title: Gender as a moderator in predicting re-arrest among treated drug-involved offenders.
abstract: The primary aim of the current study is to explore gender differences on the relationships of pre-treatment risk factors and psychosocial functioning with time to re-arrest following termination from prison. The sample consisted of 384 males and 313 females who were admitted to four prison-based substance abuse treatment programs. Results showed that female inmates experienced a longer time to re-arrest than male inmates. Higher self-reported ratings of decision making confidence and peer support were associated with a lower likelihood of re-arrest for males. Males with higher self-esteem ratings were more likely to be re-arrested than males who reported lower self-esteem. Females with more self-reported criminal involvement had a higher rate of re-arrest than did those with less criminal involvement. In contrast to males, females with relatively high self-reported self-esteem had a lower rate of re-arrest than their counterparts who reported low self-esteem. Clinical implications include the importance of enhancing decision-making confidence and peer support for males and self-esteem for females.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA. Electronic address: yang.yang@tcu.edu.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.affiliation: Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA.
authors.forename: George W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Joe
authors.affiliation: Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA.
authors.forename: Grace A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Rowan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA.
authors.forename: Wayne E K
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Lehman
authors.affiliation: Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Flynn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D057237:Criminals / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012649:Self Concept; D012737:Sex Factors; D012944:Social Support; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Gender difference; Pretreatment risk; Psychosocial functioning; Re-arrest