title: Men who have sex with men in Mozambique: identifying a hidden population at high-risk for HIV.
abstract: The population of men who have sex with men (MSM) has been largely ignored in HIV-related policies and programming in Mozambique and there is little information about the contribution of MSM to the HIV epidemic. An integrated biological and behavioral study among MSM using respondent-driven sampling was conducted in 2011 in Maputo, Beira and Nampula/Nacala. Men who reported engaging in oral or anal sex with other men in the last 12 months answered a questionnaire and provided a blood sample for HIV testing. The prevalence of HIV was 8.2 % (Maputo, n = 496), 9.1 % (Beira, n = 584) and 3.1 % (Nampula/Nacala, n = 353). Prevalence was higher among MSM ≥ 25 vs. 18-24 years: 33.8 % vs. 2.4 % (p < 0.001), 32.1 vs. 2.8 % (p < 0.001), and 10.3 vs. 2.7 % (p < 0.06), in each city respectively. The difference in prevalence demonstrates the need to increase prevention for younger MSM at risk for HIV and ensure care and treatment for older HIV-infected MSM.
authors.affiliation: Ministério da Saúde, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Av. Eduardo Mondlane/Salvador Allende nº1008, Maputo, Mozambique, Rassuln@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Rassul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nalá
authors.forename: Beverley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Horth
authors.forename: Celso
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Inguane
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benedetti
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chissano
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sathane
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Danilo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Joy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mirjahangir
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grasso
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fisher Raymond
authors.forename: Willi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: McFarland
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lane
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009073:Mozambique / Q000453:epidemiology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D035862:Vulnerable Populations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult