title: Phytoremediation of levonorgestrel in aquatic environment by hydrophytes.
abstract: Adsorption and degradation of levonorgestrel (LNG) by two hydrophytes, Cyperus alternifolius (CA) and Eichhornia crassipes (EC), were investigated under light-shielding conditions in the water column. Variations of LNG concentrations in water, plant root epidermis, root, stem and leaf of the plants were analyzed. The results indicated that the removal efficiency of LNG by hydrophytes over the period of 50days was significantly greater than the blank control (p<0.05), with the removal rates of 79.80%±3.10% and 78.86%±2.55% for CA and EC, respectively. Compared with bio-adsorption, bio-conversion of LNG was found to be the dominant elimination pathway, evidenced by relatively high conversion rates (77.31%±2.68% for CA and 77.82%±2.95% for EC), while the adsorption rates were lower (1.77%±0.90% for CA and 1.05%±0.40% for EC). The bio-adsorption and conversion of LNG showed no significant differences between the two hydrophytes. Additionally, the mineralization on root epidermis played an important role in the reduction of LNG in water.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China. Electronic address: liguobj@126.com.
authors.forename: Guo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China. Electronic address: hq0980@126.com.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhi
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
authors.forename: Haiwen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rong
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D029786:Cyperus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D031806:Eichhornia / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D016912:Levonorgestrel
keywords: Degradation; Hormone; Hydrophyte; Levonorgestrel; Phytoremediation