title: Polycomb-mediated loss of microRNA let-7c determines inflammatory macrophage polarization via PAK1-dependent NF-κB pathway.
abstract: Serine/threonine kinase family members p21-activated kinases (PAKs) are important regulators of cytoskeletal remodeling and cell motility in mononuclear phagocytic system, but their role in macrophage differentiation and polarization remains obscure. We have shown here that inflammatory stimuli induced PAK1 overexpression in human and murine macrophages. Elevated expression of PAK1 contributed to macrophage M1 polarization and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxin shock. We further observed that epigenetic loss of microRNA let-7c due to enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) upregulation determined PAK1 elevation and inflammatory phenotype in M1 macrophages. EZH2/let-7c/PAK1 axis promotes macrophage M1 polarization via NIK-IKK-NF-κB signaling. Moreover, pharmacological and genetic ablation with EZH2/let-7c/PAK1 axis blunted inflammatory phenotype in M1 macrophages. Critically, either myeloid-restricted PAK1 deletion (PAK1(Lyz2cre)) or pharmacological and genetic ablation with EZH2/let-7c/PAK1 signal resulted in resistance to LPS-induced endotoxin shock via blunting macrophage M1 polarization. PAK1, therefore, is an essential controller of inflammatory macrophage polarization, regulating immune responses against pathogenic stimuli.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D000071221:Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology*; D051379:Mice; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D063151:Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D054462:p21-Activated Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D035683:MicroRNAs; D016328:NF-kappa B; C487931:mirnlet7 microRNA, human; C542687:mirnlet7 microRNA, mouse; C498409:EZH2 protein, human; D000071221:Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein; C498410:Ezh2 protein, mouse; D063151:Polycomb Repressive Complex 2; C515903:PAK1 protein, human; C515905:Pak1 protein, mouse; D054462:p21-Activated Kinases