title: Tissue myeloid cells in SIV-infected primates acquire viral DNA through phagocytosis of infected T cells.
abstract: The viral accessory protein Vpx, expressed by certain simian and human immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs and HIVs), is thought to improve viral infectivity of myeloid cells. We infected 35 Asian macaques and African green monkeys with viruses that do or do not express Vpx and examined viral targeting of cells in vivo. While lack of Vpx expression affected viral dynamics in vivo, with decreased viral loads and infection of CD4⁺ T cells, Vpx expression had no detectable effect on infectivity of myeloid cells. Moreover, viral DNA was observed only within myeloid cells in tissues not massively depleted of CD4⁺ T cells. Myeloid cells containing viral DNA also showed evidence of T cell phagocytosis in vivo, suggesting that their viral DNA may be attributed to phagocytosis of SIV-infected T cells. These data suggest that myeloid cells are not a major source of SIV in vivo, irrespective of Vpx expression.
authors.affiliation: Lab of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Calantone
authors.affiliation: Lab of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Lab of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Zachary
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Klase
authors.affiliation: AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Deleage
authors.affiliation: Lab of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Molly
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.affiliation: Lab of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Kenta
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171, Sweden.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Lab of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Alexandra M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Lab of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Carol L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Vinton
authors.affiliation: Lab of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Ilnour
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ourmanov
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171, Sweden.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Loré
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Douek
authors.affiliation: AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Jacob D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Estes
authors.affiliation: Lab of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Vanessa M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.affiliation: Lab of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Electronic address: jbrenchl@mail.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Jason M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Brenchley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D008212:Lymphocyte Depletion; D008251:Macaca; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000821:virology*; D010587:Phagocytosis; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics*; D019562:Viral Load; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; C513059:VPX protein, Simian immunodeficiency virus; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins