title: Modulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and cardiovascular responses during static exercise following iNOS antagonism within the ventrolateral medulla.
abstract: Previous reports indicate that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) blockade within the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) differentially modulated cardiovascular responses, medullary glutamate, and GABA concentrations during static skeletal muscle contraction. In the current study, we determined the role of iNOS antagonism within the RVLM and CVLM on cardiovascular responses and iNOS protein expression during the exercise pressor reflex in anesthetized rats. Following 120 min of bilateral microdialysis of a selective iNOS antagonist, aminoguanidine (AGN; 10 µM), into the RVLM, the pressor responses were attenuated by 72 % and changes in heart rate were reduced by 38 % during a static muscle contraction. Furthermore, western blot analysis of iNOS protein abundance within the RVLM revealed a significant attenuation when compared to control animals. In contrast, bilateral administration of AGN (10 µM) into the CVLM augmented the increases in mean arterial pressure by 60 % and potentiated changes in heart rate by 61 % during muscle contractions, but did not alter expression of the iNOS protein within the CVLM. These results demonstrate that iNOS protein expression within the ventrolateral medulla is differentially regulated by iNOS blockade that may, in part, contribute to the modulation of cardiovascular responses during static exercise.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pasarapa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Towiwat
authors.forename: Siripan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Phattanarudee
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Maher
authors.forename: Ahmmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ally
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006146:Guanidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006146:Guanidines; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C004479:pimagedine