title: Impact of imidacloprid on life-cycle development of Coccinella septempunctata in laboratory microcosms.
abstract: Long-term effects of a single application of imidacloprid on ladybird beetle, Coccinella septempunctata L., were studied in indoor laboratory microcosms, starting with the 2nd instar larvae of C. septempunctata but covering the full life cycle. The microcosms comprised enclosures containing a pot with soil planted with broad bean plants and black bean aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch, as food. Exposure doses (0.85-13.66g a.i. ha(-1)) in the long-term microcosm experiment were based on a preliminary short-term (72h) toxicity test with 2nd instar larvae. The measurement endpoints used to calculate NOERs (No Observed Effect application Rates) included development time, hatching, pupation, adult emergence, survival and number of eggs produced. Furthermore, for these endpoints ER50 (application rate causing 50 percent effect) and LR50 (application rate causing 50 percent mortality) values were calculated when possible. The single imidacloprid application affected survival (lowest LR50 4.07g a.i. ha(-1); NOER 3.42g a.i. ha(-1)), egg production (ER50 26.63g a.i. ha(-1)) and egg hatching (NOER 6.83g a.i. ha(-1)). Statistically significant treatment-related effects on the whole development duration, pupation and adult emergence could not be demonstrated (NOER≥13.66g a.i. ha(-1)). The lowest L(E)R50 values and NOERs derived from the laboratory microcosm test with C. septempunctata are lower than the reported field application rates of imidacloprid (15-60g a.i. ha(-1)) in cotton cultivation in China, suggesting potential risks to beneficial arthropods.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), 100083 Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Caihong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture, 100125 Beijing, China. Electronic address: linronghua@agri.gov.cn.
authors.forename: Ronghua
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), 100083 Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Maoran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture, 100125 Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yanming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture, 100125 Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Fulin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zong
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture, 100125 Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture, 100125 Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture, 100125 Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiuying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Piao
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture, 100125 Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture, 100125 Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yongquan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Theo C M
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Brock
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000830:Animals, Laboratory; D002681:China; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D004780:Environment, Controlled; D005260:Female; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007814:Larva; D008018:Life Cycle Stages / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D052287:Oviparity / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; C082359:imidacloprid
keywords: Acute toxicity; Coccinella septempunctata; Full life cycle; Imidacloprid; Long-term toxicity; NOER