title: β-Glucan induces reactive oxygen species production in human neutrophils to improve the killing of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata isolates from vulvovaginal candidiasis.
abstract: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is among the most prevalent vaginal diseases. Candida albicans is still the most prevalent species associated with this pathology, however, the prevalence of other Candida species, such as C. glabrata, is increasing. The pathogenesis of these infections has been intensely studied, nevertheless, no consensus has been reached on the pathogenicity of VVC. In addition, inappropriate treatment or the presence of resistant strains can lead to RVVC (vulvovaginal candidiasis recurrent). Immunomodulation therapy studies have become increasingly promising, including with the β-glucans. Thus, in the present study, we evaluated microbicidal activity, phagocytosis, intracellular oxidant species production, oxygen consumption, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and the release of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-1β, and IL-1Ra in neutrophils previously treated or not with β-glucan. In all of the assays, human neutrophils were challenged with C. albicans and C. glabrata isolated from vulvovaginal candidiasis. β-glucan significantly increased oxidant species production, suggesting that β-glucan may be an efficient immunomodulator that triggers an increase in the microbicidal response of neutrophils for both of the species isolated from vulvovaginal candidiasis. The effects of β-glucan appeared to be mainly related to the activation of reactive oxygen species and modulation of cytokine release.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil.
authors.forename: Patricia de Souza
authors.initials: Pde S
authors.lastname: Bonfim-Mendonça
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil.
authors.forename: Bianca Altrão
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Ratti
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil.
authors.forename: Janine da Silva Ribeiro
authors.initials: Jda S
authors.lastname: Godoy
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil.
authors.forename: Melyssa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Negri
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil.
authors.forename: Nayara Cristina Alves de
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fiorini
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esporte, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hatanaka
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil.
authors.forename: Marcia Edilaine Lopes
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Consolaro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil.
authors.forename: Sueli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Oliveira Silva
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil.
authors.forename: Terezinha Inez Estivalet
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Svidzinski
mesh_terms: D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D041221:Candida glabrata / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002181:Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006997:Hypochlorous Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D012008:Recurrence; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016209:Interleukin-8; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D047071:beta-Glucans; D006997:Hypochlorous Acid; D009195:Peroxidase