title: Can a four-session biofeedback regimen be used effectively for treating children with dysfunctional voiding?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the outcomes of the open-ended six to ten sessions of biofeedback against a novel regime of four sessions of biofeedback to treat children with dysfunctional voiding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients from two centers using different methods were retrospectively analyzed. Group 1 comprised 20 patients treated with four sessions of biofeedback. Group 2 comprised 20 patients treated with six to ten sessions of biofeedback. Each group was evaluated with subjective and objective parameters pre-treatment, immediately post-treatment and 6 months post-treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients in Group 1 were treated with four sessions of biofeedback and in Group 2 the mean number of sessions was 7.35±1.30 (range 6-10). Normalized voiding flow curves after treatment were determined in 18 patients in Group 1 (90%) and 19 patients in Group 2 (95%) (p=0.553). There were seven patients (35%) in Group 1 and eight patients (40%) in Group 2 with reflux. When units were compared, there were 11 units (4 bilateral) in Group 1 and 13 units (5 bilateral) in Group 2 with reflux (p=0.747). At 6 months post-treatment, in Group 1, seven had resolved (63.6%), three had improved (27.2%) and one persisted (9.01%). In Group 2, ten had resolved (76.9%) and three had improved (23.1%) (p=0.553).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biofeedback therapy is one of the most widely used techniques in dysfunctional voiding in children. The regime of use has not been well defined, and the results of this study showed that a regime of four sessions of biofeedback therapy may be as safe and effective as the previously defined open-ended six to ten sessions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ministry of Health, Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey, cansener14@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nevzat Can
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Sener
authors.forename: Adem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Altunkol
authors.forename: Umut
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Unal
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ercil
authors.forename: Okan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bas
authors.forename: Kemal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gumus
authors.forename: Halil
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ciftci
authors.forename: Ercan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yeni
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014563:Urodynamics; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*