title: Influence of microglial activation on neuronal function in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease dementia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the two common neurodegenerative diseases characterized by progressive neuronal dysfunction in the presence of pathological microglial activation.
  
  
  METHODS
  10 AD, 10 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 11 PD dementia (PDD), and 16 controls underwent magnetic resonance imaging, [11C](R)PK11195 (1-[2-chlorophenyl]-N-methyl-N-[1-methyl-propyl]-3-isoquinoline carboxamide), [11C]PIB (11C-Pittsburgh compound B), [18F]FDG-PET (18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography) scans. Parametric images were interrogated using region of interest (ROI), biological parametric mapping (BPM) and statistical parametric mapping analysis, and neuropsychometric tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using BPM analysis, AD, MCI, and PDD subjects demonstrated significant correlation between increased microglial activation and reduced glucose metabolism (rCMRGlc). AD and MCI subjects also showed significant positive correlation between amyloid and microglial activation. Levels of cortical microglial activation were negatively correlated with Mini-Mental State Examination in both AD and PDD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The significant inverse correlations between cortical levels of microglial activation and rCMRGlc in AD and PDD suggest cortical neuroinflammation may drive neuronal dysfunction in these dementias.
authors.affiliation: Neurology Imaging Unit, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Neurology Imaging Unit, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Yahyah
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aman
authors.affiliation: Neurology Imaging Unit, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Imtiaz
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Inserm-EPHE-University of Caen/Basse-Normandie, Caen, France.
authors.forename: Gaël
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chetelat
authors.affiliation: Inserm-EPHE-University of Caen/Basse-Normandie, Caen, France.
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Landeau
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, National Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, and King's Health Partners, London, UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ray Chaudhuri
authors.affiliation: Neurology Imaging Unit, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.affiliation: Neurology Imaging Unit, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK. Electronic address: paul.edison@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Edison
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D000682:Amyloid / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007546:Isoquinolines; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D017628:Microglia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
chemical_list: D000682:Amyloid; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D007546:Isoquinolines; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005947:Glucose; C037850:PK 11195
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Correlation; FDG; Mild cognitive impairment; PIB; PK11195; Parkinson's disease dementia