title: Spraying quantum dot conjugates in the colon of live animals enabled rapid and multiplex cancer diagnosis using endoscopy.
abstract: The detection of colon cancer using endoscopy is widely used, but the interpretation of the diagnosis is based on the clinician's naked eye. This is subjective and can lead to false detection. Here we developed a rapid and accurate molecular fluorescence imaging technique using antibody-coated quantum dots (Ab-QDs) sprayed and washed simultaneously on colon tumor tissues inside live animals, subsequently excited and imaged by endoscopy. QDs were conjugated to matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 9, MMP 14, or carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) Abs with zwitterionic surface coating to reduce nonspecific bindings. The Ab-QD probes can diagnose tumors on sectioned mouse tissues, fresh mouse colons stained ex vivo and also in vivo as well as fresh human colon adenoma tissues in 30 min and can be imaged with a depth of 100 μm. The probes successfully detected not only cancers that are readily discernible by bare eyes but also hyperplasia and adenoma regions. Sum and cross signal operations provided postprocessed images that can show complementary information or regions of high priority. This multiplexed quantum dot, spray-and-wash, and endoscopy approach provides a significant advantage for detecting small or flat tumors that may be missed by conventional endoscopic examinations and bestows a strategy for the improvement of cancer diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , San 31, Hyojadong, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, South Korea.
authors.forename: Youngrong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yeon-Mi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Yebin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Taejun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yeonggyeong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.forename: Yeoreum
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Sang Mun
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Joonhyuck
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sekyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Jaeil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eun-Ju
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Do
authors.forename: Sang-Yeob
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Euiheon
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Ki Hean
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sungjee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seung-Jae
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Myung
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D057785:Catheters; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003106:Colon / Q000473:pathology*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D018796:Immunoconjugates / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D045663:Quantum Dots / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018796:Immunoconjugates
keywords: colon cancer; endoscopy; imaging probe; nanoparticle; quantum dot; tumor imaging