title: Interferon response and respiratory virus control are preserved in bronchial epithelial cells in asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Some investigators find a deficiency in IFN production from airway epithelial cells infected with human rhinovirus in asthma, but whether this abnormality occurs with other respiratory viruses is uncertain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of influenza A virus (IAV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection on IFN production and viral level in human bronchial epithelial cells (hBECs) from subjects with and without asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary-culture hBECs from subjects with mild to severe asthma (n = 11) and controls without asthma (hBECs; n = 7) were infected with live or ultraviolet-inactivated IAV (WS/33 strain), RSV (Long strain), or RSV (A/2001/2-20 strain) with multiplicity of infection 0.01 to 1. Levels of virus along with IFN-β and IFN-λ and IFN-stimulated gene expression (tracked by 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 and myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance 1 mRNA) were determined up to 72 hours postinoculation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After IAV infection, viral levels were increased 2-fold in hBECs from asthmatic subjects compared with nonasthmatic control subjects (P < .05) and this increase occurred in concert with increased IFN-λ1 levels and no significant difference in IFNB1, 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1, or myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance 1mRNA levels. After RSV infections, viral levels were not significantly increased in hBECs from asthmatic versus nonasthmatic subjects and the only significant difference between groups was a decrease in IFN-λ levels (P < .05) that correlated with a decrease in viral titer. All these differences were found only at isolated time points and were not sustained throughout the 72-hour infection period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that IAV and RSV control and IFN response to these viruses in airway epithelial cells is remarkably similar between subjects with and without asthma.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo.
authors.forename: Dhara A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo.
authors.forename: Yingjian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo.
authors.forename: Guangming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo.
authors.forename: Derek E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Byers
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo.
authors.forename: Hyun Jik
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo.
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Agapov
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Hospitals, Atlanta, Ga.
authors.forename: Martin L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn.
authors.forename: R Stokes
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Peebles
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo.
authors.forename: Kaharu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sumino
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shifren
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo.
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Brody
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo. Electronic address: holtzmanm@wustl.edu.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Holtzman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D001980:Bronchi / Q000166:cytology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000235:genetics; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D007372:Interferons / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012367:RNA, Viral; D007372:Interferons
keywords: Asthma; IFN; influenza A virus; primary-culture airway epithelial cells; respiratory syncytial virus