title: Restriction and elimination diets in ADHD treatment.
abstract: Food elimination diets are defined and the history of their investigation in relation to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is reviewed. After noting that a consensus has emerged that an elimination diet produces a small but reliable aggregate effect, the present review provides updated quantitative estimates of effect size and clinical response rates to elimination diets. It then highlights key issues that require research attention, in particular characterization of dietary responders. Finally, because some children may benefit, clinical guidelines at the present state of knowledge are summarized. It is concluded that updated trials of elimination diets are sorely needed for ADHD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Electronic address: niggj@ohsu.edu.
authors.forename: Joel T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Nigg
authors.affiliation: School of Education, Teaching and Health, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Holton
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000178:diet therapy*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D044623:Nutrition Therapy / Q000379:methods*
keywords: ADHD; Alternative treatment; Few foods diet; Food elimination diet