title: Integrated trilayered silk fibroin scaffold for osteochondral differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells.
abstract: Repairing osteochondral defects (OCD) remains a formidable challenge due to the high complexity of native osteochondral tissue and the limited self-repair capability of cartilage. Osteochondral tissue engineering is a promising strategy for the treatment of OCD. In this study, we fabricated a novel integrated trilayered scaffold using silk fibroin and hydroxyapatite by combining paraffin-sphere leaching with a modified temperature gradient-guided thermal-induced phase separation (TIPS) technique. This biomimetic scaffold is characterized by three layers: a chondral layer with a longitudinally oriented microtubular structure, a bony layer with a 3D porous structure and an intermediate layer with a dense structure. Live/dead and CCK-8 tests indicated that this scaffold possesses good biocompatibility for supporting the growth, proliferation, and infiltration of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). Histological and immunohistochemical stainings and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed that the ADSCs could be induced to differentiate toward chondrocytes or osteoblasts in vitro at chondral and bony layers in the presence of chondrogenic- or osteogenic-induced culture medium, respectively. Moreover, the intermediate layer could play an isolating role for preventing the cells within the chondral and bony layers from mixing with each other. In conclusion, the trilayered and integrated osteochondral scaffolds can effectively support cartilage and bone tissue generation in vitro and are potentially applicable for OC tissue engineering in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital , Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Meifeng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Baoshan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jiamin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yanhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Shenglu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lianyong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiulan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Deling
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Xinlong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D012831:Bombyx; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002469:Cell Separation; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D019245:Compressive Strength / Q000187:drug effects; D055119:Elastic Modulus / Q000187:drug effects; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D011817:Rabbits; D047011:Silk / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D047011:Silk
keywords: adipose-derived stem cells; calcified cartilage layer; integrated scaffold; osteochondral tissue engineering; silk fibroin