title: Frequency of beta-thalassemia trait in families of thalassemia major patients, Lahore.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thalassemia major is one of the most common genetic disorders in Pakistan and over five thousand new patients are added in the pool annually. This familial disease has both medical and social implications, and therefore there is a need to assess the magnitude of beta-Thalassemia trait amongst family members of Thalassemia major patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional descriptive study enrolled 674 blood samples from first degree relatives of registered patients of Thalassemia major at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore. Peripheral blood smears were studied for abnormal morphology findings of microcytosis, hypochromia, poikilocytosis (tear drops, target cells) and Erythrocyte indices (haemoglobin, RBCs, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration) and Hb electrophoretic (HbA, HbA2, & HbF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hb electrophoresis showed 61% of the study subjects had haemoglobinopathies. Frequency of beta-Thalassemia trait was highest followed by beta-Thalassemia major, HbE trait, HbD Punjab and Hb intermedia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings strongly suggest screening for beta-Thalassemia trait in families of Thalassemia major patients.
authors.forename: Tazeen
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Majeed
authors.forename: Mohammed Adil
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Akhter
authors.forename: Ujala
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nayyar
authors.forename: Muhammad Safwan
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Riaz
authors.forename: Jovaria
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mannan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004586:Electrophoresis; D004909:Erythrocyte Indices; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult; D017086:beta-Thalassemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins