title: Cardiac rehabilitation reduces serum levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) levels have been found to play an important role in the progression of atherosclerosis. However, methods for effectively reducing oxLDL levels have not been established. Comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation (CR) with exercise training prevents the progression of atherosclerosis, and might reduce oxLDL levels. METHODS AND RESULTS: We measured the serum levels of malondialdehyde-modified LDL (MDA-LDL), a marker of oxLDL, in 136 patients who were enrolled in a 6-month CR program. Peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2) and MDA-LDL levels were analyzed, before and 6 months after enrolment. In total, 67 patients completed the CR program (CR group) and 69 patients failed to complete the program (non-CR group). Peak V̇O2increased significantly in the CR group (P<0.01). The levels of MDA-LDL decreased significantly in the CR group (P<0.01) but not in the non-CR group. ∆V̇O2(peak V̇O2after CR-peak V̇O2before CR) was negatively associated with ∆MDA-LDL (MDA-LDL after CR-MDA-LDL before CR) (R(2)=0.11, P=0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed that continuing CR was an independent determining factor for lowering MDA-LDL levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CR decreases oxLDL levels in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, CR may prevent cardiovascular events through an antioxidative effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takashima
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ise
authors.forename: Shusuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwase
authors.forename: Sahika
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.forename: Ayumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Niki
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taketani
authors.forename: Hirotsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Soeki
authors.forename: Tetsuzo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wakatsuki
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katoh
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akaike
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sata
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000072038:Cardiac Rehabilitation; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D008315:Malondialdehyde