title: Periodontal health condition in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare periodontal health status in individuals with and without Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 58 individuals with AD and 60 cognitively normal (ND) adult individuals, ranging in age from 50 to 80 years, were assessed for periodontal health status. Individuals with AD were further divided as mild, moderate, and severe, based on degree of cognitive impairment as evaluated using Mini-Mental State Examination. Gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and percentage of bleeding sites (%BOP) were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the evaluated periodontal parameters were higher in individuals with AD than that in ND individuals, and the periodontal status deteriorated with the progression of AD. There were significant differences in mean GI, PI, PD, CAL, and %BOP between all the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The periodontal health status of individuals with AD deteriorates with disease progression and was closely related to their cognitive function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Santosh S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Martande
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India periodonticsgdcri@gmail.com.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Pradeep
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Sonender Pal
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Vydehi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Minal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumari
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Deepak Kumar
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Suke
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Government Medical College, Haldwani, Uttaranchal, India.
authors.forename: Arjun P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Raju
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Savitha B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Naik
authors.affiliation: Department of Opthalmology, JJ Medical College and Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Priyanka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Guruprasad
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Oxford Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Anirban
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chatterji
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010808:Physical Examination; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016388:Tooth Loss / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; chronic periodontitis; dementia; oral health