title: Respiratory tract clinical sample selection for microbiota analysis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Changes in respiratory tract microbiota have been associated with diseases such as tuberculosis, a global public health problem that affects millions of people each year. This pilot study was carried out using sputum, oropharynx, and nasal respiratory tract samples collected from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and healthy control individuals, in order to compare sample types and their usefulness in assessing changes in bacterial and fungal communities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most V1-V2 16S rRNA gene sequences belonged to the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria, with differences in relative abundances and in specific taxa associated with each sample type. Most fungal ITS1 sequences were classified as Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, but abundances differed for the different samples. Bacterial and fungal community structures in oropharynx and sputum samples were similar to one another, as indicated by several beta diversity analyses, and both differed from nasal samples. The only difference between patient and control microbiota was found in oropharynx samples for both bacteria and fungi. Bacterial diversity was greater in sputum samples, while fungal diversity was greater in nasal samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Respiratory tract microbial communities were similar in terms of the major phyla identified, yet they varied in terms of relative abundances and diversity indexes. Oropharynx communities varied with respect to health status and resembled those in sputum samples, which are collected from tuberculosis patients only due to the difficulty in obtaining sputum from healthy individuals, suggesting that oropharynx samples can be used to analyze community structure alterations associated with tuberculosis.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Genetics & Biotechnology, Corporación CorpoGen, Carrera 5 No. 66A-34, Bogotá, DC 110231, Colombia ; Unidad de Bacteriología y Micobacterias, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín 050034, Colombia ; Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín 050031, Colombia.
authors.forename: Luz Elena
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Botero
authors.affiliation: Molecular Genetics & Biotechnology, Corporación CorpoGen, Carrera 5 No. 66A-34, Bogotá, DC 110231, Colombia.
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Delgado-Serrano
authors.affiliation: Molecular Genetics & Biotechnology, Corporación CorpoGen, Carrera 5 No. 66A-34, Bogotá, DC 110231, Colombia.
authors.forename: Martha Lucía
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cepeda
authors.affiliation: Molecular Genetics & Biotechnology, Corporación CorpoGen, Carrera 5 No. 66A-34, Bogotá, DC 110231, Colombia.
authors.forename: Jose Ricardo
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bustos
authors.affiliation: Molecular Genetics & Biotechnology, Corporación CorpoGen, Carrera 5 No. 66A-34, Bogotá, DC 110231, Colombia.
authors.forename: Juan Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Anzola
authors.affiliation: Molecular Genetics & Biotechnology, Corporación CorpoGen, Carrera 5 No. 66A-34, Bogotá, DC 110231, Colombia.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Del Portillo
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Bacteriología y Micobacterias, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín 050034, Colombia ; Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín 050031, Colombia.
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Robledo
authors.affiliation: Molecular Genetics & Biotechnology, Corporación CorpoGen, Carrera 5 No. 66A-34, Bogotá, DC 110231, Colombia.
authors.forename: María Mercedes
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Zambrano
keywords: 16S rRNA; ITS1; Microbial diversity; Microbiota; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Pulmonary tuberculosis; Respiratory tract