title: Sodium butyrate functions as an antidepressant and improves cognition with enhanced neurotrophic expression in models of maternal deprivation and chronic mild stress.
abstract: It is known that cognitive processes, such as learning and memory, are affected in depression. Several authors have described histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors as a class of drugs that improves long-term memory formation. The current study examined the effects of maternal deprivation (MD) and chronic mild stress (CMS), which have been shown as animal models of depression, and the effects of sodium butyrate (SB), a HDAC inhibitor, on recognition memory. Considering that neurotrophic factors has been pointed as a key event involved with cognition and depressive disorder, levels of neurotrophic factors (BDNF, NGF and GDNF) were also investigated. MD and CMS induced depressive-like behavior in the forced swimming test (FST) and memory impairment in the object recognition (OR) test, without altering locomotor activity of rats. In addition, SB was able to reverse the stress-induced neurotrophic factors decrease and reversed memory impairment. The results indicate that the stress both at early and later stage of life may induce cognitive impairment in animals and neurotrofic factors (BDNF, NGF and GDNF) levels decrease. SB treatment improved the recognition memory and reversed the neurotrophins levels decreased in the hippocampus of rats submitted to the MD and CMS models. Together, our results reinforce the notion that SB displays a specific antidepressant profile and improve cognition in MD and CMS rats that may be, at least in part, due to its upregulation of neurotrophic factors.
authors.forename: Samira Silva
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Valvassori
authors.forename: Roger Bitencourt
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Varela
authors.forename: Camila Orlandi
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Arent
authors.forename: Gustavo Colombo
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Dal-Pont
authors.forename: Tamara Sarate
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Bobsin
authors.forename: Josiane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Budni
authors.forename: Gislaine Zilli
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Reus
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias da Saude, Unidade Academica de Ciencias da Saude, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brasil, 88806000. samiravalvassori@unesc.net.
authors.forename: Joao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quevedo
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020148:Butyric Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008426:Maternal Deprivation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000187:drug effects; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D013550:Swimming / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020148:Butyric Acid