title: The effectiveness of Kayaking exercises as compared to general mobility exercises in reducing axial rigidity and improve bed mobility in early to mid stage of Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effectiveness of kayaking exercises in the management of axial rigidity, improve bed mobility by improving trunk rotation in Parkinson's patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental randomized controlled trail conducted at Physiotherapy department of IPM&R, DUHS and neurology Outpatient Department of Civil Hospital Karachi. Sample size of 48 was calculated with the use of openEpi. After baseline assessment 24 participants were assigned to each Kayaking exercise and general mobility exercise groups. Both groups received treatment for 75 minutes, 6 days a week for 4 weeks. Pre and post treatment measurements were determined by goniometer that assessed the cervical and thoracolumbar rotations whereas bed mobility was assessed by Modified Parkinson's Activity Scale (MPAS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Kayaking group mean cervical spine left rotation increased from 32.95+ 9.66 to 47.25 + 10.58, right side cervical spine rotation increased from 34.00 + 10.32 to 47.58 + 11.96, left side thoracolumbar rotation increased from 23.67 + 4.70 to 28.16 + 3.44, right side thoracolumbar rotation increased from 20.79 + 5.34 to 26.45 + 4.62. In control group mean cervical spine left rotation increased from 34.66+ 9.26 to 43.08 + 8.70, right side cervical spine rotation increased from 35.37 + 9.77 to 43.83 + 9.59 , left side thoracolumbar rotation increased from 23.70 + 4.77 to 26.87 + 3.73, right side thoracicolumbar rotation increased from 21.16 + 5.29 to 24.95 + 4.53 (P value <0.001).. Bed mobility on MPAS scale also showed significant improvements (P value <0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both Kayaking and general exercises resulted in significant improvements after 4 weeks of treatment. However, Kayaking exercises were slightly more beneficial than general exercises.
authors.affiliation: Faiza Shujaat, MSPT, Institute of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi Pakistan.
authors.forename: Faiza
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shujaat
authors.affiliation: Dr. Nabila Soomro, FCPS, Institute of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi Pakistan.
authors.forename: Nabila
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Soomro
authors.affiliation: Muhammad Khan, MSc.PT, Institute of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khan
keywords: Parkinson’s disease; axial rigidity; kayaking exercises; physiotherapy; rehabilitation