title: Interaction between parental environment and genotype affects plant and seed performance in Arabidopsis.
abstract: Seed performance after dispersal is highly dependent on parental environmental cues, especially during seed formation and maturation. Here we examine which environmental factors are the most dominant in this respect and whether their effects are dependent on the genotypes under investigation. We studied the influence of light intensity, photoperiod, temperature, nitrate, and phosphate during seed development on five plant attributes and thirteen seed attributes, using 12 Arabidopsis genotypes that have been reported to be affected in seed traits. As expected, the various environments during seed development resulted in changed plant and/or seed performances. Comparative analysis clearly indicated that, overall, temperature plays the most dominant role in both plant and seed performance, whereas light has a prominent impact on plant traits. In comparison to temperature and light, nitrate mildly affected some of the plant and seed traits while phosphate had even less influence on those traits. Moreover, clear genotype-by-environment interactions were identified. This was shown by the fact that individual genotypes responded differentially to the environmental conditions. Low temperature significantly increased seed dormancy and decreased seed longevity of NILDOG1 and cyp707a1-1, whereas low light intensity increased seed dormancy and decreased seed longevity of NILDOG3 and NILDOG6. This also indicates that different genetic and molecular pathways are involved in the plant and seed responses. By identifying environmental conditions that affect the dormancy vs longevity correlation in the same way as previously identified naturally occurring loci, we have identified selective forces that probably shaped evolution for these important seed traits.
authors.affiliation: Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hanzi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Souza Vidigal
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: L Basten
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Snoek
authors.affiliation: Biometris-Applied Statistics, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands Centre for BioSystems Genomics, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schnabel
authors.affiliation: Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Harm
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nijveen
authors.affiliation: Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Henk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hilhorst
authors.affiliation: Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Utrecht University, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands leonie.bentsink@wur.nl.
authors.forename: Leónie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bentsink
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D004777:Environment; D035264:Flowers / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D005838:Genotype; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D008027:Light; D008353:Mannitol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008954:Models, Biological; D057445:Plant Dormancy / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D019655:Quantitative Trait, Heritable; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D008353:Mannitol; D012965:Sodium Chloride
keywords: Genotypes; light; nitrate; parental environment; phosphate; plant performance; seed performance; temperature.