title: Serum phospholipid monounsaturated fatty acid composition and Δ-9-desaturase activity are associated with early alteration of fasting glycemic status.
abstract: Because alterations in blood fatty acid (FA) composition by dietary lipids are associated with insulin resistance and related metabolic disorders, we hypothesized that serum phospholipid FA composition would reflect the early alteration of fasting glycemic status, even in people without metabolic syndrome (MetS). To examine this hypothesis, serum phospholipid FA, desaturase activities, fasting glycemic status, and cardiometabolic parameters were measured in study participants (n = 1022; 30-69 years; male, n = 527; female, n = 495; nondiabetics without disease) who were stratified into normal fasting glucose (NFG) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) groups. Total monounsaturated FA (MUFA), oleic acid (OA; 18:1n-9), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA; 20:3n-6), Δ-9-desaturase activity (D9D; 18:1n-9/18:0), and DGLA/linoleic acid (20:3n-6/18:2n-6) in serum phospholipids were significantly higher in IFG subjects than NFG controls. Study subjects were subdivided into 4 groups, based on fasting glucose levels and MetS status. Palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7) was highest in IFG-MetS and lowest in NFG-non-MetS subjects. Oleic acid and D9D were higher in IFG-MetS than in the other 3 groups. Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid and DGLA/linoleic acid were higher in MetS than in non-MetS, regardless of fasting glucose levels. The high-sensitivity C-reactive proteins (hs-CRPs) and 8-epi-prostaglandin-F2α were higher in IFG than in NFG, regardless of MetS status. Oxidized low-density lipoproteins were higher in IFG-MetS than in the other 3 groups. Total MUFAs, OA, and D9D were positively correlated with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, fasting glucose, triglyceride, hs-CRP, and 8-epi-prostaglandin-F2α. Palmitoleic acid was positively correlated with triglyceride and hs-CRP. Lastly, total MUFA, OA, palmitoleic acid, and D9D were associated with early alteration of fasting glycemic status, therefore suggesting that these may be useful markers for predicting the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary course of Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan, 604-714, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Sun
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Han
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.affiliation: School of Culinary Nutrition, Woosong University, Daejun, 300-718, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary course of Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Nutrition, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan, 604-714, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: oykim@dau.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Oh Yoen
authors.initials: OY
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D015126:8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D005215:Fasting; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000097:blood; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D013230:Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase / Q000097:blood*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D007328:Insulin; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D010743:Phospholipids; D014280:Triglycerides; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; C008757:palmitoleic acid; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D019301:Oleic Acid; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D015237:Dinoprost; D013230:Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase; D015126:8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid
keywords: Cardiometabolic risk; Fasting glycemic status; Human; Monounsaturated fatty acid; Oleic acid; Δ-9-desaturase