title: Agent orange herbicides, organophosphate and triazinic pesticides analysis in olive oil and industrial oil mill waste effluents using new organic phase immunosensors.
abstract: New immunosensors working in organic solvent mixtures (OPIEs) for the analysis of traces of different pesticides (triazinic, organophosphates and chlorurates) present in hydrophobic matrices such as olive oil were developed and tested. A Clark electrode was used as transducer and peroxidase enzyme as marker. The competitive process took place in a chloroform-hexane 50% (V/V) mixture, while the subsequent enzymatic final measurement was performed in decane and using tert-butylhydroperoxide as substrate of the enzymatic reaction. A linear response of between about 10nM and 5.0μM was usually obtained in the presence of olive oil. Recovery tests were carried out in commercial or artisanal extra virgin olive oil. Traces of pesticides were also checked in the oily matrix, in pomace and mill wastewaters from an industrial oil mill. Immunosensors show good selectivity and satisfactory precision and recovery tests performed in olive oil gave excellent results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martini
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Merola
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomassetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Campanella
mesh_terms: D015085:2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000032:analysis*; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000032:analysis*; D000075182:Agent Orange; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods; D003678:Defoliants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis; D007118:Immunoassay; D007219:Industrial Oils / Q000032:analysis*; D000069463:Olive Oil / Q000032:analysis*; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000032:analysis*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000032:analysis*; D014227:Triazines / Q000032:analysis*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid
chemical_list: D003678:Defoliants, Chemical; D006540:Herbicides; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010755:Organophosphates; D010575:Pesticides; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D014227:Triazines; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; D000075182:Agent Orange; D015085:2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
keywords: Analysis; Immunosensors; Mill waste effluents; Olive oil; Organic phase; Organophosphate and chlorurate pesticides; Triazinic