title: Expression of Livin and the inhibition of tumor progression by Livin silencing in laryngohypopharyngeal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the expression of Livin in human laryngohypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LHSCC) and investigate whether Livin-knockdown using small interfering-RNA (siRNA) affects tumor aggressiveness in LHSCC cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, cell invasion assay, cell migration assay, and cell apoptosis assays were performed to assess the impact of Livin on cancer cell behavior in human LHSCC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High immunoreactivity of Livin was observed in 22 (36.7%) of the 60 LHSCC tissues relative to adjacent normal mucosa. In the positive-Livin expression group, distant metastasis tended to occur frequently, but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.06). Livin-knockdown by siRNA induced cell apoptosis through activation of caspase 3, caspase 7, and poly ADP ribose polymerase in LHSCC cells. Livin-knockdown also resulted in significantly reduced cell invasion and migration in LHSCC cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  siRNA-mediated silencing of Livin may be associated with the reversal of invasive capacity in LHSCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwanju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Mi
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwanju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sun-Ae
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwanju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Hoon
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwanju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Joon Kyoo
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwanju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Lan
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwanju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Hwa
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwanju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ik-Joo
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwanju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Eun
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwanju, South Korea limsc@chonnam.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sang Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics; D059248:Chemoradiotherapy; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D007012:Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D034622:RNA Interference; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C419866:BIRC7 protein, human; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins
keywords: Livin protein; apoptosis; hypopharyngeal cancer; laryngeal cancer; molecular-targeted therapy; neoplasm invasiveness; tumor progression