title: Indirectly suspended droplet microextraction of water-miscible organic solvents by salting-out effect for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
abstract: A simple and low-cost method that indirectly suspended droplet microextraction of water-miscible organic solvents (ISDME) by salting-out effect before high-performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) detection was used for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in different samples. The ISDME is a combination of salting-out extraction of water-miscible organic solvent and directly suspended droplet microextraction (DSDME). Ninety-five microliters water-miscible organic solvent (1-propanol) was added to a 500-µL sample. A homogeneous solution was formed immediately. To produce a steady vortex at the top of the solution, the sample was agitated at 700 rpm using a magnetic stirrer. By the addition of ammonium sulfate (saturated solution) to the homogeneous solution, 1-propanol was separated and collected at the bottom of the steady vortex. Finally, 20 µL 1-propanol was injected into HPLC-UV. The effects of important parameters such as water-miscible organic solvent (type and volume), type of salt, and extraction time were evaluated. Under optimum conditions, the method has a good linear calibration range (0.1 µg/L-300 µg/L), coefficients of determination (R(2) > 0.998), low limits of detection (between 0.02 µg/L and 0.27 µg/L), and acceptable recovery (>85.0%).
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daneshfar
authors.forename: Tahere
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Khezeli
mesh_terms: D000433:1-Propanol / Q000737:chemistry; D000645:Ammonium Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry; D002138:Calibration; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000592:standards; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet / Q000592:standards; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012997:Solvents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; D000433:1-Propanol; D000645:Ammonium Sulfate
keywords: Indirectly suspended droplet; Salting-out extraction; high-performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV); polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)