title: Fatty liver-induced changes in stereotypic behavior in rats and effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 analog on stereotypy.
abstract: Although understanding the relation between psychotic behavior and immune abnormalities has been the focus of research for many years, it remains to be elucidated whether the changes in cytokine levels are part of etiology or a result of the stress associated with the disorder. In accordance with previous studies on changes in cytokine levels due to metabolic changes and psychosis, we hypothesized that fatty liver may potentiate apomorphine-induced stereotypy in a rodent model and that a synthetic glucagon-like peptide-1 analog exenatide would ameliorate this effect. In this study, 18 male Sprague Dawley albino mature rats were used. We induced hepatosteatosis in these rats by feeding them with 30% fructose dissolved in drinking water for 8 weeks. The animals were divided into three groups, namely, the normal group, the intracerebroventricular (ICV) exenatide group, and the ICV NaCl group. Apomorphine-induced stereotypic behavior test was performed in all groups and the liver was removed for histopathological examination after all the rats were euthanized. In the nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) group, stereotypy scores were significantly increased compared with the control group rats (p < 0.00001). A significant decrease in stereotypy scores were observed in the ICV exenatide group with NAFL when compared with the ICV saline group with NAFL (p < 0.005). In addition, brain malondialdehyde and tumor necrosis factor-α levels decreased in the ICV exenatide group. The results of this study showed that fatty liver enhances the effect of apomorphine on stereotypy, which was reversed by exenatide possibly by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey.
authors.forename: Oytun
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Erbaş
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Tavşanlı State Hospital, Kütahya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hüseyin Serdar
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Akseki
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey. Electronic address: solmaz.volkan@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Volkan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Solmaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hüseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aktuğ
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Taşkıran
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000077270:Exenatide; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014688:Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014688:Venoms; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D000077270:Exenatide
keywords: Apomorphine-induced stereotypic behavior test; Exenatide; Nonalcoholic fatty liver; Psychosis