title: MRI study: objective olfactory function and CNS pathologies in patients with multiple sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease characterized by CNS lesions causing physical and cognitive impairment. Using psychophysical testing, an olfactory disorder is diagnosed in 15-38.5% of patients with MS. Olfactometry permits objective testing of the sensory nerve function.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study looked at 20 patients with MS. Clinical, olfactory (chemosensory evoked potentials), and MRI data (volume of the bulbus olfactorius (BO), olfactory brain (OB), lesions in the CNS) were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  25 percent of patients were hyposmic, exhibiting higher OB lesion volumes and smaller bulb volumes. H2S and CO2 latencies and the BO volume (inversely) correlated with the volume and number of MS lesions of the olfactory brain in all patients. Patients with a smaller olfactory bulb volume exhibited longer H2S latencies (p = 0.025).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A relationship between olfactory bulb volume, olfactory brain lesion load, and objective olfactory function testing in MS patients was investigated in all patients. Our data shows that brain damage characteristic of MS, including reduced bulb volume, causes an increase in chemosensory potential latencies and an olfactory function deficit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Franca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Holinski
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Sarah B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Dahlslett
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Harms
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bohner
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Olze
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000473:pathology*; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D009833:Olfactory Pathways / Q000473:pathology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric