title: Scavenging effect of Trolox released from brushite cements.
abstract: In this study a brushite cement was doped with the chain-breaking antioxidant Trolox. The effect of the antioxidant on the physical properties of the cement was evaluated and the release of Trolox was monitored by UV spectroscopy. The ability of the Trolox set free to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) released by macrophages was determined in vitro using a luminol-amplified chemiluminescence assay. Trolox did not modify the crystalline phases of the set cement, which mainly formed crystalline brushite after 7 days in humid conditions. The setting time, compressive strength and morphology of the cement also remained unaltered after the addition of the antioxidant. Trolox was slowly released from the cement following a non-Fickian transport mechanism and nearly 64% of the total amount was released after 3 days. Moreover, the capacity of Trolox to scavenge the ROS released by macrophages increased in a dose-dependent manner. Trolox-loaded cements are expected to reduce some of the first harmful effects of acute inflammation and can thus potentially protect the surrounding tissue during implantation of these as well as other materials used in conjunction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mestres
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Carlos F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, BMC, Uppsala University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Engman
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden. Electronic address: marjam.ott@angstrom.uu.se.
authors.forename: Marjam Karlsson
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ott
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002839:Chromans / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D004058:Diffusion; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001843:Bone Cements; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002839:Chromans; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; C494366:calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate; C010643:6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid
keywords: Antioxidant; Brushite cement; Drug release; Macrophages; Trolox