title: Association study of dopamine receptor genes polymorphism with cognitive functions in bipolar I disorder patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the correlation among the polymorphisms of dopamine receptor genes, cognitive function of Bipolar disorder (BD) patients, and BD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of dopamine receptor genes were genotyped using Illumina GoldenGate genotyping assay in 375 patients with bipolar I disorder (BD-I) (patients group) and 475 healthy controls (control group). Cognitive function tests were performed in 158 patients who were clinically stable and 307 healthy controls who were matched with the patients in age, sex, and education.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The allele frequencies of rs3758653 in the promoter region of the DRD4 gene were significantly different between patients group and control group (χ(2)=9.386, Corrected P=0.046). This significant difference was also observed between BD-I patients with psychotic symptoms and healthy controls (χ(2)=9.27, Corrected P=0.049). Patients with BD-I performed significantly worse than healthy controls in all cognitive domains (p<0.01) except TMTA errors and illegal time. Significant interactions between polymorphisms of rs5326 in DRD1 gene and phenotype (affected or unaffected with BD-I) were found in non-perseverative errors (β=3.20 and Corrected P=0.0034) on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). The allele of this SNP denoted the positive effect on the WCST non-perseverative errors in BD-I patients group (β=2.80 and Corrected P=0.017). The genotypic association analyses also supported the findings (F=4.24 and P=0.007), but this effect was not found in controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sample size was relatively small and the SNP coverage was limited, making it very important to be cautious when drawing a conclusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DRD4 gene may play an important role in psychotic symptomatology rather than in unique diagnosis, BD, for example. A genetic association exists between DRD1 gene and impaired cognition in BD.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Laboratory and Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan 4 Road, High Tech Parkm, Chengdu 610041, PR China; National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
authors.forename: Liansheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Brain Hospital, Affilated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 36 Minxin Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou 510370, PR China.
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Brain Hospital, Affilated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 36 Minxin Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou 510370, PR China.
authors.forename: Guohui
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lao
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Laboratory and Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan 4 Road, High Tech Parkm, Chengdu 610041, PR China; National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
authors.forename: Yingcheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Brain Hospital, Affilated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 36 Minxin Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou 510370, PR China.
authors.forename: Lijie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Laboratory and Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan 4 Road, High Tech Parkm, Chengdu 610041, PR China; National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
authors.forename: Jinxue
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Laboratory and Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan 4 Road, High Tech Parkm, Chengdu 610041, PR China; National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhenxing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Laboratory and Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan 4 Road, High Tech Parkm, Chengdu 610041, PR China; National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
authors.forename: Peiyan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Brain Hospital, Affilated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 36 Minxin Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou 510370, PR China.
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Brain Hospital, Affilated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 36 Minxin Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou 510370, PR China.
authors.forename: Zeyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Laboratory and Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan 4 Road, High Tech Parkm, Chengdu 610041, PR China; National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Brain Hospital, Affilated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 36 Minxin Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou 510370, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Laboratory and Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan 4 Road, High Tech Parkm, Chengdu 610041, PR China; College of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China.
authors.forename: Dongtao
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Brain Hospital, Affilated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 36 Minxin Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou 510370, PR China. Electronic address: coolliping@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Laboratory and Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan 4 Road, High Tech Parkm, Chengdu 610041, PR China; National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China. Electronic address: maxiaohong@scu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000341:Affective Disorders, Psychotic / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine / Q000235:genetics*; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1 / Q000235:genetics; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3 / Q000235:genetics; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4 / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C583260:DRD1 protein, human; C581293:DRD2 protein, human; C493593:DRD3 protein, human; C493599:DRD4 protein, human; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4
keywords: Bipolar I disorder; Cognitive function; Dopamine receptor genes