title: Delivery of drugs from laminar co-extrudates manufactured by a solvent-free process at room temperature.
abstract: This work aims to design and manufacture laminar co-extrudates as a new dosage form for the delivery of drugs. Co-extrudates made of lipid-based materials with a laminar shape were manufactured at room temperature in the absence of solvents and assessed over time for their mechanical properties (bending strength, deformation, stiffness, and elasticity), density, porosity, thermal behavior and main mechanism of drug release. The study has shown that the extrusion force at steady state increased with the extrusion rate and with the number of layers. The bending strength and stiffness of extrudates increased over time. Laminar co-extrudates with higher number of layers presented a decreasing dissolution efficiency of 38.3 ± 0.6%, 23.0 ± 0.2%, and 12.3 ± 0.2%, for mono-, bi-, and trilayer, respectively. After 90 days, the density, the deformation, and elasticity decreased: trilayer extrudates were the denser and the ones to present the lowest ability to deform and the highest elasticity, whereas monolayer extrudates were the less dense presenting the highest ability to deform. Changes were more evident in the first days after manufacture leading to stabilization over time. Laminar (co-)extrudates have been confirmed as an innovative dosage form for tailored delivery of drugs made without solvents at room temperature.
authors.affiliation: iMed.UL-Departamento de Farmácia Galénica e Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Gonçalo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Pharmazeutisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, TübingenD-72076, Deutschland.
authors.forename: Martin A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wahl
authors.affiliation: iMed.UL-Departamento de Farmácia Galénica e Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal. Electronic address: jfpinto@ff.ul.pt.
authors.forename: JoãO F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Pinto
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003374:Coumarins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D004304:Dosage Forms; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004355:Drug Stability; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D007700:Kinetics; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016062:Porosity; D012995:Solubility; D013499:Surface Properties; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D003374:Coumarins; D004304:Dosage Forms; D004337:Drug Carriers; C030123:coumarin
keywords: co-extrusion; cold extrusion; controlled release; extrusion; green technology; laminar co-extrudate; lipids; mechanical properties; oral drug delivery; transdermal drug delivery