title: Audit of warfarin reversal using a new Octaplex reduced dose protocol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prothrombin Complex Concentrate (PCC) is increasingly used for the emergency reversal of the effects of Vitamin K antagonists due to the increased use of the latter. There is no consensus on dosage protocols for its use. There is evidence that small fixed doses are effective. We report the result of the use of a simple three dose level protocol i.e. 2000 IU for CNS bleeds, 1500 IU for other bleeds and 1000 IU for non bleeders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data was prospectively collected over a 6 month period on all patients receiving PCC (Octaplex). These included clinical indication, dose given, INR test results, delay in treatment, and patients' demographics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The protocol was followed in only 40%; 24% were given a larger dose and 35% a smaller dose than we recommended. Despite this the INR was corrected (≤1.5) in 56 (83.6%) out of the 67 patients studied. The average delay in getting INR results was 1 hour 14 minutes and delay between releasing the PCC from blood bank to infusion was 3 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A simple three level low fixed dose protocol is cost effective in reversing the majority of patients' anticoagulation. Delay in initiating treatment for the reversal of VKA and adherence to protocols remained problematic.
authors.affiliation: Haematology Department, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth PO63LY, UK. Electronic address: Hussain.Hirri@porthosp.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hirri
authors.affiliation: Haematology Department, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth PO63LY, UK.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Green
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D019934:International Normalized Ratio / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014859:Warfarin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; C025667:prothrombin complex concentrates; D014859:Warfarin
keywords: INR; Octaplex; Prothrombin complex concentrate; Vitamin K antagonists; Warfarin