title: The transcriptional profiling of glycogenes associated with hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Metastasis is one of the important reasons for the poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), abnormal glycosylation plays a pivotal role in HCC metastasis. The goal of this study was to screen and validate the transcriptional profiling of glycogenes associated with HCC metastasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The differentially transcribed glycogenes were screened out by the Human Glycosylation RT2 Profiler PCR Array, and were identified by qRT-PCR in human HCC cell lines and their orthotopic xenograft tumors. Further analyses were performed with K-mean clustering, Gene Ontology (GO) and ingenuity pathways analysis (IPA). Four differentially transcribed glycogenes were validated in clinical cancer specimens by qRT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of thirty-three differentially transcribed glycogenes were obtained by comparison the transcription in the metastatic human HCC cell lines (MHCC97L, MHCC97H and HCCLM3) with the transcription in the non-metastatic HCC cell line Hep3B. Seven differentially transcribed glycogenes were selected to further identification in human HCC cell lines and their orthotopic xenograft tumors. According to their trends by K-mean clustering, all of the differentially transcribed glycogenes were classified in six clusters. GO analysis of the differentially transcribed glycogenes described them in biological process, subcellular location and molecular function. Furthermore, the partial regulatory network of the differentially transcribed glycogenes was acquired through the IPA. The transcription levels of galnt3, gcnt3, man1a1, mgat5b in non-metastatic and metastatic HCC clinical cancer specimens showed the same changing trends with the results in human HCC cell lines and their orthotopic xenograft tumors, and the divergent transcription levels of gcnt3 and mgat5b were statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The transcriptional profiling of glycogenes associated with HCC metastasis was obtained and validated in this study and it might provide novel drug targets and potential biological markers for HCC metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Cancer Research Center, Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tianhua
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Cancer Research Center, Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Cancer Research Center, Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qinle
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Cancer Research Center, Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yinkun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000556:secondary; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D063990:Gene Ontology; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D006023:Glycoproteins