title: Consensus on quality indicators to assess the organisation of palliative cancer and dementia care applicable across national healthcare systems and selected by international experts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Large numbers of vulnerable patients are in need of palliative cancer and dementia care. However, a wide gap exists between the knowledge of best practices in palliative care and their use in everyday clinical practice. As part of a European policy improvement program, quality indicators (QIs) have been developed to monitor and improve the organisation of palliative care for patients with cancer and those with dementia in various settings in different European countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multidisciplinary, international panel of professionals participated in a modified RAND Delphi procedure to compose a set of palliative care QIs based on existing sets of QIs on the organisation of palliative care. Panellists participated in three written rounds, one feedback round and one meeting. The panel's median votes were used to identify the final set of QIs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Delphi procedure resulted in 23 useful QIs. These QIs represent key elements of the organisation of good clinical practice, such as the availability of palliative care teams, the availability of special facilities to provide palliative care for patients and their relatives, and the presence of educational interventions for professionals. The final set also includes QIs that are related to the process of palliative care, such as documentation of pain and other symptoms, communication with patients in need of palliative care and their relatives, and end-of-life decisions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  International experts selected a set of 23 QIs for the organisation of palliative care. Although we particularly focused on the organisation of cancer and dementia palliative care, most QIs are generic and are applicable for other types of diseases as well.
authors.affiliation: Scientific Institute for Quality of Healthcare (IQ healthcare), Radboud university medical center, P,O, Box 9101, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Jasper.vanRietPaap@radboudumc.nl.
authors.forename: Jasper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Riet Paap
authors.forename: Myrra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vernooij-Dassen
authors.forename: Rose-Marie
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Dröes
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Radbruch
authors.forename: Kris
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vissers
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Engels
mesh_terms: D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards*; D003697:Delphi Technique; D003704:Dementia / Q000628:therapy*; D005060:Europe; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000592:standards*; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care