title: [Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis: report of 9 cases].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the clinical characteristics and combination therapy of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical data of 9 patients with rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis treated between January 2008 and January 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical features, diagnosis, pathological characteristics, surgical technique and combination therapy were summarized. All the patients were treated with nasal endoscopic surgery and combined drug therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine patients were under the state of systemic immunosuppression. Two patients died of intracranial infection. One patient with the symptom of headache was first alleviated after treatment, with visual acuity recovered partially, but this patient died 4 months later due to recurrence of mucormycosis and intracranial infection. Two patients with headache recovered after treatment, the visual acuity recovered to the hand movement, endoscopic examination of surgical cavity was clean and epithelialized, with no recurrence, still alive 5 years up to now. The symptom of headache in another 4 patients disappeared after treatment, visual acuity improved significantly, endoscopic surgical cavity was clean, follow-up with no recurrence, survived more than 2 years, and were still in the treatment of primary disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis is a serious chance infectious disease under the state of systemic immunosuppression, the development is rapid and the mortality rate is high, early diagnosis and combined treatment with nasal endoscopic surgery is necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin HuanHu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin HuanHu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China. Email: liugang60@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin HuanHu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hang
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin HuanHu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
authors.forename: Jinling
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009091:Mucormycosis; D009668:Nose Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies