title: Adult neural stem cells stake their ground.
abstract: The birth of new neurons in the walls of the adult brain lateral ventricles has captured the attention of many neuroscientists for over 2 decades, yielding key insights into the identity and regulation of neural stem cells (NSCs). In the adult ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ), NSCs are a specialized form of astrocyte that generates several types of neurons for the olfactory bulb. In this review, we discuss recent findings regarding the unique organization of the V-SVZ NSC niche, the multiple regulatory controls of neuronal production, the distinct regional identities of adult NSCs, and the epigenetic mechanisms that maintain adult neurogenesis. Understanding how V-SVZ NSCs establish and maintain lifelong neurogenesis continues to provide surprising insights into the cellular and molecular regulation of neural development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Electronic address: limd@neurosurg.ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Electronic address: abuylla@stemcell.ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Buylla
mesh_terms: D053687:Adult Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D055153:Stem Cell Niche / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: chromatin; epigenetics; neural stem cell; neurogenesis; neurotransmitter; niche; regional identity