title: Diagnosis and prognosis of male infertility in mammal: the focusing of tyrosine phosphorylation and phosphotyrosine proteins.
abstract: Male infertility refers to the inability of a man to achieve a pregnancy in a fertile female. In more than one-third of cases, infertility arises due to the male factor. Therefore, developing strategies for the diagnosis and prognosis of male infertility is critical. Simultaneously, a satisfactory model for the cellular mechanisms that regulate normal sperm function must be established. In this regard, tyrosine phosphorylation is one of the most common mechanisms through which several signal transduction pathways are adjusted in spermatozoa. It regulates the various aspects of sperm function, for example, motility, hyperactivation, capacitation, the acrosome reaction, fertilization, and beyond. Several recent large-scale studies have identified the proteins that are phosphorylated in spermatozoa to acquire fertilization competence. However, most of these studies are basal and have not presented an overall mechanism through which tyrosine phosphorylation regulates male infertility. In this review, we focus of this mechanism, discussing most of the tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in spermatozoa that have been identified to date. We categorized tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in spermatozoa that regulate male infertility using MedScan Reader (v5.0) and Pathway Studio (v9.0).
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science & Technology, Chung-Ang University , Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 456-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Woo-Sung
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Md Saidur
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Myung-Geol
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Pang
mesh_terms: D020101:Acrosome Reaction / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D005306:Fertilization / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D010766:Phosphorylation; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D011379:Prognosis; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000502:physiology; D013084:Sperm-Ovum Interactions / Q000502:physiology*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
keywords: diagnosis; male infertility; prognosis; sperm protein; tyrosine phosphorylation