title: Advances in isothermal amplification: novel strategies inspired by biological processes.
abstract: Nucleic acid amplification is an essential process in biological systems. The in vitro adoption of this process has resulted in powerful techniques that underpin modern molecular biology. The most common tool is polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, the requirement for a thermal cycler has somewhat limited applications of this classic nucleic acid amplification technique. Isothermal amplification, on the other hand, obviates the use of a thermal cycler because reactions occur at a single temperature. Isothermal amplification methods are diverse, but all have been developed from an understanding of natural nucleic acid amplification processes. Here we review current isothermal amplification methods as classified by their enzymatic mechanisms. We compare their advantages, disadvantages, efficiencies, and applications. Finally, we mention some new developments associated with this technology, and consider future possibilities in molecular engineering and recombinant technologies that may develop from an appreciation of the molecular biology of natural systems.
authors.affiliation: Inflammation and Healing Research Cluster, Genecology Research Centre, School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Qld., Australia.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Inflammation and Healing Research Cluster, Genecology Research Centre, School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Qld., Australia; Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: jmacdon1@usc.edu.au.
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Macdonald
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D032701:Biomimetics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D004247:DNA
keywords: Isothermal amplification; Nucleic acid amplification; Point-of-care; Polymerase chain reaction