title: Nocturnal snoring sound analysis in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea in the Chinese Han population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Loud snoring is one of the principle symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Snoring sound analysis is a potentially cost-effective, reliable alternative for the diagnosis of OSA. However, no investigation has determined the accuracy of snoring signal analysis for the diagnosis of OSA in the Chinese Han population. Therefore, we investigated whether whole-night snoring detection and analysis aids the diagnosis of OSA using a new snore analysis technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Snoring sounds were recorded using a non-contact microphone and polysomnography (PSG) was performed simultaneously throughout the night. We randomly selected 30 subjects each from four groups based on the severity of OSA. The rhythm and frequency domain of the snoring signal were analyzed based on frequency energy endpoint detection (FEP) and the Earth mover's distance (EMD), for each subject to harvest the EMD-calculated Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHIEMD). Finally, we compared the AHIEMD with the PSG-monitored AHI (AHIPSG).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The accuracy of the AHIEMD compared with the AHIPSG was 96.7, 86.7, 86.7, and 96.7% in non-, mild, moderate, and severe OSA patients, respectively. AHIEMD was correlated with AHIPSG (r(2) = 0.950, p < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values for OSA detection was 0.974, 0.957, and 0.997 for AHIEMD thresholds of 5, 15, and 30 events/h, respectively. Bland-Altman analysis revealed 91.7% agreement of AHIEMD with AHIPSG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This new method for identifying OSA by analyzing snoring is feasible and reliable in the Han population. The snoring sound-based technique appears to be a promising tool for OSA screening and diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
authors.forename: Huajun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Hongliang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Limin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Changheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yuqin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shankai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012913:Snoring / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D055815:Young Adult