title: Prevalence and genetic diversity of noroviruses in outpatient pediatric clinics in Beijing, China 2010-2012.
abstract: Norovirus is a major cause of diarrheal disease with epidemic, outbreak or sporadic patterns in humans of all ages worldwide. This study aimed to determine the genotypic characteristics of noroviruses from infants and children in Beijing. Stool samples (n=1128) were collected from patients with symptoms of acute gastroenteritis in the past 3 years from 2010 to 2012. The norovirus positivity rate was 16.1% (182/1128) by using RT-PCR, including 122 with primer set covering polymerase region, 177 with primer set covering capsid region, and 117 with both polymerase and capsid regions. By sequence analysis for capsid genes, all the noroviruses identified were belonging to genogroup II (GII). Among these positive samples, GII.4 (61.0%) was the most common genotype detected, followed by GII.3 (35.0%). The new variant GII.4 Sydney_2012 strains emerged in this study in September and became the predominant genotype later. Those 117 from 182 RT-PCR positive samplers were able to be genotyped based on the sequences of both polymerase and capsid genes. The result was interesting that 59 out of these 117 positive specimens (50.4%) had mismatched genotypes between polymerase and capsid genes, including 7 suspected recombinants patterns. Among them, GII.P12/GII.3 was the most common combination which accounts for 54.2% (32/59), followed by GII.Pe/GII.4 Sydney_2012 which was 23.7% (14/59). Two novel recombinants, GII.P22/GII.5 and GII.21/GII.3 were first detected in this study. In summary, this study provides a detailed description based on laboratory data of the genetic diversity of norovirus in young children with acute gastroenteritis in Beijing. Moreover the data revealed that in the evolution of norovirus, new variant and novel recombination emerged frequently.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.
authors.forename: Li-ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China. Electronic address: yqianbjc@263.net.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.
authors.forename: You
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.
authors.forename: Li-ying
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.
authors.forename: Ru-nan
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.
authors.forename: Lin-qing
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.
authors.forename: Chong-guang
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.
authors.forename: Hui-jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000266:history / Q000821:virology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005814:Genes, Viral; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D029322:Norovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D010802:Phylogeny; D015995:Prevalence; D012367:RNA, Viral; D012621:Seasons; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: Acute gastroenteritis; Children; China; Genotype analysis; Norovirus