title: The risks of sleeping "too much". Survey of a National Representative Sample of 24671 adults (INPES health barometer).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A significant U-shaped association between sleep duration and several morbidity (obesity, diabetes or cardiovascular disease) and mortality risks has been regularly reported. However, although the physiological pathways and risks associated with "too short sleep" (<5 hours/day) have been well demonstrated, little is known about "too much sleeping".
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore socio-demographic characteristics and comorbidities of "long sleepers" (over 10 hours/day) from a nationally representative sample of adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional nationally representative sample of 24,671 subjects from 15 to 85-year-old. An estimated total sleep time (TST) on non-leisure days was calculated based on a specifically designed sleep log which allows to distinguish "long sleepers" from "short sleepers" (<5 hours/day). Insomnia was assessed according to the International classification of sleep disorders (ICSD-2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average TST was 7 hours and 13 minutes (+/- 17 minutes). Six hundred and twelve subjects were "long sleepers" (2.7%) and 1969 "short sleepers" (7.5%). Compared to the whole group, "long sleepers" were more often female, younger (15-25 year-old) or older (above 65 year-old), with no academic degree, mostly clerks and blue collar workers. "Long sleepers" were significantly more likely to have psychiatric diseases and a greater body mass index (BMI). However, long sleep was not significantly associated with the presence of any other chronic medical disease assessed. Conversely, short sleep duration was significantly associated with almost all the other chronic diseases assessed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the general population, sleeping too much was associated with psychiatric diseases and higher BMI, but not with other chronic medical diseases.
authors.affiliation: Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Hôtel Dieu, APHP, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; VIFASOM, équipe d'accueil Vigilance Fatigue et Sommeil, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Léger
authors.affiliation: VIFASOM, équipe d'accueil Vigilance Fatigue et Sommeil, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Equipe Cesames (centre de recherche médecine, sciences, santé, santé mentale, société, Université Paris Descartes/CNRS UMR 8211/Inserm U988/EHESS), Cermes 3, Direction des Affaires Scientifiques INPES, Saint Denis, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.affiliation: VIFASOM, équipe d'accueil Vigilance Fatigue et Sommeil, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Equipe Cesames (centre de recherche médecine, sciences, santé, santé mentale, société, Université Paris Descartes/CNRS UMR 8211/Inserm U988/EHESS), Cermes 3, Direction des Affaires Scientifiques INPES, Saint Denis, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Baptiste
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.affiliation: VIFASOM, équipe d'accueil Vigilance Fatigue et Sommeil, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sauvet
authors.affiliation: Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Hôtel Dieu, APHP, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; VIFASOM, équipe d'accueil Vigilance Fatigue et Sommeil, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Brice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Faraut
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D062486:Public Health Surveillance; D012890:Sleep; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult