title: Short communication: Relationship between the efficiency of utilization of feed nitrogen and 15N enrichment in casein from lactating dairy cows.
abstract: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the efficiency of conversion of feed N into milk N [N-use efficiency (NUE)] and (15)N enrichment of milk casein from lactating cows fed corn silage-based diets. Samples of feeds and milk were obtained from 3 experiments with lactating dairy cows. All diets were based on corn silage and were designed to evaluate the effects of (1) diets with different ratios of effective rumen-degradable protein to fermentable metabolizable energy (experiment 1), (2) different proportions of quickly and slowly rumen-degradable protein (experiment 2), and (3) synchronizing the availability of fermentable metabolizable energy and effective rumen-degradable protein in the rumen (experiment 3). Although no significant effect of diet on casein δ(15)N values was detected, casein was more enriched than the diet in each of the experiments. Nitrogen-use efficiency was negatively related to adjusted Δ(15)N (casein δ(15)N--diet δ(15)N) for experiments 1 and 2 individually and when combining data from all 3 experiments. The relatively low values for Δ(15)N suggest that these productive animals were using dietary N efficiently, with a high proportion of N going to milk protein and less to urea. The weak, although significant, relationship between NUE and adjusted Δ(15)N, is consistent with relatively little variation in hepatic deamination and transamination, with variation in rumen efficiency having the predominant effect on NUE. The present study confirms the lower (15)N enrichment in protein when NUE is high and the potential to use N-isotope fractionation as a marker of NUE.
authors.affiliation: Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.º 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: arcabrita@icbas.up.pt.
authors.forename: A R J
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Cabrita
authors.affiliation: Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.º 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: A J M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.affiliation: Scotland's Rural College, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Dewhurst
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002364:Caseins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism; D012820:Silage; D014508:Urea / Q000032:analysis; D003313:Zea mays / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D008894:Milk Proteins; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D014508:Urea; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: dairy cow; feed efficiency; isotopic fractionation; nitrogen-15