title: Exercise training in hypertension: Role of microRNAs.
abstract: Hypertension is a complex disease that constitutes an important public health problem and demands many studies in order to understand the molecular mechanisms involving his pathophysiology. Therefore, an increasing number of studies have been conducted and new therapies are continually being discovered. In this context, exercise training has emerged as an important non-pharmacological therapy to treat hypertensive patients, minimizing the side effects of pharmacological therapies and frequently contributing to allow pharmacotherapy to be suspended. Several mechanisms have been associated with the pathogenesis of hypertension, such as hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin aldosterone system, impaired endothelial nitric oxide production, increased oxygen-reactive species, vascular thickening and stiffening, cardiac hypertrophy, impaired angiogenesis, and sometimes genetic predisposition. With the advent of microRNAs (miRNAs), new insights have been added to the perspectives for the treatment of this disease, and exercise training has been shown to be able to modulate the miRNAs associated with it. Elucidation of the relationship between exercise training and miRNAs in the pathogenesis of hypertension is fundamental in order to understand how exercise modulates the cardiovascular system at genetic level. This can be promising even for the development of new drugs. This article is a review of how exercise training acts on hypertension by means of specific miRNAs in the heart, vascular system, and skeletal muscle.
authors.affiliation: Vander José das Neves, Tiago Fernandes, Fernanda Roberta Roque, Ursula Paula Renó Soci, Stéphano Freitas Soares Melo, Edilamar Menezes de Oliveira, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vander José das
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Neves
authors.affiliation: Vander José das Neves, Tiago Fernandes, Fernanda Roberta Roque, Ursula Paula Renó Soci, Stéphano Freitas Soares Melo, Edilamar Menezes de Oliveira, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tiago
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Vander José das Neves, Tiago Fernandes, Fernanda Roberta Roque, Ursula Paula Renó Soci, Stéphano Freitas Soares Melo, Edilamar Menezes de Oliveira, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Roberta
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Roque
authors.affiliation: Vander José das Neves, Tiago Fernandes, Fernanda Roberta Roque, Ursula Paula Renó Soci, Stéphano Freitas Soares Melo, Edilamar Menezes de Oliveira, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ursula Paula Renó
authors.initials: UP
authors.lastname: Soci
authors.affiliation: Vander José das Neves, Tiago Fernandes, Fernanda Roberta Roque, Ursula Paula Renó Soci, Stéphano Freitas Soares Melo, Edilamar Menezes de Oliveira, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Stéphano Freitas Soares
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: Vander José das Neves, Tiago Fernandes, Fernanda Roberta Roque, Ursula Paula Renó Soci, Stéphano Freitas Soares Melo, Edilamar Menezes de Oliveira, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edilamar Menezes
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
keywords: Angiogenesis; Exercise training; Heart; Hypertension; Macrocirculation; MicroRNA; Microcirculation; Muscles; Vascular system