title: Renal cell carcinoma accompanied by venous invasion and inferior vena cava thrombus: classification and operative strategies for the vascular surgeon.
abstract: Venous invasion is a common characteristic of renal cell carcinoma, manifesting as tumor thrombus with possible extension into the renal vein and, in extensive cases, the thrombus can reach from the renal vein to the right atrium. Currently, cytoreductive nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy are the foundations for improving quality of life and survival in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma, and a role has emerged for a vascular specialist to become an integral part of operative planning and therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of South Florida, USF Health Building 7th Floor, 2 Tampa General Circle, Tampa, FL 33606.
authors.forename: Aurelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calero
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of South Florida, USF Health Building 7th Floor, 2 Tampa General Circle, Tampa, FL 33606. Electronic address: parmstro@health.usf.edu.
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Armstrong
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000473:pathology*; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D017131:Thrombectomy / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019043:Vascular Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000145:classification*; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants