title: Evaluation of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities of Euphorbia hirta ethanolic extract.
abstract: This study evaluated the chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of a Euphorbia hirta L. extract. The antioxidant activities of whole E. hirta ethanol extract were determined by electron spin resonance spectrophotometric analysis of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, and alkyl radical levels and by using an online high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assay. The E. hirta ethanol extract (0.5 mg/mL) exhibited DPPH-scavenging activity of 61.19% ± 0.22%, while the positive control (0.5 mg/mL ascorbic acid) had 100% ± 0.22% activity. The concentration of the extract required to trap 50% of DPPH (IC50) was 0.205 mg/mL. Online HPLC analysis of the extract also showed strong antioxidant activity. The anti-inflammatory activity of the E. hirta extract was assessed in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. The anti-inflammatory activity was highest in the presence of 200 µg/mL E. hirta extract, and nitric oxide production was decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The extract also showed selective anticancer activity at a concentration of 100 µg/mL (p < 0.05). These results indicated that E. hirta may warrant further investigation for the development of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer herbal medications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea. drneelesh_sharma@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Neelesh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea. kalpa.samarakoon@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kalpa W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Samarakoon
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biotechnology, School of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea. ragyawali@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rajendra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gyawali
authors.affiliation: BRM Institute, Seoul 135-010, Korea. brmlife@brmrnd.com.
authors.forename: Yang-Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biotechnology, School of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea. sjlee@kangwon.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sung-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea. ohsjong@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sung Jong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea. thlee83@chonnam.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Tae-Hoon
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea. newdkjeong@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Dong Kee
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Jeong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D028481:Euphorbia / Q000737:chemistry; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D005609:Free Radicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009569:Nitric Oxide