title: Systemic lupus erythematosus cardiomyopathy—a case series demonstrating a reversible form of left ventricular dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Myocarditis is reported to be a common postmortem finding of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, most case reports on SLE cardiomyopathy (CM) have not found evidence of myocarditis upon biopsy. Our aim was to characterize the nature, course, and reversibility of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in patients with SLE.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 526 SLE patients were reviewed. Patients were included if: (1) at least 4 of 11 American College of Rheumatology criteria for SLE were met, (2) testing for erythrocyte sedimentation rate and hs-CRP were performed during hospitalization, and (3) echocardiogram demonstrated left ventricular ejection function (LVEF) <50%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 14 patients meeting study criteria. Mean LVEF was 33.1 ± 9% upon presentation. The main echocardiographic pattern observed was generalized hypokinesis. Twelve patients demonstrated reversal of cardiomyopathy within 1 week, showing a mean improvement in LVEF of 21.0 ± 7%. Of these, 2 patients underwent coronary angiography demonstrating no evidence of obstructive coronary disease, and 1 underwent cardiac biopsy with no evidence of myocarditis. Four patients (29%) demonstrated improvement within 3 days. Two of the 14 patients died due to their underlying medical illness and did not have a repeat echocardiogram.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pattern of wall-motion abnormalities and reversibility demonstrated in the majority of these patients with SLE suggests an etiology more consistent with stress cardiomyopathy rather than myocarditis.
authors.forename: Mariko L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ishimori
authors.forename: Megha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beigel
authors.forename: Rita K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Nazanin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Firooz
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Weisman
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Siegel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*