title: (1)H-NMR analysis of the human urinary metabolome in response to an 18-month multi-component exercise program and calcium-vitamin-D3 supplementation in older men.
abstract: The musculoskeletal benefits of calcium and vitamin-D3 supplementation and exercise have been extensively studied, but the effect on metabolism remains contentious. Urine samples were analyzed by (1)H-NMR spectroscopy from participants recruited for an 18-month, randomized controlled trial of a multi-component exercise program and calcium and vitamin-D3 fortified milk consumption. It was shown previously that no increase in musculoskeletal composition was observed for participants assigned to the calcium and vitamin-D3 intervention, but exercise resulted in increased bone mineral density, total lean body mass, and muscle strength. Retrospective metabolomics analysis of urine samples from patients involved in this study revealed no distinct changes in the urinary metabolome in response to the calcium and vitamin-D3 intervention, but significant changes followed the exercise intervention, notably a reduction in creatinine and an increase in choline, guanidinoacetate, and hypoxanthine (p < 0.001, fold change > 1.5). These metabolites are intrinsically involved in anaerobic ATP synthesis, intracellular buffering, and methyl-balance regulation. The exercise intervention had a marked effect on the urine metabolome and markers of muscle turnover but none of these metabolites were obvious markers of bone turnover. Measurement of specific urinary exercise biomarkers may provide a basis for monitoring performance and metabolic response to exercise regimes.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medicine, NorthWest Academic Centre, Sunshine Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Furlong Road, St Albans, Victoria, Australia, 3021.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Sheedy
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Gooley
authors.forename: Amsha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nahid
authors.forename: Dedreia L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Tull
authors.forename: Malcolm J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: McConville
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kukuljan
authors.forename: Caryl A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Nowson
authors.forename: Robin M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Ebeling
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000886:Anthropometry; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D055442:Metabolome; D008875:Middle Aged; D008892:Milk; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000187:drug effects; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002762:Cholecalciferol; D003404:Creatinine; D002118:Calcium
keywords: NMR; RMN; biomarker; biomarqueur; bone turnover; exercice physique; exercise; metabolomics; métabolomique; renouvellement osseux; urine