title: Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of water hyacinth.
abstract: Thermal and catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of water hyacinth was performed at temperatures from 250 to 300 °C under various water hyacinth:H2O ratio of 1:3, 1:6 and 1:12. Reactions were also carried out under various residence times (15-60 min) as well as catalytic conditions (KOH and K2CO3). The use of alkaline catalysts significantly increased the bio-oil yield. Maximum bio-oil yield (23 wt%) comprising of bio-oil1 and bio-oil2 as well as conversion (89%) were observed with 1N KOH solution. (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR data showed that both bio-oil1 and bio-oil2 have high aliphatic carbon content. FTIR of bio-residue indicated that the usage of alkaline catalyst resulted in bio-residue samples with lesser oxygen functionality indicating that catalyst has a marked effect on nature of the bio-residue and helps to decompose biomass to a greater extent compared to thermal case.
authors.affiliation: Bio-Fuels Division (BFD), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India.
authors.forename: Rawel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Bio-Fuels Division (BFD), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India.
authors.forename: Bhavya
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Balagurumurthy
authors.affiliation: Bio-Fuels Division (BFD), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India.
authors.forename: Aditya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.affiliation: Bio-Fuels Division (BFD), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India. Electronic address: tbhaskar@iip.res.in.
authors.forename: Thallada
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bhaskar
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels; D018533:Biomass; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D002384:Catalysis; D031806:Eichhornia; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D009821:Oils; D011312:Pressure; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D009821:Oils; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water; C036909:lignocellulose; D002244:Carbon; D006859:Hydrogen; D008031:Lignin
keywords: Aquatic biomass; Biomass; Hydrothermal liquefaction; Subcritical water; Water hyacinth