title: Stimulation of titanium implant osseointegration through high-frequency vibration loading is enhanced when applied at high acceleration.
abstract: Low-magnitude high-frequency loading, applied by means of whole body vibration (WBV), affects the bone. Deconstructing a WBV loading stimulus into its constituent elements and investigating the effects of frequency and acceleration individually on bone tissue kinetics around titanium implants were aimed for in this study. A titanium implant was inserted in the tibia of 120 rats. The rats were divided into 1 control group (no loading) and 5 test groups with low (L), medium (M) or high (H) frequency ranges and accelerations [12-30 Hz at 0.3×g (F(L)A(H)); 70-90 Hz at 0.075×g (F(M)A(M)); 70-90 Hz at 0.3×g (F(M)A(H)); 130-150 Hz at 0.043×g (F(H)A(L)); 130-150 Hz at 0.3×g (F H A H)]. WBV was applied for 1 or 4 weeks. Implant osseointegration was evaluated by quantitative histology (bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and peri-implant bone formation (BV/TV)). A 2-way ANOVA (duration of experimental period; loading mode) with α = 0.05 was performed. BIC significantly increased over time and under load (p < 0.0001). The highest BICs were found for loading regimes at high acceleration with medium or high frequency (F(M)A(H) and F(H)A(H)), and significantly differing from F(L)A(H) and F(M)A(M) (p < 0.02 and p < 0.005 respectively). BV/TV significantly decreased over time (p < 0.0001). Loading led to a site-specific BV/TV increase (p < 0.001). The highest BV/TV responses were found for F(M)A(H) and F(H)A(H), significantly differing from F(M)A(M) (p < 0.005). The findings reveal the potential of high-frequency vibration loading to accelerate and enhance implant osseointegration, in particular when applied at high acceleration. Such mechanical signals hold great, though untapped, potential to be used as non-pharmacologic treatment for improving implant osseointegration in compromised bone.
authors.affiliation: BIOMAT KU Leuven, Department of Oral Health Sciences & Dental Clinic, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, P.O. Box 7001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Katleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vandamme
authors.forename: Xiaolei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ignace
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Naert
authors.forename: Tine
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Possemiers
authors.forename: Amol
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaudhari
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Joke
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duyck
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001863:Bone Screws; D008297:Male; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013977:Tibia / Q000601:surgery*; D014025:Titanium; D014732:Vibration / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014025:Titanium