title: Lidocaine, dexmedetomidine and their combination reduce isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration in dogs.
abstract: The effects of intravenous (i.v.) lidocaine, dexmedetomidine and their combination delivered as a bolus followed by a constant rate infusion (CRI) on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane (MACISO) in dogs were evaluated. Seven healthy adult dogs were included. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane. For each dog, baseline MAC (MACISO/BASAL) was determined after a 90-minute equilibration period. Thereafter, each dog received one of the following treatments (loading dose, CRI): lidocaine 2 mg kg(-1), 100 µg kg(-1) minute(-1); dexmedetomidine 2 µg kg(-1), 2 µg kg(-1) hour(-1); or their combination. MAC was then determined again after 45- minutes of treatment by CRI. At the doses administered, lidocaine, dexmedetomidine and their combination significantly reduced MACISO by 27.3% (range: 12.5-39.2%), 43.4% (33.3-53.3%) and 60.9% (46.1-78.1%), respectively, when compared to MACISO/BASAL. The combination resulted in a greater MACISO reduction than the two drugs alone. Their use, at the doses studied, provides a clinically important reduction in the concentration of ISO during anaesthesia in dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Analgesia, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, State of Mexico, Mexico.
authors.forename: Carlos M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Acevedo-Arcique
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Analgesia, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, State of Mexico, Mexico.
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ibancovichi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Analgesia, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, State of Mexico, Mexico.
authors.forename: Julio R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Chavez
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Merida, State of Yucatan, Mexico.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gutierrez-Blanco
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Analgesia, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, State of Mexico, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moran-Muñoz
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Trauma, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, State of Mexico, Mexico.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Victoria-Mora
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Clínica Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tendillo-Cortijo
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Clínica Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Martín
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santos-González
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Analgesia, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, State of Mexico, Mexico.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Aparicio
mesh_terms: D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000494:pharmacology; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D020927:Dexmedetomidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004285:Dogs; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000032:analysis*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000187:drug effects*; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D004338:Drug Combinations; D020927:Dexmedetomidine; D008012:Lidocaine; D007530:Isoflurane