title: Evaluation of fresh and stored rainwater quality in fluoride and arsenic endemic area of Thar Desert, Pakistan.
abstract: In the current study, the chemistry of fresh and stored rainwater of Thar Desert, Pakistan, was estimated during two consecutive monsoon periods. The present research deals with the variation in physicochemical parameters, total arsenic (As(t)), inorganic arsenic species (As(i), As(V), As(III)), and fluoride (F(-)) in stored rainwater (SRW) at different time intervals (1 week to 3 months). The pH of fresh rainwater (FRW) samples showed slightly acidic to neutral in nature (6.08-7.06) which were inconsistent with the reference pH value (5.6) of rainwater. The resulted data indicated that As(t) and F(-) levels in SRW were enhanced with time duration. The levels of As(t) and F(-) in SRW after different time intervals were found in the range of 194-683 μg/L and 10-35.4 mg/L, respectively. The values of As(t) and F(-) were 20-70 and 7-24 times higher than those of WHO permissible limits, 10 μg/L and 1.5 mg/L, respectively. The As(III) was dominant species in SRW, which corresponds to >60 % of As(i). The characteristics of the SRW revealed an unacceptable quality to consume for drinking and agricultural purposes in the studied area.
authors.affiliation: National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan, kr_brahman@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Kapil Dev
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Brahman
authors.forename: Tasneem Gul
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Kazi
authors.forename: Hassan Imran
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Afridi
authors.forename: Tahir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rafique
authors.forename: Jameel Ahmed
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Baig
authors.forename: Sadaf Sadia
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Arain
authors.forename: Naeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ullah
authors.forename: Abdul Haleem
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Panhwar
authors.forename: Salma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arain
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis*; D010154:Pakistan; D011891:Rain / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D001151:Arsenic; D005459:Fluorides