title: Membrane lipid profile monitored by mass spectrometry detected differences between fresh and vitrified in vitro-produced bovine embryos.
abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of vitrification on membrane lipid profile obtained by mass spectrometry (MS) of in vitro-produced bovine embryos. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) has been used to obtain individual embryo membrane lipid profiles. Due to conditions of analysis, mainly membrane lipids, most favorably phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and sphingomyelins (SMs) have been detected. The following ions described by their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) and respective attribution presented increased relative abundance (1.2-20×) in the vitrified group: 703.5 [SM (16:0) + H]+; 722.5 [PC (40:3) + Na]+; 758.5 [PC (34:2) + H]+; 762.5 [PC (34:0) + H]+; 790.5 [PC (36:0) + H]+ and 810.5 [PC (38:4) + H]+ and/or [PC (36:1) + Na]+. The ion with a m/z 744.5 [PCp (34:1) and/or PCe (34:2)] was 3.4-fold more abundant in the fresh group. Interestingly, ions with m/z 722.5 or 744.5 indicate the presence of lipid species, which are more resistant to enzymatic degradation as they contain fatty acyl residues linked through ether type bonds (alkyl ether or plasmalogens, indicated by the lowercase 'e' and 'p', respectively) to the glycerol structure. The results indicate that cryopreservation impacts the membrane lipid profile, and that these alterations can be properly monitored by MALDI-MS. Membrane lipids can therefore be evaluated by MALDI-MS to monitor the effect of cryopreservation on membrane lipids, and to investigate changes in lipid profile that may reflect the metabolic response to the cryopreservation stress or changes in the environmental conditions.
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine,Department of Animal Health,UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista,Rua Clóvis Pestana 793,16050-680,Araçatuba,São Paulo,Brazil.
authors.forename: Beatriz C S
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Leão
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine,Department of Animal Health,UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista,Rua Clóvis Pestana 793,16050-680,Araçatuba,São Paulo,Brazil.
authors.forename: Nathália A S
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Rocha-Frigoni
authors.affiliation: ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory,Chemistry Institute,University of Campinas (UNICAMP),Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz s/n,CP 6154,bloco A6,sala 111,13083-970,Distrito de Barão Geraldo-Campinas,São Paulo,Brazil.
authors.forename: Elaine C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Cabral
authors.affiliation: ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory,Chemistry Institute,University of Campinas (UNICAMP),Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz s/n,CP 6154,bloco A6,sala 111,13083-970,Distrito de Barão Geraldo-Campinas,São Paulo,Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.affiliation: ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory,Chemistry Institute,University of Campinas (UNICAMP),Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz s/n,CP 6154,bloco A6,sala 111,13083-970,Distrito de Barão Geraldo-Campinas,São Paulo,Brazil.
authors.forename: Christina R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory,Chemistry Institute,University of Campinas (UNICAMP),Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz s/n,CP 6154,bloco A6,sala 111,13083-970,Distrito de Barão Geraldo-Campinas,São Paulo,Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Eberlin
authors.affiliation: ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory,Chemistry Institute,University of Campinas (UNICAMP),Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz s/n,CP 6154,bloco A6,sala 111,13083-970,Distrito de Barão Geraldo-Campinas,São Paulo,Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Filgueiras
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine,Department of Animal Health,UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista,Araçatuba 16050-680,São Paulo,Brazil.
authors.forename: Gisele Z
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Mingoti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D002417:Cattle; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000662:veterinary*; D059471:In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques / Q000662:veterinary*; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000032:analysis*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000662:veterinary*; D058989:Vitrification
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008563:Membrane Lipids
keywords: Bovine embryo; In vitro production; Lipid profile; Mass spectrometry; Vitrification