title: Hemodynamics and ventricular function in a zebrafish model of injury and repair.
abstract: Myocardial infarction results in scar tissue and irreversible loss of ventricular function. Unlike humans, zebrafish has the capacity to remove scar tissue after injury. To assess ventricular function during repair, we synchronized microelectrocardiogram (μECG) signals with a high-frequency ultrasound pulsed-wave (PW) Doppler to interrogate cardiac hemodynamics. μECG signals allowed for identification of PW Doppler signals for passive (early [E]-wave velocity) and active ventricular filling (atrial [A]-wave velocity) during diastole. The A wave (9.0±1.2 cm·s(-1)) is greater than the E wave (1.1±0.4 cm·s(-1)), resulting in an E/A ratio <1 (0.12±0.05, n=6). In response to cryocauterization to the ventricular epicardium, the E-wave velocity increased, accompanied by a rise in the E/A ratio at 3 days postcryocauterization (dpc) (0.55±0.13, n=6, p<0.001 vs. sham). The E waves normalize toward the baseline, along with a reduction in the E/A ratio at 35 dpc (0.36±0.06, n=6, p<0.001 vs. sham) and 65 dpc (0.2±0.16, n=6, p<0.001 vs. sham). In zebrafish, E/A<1 at baseline is observed, suggesting the distinct two-chamber system in which the pressure gradient across the atrioventricular valve is higher compared with the ventriculobulbar valve. The initial rise and subsequent normalization of E/A ratios support recovery in the ventricular diastolic function.
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Juhyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Bong Jin
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Nelson
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jen
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Chia-An
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fei
authors.forename: Jinhyoung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Shadi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bohlool
authors.forename: Lian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lash-Rosenberg
authors.forename: K Kirk
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Shung
authors.forename: Tzung K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Hsiai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016276:Ventricular Function; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology; D015027:Zebrafish