title: Additive effects of gastric volumes and macronutrient composition on the sensation of postprandial fullness in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intake of food or fluid distends the stomach and triggers mechanoreceptors and vagal afferents. Wall stretch and tension produces a feeling of fullness. Duodenal infusion studies assessing gastric sensitivity by barostat have shown that the products of fat digestion have a greater effect on the sensation of fullness and also dyspeptic symptoms than carbohydrates. We tested here the hypothesis that fat and carbohydrate have different effects on gastric sensation under physiological conditions using non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure gastric volumes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen healthy subjects received a rice pudding test meal with added fat or added carbohydrate on two separate occasions and underwent serial postprandial MRI scans for 4.5 h. Fullness was assessed on a 100-mm visual analogue scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gastric half emptying time was significantly slower for the high-carbohydrate meal than for the high-fat meal, P=0.0327. Fullness significantly correlated with gastric volumes for both meals; however, the change from baseline in fullness scores was higher for the high-fat meal for any given change in stomach volume (P=0.0147), despite the lower energy content and faster gastric emptying of the high-fat meal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Total gastric volume correlates positively and linearly with postprandial fullness and ingestion of a high-fat meal increases this sensation compared with high-carbohydrate meal. These findings can be of clinical interest in patients presenting with postprandial dyspepsia whereby manipulating gastric sensitivity by dietary intervention may help to control digestive sensations.
authors.affiliation: NIHR Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marciani
authors.affiliation: Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.affiliation: Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Pritchard
authors.affiliation: NIHR Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Major
authors.affiliation: Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hoad
authors.affiliation: NIHR Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mellows
authors.affiliation: Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Hussein
authors.affiliation: Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Costigan
authors.affiliation: NIHR Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.affiliation: Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Gowland
authors.affiliation: NIHR Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Spiller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology*; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals; D010465:Perception; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology*; D012527:Satiation; D012677:Sensation; D013270:Stomach / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats