title: Support for the interruption and protection hypotheses of prepulse inhibition of startle: evidence from a modified Attention Network Test.
abstract: The startle response may interrupt information processing (interruption hypothesis), and prepulse inhibition of startle (PPI) may protect that processing from interruption (protection hypothesis). These hypotheses were tested by measuring startle eyeblinks during an Attention Network Test (ANT), a combined flanker and cue reaction time (RT) task that measures the efficiency of multiple attentional networks. ANT trials with and without startle stimuli presented in the interval between the visual cue (prepulse) and target were compared. Results showed that the startle stimulus served as an alerting stimulus, speeding RT in the ANT. However, this reaction time speeding was most pronounced on trials with no startle response (100% PPI). This suggests that the alerting effect of the startle stimulus was attenuated by the startle response, and that PPI decreased the degree of this interference, in support of the interruption and protection hypotheses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Terry D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Blumenthal
authors.forename: J Zachary
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Tamara E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Spence
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000293:Adolescent; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001767:Blinking / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D065808:Prepulse Inhibition / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Attention Network Test; Cognition; Interruption; PPI; Prepulse; Startle