title: Urinary prostaglandin E2 metabolite and breast cancer risk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Levels of the cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) enzyme are elevated in breast cancer tissue, and most COX2 effects are believed to be mediated through overproduction of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). We evaluated associations between the primary urinary metabolite of PGE2 (PGE-M) and breast cancer risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nested case-control study of 504 cases and 1,082 controls was conducted using data from the Shanghai Women's Health Study, a large population-based prospective cohort study of 74,941 Chinese women. Urinary PGE-M was measured using a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric method. Logistic regression estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) with adjustment for potential confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, no association between urinary PGE-M and breast cancer was detected. However, a suggestive positive association was found among postmenopausal women. In particular, a clear dose-response relationship between urinary PGE-M and breast cancer was observed among postmenopausal women with a body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m(2) (Plinear trend = 0.005). Among these women, risk of breast cancer increased from 1.00 (reference) to 1.06 (95% CI, 0.56-1.99), 1.50 (95% CI, 0.79-2.83), and 2.32 (95% CI, 1.24-4.41) for the lowest to highest quartiles of PGE-M, and such associations were stronger among those who were diagnosed with cancer within the first four years of sample collection. No apparent association was observed among overweight postmenopausal women (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High urinary PGE-M level was associated with elevated risk of breast cancer among normal weight, postmenopausal women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary PGE-M level may be useful for breast cancer risk assessment among normal weight, postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(12); 2866-73. ©2014 AACR.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ou
authors.initials: XO
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Tang
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Qiuyin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, Maryland.
authors.forename: Bu-Tian
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Lan
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, Maryland.
authors.forename: Nathaniel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rothman
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Gong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Bing
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee. wei.zheng@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000652:urine; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D015232:Dinoprostone