title: Reliability and validity of the Marijuana Motives Measure among young adult frequent cannabis users and associations with cannabis dependence.
abstract: The Marijuana Motives Measure (MMM) has so far been examined mainly in student populations, often with relatively limited involvement in cannabis use. This study evaluated the factor structure of the MMM in a demographically mixed sample of 600 young adult (18-30 years) frequent (≥ 3 days per week) cannabis users in the Netherlands. Analysis confirmed a five-factor solution, denoting coping, enhancement, social, conformity and expansion motives. Additionally, the original MMM was extended with two items (boredom and habit), which formed a distinct, internally consistent sixth factor labelled routine motives. In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, coping and routine motives showed significant associations with 12-month DSM-IV cannabis dependence. The results suggest general reliability and validity of the MMM in a heterogeneous population of experienced cannabis users.
authors.affiliation: Bonger Institute of Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 1030, 1000 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: w.j.benschop@uva.nl.
authors.forename: Annemieke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benschop
authors.affiliation: Bonger Institute of Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 1030, 1000 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nienke
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liebregts
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, PO Box 725, 3500 AS Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Peggy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van der Pol
authors.affiliation: Bonger Institute of Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 1030, 1000 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schaap
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, PO Box 725, 3500 AS Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Renate
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buisman
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, PO Box 725, 3500 AS Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Margriet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Laar
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van den Brink
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, PO Box 725, 3500 AS Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Graaf
authors.affiliation: Bonger Institute of Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 1030, 1000 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dirk J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Korf
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001887:Boredom; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006184:Habits; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D008385:Marijuana Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D009042:Motivation; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cannabis dependence; Factor analysis; Frequent cannabis users; Marijuana Motives Measure