title: Protein kinase C involvement in cell cycle modulation.
abstract: Protein kinases C (PKCs) are a family of serine/threonine kinases which act as key regulators in cell cycle progression and differentiation. Studies of the involvement of PKCs in cell proliferation showed that their role is dependent on cell models, cell cycle phases, timing of activation and localization. Indeed, PKCs can positively and negatively act on it, regulating entry, progression and exit from the cell cycle. In particular, the targets of PKCs resulted to be some of the key proteins involved in the cell cycle including cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), Cip/Kip inhibitors and lamins. Several findings described roles for PKCs in the regulation of G₁/S and G₂/M checkpoints. As a matter of fact, data from independent laboratories demonstrated PKC-related modulations of cyclins D, leading to effects on the G₁/S transition and differentiation of different cell lines. Moreover, interesting data were published on PKC-mediated phosphorylation of lamins. In addition, PKC isoenzymes can accumulate in the nuclei, attracted by different stimuli including diacylglycerol (DAG) fluctuations during cell cycle progression, and target lamins, leading to their disassembly at mitosis. In the present paper, we briefly review how PKCs could regulate cell proliferation and differentiation affecting different molecules related to cell cycle progression.
authors.affiliation: *Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poli
authors.affiliation: *Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mongiorgi
authors.affiliation: *Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Lucio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cocco
authors.affiliation: *Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Matilde Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Follo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D056741:Cyclin D / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059585:G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints; D059565:G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D034882:Lamins / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D021381:Protein Transport; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D056741:Cyclin D; D007527:Isoenzymes; D034882:Lamins; D011493:Protein Kinase C