title: Improved methods for selective cryolipolysis results in subcutaneous fat layer reduction in a porcine model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cryolipolysis is a noninvasive method for the selective reduction of localized fat tissues. It has demonstrated efficacy in both clinical and preclinical trials; however, despite its popularity, its mechanisms of action and evaluation methods are not yet fully defined. The purpose of this study was to improved methods for cryolipolysis using a porcine model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The abdomens of female PWG micro-pigs were treated with a cooling device (CRYOLIPO II(™)), and we examined the treatment effects using photography, three-dimensional photography, ultrasound, gross, and microscopic pathology, and serum lipid level analyses in order to determine the mechanism of action, efficacy, and safety of CRYOLIPO II(™).
  
  
  RESULTS
  CRYOLIPO II(™) successfully reduced abdominal fat in our porcine model. Gross and microscopic histological results confirmed the noninvasive cold-induced selective subcutaneous fat destruction, and showed increases in pre-adipocyte differentiation and in the activation of lipid catabolism. In particular, we found that CRYOLIPO II(™) may increase PPARδ (delta) levels in adipose tissue at 30-60 days post-treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fat reduction by cryolipolysis was successfully achieved in our porcine model. Thus, our findings indicate that CRYOLIPO II(™) may be a promising fat reduction device for body contouring and fat reduction in humans, and that cryolipolysis exerts its effects, at least partly, by targeting the PPARδ signaling pathway. These results show that both investigative and diagnostic potentials capacity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea; Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: T-R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003452:Cryosurgery / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D015187:Lipectomy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D050507:Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal / Q000166:cytology* / Q000601:surgery*; D013552:Swine; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: PPARdelta; cryolipolysis; fat reduction; noninvasive cooling