title: Venom-based biotoxins as potential analgesics.
abstract: Chronic pain is a common debilitating condition with negative social and economic consequences. Management of chronic pain is challenging and the currently available medications do not yet yield satisfactory outcomes for many patients. Venom-derived biotoxins from various venomous species consist of several substances with different structures and compositions that include peptides. A unique characteristic of some venom-based biotoxins is the ability to block essential components of the pain signaling system, notably ion channels. This property is leading to the evaluation of the potential of biotoxins as analgesics to manage chronic pain. In addition to their therapeutic potential, biotoxins have also been essential tools to probe mechanisms underlying pain signaling, channelopathies and receptor expression. This review discusses venom-derived peptidergic biotoxins that are in preclinical stages or already in clinical trials. Some promising results from preliminary in vitro studies, ongoing challenges and unmet needs will also be discussed.
authors.affiliation: Center for Sensory - Motor Interaction (SMI), Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7D3, DK-9220 Aalborg East, Denmark.
authors.forename: Parisa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gazerani
authors.forename: Brian Edwin
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Cairns
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D014688:Venoms / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D014688:Venoms
keywords: analgesics; biotoxin; ion channels; pain; toxin; venom