title: Anxiety and compulsion patterns in the maintenance of bingeing/purging behaviours by individuals with bulimia nervosa.
abstract: Bulimia nervosa, if not treated or if treated unsuccessfully, can develop into a severe and enduring eating disorder. Analysis of self-management of Seed-BN indicates that individuals frequently experience significant negative mental health issues and a complex relationship with medication management. Two discrete patterns of coping strategies to prevent deterioration in distressing symptoms were in evidence, controlled vomiting, which was related to the management of anxiety, and uncontrolled vomiting due to more dominant self-management of compulsive acts. The implications for nursing revolve around accurate assessment of vomiting and subsequent engagement by the individual with their coping strategies in relation to perceived deterioration in distressing symptoms. This paper reports on the results of a study into the self-reported coping strategies employed by a small sample (n = 12) of individuals diagnosed with bulimia nervosa purging sub-type, severe and enduring eating disorder (Seed-BN), referred to an outpatient clinic for psychotherapy. Data collection focused on the vomiting activities of participants through analysis of their self-management from diary extracts, which recorded vomiting patterns. Participants all experienced significant mental health issues, had complex histories of BN over a prolonged period, difficulties maintaining relationships, and many had an additional history of substance misuse including dependence on prescription drugs. The study findings indicated two different self-management strategies, anxiety containment and compulsion maintenance. There was a clear association between anxiety and controlled weekly vomiting patterns compared with compulsion and daily vomiting patterns. The implications for nursing practice relate to the potential for assessment of differences in vomiting patterns to indicate self-management status and subsequent interventions focusing on either anxiety or compulsive patterns.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Health & Learning Disabilities, Faculty of Health & Social Care, University of Chester, Chester, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lovell
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D052018:Bulimia Nervosa / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D003192:Compulsive Behavior / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014839:Vomiting / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: anxiety; bulimia nervosa; compulsion; coping strategies; purging; vomiting