title: Morphological characteristics of the deep layer of articularis genus muscle.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The articularis genus muscle pulls the suprapatellar pouch upwards when the knee joint is extended, preventing mechanical impingement of the joint capsule which theoretically could cause anterior knee pain. However, few anatomical studies have addressed this muscle. Here we present the precise morphology of articularis genus.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 22 (13 male and 9 female) adult cadavers with no pathological conditions in the knee joints were examined during educational dissection at Nagoya City University Medical School in 2012. After exclusion of 4 joints due to their flexion contracture, 40 knee joints (18 right and 22 left) were analysed. We performed statistical analysis on anatomical laterality and the difference of sizes among lateral, medial and central branches and studied the correlation of the length and area of the articularis genus muscle to the lengthand cross-section area of the femur.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The average number of branches of the deep layer of the articularis genus muscle was 2.7 ± 0.5, the mean length of all brancheswas 5.4 ± 1.3 cm and the mean area of all branches was 5.5 ± 2.6 cm². There was no significant correlation between the length and area of the articularis genus muscle to the length and cross-section area of the femur. There was no significant laterality in central, medial and lateral branches; however we found that the medial branch was statistically longer and larger than the lateral branchon either knee. This could be contributing to prevention of lateral dislocation of the patella.
authors.affiliation: Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences. esakuma@med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sakuma
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Soji