title: Bacteremia is associated with excess long-term mortality: a 12-year population-based cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Little is known about long-term outcomes following bacteremia. We investigated long-term mortality and causes of death among bacteremia patients compared with population controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based cohort study of bacteremia patients and population controls matched on sex, year of birth, residency and calendar time, in Denmark during 2000-2008. We calculated absolute mortality and adjusted mortality rate ratios (MRRs) in predefined follow-up periods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The absolute mortality for bacteremia patients (n = 7783) and population controls (n = 38,906) was 22.0% vs. 0.2% (30 days), 41.4% vs. 2.6% (1 year) and 75.8% vs. 36.6% (10 years). For bacteremia patients, the MRR was 115.3 (95% CI, 88.2-150.9) 0-30 days after bacteremia and 2.1 (95% CI, 1.8-2.3) from 5 years to end of follow-up. The most common causes of death were cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Within one year of bacteremia, the relative risk of death was highest for genitourinary diseases and infectious diseases. Among one-year survivors of bacteremia, the relative risk of death was increased for all major causes of death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bacteremia is associated with a poor prognosis and considerable excess long-term mortality compared with the general population. The most common causes of death after bacteremia are cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This population-based cohort study reports an excess long-term mortality among 7783 bacteremia patients compared with matched population controls during 12 years of follow-up. We identified patients in particular risk of death and reported novel information on causes of death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark. Electronic address: stig.nielsen@rsyd.dk.
authors.forename: Stig Lønberg
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Annmarie Touborg
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Lassen
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Epidemiology, South, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kim Oren
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Gradel
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Thøger Gorm
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Hans Jørn
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kolmos
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Southern Denmark, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jesper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hallas
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Court
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pedersen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bacteremia; Causes of death; Epidemiology; Mortality; Population-based