title: Relationship between orthodontic treatment and gingival health: A retrospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the relationship between orthodontic treatment and gingival health.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 251 patients among whom 177 were girls and 74 were boys, recruited from the records pool of the Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Gazi, were included in the study. Patients' treatments have been completed by postgraduate students during the period between 2006 and 2012. Patients' folders were analyzed according to their age, treatment time, and the type of orthodontic treatment. Intra-oral photographs were analyzed, and the presence or absence of visible plaque, visible inflammation, and gingival recession were recorded, and incisor inclinations analyzed on lateral cephalometric films, before and after orthodontic treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant difference was found in patients treated with functional appliances before and after treatment. In patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances, visible plaque, visible inflammation, and gingival recession showed significant increases after treatment, gingival biotype did not show any significant difference. Positive correlation was found between lower incisor position and gingival recession in patients treated with fixed appliance and extraction. And also cuspids were the teeth with the highest prevalence of gingival recession.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering the relationship between orthodontic treatment and gingival health, cooperation among patients, orthodontists, and periodontists is important.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkiye.
authors.forename: Fatma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boke
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkiye.
authors.forename: Cagri
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gazioglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkiye.
authors.forename: Sevil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akkaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkiye.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akkaya
keywords: Gingival health; gingival recession; incisor inclination; orthodontic tooth movement; orthodontic treatment