title: Theoretical basis, laboratory evidence, and clinical research of chemical surgery of the cornea: cross-linking.
abstract: Corneal cross-linking (CXL) is increasingly performed in ophthalmology with high success rates for progressive keratoconus and other types of ectasia. Despite being an established procedure, some molecular and clinical aspects still require additional studies. This review presents a critical analysis of some established topics and others that are still controversial. In addition, this review examines new technologies and techniques (transepithelial and ultrafast CXL), uses of corneal CXL including natural products and biomolecules as CXL promoters, and evidence for in vitro and in vivo indirect effectiveness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Amanda C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: da Paz
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil ; Department of Health Informatics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04023-062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrícia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Bersanetti
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Olhos Renato Ambrósio, 20520-050 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcella Q
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Salomão
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil ; Instituto de Olhos Renato Ambrósio, 20520-050 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ambrósio
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schor