title: Feeding deterrent and growth inhibitory activities of PONNEEM, a newly developed phytopesticidal formulation against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the feeding deterrent, growth inhibitory and egg hatchability effects of PONNEEM on Helicoverpa armigera (H. armigera).
  
  
  METHODS
  Five oil formulations were prepared at different ratios to assess the feeding deterrent, growth inhibitory and egg hatchability effects on H. armigera.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Invariably all the newly formulated phytopesticidal oil formulations showed the feeding deterrent and growth inhibitory activities against H. armigera. The maximum feeding deterrent activity of 88.44% was observed at 15 µL/L concentration of PONNEEM followed by formulation A (74.54%). PONNEEM was found to be effective in growth inhibitory activities and egg hatchability at 10 µL/L concentration. It exhibited statistically significant feeding deterrent activity and growth inhibitory activity compared with all the other treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PONNEEM was found to be effective phytopesticidal formulation to control the larval stage of H. armigera. This is the first report for the feeding deterrent activity of PONNEEM against H. armigera. This newly formulated phytopesticide was patented in India.
authors.affiliation: Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Soosaimanickam Maria
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Packiam
authors.affiliation: Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Kathirvelu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baskar
authors.affiliation: Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Savarimuthu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ignacimuthu
keywords: Egg hatchability; Feeding deterrent activity; Growth inhibitory; Helicoverpa armigera; PONNEEM; Phytopesticidal formulation