title: Tumor necrosis factor alpha -238 G/A and -308 G/A polymorphisms and soluble TNF-α levels in chronic kidney disease: correlation with clinical variables.
abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by accumulation of proinflammatory cytokines, mainly tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TNFA gene, including -238 G/A and -308 G/A, have been associated with alteration in the soluble TNF-α (sTNF-α) expression. The aim was to investigate the association of -238 y -308 TNFA gene SNPs with sTNF-α levels in CKD patients. We included 150 CKD patients and 192 control subjects (CS). Both SNPs were genotyped with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique and sTNF-α levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The genotypic distribution of -238 and -308 SNPs was not significantly different between CKD patients and CS (p > 0.001). However, the sTNF-α levels were higher in CKD, compared to CS (p < 0.001). Also, sTNF-α correlated with creatinine (r = 0.279, p = 0.004), urea (r = 0.325, p = 0.001), phosphorus (r = 0.479, p = 0.001), glomerular filtration rate (r = -0.236, p = 0.019) and monocyte count (r = 0.276, p = 0.010). In conclusion, elevated sTNF-α levels are associated with CKD. However, the -238 and -308 TNFA gene SNPs were not associated with susceptibility to CKD and sTNF-α levels in a Mexican population.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: Diana I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Huerta
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: Bertha A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital General Regional No. 46, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: Jorge F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Topete-Reyes
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: José F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Valle
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital General Regional No. 46, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Parra-Michel
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital General Regional No. 46, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fuentes-Ramírez
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital General Regional No. 46, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: María A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Salazar-López
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: Yeminia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Valle
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: Zyanya
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Reyes-Castillo
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cruz-González
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: Lorena M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Brennan-Bourdon
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: Norma
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Torres-Carrillo
keywords: CKD; TNF-α levels; TNFA polymorphisms