title: Association of variants in genes related to the immune response and obesity with BPH in CLUE II.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic inflammation and obesity may contribute to the genesis or progression of BPH and BPH-associated lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The influence of variants in genes related to these states on BPH has not been studied extensively. Thus, we evaluated the association of 17 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in immune response genes (IL1B, IL6, IL8, IL10, TNF, CRP, TLR4 and RNASEL) and genes involved in obesity, including insulin regulation (LEP, ADIPOQ, PPARG and TCF7L2), with BPH.
  
  
  METHODS
  BPH cases (N = 568) and age-frequency matched controls (N=568) were selected from among adult male CLUE II cohort participants who responded in 2000 to a mailed questionnaire. BPH was defined as BPH surgery, use of BPH medications or symptomatic BPH (American Urological Association Symptom Index Score ⩾ 15). Controls were men who had not had BPH surgery, did not use BPH medications and whose symptom score was ⩽ 7. Age-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the candidate SNPs was statistically significantly associated with BPH. However, we could not rule out possible weak associations for CRP rs1205 (1082C>T), ADIPOQ rs1501299 (276C>A), PPARG rs1801282 (-49C>G) and TCF7L2 rs7903146 (47833T>C). After summing risk alleles, men with ⩾ 4 had an increased BPH risk compared with those with ⩽ 1 (OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.10-2.89; P(trend) = 0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SNPs in genes related to immune response and obesity, especially in combination, may be associated with BPH.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA [2] Division of Epidemiology, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA [3] Division of Urology, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Peskoe
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece.
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Tsilidis
authors.affiliation: George W. Comstock Center for Public Health Research and Prevention, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Hagerstown, MD, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoffman-Bolton
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA [2] George W. Comstock Center for Public Health Research and Prevention, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Hagerstown, MD, USA [3] Prevention and Research Center, Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Helzlsouer
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA [2] Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Isaacs
authors.affiliation: Extramural Research Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA [2] Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA [3] Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Platz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*