title: A new apparatus for real-time assessment of the particle size distribution of disintegrating tablets.
abstract: The aim of this study is the introduction of a novel apparatus that is capable of continuously measuring the particle size reduction of disintegrating tablets and analysis of the obtained results. The apparatus is constructed such that no particles pass directly through the pumping system. Thereby, the overall energy input into the particle suspension is reduced, and continuous measurement is possible without rapid destruction of the generated particles. The detected particle sizes at the beginning and at the end of the measurement differ greatly, depending on the applied disintegrant. The median particle sizes at the end of the measurement vary between 621.5 and 178.0 μm for different disintegrants. It is demonstrated that the particle size reduction follows an exponential function and that the fit parameters can be used to describe the disintegration behavior. A strong correlation between the median particle size of crospovidone disintegrants and generated particle size of the tablets is observed. This could be due to a more homogeneous distribution of the disintegrant particles in the tablets. Similar trends are observed for sodium starch glycolate and croscarmellose sodium. The new apparatus provides an innovative method to describe disintegrant effectiveness and efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: julian.quodbach@hhu.de.
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quodbach
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kleinebudde
mesh_terms: D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium / Q000737:chemistry; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004867:Equipment Design; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010316:Particle Size; D011205:Povidone / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D013213:Starch / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D013607:Tablets; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D013607:Tablets; D013213:Starch; C048390:sodium starch glycolate; D011205:Povidone; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium
keywords: excipients; kinetics; particle size; preformulation; superdisintegrants; tablet disintegration; tableting