title: [Nine-year longitudinal study of cardiovascular risk factors in Spanish children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the prevalence, evolution of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and their relationship with follow-up of metabolic control in pediatric patients with Type 1 Diabetes (T1DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal ambispective study including 75 children and adolescents with T1DM diagnosed from 1996 to 2003 and followed-up for nine years. Family history of CVRF was registered. Data from the second, sixth and ninth year after diagnosis were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Family history of CVRF was found in 46.6% of the patients. The prevalence of HbA1c>7.5% in the second, sixth and ninth year after diagnosis was 45.3%, 53.3% y 56%, respectively. The prevalence of obesity (BMI>2SDS) in the three visits was 5.3%, 5.3% y 6.7%, respectively. Hypertension (BP>p90) was found in 14.6%, 8% and 13.3% of the patients in the three visits, respectively. Total cholesterol>200mg/dl: 25.3%, 13.3% and 16%; high density cholesterol lipoprotein< 40 mg/dl: 1.3%, 1.3% and 4%; low density cholesterol lipoprotein>100mg/dl: 38.6%, 34.6% and 38.6%; triglyceride>150 mg/dl: 0%, 1.3% and 2.6%, respectively. There was a significant increase in the prevalence of TG/HDL-C ≥ 2 between the sixth and the ninth year after diagnosis (1.3% and 9.3%, P<.05). A persistent HbA1c ≥ 7.5% showed a statistically significant relationship to a 0.94 decrease in HDL-C z-score between the second and the sixth year, and a persistent HbA1c<7.5% was significantly associated with a 0.55 increase in HDL-C z-score (P=.015) in the same period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A non-optimal metabolic control in first years of DM1 is associated with a decrease in HDL-C z-score. TG/HDL-C ratio could be an early marker of cardiovascular risk.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Diabetes Pediátrica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Golmayo Gaztelu
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Diabetes Pediátrica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ros Pérez
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Diabetes Pediátrica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alonso Blanco
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Diabetes Pediátrica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martín-Frías
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Diabetes Pediátrica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, España. Electronic address: rbarrio.hrc@salud.madrid.org.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barrio Castellanos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular diseases risk factors; Cholesterol HDL; Diabetes tipo 1; Dislipidemias; Dyslipidaemia; Enfermedad cardiovascular; Factores de riesgo cardiovascular; HDL-colesterol; Hemoglobin; Hemoglobina A1c; Hipertensión arterial; Hypertension; Obesidad; Obesity; Triglicéridos; Triglycerides; Type 1 diabetes