title: Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels measured 24 hours after delivery and postpartum depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the possible relationship between serum levels of 25[OH]D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) collected 24 hours after delivery and postpartum depression in a Chinese cohort sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  One city hospital in Beijing, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women delivering a full-term, singleton, live-born infant at one city hospital in Beijing between August 2013 and November 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women were enrolled immediately postpartum. A blood sample was obtained 24-48 hours after childbirth to test serum levels of 25[OH]D. Participation consisted of a visit to an obstetric unit 3 months after delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  At 3 months' postpartum, women were screened for depression using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The primary outcome measure was a prespecified EPDS score of ≥12.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, 323 women were admitted. In all, 248 agreed to enrol and 213 completed 3 months' follow-up (21 were lost to follow-up and 14 withdrew). Of the 213 women who were included, 26 (12.2%) were considered to meet criteria for postpartum depression. Serum 25[OH]D levels in women with no postpartum depression were significantly higher than those in women with postpartum depression (P < 0.0001). Based on the receiver operating characteristic curve, the optimal cutoff value for serum 25[OH]D level as an indicator for screening for postpartum depression was estimated to be 10.2 ng/ml, with an area under the curve of 0.801 (95%CI 0.704-0.896). In multivariate analysis, there was an increased risk of postpartum depression associated with 25[OH]D levels ≤10.2 ng/ml (OR 7.17, 95%CI 3.81-12.94; P < 0.0001) after adjusting for possible confounders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrated that lower serum 25[OH]D levels were associated with postpartum depression. This association was independent of other possible variables.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: C-W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: J-T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Rehabilitation Medicine of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: W-J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: J-Q
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000068476:Beijing / Q000453:epidemiology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D; depression; postpartum; vitamin D