title: Cytokine levels in pleural fluid as markers of acute rejection after lung transplantation.
abstract: Our objective was to determine the levels of lactate dehydrogenase, IL-6, IL-8, and VEGF, as well as the total and differential cell counts, in the pleural fluid of lung transplant recipients, correlating those levels with the occurrence and severity of rejection. We analyzed pleural fluid samples collected from 18 patients at various time points (up to postoperative day 4). The levels of IL-6, IL-8, and VEGF tended to elevate in parallel with increases in the severity of rejection. Our results suggest that these levels are markers of acute graft rejection in lung transplant recipients.
authors.affiliation: Heart Institute, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Priscila Cilene León Bueno de
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.affiliation: Heart Institute, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Eduardo
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Afonso
authors.affiliation: Heart Institute, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos Naoyuki
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Samano
authors.affiliation: Heart Institute, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Milena Marques Pagliarelli
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Acencio
authors.affiliation: Hospital das Clínicas, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Antonangelo
authors.affiliation: Hospital das Clínicas, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo Henrique de Oliveira Braga
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Teixeira
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis*; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D016040:Lung Transplantation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines