title: Effect of exercise training on oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in rat heart and gastrocnemius muscle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to explore the effect of endurance training on oxidative parameters and mitochondrial function in gastrocnemius and heart muscle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats were trained by running for 6 weeks. In vitro measurements of the rates of hydroxyl radical ((•)OH) production, oxygen consumption (in either the absence, basal rate (V0), or the presence, maximal rate (Vmax), of adenosine diphosphate), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production were made simultaneously in permeabilized fibers. The mitochondrial function was explored after exposure or non-exposure to an in vitro generator system of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vmax was not affected by training, but V0 decreased. In conditions of maximal mitochondrial functioning, an increase in ATP rate and a decrease in (•)OH production occurred simultaneously. In vitro ROS exposure disturbed mitochondrial function, but training modified the vulnerability of Vmax and ATP rate to ROS in different ways.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We hypothesize that the part of Vmax devoted to proton leakage was decreased in trained rats, consequently improving ATP synthesis. The data suggest that, after training, there is more efficient use of electrons in respiratory chain energy production, rather than a greater ROS scavenging capacity.
authors.forename: Firas
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Farhat
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dupas
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amérand
authors.forename: Christelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goanvec
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Feray
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Guegueniat
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moisan
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004798:Enzymes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Heart; Muscle; Oxidative phosphorylation; ROS susceptibility; Reactive oxygen species; Training