title: Clostridium huakuii sp. nov., an anaerobic, acetogenic bacterium isolated from methanogenic consortia.
abstract: A Gram-staining-positive, spore-forming, obligately anaerobic, acetogenic bacterium, designated LAM1030(T), was isolated from methanogenic consortia enriched from biogas slurry collected from the large-scale anaerobic digester of Modern Farming Corporation in Hebei Province, China. Cells of strain LAM1030(T) were motile, straight or spiral-rod-shaped. Strain LAM1030(T) could utilize glucose, fructose, maltose, galactose, lactose, sucrose, cellobiose, mannitol, pyruvate, succinic acid and tryptophan as the sole carbon source. Acetic acid, isovaleric acid and butanoic acid were the main products of glucose fermentation. Sodium sulfite was used as an electron acceptor. Growth of strain LAM1030(T) was completely inhibited by the addition of ampicillin, tetracycline, gentamicin or erythromycin at a concentration of 20 µg ml(-1). The main polar lipids of strain LAM1030(T) were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, 11 unknown glycolipids and two unknown phospholipids. No respiratory quinone was detected. The major fatty acids of strain LAM1030(T) were C16 : 0 (21.1 %), C14 : 0 (10.3 %), summed feature 9 (including C16:0 10-methyl and/or iso-C17:1 ω9c) (11.3% ), summed feature 3 (including C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c) (10.6% ) and iso-C15 : 0 (6.6 %). Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain LAM1030(T) belonged to the genus Clostridium and was most closely related to Clostridium subterminale DSM 6970(T), Clostridium thiosulfatireducens DSM 13105(T) and Clostridium sulfidigenes DSM 18982(T), with 97.0, 96.9 and 96.8 % similarity, respectively. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain LAM1030(T) was 31.2±0.3 mol%. On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characterization, strain LAM1030(T) is suggested to represent a novel species of the genus Clostridium, for which the name Clostridium huakuii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LAM1030(T) ( = ACCC 00698(T) = JCM 19186(T)).
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources (Ministry of Agriculture, China), Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, CAAS, Beijing 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources (Ministry of Agriculture, China), Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, CAAS, Beijing 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: Yanwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
authors.forename: Chi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.
authors.forename: Jinlong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Engineering Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, PR China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources (Ministry of Agriculture, China), Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, CAAS, Beijing 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources (Ministry of Agriculture, China), Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, CAAS, Beijing 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: Huimin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources (Ministry of Agriculture, China), Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, CAAS, Beijing 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaorong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources (Ministry of Agriculture, China), Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, CAAS, Beijing 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: Yanting
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources (Ministry of Agriculture, China), Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, CAAS, Beijing 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: Bingqiang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001482:Base Composition; D056804:Biofuels; D002681:China; D003013:Clostridium / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006017:Glycolipids / Q000737:chemistry; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005227:Fatty Acids; D006017:Glycolipids; D010743:Phospholipids; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S