title: Continued cognitive-behavior therapy versus sertraline for children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder that were non-responders to cognitive-behavior therapy: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: Expert guidelines recommend cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) as a first-line treatment in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and the addition of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors when CBT is not effective. However, the recommendations for CBT non-responders are not supported by empirical data. Our objective was to investigate the effectiveness of sertraline (SRT) versus continued CBT in children and adolescents that did not respond to an initial course of CBT. Randomized controlled trial conducted in five sites in Denmark, Sweden and Norway, 54 children and adolescents, age 7-17 years, with DSM-IV primary OCD were randomized to SRT or continued CBT for 16 weeks. These participants had been classified as non-responders to CBT following 14 weekly sessions. Primary outcomes were the CY-BOCS total score and clinical response (CY-BOCS <16). The study was a part of the Nordic Long-Term OCD Treatment Study (NordLOTS). Intent-to-treat sample included 50 participants, mean age 14.0 (SD = 2.7) and 48 (n = 24) males. Twenty-one of 28 participants (75%) completed continued CBT and 15 of 22 participants (69.2%) completed SRT. Planned pairwise comparison of the CY-BOCS total score did not reveal a significant difference between the treatments (p = .351), the response rate was 50.0% in the CBT group and 45.4% in the SRT group. The multivariate χ (2) test suggested that there were no statistically significant differences between groups (p = .727). Within-group effect sizes were large and significant across both treatments. These large within-group effect sizes suggest that continued treatment for CBT non-responders is beneficial. However, there was no significant between-group differences in SRT or continued CBT at post-treatment.
authors.affiliation: Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway, Gullhaugveien 1-3, 0484, Oslo, Norway, gudmundr@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gudmundur
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Skarphedinsson
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weidle
authors.forename: Per Hove
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Thomsen
authors.forename: Kitty
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dahl
authors.forename: Nor Christian
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Torp
authors.forename: Judith B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Nissen
authors.forename: Karin Holmgren
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Melin
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hybel
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Valderhaug
authors.forename: Tore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wentzel-Larsen
authors.forename: Scott N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Compton
authors.forename: Tord
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ivarsson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003718:Denmark; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009664:Norway; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020280:Sertraline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013548:Sweden; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D020280:Sertraline