title: Lessons from the profile of kidney diseases among Afghan refugees.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Due to a paucity of research on the profile of kidney diseases among refugee populations, specifically Afghan refugees in Iran, this study aimed to illustrate the pattern of kidney disease among Afghan refugees in Iran and create a database for evaluating the performance of future health services.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective cross sectional study, in which we collected the demographics and profile of kidney diseases among Afghan refugees between 2005 and 2010 from referrals to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) offices in Iran.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total number of referrals in this group of diseases was 3193 out of 23 152 with 41.5% female and 58.5% male. Regarding age distribution, 10.5% were 0-14 years of age, 78% were 15-59, and 11.5% were ≥60. The most common health referral for females and males (0-14) was end-stage renal disease (ESRD), accounting for 34.6%. This was also the main reason of referrals for females and males aged 15-59, accounting for 73.5% and 66.6%, respectively, and in both sexes in the ≥60 age range it was 63.1%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pattern of our renal clinic referrals may gradually change to ESRD, which is associated with a huge economic burden. The need to provide health insurance to everyone or reform the health care system to provide coverage for more of the population can be justified and would improve cost effectiveness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, USA.
authors.forename: Salman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Otoukesh
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, USA.
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mojtahedzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, USA.
authors.forename: Chad J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, East Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, USA.
authors.forename: Ramin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tolouian
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, USA.
authors.forename: Sarmad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Said
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, USA.
authors.forename: Lauro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, USA.
authors.forename: S Claudia
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Didia
authors.affiliation: United Nation High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Behazin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, USA.
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sherzai
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, USA.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Blandon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000346:Afghanistan / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012036:Refugees / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult