title: An in vitro and in vivo comparison of solid and liquid-oil cores in transdermal aconitine nanocarriers.
abstract: This study compared transdermal aconitine delivery using solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and microemulsion (ME) vehicles. Aconitine-loaded SLN and ME were formulated with the same surfactant, cosurfactant, and water content, with an equal amount of oil matrix (ATO 888 for SLN and ethyl oleate for ME). These nanosized formulations (70-90 nm) showed suitable pH values and satisfactory skin tissue biocompatibility. SLN contained a higher concentration of smaller nanoparticles, compared with that in ME. Neither of the nanocarriers penetrated across excised skin in their intact form. In vitro transdermal delivery studies found that transdermal aconitine flux was lower from SLN than from ME (p < 0.05), but skin aconitine deposition was higher using SLN (p < 0.05). Fluorescence-activated cell sorting indicated that in vitro uptake of fluorescently labeled SLN by human immortalized keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells was greater than that of ME, indicating that a transcellular pathway may contribute to cutaneous drug absorption more effectively from SLN. In vivo studies found that these formulations could loosen stratum corneum layers and increase skin surface crannies, which may also enhance transdermal aconitine delivery. SLN produced a more sustained aconitine release, indicating that compared with ME, this transdermal delivery vehicle may reduce the toxicity of this drug.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Tai
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors.forename: Zhong-Hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors.forename: Ji-Hui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors.forename: Bei-Ni
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China. Electronic address: npfeng@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Nian-Ping
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000157:Aconitine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D002460:Cell Line; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008812:Mice, Hairless; D053758:Nanoparticles; D009829:Oleic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D010539:Permeability; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical; D013997:Time Factors; D057968:Transdermal Patch; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D005227:Fatty Acids; D009829:Oleic Acids; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014867:Water; C086409:glyceryl behenate; D000157:Aconitine; C033180:ethyl oleate
keywords: absorption enhancer; cell culture; controlled release and delivery; microemulsion; nanotechnology; permeability; solid lipid nanoparticle; transdermal