title: Antibody responses of swine following infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, M. hyorhinis, M. hyosynoviae and M. flocculare.
abstract: Several mycoplasma species possessing a range of virulence have been described in swine. The most commonly described are Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, Mycoplasma hyosynoviae, and Mycoplasma flocculare. They are ubiquitious in many pig producing areas of the world, and except for M. hyopneumoniae, commercial antibody-based assays are lacking for most of these. Antibody cross-reactivity among these four mycoplasma species is not well characterized. Recently, the use of pen-based oral fluids for herd surveillance is of increasing interest. Thus, this study sought to measure pig antibody responses and the level of cross-reactivity in serum and pen-based oral fluids after challenge with four species of swine mycoplasmas. Four groups of four mycoplasma-free growing pigs were separately inoculated with the different mycoplasma species. Pen-based oral fluids and serum samples were collected weekly until necropsy. Species-specific Tween 20 ELISAs were used to measure antibody responses along with four other commercial M. hyopneumoniae ELISAs. Animals from all groups seroconverted to the challenge species of mycoplasma and no evidence of cross-contamination was observed. A delayed antibody response was seen with all but M. hyorhinis-infected pigs. Cross-reactive IgG responses were detected in M. hyopneumoniae- and M. flocculare-infected animals by the M. hyorhinis Tween 20 ELISA, while sera from M. hyosynoviae and M. flocculare-infected pigs were positive in one commercial assay. In pen-based oral fluids, specific anti-M. hyopneumoniae IgA responses were detected earlier after infection than serum IgG responses. In summary, while some antibody-based assays may have the potential for false positives, evidence of this was observed in the current study.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
authors.forename: João Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gomes Neto
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
authors.forename: Erin L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Strait
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raymond
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States. Electronic address: fcminion@iastate.edu.
authors.forename: F Chris
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Minion
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000276:immunology*; D003429:Cross Reactions / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D009174:Mycoplasma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D045729:Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal / Q000276:immunology*; D011136:Polysorbates; D013045:Species Specificity; D013552:Swine; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D011136:Polysorbates
keywords: ELISA; Oral fluids; Serology; Swine mycoplasmas