title: Surgical options for complex craniofacial pain.
abstract: Complex craniofacial pain can be a challenging condition to manage both medically and surgically, but there is a resurgence of interest in the role of neurostimulation therapy. Surgical options for complex craniofacial pain syndromes include peripheral nerve/field stimulation, ganglion stimulation, spinal cord stimulation, dorsal nerve root entry zone lesioning, motor cortex stimulation, and deep brain stimulation. Peripheral nerve/field stimulation is rapidly being explored and is preferred by both patients and surgeons. Technological advances and improved understanding of the interactions of pain pathways with its affective component will widen the scope of neurostimulation therapy for craniofacial pain syndromes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Neuromodulation, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, 480 Medical Center Drive, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Mayur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Neuromodulation, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, 480 Medical Center Drive, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Neuromodulation, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, 480 Medical Center Drive, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Electronic address: milind.deogaonkar@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: Milind
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deogaonkar
mesh_terms: D055011:Ablation Techniques; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000601:surgery; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D062187:Spinal Cord Stimulation; D013126:Spinal Nerve Roots / Q000601:surgery; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation
keywords: Craniofacial pain; Deep brain stimulation; Ganglion neuromodulation; Motor cortex stimulation; Neuropathic pain; Peripheral field/nerve stimulation; Spinal cord stimulation; Surgical treatment