title: Finite element analysis of the femur during stance phase of gait based on musculoskeletal model simulation.
abstract: In this study, the accuracy of the inputs required for finite element analysis, which is mainly used for the biomechanical analysis of bones, was improved. To ensure a muscle force and joint contact force similar to the actual values, a musculoskeletal model that was based on the actual gait experiment was used. Gait data were obtained from a healthy male adult aged 29 who had no history of musculoskeletal disease and walked normally (171 cm height and 72 kg weight), and were used as inputs for the musculoskeletal model simulation to determine the muscle force and joint contact force. Among the phases of gait, which is the most common activity in daily life, the stance phase is the most affected by the load. The results data were extracted from five events in the stance phase: heel contact (ST1), loading response (ST2), early mid-stance (ST2), late mid-stance (ST4), and terminal stance (ST5). The results were used as the inputs for the finite element model that was formed using 1.5mm intervals computed tomography (CT) images and the maximum Von-Mises stress and the maximum Von-Mises strain of the right femur were examined. The maximum stress and strain were lowest at the ST4. The maximum values for the femur occurred in the medial part and then in the lateral part after the mid-stance. In this study, the results of the musculoskeletal model simulation using the inverse-dynamic analysis were utilized to improve the accuracy of the inputs, which affected the finite element analysis results, and the possibility of the bone-specific analysis according to the lapse of time was examined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, 322 Danwoldong, Chungju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, 322 Danwoldong, Chungju, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Won
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, 322 Danwoldong, Chungju, Korea.
authors.forename: Ju-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, 322 Danwoldong, Chungju, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Tae
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, 322 Danwoldong, Chungju, Korea.
authors.forename: Dae-Hyeok
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, 322 Danwoldong, Chungju, Korea BK21 Plus Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Konkuk University, 322 Danwoldong, Chungju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Seung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, 322 Danwoldong, Chungju, Korea BK21 Plus Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Konkuk University, 322 Danwoldong, Chungju, Korea.
authors.forename: Gye-Rae
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Tack
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005269:Femur / Q000502:physiology*; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Musculoskeletal modeling; finite element analysis; inverse dynamics