title: Prenatal exposure to nicotine in pregnant rat increased inflammatory marker in newborn rat.
abstract: This study aimed to investigate any inflammatory effect of nicotine on rat embryo by exposing their mothers to different dosages of nicotine during pregnancy. During this experimental study, 32 pregnant healthy Wistar rats were divided into 4 equal groups, including a control and 3 nicotine exposure groups. Injections were performed subcutaneously starting at the first day of pregnancy until parturition. As the dosages of nicotine were increased, the weight gain by pregnant rats and the mean weight of their newborns were significantly reduced. Mean ± SD of hs-CRP was significantly higher among groups exposed to various dosages of nicotine (2, 4, and 6 mg/kg) compared to the control group (P < 0.0001) and its increasing rate was also dose dependent. Mean ± SD serum level of IL-6 and TNF-α among all groups exposed to nicotine, except for 2 mg/kg nicotine injected group, was increased significantly (P < 0.0001). Mean ± SD of serum level of TGF-β and nitrite oxide among exposure groups showed significant differences compared to the control group only at the dosage of 6 mg/kg (P < 0.0001). The current study showed that exposing pregnant rats to nicotine causes a dose dependent increase in the rate of all the studied inflammatory serum markers among their newborns.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam 6931435647, Iran.
authors.forename: Yosouf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mohsenzadeh
authors.affiliation: Student Researches Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam 6931435647, Iran.
authors.forename: Asghar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahmani
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Ilam University, Ilam 6931435647, Iran.
authors.forename: Javad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheraghi
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963111, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pyrani
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam 6931435647, Iran ; The researches Centre of Psychosocial Injuries, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam 6931435647, Iran.
authors.forename: Khairollah
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7701-1558
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asadollahi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009538:Nicotine; D002097:C-Reactive Protein