title: [Contraindications of spirit (shen) in acupuncture and moxibustion].
abstract: ABSTRACT The taboos of man-spirit (RenShen) and bottom-spirit (KaoShen) are two kinds of time-related contraindications that are more commonly seen in the literature of acupuncture and moxibustion. The meaning of man-spirit is often extended to qi-blood or mind, or else directly equals to heaven-spirit (TianShen). It is highly possible that the bottom-spirit is subordinate to man-spirit, and both Taoist philosophy and the SanCai theory declare the importance of bottom in human body. The violation of contraindications could lead to diseases in the neighborhood where man-spirit travels. However, the results are generally recorded as ulcer, lingering disease and death in most medical texts. From Ming dynasty, more and more doctors have expressed disapproval of man-spirit and bottom-spirit.
authors.forename: Zheng-Han
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Ji-Lan
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Shu-Bin
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zu
mesh_terms: D015670:Acupuncture Therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D009071:Moxibustion / Q000523:psychology*