title: Risk factors for and occurrence of postoperative cervical hematoma after thyroid surgery: A single-institution study based on 5156 cases from the past 2 years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The occurrence of and risk factors for postoperative cervical hematoma remain unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective analysis of 5156 patients treated at a single institution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The occurrence of postoperative cervical hematoma was 0.85% (44 of 5156 patients). The multivariate analysis showed that male sex, benign pathology, hypertension, and previous thyroid surgery are individual risk factors with odds ratios of 1.906, 2.004, 7.962, and 4.407, respectively. The majority (88.7%) of hematomas occurred within 12 hours after surgery. Obvious bleeding points were detected in 28 cases (73.6%) during reexploration, surface of the strap muscle, superior thyroid vessel, and end of the recurrent laryngeal nerve were the most frequent bleeding sources.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hematoma often occurs within 12 hours after thyroid surgery. Hypertension, previous thyroid surgery, male sex, and benign pathology may increase the risk of hematoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS), Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS), Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhengjiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS), Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shaoyan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS), Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaolei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS), Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhengang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS), Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Pingzhang
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006406:Hematoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D037981:Neck Dissection; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D013965:Thyroidectomy
keywords: complication; hematoma; neck dissection; risk factor; thyroid surgery