title: Bladder and bowel symptoms among adults presenting with low back pain to an academic chiropractic clinic: results of a preliminary study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purposes of this study were to estimate the 1-month point prevalence of bowel and bladder symptoms (BBS) among adult chiropractic patients and to evaluate associations between these symptoms and low back pain (LBP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients 18 years or older presenting to a chiropractic college academic health clinic between March 25 and April 25, 2013, were asked to complete a symptom screening questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, binary logistic regression, Fisher exact test, and P values were calculated from the sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample included 140 of 1300 patients who visited the clinic during the survey period (11%). Mean age was 47.5 (range 18-79) years. LBP was the primary chief complaint in 42%. The 1-month point prevalence of any bladder symptoms was 75%, while the rate for bowel symptoms was 62%; 55% reported both BBS. Binary logistic regression analyses showed no statistically significant association between a chief complaint of LBP and combined BBS (OR = 1.67, P = .164).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of bowel and bladder symptoms in chiropractic patients was high. There was no statistically significant association between these symptoms and LBP in this group of patients seeking care for LBP.
authors.affiliation: Research Assistant, Objective Network Enterprises (ONE), Bettendorf, IA.
authors.forename: Anna L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Walden
authors.affiliation: Clinical Project Manager, Palmer Center for Chiropractic Research, Bettendorf, IA.
authors.forename: Stacie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Salsbury
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Palmer Center for Chiropractic Research, Bettendorf, IA.
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.affiliation: Senior Director Center for Teaching and Learning, Palmer College of Chiropractic, Bettendorf, IA.
authors.forename: Dana J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lawrence
keywords: Bladder dysfunction; Bowel dysfunction; Chiropractic; Incontinence; Low back pain; Prevalence