title: Production of bio-based phenolic resin and activated carbon from bio-oil and biochar derived from fast pyrolysis of palm kernel shells.
abstract: A fraction of palm kernel shells (PKS) was pyrolyzed in a fluidized bed reactor. The experiments were performed in a temperature range of 479-555 °C to produce bio-oil, biochar, and gas. All the bio-oils were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively by GC-FID and GC-MS. The maximum content of phenolic compounds in the bio-oil was 24.8 wt.% at ∼500 °C. The maximum phenol content in the bio-oil, as determined by the external standard method, was 8.1 wt.%. A bio-oil derived from the pyrolysis of PKS was used in the synthesis of phenolic resin, showing that the bio-oil could substitute for fossil phenol up to 25 wt.%. The biochar was activated using CO2 at a final activation temperature of 900 °C with different activation time (1-3 h) to produce activated carbon. Activated carbons produced were microporous, and the maximum surface area of the activated carbons produced was 807 m(2)/g.
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, Univ. of Seoul, 90 Jeonnong-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 130-743, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Gyung-Goo
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, Univ. of Seoul, 90 Jeonnong-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 130-743, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Kolon Industries, Inc., 680 Baekbeom-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon 404-815, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soon-Jang
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, Univ. of Seoul, 90 Jeonnong-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 130-743, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: joosik@uos.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Joo-Sik
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels; D018533:Biomass; D019149:Bioreactors; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000737:chemistry; D005579:Fossil Fuels; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008031:Lignin; D009821:Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D000073878:Palm Oil; D019800:Phenol / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D016062:Porosity; D014934:Wood
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D005579:Fossil Fuels; D009821:Oils; D010636:Phenols; D010938:Plant Oils; D011108:Polymers; C540010:biochar; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002606:Charcoal; D005557:Formaldehyde; D019800:Phenol; D000073878:Palm Oil; D002244:Carbon; C011529:phenol-formaldehyde resin; D008031:Lignin
keywords: Activated carbon; Bio-oil; Fluidized bed; Palm kernel shells; Phenolic resin