title: Diminished humoral responses against and reduced gene expression levels of human endogenous retrovirus-K (HERV-K) in psoriasis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Psoriasis is a multifactorial, chronic disease of skin affecting 2-3% of the world's population. Genetic studies of psoriasis have identified a number of susceptibility genes that are involved in anti-viral immunity. Furthermore, physiological studies have also found an increase in anti-viral proteins in psoriatic skin. These findings suggest the presence of an anti-viral state in psoriatic skin. However, the triggers for this anti-viral cascade and its consequences for host immunity are not known. Endogenous retroviruses have previously been described in many autoimmune diseases including psoriasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study we examined the humoral immune response against human endogenous retrovirus-K (HERV-K) proteins and the cutaneous expression levels of multiple HERV-K genes in psoriasis patients and healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In psoriatic sera we observed a significant decrease in IgM response against three HERV-K proteins: Env surface unit (SU), Env transmembrane protein (TM), and Gag capsid (CA) in comparison to sera obtained from blood bank healthy controls. A decrease in IgG response was also observed against CA. Furthermore, using quantitative RT-PCR we observed a decrease in the expression of HERV-K Env, Gag, Pol and Rec as well as ERV-9 genes in lesional psoriatic skin as compared to healthy skin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Together, our results suggest that the pro-inflammatory, anti-viral state in psoriasis is associated with diminished expression of HERV-K gene transcripts and a concomitant decrease in humoral responses to HERV-K. Our results indicate that a simple model where continuous, minimally changing HERV-K expression serves as an antigenic trigger in psoriasis might not be correct and further studies are needed to decipher the possible relationship between psoriasis and HERVs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of California, 2340 Sutter Street, San Francisco, 94143-0808, CA, USA. GuptaR@derm.ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Rashmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Henri-Alexandre
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Michaud
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Maya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Debbaneh
authors.forename: Sarah T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Arron
authors.forename: R Brad
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Christopher E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Ormsby
authors.forename: Douglas F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Nixon
authors.forename: Wilson
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liao
mesh_terms: D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D020077:Endogenous Retroviruses / Q000235:genetics*; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D006801:Humans; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000235:genetics*; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014764:Viral Proteins