title: Therapeutic effects of smecta or smectite powder on rats with paraquat toxication.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The plasma concentration of paraquat is closely related to the prognosis of patients with paraquat toxication, and the most common cause of death from paraquat poisoning is multiple organ failure (MOF). This study aimed to evaluate therapeutic effect of smecta on the plasma concentrations of paraquat and multi-organ injury induced by paraquat intoxication in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 76 healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into group A (control group, n=6), group B (poisoned group, n=30) and group C (smecta-treated group, n=30). Rats in groups B and C were treated intragastrically with PQ at 50 mg/kg, and rats in group A was treated intragastrically with saline (1 mL). Rats in group C were given intragastrically smecta at 400 mg/kg 10 minutes after administration of PQ, while rats in other two groups were treated intragastrically with 1 mL saline at the same time. Live rats in groups B and C were sacrificed at 2, 6, 24, 48, 72 hours after administration of PQ for the determination of paraquat plasma concentrations and for HE staining of the lung, stomach and jejunum. The rats were executed at the end of trial by the same way in group A.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The plasma concentration of paraquat (ng/mL) ranged from 440.314±49.776 to 4320.6150±413.947. Distinctive pathological changes were seen in the lung, stomach and jejunum in group B. Lung injuries deteriorated gradually, edema, leukocyte infiltration, pneumorrhagia, incrassated septa and lung consolidation were observed. Abruption of mucosa, hyperemic gastric mucosa and leukocyte infiltration were obvious in the stomach. The hemorrhage of jejunum mucosa, the abruption of villus, the gland damage with the addition of inflammatory cell infiltration were found. Compared to group B, the plasma concentration of paraquat reduced (P<0.01) and the pathological changes mentioned above were obviously alleviated in group C (P<0.05, P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smecta reduced the plasma concentration of paraquat and alleviated pathologic injury of rats with PQ poisoning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China.
authors.forename: Yin-Song
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China.
authors.forename: Zhan-Qing
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Luo Zhuang People' Hospital, Lin Yi 276016, China.
authors.forename: Guang-Jun
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Li
keywords: Paraquat; Pathological change; Smecta; Therapeutic injury