title: Delineating the anti-cytotoxic and anti-genotoxic potentials of catechin hydrate against cadmium toxicity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
abstract: Catechins (flavan-3-ol) are a type of natural phenol and well-studied antioxidants. Catechin hydrate, also known as taxifolin; is non-mutagenic, low in toxicity compared to other immunomodulator antioxidants. We aimed to determine the potential of catechin hydrate to prevent the cyto-genotoxic effects of cadmium in lymphocytes; demonstrate the immuno-protective activity of catechin hydrate. Our previous study indicated that cadmium is apoptogenic. Lymphocytes were treated with catechin hydrate or cadmium and catechine hydrate combinations (range 0.1-100μM) to determine their effects on cell viability. Lymphocytes treated with 100μM catechin hydrate and 100μM cadmium showed cell viability 70.65±6.92% and 5.69±2.27%, respectively. In our previous study cadmium (10 and 20μM) induced apoptosis in 31.8% and 44.4% of lymphocytes, respectively. However, the percentage of apoptotic cells after treatment with the combination of cadmium and catechin hydrate was not significantly different from that of catechin hydrate (P>0.05). Only 7.3% and 10.5% of the lymphocytes were apoptotic after treatment with 10μM cadmium+10μM catechin hydrate and 20μM cadmium+20μM catechin hydrate, respectively. The anti-geno-cytotoxic and immuno-protective potential of catechin hydrate was also demonstrated by the non-significant expression of apoptosis-related genes after treatment with catechin hydrate.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cancer Biology Research Lab (MCBRL), Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: alialshatwi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ali A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Alshatwi
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cancer Biology Research Lab (MCBRL), Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Tarique N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cancer Biology Research Lab (MCBRL), Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ali M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Alqahtani
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cancer Biology Research Lab (MCBRL), Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Naveed A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Syed
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cancer Biology Research Lab (MCBRL), Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Gowhar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shafi
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cancer Biology Research Lab (MCBRL), Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdullah H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Al-Assaf
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cancer Biology Research Lab (MCBRL), Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdulrahmann S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Al-Khalifa
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D002392:Catechin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D020011:Protective Agents; D002104:Cadmium; D002392:Catechin
keywords: Anti-cytotoxic; Anti-genotoxic; Cadmium; Catechin; Human lymphocytes