title: Effects and mechanisms of auricular electroacupuncture on visceral pain induced by colorectal distension in conscious rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects and mechanisms of action of auricular electroacupuncture (AEA) on visceral pain induced by colorectal distension (CRD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control; untreated CRD; CRD+AEA; and CRD+sham electroacupuncture (SEA). An electromyogram (EMG) was recorded for 120 min in the conscious state. After a 30 min baseline recording, CRD was performed in untreated CRD, AEA and SEA groups and lasted for 90 min. AEA and SEA were started at 30 min and lasted for 30 min. The EMG was recorded and analysed to evaluate the severity of visceral pain, indicated by the magnitude of the vasomotor response (VMR). mRNA expression of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 1a (5-HT1a) receptor was measured separately in the colon and raphe nuclei using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences were seen in the baseline EMG among the four groups (p>0.05). During pre-stimulation, VMR magnitude in the CRD, AEA and SEA groups increased compared with that in the control group (p<0.05). During stimulation, the VMR magnitude was significantly decreased in AEA but not SEA groups relative to the (untreated) CRD group. Similarly, mRNA expression of the 5-HT1a receptor in both the colon and raphe nuclei was lower in AEA but not SEA groups compared with the CRD group (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AEA can ameliorate CRD-induced visceral pain in rats, and increase mRNA expression of the 5-HT1a receptor peripherally (in the colon) and centrally (in the raphe nuclei), suggesting a serotonergic mechanism of action.
authors.affiliation: Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Shasha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Acuology, The Second Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Jianbin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Jingzhu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Hongxing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ran
authors.affiliation: Department of Acuology, The Second Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Yichun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Jiande
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Yinping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D020831:Acupuncture, Ear; D000818:Animals; D003106:Colon / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic; D015671:Electroacupuncture; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D011903:Raphe Nuclei / Q000378:metabolism*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D044282:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014666:Vasomotor System; D059265:Visceral Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D044282:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A
keywords: PAIN MANAGEMENT