title: Effect of tumor necrosis factor-α on ventricular arrhythmias in rats with acute myocardial infarction in vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is an acute cardiovascular emergency. This study was undertaken to assess the effect of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on ventricular arrhythmias induced by AMI in rats in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and forty male Wistar rats were randomized into a sham-operation group, an AMI group, and a recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor:Fc fusion protein(rhTNFR:Fc) group. Acute anterior wall myocardial infarction was produced in the AMI group by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), and there was no ligation but operation in the sham-operation group. The rhTNFR:Fc group was treated with rhTNFR:Fc(10 mg/kg), a TNF-α antagonist, 24 hours before LAD ligation. The spontaneous and induced programmed electrical stimulation ventricular arrhythmias were recorded at baseline and 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 3 hours, 6 hours and 12 hours after ligation. At the same time the protein and mRNA expression levels of TNF-α among different groups were detected by histochemistry and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of TNF-α increased markedly from 10 minutes after infarction, peaked at 20-30 minutes, and returned to baseline gradually in the AMI group and rhTNFR:Fc group. The time-windows of spontaneous and induced ventricular arrhythmias were similar. Compared with the AMI group, the rhTNFR:Fc group showed a lesser expression of TNF-α protein and a lower incidence of ventricular arrhythmias (P<0.05). There was no obvious change in the sham-operation group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The expression of TNF-α induced by AMI could contribute to the onset of ventricular arrhythmias.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022 , China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022 , China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Jian
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022 , China.
authors.forename: Yu-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022 , China.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022 , China.
authors.forename: Jia-Ding
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022 , China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022 , China.
authors.forename: Yi-Mei
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Du
keywords: Acute myocardial infarction; Fc fusion protein (rhTNFR: Fc); Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor; Tumor necrosis factor-α; Ventricular arrhythmia