title: Management of endocrine disease. Effects of telecare intervention on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the published literature on the effects of telecare intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycemic control.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of randomized controlled trials on telecare intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes, and a search of electronic databases such as The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EBSCO, CINAHL, Science Direct, Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), were conducted from December 8 to 16, 2013. Two evaluators independently selected and reviewed the eligible studies. Changes in HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), post-prandial plasma glucose (PPG), BMI, and body weight were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An analysis of 18 studies with 3798 subjects revealed that telecare significantly improved the management of diabetes. Mean HbA1c values were reduced by -0.54 (95% CI, -0.75 to -0.34; P<0.05), mean FPG levels by -9.00 mg/dl (95% CI, -17.36 to -0.64; P=0.03), and mean PPG levels reduced by -52.86 mg/dl (95% CI, -77.13 to -28.58; P<0.05) when compared with the group receiving standard care. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses indicated that study location, sample size, and treatment-monitoring techniques were the sources of heterogeneity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients monitored by telecare showed significant improvement in glycemic control in type 2 diabetes when compared with those monitored by routine follow-up. Significant reduction in HbA1c levels was associated with Asian populations, small sample size, and telecare, and with those patients with baseline HbA1c greater than 8.0%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismBeijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, ChinaBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Zhenru
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismBeijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, ChinaBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China vivientao@126.com.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismBeijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, ChinaBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Qingdong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismBeijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, ChinaBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jing
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D004700:Endocrine System Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin