIR, UV-vis and TEM techniques. The amount of AR conjugated with silver was characterized through UV-vis spectroscopy and found to be 9% by weight. The stability of synthesized nanoconjugates against temperature, high salt concentration and pH was found to be good. Nanoconjugates, showed significant synergic enzyme inhibition effect against xanthine and urease enzymes in comparison to standard drugs, pure ligand and silver.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our synthesized nanoconjugate was found be to efficient selective xanthine and urease inhibitors in comparison to Ag and AR. On a per weight basis, our nanoconjugates required less amount of AR (about 11 times) for inhibition of these enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Nanoscience and Catalysis Division, National Centre for Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan. syedasohailanaz@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Syeda Sohaila
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Naz
authors.affiliation: H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan. raza.shah@iccs.edu.
authors.forename: Muhammad Raza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan. islanaz@yahoo.com.|Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, 2500, Pakistan. islanaz@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Nazar Ul
authors.initials: NU
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan. ajmalchemist@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ajmal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Nanoscience and Catalysis Division, National Centre for Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan. seegasami01@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Samina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nazir
authors.affiliation: Nanoscience and Catalysis Division, National Centre for Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan. sara.qaisar@ncp.edu.pk.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qaisar
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan. ur_sartaj@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Syed Sartaj
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Alam
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024402:Carbonic Anhydrase II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D060326:Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000737:chemistry; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D014510:Urease / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D012834:Silver; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; D014510:Urease; D024402:Carbonic Anhydrase II; C017704:beta-resorcylic acid