title: Effect of light, methyl jasmonate and cyclodextrin on production of phenolic compounds in hairy root cultures of Scutellaria lateriflora.
abstract: Scutellaria lateriflora (American skullcap) has been used in traditional medicine to treat several medical conditions including nervous disorders and cancer. Previous studies have associated these medicinal properties to flavones present in roots and leaves of this species. In order to develop a production system and study the biosynthesis of these bioactive compounds, hairy root cultures of S. lateriflora were established and line 4 was selected for further studies based on its growth performance in a modified Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with 0.5mg/l indole-3-butyric acid. Scanning electron microscopy of the hairy roots showed a high profusion of hairs along the root. Several phenolic compounds, including verbascoside, and the flavones wogonin, baicalein, scutellarein and their respective glucuronides were identified by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in the root tissue, but not in the culture medium. Among these compounds, verbascoside accumulated at the highest levels. Interestingly, cultures incubated under continuous light and treated with 15mM methyl-β-cyclodextrin for 24h produced significantly higher levels of the aglycones, baicalein and wogonin, but not scutellarein, compared to cultures incubated under continuous darkness. This work demonstrates that hairy root cultures of S. lateriflora have the biosynthetic capacity to produce known Scutellaria flavones and suggest that light may have a selected regulatory effect on the synthesis or accumulation of these phenolic compounds.
authors.affiliation: Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467, USA.
authors.forename: Zachary
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.affiliation: Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467, USA.
authors.forename: Tianhong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467, USA.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nopo-Olazabal
authors.affiliation: Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467, USA.
authors.forename: Shuchi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467, USA.
authors.forename: Taylor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ingle
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA 31030, USA.
authors.forename: Nirmal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Joshee
authors.affiliation: Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467, USA. Electronic address: fmedinabolivar@astate.edu.
authors.forename: Fabricio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Medina-Bolivar
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000494:pharmacology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003505:Cyclodextrins / Q000494:pharmacology; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D044950:Flavanones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005960:Glucosides; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008027:Light; D015394:Molecular Structure; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000494:pharmacology; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D031363:Scutellaria / Q000737:chemistry*; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D059808:Polyphenols
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D003505:Cyclodextrins; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D044950:Flavanones; D005960:Glucosides; D007211:Indoles; D054883:Oxylipins; D010636:Phenols; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; C014612:indolebutyric acid; C058956:acteoside; D059808:Polyphenols; C006680:baicalein; C072239:methyl jasmonate; C051692:scutelarin; C085514:wogonin
keywords: Baicalein; Cyclodextrin; Elicitation; Hairy roots; Lamiaceae; Methyl jasmonate; Phenolics; Scutellarein; Scutellaria; Verbascoside; Wogonin