title: Insulin detemir causes lesser weight gain in comparison to insulin glargine: role on hypothalamic NPY and galanin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Compared with other insulin analogues, insulin detemir induces less weight gain. This study investigated whether this effect was achieved by influencing the hypothalamic appetite regulators neuropeptide Y (NPY) and galanin (GAL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Type  2 diabetic rat models were established with a high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of STZ. All rats were divided into NC, DM, DM+DE and DM+GLA groups. Glycemic levels of all study groups were checked at study onset and after 4 weeks of insulin treatment. Food intake and body weight were monitored during treatment. After 4 weeks, the hypothalamus of rats was examined for NPY and GAL mRNA and protein expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 4 weeks of treatment, compared with the DM+GLA group, the DM+DE group exhibited less food intake (P < 0.05) and less weight gain (P < 0.05), but showed similar glycemic control. The expression of hypothalamic NPY and GAL at both mRNA and protein level were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the DM+DE group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insulin detemir decreased food intake in type 2 diabetic rats, which led to reduced weight gain when compared to insulin glargine treatment. This effect is likely due to downregulation of hypothalamic NPY and GAL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.
authors.forename: Mohammad Ishraq
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Zafar
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.
authors.forename: Cuining
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.
authors.forename: Danfeng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Raja Adeel
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Shafqat
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D019004:Galanin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D000069057:Insulin Detemir; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009478:Neuropeptide Y / Q000378:metabolism*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013311:Streptozocin; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; C489169:Gal protein, rat; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D009478:Neuropeptide Y; D011498:Protein Precursors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D000069057:Insulin Detemir; D013311:Streptozocin; D019004:Galanin