title: [Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urinary bladder. A case report].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is an infrequent lesion.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present the case of a 68-year-old male who arrived at the emergency room with a history of 24-h gross hematuria. Imaging studies show a urinary bladder tumor with a 218 cc volume that during a 20-day period increased to 426 cc. Histopathological images with hematoxylin-eosin show an infiltrating solid mass with uneven borders. It is composed of neoplastic cells with evident nuclei predominance and scant cytoplasm (small cells). Chromogranin immunohistochemical staining shows a diffusely positive cytoplasmic granular pattern on neoplastic cells. High molecular weight cytokeratin staining shows a negative pattern on neoplastic cells along with a positive pattern on reporsurrounding normal urothelium. Tumoral mass is positive for synaptophysin and CD-56 and negative for CK-7 and CK-20. Patient therapy was based on radiation plus chemotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder represents 0.35-0.70% of urinary bladder tumors. Histological and immunohistochemical identification are key elements in the diagnosis. Treatment approach is based on cisplatin-based chemotherapy plus radical cystectomy, except when metastatic disease is present.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urología, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad 25, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México. dr_anel_aragon@terra.com.mx.
authors.forename: Anel Rogelio
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Aragón-Tovar
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Marco Elí
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Pineda-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Radiología e Imagen, Hospital San José-Téc, Salud, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Francisco Edgardo
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Puente-Gallegos
authors.affiliation: Medicina Diagnóstica-Laboratorio de Anatomía Patológica, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zavala-Pompa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D019002:CD56 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D002864:Chromogranins / Q000032:analysis; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006417:Hematuria / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007633:Keratins / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D016708:Synaptophysin / Q000032:analysis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019002:CD56 Antigen; D002864:Chromogranins; C522918:NCAM1 protein, human; C569014:SYP protein, human; D016708:Synaptophysin; D007633:Keratins
keywords: Carcinoma, neuroendocrine, small cell; carcinoma, neuroendocrino, células pequeñas,; urinary bladder; vejiga