title: Efficacy and safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) performed in patients with Periampullary duodenal diverticula (PAD).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Periampullary diverticula (PAD) are found in 9-32% of patients who undergo endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). PAD are acquired lesions which are rare in patients <40 years, but increasing with age. Several endoscopic studies have revealed an association between PAD and common bile duct (CBD) stones. The presence of a papilla located in the diverticula is also frequent (6.8-54.9%) and represents a restrictive factor for successful cannulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis has been made of data related to the patients with PAD treated at our GI Unit (small center with low case volume), who underwent ERCP in the period 1st January 2010 to 31st March 2014. For each patient were analyzed data regarding sex, age at diagnosis, indication to ERCP, cannulation rate, endoscopic treatment and complications. PAD were classified in 3 different types according to the position of the major papilla.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 647 ERCPs have been performed of which 77 (16.5%) in pts with PAD (48 F, 29 M, mean age: 78.3 years; range: 48-95). PAD type I (inside the diverticulum) were found in 22 pts (28.6 %), Type II (in the margin of the diverticulum or between two PADs) in 36 pts (46.7 %) of which 12 cases between two PADs, type III (near the diverticulm) in 19 pts (24.7 %). The indication for ERCP were: 72 CBD stones (93.5%), 3 cholangiocarcinoma (3.9%) and 2 pancreatic head cancer (2.6%). In cases of difficult cannulation, precut was performed in 12 pts (15.6%). Deep CBD cannulation and endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) was achieved in 70 cases (90.9%). The other 7 case of failure were all in patients with CBD stones. Complete clearance of CBD stones was achieved in 57 patients (87.7%) (57/65 ERCP/ES). Stent placement was necessary in 8 cases (12.3%) (8/65 ERCP/ES), due to multiple large stones. The adverse events related to ERCP/ES included 4 intraprocedural bleeding (5.7%) (4/70 ERCP/ES) and 1 mild pancreatitis (1.4%) (1/70 ERCP/ES), all managed conservatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that ERCP is a safe procedure also in patients with PAD, with a good success rate and low complications.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zippi
authors.affiliation: Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Traversa
authors.affiliation: Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pica
authors.affiliation: Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: De Felici
authors.affiliation: Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cassieri
authors.affiliation: Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marzano
authors.affiliation: Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Occhigrossi
authors.affiliation: Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paoluzi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014670:Ampulla of Vater / Q000601:surgery; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D004240:Diverticulum / Q000601:surgery*; D004378:Duodenal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: endoscopic balloon dilatation (EBD); endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP); mechanical lithotripsy (ML); periampullary diverticula (PAD); post-ERCP complications