title: Utility of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Mini-Mental State Examination in predicting general intellectual abilities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether scores from 2 commonly used cognitive screening tests can help predict general intellectual functioning in older adults.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Cutoff scores for determining cognitive impairment have been validated for both the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). However, less is known about how the 2 measures relate to general intellectual functioning as measured by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV).
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 186 older adults referred for neuropsychological assessment completed the MoCA, MMSE, and WAIS-IV. Regression equations determined how accurately the screening measures could predict the WAIS-IV Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ). We also determined how predictive the MoCA and MMSE were when combined with 2 premorbid estimates of FSIQ: the Test of Premorbid Functioning (TOPF) (a reading test of phonetically irregular words) and a predicted TOPF score based on demographic variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MoCA and MMSE both correlated moderately with WAIS-IV FSIQ. Hierarchical regression models containing the MoCA or MMSE combined with TOPF scores accounted for 58% and 49%, respectively, of the variance in obtained FSIQ. Both regression equations accurately estimated FSIQ to within 10 points in >75% of the sample.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both the MoCA and MMSE provide reasonable estimates of FSIQ. Prediction improves when these measures are combined with other estimates of FSIQ. We provide 4 equations designed to help clinicians interpret these screening measures.
authors.affiliation: *John D. Dingell Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan †Wayne State University, Department of Psychology, Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sugarman
authors.forename: Bradley N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Axelrod
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003071:Cognition; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D032882:Comprehension; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D018579:Patient Selection; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011932:Reading; D014705:Verbal Behavior; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014888:Wechsler Scales