title: Good prognosis of cerclage in cases of cervical insufficiency when intra-amniotic inflammation/infection is ruled out.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if absence of sub-clinical intra-amniotic inflammation improves the prognosis of rescue cerclage in cases of bulging membranes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study with all women with bulging membranes admitted into our hospital between 2009 and 2013. Patients underwent amniocentesis to quantify amniotic glucose, leukocytes, IL-6 and leukocyte esterase levels and for microbiological culture. All patients without intra-amniotic inflammation or sub-clinical chorioamnionitis were proposed a physical examination-indicated cervical cerclage. Those who did not accept were treated with bed rest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We enrolled 31 women. Median gestational age at diagnosis was 23 + 1 (21–25 + 4) weeks. Median interval until delivery was 12 (3–52.5) d. IL-6 had the highest diagnostic accuracy for good prognosis. Patients with IL6 <2.90 ng/ml were diagnosed later in pregnancy and presented a longer interval until delivery (89 versus 4 d), higher gestational age at delivery (35 + 1 versus 23 + 3 weeks) and a lower rate of prematurity (54.5% versus 100%) and perinatal mortality (0% versus 80%) than those with IL-6 ≥2.90 ng/ml. Rescue cerclage and low Il-6 were the best predictors of good outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-6 levels in amniotic fluid may be of clinical value for individualizing the management of patients with bulging membranes for placement of rescue cerclage.
authors.forename: Vicente Jose
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Diago Almela
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martinez-Varea
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perales-Puchalt
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alonso-Diaz
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perales
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000382:microbiology*; D023802:Cerclage, Cervical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000382:microbiology; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D002581:Uterine Cervical Incompetence / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*