title: Antioxidant activity of caffeoyl-prolyl-histidine amide and its effects on PDGF-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells.
abstract: Caffeic acid (CA) is one of the antioxidants found in plants, which protects vascular cells against vascular injuries from oxidative stress. In our previous study, caffeoyl-prolyl-histidine amide (CA-L-Pro-L-His-NH2; CA-PH; a CA derivative) was synthesized, which exhibited a strong antioxidant activity with sufficient stability. In this study, we investigated the role of CA-PH in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and confirmed the enhanced antioxidant activity of CA-PH compared with that of CA. In in vitro tube assays, CA-PH showed a higher free-radical-scavenging activity and lipid-peroxidation-inhibition activity than those of CA. In VSMCs, CA-PH significantly reduced hydrogen peroxide-induced ROS generation and increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1. Moreover, CA-PH effectively inhibited the platelet-derived growth factor-induced cellular proliferation of VSMCs, which was confirmed by a decrease in the expression of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen and the phosphorylation of Akt.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seon-Yeong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: Hyun Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jin-Kyoung
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Eun Jig
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: MiRan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Yoon-Sik
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D000077214:Becaplermin; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006639:Histidine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051058:Oncogene Protein v-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000975:Antioxidants; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000077214:Becaplermin; D006639:Histidine; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D051058:Oncogene Protein v-akt; C040048:caffeic acid