title: Lying and the Subsequent Desire for Toothpaste: Activity in the Somatosensory Cortex Predicts Embodiment of the Moral-Purity Metaphor.
abstract: It is well known from literature and religious ceremonies that there is a link between physical cleansing and moral transgressions. Only recently, psychological experiments explored this association and demonstrated that a threat to moral purity increases the demand of physical cleansing. Moreover, it has been shown that physical cleansing is actually efficacious to cope with threatened morality. This so-called Macbeth effect has been explained by an embodiment of the moral-purity metaphor. We tested this hypothesis by means of an functional magnetic resonsce imaging (fMRI) experiment. Participants were instructed to enact scenarios including either an immoral act (lying) or a moral deed (telling the truth). Subsequently, the participants were asked to rate the desirableness of various products. Results revealed that participants rated cleansing products (but not other goods) more desirable after performing an immoral than after a moral act. This Macbeth effect was accompanied by an active cortical network including sensorimotor brain areas during rating of cleansing products (but not while evaluating noncleansing goods). The results demonstrate neurobiological evidence for an embodiment of the moral-purity metaphor. Thus, abstract thoughts about morality can be grounded in sensory experiences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Denke
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rotte
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans-Jochen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Heinze
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schaefer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007600:Judgment; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D019365:Metaphor; D009013:Morale; D009042:Motivation / Q000502:physiology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D014100:Toothpastes; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014100:Toothpastes; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: embodiment; fMRI; moral; premotor cortex; social; somatosensory cortex