title: Roles of human papillomavirus infection and stathmin in the pathogenesis of sinonasal inverted papilloma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to investigate roles of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and stathmin in sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP).
  
  
  METHODS
  HPV DNA detection was performed by the fluorescence-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Stathmin protein expression was investigated by the immunohistochemistry method and mRNA expression of stathmin, Kif2a, and cyclin D1 were assessed by real-time PCR in SNIP and control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The positive rate of HPV DNA detected in SNIP was about 53.6% (15 of 28). Recurrent cases showed a higher rate of HPV infection compared with initial cases and higher Krouse stage (T3 + T4) cases showed higher rate of HPV infection than lower Krouse stage (T1 + T2) cases. Stronger expression of stathmin, Kif2a, and cyclin D1 were observed in SNIP, especially HPV(+) SNIP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HPV infection was closely associated with recurrence and progression of SNIP. Stathmin is a valuable prognostic marker and could be considered as a therapeutic target in patients with SNIP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.|Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Chemical Engineering, Fuqing Branch of Fujian Normal University, Fuqing, Fujian, China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
authors.forename: Xi-Sheng
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Xiong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004279:DNA, Viral; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016547:Kinesins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000821:virology; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D018308:Papilloma, Inverted / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D050777:Stathmin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004279:DNA, Viral; C509805:KIF2A protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D050777:Stathmin; D019938:Cyclin D1; D016547:Kinesins
keywords: Kif2a; cyclin D1; human papillomavirus; sinonasal inverted papilloma; stathmin