title: Characteristics of posttraumatic headache following mild traumatic brain injury in military personnel in Iran.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the incidence and characteristics of posttraumatic headache attributed to mild brain injury in military personnel in Iran within a prospective and observational study design.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective observational descriptive study was conducted with a cohort of military personnel under military education during a 6-month period at the Military Education Center in Isfahan, Iran. 322 military personnel under education were selected randomly and were given a 13-item mild brain injury questionnaire accompanied with affective disorders and headache questionnaires and were reevaluated after a 3-month interval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 30 (9.3 %) of the 322 military personnel met criteria for a mild brain injury. Among them, 18 personnel (60 %) reported having headaches during the 3-month reevaluation. PTHs defined as headaches beginning within 1 week after a head trauma were present in 5.6 % of military personnel under study during 6 months. In total, 67 % of posttraumatic headaches (PTH) were classified as migrainous or possible migrainous features. Patients with affective disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder and depression were at a higher risk for developing PTH following mild brain injury (p < 0.05). PTH did not relate to demographic factors such as age or type of trauma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Posttraumatic headache attributed to mild brain injury is a common disorder in military personnel. Migrainous features are predominant among them in comparison with the general population. PTH is not related to a type of trauma, but has association with affective disorders.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, 19568-37173, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeid Rezaei
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Jouzdani
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ebrahimi
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rezaee
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shishegar
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tavallaii
authors.forename: Gholamreza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kaka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D051298:Post-Traumatic Headache / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires