title: [Experiences of bullying in medical residents].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Harassment and abuse are forms of persistent intimidating behavior against a person and in medical practice those are accepted and justified at all levels of education and are considered specific to the hospital culture.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify the frequency of harassment and some factors related to its existence on residents of medical specialties in Mexico City.
  
  
  METHODS
  A linear study was carried out in which a total of 260 interns pertaining to the following medical specialties: surgery, internal medicine, gynecology and obstetrics, and pediatrics participated. The study took place in three general hospitals in Mexico City. Two evaluations with Leymann Inventory of Psychological-Terrorization (LIPT-60) with 6 months between assessments were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparison between the first and second evaluations did not show differences in any of the harassment measurements obtained. Of all residents, 265 (98.5%) claimed to have experienced some type of harassing behavior against them at least once during the previous 6 months, with a 1.4 (±0.5) average intensity, showing no difference between men and women. Women received a higher grade than men on the communication block scale. Harassing behaviors that obtained the highest average values were evident intimidation and occupational discredit. Among all harassment measurements, the specialty of gynecology and obstetrics showed the highest grade. The hospital influenced the reported harassment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most common harassing behaviors were occupational discredit, verbal threats, shouting, and mockery. The high frequency of harassment that medical residents experience during their hospital training deserves our attention.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ortiz-León
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Aurora Leonila
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Jaimes-Medrano
authors.affiliation: Coordinación en Desarrollo Educativo. División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico DF, Mexico. dra_silviaortiz@yahoo.com.mx.
authors.forename: Silvia Aracely
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Tafoya-Ramos
authors.affiliation: Coordinación en Desarrollo Educativo. División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: María Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Mujica-Amaya
authors.affiliation: Subcomités Académicos de la División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Víctor Hugo
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Olmedo-Canchola
authors.affiliation: División de Posgrado, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Carrasco-Rojas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D058445:Bullying; D003144:Communication Barriers; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education; D006176:Gynecology / Q000193:education; D006769:Hospitals, General / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006786:Hospitals, Urban / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007388:Internal Medicine / Q000193:education; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D009774:Obstetrics / Q000193:education; D015279:Organizational Culture; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education; D010564:Personnel, Hospital / Q000523:psychology*; D011581:Psychological Tests; D017406:Sexual Harassment; D012919:Social Behavior; D012930:Social Dominance; D014705:Verbal Behavior; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bullying; especialidades médicas; harassment; hostigamiento; maltrato; medical residency; medical specialties; médicos residentes