title: Prevalence and correlates of cigarette smoking among patients with schizophrenia in southeast Nigeria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking among patients with schizophrenia and to explore their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional descriptive study of 367 patients with schizophrenia. Instruments administered included sociodemographic questionnaire, Present State Examination: schizophrenia section to confirm schizophrenia diagnosis and Present State Examination: tobacco section to those that smoked.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 189 females (51.5%) and 178 (48.5%) males were studied. The mean age of the participants was 34.1 ± 9.94 years. Two hundred and forty-one (65.7%) had never being married. Two hundred and three (55.3%) had secondary school education. A lifetime prevalence of 25.9% and a current smoking rate of 20.4% were reported. Ninety five (53.4%) of the males had smoked at least once in their lifetime. None of the females smoked. Among those that smoked, being unmarried (ϰ² = 6.51, P < 0.01) and unemployed (ϰ² = 5.11, P < 0.02) were associated with prescription of high doses of antipsychotics. Of those that smoked, the managing psychiatrist identified or documented only twenty-five (26.3%) of them (kappa = 0.80, P < 0.00).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rate of smoking in Nigerian patients with schizophrenia is considerably less than is reported for their Western counterparts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Imo State University Teaching Hospital, Orlu, Imo State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Aguocha
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Aguocha
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Igwe
authors.forename: R U
authors.initials: RU
authors.lastname: Uwakwe
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Onyeama
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: comorbidity; schizophrenia; tobacco