title: Delineating the regulation of energy homeostasis using hypothalamic cell models.
abstract: Attesting to its intimate peripheral connections, hypothalamic neurons integrate nutritional and hormonal cues to effectively manage energy homeostasis according to the overall status of the system. Extensive progress in the identification of essential transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms regulating the controlled expression and actions of hypothalamic neuropeptides has been identified through the use of animal and cell models. This review will introduce the basic techniques of hypothalamic investigation both in vivo and in vitro and will briefly highlight the key advantages and challenges of their use. Further emphasis will be place on the use of immortalized models of hypothalamic neurons for in vitro study of feeding regulation, with a particular focus on cell lines proving themselves most fruitful in deciphering fundamental basics of NPY/AgRP, Proglucagon, and POMC neuropeptide function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1A8, Canada.
authors.forename: Leigh
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wellhauser
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1A8, Canada.
authors.forename: Nicole M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Gojska
authors.affiliation: Departments of Physiology, Medicine and OB/GYN, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1A8, Canada; Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. Electronic address: d.belsham@utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: Denise D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Belsham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D009479:Neuropeptides
keywords: Agouti-related neuropeptide (AgRP); Cell biology; Fatty acids; Glucose; Hypothalamus; Immortalized hypothalamic neurons; Neuropeptide Y (NPY); Nutrients; Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC); Proglucagon (PG)