title: Small nucleolar RNA 113-1 suppresses tumorigenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Emerging evidence suggests that small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are involved in tumorigenesis. The roles of small nucleolar RNA 113-1 (SNORD113-1) on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of SNORD113-1 was measured in 112 HCC tumor tissues using quantitative RT-PCR and compared with expression levels from with paired non-tumor tissues. The effects of SNORD113-1 on HCC tumorigenesis were investigated in HepG2 and Huh7 cells as well as a xenograft nude mouse model. CpG methylation within the promoter region of the SNORD113-1 gene was identified using Sodium bisulfite sequencing. Cancer pathway reporter investigate the mechanism by which SNORD113-1 suppressed tumorigenesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SNORD113-1 expression was significantly downregulated in HCC tumors compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues, and downregulation of SNORD113-1 in HCC tumors was significantly associated with worse survival of patients. In addition, CpG methylation at the promoter region of the SNORD113-1 gene was higher in HCC tumors than adjacent non-tumor tissues. Functionally, SNORD113-1 suppressed cancer cell growth in HepG2 and Huh7 cells and in a xenograft nude mouse model. Furthermore, SNORD113-1 inactivated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and SMAD2/3 in MAPK/ERK and TGF-β pathways.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SNORD113-1 functions as a tumor suppressor role in HCC and may be important as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for HCC.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Cui-Ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Lan-Juan
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, 800 XiangYin RD, Shanghai 200433, China. wonwin29@126.com.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhong-Tian
authors.initials: ZT
authors.lastname: Qi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008875:Middle Aged; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D010766:Phosphorylation; D020537:RNA, Small Nucleolar / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020537:RNA, Small Nucleolar; C000597356:small nucleolar RNA 113-1, human