title: Performance catalytic ozonation over the carbosieve in the removal of toluene from waste air stream.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Toluene is a volatile organic compound, one of 189 hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) and the most important pollutant found in most industries and indoor environments; owing to its adverse health, toluene must be treated before being released into the environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this research study, a continuous-flow system (including an air compressor, silica gel filters and activated charcoal, impinger, an ozone generation and a fixed bed reactor packed with the carbosieve in size 1.8-2.3 mm, specific surface: 972 m2/g,) was used. This glass reactor was 0.7 m in height; at a distance of 0.2 m from its bottom, a mesh plane was installed so as to hold the adsorbent. Moreover, 3 l/min oxygen passed through this system, 0.43 g/h ozone was prepared. The flow rate of waste airstream was 300 ml/min. The efficiency of this system for removal of toluene was compared under the same experimental conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Under similar conditions, performance of catalytic ozonation was better in toluene removal than that of ozonation and carbosieve alone. On average, increasing the removal efficiency was 45% at all concentrations. When carbosieve and ozone come together, their synergistic effects increased on toluene degradation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Catalytic ozonation is a suitable, high-efficient and available method for removing toluene from various concentrations of waste air stream. This process due to the short contact time, low energy consuming and making use of cheap catalysts can be used as a novel process for removing various concentrations of volatile organic compounds.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Health Sciences and Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Samarghandi
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Health Sciences and Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Alireza
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Babaee
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmadian
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Health Sciences and Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Ghorban
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Asgari
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Farshid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ghorbani Shahna
authors.affiliation: Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. apoormohammadi000@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poormohammadi
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002384:Catalysis; D002606:Charcoal / Q000008:administration & dosage; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D005374:Filtration / Q000379:methods; D010126:Ozone / Q000737:chemistry*; D014050:Toluene / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D002606:Charcoal; D014050:Toluene; D010126:Ozone
keywords: Carbosieve; Catalytic Ozonation; Toluene; Volatile Organic Compounds