title: Too big to be noticed: cryptic invasion of Asian camel crickets in North American houses.
abstract: Despite the rapid expansion of the built environment, we know little about the biology of species living in human-constructed habitats. Camel crickets (Rhaphidophoridae) are commonly observed in North American houses and include a range of native taxa as well as the Asian Diestrammena asynamora (Adelung), a species occasionally reported from houses though considered to be established only in greenhouses. We launched a continental-scale citizen science campaign to better understand the relative distributions and frequency of native and nonnative camel crickets in human homes across North America. Participants contributed survey data about the presence or absence of camel crickets in homes, as well as photographs and specimens of camel crickets allowing us to identify the major genera and/or species in and around houses. Together, these data offer insight into the geographical distribution of camel crickets as a presence in homes, as well as the relative frequency and distribution of native and nonnative camel crickets encountered in houses. In so doing, we show that the exotic Diestrammena asynamora not only has become a common presence in eastern houses, but is found in these environments far more frequently than native camel crickets. Supplemental pitfall trapping along transects in 10 urban yards in Raleigh, NC revealed that D. asynamora can be extremely abundant locally around some homes, with as many as 52 individuals collected from pitfalls in a single yard over two days of sampling. The number of D. asynamora individuals present in a trap was negatively correlated with the trap's distance from a house, suggesting that these insects may be preferentially associated with houses but also are present outside. In addition, we report the establishment in the northeastern United States of a second exotic species, putatively Diestrammena japanica Blatchley, which was previously undocumented in the literature. Our results offer new insight into the relative frequency and distribution of camel crickets living in human homes, and emphasize the importance of the built environment as habitat for two little-known invading species of Orthoptera.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC , USA.
authors.forename: Mary Jane
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Epps
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC , USA.
authors.forename: Holly L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Menninger
authors.affiliation: Enloe High School , Raleigh, NC , USA.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: LaSala
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC , USA.
authors.forename: Robert R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Dunn
keywords: Citizen science; Diestrammena; Invasive species; Rhaphidophoridae; Urban ecology