title: Optimizing delivery of recovery-oriented online self-management strategies for bipolar disorder: a review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Self-management is emerging as a viable alternative to difficult-to-access psychosocial treatments for bipolar disorder (BD), and has particular relevance to recovery-related goals around empowerment and personal meaning. This review examines data and theory on BD self-management from a recovery-oriented perspective, with a particular focus on optimizing low-intensity delivery of self-management tools via the web.
  
  
  METHODS
  A critical evaluation of various literatures was undertaken. Literatures on recovery, online platforms, and self-management in mental health and BD are reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The literature suggests that the self-management approach aligns with the recovery framework. However, studies have identified a number of potential barriers to the utilization of self-management programs for BD and it has been suggested that utilizing an online environment may be an effective way to surmount many of these barriers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Online self-management programs for BD are rapidly developing, and in parallel the recovery perspective is becoming the dominant paradigm for mental health services worldwide, so research is urgently required to assess the efficacy and safety of optimization methods such as professional and/or peer support, tailoring and the development of 'online communities'.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: Nuwan D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Leitan
authors.forename: Erin E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Michalak
authors.forename: Lesley
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Berk
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berk
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008605:Mental Health Services; D000067250:Psychiatric Rehabilitation / Q000379:methods*; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods*; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*
keywords: bipolar disorder; internet; online psychoeducation; psychotherapy; recovery model; self-help; self-management; support