title: Intercrossed carbon nanorings with pure surface states as low-cost and environment-friendly phosphors for white-light-emitting diodes.
abstract: As an important energy-saving technique, white-light-emitting diodes (W-LEDs) have been seeking for low-cost and environment-friendly substitutes for rare-earth-based expensive phosphors or Pd(2+)/Cd(2+)-based toxic quantum dots (QDs). In this work, precursors and chemical processes were elaborately designed to synthesize intercrossed carbon nanorings (IC-CNRs) with relatively pure hydroxy surface states for the first time, which enable them to overcome the aggregation-induced quenching (AIQ) effect, and to emit stable yellow-orange luminescence in both colloidal and solid states. As a direct benefit of such scarce solid luminescence from carbon nanomaterials, W-LEDs with color coordinate at (0.28, 0.27), which is close to pure white light (0.33, 0.33), were achieved through using these low-temperature-synthesized and toxic ion-free IC-CNRs as solid phosphors on blue LED chips. This work demonstrates that the design of surface states plays a crucial role in exploring new functions of fluorescent carbon nanomaterials.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures & College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing (China); Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094 (China).
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yanli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiufeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Haoshuang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zeng
keywords: carbon; luminescence; nanorings; surface states; white-light-emitting diodes