title: Techniques of rapid sequence induction and intubation at a university teaching hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rapid sequence induction and intubation (RSII) is a medical procedure involving a prompt induction of general anesthesia by using cricoid pressure that prevents regurgitation of gastric contents. The factors affecting RSII are prophylaxis for aspiration, preoxygenation, drug and equipment preparation for RSII, ventilation after induction till intubation and patient condition. We sometimes saw difficulties with the practice of this technique in our hospital operation theatres. The aim of this study was to assess the techniques of rapid sequence induction and intubation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital based observational study was conducted with a standardized checklist. All patients who were operated upon under general anesthesia during the study period were included. The techniques of RSII were observed during the induction of anesthesia by trained anesthetists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Altogether 140 patients were included in this study with a response rate of 95.2%. Prophylaxis was not given to 130 patients (92.2%), and appropriate drugs were not used for RSII in 73 patients (52.1%), equipments for difficult intubation in 21 (15%), suction machines with catheter not connected and turned on in 122 (87.1%), ventilation for patients after induction and before intubation in 41 (29.3%), cricoid pressure released before cuff inflation in 12 (12.1%), and difficult intubation in 8 (5.7%), respectively. RSII with cricoid pressure was applied appropriately in 94 (67.1%) patients, but cricoid pressure was not used in 46 (32.9%) patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The techniques of rapid sequence induction and intubation was low. Training should be given for anesthetists about the techniques of RSII.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, School of Medicine, Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gonder, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Endale G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Gebremedhn
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, School of Medicine, Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gonder, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Kefale D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Gebeyehu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, School of Medicine, Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gonder, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Hintsawit A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Ayana
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, School of Medicine, Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gonder, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Keder E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Oumer
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, School of Medicine, Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gonder, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Hulgize N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Ayalew
keywords: General anesthesia; Induction; Intubation; Pulmonary aspiration; Rapid sequence