title: An investigation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities from blood components of Crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis).
abstract: Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were found from Crocodylus siamensis (C. siamensis) blood. The 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, nitric oxide scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging and linoleic peroxidation assays were used to investigate the antioxidant activities of the crocodile blood. Results show that crocodile blood components had antioxidant activity, especially hemoglobin (40.58 % nitric oxide radical inhibition), crude leukocyte extract (78 % linoleic peroxidation inhibition) and plasma (57.27 % hydroxyl radical inhibition). Additionally, the anti-inflammatory activity of the crocodile blood was studied using murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) as a model. The results show that hemoglobin, crude leukocyte extract and plasma were not toxic to RAW 264.7 cells. Also they showed anti-inflammatory activity by reduced nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) productions from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells. The NO inhibition percentages of hemoglobin, crude leukocyte extract and plasma were 31.9, 48.24 and 44.27 %, respectively. However, only crude leukocyte extract could inhibit IL-6 production. So, the results of this research directly indicate that hemoglobin, crude leukocyte extract and plasma of C. siamensis blood provide both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which could be used as a supplementary agent in pharmaceutical products.
authors.affiliation: Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Santi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Phosri
authors.forename: Pramote
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mahakunakorn
authors.forename: Jiraporn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lueangsakulthai
authors.forename: Nisachon
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jangpromma
authors.forename: Prasan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Swatsitang
authors.forename: Sakda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Daduang
authors.forename: Apisak
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dhiravisit
authors.forename: Sompong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thammasirirak
mesh_terms: D000489:Alligators and Crocodiles; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D001790:Blood Physiological Phenomena; D002457:Cell Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010949:Plasma
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D002457:Cell Extracts; D016207:Cytokines; D006454:Hemoglobins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical