title: Simulated gastrointestinal digestion, intestinal permeation and plasma protein interaction of white, green, and black tea polyphenols.
abstract: The gastrointestinal digestion, intestinal permeation, and plasma protein interaction of polyphenols from a single tea cultivar at different stages of processing (white, green, and black teas) were simulated. The salivary phase contained 74.8-99.5% of native polyphenols, suggesting potential bioavailability of significant amounts of antioxidants through the oral mucosal epithelium that might be gastric sensitive and/or poorly absorbed in the intestine. White tea had the highest content and provided the best intestinal bioaccessibility and bioavailability for catechins. Since most of native catechins were not absorbed, they were expected to accumulate in the intestinal lumen where a potential inhibition capacity of cellular glucose and cholesterol uptake was assumed. The permeated catechins (approximately, 2-15% of intestinal levels) significantly bound (about 37%) to plasma HDLs, suggesting a major role in cholesterol metabolism. White tea and its potential nutraceuticals could be effective in the regulation of plasma glucose and cholesterol levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy. Electronic address: giancarlo.tenore@unina.it.
authors.forename: Gian Carlo
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Tenore
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 1, 84084 Salerno, Italy.
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Campiglia
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giannetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Ettore
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Novellino
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D004063:Digestion; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000378:metabolism*; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D059808:Polyphenols; D013662:Tea; D002392:Catechin; D002784:Cholesterol; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate
keywords: Caco2 cells; Digestion; Plasma proteins; Polyphenols; White tea