title: Fertility is reduced in women and in men with type 1 diabetes: results from the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A recent Finnish study described reduced fertility in patients with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes. The Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC) is an international programme studying the genetics and pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes that includes families with the disease. Our aim was to assess fertility, defined as number of offspring, in the affected and unaffected siblings included in the T1DGC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical information from participants aged ≥18 years at the time of examination was included in the present analysis. The number of offspring of affected and unaffected siblings was compared (in families including both) and the influence of birth year, disease duration and age of onset was assessed, the last in affected siblings only, using Poisson regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 3010 affected and 801 unaffected adult siblings that belonged to 1761 families were assessed. The mean number of offspring was higher in the unaffected than in the affected individuals, and the difference between the two groups was more pronounced in women than men. Poisson regression analysis showed that both sex and birth cohort significantly affected the differences between groups. In the affected siblings, adult onset (≥18 years), female sex and older birth cohort were associated with higher fertility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with type 1 diabetes have fewer children than their unaffected siblings. This effect is more evident in women and in older birth cohorts. Onset of type 1 diabetes as an adult rather than a child is associated with a higher number of offspring, even after accounting for birth cohort and disease duration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil, Av Marítima del sur, s/n., 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
authors.forename: Julia C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wiebe
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santana
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Medina-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nóvoa
authors.forename: Dídac
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mauricio
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Wägner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001723:Birth Rate; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D010298:Parity / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult