title: Lipid-lowering therapy and lipid goal attainment in patients with metabolic syndrome in China: subgroup analysis of the Dyslipidemia International Study-China (DYSIS-China).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To objectively evaluate lipid-lowering therapy and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) goal attainment in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data regarding patient demographics, lipid-lowering agents, lipid parameters, and cardiovascular risk profiles were analyzed for 25,317 patients of the Dyslipidemia International Study-China. MetS was defined according to criteria of the NCEP-ATP III and the 2007 Chinese Guidelines on Prevention and Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Adults.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of MetS was 39.9% and 37.4% according to the NCEP-ATP III and 2007 Chinese Guidelines, respectively. LDL-C goal attainment occurred less frequently among MetS patients than in those without MetS (NCEP-ATP III: 46.9% vs 68.6%; 2007 Chinese Guidelines: 52.2% vs 67.1%; p < 0.001). Similar results were obtained for non-HDL-C goal attainment (2007 Chinese Guidelines: 51.0% vs 72.0%; p < 0.001). As the risk class increased, LDL-C and non-HDL-C goal attainment decreased. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, DM, CHD, ischemic cerebrovascular disease, and higher SBP were independently associated with failure to achieve LDL-C and non-HDL-C goal attainment. The type of lipid-lowering agent was not significantly correlated with LDL-C not at goal attainment but was correlated with non-HDL-C not at goal attainment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Goal attainment for both LDL-C and non-HDL-C occurs less frequently in MetS patients than in those without MetS. The residual risk due to elevated non-HDL-C levels should be considered in MetS patients. Strategies for controlling multiple risk factors in order to decrease the residual risk related to dyslipidemia in MetS patients should be recommended in future guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.28, Fuxing Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.28, Fuxing Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China. Electronic address: yeping301@sina.com.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11, Xi Zhi Men Nan Da Jie, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Dayi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.28, Fuxing Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139, People Street (M.), Changsha 410011, China.
authors.forename: Shuiping
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 6, Tiantan Xi Li, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Yongjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.28, Fuxing Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1, Shuai Fu Yuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, No. 33, Wen Yi Rd., Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Zhanquan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301, Yanchang Rd. (M), Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Yidong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: MSD China Holding Co., Ltd., No. 1601, Nanjing Rd.(W), JingAn District, Shanghai 20004, China.
authors.forename: Jihu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood; D002681:China; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000097:blood; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D008055:Lipids
keywords: Anticholesteremic agents; Dyslipidemia; Goal attainment; LDL cholesterol; Metabolic syndrome; Non-HDL cholesterol