title: Increase in rate of force development with skin cooling during isometric knee extension.
abstract: Rate of force development (RFD) plays an important role when performing rapid and forceful movements. Cold-induced afferent input with transient skin cooling (SC) can modulate neural drive. However, the relationship between RFD and SC is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether SC increases RFD during isometric knee extension. Fifteen young healthy men (25 ± 8 yrs old) contracted their quadriceps muscle as fast and forcefully as possible with or without SC. Skin cooling was administered to the front of the thigh. Torque and electromyographic activity were measured simultaneously. Peak torque was not affected by SC. Skin cooling induced a significant increase in RFD at the phase 0-30 and 0-50 ms. The root mean square of the electromyography of vastus medialis, rectus femoris and vastus lateralis at the phases 0-30-50-100 ms increased significantly or tended to increase with SC. These results suggest that SC may increase neural drive and improve RFD in the very early phases of contraction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Sagamihara Chuo Hospital, 6-4-20, Fujimi, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Electronic address: ryota.shimose.17@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ryota
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shimose
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Toho University Omori Medical Center, 6-11-1, Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ushigome
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Physiology and Biomechanics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16, Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Chigaya
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tadano
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Tokyo University of Technology, 5-23-22, Nishi-Kamata, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masae
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yona
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, School of Allied Health Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuhiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsunaga
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Physiology and Biomechanics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16, Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D052097:Quadriceps Muscle / Q000502:physiology*; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena; D013848:Thigh / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Cold receptors; Cutaneous input; Electromyography; Quadriceps; Skin temperature