title: Spinal manipulation and home exercise with advice for subacute and chronic back-related leg pain: a trial with adaptive allocation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Back-related leg pain (BRLP) is often disabling and costly, and there is a paucity of research to guide its management.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) plus home exercise and advice (HEA) compared with HEA alone reduces leg pain in the short and long term in adults with BRLP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled pragmatic trial with allocation by minimization conducted from 2007 to 2011. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00494065).
  
  
  METHODS
  2 research centers (Minnesota and Iowa).
  
  
  METHODS
  Persons aged 21 years or older with BRLP for least 4 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  12 weeks of SMT plus HEA or HEA alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome was patient-rated BRLP at 12 and 52 weeks. Secondary outcomes were self-reported low back pain, disability, global improvement, satisfaction, medication use, and general health status at 12 and 52 weeks. Blinded objective tests were done at 12 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 192 enrolled patients, 191 (99%) provided follow-up data at 12 weeks and 179 (93%) at 52 weeks. For leg pain, SMT plus HEA had a clinically important advantage over HEA (difference, 10 percentage points [95% CI, 2 to 19]; P=0.008) at 12 weeks but not at 52 weeks (difference, 7 percentage points [CI, -2 to 15]; P=0.146). Nearly all secondary outcomes improved more with SMT plus HEA at 12 weeks, but only global improvement, satisfaction, and medication use had sustained improvements at 52 weeks. No serious treatment-related adverse events or deaths occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients and providers could not be blinded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For patients with BRLP, SMT plus HEA was more effective than HEA alone after 12 weeks, but the benefit was sustained only for some secondary outcomes at 52 weeks.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
authors.forename: Gert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bronfort
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hondras
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: Roni L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Cynthia R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grimm
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D020393:Manipulation, Spinal; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D016896:Treatment Outcome