title: [The first stage of toxicology evaluation and analysis of 1502 pesticide samples].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the results of the first-stage toxicological evaluation of 1 502 pesticide samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  The classification of the 1 502 pesticide samples was analyzed, and the experimental results of the samples in different years were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most of the 1 502 pesticide samples were insecticides, accounting for 52.5% of all, followed by bactericides and herbicides. In the 5 years, the proportion of biogenic insecticides showed a significant rising trend (χ² = 11.426, P < 0.05). The proportion of single pesticides was 65.8%; mixed pesticides accounted for 32.7%; original pesticides accounted for only 1.5%. From 2008 to 2012, most pesticides had low toxicity, regardless of the exposure route (via the mouth, skin, or respiratory tract). Acute oral and dermal toxicity tests showed that pesticides with moderate toxicity declined year by year (oral exposure χ² = 18.036, P < 0.01; dermal exposure χ² = 40.482, P < 0.01). There was a small proportion of pesticides with high toxicity. We did not detect any pesticide with extreme toxicity. Acute skin irritation and eye irritation test showed an upward trend in proportion of non-irritating pesticides (χ² = 77.110, P < 0.01; χ² = 12.693, P < 0.05), while the proportion of medium-irritation pesticides decreased significantly (χ² = 18.941, P < 0.01; χ² = 13.129, P < 0.05). Sensitization test showed that all samples were weak sensitizers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The major type of investigated pesticides was insecticide. Most samples were single pesticides, and there was a certain proportion of mixed pesticides. Novel pesticides such as bio-pesticides are the development tendency. The tested pesticides were mainly low-toxicity pesticides, with a certain proportion of medium- and high-toxicity pesticides. Personal protection should be strengthened during production and use of pesticides.
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Academy for the Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Diseases, Nanning 530021, China.
authors.forename: Yanyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Xianjun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Jianan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: E-mail: snian@mails.tjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Nian
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D010575:Pesticides / Q000145:classification / Q000633:toxicity*; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides