title: Influence of various chlorine additives on the partitioning of heavy metals during low-temperature two-stage fluidized bed incineration.
abstract: In this study, a pilot-scale low-temperature two-stage fluidized bed incinerator was evaluated for the control of heavy metal emissions using various chlorine (Cl) additives. Artificial waste containing heavy metals was selected to simulate municipal solid waste (MSW). Operating parameters considered included the first-stage combustion temperature, gas velocity, and different kinds of Cl additives. Results showed that the low-temperature two-stage fluidized bed reactor can be an effective system for the treatment of MSW because of its low NO(x), CO, HCl, and heavy metal emissions. The NO(x) and HCl emissions could be decreased by 42% and 70%, respectively. Further, the results showed that heavy metal emissions were reduced by bed material adsorption and filtration in the second stage. Regarding the Cl addition, although the Cl addition would reduce the metal capture in the first-stage sand bed, but those emitted metals could be effectively captured by the filtration of second stage. No matter choose what kind of additive, metal emissions in the low-temperature two-stage system are still lower than in a traditional high-temperature one-stage system. The results also showed that metal emissions depend not only on the combustion temperature but also on the physicochemical properties of the different metal species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Tzu-Huan
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: cllin0407@nuk.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chiou-Liang
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control; D002713:Chlorine / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D017745:Incineration / Q000379:methods*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D002713:Chlorine
keywords: Chlorine; Fluidized bed combustion; Heavy metals; Low-temperature two-stage; Waste treatment