title: Maximal immune response and cross protection by influenza virus nucleoprotein derived from E. coli using an optimized formulation.
abstract: The highly conserved internal nucleoprotein (NP) is a promising antigen to develop a universal influenza A virus vaccine. In this study, mice were injected intramuscularly with Escherichia coli-derived NP protein alone or in combination with adjuvant alum (Al(OH)3), CpG or both. The results showed that the NP protein formulated with adjuvant was effective in inducing a protective immune response. Additionally, the adjuvant efficacy of Al(OH)3 was stronger than that of CpG. Optimal immune responses were observed in BALB/c mice immunized with a combination of NP protein plus Al(OH)3 and CpG. These mice also showed maximal resistance following challenge with influenza A virus PR8 strain. Most importantly, 10 µg NP formulated with Al(OH)3 and CpG induced higher protection than did 90 µg NP. These findings indicated that a combination of Al(OH)3 and CpG may be an efficient adjuvant in the NP formulation.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Viral Disease Control & Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), 155# Chang Bai Road, Chang Ping District, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Wenling
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Viral Disease Control & Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), 155# Chang Bai Road, Chang Ping District, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Baoying
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Viral Disease Control & Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), 155# Chang Bai Road, Chang Ping District, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Viral Disease Control & Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), 155# Chang Bai Road, Chang Ping District, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Xiuping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Viral Disease Control & Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), 155# Chang Bai Road, Chang Ping District, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Xiangrong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Viral Disease Control & Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), 155# Chang Bai Road, Chang Ping District, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Wenjie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Viral Disease Control & Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), 155# Chang Bai Road, Chang Ping District, Beijing 102206, China. Electronic address: ruanlicdc@163.com.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ruan
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009698:Nucleoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D021122:Protein Subunits
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D009698:Nucleoproteins; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D021122:Protein Subunits; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide
keywords: Al(OH)(3); CpG; Influenza A virus; Nucleoprotein; Protective immunity; Protein subunit vaccines