title: Cadmium and decabrominated diphenyl ether mixture: In vitro evaluation of cytotoxic, prooxidative and genotoxic effects.
abstract: In order to look into the combined effects of Cd and BDE-209 in vitro, this study was aimed at examining cytotoxic and genotoxic effects using the human colon carcinoma cell line (SW 480) as a biological test system as well as to determine if ROS production was one of the possible mechanisms of their mixture action. This cell line was chosen since ingestion of contaminated food/water represents an important route of exposure to both Cd and BDE-209, which is why intestinal cells are a common target for the contaminants present in food and water. Cells were treated with single Cd in concentrations of 2.5, 7.5 or 15μg Cd/mL (corresponding to 22, 67 or 134μM), single BDE-209 in concentrations of 2.5, 5 or 10μg BDE209/mL (corresponding to 2.5, 5 or 10μM), and their mixtures (design 3×3). Mixture of Cd and BDE-209 has shown clear potential to reduce the viability of SW 480 cells, as evidenced by cytotoxicity associated with ROS generation. Factorial regression models used to identify type of interaction revealed synergism related to mixture citotoxicity and additive interaction for the effect on ROS production. The results from this introductory study could contribute to the issue of possible adverse effects associated with co-exposure and body burden with two persistent environmental pollutants, Cd and BDE-209.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatovic", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address: makitox@pharmacy.bg.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Marijana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Curcic
authors.affiliation: Department for Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Zagreb University, Krsnjavoga 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia. Electronic address: kdurgo@pbf.hr.
authors.forename: Ksenija
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Durgo
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10001 Zagreb, Croatia. Electronic address: nkopjar@imi.hr.
authors.forename: Nevenka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kopjar
authors.affiliation: Department for Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Zagreb University, Krsnjavoga 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia. Electronic address: ancicm@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ancic
authors.affiliation: National Poison Control Center, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address: zarkovuc@eunet.rs.
authors.forename: Slavica
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vucinic
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatovic", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address: abiljana@pharmacy.bg.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Biljana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Antonijevic
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D016015:Logistic Models; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002104:Cadmium; C010902:decabromobiphenyl ether
keywords: BDE-209; Cd; Interactions; Mixture; ROS; cyto-/genotoxicity