title: Caffeine treatment prevented from weight regain after calorie shifting diet induced weight loss.
abstract: Low calorie diets are always difficult for obese subjects to follow and lead to metabolic and behavioral adaptation. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of caffeine treatment with calorie shifting diet (CSD) on weight loss. Female subjects (n=60; BMI≥25) completed 4-weeks control diet, 6-weeks CSD (3 repeated phases; each 2-weeks) and 4-weeks follow-up diet, with or without caffeine treatment (5 mg/Kg/day). The first 11 days of each phase included calorie restriction with four meals every day and 4 hours intervals. Significant weight and fat loss were observed after 4-weeks of CSD (5.7 ± 1.24 Kg and 4.84 ± 1.53 Kg) or CSD+Caffeine (7.57 ± 2.33 Kg and 5.24 ± 2.07 Kg) which was consistent for one month of the follow-up (CSD: 5.24 ± 1.83 Kg and 4.3 ± 1.62 Kg, CSD+Caffeine: 12.11 ± 2.31 Kg and 9.85 ± 1.6 Kg, p < 0.05 vs CSD group) and correlated to the restricted energy intake (p < 0.05). During three CSD phases, RMR tended to remain unchanged in both groups.While, CSD or CSD + Caffeine treatments, significantly decreased plasma glucose, total-cholesterol, and triacylglycerol (p < 0.05), even during follow-up period (p < 0.05). HDL-cholesterol was not changed by CSD. Feeling of hunger decreased and subject's satisfaction increased after 4-weeks of CSD (p < 0.05) and remained low to the end of study, while satiety was not affected. Coffeine increased the effect of CSD on feeling of hunger and subject's satisfaction after week 7 (p < 0.05 vs. CSD). These findings indicated that combination of caffeine treatment with CSD could be an effective alternative approach to weight and fat loss with small changes in RMR and improved tolerance of subjects to the new diet.
authors.affiliation: National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sayed Hossein
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Davoodi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences.
authors.forename: Seyed Javad
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hajimiresmaiel
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Marjan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ajami
authors.affiliation: School of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.
authors.forename: Anoushiravan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohseni-Bandpei
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyyed Abdulmajid
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ayatollahi
authors.affiliation: Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dowlatshahi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Iran University of Medical Sciences.
authors.forename: Gholamali
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Javedan
authors.affiliation: Physiology Research Center. Iran University of Medical Sciences.
authors.forename: Hamidreza
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pazoki-Toroudi
keywords: Caffeine; Calorie shifting diet; Diet; Obesity; Resting metabolic rate; Weight loss