title: Low-level laser therapy on skeletal muscle inflammation: evaluation of irradiation parameters.
abstract: We evaluated the effect of different irradiation parameters in low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for treating inflammation induced in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats through cytokines concentration in systemic blood and analysis of muscle tissue. We used continuous (830 and 980 nm) and pulsed illuminations (830 nm). Animals were divided into five groups per wavelength (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mW), and a control group. LLLT was applied during 5 days with a constant irradiation time and area. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-6 cytokines were quantified by ELISA. Inflammatory cells were counted using microscopy. Identical methodology was used with pulsed illumination. Average power (40 mW) and duty cycle were kept constant (80%) at five frequencies (5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 Hz). For continuous irradiation, treatment effects occurred for all doses, with a reduction of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 cytokines and inflammatory cells. Continuous irradiation at 830 nm was more effective, a result explained by the action spectrum of cytochrome c oxidase (CCO). Best results were obtained for 40 mW, with data suggesting a biphasic dose response. Pulsed wave irradiation was only effective for higher frequencies, a result that might be related to the rate constants of the CCO internal electron transfer process.
authors.affiliation: University of Coimbra, Instrumentation Center, Department of Physics, Coimbra 3004-516, PortugalbIBILI-Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, Azinhaga de Santa Comba-Celas, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal.
authors.forename: Matías
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mantineo
authors.affiliation: University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de Santa Comba-Celas, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal.
authors.forename: João P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.affiliation: University of Coimbra, Instrumentation Center, Department of Physics, Coimbra 3004-516, PortugalbIBILI-Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, Azinhaga de Santa Comba-Celas, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal.
authors.forename: António M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Morgado
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000528:radiation effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines