title: The dynamic behavior of storage organelles in developing cereal seeds and its impact on the production of recombinant proteins.
abstract: Cereal endosperm is a highly differentiated tissue containing specialized organelles for the accumulation of storage proteins, which are ultimately deposited either within protein bodies derived from the endoplasmic reticulum, or in protein storage vacuoles (PSVs). During seed maturation endosperm cells undergo a rapid sequence of developmental changes, including extensive reorganization and rearrangement of the endomembrane system and protein transport via several developmentally regulated trafficking routes. Storage organelles have been characterized in great detail by the histochemical analysis of fixed immature tissue samples. More recently, in vivo imaging and the use of tonoplast markers and fluorescent organelle tracers have provided further insight into the dynamic morphology of PSVs in different cell layers of the developing endosperm. This is relevant for biotechnological applications in the area of molecular farming because seed storage organelles in different cereal crops offer alternative subcellular destinations for the deposition of recombinant proteins that can reduce proteolytic degradation, allow control over glycan structures and increase the efficacy of oral delivery. We discuss how the specialized architecture and developmental changes of the endomembrane system in endosperm cells may influence the subcellular fate and post-translational modification of recombinant glycoproteins in different cereal species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Elsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arcalis
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ibl
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Stanislav
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Melnik
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stoger
keywords: cereal biotechnology; endosperm; molecular farming; recombinant glycoproteins; storage organelles