title: Differential expression of Livin, caspase-3, and second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pathogenesis of human chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) remains undetermined. Livin is a member of the inhibitor of the apoptosis protein family proteins. Caspase-3 and second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac) are critical in the induction of apoptosis. However, little is known about their roles in CRSwNP. We aimed to investigate the expression and role of Livin, caspase-3, and Smac in CRSwNP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Basic research and descriptive study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  The immunohistochemistry method was employed for detecting Livin, caspase-3, and Smac protein expression, and real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for assaying mRNA expression of Livin, caspase-3, and Smac in CRSwNP and controls. Moreover, the effects of various stimulators on Livin were evaluated on human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) culture. Then, the effects of Livin on caspase-3 and Smac were observed on the culture of HNECs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stronger protein and mRNA expression of Livin was observed in CRSwNP, especially eosinophilic CRSwNP, weaker protein and mRNA expression of caspase-3 and Smac was observed in CRSwNP, and Livin expression was negatively related to caspase-3 or Smac expression, respectively. Livin mRNA was augmented by interleukin (IL)-4, IL-17A, and IL-1β but suppressed by interferon-γ. Caspase-3 and Smac mRNA expression were inhibited by Livin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Upregulation of Livin and downregulation of caspase-3 and Smac were observed in CRSwNP, especially in eosinophilic CRSwNP. Livin may exert its anti-apoptosis effect by suppressing caspase-3 and Smac in CRSwNP. IL-4, IL-17A, and IL-1β may be critical for Livin expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Chemical Engineering, Fuqing Branch of Fujian Normal University, Fuqing, Fujian, China yunfenh@163.com.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
authors.forename: Xisheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiong
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000032:analysis*; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000032:analysis*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C419866:BIRC7 protein, human; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053148:Caspase 3
keywords: Livin; Smac; caspase-3; chronic rhinosinusitis; nasal polyps