title: Chronic disease self-management: a hybrid concept analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic diseases require chronic disease self-management (CDSM). Existing CDSM interventions, while improving outcomes, often do not lead to long-lasting effects. To render existing and new CDSM interventions more effective, an exploration of the concept of CDSM from both the literature and patient perspectives is needed. The purpose of this study was to describe the current conceptualization of CDSM in the literature, identify potential inadequacies in this conceptualization based on a comparison of literature- and patient-based CDSM descriptions, and to offer a more comprehensive definition of CDSM.
  
  
  METHODS
  A hybrid concept analysis was completed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the literature, CDSM is defined as behaviors influenced by individual characteristics. Patients in the fieldwork phase discussed aspects of CDSM not well represented in the literature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CDSM is a complex process involving behaviors at multiple levels of a person's environment. Pilot work to develop and test CDSM interventions based on both individual and external characteristics is needed.
authors.affiliation: Indiana University School of Nursing, Bloomington, IN. Electronic address: wrtruebl@iu.edu.
authors.forename: Wendy R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Indiana University School of Nursing, Bloomington, IN.
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lasiter
authors.affiliation: Indiana University School of Nursing, Bloomington, IN.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bartlett Ellis
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy Foundation of America, Landover, MD.
authors.forename: Janice M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Buelow
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003210:Concept Formation; D019468:Disease Management; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012648:Self Care
keywords: Chronic disease; Concept analysis; Self-management