title: Rapid detection and high occurrence of porcine rotavirus A, B, and C by RT-qPCR in diagnostic samples.
abstract: Rotaviruses are important cause of diarrhea in animals, including humans. Currently, rotavirus species A, B, C, E, and H (RVA-RVC, RVE, and RVH) have been identified in pigs. Traditionally, RVA has been considered the primary cause of diarrhea in pigs, and RVB and RVC had been described sporadically in pigs until recently. Qualitative porcine RVA, RVB, and RVC RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) assays were designed and 7508 porcine diarrheic samples, submitted to University of Minnesota, were tested to estimate the percentage of RVA, RVB, and RVC over a period of approximately 2 years (from 2009 to 2011). The individual RVA and RVC RT-qPCR assays were multiplex into a single RT-qPCR while the RVB RT-qPCR assay remained as an individual RT-qPCR. In total, 83% of the samples were positive for RVA, RVB, or RVC. As expected, RVA was detected at the highest overall percentage (62%). However, 33% and 53% of the samples were positive for RVB and RVC, respectively, indicating that both RVB and RVC are also epidemiologically important in the swine population. RVC was most predominant in young pigs (1-20 days of age), while RVA and RVB were most predominant in ≥21 day old pigs. As diagnostic tools, the developed RT-qPCR assays could successfully discriminate among infecting RV species, which could lead to better surveillance and epidemiological studies for ultimately better prevention and control strategies.
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Saint Paul, MN, USA. Electronic address: marth027@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marthaler
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota Veterinary Population Medicine, Saint Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Nitipong
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Homwong
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Saint Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rossow
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Saint Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Culhane
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Saint Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Sagar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goyal
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Saint Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jelle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matthijnssens
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research and Development, Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ciarlet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D005838:Genotype; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques / Q000379:methods; D015995:Prevalence; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D014730:Veterinary Medicine / Q000379:methods
keywords: Enteric pathogen; Real time RT-qPCR; Rotavirus A; Rotavirus B; Rotavirus C