title: Unilateral NMR investigation of multifunctional treatments on stones based on colloidal inorganic and organic nanoparticles.
abstract: Consolidation and protection are among the most important treatments usually carried out in conservation of stone artifacts and monuments. In this paper, portable unilateral NMR and conventional techniques were used for investigating new multifunctional treatments based on tetraethoxysilane, silica, and polytetrafluoroethylene nanoparticles. The study was carried out on a very complex and heterogeneous porous stone such as tuff. NMR study allowed to obtain detailed information on the penetration depth of treatments, the hydrophobic effect, and changes in the open porosity caused by treatments. Physical and chemical inhomogeneities between the impregnated layers of tuff and the layers underneath were also detected. The average pores radius and pores interconnection obtained from NMR diffusion measurements were used for the first time to compare effects of different consolidating and/or protective treatments on stone. Because unilateral NMR technique is neither destructive nor invasive, investigation of treatments can be also carried out and optimized directly on buildings and monuments of interest for Cultural Heritage.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Risonanza Magnetica 'Annalaura Segre', Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IMC-CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria km 29,300, 00015, Monterotondo (Roma), Italy.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Di Tullio
authors.forename: Mariacristina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cocca
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Avolio
authors.forename: Gennaro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gentile
authors.forename: Noemi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Proietti
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ragni
authors.forename: Maria Emanuela
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Errico
authors.forename: Donatella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Capitani
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Avella
mesh_terms: D003102:Colloids; D004058:Diffusion; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D053758:Nanoparticles; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D016062:Porosity; D012821:Silanes; D012822:Silicon Dioxide
chemical_list: D003102:Colloids; D012821:Silanes; C040733:tetraethoxysilane; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene
keywords: consolidation; nanoparticles; stone; unilateral NMR