title: Histological and histochemical effects of Gly-phosate on testicular tissue and function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study we aimed to evaluate the impact of chronic exposure to the Gly-phosate (GP) on rat's testicular tissue and sperm parameters.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Testicular tissue, morphology of sperms and testosterone level in serum of mature male rats were analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animals were divided into two test and control-sham groups. The test group was subdivided into 4 groups (10, 20, 30 and 40 days GP administrated). Each test group (n=8) received the compound at dose of 125 mg/kg, once a day, orally for 40 days while control-sham group (n=16) received the corn oil (0.2 ml/day).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microscopic analyses revealed increased thickness of tunica albuginea, obvious edema in sub-capsular and interstitial connective tissue, atrophied seminiferous tubules, arrested spermatogenesis, negative tubular differentiation and repopulation indexes, decreased Leydig cells/mm(2) of interstitial tissue, hypertrophy and cytoplasmic granulation of Leydig cells, elevated death, immature sperm and increased immotile and abnormal sperm percentage. The carbohydrate ratio was reduced in first three layers of the germinal epithelium (GE) cytoplasm. The upper layers of the GE series were manifested with low rate of lipid accumulation in cytoplasm, while the cells which were located in first layers were revealed with higher amount of lipid foci. Hematological investigations showed significant (p<0.05) decreasing of testosterone level in serum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current data provide inclusive histological feature of chronic exposure against GP with emphasizing on reproductive disorders including histological adverse effect on the testicular tissue, spermatogenesis, sperm viability and abnormality which potentially can cause infertility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Mazdak
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Razi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Golamreza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Najafi
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Sajad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Feyzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Simineh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shahmohamadloo
authors.affiliation: Departemt of Biology Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Vahid
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nejati
keywords: Abnormal sperm; Carbohydrate accumulation; Gly-phosate; Lipid foci; Spermatogenesis; Testis; Testosterone