title: Antiulcer activity of the ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of the leaves of Markhamia tomentosa in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The leaves of Markhamia tomentosa (Benth.) K. Schum. Ex Engl. (Bignoniaceae) are used traditionally in the treatment of skin afflictions, sores, ulcers and inflammation. The aim of the study was to investigate the antiulcer activity of the crude ethanolic extract from the leaves of Markhamia tomentosa, determine the active fraction(s) of the extract and identify the chemical constituents in the active fraction by LC-MS.
  
  
  METHODS
  The antiulcer activity of the crude extract (50, 100 and 150mg/kg, p.o.) was evaluated in ethanol and indomethacin-induced models while the solvent fractions (150mg/kg) were screened using ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats. Furthermore, anti-ulcer activity of the active fraction (50, 100 and 150mg/kg, p.o.) was performed using indomethacin and pylorus ligation models. Parameters such as gastric volume, pH and acidity were determined in the pylorus ligation model. LC-ESI-MS analysis was used to identify the components in the active fraction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The extract at the dose of 50, 100 and 150mg/kg caused a significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent inhibition of ulcer in the ethanol and indomethacin-induced ulcer models, respectively. The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction showed the most potent antiulcer activity from all the fractions tested. This fraction produced 72% and 92% inhibition of indomethacin and pylorus-induced ulcer at a dose of 150mg/kg respectively. Acteoside, luteolin, luteolin-7-rutinoside, Luteolin-3',7-di-O-glucoside, carnosol, dilapachone, tormentic acid, oxo-pomolic acid and ajugol were detected in the EtOAc fraction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data provide a rational base for the folkloric use of Markhamia tormentosa in the treatment of ulcers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Nigeria. Electronic address: toyin_sofidiya@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: Margaret O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Sofidiya
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, 4000, South Africa. Electronic address: foagunbiade@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Foluso O
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Agunbiade
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, 4000, South Africa. Electronic address: koorbanally@ukzn.ac.za.
authors.forename: Neil A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Koorbanally
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Nigeria. Electronic address: bimsowemi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Abimbola
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sowemimo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Nigeria. Electronic address: koretreks@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Dapo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Soesan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Nigeria. Electronic address: ardaybeampay@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Titi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Familusi
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029402:Bignoniaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012997:Solvents; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D000431:Ethanol; C007650:ethyl acetate; D007213:Indomethacin
keywords: Antiulcer; Bignoniaceae; LC–MS analysis; Markhamia tomentosa