title: Determination of toxic heavy metals and speciation of arsenic in seaweeds from South Korea.
abstract: This study aimed at determining the levels of toxic heavy metals including As, Pb, Cd, Al, Hg and As species, such as, As-III, As-V, MMA, DMA, AsB, and AsC in various edible species of seaweeds from South Korea. ICP-MS was used for determination of As, Pb and Cd, ICP-OES was used for Al, DMA was used for Hg, and LC-ICP-MS was used for As speciation. The analytical methods were validated by linearity, detection limits, precision, accuracy and recovery experiments, obtaining satisfactory results in all cases. From the results toxic heavy metals were found in the decreasing order of: Al>As>Pb-Cd>Hg. Generally concentrations of all analysed heavy metals and both organic and inorganic species of As were very low compared to PTWIs specified by JECFA and EC. Their contribution to the overall intake by the subject seafoods was found very low and thus would not pose any threat to consumers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Naeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Keun Yeoung
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Yeong
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Nho
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Girum
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Habte
authors.affiliation: Food Contaminants Divisions, Food Safety Evaluation Department, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongwon 363-951, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hoon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Food Contaminants Divisions, Food Safety Evaluation Department, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongwon 363-951, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mee Hye
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Su
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kskim@chosun.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Kyong Su
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis*; D002138:Calibration; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D011786:Quality Control; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D056910:Republic of Korea; D017747:Seafood / Q000032:analysis; D012624:Seaweed / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D008628:Mercury; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: As speciation; ICP-MS; ICP-OESLC-ICP-MS; Seaweeds; Toxic heavy metals