title: Gaseous emissions from a heavy-duty engine equipped with SCR aftertreatment system and fuelled with diesel and biodiesel: assessment of pollutant dispersion and health risk.
abstract: The changes in the composition of fuels in combination with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) emission control systems bring new insights into the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants. The major goal of our study was to quantify NOx, NO, NO2, NH3 and N2O emissions from a four-cylinder diesel engine operated with diesel and a blend of 20% soybean biodiesel. Exhaust fume samples were collected from bench dynamometer tests using a heavy-duty diesel engine equipped with SCR. The target gases were quantified by means of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). The use of biodiesel blend presented lower concentrations in the exhaust fumes than using ultra-low sulfur diesel. NOx and NO concentrations were 68% to 93% lower in all experiments using SCR, when compared to no exhaust aftertreatment. All fuels increased NH3 and N2O emission due to SCR, a precursor secondary aerosol, and major greenhouse gas, respectively. An AERMOD dispersion model analysis was performed on each compound results for the City of Curitiba, assumed to have a bus fleet equipped with diesel engines and SCR system, in winter and summer seasons. The health risks of the target gases were assessed using the Risk Assessment Information System For 1-h exposure of NH3, considering the use of low sulfur diesel in buses equipped with SCR, the results indicated low risk to develop a chronic non-cancer disease. The NOx and NO emissions were the lowest when SCR was used; however, it yielded the highest NH3 concentration. The current results have paramount importance, mainly for countries that have not yet adopted the Euro V emission standards like China, India, Australia, or Russia, as well as those already adopting it. These findings are equally important for government agencies to alert the need of improvements in aftertreatment technologies to reduce pollutants emissions.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, 210 Francisco H. dos Santos St., Curitiba, PR, 81531-980 Brazil.
authors.forename: Yara S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Tadano
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, 210 Francisco H. dos Santos St., Curitiba, PR, 81531-980 Brazil.
authors.forename: Guilherme C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Borillo
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, 210 Francisco H. dos Santos St., Curitiba, PR, 81531-980 Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Flávia L
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Godoi
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, 210 Francisco H. dos Santos St., Curitiba, PR, 81531-980 Brazil.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cichon
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, 210 Francisco H. dos Santos St., Curitiba, PR, 81531-980 Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago O B
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, 210 Francisco H. dos Santos St., Curitiba, PR, 81531-980 Brazil.
authors.forename: Fábio B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Valebona
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, 210 Francisco H. dos Santos St., Curitiba, PR, 81531-980 Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Errera
authors.affiliation: Institute of Technology for Development, Lactec-Leme Division, 01 LothárioMeissner Ave., Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renato A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Penteado Neto
authors.affiliation: Institute of Technology for Development, Lactec-Leme Division, 01 LothárioMeissner Ave., Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rempel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Technology for Development, Lactec-Leme Division, 01 LothárioMeissner Ave., Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, 210 Francisco H. dos Santos St., Curitiba, PR, 81531-980 Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, 210 Francisco H. dos Santos St., Curitiba, PR, 81531-980 Brazil. Electronic address: rhmgodoi@ufpr.br.
authors.forename: Ricardo H M
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Godoi
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D056804:Biofuels; D002384:Catalysis; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005742:Gasoline; D018986:Motor Vehicles; D018570:Risk Assessment; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D056804:Biofuels; D005742:Gasoline; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
keywords: AERMOD simulation; Diesel biodiesel; Exhaust emission; Health risk assessment; Selective catalytic reduction system (SCR)