title: Histomorphometric results in ridge preservation procedures comparing various graft materials in extraction sockets with nongrafted sockets in humans: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate, from a histological point of view, the amount of newly formed bone in ridge preservation procedures using various graft materials in comparison with natural healing (NH) and to determine which is the ideal type of graft to be used.
  
  
  METHODS
  A search strategy was developed to find articles in a human model published between 1990 and January 2013 in English language using MEDLINE database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-four articles were included in this systematic review. When comparing the percentage of newly formed bone using various grafting materials with NH, calcium sulfate, magnesium enriched hydroxyapatite, and porcine-derived bone grafts offered the best outcomes. However, due to the heterogeneity of the included studies, the search was extended to determine which type of graft resulted in greatest bone formation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When comparing ridge preservation with NH, only 3 studies encountered a greater amount of newly formed bone in the ridge preservation group, whereas the rest did not find statistically significant differences or even observed a greater percentage of newly formed bone in the control group. Therefore, more studies are needed to determine whether the use of graft materials enhances new bone formation in contrast to NH alone and to determine the most effective bone grafting material.
authors.affiliation: *Associate Professor, Department of Periodontology, International University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain. †Associate Professor, Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA. ‡Associate Professor, Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. §Chairman, Department of Periodontology, International University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Lucía
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barallat
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ruíz-Magaz
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Levi
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mareque-Bueno
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galindo-Moreno
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nart
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D014081:Tooth Extraction