title: Brainstem white matter tracts and the control of eye movements.
abstract: This article summarizes the anatomy of brainstem tracts and cranial nerves as depicted by magnetic resonance imaging, with special emphasis on the structures that are involved in the control of eye movement. It discusses the anatomical structures that can be observed on conventional magnetic resonance images as well as structures that can only be observed using more advanced imaging techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging and tractography. The basic mechanisms of various kinds of ophthalmoplegia are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. Electronic address: sakai.koji.2r@kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akazawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005133:Eye Movements; D006801:Humans; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000294:innervation* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015840:Oculomotor Nerve Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D066127:White Matter / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*