title: Differences in the developmental origins of the periosteum may influence bone healing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The jaw bone, unlike most other bones, is derived from neural crest stem cells, so we hypothesized that it may have different characteristics to bones from other parts of the body, especially in the nature of its periosteum. The periosteum exhibits osteogenic potential and has received considerable attention as a grafting material for the repair of bone and joint defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gene expression profiles of jaw bone and periosteum were evaluated by DNA microarray and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, we perforated an area 2 mm in diameter on mouse frontal and parietal bones. Bone regeneration of these calvarial defects was evaluated using microcomputed tomography and histological analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The DNA microarray data revealed close homology between the gene expression profiles within the ilium and femur. The gene expression of Wnt-1, SOX10, nestin, and musashi-1 were significantly higher in the jaw bone than in other locations. Microcomputed tomography and histological analysis revealed that the jaw bone had superior bone regenerative abilities than other bones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Jaw bone periosteum exhibits a unique gene expression profile that is associated with neural crest cells and has a positive influence on bone regeneration when used as a graft material to repair bone defects. A full investigation of the biological and mechanical properties of jaw bone as an alternative graft material for jaw reconstructive surgery is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Showa University School of Dentistry, Ohta-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Showa University School of Dentistry, Ohta-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Watahiki
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Showa University School of Dentistry, Ohta-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nampo
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Showa University School of Dentistry, Ohta-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nose
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology and Diagnosis, Showa University School of Dentistry, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology and Diagnosis, Showa University School of Dentistry, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Irie
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology and Diagnosis, Showa University School of Dentistry, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mishima
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Showa University School of Dentistry, Ohta-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001846:Bone Development / Q000235:genetics; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000235:genetics; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D005269:Femur / Q000737:chemistry; D005624:Frontal Bone / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D007085:Ilium / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development*; D008437:Maxilla / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D064231:Nestin / Q000032:analysis; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D010294:Parietal Bone / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D010521:Periosteum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000637:transplantation; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D011897:Random Allocation; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D055757:SOXE Transcription Factors / Q000032:analysis; D051155:Wnt1 Protein / Q000032:analysis; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: C104786:Msi1h protein, mouse; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C577485:Nes protein, mouse; D064231:Nestin; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D055757:SOXE Transcription Factors; C527924:Sox10 protein, mouse; D051155:Wnt1 Protein; C495246:Wnt1 protein, mouse
keywords: animal model; periodontal healing; periodontal ligament; regeneration; stem cells