title: Single bolus split dynamic MRI: Is the combination of high spatial and dual-echo high temporal resolution interleaved sequences useful in the differential diagnosis of breast masses?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the split dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique in the assessment of breast masses in which high spatial resolution and dual-echo high temporal resolution data are acquired during a single bolus injection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four women with breast masses were examined using split dynamic MRI. Quantitative analysis was performed with pharmacokinetic modeling on T1 -weighted images and estimation of maximum peak change in R2 * images (R2 *-peakenh ). High spatial resolution data were interpreted by two radiologists using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS). Mann-Whitney tests were used to determine the parameters ability for establishing or excluding malignancy. For both readers, diagnostic accuracy, with and without information from the quantitative analysis, was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and evaluated using pairwise comparison of the areas under the ROC curve (Az ) and McNemar tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant parameters for establishing or excluding malignancy were R2 *-peakenh (P < 0.001), plasma volume (P = 0.006), and time-to-peak enhancement (P = 0.003) showing an Az of 0.928 combined. For one out of the two readers, diagnostic accuracy was significantly improved when adding quantitative kinetic analysis to the BI-RADS score (P = 0.017).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High temporal resolution T1 -weighted and R2 * dynamic information combined with BI-RADS interpretations improved the diagnostic performance in differentiating malignant from benign breast masses compared to BI-RADS interpretations alone.
authors.affiliation: Oslo University Hospital, Intervention Centre, Oslo, Norway.|University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Endre
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grøvik
authors.affiliation: Oslo University Hospital, Intervention Centre, Oslo, Norway.|University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Atle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bjørnerud
authors.affiliation: Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Kathinka D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Kurz
authors.affiliation: Østfold Hospital Trust, Fredrikstad, Norway.
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kingsrød
authors.affiliation: Østfold Hospital Trust, Fredrikstad, Norway.
authors.forename: Merete
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sandhaug
authors.affiliation: Oslo University Hospital, Intervention Centre, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Tryggve H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Storås
authors.affiliation: Sunnmøre MR-klinikk, Ålesund, Norway.
authors.forename: Kjell-Inge
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Gjesdal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008536:Meglumine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C064572:gadobenic acid; D008536:Meglumine
keywords: breast; dual-echo; multicontrast; spatial resolution; split dynamic MRI; temporal resolution