title: Periodontal findings in individuals with newly identified pre-diabetes or diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the periodontal status and number of missing teeth in patients with newly identified pre-diabetes or diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1097 subjects with previously undiagnosed diabetes were available for study, and were categorized into normoglycaemic, potentially pre-diabetes or potentially diabetes groups based on a point-of-care (POC) HbA1c test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In fully adjusted models, significant differences were observed between all groups for the per cent of teeth with at least one site with a probing depth of ≥5 mm. For bleeding on probing, there were significant differences between diabetes and pre-diabetes (p = 0.001), and between diabetes and normoglycaemic groups (p = 0.002). For missing teeth, there were significant differences between the pre-diabetes and normoglycaemic groups (p = 0.034), and the diabetes and normoglycaemic groups (p = 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individuals with previously unidentified pre-diabetes demonstrate a level of periodontal destruction between that observed for normoglycaemic individuals and persons with diabetes. These data emphasize the association of oral findings to dysglycaemia, and suggest that periodontal disease and tooth loss can be early complications of diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy and Management, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA; Section of Oral and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Periodontics, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Ira B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Lamster
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Burkett
authors.forename: Evanthia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lalla
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001213:Asian; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000145:classification; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000150:complications; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000145:classification; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016388:Tooth Loss / Q000145:classification; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin
keywords: diabetes mellitus; periodontal disease; pre-diabetes; tooth loss