title: Genotoxicity effect, antioxidant and biomechanical correlation: experimental study of agarose-chitosan bone graft substitute in New Zealand white rabbit model.
abstract: Bone loss associated with skeletal trauma or metabolic diseases often requires bone grafting. In such situations, a biomaterial is necessary for migrated cells to produce new tissue. In this study, agarose-chitosan was implanted in the femoral condyle of New Zealand White rabbits that were divided into three groups: Group I was used as control; Groups II and III were used as implanted tissue with agarose-chitosan and presenting empty defects, respectively. This study evaluated the agarose-chitosan biocompatibility by determining the in vivo genotoxicity, oxidative stress balance that correlated with the hardness mechanical property. Moreover, the histopathological and quantitative elements analyzed by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry were determined. After 30 days of implantation, the in vivo analysis of genotoxicity showed that agarose-chitosan did not induce chromosome aberration or micronucleus damage. A significant decrease in thiobarbituric and acid-reactive substance was observed after agarose-chitosan implantation in the bone tissue. Superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly enhanced in agarose-chitosan-treated group compared with that of control group. A negative correlation coefficient of the mechanical property with malonyldialdehyde level was detected (R = -0.998). The histological study exhibited a significantly increased angiogenesis and newly formed tissue. No presence of inflammatory process, necrotic or fibrous tissue was detected. Major and trace elements such as Ca, P, Zn, Mg and Fe were increased significantly in the newly formed bone. These findings show that agarose-chitosan biomaterial implantation might be effective for treating trauma and bone regeneration.
authors.affiliation: UMR CNRS 6226, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France Histology, Orthopaedic and Traumatology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia jbahisamira@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Samira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jebahi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Ghada
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ben Saleh
authors.affiliation: Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Mongi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saoudi
authors.affiliation: Histology, Orthopaedic and Traumatology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Salma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Besaleh
authors.affiliation: UMR CNRS 6226, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Hassane
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oudadesse
authors.affiliation: Histology, Orthopaedic and Traumatology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Moufida
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mhadbi
authors.affiliation: Histology, Orthopaedic and Traumatology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Tarek
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rebai
authors.affiliation: Histology, Orthopaedic and Traumatology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Hassib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Keskes
authors.affiliation: Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Abdelfattah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El Feki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055592:Biophysical Phenomena; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D005269:Femur / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006244:Hardness; D008422:Materials Testing; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011817:Rabbits; D012685:Sepharose / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D012685:Sepharose; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Agarose–chitosan; antioxidative profile; bone regeneration; genotoxicity; graft biomaterial; mechanical hardness test