title: Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Structural Features and In Vivo and In Vitro Therapeutic Effects against Helicobacter pylori Induced Gastritis.
abstract: This study evaluates in vivo and in vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) efficacy of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) prepared via a cost-effective green chemistry route wherein Peganum harmala L. seeds extract was used as a reducing and capping agent. The structural features, as elucidated by surface plasmon resonance spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, revealed the Ag-NPs synthesized to be polydispersed in nature and spherical in shape with 5-40 nm size. A typical Ag-NPs suspension (S5), with size being 15 nm, when tested in vitro against forty-two local isolates and two reference strains, showed a considerable anti-H. pylori activity. In case of in vivo trial against H. pylori induced gastritis, after oral administration of 16 mg/kg body weight of S5 for seven days, a complete clearance was recorded in male albino rates. In comparative time-killing kinetics, S5 exhibited dose- and time-dependent anti-H. pylori activity that was almost similar to tetracycline and clarithromycin, less than amoxicillin, but higher than metronidazole. Furthermore, S5 was found to be an equally effective anti-H. pylori agent at low (≤4) and high pH with no drug resistance observed even up to 10 repeated exposures while a significant drug resistance was recorded for most of the standard drugs employed. The present results revealed the potential of the synthesized Ag-NPs as safer bactericidal agents for the treatment of H. pylori induced gastritis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9994-3700
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sadaf
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hameed
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Asghar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan ; College of Pharmacy, Salman bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Farooq
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Anwar
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shaukat Ali
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shahid
authors.affiliation: Deanship of Scientific Research College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Imran
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shakir
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Aqdas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yaqoob
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Safyan Akram
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
authors.lastname: Sajjad-Ur-Rahman