title: Influence of different drying methods on carotenoids and capsaicinoids of paprika (Cv., Jalapeno).
abstract: Influence of Refractance Window™ Drying (RWD), a novel contact drying method, on carotenoids, capsaicinoids, Retinol Activity Equivalent (RAE) and Scoville Heat Unit (SHU) of paprika (Cv., Jalapeno) was investigated in comparison with freeze drying (FD), oven drying (OD), and natural convective drying (NCD) methods. Eight carotenoids (capsanthin, capsorubin, capsolutein, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, mutatoxanthin, violaxanthin and zeaxanthin) and five capsaicinoid analogues (capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, homodihydrocapsaicin, isodihydrocapsaicin, nordihydrocapsaicin) were identified in paprika. All these components were significantly (P<0.05) decreased by the RWD, FD and OD methods. However, due to ongoing synthesis, the NCD method resulted in higher carotenoids, except violaxanthin and mutatoxanthin, and capsaicinoids content than those of the others, even puree. Mutatoxanthin, naturally occurring pigment in red pepper, could only be detected in FD paprika. The highest RAE and SHU values, which were derived from the data of carotenoids and capsaicinoids, respectively, were also determined in NCD paprika.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Engineering, University of Akdeniz, 07059 Antalya, Turkey. Electronic address: atopuz@akdeniz.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Ayhan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Topuz
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Engineering, University of Akdeniz, 07059 Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cuneyt
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dincer
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Engineering, University of Akdeniz, 07059 Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kubra Sultan
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ozdemir
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1201 W. Gregory Drive Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Mosbah
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kushad
keywords: Capsaicinoids; Carotenoids; Drying; Paprika (Cv., Jalapeno); Retinol Activity Equivalent; Scoville Heat Unit