title: The role of neuronal versus astrocyte-derived heparan sulfate proteoglycans in brain development and injury.
abstract: Astrocytes modulate many aspects of neuronal function, including synapse formation and the response to injury. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) mediate some of the effects of astrocytes on synaptic function, and participate in the astrocyte-mediated brain injury response. HSPGs are a highly conserved class of proteoglycans, with variable heparan sulfate (HS) chains that play a major role in determining the function of these proteins, such as binding to growth factors and receptors. Expression of both the core proteins and their HS chains can vary depending on cellular origin, thus the functional impact of HSPGs may be determined by the cell type in which they are expressed. In the brain, HSPGs are expressed by both neurons and astrocytes; however, the specific contribution of neuronal HSPGs compared with astrocyte-derived HSPGs to development and the injury response is largely unknown. The present review examines the current evidence regarding the roles of HSPGs in the brain, describes the cellular origins of HSPGs, and interrogates the roles of HSPGs from astrocytes and neurons in synaptogenesis and injury. The importance of considering cell-type-specific expression of HSPGs when studying brain function is discussed.
authors.affiliation: *Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Farhy Tselnicker
authors.affiliation: *Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Matthew M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Boisvert
authors.affiliation: *Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Nicola J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D055495:Neurogenesis; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013569:Synapses / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins