title: Colour cues facilitate learning flower refill schedules in wild hummingbirds.
abstract: Free-living hummingbirds can learn the refill schedules of individual experimental flowers but little is known about what information they use to do this. Colour cues, in particular, may be important to hummingbirds when learning about rewarded flower properties. We investigated, therefore, whether colour cues facilitated the learning of flower refill schedules in wild, free-living rufous hummingbirds (Selasphorus rufus). In the Cued condition, we presented birds with an array of six flowers, three of one colour, each of which were refilled 10min after being emptied by the bird and three of a different colour, which were refilled 20min after being emptied. In the Uncued condition we presented birds with six flowers of the same colour, three of which were refilled after 10min and three of which were refilled after 20min as for the birds in the Cued condition. In the second part of the experiment, we moved the array 2m and changed the shape of the array. Across both phases, birds in the Cued condition learned to discriminate between 10 and 20-min flowers more quickly than did the birds in the Uncued condition. The Cued birds were also better at discriminating between the two distinct refill intervals. Colour cues can, therefore, facilitate learning the refill schedules of experimental flowers in these birds. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cognition in the wild.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St. Andrews, St. Mary's College, South Street, St. Andrews KY16 9JP, UK. Electronic address: michaelsamuels001@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samuels
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada.
authors.forename: T Andrew
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Hurly
authors.affiliation: School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9TH, UK.
authors.forename: Susan D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Healy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds; D003118:Color Perception; D003463:Cues; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D013998:Time Perception
keywords: Colour; Cue use; Timing; Wild hummingbirds