title: Transcriptome profiling reveals mosaic genomic origins of modern cultivated barley.
abstract: The domestication of cultivated barley has been used as a model system for studying the origins and early spread of agrarian culture. Our previous results indicated that the Tibetan Plateau and its vicinity is one of the centers of domestication of cultivated barley. Here we reveal multiple origins of domesticated barley using transcriptome profiling of cultivated and wild-barley genotypes. Approximately 48-Gb of clean transcript sequences in 12 Hordeum spontaneum and 9 Hordeum vulgare accessions were generated. We reported 12,530 de novo assembled transcripts in all of the 21 samples. Population structure analysis showed that Tibetan hulless barley (qingke) might have existed in the early stage of domestication. Based on the large number of unique genomic regions showing the similarity between cultivated and wild-barley groups, we propose that the genomic origin of modern cultivated barley is derived from wild-barley genotypes in the Fertile Crescent (mainly in chromosomes 1H, 2H, and 3H) and Tibet (mainly in chromosomes 4H, 5H, 6H, and 7H). This study indicates that the domestication of barley may have occurred over time in geographically distinct regions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia;
authors.forename: Zhong-Hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
authors.forename: Xiaolei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
authors.forename: Zefeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
authors.forename: Gulei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
authors.forename: Dezhi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
authors.forename: Shengguan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan; and.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
authors.forename: Feibo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel nevo@research.haifa.ac.il zhanggp@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Eviatar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nevo
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; nevo@research.haifa.ac.il zhanggp@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guoping
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018745:Genome, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D001467:Hordeum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development*; D054643:INDEL Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009030:Mosaicism; D010802:Phylogeny; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D011157:Population Dynamics; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D013223:Statistics as Topic
keywords: RNA-Seq; evolution; genetic diversity; genomic similarity; single nucleotide variants