title: Oxygen consumption of human heart cells in monolayer culture.
abstract: Tissue engineering in cardiovascular regenerative therapy requires the development of an efficient oxygen supply system for cell cultures. However, there are few studies which have examined human cardiomyocytes in terms of oxygen consumption and metabolism in culture. We developed an oxygen measurement system equipped with an oxygen microelectrode sensor and estimated the oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) by using the oxygen concentration profiles in culture medium. The heart is largely made up of cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, and cardiac endothelial cells. Therefore, we measured the oxygen consumption of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs), cardiac fibroblasts, human cardiac microvascular endothelial cell and aortic smooth muscle cells. Then we made correlations with their metabolisms. In hiPSC-CMs, the value of the OCR was 0.71±0.38pmol/h/cell, whereas the glucose consumption rate and lactate production rate were 0.77±0.32pmol/h/cell and 1.61±0.70pmol/h/cell, respectively. These values differed significantly from those of the other cells in human heart. The metabolism of the cells that constitute human heart showed the molar ratio of lactate production to glucose consumption (L/G ratio) that ranged between 1.97 and 2.2. Although the energy metabolism in adult heart in vivo is reported to be aerobic, our data demonstrated a dominance of anaerobic glycolysis in an in vitro environment. With our measuring system, we clearly showed the differences in the metabolism of cells between in vivo and in vitro monolayer culture. Our results regarding cell OCRs and metabolism may be useful for future tissue engineering of human heart.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sekine
authors.affiliation: Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.
authors.forename: Erina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maeyama
authors.affiliation: Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.affiliation: Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Haraguchi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.affiliation: Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan. Electronic address: shimizu.tatsuya@twmu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimizu
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003470:Culture Media; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006019:Glycolysis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008839:Microelectrodes; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D058628:Myofibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D023822:Tissue Engineering
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D019344:Lactic Acid; D005947:Glucose; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Cardiomyocytes; Human induced pluripotent stem cells; Oxygen consumption; Oxygen microelectrode sensor