title: Does HMGB1 predict occult neck lymph node metastasis in early tongue carcinoma? A case-control study of 26 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined whether the occurrence of late neck metastasis in early tongue squamous cell carcinoma can be predicted by evaluating HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1) expression in the primary lesion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study was conducted. The cases comprised 10 patients with late neck metastasis. The controls consisted of 16 patients without recurrence. All were examined immunohistochemically for HMGB1 protein expression. The odds ratio for late neck metastasis in relation to HMGB1 was estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RESULTS for HMGB1 were dichotomised into positive staining scores (score, 5-7) and negative scores (0-4). Six cases (60 per cent) and four controls (25 per cent) were HMGB1-positive. Although no significant result was seen, compared with HMGB1-negative patients the odds ratio for late neck metastasis in HMGB1-positive patients was 3.8 (95 per cent confidence interval, 0.6-26.5) after adjusting for other factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the present study, immunohistochemical study of HMGB1 in early tongue squamous cell carcinoma did not appear to be very useful for predicting occult neck metastasis. Further study is necessary to clarify the relationship between HMGB1 expression and late neck metastasis in early tongue squamous cell carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine,Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hanakawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine,Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Orita
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology,Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine,Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology,Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine,Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology,Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine,Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology,Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine,Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine,Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology,Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine,Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iwaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Okayama Medical Center,Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Marunaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine,Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine,Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tamamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology,Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine,Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishibori
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine,Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine,Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagatsuka
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine,Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishizaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology,Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine,Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D024243:HMGB1 Protein