title: Effect of vitamin E on sperm parameters and DNA integrity in sodium arsenite-treated rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Arsenic as an environmental toxicant is able to exert malformations in male reproductive system by inducing oxidative stress. Vitamin E (Vit.E) is known as antioxidant vitamin.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the harmful effects of sodium arsenite on sperm parameters and the antioxidant effects of Vit.E on sperm anomalies in sodium arsenite treated rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult male rats were divided into 4 groups: control, sodium arsenite (8 mg/kg/day), Vit.E (100 mg/kg/day) and sodium arsenite+Vit.E. Oral treatments were performed till 8 weeks. Body and left testis weight were recorded and then left caudal epididymis was cut in Ham's F10. Released spermatozoa were used to analyze number, motility, viability and abnormalities of the sperm. Sperm chromatin quality was assessed by nuclear staining using acridine orange and aniline blue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Body and testis weight showed no significant change in 4 groups (p>0.05). A significant decrease in the number, motility, viability and normal sperm morphology was found in sodium arsenite-treated rats compared to the control (p<0.001). Sodium arsenite had no effect on sperm DNA integrity and histon-protamine replacement (p>0.05). In sodium arsenite+Vit.E group, Vit.E could significantly compensate the harmful effects of sodium arsenite on sperm number, motility, viability and morphology compared to sodium arsenite group. In addition, sperm viability and motility was significantly increased in rats treated with Vit.E alone compared to the control and sodium arsenite+Vit.E group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin E could compensate the adverse effects of sodium arsenite on sperm parameters in adult rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Momeni
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tarbiat Moallem University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Najmeh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Eskandari
keywords: Adult rat; DNA integrity; Sodium arsenite; Sperm parameters; Vitamin E