title: More than words: the emotional maltreatment of children.
abstract: Emotional maltreatment may be the most complex, prevalent, and damaging form of child maltreatment and can occur simultaneously with other forms of abuse. Children in the first few years of life seem to be at the greatest risk of suffering the most negative outcomes. Medical professionals can help identify and protect victims of emotional maltreatment by carefully observing caregiver-child interactions, paying attention to a family's social history, making referrals to community or counseling programs when necessary, and reporting any suspicions of maltreatment to Child Protective Services. A well-coordinated, multidisciplinary response must be enacted whenever emotional maltreatment is suspected or reported.
authors.affiliation: Section of Child Protection Programs, Indiana University School of Medicine, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Room 3038 C, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. Electronic address: campbela@iu.edu.
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: Section of Child Protection Programs, Indiana University School of Medicine, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Room 3038 C, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hibbard
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Child abuse; Child maltreatment; Domestic violence; Emotional abuse; Emotional maltreatment; Psychological abuse