title: A simple method for ensuring resection margins during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: the intracorporeal ultrasonography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a simple method for ensuring surgical margins during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (PN).
  
  
  METHODS
  A study was done at our institution from October 2013 to March 2014 for all patients undergoing laparoscopic PN for T1 renal tumors. Before tumor removal, intraoperative ultrasonography (US) localization was performed. The tumor was then removed with a standardized minimal healthy tissue margin technique. Immediately after removal and before performing hemostasis of the kidney, the specimen was placed into a laparoscopic endobag filled with saline solution. The laparoscopic probe was then placed into the endobag and a sequential ultrasonographic scan was performed to evaluate if the tumor's pseudocapsule was respected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve patients were included in our study. Mean warm ischemia time was 19 ± 3 minutes. Mean US examination was 42 ± 9 seconds. US analysis of surgical margins was negative in all except 1 patient. The final histologic examination of all specimens confirmed US results with a 100% correlation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We describe an original, simple, and cost-effective method for ensuring surgical margins during laparoscopic PN with a moderate increase in warm time ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Transplantation, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France. Electronic address: doerfler-a@chu-caen.fr.
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Doerfler
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Transplantation, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France.
authors.forename: Abeni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oitchayomi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Transplantation, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tillou
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000601:surgery; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*