title: Effects of milk proteins on release properties and particle morphology of β-carotene emulsions during in vitro digestion.
abstract: In the present study, β-lactoglobulin, sodium caseinate, lactalbumin and lactoferrin were used to prepare β-carotene emulsions. The milk protein-stabilized emulsions were explored using an in vitro release model to elucidate the effects of different milk proteins on β-carotene release properties in the stomach, duodenum and small intestine, respectively. Notable changes in the droplet size and size distribution were observed among these four oil-in-water (O/W) milk protein emulsions. In the gastric environment, the highest β-carotene release rate (2.9%) was achieved in β-lactoglobulin emulsion with a remarkable change in the particle size. In the simulated intestine, the best β-carotene micellarization potency (92%) was observed in β-lactoglobulin emulsion and its droplet diameter moderately increased from 215 nm to 471 nm. Moreover, substantial release of β-carotene was found in the small intestine for the four types of emulsions. It was concluded that β-carotene release in different digestive stages was characterized by the emulsion interfacial composition.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, P. R. China. gyxcau@126.com.
authors.forename: Yuwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Yanxiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D002364:Caseins / Q000737:chemistry; D004063:Digestion; D004386:Duodenum / Q000378:metabolism; D004655:Emulsions; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007768:Lactalbumin / Q000737:chemistry; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000737:chemistry; D007782:Lactoglobulins / Q000737:chemistry; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010316:Particle Size; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D004655:Emulsions; D007782:Lactoglobulins; D008894:Milk Proteins; D019207:beta Carotene; D007768:Lactalbumin; D007781:Lactoferrin