title: Effects of a yeast-dried milk product in creep and phase-1 nursery diets on growth performance, circulating immunoglobulin A, and fecal microbiota of nursing and nursery pigs.
abstract: Four experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of yeast-dried milk (YDM) product in creep and phase-1 nursery diets. In Exp. 1, 24 parity-4 litters were allotted to 3 dietary treatments (8 litters/treatment) including no creep (NC), control creep (CTL), and experimental creep (EC; 10% YDM). Creep diets were fed twice daily from d 7 after birth until weaning (23.6 ± 1.8 d). In Exp. 2, 108 weaned pigs were selected based on mean BW of pigs from the respective treatments in Exp. 1. For phase 1 (d 0 to 7 postweaning) of Exp. 2, NC and CTL pigs were fed the CTL diet and EC pigs continued to receive the EC diet. For phase 2 and 3 (d 7 to 28 postweaning) of Exp. 2, all pigs received a common diet containing antibiotics. Blood and fecal samples were collected on d 0, 7, 14, and 21 postweaning to evaluate serum IgA and fecal microbiota. In Exp. 1, pigs fed EC and CTL tended to have greater (P < 0.10) weaning BW compared with NC pigs. Pigs fed EC had greater (P < 0.05) ADFI compared with CTL pigs. In Exp. 2, pigs fed EC tended to have greater BW (P < 0.10) and greater ADG (P < 0.05) and ADFI (P < 0.01) compared with CTL and NC pigs (d 0 to 28). For serum IgA, EC and CTL pigs tended (P < 0.10) to have greater IgA compared with NC pigs. For microbial data, EC pigs had greater (P < 0.01) microbial diversity compared with CTL (d 7 postweaning). On d 7 and 21 postweaning, microbial similarity decreased (P < 0.01) in pigs fed EC compared with NC and CTL. Overall (d 0 to 14), lactobacilli gene copy numbers tended (P < 0.10) to be greater in EC (7.3 log10) compared with NC pigs (6.9 log10). In Exp. 3, 23 parity-1 litters were allotted to 3 dietary treatments as described for Exp. 1. In Exp. 4, 108 weaned pigs were selected based on mean BW of all pigs from Exp. 3 and dietary treatments were the same as described for Exp. 2 except no antibiotic was included in phase-2 diet. In Exp. 3, there were no treatment effects on litter ADFI, ADG, and serum IgA, but a tendency (P < 0.10) for lower Lactobacillus reuteri in the CTL (5.1 log10) compared with NC pigs (5.6 log10) was observed. Overall (d 0 to 21) in Exp. 4, pigs fed EC had greater ADG (P < 0.01) and G:F (P < 0.05) and tended to exhibit greater ADFI (P < 0.10) compared with the CTL. For microbial data, pigs fed CTL (4.8 log10) and EC (4.8 log10) had lower (P < 0.01) fecal Lactobacillus johnsonii compared with NC (5.2 log10). Microbial ecology and immune parameters are affected by YDM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Bundy
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science.
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Hinkle
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583-0908.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science.
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Burkey
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science pmiller1@unl.edu.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005248:Feeding Methods / Q000662:veterinary; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood; D064307:Microbiota; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism*; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D013552:Swine; D015002:Yeast, Dried / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007070:Immunoglobulin A
keywords: creep feeding; microbiota; pigs; yeast