title: Temperature dataloggers as stove use monitors (SUMs): Field methods and signal analysis.
abstract: We report the field methodology of a 32-month monitoring study with temperature dataloggers as Stove Use Monitors (SUMs) to quantify usage of biomass cookstoves in 80 households of rural Guatemala. The SUMs were deployed in two stoves types: a well-operating chimney cookstove and the traditional open-cookfire. We recorded a total of 31,112 days from all chimney cookstoves, with a 10% data loss rate. To count meals and determine daily use of the stoves we implemented a peak selection algorithm based on the instantaneous derivatives and the statistical long-term behavior of the stove and ambient temperature signals. Positive peaks with onset and decay slopes exceeding predefined thresholds were identified as "fueling events", the minimum unit of stove use. Adjacent fueling events detected within a fixed-time window were clustered in single "cooking events" or "meals". The observed means of the population usage were: 89.4% days in use from all cookstoves and days monitored, 2.44 meals per day and 2.98 fueling events. We found that at this study site a single temperature threshold from the annual distribution of daily ambient temperatures was sufficient to differentiate days of use with 0.97 sensitivity and 0.95 specificity compared to the peak selection algorithm. With adequate placement, standardized data collection protocols and careful data management the SUMs can provide objective stove-use data with resolution, accuracy and level of detail not possible before. The SUMs enable unobtrusive monitoring of stove-use behavior and its systematic evaluation with stove performance parameters of air pollution, fuel consumption and climate-altering emissions.
authors.affiliation: Civil Systems, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 760 Davis Hall, Berkeley, CA 94705-1710, USA ; Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall, Berkeley, CA 94705-7360, USA.
authors.forename: Ilse
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Mercado
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Canuz
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall, Berkeley, CA 94705-7360, USA.
authors.forename: Kirk R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Smith
keywords: Energy use behavior; Household biomass fuel; Improved cooking stoves; Indoor air pollution; Sensors; iButtons