title: Response inhibition and its relation to multidimensional impulsivity.
abstract: Impulsivity is a multidimensional construct that has been suggested as a vulnerability factor for several psychiatric disorders, especially addiction disorders. Poor response inhibition may constitute one facet of impulsivity. Trait impulsivity can be assessed by self-report questionnaires such as the widely used Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). However, regarding the multidimensionality of impulsivity different concepts have been proposed, in particular the UPPS self-report questionnaire ('Urgency', 'Lack of Premeditation', 'Lack of Perseverance', 'Sensation Seeking') that is based on a factor analytic approach. The question as to which aspects of trait impulsivity map on individual differences of the behavioral and neural correlates of response inhibition so far remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated 52 healthy individuals that scored either very high or low on the BIS-11 and underwent a reward-modulated Stop-signal task during fMRI. Neither behavioral nor neural differences were observed with respect to high- and low-BIS groups. In contrast, UPPS subdomain Urgency best explained inter-individual variability in SSRT scores and was further negatively correlated to right IFG/aI activation in 'Stop>Go' trials - a key region for response inhibition. Successful response inhibition in rewarded compared to nonrewarded stop trials yielded ventral striatal (VS) activation which might represent a feedback signal. Interestingly, only participants with low Urgency scores were able to use this VS feedback signal for better response inhibition. Our findings indicate that the relationship of impulsivity and response inhibition has to be treated carefully. We propose Urgency as an important subdomain that might be linked to response inhibition as well as to the use of reward-based neural signals. Based on the present results, further studies examining the influence of impulsivity on psychiatric disorders should take into account Urgency as an important modulator of behavioral adaptation.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address: wilbertz@cbs.mpg.de.
authors.forename: Tilmann
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wilbertz
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin,Germany.
authors.forename: Lorenz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Deserno
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Germany; SFB 1052 Obesity Mechanisms, Leipzig University, Germany.
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Horstmann
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Germany; SFB 1052 Obesity Mechanisms, Leipzig University, Germany.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Germany; SFB 1052 Obesity Mechanisms, Leipzig University, Germany; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Berlin School of Mind & Brain and Mind & Brain Institute, Humboldt-University, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Arno
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Villringer
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans-Jochen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Heinze
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium.
authors.forename: Carsten N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Boehler
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin,Germany.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schlagenhauf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012201:Reward
keywords: IFG; Impulsivity; Reward; Stop signal task; Urgency; fMRI