title: Breastfeeding and migraine drugs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Breastfeeding women may suffer from migraine. While we have many drugs for its treatment and prophylaxis, the majority are poorly studied in breastfeeding women. We conducted a review of the most common anti-migraine drugs (AMDs) and we determined their lactation risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  For each AMD, we collected all retrievable data from Hale's Medications and Mother Milk (2012), from the LactMed database (2014) of the National Library of Medicine, and from a MedLine Search of relevant studies published in the last 10 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to our review, AMDs safe during breastfeeding are as follows: low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), ibuprofen, sumatriptan, metoprolol, propranolol, verapamil, amitriptyline, escitalopram, paroxetine, sertraline, acetaminophen, caffeine, and metoclopramide. AMDs compatible with breastfeeding but warranting caution are as follows: diclofenac, ketoprofen, naproxen, most new triptans, topiramate, valproate, venlafaxine, and cyproheptadine. Finally, high-dose ASA, atenolol, nadolol, cinnarizine, flunarizine, ergotamine, methysergide, and pizotifen are contraindicated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to our review, the majority of the revised AMDs were assessed to be compatible with breastfeeding.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "BurloGarofolo", Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Davanzo
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bua
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paloni
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Facchina
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D014363:Tryptamines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D014363:Tryptamines