title: The role of autophagy in epileptogenesis and in epilepsy-induced neuronal alterations.
abstract: Recent evidence suggests that autophagy alterations are present in a variety of neurological disorders. These range from neurodegenerative diseases to acute neurological insults. Thus, despite a role of autophagy was investigated in a variety of neurological diseases, only recently these studies included epilepsy. This was fostered by the evidence that rapamycin, a powerful autophagy inducer, strongly modulates a variety of seizure models and epilepsies. These findings were originally interpreted as the results of the inhibition exerted by rapamycin on the molecular complex named "mammalian Target of Rapamycin" (mTOR). Recently, an increasing number of papers demonstrated that mTOR inhibition produces a strong activation of the autophagy machinery. In this way, it is now increasingly recognized that what was once defined as mTORpathy in epileptogenesis may be partially explained by abnormalities in the autophagy machinery. The present review features a brief introductory statement about the autophagy machinery and discusses the involvement of autophagy in seizures and epilepsies. An emphasis is posed on evidence addressing both pros and cons making it sometime puzzling and sometime evident, the role of autophagy in the epileptic brain.
authors.affiliation: Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Filippo Sean
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Giorgi
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Biagioni
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lenzi
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frati
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fornai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases