title: Relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma: new therapeutic strategies.
abstract: New treatment options for patients with myeloma have helped to change the natural history of this disease, even in the context of relapsed disease. For standard-risk patients, doublet-based therapy may offer benefit, whereas for patients with aggressive or genetically high-risk disease combinations of agents are needed for adequate disease control. Second-generation agents offer significant activity for patients with refractory myeloma, and new categories of agents provide new targets for future study and clinical use. Combinations of these agents in selected patient populations represent the next stage in the quest to cure myeloma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Via Conca 71, Ancona 60126, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gentili
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, 1365 Clifton Road, Building C, Room 4004, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. Electronic address: sloni01@emory.edu.
authors.forename: Sagar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lonial
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012074:Remission Induction; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009842:Oligopeptides; D013792:Thalidomide; C524865:carfilzomib; C467566:pomalidomide
keywords: Complete remission; Emerging agents; Immunomodulatory drugs; Multiple myeloma; Prognostic factors; Proteasome inhibitors; Relapsed/refractory