title: Pomegranate phenolics inhibit formation of advanced glycation endproducts by scavenging reactive carbonyl species.
abstract: Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGEs) are a heterogeneous group of molecules produced from non-enzymatic glycation. Accumulation of AGEs in vivo plays an important role in the pathology of chronic human diseases including type-2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Natural AGEs inhibitors such as the pomegranate (Punica granatum) fruit show great potential for the management of these diseases. Herein, we investigated the in vitro anti-glycation effects of a pomegranate fruit extract (PE), its phenolic constituents [punicalagin (PA), ellagic acid (EA) and gallic acid (GA)], and their in vivo derived colonic metabolites [urolithin A (UA) and urolithin B (UB)]. All of the samples showed anti-glycation activities and PE, PA, and EA were more potent inhibitors than the positive control, aminoguanidine. PE and the purified phenolics also exhibited carbonyl scavenger reactivity. Our study suggests that pomegranate may offer an attractive dietary strategy for the prevention and treatment of AGE-related diseases such as type-2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA. jdain@chm.uri.edu.
authors.forename: Weixi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Frost
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Joel A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dain
authors.forename: Navindra P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Seeram
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D003374:Coumarins / Q000032:analysis; D004610:Ellagic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism*; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins / Q000032:analysis; D029561:Lythraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003374:Coumarins; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins; D010636:Phenols; C000595064:urolithin B; C026423:3,8-dihydroxy-6H-dibenzo(b,d)pyran-6-one; D004610:Ellagic Acid; D005707:Gallic Acid; C115642:punicalagin