title: Effects of different types of jump impact on trabecular bone mass and microarchitecture in growing rats.
abstract: Substantial evidence from animal studies indicates that jumping increases bone mass and strength. However, most studies have focused on the take-off, rather than the landing phase of jumps. Thus, we compared the effects of landing and upward jump impact on trabecular bone mass and microarchitecture. Male Wistar rats aged 10 weeks were randomly assigned to the following groups: sedentary control (CON), 40-cm upward jumps (40UJ); 40-cm drop jumps (40DJ); and 60-cm drop jumps (60DJ) (n = 10 each). The upward jump protocol comprised 10 upward jumps/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks to a height of 40 cm. The drop jump protocol comprised dropping rats from a height of 40 or 60 cm at the same frequency and time period as the 40UJ group. Trabecular bone mass, architecture, and mineralization at the distal femoral metaphysis were evaluated using microcomputed tomography. Ground reaction force (GRF) was measured using a force platform. Bone mass was significantly higher in the 40UJ group compared with the DJ groups (+49.1% and +28.3%, respectively), although peak GRF (-57.8% and -122.7%, respectively) and unit time force (-21.6% and -36.2%, respectively) were significantly lower in the 40UJ group. These results showed that trabecular bone mass in growing rats is increased more effectively by the take-off than by the landing phases of jumps and suggest that mechanical stress accompanied by muscle contraction would be more important than GRF as an osteogenic stimulus. However, the relevance of these findings to human bone physiology is unclear and requires further study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yong-In
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Teruki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sone
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohnaru
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Social Management, Sports Health Course School of Social Science, KIBI International University, Takahashi, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukunaga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015519:Bone Density; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic; D005269:Femur / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development*; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal; D009929:Organ Size; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography