title: Frequency, CT findings, and fate of multiple infarcted regenerative nodules in liver cirrhosis after variceal bleeding or septic shock.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the frequency, CT findings, and fate of multiple infarcted regenerative nodules in patients with liver cirrhosis after variceal bleeding or septic shock.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a recent 3-year period, 492 patients with hematemesis or melena (n = 445) and septic shock (n = 47) in liver cirrhosis visited our hospital. After applying the exclusion criteria, 136 patients with active variceal bleeding and 29 patients with septic shock were finally included in the study. We diagnosed multiple infarcted regenerative nodules based on the findings of the first follow-up (within 30 days) CT after events. We evaluated the shape, number, size, margin, location, and distribution of the infarcted regenerative nodules.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-four patients were diagnosed with multiple infarcted regenerative nodules (20.6% [34/165]): 29 among 136 patients with variceal bleeding (21.3% [29/136]) and 5 among 29 patients with septic shock (17.2% [5/29]). Most of the infarcted regenerative nodules were round in shape, more than ten in number (79.4%), measured 1 cm or less (76.3%), had well-defined margins (61.8%), were present in the periphery (67.6%), and had a clustered distribution (67.6%). Almost all of the infarcted regenerative nodules disappeared on the second follow-up CT (88.9% [16/18]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In cirrhotic patients, multiple infarcted regenerative nodules were not rare (they were found in about one-fifth of the patients) on the first follow-up CT after variceal bleeding or septic shock. Majority of the infarcted regenerative nodules were more than ten in number, measured 1 cm or less, were located in the periphery, and had a clustered distribution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Korea.
authors.forename: Sunyoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dongil
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Woo Kyoung
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Young Kon
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Moon Seok
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Cheol Keun
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015897:Comorbidity; D003287:Contrast Media; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007472:Iohexol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; C093233:iobitridol; D007472:Iohexol