title: Synthesis, characterization, microbiological evaluation, genotoxicity and synergism tests of new nano silver complexes with sulfamoxole: X-ray diffraction of [Ag2(SMX)2]·DMSO.
abstract: The synthesis and microbiological evaluation of two new Ag(I) complexes with sulfamoxole (SMX), [Ag2(SMX)2]·H2O and [Ag4(SCN)3(SMX)]·H2O are described. Both were characterized by elemental analysis, thermogravimetry, powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction, NMR, Raman and experimental and theoretical IR spectroscopies. Their antibacterial and antifungal properties were evaluated by agar and broth dilution assays, respectively. In addition, synergism tests for Pseudomonas aeruginosa were performed, and genotoxicity studies were carried out employing the Allium cepa test. Both complexes displayed good activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, P. aeruginosa, and 10 fungi strains, with lower minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) than that of free SMX in all cases. The nanometrical crystallite particle size determined from XRPD, DLS and TEM might explain the good microbiological activity in spite of the low solubility of both complexes. The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) calculated from the P. aeruginosa test data indicated that the activity of the complexes is not due to synergism of the free components in the concentration ratios studied. Moreover, none of the complexes displayed cytotoxic effects on onions in the concentration range tested, and chromosome aberrations were not observed.
authors.affiliation: Química Inorganica, DEC, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Avenida General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Velluti
authors.affiliation: Area Química General e Instituto Química Rosario (IQUIR), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mosconi
authors.affiliation: Microbiología, DEPBIO, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Avenida General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Acevedo
authors.affiliation: Microbiología, DEPBIO, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Avenida General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay.
authors.forename: Graciela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Borthagaray
authors.affiliation: Fisicoquímica Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Avenida General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castiglioni
authors.affiliation: Física, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Avenida General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Faccio
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Materiais Inorgânicos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Davi Fernando
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Back
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química del Litoral, Centro Universitario Regional del Noroeste, Universidad de la República, Ruta 3 Km 363, Paysandú 60000, Uruguay.
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moyna
authors.affiliation: Area Química General e Instituto Química Rosario (IQUIR), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina. Electronic address: mrizzott@fbioyf.unr.edu.ar.
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rizzotto
authors.affiliation: Química Inorganica, DEC, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Avenida General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay. Electronic address: mtorre@fq.edu.uy.
authors.forename: María H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Torre
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D056831:Coordination Complexes / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D019697:Onions / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D010316:Particle Size; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D013423:Sulfamoxole / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D056831:Coordination Complexes; D013423:Sulfamoxole
keywords: Ag(I)–sulfonamide complexes; Antimicrobial activity; Genotoxicity; Synergism assay; X-ray structure