title: [Pain perception of nurses and pain expression of patients in critical care units].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was done to identify pain perception (P-PER) by nurses and pain expression (P-EXP) by patients in critical care units (ICUs) and degree of agreement between nurses' P-PER and patients' P-EXP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nurses' P-PER was measured with a self-administered questionnaire completed by 99 nurses working in ICUs during May, 2013. Patients' P-EXP was measured with the Critical Care Non-Verbal Pain Scale through observations of 31 ICU patients during nine nursing procedures (NPs) performed between May and July, 2013.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nurses' P-PER was from 4.49 points for nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion to 0.83 for blood pressure (BP) measurement based on a 9-point scale, Patients' P-EXP was 4.48 points for NGT to 0.18 for BP measurement based on a 10-point scale. Eight NPs except oral care showed higher scores for nurses' P-PER than for patients' P-EXP. Position change (p=.019), subcutaneous injection (p<.001), blood sugar test (p<.001), and BP measurement (p<.001) showed significant differences between nurses' P-PER and patients' P-EXP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion was scored highest by both nurses and patients. Eight NPs except 'oral care' showed nurses' P-PER was higher or similar to patients' P-EXP, which indicates that nurses may overestimate procedural pain experienced by patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Hee
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea. jeongis@pusan.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Ihn Sook
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Jeong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D060666:Airway Extubation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D058748:Pain Perception; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Facial expression; Intensive care units; Pain; Perception