title: The Mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination: a new assessment tool for dementia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We developed and validated the Mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (M-ACE) in dementia patients. Comparisons were also made with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE).
  
  
  METHODS
  The M-ACE was developed using Mokken scaling analysis in 117 dementia patients [behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), n = 25; primary progressive aphasia (PPA), n = 49; Alzheimer's disease (AD), n = 34; corticobasal syndrome (CBS), n = 9] and validated in an independent sample of 164 dementia patients (bvFTD, n = 23; PPA, n = 82; AD, n = 38; CBS, n = 21) and 78 controls, who also completed the MMSE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The M-ACE consists of 5 items with a maximum score of 30. Two cut-offs were identified: (1) ≤25/30 has both high sensitivity and specificity, and (2) ≤21/30 is almost certainly a score to have come from a dementia patient regardless of the clinical setting. The M-ACE is more sensitive than the MMSE and is less likely to have ceiling effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The M-ACE is a brief and sensitive cognitive screening tool for dementia. Two cut-offs (25 or 21) are recommended.
authors.affiliation: Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, N.S.W., Australia.
authors.forename: Sharpley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McGrory
authors.forename: Felicity
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Leslie
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: Samrah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Chris R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Rowe
authors.forename: Eneida
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mioshi
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hodges
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003704:Dementia / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity