title: Environmental changes, microbiota, and allergic diseases.
abstract: During the last few decades, the prevalence of allergic disease has increased dramatically. The development of allergic diseases has been attributed to complex interactions between environmental factors and genetic factors. Of the many possible environmental factors, most research has focused on the most commonly encountered environmental factors, such as air pollution and environmental microbiota in combination with climate change. There is increasing evidence that such environmental factors play a critical role in the regulation of the immune response that is associated with allergic diseases, especially in genetically susceptible individuals. This review deals with not only these environmental factors and genetic factors but also their interactions in the development of allergic diseases. It will also emphasize the need for early interventions that can prevent the development of allergic diseases in susceptible populations and how these interventions can be identified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Byoung-Ju
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, University of Hallym College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea.
authors.forename: So-Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyo-Bin
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Research Center for Standardization of Allergic Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Research Center for Standardization of Allergic Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Soo-Jong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hong
keywords: Allergic disease; climate change; epigenetics; gene-environmental interaction; microbiota; pollution