title: Characteristics of visual-perceptual function measured by the motor-free visual perception test-3 in korean adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To adapt and standardize the Motor-Free Visual Perception Test-3 (MVPT-3) to Koreans and investigate the change in visual-perceptual function using the MVPT-3 in healthy Korean adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Korean version of the MVPT-3 was developed through a cross-cultural adaptation process according to 6 steps, including translation, reconciliation, back translation, cognitive debriefing, feedback, and final reconciliation. A total of 321 healthy Korean volunteers (mean age, 51.05 years) were recruited. We collected participant demographic data, such as sex, age, and years of education, and performed the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) and MVPT-3. Internal consistency of the MVPT-3 and the relationships between demographic data, K-MMSE and MVPT-3 scores were analyzed. The results of this study were compared with published data from western countries including the United States and Canada.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total score on the MVPT-3 was positively correlated with years of education (r=0.715, p<0.001) and K-MMSE score (r=0.718, p<0.001). However, it had a negative correlation with age (r=-0.669, p<0.001). A post-hoc analysis of MVPT-3 scores classified age into 5 groups of ≤49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, ≥80 years and years of education into 4 groups of 0, 1-9, 10-12, ≥13 years. No significant differences in MVPT-3 scores were observed according to sex or country.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Visual perception was significantly influenced by age, years of education, and cognitive function. Reference values for the MVPT-3 provided in this study will be useful for evaluating and planning a rehabilitation program of visual perceptual function in patients with brain disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: A-Reum
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Rehabilitation Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Doo-Yung
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Woong
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Im
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sahmyook Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Byung-Joo
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Nam
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Bom
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Pyun
keywords: Brain diseases; Cognition disorders; Reference standards; Visual perception