title: Formula one night race in Singapore: a 4-year analysis of a planned mass gathering.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Every mass gathering presents its unique characteristics that influence medical resource utilization. Medical planning for mass gatherings involves both use of predictive models and analysis of data from similar past events. This study aimed to describe the medical presentations and the unique challenges influencing medical planning at the Formula One Singtel Singapore Grand Prix, the inaugural Formula One night race. Patient presentation characteristics, rates of patient presentation, and transportation to hospitals in association with attendance and heat index were evaluated over a 4-year period from 2009 through 2012. This will facilitate medical planning for similar events.
  
  
  METHODS
  A database containing patient presentations from the 3-day Singapore Grand Prix in 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012 was analyzed. Patient presentations were categorized by time of day and presenting complaints. Patient presentation rates (PPRs) were analyzed to determine correlation with attendance numbers and heat index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average annual attendance at the Singapore Grand Prix was 81,992 from 2009 through 2012. The average PPR was 2.17 (SD=0.63)/1,000 attendees. The average transport to hospital rate (TTHR) was 0.033 (SD=0.026)/1,000 attendees. While medical coverage was provided at the circuit park between 2:00 pm to 1:00 am daily, most attendees presented from 5:00 pm to 10:00 pm. The most common presenting complaints included: musculoskeletal conditions (59%) and heat related illnesses (19%). There was no correlation between attendance numbers and PPR and the heat index and PPR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Musculoskeletal conditions and heat-related illnesses were the most common presenting complaints at the Singapore Grand Prix from 2009-2012. The lack of correlation between heat index and PPR is a new finding compared with prior studies. This could be due to the minimal heat variation that occurred during the night event. Further study is required to refine models that can be used in specialized events.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Surgery,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine,National University of Singapore,Singapore.
authors.forename: Weng Hoe
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: 3Center for Disaster Medical Sciences,University of California,Irvine,Orange,CaliforniaUSA.
authors.forename: Kristi L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Koenig
authors.affiliation: 4Emergency Medicine Department,Alexandra Hospital,Singapore.
authors.forename: Lit Sin
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Quek
mesh_terms: D000846:Anniversaries and Special Events; D001336:Automobiles; D004189:Disaster Planning; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018882:Heat Stress Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*