title: Fear-avoidance beliefs about physical activity in adults with rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to describe fear-avoidance beliefs about physical activity and explore how these beliefs correlate with sociodemographic, disease-specific, and psychosocial factors in adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study is part of the Physical Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis (PARA) 2010 study. The study participants (n = 2351) were identified through the Swedish Rheumatology Quality (SRQ) registries from six rheumatology clinics in Sweden. Univariate and backwards stepwise logistic regressions were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stepwise logistic regressions showed that male gender [odds ratio (OR) 1.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26-1.91] and having a below average income (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.12-1.63) were associated with an increased risk of high scores on the modified Fear Avoidance-Belief Questionnaire (mFABQ). The two disease-specific factors most indicative of high mFABQ scores were high level of pain (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.40-2.84) and poor health (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.10-2.29). With regard to psychosocial factors, low health-related quality of life (HRQoL; OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.35-0.55) and a low score on the Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (ESES; OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.52-0.82) were significantly associated with a high mFABQ score. The model fit was 0.27 (Nagelkerke's R(2)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High fear-avoidance beliefs about physical activity in patients with RA were found to be associated with being male and having a below average income, a high level of pain, poor health, a low HRQoL, and low ESES score. Additional research is warranted for adults with RA to capture the multiple potential correlates to fear-avoidance beliefs about physical activity.
authors.affiliation: Sophiahemmet University , Stockholm , Sweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lööf
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Demmelmaier
authors.forename: E Welin
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Henriksson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lindblad
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nordgren
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Opava
authors.forename: U-B
authors.initials: UB
authors.lastname: Johansson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D001362:Avoidance Learning; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011584:Psychology; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden