title: Preferential sorption of some natural organic matter fractions to titanium dioxide nanoparticles: influence of pH and ionic strength.
abstract: Natural organic matter (NOM) sorption to nanoparticles (NPs) can influence their transport and bioavailability in the aquatic environment. The sorption affinity of NOM to surfaces including NPs is size dependent, and depending on environmental conditions, NOM may enhance or mitigate NPs toxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the preferential sorption of different-sized fractions of NOM to titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs. We specifically investigated the influence of pH, ionic strength, and NOM concentration on the extent of this preferential sorption using a constant sorbent concentration (400 mg/L TiO2 NPs). Additionally, sorption of NOM to TiO2 NPs at varying pH was investigated. The nonsorbed NOM was separated from the sorbed, by 50 nm polycarbonate membrane filters and ultracentrifugation. High-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) was used to determine the average molecular weights of NOM (MWw). Corroborative evidence of preferential sorption of different-sized molecular weight fractions of NOM was obtained from optical techniques such as absorbance and fluorescence spectrophotometry. The total organic carbon was measured by the Total Organic Carbon Analyzer-Shimadzu (TOC-VCPH). The results indicated that there is preferential sorption of larger sized fractions of NOM to TiO2 NPs irrespective of NOM concentration. It was observed that the sorption of larger sized fractions of NOM was much enhanced at lower pH and at higher ionic strength. Both absorbance and fluorescence spectrophotometric techniques gave credible corroborative evidence on the extent of preferential sorption of lager sized fractions of NOM with respect to pH and ionic strength. The sorption results demonstrated higher sorption at lower pH than at higher pH. Overall, the results of this study suggest that the environmental conditions are key factors that can contribute to NOM's fractional preferential sorption to NPs in the aquatic environment.
authors.affiliation: Clemson Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Pendleton, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA, phennym@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: Phenny
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mwaanga
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Carraway
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Schlautman
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006812:Humic Substances; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008970:Molecular Weight; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D006812:Humic Substances; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium