title: Molecular epidemiology and mapping of tuberculosis in Israel: do migrants transmit the disease to locals?
abstract: METHODS
  Israel receives migrants from various countries, some of which have high tuberculosis (TB) prevalence.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the predominant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Israel isolated during 2008-2010 among Israeli-born and migrant patients, and to investigate possible transmission of TB from migrants to the local population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Molecular characterisation employed 43-spacer spoligotyping and 16-loci mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number of tandem repeats typing. All patients were classified according to those who were members of a cluster and those who were not.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 684 M. tuberculosis strains isolated from new patients genotyped and assigned to their specific cohort populations during the study period, major spoligotype families were Central Asian (CAS) (n = 140, 20%), Beijing (n = 101, 15%) and T (n = 160, 23%). Most Beijing strains (66%) were isolated from patients from the former Soviet Union (FSU), while CAS strains were mainly (74%) from Ethiopia, Eritrea and Sudan (EES). For the heterogeneous T-clade, patient countries of origin were 38% EES and 33% FSU.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Predominant M. tuberculosis genotypes in Israel in 2008-2010 were similar to genotypes endemic to the migrants' countries of origin. Epidemiological investigations did not demonstrate transmission between migrants and Israeli-born patients sharing the same cluster.
authors.affiliation: National Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory, National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goldblatt
authors.affiliation: National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rorman
authors.affiliation: Department of Tuberculosis and AIDS, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chemtob
authors.affiliation: National Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory, National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Freidlin
authors.affiliation: National Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory, National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cedar
authors.affiliation: National Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory, National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaidar-Shwartz
authors.affiliation: National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dveyrin
authors.affiliation: Department of Tuberculosis and AIDS, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mor
mesh_terms: D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D016358:Contact Tracing; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission*