title: Acute effects of raisin consumption on glucose and insulin reponses in healthy individuals.
abstract: Raisins are popular snacks with a favourable nutrient profile, being high in dietary fibre, polyphenols and a number of vitamins and minerals, in addition to being rich in fructose. In light of evidence demonstrating improvements in glycaemic control with moderate fructose intake and low-glycaemic index (GI) fruits, our aim was to determine the GI, insulin index (II) and postprandial responses to raisins in an acute feeding setting. A total of ten healthy participants (four male and six female) consumed breakfast study meals on four occasions over a 2- to 8-week period: meal 1: white bread (WB) (108 g WB; 50 g available carbohydrate) served as the control and was consumed on two separate occasions; meal 2: raisins (R50) (69 g raisins; 50 g available carbohydrate); and meal 3: raisins (R20) (one serving, 28 g raisins; 20 g available carbohydrate). Postprandial glucose and insulin were measured over a 2 h period for the determination of GI, glycaemic load (GL) and II. The raisin meals, R50 and R20, resulted in significantly reduced postprandial glucose and insulin responses when compared with WB (P < 0·05). Furthermore, raisins were determined to be low-GI, -GL and -II foods. The favourable effect of raisins on postprandial glycaemic response, their insulin-sparing effect and low GI combined with their other metabolic benefits may indicate that raisins are a healthy choice not only for the general population but also for individuals with diabetes or insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, New York Medical College , Valhalla, NY , USA ; Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center , St Michael's Hospital , Toronto, ON , Canada ; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada.
authors.forename: Amin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esfahani
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, New York Medical College , Valhalla, NY , USA.
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.affiliation: Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center , St Michael's Hospital , Toronto, ON , Canada ; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada ; College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK , Canada.
authors.forename: Cyril W C
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Kendall
keywords: Dried fruit; GI, glycaemic index; GL, glycaemic load; Glycaemic index; Glycaemic load; R20, raisins (20 g available carbohydrate); R50, raisins (50 g available carbohydrate); Raisins; WB, white bread; iAUC, incremental AUC