title: Immunohistochemical profile of the dural tail in intracranial meningiomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The dural tail sign was first described as a thin, tapering rim of dural enhancement, in continuity with meningiomas on enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images. However, the exact nature of the dural tail is still unclear. This study investigated the immunohistochemical (IHC) characteristics of the dural tail in intracranial meningiomas and the correlation between clinicopathological profiles and tumor invasion of the dural tail.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consisted of 36 patients of meningioma with the dural tail noted on MR imaging and in pathological findings, and 18 patients of meningioma without the dural tail as the control group. IHC staining of tumor masses and dural tails for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epithelial membrane antigen, CD34, Ki-67, and vimentin were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data showed that 61.1 % (22/36) of cases in the study group revealed tumor invasion of dural tail, and 55.6 % (30/54) of all the cases demonstrated dura mater invasion in all the samples. The dura mater invasion was significantly positively related to invasion of the dural tail in the study group (p = 0.009). IHC staining detected higher expression of VEGF and CD34 in the dural tail than in the main tumor mass.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering the high proportion of patients with tumor invasion into the dural tail, we tried to perform wide resection of the dural tail during intracranial meningioma surgery. Furthermore, VEGF was strongly expressed in tumor cells that invaded into the dural tail, and hence VEGF can be used as a marker to differentiate tumor cells from normal meningeal cells in the dural tail.
authors.affiliation: Brain Tumor Research Laboratory and Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, South Korea, wenmin0086@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Kyung-Sub
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.forename: Kyung-Hwa
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Shu-Guang
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Song-Yuan
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hyang-Hwa
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Ryu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008579:Meningioma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D018396:Mucin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D014746:Vimentin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018396:Mucin-1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D014746:Vimentin