title: A case report of a pediatric traumatic aneurysm with arteriovenous (A-V) fistula CASE-BASED UPDATE.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Traumatic intracranial aneurysms (TICAs) are rare, representing less than 5 % of all intracranial aneurysms. Most TICAs are located within the anterior circulation, and less than 10 % of TICAs occur in the posterior circulation. Histopathologically, most TICAs are false aneurysms and have a high risk of rupture or re-bleeding. When they are discovered, careful observation or treatment may be required. Once they are enlarged, they have a high risk of rupture, and immediate treatment is essential.
  
  
  METHODS
  For the first time in the literature, we report a rare case of an 8-year-old boy with a TICA in anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) and arteriovenous (A-V) fistula after severe head trauma. Trapping of AICA and resection of the aneurysm was performed. Postoperatively, he has peripheral facial palsy but is otherwise neurologically normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical treatment for traumatic aneurysms is challenging because most of TICAs are histopathologically pseudoaneurysms. It may be technically difficult to perform direct surgery of aneurysms especially located in the posterior circulation, but when the treatment is successful, the outcome was favorable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Anami
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aihara
authors.forename: Akitsugu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Ayumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nagahara
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okada
mesh_terms: D017541:Aneurysm, False / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D001158:Arteries / Q000293:injuries; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D002530:Cerebellopontine Angle / Q000098:blood supply*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000098:blood supply*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002648:Child; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed