title: Association of small dense lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol in type 2 diabetics with coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) increases two- to fourfold in diabetes. Small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) particles have been linked to an increased risk for CAD. In this study, we sought to compare the sdLDL cholesterol (sdLDL-C) level between the healthy control group and diabetics with CAD in the Taiwanese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum specimens were collected from healthy females and males of various age groups (n = 294), type 2 diabetics (DM) without complications (n = 113), and patients having DM with CAD (DM-CAD) (n = 46). The commercial kit was used for the measurement of sdLDL-C level, which employs a simpler method. After heparin-magnesium precipitation of lipoproteins with density <1.044 g/ml, sdLDL (density = 1.044-1.063 g/ml) remained in the supernatant and this sdLDL-C was measured using an automated chemistry analyzer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sdLDL-C level was significantly higher in males than in females (p < 0.001) and there was an age effect on sdLDL-C (p < 0.001). The DM-CAD group had significantly higher sdLDL-C levels than the healthy control group (p < 0.001), but there was no statistical difference in the LDL-C level between DM-CAD group and the healthy control group. In addition, only individuals having both high LDL-C and sdLDL-C levels had a higher risk for DM-CAD, compared to those with low LDL-C levels and low sdLDL-C levels [Odds Ratio (OR) 4.97; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.96-12.57; p = 0.001].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that the sdLDL-C level together with the LDL-C level are better risk assessment markers for type 2 diabetics with CAD than the LDL-C level alone.
authors.forename: Ya-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Pi-Yueh
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jawl-Shan
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan; Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Guang University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiao-Chen
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Ning
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000378:metabolism; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D008074:Lipoproteins; C030104:lipoprotein cholesterol; D002784:Cholesterol