title: Long-term impact of liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue, on body weight and glycemic control in Japanese type 2 diabetes: an observational study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue, has been shown to possess pleiotropic effects including body weight reduction. However, long-term effect of liraglutide on body weight and glycemic control has not been elucidated in Japanese type 2 diabetes (T2D) subjects. Present study investigates whether liraglutide treatment maintains the body weight-decreasing and glucose-lowering effects for 2 years in Japanese T2D subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The enrolled subjects were 86 T2D patients [age; 59.8 ± 12.8 years, duration of diabetes; 15.8 ± 9.5 years, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c); 8.5 ± 1.5%, body mass index (BMI); 27.3 ± 5.4 kg/m(2) (15.8 - 46.5 kg/m(2)), mean ± SD]. Among 86 subjects, liraglutide was introduced in 25 inpatients and 61 outpatients, and 46 subjects were followed for 2 years. Clinical parameters were measured at baseline and 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 months after liraglutide introduction. The increase in liraglutide dosage and the additional usage of glucose-lowering agents depended on each attending physician.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 1 year after liraglutide introduction, 69 patients (80.2%) decreased body weight and 58 patients (67.4%) improved glycemic control. Body mass index (BMI) was changed 27.3 ± 5.4 kg/m(2) to 25.9 ± 4.8 kg/m(2) and percent reduction of body weight was significant and maintained over 4% at 2 years after liraglutide introduction. HbA1c was significantly decreased from 8.5 ± 1.5% to 7.7 ± 1.2% for 2 years. Liraglutide treatment tended to ameliorate lipid profile and hepatic enzymes. Stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that baseline BMI and previous insulin dose were positively associated with body weight reduction and baseline HbA1c was positively associated with reduction of HbA1c at 2 years after liraglutide introduction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term liraglutide treatment effectively maintained the reduction of body weight and the fair glycemic control, and also improved lipid profile and liver enzymes in Japanese T2D subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B5, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.
authors.forename: Kana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B5, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.
authors.forename: Norikazu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B5, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.
authors.forename: Yuya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujishima
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B5, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B5, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B5, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.
authors.forename: Masaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamaoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B5, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan ; Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B5, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.
authors.forename: Ayumu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B5, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B5, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan ; Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B5, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Funahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B5, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.
authors.forename: Iichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shimomura
keywords: Diabetes; Eating behavior; Glucagon-like peptide-1; Liraglutide; Metabolic syndrome; Obesity