title: Decreased expression of aquaporin 2 is associated with impaired endometrial receptivity in controlled ovarian stimulation.
abstract: Recently, there has been evidence of decreased implantation rates with in vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer due to controlled ovarian stimulation (COS). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of COS on embryo implantation and the role of aquaporin 2 (AQP2). We recruited eight patients who underwent COS and 40 matched controls. Endometrial samples were collected on Day 4~8 after injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin in the COS group and in the mid-secretory phase in the control group. Human endometrial morphological changes after COS were examined and expression of AQP2, leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and integrin B3 (ITGB3) were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunohistochemistry in human endometrium and Ishikawa cells. Attachment rates were obtained using the embryo attachment test. The results showed that endometrial epithelial cells from the COS group were disrupted and lacked pinopodes. Messenger RNA and protein levels of AQP2, LIF and ITGB3 decreased in endometrial samples from the COS group. Knockdown of AQP2 resulted in reduced expression of LIF and ITGB3 and reduced embryo attachment rates. In conclusion, impaired endometrial receptivity in patients who underwent COS is correlated with a decreased expression of AQP2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China.
authors.forename: Gufeng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China.
authors.forename: Runju
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China.
authors.forename: Yimin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China.
authors.forename: Huijuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China.
authors.forename: Caiyun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866# Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors.forename: Jianzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang University, 866# Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors.forename: Hefeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051399:Aquaporin 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques; D010065:Embryo Implantation, Delayed; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005300:Fertility Agents, Female / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D034622:RNA Interference; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C496023:AQP2 protein, human; D051399:Aquaporin 2; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D005300:Fertility Agents, Female; C507837:LIF protein, human; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C509044:TGFB3 protein, human; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3