title: A randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of an educational intervention on outcomes of parents and their children undergoing inpatient elective surgery: study protocol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a study protocol that tests the effectiveness of an educational intervention on outcomes of parents and their children who undergo inpatient elective surgery.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Inadequate children's postoperative pain management remains a global problem. Parents are required to be involved in their child's pain assessment and management, yet they often lack relevant knowledge and skills. Education is an effective strategy for enhancing a person's knowledge, attitudes and behaviour. However, few studies have examined its effectiveness in parents and their children undergoing inpatient elective surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial and embedded qualitative process evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and sixty-two pairs of participants (each comprised of one parent and his/her child undergoing inpatient elective surgery) will be recruited (protocol approved in January 2013). Participants will be randomized to either a Control group (routine care), an Intervention group 1 (routine care and an educational intervention with face-to-face teaching), or an Intervention group 2 (routine care and an educational intervention without face-to-face teaching). Outcome measures will include parents' knowledge, attitude and behaviour related to postoperative pain management; their child's postoperative pain; and parents' satisfaction with their child's pain management at baseline and around 6, 12 and 24 hours after the operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A standardized educational intervention protocol and detailed study procedure have been developed in this study to improve parents' knowledge, attitude and behaviour related to postoperative pain management and reduce their child's postoperative pain.
authors.affiliation: Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Hong-Gu
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Lixia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Wai-Chi Sally
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Chunxiang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Piyanee
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Klainin-Yobas
authors.forename: Wenru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kin Fong Karis
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D059408:Pain Management / Q000592:standards; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education* / Q000523:psychology; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: attitude; behaviour; children; educational intervention; knowledge; nursing; parent; postoperative pain; satisfaction