title: Evaluation of a simplified augmented reality device for ultrasound-guided vascular access in a vascular phantom.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether a novel ultrasound device may be used with a simplified augmented reality technique, and to compare this device with conventional techniques during vascular access using a vascular phantom.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine departments of a university-affiliated hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 physicians with no experience with ultrasound-guided techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  All participants performed the vascular access technique on the vascular phantom model using both a conventional device and the new ultrasound device. Time and the number of redirections of the needle until aspiration of dye into a vessel of the vascular phantom were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median/interquartile range of time was 39.5/41.7 seconds versus 18.6/10.0 seconds (P < 0.001) and number of redirections was 3/3.5 versus 1/0 (P < 0.001) for the conventional and novel ultrasound devices, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During vascular access in a vascular phantom model, the novel device decreased the time and the number of redirections significantly. The device successfully improved the efficiency of the ultrasound-guided vascular access technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jeonyunseok@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yunseok
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 156-707, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seungpyo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Heechan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000193:education; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000379:methods*; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000379:methods*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D009339:Needles; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D014584:User-Computer Interface
keywords: Augmented reality; Ultrasonography; Vascular access; Virtual reality