title: Association of Hashimoto's thyroiditis with thyroid cancer.
abstract: This prospective study investigates the relationship between Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and thyroid cancer (TC) in patients with thyroid nodules (TNs). We prospectively examined 2100 patients with 2753 TNs between January 5, 2010 and August 15, 2013. A total of 2023 patients with 2669 TNs met the inclusion criteria of TN ≥5 mm and age ≥18 years. Each patient had blood drawn before fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) for the following measurements: TSH, free thyroxine, free tri-iodothyronine, thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and antithyroglobulin antibody (TgAb). Diagnosis of TC was based on pathology analysis of thyroidectomy tissue. The associations of TC with the independent variables were determined by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis and reported as adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI. A total of 248 malignant nodules were found in 233 patients. There was an association of TC with both increased serum TgAb concentration and age<45 years. An elevated serum TgAb concentration was found in 10.2% of patients (182 of 1790) with benign nodules as compared with 20.6% of patients (48 of 233) with malignant nodules (P≤0.0001). TgAb (OR=2.24: CI=1.57, 3.19) and TSH ≥1 μIU/ml (OR (95% CI)) OR: 1.49 (1.09, 2.03) were significant predictors of TC in multivariate analysis controlling for age and gender. TC was not associated with serum concentrations of TPOAb. In patients with TN, elevated serum concentration of TgAb and TSH ≥1 μIU/ml are independent predictors for TC. The association between HT and TC is antibody specific.
authors.affiliation: Wilmington Endocrinology1717 Shipyard Boulevard, Suite 220, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, USAWilmington Pathology Associates1915 South 17th Street, Suite 100, Wilmington, North Carolina 28401, USAChildren's Hospital Colorado13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USACarolina Arthritis1710 South 17th Street, Wilmington, North Carolina 28401, USAUniversity of Connecticut Health Center263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA azizi@wilmingtonendo.com.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Azizi
authors.affiliation: Wilmington Endocrinology1717 Shipyard Boulevard, Suite 220, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, USAWilmington Pathology Associates1915 South 17th Street, Suite 100, Wilmington, North Carolina 28401, USAChildren's Hospital Colorado13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USACarolina Arthritis1710 South 17th Street, Wilmington, North Carolina 28401, USAUniversity of Connecticut Health Center263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.affiliation: Wilmington Endocrinology1717 Shipyard Boulevard, Suite 220, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, USAWilmington Pathology Associates1915 South 17th Street, Suite 100, Wilmington, North Carolina 28401, USAChildren's Hospital Colorado13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USACarolina Arthritis1710 South 17th Street, Wilmington, North Carolina 28401, USAUniversity of Connecticut Health Center263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Wilmington Endocrinology1717 Shipyard Boulevard, Suite 220, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, USAWilmington Pathology Associates1915 South 17th Street, Suite 100, Wilmington, North Carolina 28401, USAChildren's Hospital Colorado13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USACarolina Arthritis1710 South 17th Street, Wilmington, North Carolina 28401, USAUniversity of Connecticut Health Center263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Piper
authors.affiliation: Wilmington Endocrinology1717 Shipyard Boulevard, Suite 220, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, USAWilmington Pathology Associates1915 South 17th Street, Suite 100, Wilmington, North Carolina 28401, USAChildren's Hospital Colorado13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USACarolina Arthritis1710 South 17th Street, Wilmington, North Carolina 28401, USAUniversity of Connecticut Health Center263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Puett
authors.affiliation: Wilmington Endocrinology1717 Shipyard Boulevard, Suite 220, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, USAWilmington Pathology Associates1915 South 17th Street, Suite 100, Wilmington, North Carolina 28401, USAChildren's Hospital Colorado13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USACarolina Arthritis1710 South 17th Street, Wilmington, North Carolina 28401, USAUniversity of Connecticut Health Center263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Rivenbark
authors.affiliation: Wilmington Endocrinology1717 Shipyard Boulevard, Suite 220, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, USAWilmington Pathology Associates1915 South 17th Street, Suite 100, Wilmington, North Carolina 28401, USAChildren's Hospital Colorado13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USACarolina Arthritis1710 South 17th Street, Wilmington, North Carolina 28401, USAUniversity of Connecticut Health Center263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA.
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Malchoff
mesh_terms: D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D050031:Hashimoto Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013954:Thyroglobulin / Q000378:metabolism; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D013965:Thyroidectomy; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; C006606:anti-thyroglobulin; D013954:Thyroglobulin; D013974:Thyroxine
keywords: FNAB; Hashimoto's thyroiditis; TgAb; thyroid cancer; thyroid nodule