title: Urinary Trypsin Inhibitor Ameliorates Seawater Immersion-Induced Intestinal Mucosa Injury via Antioxidation, Modulation of NF-κB Activity, and Its Related Cytokines in Rats with Open Abdominal Injury.
abstract: Objective. To investigate the role of oxidative stress, NF-κB activity, and its related cytokines in the pathogenesis of seawater immersion after open abdominal injury (SI-OAI) and whether UTI treatment can attenuate SI-OAI induced IMI. Methods. Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: C group, S group, and U group. The rats in C group only suffered from anesthesia and surgical operation, whereas the rats in S group and U group received caudal vein injection of normal saline without/with 50,000 U/kg body weight of UTI. The activities of TNF-α, IL-6, SOD, MDA, ROS, NF-κB, and IκB-β were monitored by ELISA, biochemical methods, EMSA, and Western blot, respectively. Results. The plasma inflammatory mediators and the contents of MDA, ROS, and NF-κB in intestine as well as the pathological scores in ileal mucosa were significantly increased in rats after SI-OAI, accompanied by a reduction in SOD activities and IκB-β levels. UTI treatment significantly attenuated intestinal histopathological changes with evidence of a decrease in all of the parameters, except for upregulation of the levels of SOD and IκB-β protein. Conclusion. UTI can attenuate SI-OAI induced IMI via inhibition of NF-κB activity, subsequently inhibiting the expression of inflammatory cytokines and by combating oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, The 175th Hospital of PLA, Southeast Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, No. 269 Zhanghua Middle Road, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, China ; The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, No. 183 Yiling Road, Yichang, Hubei 443000, China.
authors.forename: Xing Jian
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, The 175th Hospital of PLA, Southeast Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, No. 269 Zhanghua Middle Road, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, China.
authors.forename: Ya Li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, The 175th Hospital of PLA, Southeast Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, No. 269 Zhanghua Middle Road, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, China.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, The 175th Hospital of PLA, Southeast Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, No. 269 Zhanghua Middle Road, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, The 175th Hospital of PLA, Southeast Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, No. 269 Zhanghua Middle Road, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, The 175th Hospital of PLA, Southeast Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, No. 269 Zhanghua Middle Road, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, China.
authors.forename: Wen Hua
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, No. 183 Yiling Road, Yichang, Hubei 443000, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng