title: Effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on self-reported suicidal ideation: results from a randomised controlled trial in patients with residual depressive symptoms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on suicidal ideation in an open-label randomised controlled trial of patients with residual depressive symptoms. Furthermore, this study aimed at examining whether an effect of MBCT on suicidal ideation was dependent on a reduction in depression severity, worry and rumination, or an increase in mindfulness.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and thirty participants were randomised to a treatment arm (treatment as usual plus MBCT) or a wait list arm. Change in depression, change in worry, change in rumination and change in mindfulness were entered as covariates in a repeated measures ANOVA in order to assess to what degree MBCT-induced changes in suicidal ideation were independent from changes in these parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant group×time (pre vs. post) interaction on suicidal ideation indicating a significant reduction of suicidal ideation in the MBCT group, but not in the control group. The interaction remained significant after addition of the above covariates. Change in worry was the only covariate associated with change in suicidal ideation, causing a moderate reduction in the interaction effect size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that MBCT may affect suicidal ideation in patients with residual depressive symptoms and that this effect may be mediated, in part, by participants' enhanced capacity to distance themselves from worrying thoughts.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 19, 52074 Aachen, Germany. Electronic address: tforkmann@ukaachen.de.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Forkmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, The Netherlands. Electronic address: m.wichers@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors.forename: Marieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wichers
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands. Electronic address: nicole.geschwind@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Geschwind
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, The Netherlands. Electronic address: f.peeters@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors.forename: Frenk
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, The Netherlands; King's College London, King's Health Partners, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK. Electronic address: j.vanos@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Os
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 19, 52074 Aachen, Germany. Electronic address: vmainz@ukaachen.de.
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mainz
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, The Netherlands. Electronic address: d.collip@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors.forename: Dina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Collip
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064866:Mindfulness / Q000379:methods*; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group / Q000379:methods; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy