title: In-hospital mortality following treatment with red blood cell transfusion or inotropic therapy during early goal-directed therapy for septic shock: a retrospective propensity-adjusted analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We sought to investigate whether treatment of subnormal (<70%) central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) with inotropes or red blood cell (RBC) transfusion during early goal-directed therapy (EGDT) for septic shock is independently associated with in-hospital mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of a prospective EGDT patient database drawn from 21 emergency departments with a single standardized EGDT protocol. Patients were included if, during EGDT, they concomitantly achieved a central venous pressure (CVP) of ≥8 mm Hg and a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of ≥65 mm Hg while registering a ScvO2 < 70%. Treatment propensity scores for either RBC transfusion or inotrope administration were separately determined from independent patient sub-cohorts. Propensity-adjusted logistic regression analyses were conducted to test for associations between treatments and in-hospital mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 2,595 EGDT patients, 572 (22.0%) met study inclusion criteria. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 20.5%. Inotropes or RBC transfusions were administered for an ScvO2 < 70% to 51.9% of patients. Patients were not statistically more likely to achieve an ScvO2 of ≥70% if they were treated with RBC transfusion alone (29/59, 49.2%, P = 0.19), inotropic therapy alone (104/226, 46.0%, P = 0.15) or both RBC and inotropic therapy (7/12, 58.3%, P = 0.23) as compared to no therapy (108/275, 39.3%). Following adjustment for treatment propensity score, RBC transfusion was associated with a decreased adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of in-hospital mortality among patients with hemoglobin values less than 10 g/dL (aOR 0.42, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.97, P = 0.04) while inotropic therapy was not associated with in-hospital mortality among patients with hemoglobin values of 10 g/dL or greater (aOR 1.16, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.96, P = 0.57).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among patients with septic shock treated with EGDT in the setting of subnormal ScvO2 values despite meeting CVP and MAP target goals, treatment with RBC transfusion may be independently associated with decreased in-hospital mortality.
authors.forename: Dustin G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Mark
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Morehouse
authors.forename: Yun-Yi
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Mamata V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Kene
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Elms
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Dustin W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Ballard
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Vinson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002496:Central Venous Pressure; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D057216:Propensity Score; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality*; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D010100:Oxygen