title: Cardiac rehabilitation in Latin America.
abstract: This article provides a description of the status of cardiovascular (CV) rehabilitation (CVR) in Latin America (LA) and the potential impact on CV disease in the region. We discuss the insufficient number of CVR programs in the region and describe the components of CVR that are more commonly available, like exercise interventions, medical assessment and patient education. Additionally, we discuss the heterogeneity in other components, like the evaluation of depression, sleep apnea, and smoking cessation programs. Lastly, we provide a brief review on the main characteristics of the health systems of each country regarding access to CVR programs and compare the average cost of CV procedures and treatments with CVR.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiac Rehabilitation, Mediagnóstica Duitama, Colombia. Electronic address: claudia.anchiquesantos@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Claudia Victoria
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Anchique Santos
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. Electronic address: lopez@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lopez-Jimenez
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention (ASCARDIO),Venezuela. Electronic address: benaimbriseida@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Briseida
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Benaim
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Spanish Association's Quality of Life Center, Montevideo, Uruguay. Electronic address: gburdiat@mednet.org.uy.
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Burdiat
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, National Cardiovascular Institute "Carlos Alberto Pashchiera", Lima, Peru. Electronic address: rosafernco@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Rosalia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fernandez Coronado
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation program, Central Hospital Institute of Social Welfare, Asuncion, Paraguay. Electronic address: cardiograciela@yahoo.com.ar.
authors.forename: Graciela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiology of Santa Catarina, Universidad e do Sulde Santa Catarina, Brazil. Electronic address: arherdy@cardiosport.com.br.
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herdy
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. Electronic address: medinainojosa.jose@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Medina-Inojosa
authors.affiliation: Prevention department, Chilean Society of Cardiology, Austral University of Chile, Chile. Electronic address: csanti4@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santibañez
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Rehabilitation Service, Boliviano Belga Surgical Medical Center, Cochabamba, Boliviano, Bolivia. Electronic address: urionajuan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Juan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Uriona Villarroel
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Rehabilitation Service, Boliviano Belga Surgical Medical Center, Cochabamba, Boliviano, Bolivia; Cardiac Rehabilitation Service, Cardiovascular Institute of Buenos Aires, Argentinian Institute of Diagnostic and Treatment, Argentina. Electronic address: ceciliazeballos@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zeballos
mesh_terms: D000072038:Cardiac Rehabilitation; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D007843:Latin America / Q000453:epidemiology; D012046:Rehabilitation / Q000458:organization & administration*; D013020:South America / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Cardiac rehabilitation; Cardiovascular diseases; Latin America; Prevention; South America