title: Differential shift in spatial bias over time depends on observers׳ initial bias: Observer subtypes, or regression to the mean?
abstract: Healthy subjects typically exhibit a subtle bias of visuospatial attention favouring left space that is commonly termed 'pseudoneglect'. This bias is attenuated, or shifted rightwards, with decreasing alertness over time, consistent with theoretical models proposing that pseudoneglect is a result of the right hemisphere׳s dominance in regulating attention. Although this 'time-on-task effect' for spatial bias is observed when averaging across whole samples of healthy participants, Benwell, C. S. Y., Thut, G., Learmonth, G., & Harvey, M. (2013b). Spatial attention: differential shifts in pseudoneglect direction with time-on-task and initial bias support the idea of observer subtypes. Neuropsychologia, 51(13), 2747-2756 recently presented evidence that the direction and magnitude of bias exhibited by the participant early in the task (left biased, no bias, or right biased) were stable traits that predicted the direction of the subsequent time-on-task shift in spatial bias. That is, the spatial bias of participants who were initially left biased shifted in a rightward direction with time, whereas that of participants who were initially right biased shifted in a leftward direction. If valid, the data of Benwell et al. are potentially important and may demand a re-evaluation of current models of the neural networks governing spatial attention. Here we use two novel spatial attention tasks in an attempt to confirm the results of Benwell et al. We show that rather than being indicative of true participant subtypes, these data patterns are likely driven, at least in part, by 'regression towards the mean' arising from the analysis method employed. Although evidence supports the contention that trait-like individual differences in spatial bias exist within the healthy population, no clear evidence is yet available for participant/observer subtypes in the direction of time-on-task shift in spatial biases.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: daniel.newman1@monash.edu.
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering and Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Gerard M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Loughnane
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco T R
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Zoratti
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana C P
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Petra C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: van den Bogert
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, United States.
authors.forename: Simon P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Redmond G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: O'Connell
authors.affiliation: School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bellgrove
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Alertness; Pseudoneglect; Regression towards the mean; Spatial attention