title: Searching for phenotypes in smoking cessation treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is important to define smoking phenotypes according to different variables, such as age, sex and degree of dependence, for which available treatments could have different efficacies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The main objective of our study was aimed at defining different combinations of these variables to allow the best possible treatment to be chosen in routine clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the clinical records of smokers who had been treated in our Smoking Cessation Service. In all cases, the treatment programme consisted of a combination of behavioural therapy and optional drug treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The group consisted of 3622 subjects, specifically 1757 men (48.5%). The mean age of the participants in the group was 48.11 ± 11.19 years. The mean score of the FTCD-questionnaire was 6.66 ± 2.38. In addition, 78% of the subjects smoked their first cigarette within 30 min after waking. For the total sample, continuous abstinence rate from 9 to 24 weeks was 57.7%. A multivariate analysis using the logistic regression model was implemented, and it showed that: (i) Nicotine Replacement Therapy was less effective in patients with high tobacco dependence, (ii) young subjects can be highly resistant to all treatments and (iii) subjects with low tobacco dependence can be treated with any treatment, but bupropion and varenicline provided the best results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was possible to identify several smoking phenotypes in which different treatments have different efficacies.
authors.affiliation: Smoking Cessation Service, County of Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Ruiz
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Pascual Lledó
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cicero Guerrero
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mayayo Ulibarri
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cristóbal Fernández
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perera López
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016642:Bupropion / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015987:Effect Modifier, Epidemiologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010641:Phenotype; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001552:Benzazepines; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D011810:Quinoxalines; D016642:Bupropion