title: Association of cytokines in individuals sensitive and insensitive to dust mites in a Brazilian population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Allergic reaction to dust mites is a relatively common condition among children, triggering cutaneous and respiratory responses that have a great impact on the health of this population. Anaphylactic hypersensitivity is characterized by an exacerbated response involving the production of regulatory cytokines responsible for stimulating the production of IgE antibodies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate an association of variants in cytokine genes (IL1A-889, IL1B-511, +3962, IL1R1970, IL1RA11100, IL4RA+1902, IL12-1188, IFNG+874, TGFB1 codon 10, codon 25, TNFA-308, -238, IL2-330, +166, IL4-1098, -590, -33, IL6-174, nt565, and IL10-1082, -819, -592) between patients sensitive to dust mites and a control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 254 patients were grouped as atopic and non-atopic according to sensitivity as evaluated by the Prick Test and to cytokine genotyping by the polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) method using the Cytokine Genotyping Kit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A comparison between individuals allergic to Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and Blomia tropicalis and a non-atopic control group showed significant differences between allele and genotype frequencies in the regulatory regions of cytokine genes, with important evidence for IL4-590 in T/C (10.2% vs. 43.1%, odd ratio [OR] = 0.15, p = 5.2 10-8, pc = 0.0000011, and 95% confidence interval [95%CI] = 0.07-0.32) and T/T genotypes (42.9% vs. 13.8%, OR = 4.69, p = 2.5 10-6, pc = 0.000055, and 95%CI = 2.42-9.09). Other associations were observed in the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL1A-889 (T/T, C, and T) and IL2-330 (G/T and T/T) and the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL4RA+1902 (A and G), IL4-590 (T/C, T/T, C, and T), and IL10-592 (A/A, C/A, A, and C).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest a possible association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cytokine genes and hypersensitivity to dust mites.
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcela Caleffi da Costa Lima
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Caniatti
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ariella Andrade
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Marchioro
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Health Sciences, UEM, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Lúcia Falavigna
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Guilherme
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Health Sciences, UEM, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiza Tamie
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Tsuneto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D040002:Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012882:Skin Tests
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D016207:Cytokines