title: Association between metabolic syndrome and severity of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS): an observational study in a 4666 European men cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and the frequency and severity of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 4666 men aged 55-100 years consulting a general practitioner during a 12-day period in December 2009 have been included in this observational study. LUTS were defined according to the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and metabolic syndrome with the National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III definition. We studied the correlation between metabolic syndrome and its individual components, and the severity of LUTS (IPSS and treatment for LUTS). Analyses were adjusted for body mass index, age, and prostate-specific antigen level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Metabolic syndrome was reported in 51.5% of the patients and 47% were treated for LUTS. There was a significant link between metabolic syndrome and treated LUTS (P < 0.001). The risk of being treated for LUTS also increased with an increasing number of metabolic syndrome components present. Metabolic syndrome was positively correlated with the severity of the LUTS (P < 0.001) for overall IPSS and both voiding and storage scores (P < 0.001). Each component of the metabolic syndrome (except high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol) appeared as an independent risk factor of high IPSS and of LUTS treatment in multivariate analysis. Metabolic syndrome was positively correlated with prostate volume.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest a significant relationship between LUTS linked to benign prostatic hyperplasia and metabolic syndrome, in terms of frequency and severity. The risk of being treated for LUTS also increased with an increasing number of metabolic syndrome components present. The prevention of such modifiable factors by the promotion of dietary changes and regular physical activity practice may be of great importance for public health.
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Pourya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pashootan
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ploussard
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cocaul
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Armaury
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Gouvello
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Desgrandchamps
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: IPSS; LUTS; benign prostatic hyperplasia; general practitioner; metabolic syndrome X; obesity