title: Primary lung cancer coexisting with active pulmonary tuberculosis.
abstract: METHODS
  Lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) comorbidity is a clinical problem that presents a challenge for the diagnosis and treatment of both diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the clinical and survival characteristics of cases with both lung cancer and active pulmonary TB.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2008 to 2013, 3350 TB patients admitted to the TB Department of the Chest Diseases Hospital of Izmir, Turkey, were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 38 (1.1%) male patients, lung cancer and TB were found to coexist. Almost all of the patients were diagnosed at Stage III (n = 14, 36.8%) or IV (n = 17, 44.7%) lung cancer, whereas four (10.6%) had Stage II and three (7.9%) had Stage I disease. Squamous cell lung cancer was the predominant histology (n = 23, 60.7%). The median overall survival among patients was 13.4 months (95%CI 8.09-18.8). One-year survival rates for patients with Stages I, II, III and IV were respectively 100%, 75%, 57% and 40%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrates that lung cancer combined with active pulmonary TB most frequently presents as squamous cell carcinoma, with a male predominance. The overall survival of lung cancer patients did not change even with concomitant active TB.
authors.affiliation: Chest Diseases Clinic, Izmir Dr Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Varol
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology Clinic, Izmir Katip Celebi University Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Varol
authors.affiliation: Chest Diseases Clinic, Izmir Dr Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Unlu
authors.affiliation: Chest Diseases Clinic, Izmir Dr Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kayaalp
authors.affiliation: Chest Diseases Clinic, Izmir Dr Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ayranci
authors.affiliation: Chest Diseases Clinic, Izmir Dr Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Dereli
authors.affiliation: Chest Diseases Clinic, Izmir Dr Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: S Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Guclu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology