title: Assessment of effective face mask ventilation is compromised during synchronised chest compressions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Delivery room cardiopulmonary resuscitation is rare. Recent evidence suggests that effective ventilation may be compromised during chest compressions (CC).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether trained neonatal personnel can assess effective ventilation during CC in the setting of changing lung compliance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neonatal providers (n=30) provided CC using a 3:1 CC to ventilation ratio performed for 2 min, with lung compliance adjusted every 30 s from 0.5 (low) to 1.0 mL/cmH2O (normal), followed by face mask ventilation (FMV) alone for 1 min. A neonatal lung simulator connected to a neonatal manikin was used to simulate the volume/pressure relation at low and normal compliance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group analysis showed no difference in peak inflating pressure (PIP) at low versus normal compliance, but a threefold increase in tidal volume (TV) (p=0.00005) during synchronised CC. Paired analysis demonstrated minimal change in PIP, but a significant decrease in TV at low versus normal compliance. During FMV only, a significant decrease in PIP and increase in TV was noted with improved compliance. The face mask was incorrectly applied in 12 (40%) cases and in 20/30 (67%) providers did not perceive a change in compliance. During FMV only, 7/30 (23%) took corrective steps to achieve chest rise.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most providers cannot assess the effectiveness of delivered TV in the face of changing compliance during synchronised CC, limiting the ability to make appropriate and necessary adjustments. This may prolong cardiopulmonary resuscitation and result in escalating therapies unrelated to the delivery of effective ventilation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Trang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huynh
authors.affiliation: Division of Nursing, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Rae Jean
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hemway
authors.affiliation: Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Perlman
mesh_terms: D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D003696:Delivery Rooms; D005260:Female; D006336:Heart Massage; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D017214:Laryngeal Masks; D008348:Manikins; D013990:Tidal Volume
keywords: Circulatory; Neonatology