title: Calcium signaling in pancreatic β-cells in health and in Type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Changes in cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]c) play a crucial role in the control of insulin secretion from the electrically excitable pancreatic β-cell. Secretion is controlled by the finely tuned balance between Ca(2+) influx (mainly through voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels, but also through voltage-independent Ca(2+) channels like store-operated channels) and efflux pathways. Changes in [Ca(2+)]c directly affect [Ca(2+)] in various organelles including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, the Golgi apparatus, secretory granules and lysosomes, as imaged using recombinant targeted probes. Because most of these organelles have specific Ca(2+) influx and efflux pathways, they mutually influence free [Ca(2+)] in the others. In this article, we review the mechanisms of control of [Ca(2+)] in various compartments and particularly the cytosol, the endoplasmic reticulum ([Ca(2+)]ER), acidic stores and mitochondrial matrix ([Ca(2+)]mito), focusing chiefly on the most important physiological stimulus of β-cells, glucose. We also briefly review some alterations of β-cell Ca(2+) homeostasis in Type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Pole d'endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: Patrick.gilon@uclouvain.be.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gilon
authors.affiliation: Pole d'endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Hee-Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.affiliation: Section of Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W13 0NN, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Guy A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Rutter
authors.affiliation: CNRS UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France; INSERM U661, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Universités de Montpellier 1 et 2, Montpellier, France. Electronic address: magalie.ravier@igf.cnrs.fr.
authors.forename: Magalie A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ravier
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000235:genetics*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007515:Islets of Langerhans
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D005947:Glucose; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Calcium signaling; Diabetes; β-Cells