title: Instrumented hip joint replacements, femoral replacements and femoral fracture stabilizers.
abstract: This paper reviews instrumented hip joint replacements, instrumented femoral replacements and instrumented femoral fracture stabilizers. Examination of the evolution of such implants was carried out, including the detailed analysis of 16 architectures, designed by 8 research teams and implanted in 32 patients. Their power supply, measurement, communication, processing and actuation systems were reviewed, as were the tests carried out to evaluate their performance and safety. These instrumented implants were only designed to measure biomechanical and thermodynamic quantities in vivo, in order to use such data to conduct research projects and optimize rehabilitation processes. The most promising trend is to minimize aseptic loosening and/or infection following hip or femoral replacements or femoral stabilization procedures by using therapeutic actuators inside instrumented implants to apply controlled stimuli in the bone-implant interface.
authors.affiliation: Biomechanics Research Group, Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Marco P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Soares dos Santos
authors.forename: Jorge A F
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: António
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: José A O
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morais
authors.forename: Nuno M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Paulo M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Manuel C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D004582:Electronics, Medical / Q000295:instrumentation; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D005269:Femur / Q000601:surgery*; D006622:Hip Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D016268:Internal Fixators; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013673:Technology Assessment, Biomedical; D059015:Wireless Technology / Q000295:instrumentation*
keywords: arthroplasty; energy harvesting; femoral fixation; femoral replacement; hip joint replacement; instrumented implant; medical device; orthopedics; telemetry; therapeutic actuator