title: Comprehensive evaluation of contemporary assisted reproduction technology laboratory operations to determine staffing levels that promote patient safety and quality care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To consider how staffing requirements have changed with evolving and increasingly more complex assisted reproduction technology (ART) laboratory practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis by four laboratory directors from three different ART programs of the level of complexity and time requirements for contemporary ART laboratory activities to determine adequate staffing levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-based and private ART programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human resource requirements for ART procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both complexity and time required for completion of a contemporary ART cycle have increased significantly compared with the same requirements for the "traditional cycle" of the past. The latter required roughly 9 personnel hours, but a contemporary cycle can require up to 20 hours for completion. Consistent with this increase, a quantitative analysis shows that the number of embryologists required for safe and efficient operation of the ART laboratory has also increased. This number depends on not only the volume but also the types of procedures performed: the higher the number of complex procedures, the more personnel required. An interactive Personnel Calculator is introduced that can help determine staffing needs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased complexity of the contemporary ART laboratory requires a new look at the allocation of human resources. Our work provides laboratory directors with a practical, individualized tool to determine their staffing requirements with a view to increasing the safety and efficiency of operations. The work could serve as the basis for revision of the 2008 American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) staffing guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Reproduction, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York. Electronic address: malikani@nshs.edu.
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alikani
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Science Center of New England, Lexington, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Kathryn J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Go
authors.affiliation: New York University Fertility Center, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McCaffrey
authors.affiliation: New York University Fertility Center, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, New York.
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: McCulloh
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D017056:Medical Laboratory Personnel / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013677:Medical Laboratory Science / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D020380:Needs Assessment; D061214:Patient Safety / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011361:Professional Competence / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018456:Reproductive Medicine / Q000592:standards; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States; D000078329:Workforce; D016526:Workload / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: ART complexity; PGD/PGS; embryology laboratory; patient safety; staffing