title: Differential expression of interleukin-1/Toll-like receptor signaling regulators in microscopic and ulcerative colitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling regulators in microscopic and ulcerative colitis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total RNA and microRNA were isolated from fresh frozen colonic biopsies of non-inflamed controls and patients with active or in-remission collagenous colitis (CC), lymphocytic colitis (LC), or ulcerative colitis (UC). We compared expressions of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)-2, IRAK-M, interleukin (IL)-37, microRNA (miR)-146a, miR-155, and miR-21 using quantitative real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IRAK-M expression was increased in LC patients with active disease in histopathological remission (LC-HR; P = 0.02) and UC patients (P = 0.01), but no differences in IRAK-2 expression were detected compared to controls. miR-146a, -155 and -21 expressions were increased in LC-HR (P = 0.04, 0.07, and 0.004) and UC (P = 0.02, 0.04 and 0.03) patients. miR-146a and miR-21 expressions were significantly enhanced in UC patients compared to UC remission (UC-R; P = 0.01 and 0.04). Likewise, active CC patients showed significantly increased expression of miR-155 (P = 0.003) and miR-21 (P = 0.006). IL-37 expression was decreased in both CC (P = 0.03) and LC (P = 0.04) patients with a similar trend in UC patients but not statistically significant, whilst it was increased in UC-R patients compared to controls (P = 0.02) and active UC (P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The identification of differentially expressed miRNAs, IL-37, and IRAK-M suggests different pathophysiologic mechanisms in various disease stages in LC, CC, and UC.
authors.affiliation: Sezin Günaltay, Ashok Kumar Kumawat, Elisabeth Hultgren Hörnquist, Department of Biomedicine, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sezin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Günaltay
authors.affiliation: Sezin Günaltay, Ashok Kumar Kumawat, Elisabeth Hultgren Hörnquist, Department of Biomedicine, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nyhlin
authors.affiliation: Sezin Günaltay, Ashok Kumar Kumawat, Elisabeth Hultgren Hörnquist, Department of Biomedicine, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ashok Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Kumawat
authors.affiliation: Sezin Günaltay, Ashok Kumar Kumawat, Elisabeth Hultgren Hörnquist, Department of Biomedicine, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: Curt
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tysk
authors.affiliation: Sezin Günaltay, Ashok Kumar Kumawat, Elisabeth Hultgren Hörnquist, Department of Biomedicine, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bohr
authors.affiliation: Sezin Günaltay, Ashok Kumar Kumawat, Elisabeth Hultgren Hörnquist, Department of Biomedicine, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: Olof
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hultgren
authors.affiliation: Sezin Günaltay, Ashok Kumar Kumawat, Elisabeth Hultgren Hörnquist, Department of Biomedicine, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hultgren Hörnquist
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D046729:Colitis, Collagenous / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D046730:Colitis, Lymphocytic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D003106:Colon / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D053592:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases / Q000032:analysis; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C508587:IL37 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007375:Interleukin-1; D035683:MicroRNAs; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; C507771:IRAK3 protein, human; D053592:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases
keywords: Collagenous colitis; Interleukin-37; Lymphocytic colitis; MicroRNA; Ulcerative colitis