title: Emergence of pathogenic coronaviruses in cats by homologous recombination between feline and canine coronaviruses.
abstract: Type II feline coronavirus (FCoV) emerged via double recombination between type I FCoV and type II canine coronavirus (CCoV). In this study, two type I FCoVs, three type II FCoVs and ten type II CCoVs were genetically compared. The results showed that three Japanese type II FCoVs, M91-267, KUK-H/L and Tokyo/cat/130627, also emerged by homologous recombination between type I FCoV and type II CCoV and their parent viruses were genetically different from one another. In addition, the 3'-terminal recombination sites of M91-267, KUK-H/L and Tokyo/cat/130627 were different from one another within the genes encoding membrane and spike proteins, and the 5'-terminal recombination sites were also located at different regions of ORF1. These results indicate that at least three Japanese type II FCoVs emerged independently. Sera from a cat experimentally infected with type I FCoV was unable to neutralize type II CCoV infection, indicating that cats persistently infected with type I FCoV may be superinfected with type II CCoV. Our previous study reported that few Japanese cats have antibody against type II FCoV. All of these observations suggest that type II FCoV emerged inside the cat body and is unable to readily spread among cats, indicating that these recombination events for emergence of pathogenic coronaviruses occur frequently.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobutaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: Keita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryusei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kuwata
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimoda
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Marupi Lifetech Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Takehisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Soma
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maeda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D002415:Cats; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D017939:Coronavirus, Canine / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D016765:Coronavirus, Feline / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D004285:Dogs; D005814:Genes, Viral; D059765:Homologous Recombination; D007564:Japan; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D016865:Reassortant Viruses / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004279:DNA, Viral