title: A galactose-binding lectin isolated from Aplysia kurodai (sea hare) eggs inhibits streptolysin-induced hemolysis.
abstract: A specific galactose-binding lectin was shown to inhibit the hemolytic effect of streptolysin O (SLO), an exotoxin produced by Streptococcus pyogenes. Commercially available lectins that recognize N-acetyllactosamine (ECA), T-antigen (PNA), and Tn-antigen (ABA) agglutinated rabbit erythrocytes, but had no effect on SLO-induced hemolysis. In contrast, SLO-induced hemolysis was inhibited by AKL, a lectin purified from sea hare (Aplysia kurodai) eggs that recognizes α-galactoside oligosaccharides. This inhibitory effect was blocked by the co-presence of d-galactose, which binds to AKL. A possible explanation for these findings is that cholesterol-enriched microdomains containing glycosphingolipids in the erythrocyte membrane become occupied by tightly stacked lectin molecules, blocking the interaction between cholesterol and SLO that would otherwise result in penetration of the membrane. Growth of S. pyogenes was inhibited by lectins from a marine invertebrate (AKL) and a mushroom (ABA), but was promoted by a plant lectin (ECA). Both these inhibitory and promoting effects were blocked by co-presence of galactose in the culture medium. Our findings demonstrate the importance of glycans and lectins in regulating mechanisms of toxicity, creation of pores in the target cell membrane, and bacterial growth.
authors.affiliation: Laboratories of Glycobiology & Marine Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of NanoBio Sciences, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh. hasanimtiaj@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: Imtiaj
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.affiliation: School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan. salty-soybean@kuh.biglobe.ne.jp.
authors.forename: Miharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan. ishizaki@azabu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishizaki
authors.affiliation: School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan. y-konishi@azabu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugita-Konishi
authors.affiliation: School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan. yasushi@azabu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.affiliation: School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan. suzukij@azabu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan. dogasaki@azabu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Chikaku
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dogasaki
authors.affiliation: Laboratories of Glycobiology & Marine Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of NanoBio Sciences, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan. rajia_bio@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Sultana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajia
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh. akawsarabe@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Sarkar M A
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kawsar
authors.affiliation: Laboratories of Glycobiology & Marine Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of NanoBio Sciences, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan. yasukoide04@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koide
authors.affiliation: Laboratories of Glycobiology & Marine Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of NanoBio Sciences, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan. kanaly@yokohama-cu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kanaly
authors.affiliation: Division of Cell Recognition Study, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan. ssuga@tohoku-pharm.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.affiliation: Division of Cell Recognition Study, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan. mhosono@tohoku-pharm.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosono
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan. yogawa@niu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan. yfujii@niu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, 7-10-2, Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe 654-0142, Japan. iriko@koala.kobe-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iriko
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan. jhamako@fujita-hu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Jiharu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hamako
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan. tmatsui@fujita-hu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Taei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.affiliation: Laboratories of Glycobiology & Marine Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of NanoBio Sciences, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan. ozeki@yokohama-cu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ozeki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D001048:Aplysia / Q000737:chemistry*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D037161:Galectins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053878:Hemolytic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010063:Ovum / Q000737:chemistry; D011817:Rabbits; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000187:drug effects; D013301:Streptolysins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D037161:Galectins; D053878:Hemolytic Agents; D013301:Streptolysins; C025964:streptolysin O