title: Multiphoton microscopy as a diagnostic imaging modality for pancreatic neoplasms without hematoxylin and eosin stains.
abstract: Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of tissue samples is the standard approach in histopathology for imaging and diagnosing cancer. Recent reports have shown that multiphoton microscopy (MPM) provides better sample interface with single-cell resolution, which enhances traditional H&E staining and offers a powerful diagnostic tool with potential applications in oncology. The purpose of this study was to further expand the versatility of MPM by establishing the optical parameters required for imaging unstained histological sections of pancreatic neoplasms, thereby providing an efficient and environmentally sustainable alternative to H&E staining while improving the accuracy of pancreatic cancer diagnoses. We found that the high-resolution MPM images clearly distinguish between the structure of normal pancreatic tissues compared with pancreatic neoplasms in unstained histological sections, and discernable differences in tissue architecture and cell morphology between normal versus tumorigenic cells led to enhanced optical diagnosis of cancerous tissue. Moreover, quantitative assessment of the cytomorphological features visualized from MPM images showed significant differences in the nuclear–cytoplasmic ratios of pancreatic neoplasms compared with normal pancreas, as well as further distinguished pancreatic malignant tumors from benign tumors. These results indicate that the MPM could potentially serve as an optical tool for the diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasms in unstained histological sections.
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fuzhou 350005, China.
authors.forename: Youting
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Fujian Normal University, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fuzhou 350007, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Department of Pathology, Fuzhou 350005, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fuzhou 350005, China.
authors.forename: Zhipeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Fujian Normal University, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fuzhou 350007, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Fujian Normal University, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fuzhou 350007, China.
authors.forename: Shuangmu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhuo
authors.affiliation: The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fuzhou 350001, China.
authors.forename: Yanling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Fujian Normal University, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fuzhou 350007, China.
authors.forename: Jianxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004396:Coloring Agents; D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS); D005260:Female; D006416:Hematoxylin; D006651:Histocytochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D036641:Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010179:Pancreas / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS); D006416:Hematoxylin