title: Sensitivity of epicardial electrical markers to acute ischemia detection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We hypothesize that electrocardiographic measurements from the intramyocardial space contain more sensitive markers of ischemia than those detectable on the epicardium. The goal of this study was to evaluate different electrical markers for their potential to detect the earliest phases of acute myocardial ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted acute ischemia studies in open chest animal, by creating finely controlled demand or supply ischemic episodes and recording intramyocardial and epicardial potentials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Under the conditions of mild perfusion deficit, acute ischemia induced changes in the T wave that were larger and could be detected earlier on the epicardial surface than ST-segment changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that in the setting of very acute ischemia, epicardial T waves have higher sensitivity to mild degrees of acute ischemia than epicardial ST potentials. These results suggest that changes in the T wave shape may augment shifts in ST segments to improve ECG based localization of ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering Department, Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, CVRTI, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. Electronic address: kedar.aras@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kedar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aras
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering Department, Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, CVRTI, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering Department, Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Darrell
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Swenson
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering Department, Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, CVRTI, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: MacLeod
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010496:Pericardium / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Acute Ischemia; Epicardium; Intramyocardial electrograms; ST segment; T wave