title: Disrupted brain functional network in internet addiction disorder: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study.
abstract: Internet addiction disorder (IAD) is increasingly recognized as a mental health disorder, particularly among adolescents. The pathogenesis associated with IAD, however, remains unclear. In this study, we aim to explore the encephalic functional characteristics of IAD adolescents at rest using functional magnetic resonance imaging data. We adopted a graph-theoretic approach to investigate possible disruptions of functional connectivity in terms of network properties including small-worldness, efficiency, and nodal centrality on 17 adolescents with IAD and 16 socio-demographically matched healthy controls. False discovery rate-corrected parametric tests were performed to evaluate the statistical significance of group-level network topological differences. In addition, a correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationships between functional connectivity and clinical measures in the IAD group. Our results demonstrate that there is significant disruption in the functional connectome of IAD patients, particularly between regions located in the frontal, occipital, and parietal lobes. The affected connections are long-range and inter-hemispheric connections. Although significant alterations are observed for regional nodal metrics, there is no difference in global network topology between IAD and healthy groups. In addition, correlation analysis demonstrates that the observed regional abnormalities are correlated with the IAD severity and behavioral clinical assessments. Our findings, which are relatively consistent between anatomically and functionally defined atlases, suggest that IAD causes disruptions of functional connectivity and, importantly, that such disruptions might link to behavioral impairments.
authors.affiliation: Image Display, Enhancement, and Analysis (IDEA) Laboratory, Biomedical Research Imaging Center (BRIC) and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Chong-Yaw
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wee
authors.affiliation: Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhimin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Image Display, Enhancement, and Analysis (IDEA) Laboratory, Biomedical Research Imaging Center (BRIC) and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Pew-Thian
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Yap
authors.affiliation: Image Display, Enhancement, and Analysis (IDEA) Laboratory, Biomedical Research Imaging Center (BRIC) and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Guorong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Image Display, Enhancement, and Analysis (IDEA) Laboratory, Biomedical Research Imaging Center (BRIC) and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Image Display, Enhancement, and Analysis (IDEA) Laboratory, Biomedical Research Imaging Center (BRIC) and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: True
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Price
authors.affiliation: Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Yasong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, Jiao Tong University Medical School, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Jianrong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, Jiao Tong University Medical School, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Image Display, Enhancement, and Analysis (IDEA) Laboratory, Biomedical Research Imaging Center (BRIC) and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America; Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dinggang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016739:Behavior, Addictive; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012146:Rest; D055815:Young Adult