title: Male spine motion during coitus: implications for the low back pain patient.
abstract: METHODS
  Repeated measures design.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe male spine movement and posture characteristics during coitus and compare these characteristics across 5 common coital positions.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Exacerbation of pain during coitus due to coital movements and positions is a prevalent issue reported by low back pain patients. A biomechanical analysis of spine movements and postures during coitus has never been conducted.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten healthy males and females engaged in coitus in the following preselected positions and variations: QUADRUPED, MISSIONARY, and SIDELYING. An optoelectronic motion capture system was used to measure 3-dimensional lumbar spine angles that were normalized to upright standing. To determine whether each coital position had distinct spine kinematic profiles, separate univariate general linear models, followed by Tukey's honestly significant difference post hoc analysis were used. The presentation of coital positions was randomized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both variations of QUADRUPED, mQUAD1 and mQUAD2, were found to have a significantly higher cycle speed than mSIDE (P = 0.043 and P = 0.034, respectively), mMISS1 (P = 0.003 and P = 0.002, respectively), and mMISS2 (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Male lumbar spine movement varied depending on the coital position; however, across all positions, the majority of the range of motion used was in flexion. Based on range of motion, the least-to-most recommended positions for a male flexion-intolerant patient are mSIDE, mMISS2, mQUAD2, mMISS1, and mQUAD1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Initial recommendations-which include specific coital positions to avoid, movement strategies, and role of the partner-were developed for male patients whose low back pain is exacerbated by specific motions and postures.
  
  
  METHODS
  N/A.
authors.affiliation: From the Spine Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sidorkewicz
authors.forename: Stuart M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: McGill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D003075:Coitus / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D013131:Spine / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult