title: Percutaneous spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain: indications and patient selection.
abstract: Percutaneous spinal cord stimulation has a clinical benefit in selected patients with chronic neuropathic pain related to failed back surgery syndrome and complex regional pain syndrome. Patients with other peripheral neuropathic pain syndromes may also respond favorably. The cause of the chronic pain must be established to rule out remediable causes. Drug abuse or aberrant drug-related behaviors should be assessed before proceeding. A psychological evaluation identifies patients who may not benefit. Risk factors for infection should be corrected where possible. This safe, reversible treatment should be considered early for patients with intractable peripheral neuropathic pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neurological Restoration, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, S31, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. Electronic address: nagels@ccf.org.
authors.forename: Sean J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Nagel
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neurological Restoration, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, S31, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106-1702, USA.
authors.forename: Scott F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Lempka
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neurological Restoration, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, S31, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Andre G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Machado
mesh_terms: D001416:Back Pain / Q000628:therapy; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D020918:Complex Regional Pain Syndromes / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D018579:Patient Selection; D062187:Spinal Cord Stimulation; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Complex regional pain syndrome; Failed back surgery syndrome; Psychological evaluation; Spinal cord stimulation; Surgical indications; Surgical risk assessment