title: Factors that influence adherence to antiretroviral treatment in an urban population, Jakarta, Indonesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the number of people receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Indonesia has increased in recent years, little is known about the specific characteristics affecting adherence in this population. Indonesia is different from most of its neighbors given that it is a geographically and culturally diverse country, with a large Muslim population. We aimed to identify the current rate of adherence and explore factors that influence ART adherence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from ART-prescribed outpatients on an HIV registry at a North Jakarta hospital in 2012. Socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics were explored as factors associated with adherence using logistics regression analyses. Chi squared test was used to compare the difference between proportions. Reasons for missing medication were analyzed descriptively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and sixty-one patients participated, of whom 77% reported ART adherence in the last 3 months. The level of social support experienced was independently associated with adherence where some social support (p = 0.018) and good social support (p = 0.039) improved adherence compared to poor social support. Frequently cited reasons for not taking ART medication included forgetting to take medication (67%), busy with something else (63%) and asleep at medication time (60%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study identified that an increase in the level of social support experienced by ART-prescribed patients was positively associated with adherence. Social support may minimize the impact of stigma among ART prescribed patients. Based on these findings, if social support is not available, alternative support through community-based organizations is recommended to maximize treatment success.
authors.affiliation: Independent Researcher, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Emma Rosamond Nony
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.affiliation: Sulianti Saroso Infectious Diseases Hospital, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, North Jakarta, Jakarta Province, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Masdalina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pane
authors.affiliation: Sulianti Saroso Infectious Diseases Hospital, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, North Jakarta, Jakarta Province, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Toni
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wandra
authors.affiliation: Sulianti Saroso Infectious Diseases Hospital, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, North Jakarta, Jakarta Province, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Cicilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Windiyaningsih
authors.affiliation: Sulianti Saroso Infectious Diseases Hospital, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, North Jakarta, Jakarta Province, Indonesia.
authors.lastname: Herlina
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
authors.forename: Gina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Samaan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005843:Geography; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D008875:Middle Aged; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult