title: Digital design and fabrication of simulation model for measuring orthodontic force.
abstract: Three dimensional (3D) forces are the key factors for determining movement of teeth during orthodontic treatment. Designing precise forces and torques on tooth before treatment can result accurate tooth movements, but it is too difficult to realize. In orthodontic biomechanical systems, the periodontal tissues, including bones, teeth, and periodontal ligaments (PDL), are affected by braces, and measuring the forces applied on the teeth by braces should be based on a simulated model composed of these three types of tissues. This study explores the design and fabrication of a simulated oral model for 3D orthodontic force measurements. Based on medical image processing, tissue reconstruction, 3D printing, and PDL simulation and testing, a model for measuring force was designed and fabricated, which can potentially be used for force prediction, design of treatment plans, and precise clinical operation. The experiment illustrated that bi-component silicones with 2:8 ratios had similar mechanical properties to PDL, and with a positioning guide, the teeth were assembled in the mandible sockets accurately, and so a customized oral model for 3D orthodontic force measurement was created.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of E&M (Zhejiang University of Technology), Ministry of Education & Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310014, China.
authors.forename: Yun-Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of E&M (Zhejiang University of Technology), Ministry of Education & Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310014, China.
authors.forename: Peng-Yuan
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of E&M (Zhejiang University of Technology), Ministry of Education & Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310014, China.
authors.forename: Qiao-Fang
authors.initials: QF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Zhejiang People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Xing
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D001915:Braces; D003198:Computer Simulation; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design / Q000379:methods; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible / Q000502:physiology*; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D008954:Models, Biological; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000502:physiology*; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014070:Tooth / Q000502:physiology*; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000379:methods*
keywords: 3D printing; Orthodontic force measurement; oral model; reconstruction