title: Towards bio-silicon interfaces: formation of an ultra-thin self-hydrated artificial membrane composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and chitosan deposited in high vacuum from the gas-phase.
abstract: The recent combination of nanoscale developments with biological molecules for biotechnological research has opened a wide field related to the area of biosensors. In the last years, device manufacturing for medical applications adapted the so-called bottom-up approach, from nanostructures to larger devices. Preparation and characterization of artificial biological membranes is a necessary step for the formation of nano-devices or sensors. In this paper, we describe the formation and characterization of a phospholipid bilayer (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, DPPC) on a mattress of a polysaccharide (Chitosan) that keeps the membrane hydrated. The deposition of Chitosan (~25 Å) and DPPC (~60 Å) was performed from the gas phase in high vacuum onto a substrate of Si(100) covered with its native oxide layer. The layer thickness was controlled in situ using Very High Resolution Ellipsometry (VHRE). Raman spectroscopy studies show that neither Chitosan nor DPPC molecules decompose during evaporation. With VHRE and Atomic Force Microscopy we have been able to detect phase transitions in the membrane. The presence of the Chitosan interlayer as a water reservoir is essential for both DPPC bilayer formation and stability, favoring the appearance of phase transitions. Our experiments show that the proposed sample preparation from the gas phase is reproducible and provides a natural environment for the DPPC bilayer. In future work, different Chitosan thicknesses should be studied to achieve a complete and homogeneous interlayer.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436 Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: María J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Retamal
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436 Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Marcelo A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cisternas
authors.affiliation: Computational Biology Lab (DLab), Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Sebastian E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Gutierrez-Maldonado
authors.affiliation: Computational Biology Lab (DLab), Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Perez-Acle
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436 Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Birger
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Seifert
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materials Physics and Technology, Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), D-21073 Hamburg-Harburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Busch
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materials Physics and Technology, Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), D-21073 Hamburg-Harburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436 Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Ulrich G
authors.initials: UG
authors.lastname: Volkmann
mesh_terms: D015060:1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine / Q000737:chemistry*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D005740:Gases / Q000737:chemistry; D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000737:chemistry*; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D044367:Phase Transition; D012825:Silicon / Q000737:chemistry; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D014618:Vacuum; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005740:Gases; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D014867:Water; D015060:1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine; D048271:Chitosan; D012825:Silicon