title: Hypoadiponectinemia as an independent predictor for the progression of carotid atherosclerosis: a 5-year prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypoadiponectinemia predicts the development of diabetes and hypertension, both being potent atherosclerotic risk factors. Whether adiponectin predicts the progression of early atherosclerosis remains unclear. In this 5-year prospective study, we examined the relationship between serum adiponectin and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT), a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 265 subjects from the population-based Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence Study, with no known cardiovascular disease, underwent CIMT measurement at baseline and at 5 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 129 men and 136 women, aged 54.6±12.3 years, were studied. Median CIMT at baseline was 0.63 mm (interquartile range 0.52-0.73 mm) and increased to 0.67 mm (0.56-0.78 mm) after 5 years (P<0.001). CIMT increment correlated with baseline adiponectin, age, and smoking (all P<0.05) and baseline CIMT (P<0.001), but not with sex, fasting glucose, lipid profiles, hypertension, or diabetes. In multiple linear regression analysis, baseline serum adiponectin level was an independent predictor of CIMT increment β (standardized beta)=-0.17, P=0.015], after adjusting for age, smoking, baseline CIMT, hypertension, body mass index, fasting glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypoadiponectinemia predicted CIMT progression, independent of known predictive factors such as age, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China .
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.forename: Aimin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Wing-Sun
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: Paul C H
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Carol H Y
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: Stephen C W
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: Hung Fat
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Tse
authors.forename: Ming-Tak
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Chau
authors.forename: Bernard M Y
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: Karen S L
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D018450:Disease Progression; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008661:Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers