title: Morphological and physical analysis of natural phospholipids-based biomembranes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Liposomes are currently an important part of biological, pharmaceutical, medical and nutritional research, as they are considered to be among the most effective carriers for the introduction of various types of bioactive agents into target cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this work, we study the lipid organization and mechanical properties of biomembranes made of marine and plant phospholipids. Membranes based on phospholipids extracted from rapeseed and salmon are studied in the form of liposome and as supported lipid bilayer. Dioleylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) are used as references to determine the lipid organization of marine and plant phospholipid based membranes. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging and force spectroscopy measurements are performed to investigate the membranes' topography at the micrometer scale and to determine their mechanical properties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mechanical properties of the membranes are correlated to the fatty acid composition, the morphology, the electrophoretic mobility and the membrane fluidity. Thus, soft and homogeneous mechanical properties are evidenced for salmon phospholipids membrane containing various polyunsaturated fatty acids. Besides, phase segregation in rapeseed membrane and more important mechanical properties were emphasized for this type of membranes by contrast to the marine phospholipids based membranes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This paper provides new information on the nanomechanical and morphological properties of membrane in form of liposome by AFM. The originality of this work is to characterize the physico-chemical properties of the nanoliposome from the natural sources containing various fatty acids and polar head.
authors.affiliation: Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Ingénierie des Biomolécules, TSA 40602, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Adrien
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jacquot
authors.affiliation: Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement, UMR 7564, Villers-lès-Nancy, France; CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement, UMR 7564, Villers-lès-Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Grégory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Francius
authors.affiliation: Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, UMR 7360, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; CNRS, Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, UMR 7360, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Angelina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Razafitianamaharavo
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Fariba
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dehghani
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tamayol
authors.affiliation: Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Ingénierie des Biomolécules, TSA 40602, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Linder
authors.affiliation: Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Ingénierie des Biomolécules, TSA 40602, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Elmira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arab-Tehrany
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D029741:Brassica rapa / Q000378:metabolism*; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry*; D008560:Membrane Fluidity; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D012474:Salmon / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008081:Liposomes; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010743:Phospholipids