title: The potential for vertical bone regeneration via maxillary periosteal elevation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While many studies have been performed on the characteristics and regenerative capacity of long bone periosteum, the craniofacial periosteum remains poorly understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the potential for a maxillary periosteum tunnelling procedure to induce vertical alveolar bone regeneration.
  
  
  METHODS
  We employed a murine injury model that activates skeletal stem cells in the periosteum without overtly damaging the underlying cortical bone, preserving the integrity of the long bone and maxilla, and avoiding the introduction of pathological motion at the injury site. Further, we introduced a collagen sponge to serve as a scaffold, providing the necessary space for vertical bone regeneration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Periosteal elevation alone resulted in bone formation in the tibia and delayed bone resorption in the maxilla. With the presence of the collagen sponge, new bone formation occurred in the maxilla.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Periosteal response to injury varies with anatomical location, so conclusions from long bone studies should not be extrapolated for craniofacial applications. Murine maxillary periosteum has the osteogenic potential to induce vertical alveolar bone regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Periodontology, Service of Odontology, Rothschild Hospital, AP-HP, Paris 7 - Denis, Diderot University, U.F.R. of Odontology, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mouraret
authors.forename: Ericka
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Von Kaeppler
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bardet
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chaussain
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bouchard
authors.forename: Jill A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Helms
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000503:physiopathology; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry; D003239:Connective Tissue Cells / Q000166:cytology; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D051379:Mice; D023421:Models, Animal; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D010521:Periosteum / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; D013977:Tibia / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D003094:Collagen; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase
keywords: collagen sponge; periosteum; vertical bone regeneration