title: Production of avaroferrin and putrebactin by heterologous expression of a deep-sea metagenomic DNA.
abstract: The siderophore avaroferrin (1), an inhibitor of Vibrio swarming that was recently identified in Shewanella algae B516, was produced by heterologous expression of the biosynthetic gene cluster cloned from a deep-sea sediment metagenomic DNA, together with two analogues, bisucaberin (2) and putrebactin (3). Avaroferrin (1) is a macrocyclic heterodimer of N-hydroxy-N-succinyl cadaverine (4) and N-hydroxy-N-succinyl-putrescine (5), whereas analogues 2 and 3 are homodimers of 4 and 5, respectively. Heterologous expression of two other related genes from culturable marine bacteria resulted in production of compounds 1-3, but in quite different proportions compared with production through expression of the metagenomic DNA.
authors.affiliation: Creative Research Institution, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan. masakifujita@fish.hokudai.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masaki J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan. ryu.sakai@fish.hokudai.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sakai
mesh_terms: D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015723:Gene Library; D019015:Geologic Sediments; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D056186:Metagenomics; D005810:Multigene Family; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D011700:Putrescine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020592:Shewanella / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017262:Siderophores / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013386:Succinates
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D017262:Siderophores; D013386:Succinates; C000599724:avaroferrin; C531912:putrebactin; D011700:Putrescine