title: Development and validation of the inventory of perceptions of medication administration errors for nurses in Taiwan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Medication administration errors (MAEs) account for most medication errors, which not only threaten the safety of patients and increase hospital medical costs but also damage the personal and professional development of affected nurses. A feasible instrument measures the perceptions of committing an MAE that may provide support for nurses.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to conduct psychometric testing of the Inventory of Perceptions for Medication Administration Errors (IPMAE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Psychometric testing of the IPMAE used snowball sampling to collect data from nurse volunteers. Six hundred eighteen nurses completed the IPMAE and a personal profile. The construct validity and the Cronbach's alpha of the inventory were tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated that the 12-item IPMAE consisted of four factors, including coping strategy, emotional reaction, fear of blame, and segregation behavior. These four factors accounted for 78.8% of the total variance. The IPMAE showed that both fit indices and Cronbach's alpha coefficients (overall = .90 and subscales = .83-.88) were acceptable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IPMAE is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring perceptions of MAE occurring among nurses. Nursing directors may use the results generated by the IPMAE to help reduce the negative consequences of MAE events among nurses.
authors.affiliation: 1PhD, RN, Associate Professor, Department of Healthcare Administration, I-Shou University 2PhD, RN, Professor, Department of Nursing, I-Shou University 3PhD, RN, Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, I-Shou University 4MSN, RN, Lecturer, Department of Nursing, I-Shou University.
authors.forename: Chia-Chan
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Yu-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Fan-Ko
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Tzu-Chun
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Hsiu-Ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology*; D011581:Psychological Tests / Q000592:standards*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013624:Taiwan; D055815:Young Adult