title: Mining approximate temporal functional dependencies with pure temporal grouping in clinical databases.
abstract: Functional dependencies (FDs) typically represent associations over facts stored by a database, such as "patients with the same symptom get the same therapy." In more recent years, some extensions have been introduced to represent both temporal constraints (temporal functional dependencies - TFDs), as "for any given month, patients with the same symptom must have the same therapy, but their therapy may change from one month to the next one," and approximate properties (approximate functional dependencies - AFDs), as "patients with the same symptomgenerallyhave the same therapy." An AFD holds most of the facts stored by the database, enabling some data to deviate from the defined property: the percentage of data which violate the given property is user-defined. According to this scenario, in this paper we introduce approximate temporal functional dependencies (ATFDs) and use them to mine clinical data. Specifically, we considered the need for deriving new knowledge from psychiatric and pharmacovigilance data. ATFDs may be defined and measured either on temporal granules (e.g.grouping data by day, week, month, year) or on sliding windows (e.g.a fixed-length time interval which moves over the time axis): in this regard, we propose and discuss some specific and efficient data mining techniques for ATFDs. We also developed two running prototypes and showed the feasibility of our proposal by mining two real-world clinical data sets. The clinical interest of the dependencies derived considering the psychiatry and pharmacovigilance domains confirms the soundness and the usefulness of the proposed techniques.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Informatica, Università degli Studi di Verona, strada le Grazie 15, I-37134 Verona, Italy. Electronic address: Carlo.Combi@univr.it.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Combi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Informatica, Università degli Studi di Verona, strada le Grazie 15, I-37134 Verona, Italy. Electronic address: Matteo.Mantovani@univr.it.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mantovani
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Informatica, Università degli Studi di Verona, strada le Grazie 15, I-37134 Verona, Italy. Electronic address: Alberto.Sabaini@univr.it.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sabaini
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Informatica, Università degli Studi di Verona, strada le Grazie 15, I-37134 Verona, Italy. Electronic address: Pietro.Sala@univr.it.
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sala
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Medicina di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Verona, p.le L.A. Scuro 10, I-37134 Verona, Italy. Electronic address: Francesco.Amaddeo@univr.it.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Amaddeo
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Medicina di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Verona, p.le L.A. Scuro 10, I-37134 Verona, Italy. Electronic address: Ugo.Moretti@univr.it.
authors.forename: Ugo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Moretti
authors.affiliation: DEIB, Politecnico di Milano, p.za L. da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy. Electronic address: giuseppe.pozzi@polimi.it.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pozzi
mesh_terms: D057225:Data Mining / Q000379:methods*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D006801:Humans; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized; D008962:Models, Theoretical
keywords: Approximate temporal functional dependency; Grouping; Pharmacovigilance; Psychiatric patients; Sliding window; Temporal granule