title: Developmental toxicity study of sodium molybdate dihydrate administered in the diet to Sprague Dawley rats.
abstract: Molybdenum is an essential nutrient for humans and animals and is a constituent of several important oxidase enzymes. It is normally absorbed from the diet and to a lesser extent from drinking water and the typical human intake is around 2μg/kg bodyweight per day. No developmental toxicity studies to contemporary standards have been published and regulatory decisions have been based primarily on older studies where the nature of the test material, or the actual dose levels consumed is uncertain. In the current study the developmental toxicity of sodium molybdate dihydrate as a representative of a broad class of soluble molybdenum(VI) compounds, was given in the diet to Sprague Dawley rats in accordance with OECD Test Guideline 414. Dose levels of 0, 3, 10, 20 and 40mgMo/kgbw/day were administered from GD6 to GD20. No adverse effects were observed at any dose level on the dams, or on embryofetal survival, fetal bodyweight, or development, with no increase in malformations or variations. Significant increases in serum and tissue copper levels were observed but no toxicity related to these was observed. The NOAEL observed in this study was 40mgMo/kgbw/day, the highest dose tested.
authors.affiliation: Murray & Associates, 5529 Perugia Circle, San Jose, CA 95138, USA. Electronic address: jmurray2@sbcglobal.net.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jay Murray
authors.affiliation: RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. Electronic address: rwt@rti.org.
authors.forename: Rochelle W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Tyl
authors.affiliation: Harrington House, 8 Harrington Road, Brighton BN1 6RE, UK. Electronic address: fsullivan@mistral.co.uk.
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.affiliation: Chevron Energy Technology Company, 6001 Bollinger Canyon Road, San Ramon, CA 94583, USA. Electronic address: Asheesh.Tiwary@chevron.com.
authors.forename: Asheesh K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Tiwary
authors.affiliation: International Molybdenum Association (IMOA), 326 Avenue Louise, 1050 Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: hseimoa@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carey
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000209:etiology; D000818:Animals; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D020567:Fetal Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D008982:Molybdenum / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D008982:Molybdenum; C024687:sodium molybdate(VI)
keywords: Copper; Developmental; Diet; Fetus; Molybdate; Molybdenum; Rats; Toxicity