title: Exploiting the architecture and the features of the microsporidian genomes to investigate diversity and impact of these parasites on ecosystems.
abstract: Fungal species play extremely important roles in ecosystems. Clustered at the base of the fungal kingdom are Microsporidia, a group of obligate intracellular eukaryotes infecting multiple animal lineages. Because of their large host spectrum and their implications in host population regulation, they influence food webs, and accordingly, ecosystem structure and function. Unfortunately, their ecological role is not well understood. Present also as highly resistant spores in the environment, their characterisation requires special attention. Different techniques based on direct isolation and/or molecular approaches can be considered to elucidate their role in the ecosystems, but integrating environmental and genomic data (for example, genome architecture, core genome, transcriptional and translational signals) is crucial to better understand the diversity and adaptive capacities of Microsporidia. Here, we review the current status of Microsporidia in trophic networks; the various genomics tools that could be used to ensure identification and evaluate diversity and abundance of these organisms; and how these tools could be used to explore the microsporidian life cycle in different environments. Our understanding of the evolution of these widespread parasites is currently impaired by limited sampling, and we have no doubt witnessed but a small subset of their diversity.
authors.affiliation: Genomics, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 4678 CIDAM, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Peyretaillade
authors.affiliation: Genomics, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 4678 CIDAM, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Boucher
authors.affiliation: 1] Genomics, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 4678 CIDAM, Clermont-Ferrand, France [2] CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, Aubière, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Parisot
authors.affiliation: Genomics, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 4678 CIDAM, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gasc
authors.affiliation: Illinois Institute of Technology, BCHS Biology Division, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.affiliation: Illinois Institute of Technology, BCHS Biology Division, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: J-F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Pombert
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lerat
authors.affiliation: Genomics, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 4678 CIDAM, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peyret
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D017753:Ecosystem; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D023281:Genomics; D007313:Insecta / Q000382:microbiology; D016814:Microsporidia / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements