title: Emerging biomarkers for heart failure: an update.
abstract: A growing array of biological pathways underpins the syndrome we recognize as heart failure. These include both deleterious pathways promoting its development and progression, as well as compensatory cardioprotective pathways. Components of these pathways can be utilized as biomarkers of this condition to aid diagnosis, prognostication and potentially guide management. As our understanding of the pathophysiology of heart failure deepens further candidate biomarkers are being identified. We provide an overview of the more recently emerging biomarkers displaying potential promise for future clinical use.
authors.affiliation: Scottish Advanced Heart Failure Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, G81 4DY, UK.
authors.forename: Jonathan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Dalzell
authors.forename: Jane A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cannon
authors.forename: Colette E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Ninian N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Roy S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Gardner
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: biomarkers; emerging; heart failure; novel