title: Effect of early goal directed therapy on tissue perfusion in patients with septic shock.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to observe the effect of early goal directed therapy (EGDT) on tissue perfusion, microcirculation and tissue oxygenation in patients with septic shock.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with early septic shock (<24 hours) who had been admitted to the ICU of Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University from September 2009 through May 2011 were enrolled (research time: 12 months), and they didn't meet the criteria of EGDT. Patients who had one of the following were excluded: stroke, brain injury, other types of shock, severe heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, age below 18 years, pregnancy, end-stage disease, cardiac arrest, extensive burns, oral bleeding, difficulty in opening the mouth, and the onset of septic shock beyond 24 hours. Patients treated with the standard protocol of EGDT were included. Transcutaneous pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide (PtcO2, PtcCO2) were monitored and hemodynamic measurements were obtained. Side-stream dark field (SDF) imaging device was applied to obtain sublingual microcirculation. Hemodynamics, tissue oxygen, and sublingual microcirculation were compared before and after EGDT. If the variable meets the normal distribution, Student's t test was applied. Otherwise, Wilcoxon's rank-sum test was used. Correlation between variables was analyzed with Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty patients were involved, but one patient wasn't analyzed because he didn't meet the EGDT criteria. PtcO2 and PtcCO2 were monitored in 19 patients, of whom sublingual microcirculation was obtained. After EGDT, PtcO2 increased from 62.7±24.0 mmHg to 78.0±30.9 mmHg (P<0.05) and tissue oxygenation index (PtcO2/FiO2) was 110.7±60.4 mmHg before EGDT and 141.6±78.2 mmHg after EGDT (P<0.05). The difference between PtcCO2 and PCO2 decreased significantly after EGDT (P<0.05). The density of perfused small vessels (PPV) and microcirculatory flow index of small vessels (MFI) tended to increase, but there were no significant differences between them (P>0.05). PtcO2, PtcO2/FiO2, and PtcCO2 were not linearly related to central venous saturation, lactate, oxygen delivery, and oxygen consumption (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peripheral perfusion was improved after EGDT in patients with septic shock, and it was not exactly reflected by the index of systemic perfusion.
authors.affiliation: ICU, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China.
authors.forename: Yuan-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Critical Care Medicine, Zhong-da Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Critical Care Medicine, Zhong-da Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Critical Care Medicine, Zhong-da Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Critical Care Medicine, Zhong-da Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Critical Care Medicine, Zhong-da Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Bo
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Qiu
keywords: EGDT; Microcirculation; Septic shock; Sidestream dark field imaging; Tissue oxygenation; Tissue perfusion; Transcutaneous pressure of carbon dioxide; Transcutaneous pressure of oxygen