title: A novel multi-phosphonate surface treatment of titanium dental implants: a study in sheep.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate a new multi-phosphonate surface treatment (SurfLink®) in an unloaded sheep model. Treated implants were compared to control implants in terms of bone to implant contact (BIC), bone formation, and biomechanical stability. The study used two types of implants (rough or machined surface finish) each with either the multi-phosphonate Wet or Dry treatment or no treatment (control) for a total of six groups. Animals were sacrificed after 2, 8, and 52 weeks. No adverse events were observed at any time point. At two weeks, removal torque showed significantly higher values for the multi-phosphonate treated rough surface (+32% and +29%, Dry and Wet, respectively) compared to rough control. At 52 weeks, a significantly higher removal torque was observed for the multi-phosphonate treated machined surfaces (+37% and 23%, Dry and Wet, respectively). The multi-phosphonate treated groups showed a positive tendency for higher BIC with time and increased new-old bone ratio at eight weeks. SEM images revealed greater amounts of organic materials on the multi-phosphonate treated compared to control implants, with the bone fracture (from the torque test) appearing within the bone rather than at the bone to implant interface as it occurred for control implants.
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Equine Hospital, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zürich 8057, Switzerland. msidler@vetclinics.uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Marcella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: von Salis-Soglio
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Equine Hospital, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zürich 8057, Switzerland. stefan.stuebinger@cabmm.uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stübinger
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Equine Hospital, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zürich 8057, Switzerland. msidler@vetclinics.uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Michéle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sidler
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Equine Hospital, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zürich 8057, Switzerland. kkaempf@vetclinics.uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich 8093, Switzerland. sferguson@ethz.ch.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Equine Hospital, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zürich 8057, Switzerland. kkaempf@vetclinics.uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Käthi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kämpf
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Equine Hospital, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zürich 8057, Switzerland. zlin@vetpath.uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Katalin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zlinszky
authors.affiliation: Nano Bridging Molecules SA, Rte Cité Ouest 2, Gland 1196, Switzerland. sabrina.buchini@nbmolecules.com.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buchini
authors.affiliation: Nano Bridging Molecules SA, Rte Cité Ouest 2, Gland 1196, Switzerland. richard.curno@nbmolecules.com.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Curno
authors.affiliation: Nano Bridging Molecules SA, Rte Cité Ouest 2, Gland 1196, Switzerland. peter.pechy@nbmolecules.com.
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Péchy
authors.affiliation: Nano Bridging Molecules SA, Rte Cité Ouest 2, Gland 1196, Switzerland. bjorn-owe.aronsson@nbmolecules.com.
authors.forename: Bjorn-Owe
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Aronsson
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Equine Hospital, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zürich 8057, Switzerland. bvonrechenberg@vetclinics.uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: von Rechenberg