title: Prostate cancer: radioresistance molecular target-related markers and foreseeable modalities of radiosensitization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Though the external beam radiation therapy is a standard treatment option for both organ-confined and regionally advanced prostate cancer, unluckily, despite more and more effective advances in radiation delivery procedures, the prostate cancer radioresistance still occurs in a significant amount of patients undergone radiotherapy. This review aims to highlight the molecular aberrations of prostate cancer cell growth- and apoptosis signaling pathways that might induce, together with both prostate cancer cell/cancer stem cells gene- and surrounding microenvironment crucial implications, the tumor radioresistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  An up-dated review of several thorough studies on such matter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The plenty of intriguing knowledge acquisitions about the prostate cancer radioresistance depending on cancer cell growth/ apoptosis signaling pathway-related molecular aberrations together with prostate cancer cell/cancer stem cell abnormal gene profile, may be the premise leading--on the basis of preclinical research in animal models--to clinically overcome the tumor radioresistance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current developments of radiosensitizer agents focusly targeting prostate cancer cell radioresistance-associated specific molecular/gene aberrations are directed to improve, by implementing customized tumor radiosensitization modalities, the radiation therapy outcomes.
authors.affiliation: L.D. of Surgical Semeiotics, Parma, Italy. eneide94@gmail.com.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alberti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011836:Radiation Tolerance; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015398:Signal Transduction; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents