title: Distinct effects of different phosphatidylglycerol species on mouse keratinocyte proliferation.
abstract: We have previously shown that liposomes composed of egg-derived phosphatidylglycerol (PG), with a mixed fatty acid composition (comprising mainly palmitate and oleate), inhibit the proliferation and promote the differentiation of rapidly dividing keratinocytes, and stimulate the growth of slowly proliferating epidermal cells. To determine the species of PG most effective at modulating keratinocyte proliferation, primary mouse keratinocytes were treated with different PG species, and proliferation was measured. PG species containing polyunsaturated fatty acids were effective at inhibiting rapidly proliferating keratinocytes, whereas PG species with monounsaturated fatty acids were effective at promoting proliferation in slowly dividing cells. Thus, palmitoyl-arachidonyl-PG (16∶0/20∶4), palmitoyl-linoleoyl-PG (16∶0/18∶2), dilinoleoyl-PG (18∶2/18∶2) and soy PG (a PG mixture with a large percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids) were particularly effective at inhibiting proliferation in rapidly dividing keratinocytes. Conversely, palmitoyl-oleoyl-PG (16∶0/18∶1) and dioleoyl-PG (18∶1/18∶1) were especially effective proproliferative PG species. This result represents the first demonstration of opposite effects of different species of a single class of phospholipid and suggests that these different PG species may signal to diverse effector enzymes to differentially affect keratinocyte proliferation and normalize keratinocyte proliferation. Thus, different PG species may be useful for treating skin diseases characterized by excessive or insufficient proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Mutsa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seremwe
authors.affiliation: Apeliotus Technologies, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.affiliation: Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Podolsky
authors.affiliation: Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Wendy B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Bollag
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000078404:Epidermal Cells; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D008081:Liposomes / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010715:Phosphatidylglycerols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D008081:Liposomes; D010715:Phosphatidylglycerols; D013024:Soybean Oil