title: Prevention of renal dysfunction by nutraceuticals prepared from oil rich plant foods.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the protective effect of extracts prepared from avocado, walnut, flaxseed and Eruca sativa seeds in a rat model of kidney dysfunction induced by intraperitoneal cisplatin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ethanol and petroleum ether extracts mixture was prepared from each plant. Six groups of rats were conducted; control healthy, cisplatin group and four test groups where rats were given daily oral dose of each extract mixture before cisplatin injection. Different biochemical and cytogenetic parameters and kidney histopathology were determined. Acute toxicity was tested for the nutraceuticals. Total phenolic contents, fatty acids (FA) and unsaponifiable matter were assessed in the extracts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Walnut ethanol extract showed the highest content of total phenolic. FA analysis revealed that all the studied plants were rich in unsaturated FA. Gas-liquid chromatographic investigation of the unsaponifiable matter showed the presence of campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol in all the studied plants. Cisplatin treatment induced significant increase in plasma urea, creatinine and malondialdehyde along with significant reduction of plasma albumin, total protein, catalase and total antioxidant as well as reduction in creatinine clearance. Histopathological examination proved the induction of kidney dysfunction. Some sorts of chromosomal aberration and sperm-shape abnormalities were noticed after cisplatin treatment. Administration of extracts mixtures produced improvements in biochemical, histopathological and cytogenetic parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of the studied nutraceuticals proved to possess protective role against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, chromosomal aberration and abnormal sperms. All studied nutraceuticals showed complete safety.
authors.affiliation: Food Sciences and Nutrition Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Sahar Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Al-Okbi
authors.affiliation: Food Sciences and Nutrition Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Doha A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: Food Sciences and Nutrition Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Thanaa E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Hamed
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Reham Sh
authors.initials: RSh
authors.lastname: Esmail
authors.affiliation: Cytogenetic Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Souria M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Donya
keywords: Cisplatin; Kidney dysfunction; Nutraceutical; Oxidative stress; Rats