title: A preliminary report on oral glucose tolerance and antinociceptive activity tests conducted with methanol extract of Xanthosoma violaceum aerial parts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Xanthosoma violaceum is commonly observed in fallow areas of Bangladesh but almost no scientific studies exist on this plant. Rural people consume the plant on a frequent basis. The objective of this study was to scientifically analyze the antinociceptive property of methanol extract of aerial parts of the plant along with antihyperglycemic activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antihyperglycemic activity was measured by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Antinociceptive activity was determined by observed decreases in abdominal constrictions in intraperitoneally administered acetic acid-induced pain model in mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of methanol extract of aerial parts led to dose-dependent and significant reductions in blood glucose levels in glucose-loaded mice. At doses of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg per kg body weight, the extract reduced blood sugar levels by 19.3, 23.2, 31.8, and 47.1%, respectively compared to control animals. By comparison, a standard antihyperglycemic drug, glibenclamide, when administered at a dose of 10 mg per kg body weight, reduced blood glucose level by 48.9%. In antinociceptive activity tests, the extract at the above four doses reduced the number of abdominal constrictions by 41.4, 44.8, 48.3, and 55.2%, respectively. A standard pain relieving (antinociceptive) drug, aspirin, reduced the number of writhings by 31.0 and 51.7%, respectively, when administered at doses of 200 and 400 mg per kg body weight.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this is the first report on oral glucose tolerance and antinociceptive activity evaluation of aerial parts of the plant. Since the plant is widely available in Bangladesh, the aerial parts can be a readily available source for particularly the rural population for lowering blood sugar in diabetic patients and for alleviating pain.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faisal
authors.forename: Ahamed Ismail
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Hossain
authors.forename: Shahnaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Rownak
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jahan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1209, Bangladesh. rahamatm@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahmatullah
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D031063:Xanthosoma / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts