title: Facial fractures in children.
abstract: Facial trauma in children differs from adults. The growing facial skeleton presents several challenges to the reconstructive surgeon. A thorough understanding of the patterns of facial growth and development is needed to form an individualized treatment strategy. A proper diagnosis must be made and treatment options weighed against the risk of causing further harm to facial development. This article focuses on the management of facial fractures in children. Discussed are common fracture patterns based on the development of the facial structure, initial management, diagnostic strategies, new concepts and old controversies regarding radiologic examinations, conservative versus operative intervention, risks of growth impairment, and resorbable fixation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Arkansas Children's Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Slot 543, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA. Electronic address: jrboyette@uams.edu.
authors.forename: Jennings R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Boyette
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000379:methods; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000502:physiology; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D008446:Maxillofacial Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D020127:Recovery of Function; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015051:Zygomatic Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Facial growth; Mandible fractures; Maxillofacial trauma; Orbital fractures; Pediatric facial trauma