title: Applying evolutionary biology to address global challenges.
abstract: Two categories of evolutionary challenges result from escalating human impacts on the planet. The first arises from cancers, pathogens, and pests that evolve too quickly and the second, from the inability of many valued species to adapt quickly enough. Applied evolutionary biology provides a suite of strategies to address these global challenges that threaten human health, food security, and biodiversity. This Review highlights both progress and gaps in genetic, developmental, and environmental manipulations across the life sciences that either target the rate and direction of evolution or reduce the mismatch between organisms and human-altered environments. Increased development and application of these underused tools will be vital in meeting current and future targets for sustainable development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Institute for Contemporary Evolution, Davis, CA 95616, USA. spcarroll@ucdavis.edu psjorgensen@bio.ku.dk.
authors.forename: Scott P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.affiliation: Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. spcarroll@ucdavis.edu psjorgensen@bio.ku.dk.
authors.forename: Peter Søgaard
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.affiliation: School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Kinnison
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Carl T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Bergstrom
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55108, USA.
authors.forename: R Ford
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Denison
authors.affiliation: Centre for Human Evolution, Adaptation and Disease, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gluckman
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, 619 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, 90095-1496, CA.
authors.forename: Thomas B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Evolution and Ecology and Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Sharon Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Strauss
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
authors.forename: Bruce E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Tabashnik
mesh_terms: D000220:Adaptation, Biological; D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D005075:Biological Evolution; D057231:Climate Change; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000379:methods*; D004777:Environment; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005523:Food Supply; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D006262:Health; D006801:Humans; D010641:Phenotype; D057766:Policy