title: Sonochemical synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles loaded with folate and cisplatin: effect of ultrasonic frequency.
abstract: Simple preparative methods were used to sonosynthesize different magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (FeNPs) via co-precipitation of aqueous solutions of ferrous salts in a basic aqueous solution of ethylene glycol (EG). Sonosynthesis was achieved using different frequencies of ultrasound: 581, 861, and 1141 kHz under the same acoustic power. The hydroxyl radicals generated by cavitational collapse, induced by the ultrasonic field, led to the oxidation of Fe(2+) to Fe(3+). The rate of sonochemical Fe(3+) production decreased linearly with the frequency. Three different systems of FeNPs were synthesized, all with the same core but a different shell: FeNPs capped with EG (EG/FeNPs), FeNPs capped with EG and folate (Fol/EG/FeNPs), and FeNPs capped with EG, folate and cisplatin (Pt/EG/FeNPs). The nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence and Raman microspectroscopy, total-reflection X-ray fluorescence, and elemental analysis (C, N, and H). The magnetization hysteresis loops of these samples were also measured. The obtained values of saturation magnetization were within the interval between 60 and 93 Am(2)kg(-1). From the analysis of these results, it was found that the ultrasonic frequency did not affect the nanoparticle size (diameter of 21-31 nm). In contrast, the frequency affected the amount of drug loaded, as cisplatin loading increased proportionately with ultrasound frequency.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Reyman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dolores
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Serrano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raquel
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Garcia-Leis
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Adianez
mesh_terms: D060326:Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000737:chemistry*; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013499:Surface Properties; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; C000499:ferric oxide; D005492:Folic Acid; D002945:Cisplatin
keywords: Cisplatin; Folate; Iron oxide; Magnetic nanoparticle; Sonochemistry; Ultrasonic frequency effect