title: Prevalence of enuresis and urinary symptoms at age 7 years in the 2004 birth cohort from Pelotas, Brazil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of enuresis, urinary, and bowel symptoms and associated factors in children aged 7 years in a birth cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pre-coded questionnaire was applied to 3,602 children who belonged to a birth cohort initiated in 2004 in Pelotas, Brazil. During home visits at 12, 24, and 48 months and at age 7 years, mothers answered a questionnaire with demographic questions and characteristics of bladder and bowel habits of children using a urinary symptom score. Poisson regression was used for the hierarchical multivariable analysis, with robust variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of enuresis was 10.6%;11.7% in males and 9.3% in females; enuresis was monosymptomatic in 9.8% of the children (10.8% of males and 8.3% of females); 37.4% had symptoms up to once a week; 32.9%, two to four times a week; and 26.2%, every day, with no difference between genders. The most common urinary symptoms were urinary urgency (22.7%) and urinary retention maneuvers (38.2%). In the multivariate analysis, it was observed that the number of urinary symptoms and the number of children at home showed a direct association with the presence of enuresis, whereas maternal education was inversely associated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enuresis is a prevalent condition and should be investigated in clinical practice, especially in children of lower socioeconomic status. A detailed history of urinary habits detects associated urinary symptoms, which is important for adequate classification of enuresis and subsequent management.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: denisemmota@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Denise M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aluisio J D
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matijasevich
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Iná S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Santos
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006184:Habits; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Children; Crianças; Enurese; Enuresis; Prevalence; Prevalência; Sintomas miccionais; Urinary symptoms