title: Unraveling the miswired connectome: a developmental perspective.
abstract: The vast majority of mental illnesses can be conceptualized as developmental disorders of neural interactions within the connectome, or developmental miswiring. The recent maturation of pediatric in vivo brain imaging is bringing the identification of clinically meaningful brain-based biomarkers of developmental disorders within reach. Even more auspicious is the ability to study the evolving connectome throughout life, beginning in utero, which promises to move the field from topological phenomenology to etiological nosology. Here, we scope advances in pediatric imaging of the brain connectome as the field faces the challenge of unraveling developmental miswiring. We highlight promises while also providing a pragmatic review of the many obstacles ahead that must be overcome to significantly impact public health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Child Study Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Martino
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Neuroscience and Psychiatry Departments and Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97329, USA.
authors.forename: Damien A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Fair
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Child Study Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Theodore D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Satterthwaite
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Child Study Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA.
authors.forename: F Xavier
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Castellanos
authors.affiliation: Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute for Child and Family Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
authors.forename: Moriah E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Thomason
authors.affiliation: Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY 10022, USA.
authors.forename: R Cameron
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Craddock
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Luna
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Bennett L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Leventhal
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Xi-Nian
authors.initials: XN
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.affiliation: Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY 10022, USA. Electronic address: michael.milham@childmind.org.
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Milham
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D063132:Connectome / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008959:Models, Neurological