title: Who is afraid of smoking bans? An evaluation of the effects of the Spanish clean air law on expenditure at hospitality venues.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In January 2011 Spain modified clean air legislation in force since 2006, removing all existing exceptions applicable to hospitality venues. Although this legal reform was backed by all political parties with parliamentary representation, the government's initiative was contested by the tobacco industry and its allies in the hospitality industry. One of the most voiced arguments against the reform was its potentially disruptive effect on the revenue of hospitality venues. This paper evaluates the impact of this reform on household expenditure at restaurants and bars and cafeterias.
  We used household expenditure micro-data for years 2006-2012 to estimate models for the probability of observing expenditures and the expected level of expenditure. We applied a before-after analysis with a wide range of controls for confounding factors and a flexible modeling of time effects in order to identify the effects of the reform.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results suggest that the reform caused a 2% reduction in the proportion of households containing smokers but did not cause reductions in households' expenditures on restaurant services or on bars and cafeteria services.
authors.affiliation: Departament d' Economia i Empresa, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Ramon Trias Fargas, 25-27, 08005, Barcelona, Spain.|Centre de Recerca en Economia i Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Ramon Trias Fargas, 25-27, 08005, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jaume
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: García-Villar
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Economía, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, C/Real 3, 30201, Cartagena, Spain. angel.lopez@upct.es.|Centre de Recerca en Economia i Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Ramon Trias Fargas, 25-27, 08005, Barcelona, Spain. angel.lopez@upct.es.
authors.forename: Ángel
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: López-Nicolás
mesh_terms: D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D006801:Humans; D011640:Public Policy; D012147:Restaurants / Q000191:economics*; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
keywords: Hospitality venue; Household expenditure; Policy evaluation; Smoking ban