title: Long-term outcomes of 3 surgical adjuvants used for internal limiting membrane peeling in idiopathic macular hole surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Indocyanine green (ICG), an adjuvant used for peeling of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) during vitreous surgery for idiopathic macular hole (MH), has been reported to be toxic, possibly affecting postoperative visual acuity. We compared the long-term outcomes (within 2 years) of brilliant blue G (BBG), ICG, and triamcinolone acetonide (TA).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study involved 97 eyes of 94 patients who underwent vitreous surgery for MH at the Yamagata University Hospital between June 2002 and November 2010. The surgical adjuvants used were BBG for 15 eyes, ICG for 61 eyes, and TA for 21 eyes. We compared the postoperative visual acuities, initial closure rates, final closure rates, and complications of the 3 groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all 3 groups, the visual acuity significantly improved after surgery. The magnitude of the improvement at 2 years after surgery was significantly better in the BBG group than in the ICG group (Mann-Whitney test, P = 0.020). The postoperative visual acuity did not significantly differ between the BBG and TA groups (P = 0.627) or between the ICG and TA groups (P =0 .137). Thus, the surgery using BBG resulted in a significantly better outcome in visual acuity than did the surgery using ICG. The 3 groups did not differ in initial or final closure rates or in incidence of complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Analysis of the long-term outcomes of vitreous surgeries provided evidence that BBG is a useful adjuvant for ILM peeling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan, m.noriko@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.forename: Teiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Enaida
authors.forename: Tatsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamashita
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000473:pathology*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D014821:Vitrectomy
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide; D007208:Indocyanine Green; C004692:coomassie Brilliant Blue