title: Pain and rehabilitation problems after single-event multilevel surgery including bony foot surgery in cerebral palsy. A series of 7 children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Surgical correction of foot deformities as part of single-event multilevel surgery (SEMLS) to optimize postoperative training is sometimes indicated in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy. We have, however, experienced excessive postoperative pain and rehabilitation problems in a number of these patients. We therefore investigated children who underwent such procedures regarding postoperative rehabilitation and pain, gait parameters 1 year after surgery, and mobility 5 years after surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  9 children with diplegic cerebral palsy who had also undergone bony foot surgery were identified from a cohort of 70 children treated with SEMLS according to a standardized protocol. 2 children were excluded due to mental retardation and atypical surgery, and 7 patients (4 of them boys) were included. The children and their parents underwent a semi-structured interview on average 5 (3-7) years after the surgery. Gait parameters preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  5 children had experienced regional pain syndrome and considerable sociopsychological problems during the first postoperative year. 5 years after surgery, 4 of the 5 children still had hypersensitive and painful feet, 2 had lost their ability to walk, 1 child was no longer self-reliant in daily care, and 3 were wheelchair bound. There were, however, no clinically significant differences in functional mobility scale (FMS) or gait parameters preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found troublesome postoperative rehabilitation and poor outcomes in this series of children who had undergone simultaneous multilevel surgeries and bony foot corrections. Caution is warranted when treating marginally ambulatory children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy and foot deformities.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Department.
authors.forename: Per Reidar
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Høiness
authors.forename: Hilde
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Capjon
authors.forename: Bjørn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lofterød
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D020918:Complex Regional Pain Syndromes / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005260:Female; D005529:Foot Bones / Q000601:surgery*; D005532:Foot Deformities, Congenital / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery*; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome