title: Monitoring Plasmodium vivax chloroquine sensitivity along China-Myanmar border of Yunnan Province, China during 2008-2013.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plasmodium vivax is the most widespread of the malaria parasites infecting human hosts. In malaria-eliminating settings, both imported and local malaria predominantly occurs in border areas, and most of them are P. vivax. Chloroquine (CQ) is the first-line drug for P. vivax treatment in China. To understand CQ sensitivity in P. vivax, in vivo monitoring of CQ resistance was conducted along the China-Myanmar border from 2008 to 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible patients with mono-infections of P. vivax were recruited to this study after obtaining full informed consent. CQ tablets for different categories of kg body weight ranges were given once a day for three days. Patients were followed up for 28 days. PCR was conducted to distinguish between re-infection and recrudescence, to confirm the Plasmodium species. The data were entered and analysed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Treatment outcome and sensitivity were classified according to the WHO recommended standards.
  
  
  RESULTS
  603 patients were completed valid follow-up. The fever clearance time and asexual parasite clearance times were, respectively, 22.2 ± 10.2 and 38.1 ± 12.6 hours. 594 (98.5%) patients were adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR), and nine (1.5%) patients, who were late clinical failure (LCF) or resistant response level I (RI), were imported from the neighbouring districts of Myanmar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In terms of efficacy, CQ is still effective for vivax malaria treatment. Plasmodium vivax CQ sensitivity had not significantly changed along the China-Myanmar border of Yunnan Province, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Puer 665000, China. yang_henglin@sohu.com.
authors.forename: Heng-lin
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Lin-hua
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Xing-liang
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jia-zhi
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chun-fu
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Heng-ye
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ren-hua
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.forename: Xiang-rui
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Ying-xue
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jian-Wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016780:Malaria, Vivax / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010966:Plasmodium vivax / Q000187:drug effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D002738:Chloroquine