title: Barriers to health care among people with disabilities who are members of underserved racial/ethnic groups: a scoping review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Understanding barriers to health care access experienced by people with disabilities who are members of underserved racial/ethnic groups is key to developing interventions to improve access.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To conduct a scoping review of the literature to examine the published literature on barriers to health care access for people with disabilities who are members of underserved racial/ethnic groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles cited in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL between the year 2000 and June 19, 2013. In addition, table of contents of 4 journals and the reference lists of the included article were reviewed for potentially relevant titles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies examining barriers to health care access among adults aged 18-64 with disabilities who are members of an underserved racial/ethnic group were included. Two reviewers screened abstracts, screened each full-text article and extracted data, and discrepancies were resolved by consensus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten studies were identified that met all inclusion criteria. The most frequently described barriers were uninsurance, language, low education level, and no usual source of care. Barriers to health care access related to race or ethnicity (6 studies) and disability (1 study) were observed less often than those related to socioeconomic status or health care systems factors (9 studies).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings reflect a critical gap in the literature. Greater attention is needed to subgroup differences including race, ethnicity, and culture within the population of people with disabilities.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Public Health, Pacific University, Forest Grove OR †Oregon Evidence-based Practice Center, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR ‡Institute on Development and Disability, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR §Department of Pediatrics, Center for Child and Human Development, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC ∥Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Jana J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Peterson-Besse
authors.forename: Emily S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Willi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Horner-Johnson
authors.forename: Tawara D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Goode
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wheeler
mesh_terms: D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D005006:Ethnicity; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D044469:Racial Groups; D012307:Risk Factors; D012923:Social Class