title: Super-resolution reconstruction of late gadolinium-enhanced MRI for improved myocardial scar assessment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and validate a method for improving image resolution of late gadolinium-enhanced (LGE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for accurate assessment of myocardial scar.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cohort of 37 postinfarction patients, LGE was performed prior to ventricular tachycardia catheter ablation therapy at 1.5T. A super-resolution reconstruction (SRR) technique was applied to the three anisotropic views: short-axis (SA), two-chamber, and four-chamber, to reconstruct a single isotropic volume. For compensation of the interscan heart motion, a joint localized gradient-correlation-based scheme was developed. Scar was identified as either core or gray zone in both the SRR and original SA volumes, and evaluated based on the clinically established bipolar voltage range of the in vivo electroanatomical voltage mapping (EAVM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the SA volume, the SRR method resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) reduced myocardial scar gray zone sizes (10.5 ± 8.8 g vs. 9.2 ± 8.1 g) and improved agreement of the bipolar voltage range of scar gray zone (0.99 ± 0.65 mV vs. 1.46 ± 1.15 mV).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We propose an SRR method to automatically reconstruct a high-quality isotropic LGE volume from three orthogonal views. Analysis of the in vivo EAVM demonstrated improved myocardial scar assessment from the SRR volume compared with the SA LGE alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Oleh
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dzyubachyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dirk H J
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Poot
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hildo J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lamb
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zeppenfeld
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.|Intelligent Systems Department, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Boudewijn P F
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Lelieveldt
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rob J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: van der Geest
mesh_terms: D002921:Cicatrix / Q000473:pathology*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017682:Myocardial Stunning / Q000473:pathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA
keywords: image registration; late gadolinium-enhanced MR; myocardial scar; super-resolution reconstruction