title: Practices to optimise gastrointestinal nematode control on sheep, goat and cattle farms in Europe using targeted (selective) treatments.
abstract: Due to the development of anthelmintic resistance, there have been calls for more sustainable nematode control practices. Two important concepts were introduced to study and promote the sustainable use of anthelmintics: targeted treatments (TT), where the whole flock/herd is treated based on knowledge of the risk, or parameters that quantify the severity of infection; and targeted selective treatments (TST), where only individual animals within the grazing group are treated. The aim of the TT and TST approaches is to effectively control nematode-induced production impacts while preserving anthelmintic efficacy by maintaining a pool of untreated parasites in refugia. Here, we provide an overview of recent studies that assess the use of TT/TST against gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants and investigate the economic consequences, feasibility and knowledge gaps associated with TST. We conclude that TT/TST approaches are ready to be used and provide practical benefits today. However, a major shift in mentality will be required to make these approaches common practice in parasite control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Charlier
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, North Somerset BS40 5DU, UK.
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rinaldi
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.affiliation: Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag Strasse 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Demeler
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section for Parasitology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7063, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Höglund
authors.affiliation: Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hertzberg
authors.affiliation: Dairy DataWarehouse, Uniform-Agri BV, Oostersingel 23, Assen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Van Ranst
authors.affiliation: Avia-GIS, Agro-Veterinary Information and Analysis, Risschotlei 33, 2980 Zoersel, Belgium.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hendrickx
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vercruysse
authors.affiliation: Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, UK.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kenyon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005060:Europe; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006041:Goats; D009349:Nematode Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics