title: Heart rate variability biofeedback intervention for reduction of psychological stress during the early postpartum period.
abstract: This study examined the effectiveness of heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback intervention for reduction of psychological stress in women in the early postpartum period. On postpartum day 4, 55 healthy subjects received a brief explanation about HRV biofeedback using a portable device. Among them, 25 mothers who agreed to implement HRV biofeedback at home were grouped as the biofeedback group, and other 30 mothers were grouped as the control group. At 1 month postpartum, there was a significant decrease in total Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score (P < 0.001) in the biofeedback group; this change was brought about mainly by decreases in items related to anxiety or difficulty sleeping. There was also a significant increase in standard deviation of the normal heartbeat interval (P < 0.01) of the resting HRV measures in the biofeedback group after adjusting for potential covariates. In conclusion, postpartum women who implemented HRV biofeedback after delivery were relatively free from anxiety and complained less of difficulties sleeping at 1 month postpartum. Although the positive effects of HRV biofeedback may be partly attributable to intervention effects, due to its clinical outcome, HRV biofeedback appears to be recommendable for many postpartum women as a feasible health-promoting measure after childbirth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternity Child Nursing, School of Health Science, Akita Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita-shi, 010-8543, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.forename: Hitomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shinohara
authors.forename: Hideya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kodama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome