title: The characteristics of coarse particulate matter air pollution associated with alterations in blood pressure and heart rate during controlled exposures.
abstract: Although fine particulate matter (PM) air pollution <2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, the potential health effects of coarse PM (2.5-10 μm in aerodynamic diameter; PM10-2.5) remain less clearly understood. We aimed to elucidate the components within coarse PM most likely responsible for mediating these hemodynamic alterations. Thirty-two healthy adults (25.9 ± 6.6 years) were exposed to concentrated ambient coarse PM (CAP) (76.2 ± 51.5 μg/m(3)) and filtered air (FA) for 2 h in a rural location in a randomized double-blind crossover study. The particle constituents (24 individual elements, organic and elemental carbon) were analyzed from filter samples and associated with the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) changes occurring throughout CAP and FA exposures in mixed model analyses. Total coarse PM mass along with most of the measured elements were positively associated with similar degrees of elevations in both systolic BP and HR. Conversely, total PM mass was unrelated, whereas only two elements (Cu and Mo) were positively associated with and Zn was inversely related to diastolic BP changes during exposures. Inhalation of coarse PM from a rural location rapidly elevates systolic BP and HR in a concentration-responsive manner, whereas the particulate composition does not appear to be an important determinant of these responses. Conversely, exposure to certain PM elements may be necessary to trigger a concomitant increase in diastolic BP. These findings suggest that particulate mass may be an adequate metric of exposure to predict some, but not all, hemodynamic alterations induced by coarse PM mass.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morishita
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Bard
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Ritabrata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: J Timothy
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Dvonch
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spino
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Bhramar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.affiliation: Davis Heart Lung Research Institute, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Qinghua
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Jack R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Harkema
authors.affiliation: Medical Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajagopalan
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Brook
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D012424:Rural Population; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D052638:Particulate Matter