title: Identification and occurrence of analogues of dechlorane 604 in Lake Ontario sediment and their accumulation in fish.
abstract: The dechlorane family of flame retardants, which includes Mirex (also known as Dechlorane), Dechlorane Plus (DP), and Dechloranes (Dec) 602, 603, and 604, were manufactured at a facility along the Niagara River, upstream of Lake Ontario. Some of these compounds remain in use. In a previous study, we found Mirex and Dec602 to have greater bioaccumulation potentials than Dec604 and DP based on calculated biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs). In this study, analogues of Dec604, containing fewer bromines and mixed substitutions of bromine and chlorine, were identified in Lake Ontario sediment and fish using high and ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometric techniques. The tribromo-Dec604 (Br3Dec604) analogue, known as Dechlorane 604 Component B (Dec604 CB), was present in lake trout and whitefish at concentrations of 10-60 ng/g lipid weight, approximately 50-200 times greater than concentrations measured for Dec604. In addition, BrDec604 and Br2Dec604 analogues, and mixed Br2Cl2Dec604, Br3ClDec604, Br2ClDec604, and BrCl2Dec604 analogues were also present. We have shown that solutions of Dec604 and Dec604 CB exposed to UV-light undergo photodebromination and give rise to the analogues found in sediment and fish. Dec604 CB and other lesser halogenated analogues of Dec604 show greater bioaccumulation potentials than Dec604, Dec602 and DP, based on BSAFs, which highlight the need to consider likely impurities and degradation products in the assessment of persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Brock University , 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, Ontario Canada L2S 3A1.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Karl J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Jobst
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Reiner
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Helm
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McCrindle
authors.forename: Vince Y
authors.initials: VY
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: Chris H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Marvin
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Backus
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: MacPherson
authors.forename: Ian D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Brindle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D060106:Lakes; D008917:Mirex / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D009864:Ontario; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D012487:Salmonidae; D014337:Trout; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005411:Flame Retardants; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C556733:dechlorane 602; C556738:dechlorane 604; D008917:Mirex