title: Modulation of radiation-induced alterations in oxidative stress and cytokine expression in lung tissue by Panax ginseng extract.
abstract: We investigated the modulating effect of Panax ginseng extract (PGE) on radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) by measuring early changes in oxidative stress levels, cytokine expression, and the histopathology of mouse lung tissue treated with high dose of X-ray radiation. The mice were pretreated with 25, 50, and 100-mg/kg doses of PGE orally for four consecutive days, and their thoraces were then exposed to 15-Gy X-ray radiation 1 h after the last administration of PGE on day 4. The pretreatments with 50 and 100 mg/kg PGE led to significant reductions in the elevation of lipid peroxidation levels at 2 and 10 days, respectively, after irradiation. The mice pretreated with PGE exhibited dose-dependent reductions in the irradiation-induced production of tumor necrosis factor α and transforming growth factor β1 cytokines 10 days after irradiation, with these reductions nearly reaching the control levels after the 100-mg/kg dose. Furthermore, together with providing significant protection against reductions in catalase activity and glutathione content, pretreatment with 100 mg/kg PGE resulted in a marked attenuation of the severity of inflammatory changes in lung tissue 10 days after irradiation. A high pretreatment dose of PGE may be a useful pharmacological approach for protection against RILI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Soon
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Hyeong Geug
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Jin Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Min Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Gil Ja
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.forename: Chang Gue
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Son
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D011833:Radiation Injuries, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D010936:Plant Extracts; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002374:Catalase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Ginseng; cytokine; lung injury; oxidative stress; radiation