title: Comparison of two field methods for estimating body fat in different spanish dance disciplines.
abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate percentage body fat (%BF) differences in three Spanish dance disciplines and to compare skinfold and bioelectrical impedance predictions of body fat percentage in the same sample. Seventy-six female dancers, divided into three groups, Classical (n=23), Spanish (n=29) and Flamenco (n=24), were measured using skinfold measurements at four sites: triceps, subscapular, biceps and iliac crest, and whole body multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance (BIA). The skinfold measures were used to predict body fat percentage via Durnin and Womersley's and Segal, Sun and Yannakoulia equations by BIA. Differences in percent fat mass between groups (Classical, Spanish and Flamenco) were tested by using repeated measures analysis (ANOVA). Also, Pearson's product-moment correlations were performed on the body fat percentage values obtained using both methods. In addition, Bland-Altman plots were used to assess agreement, between anthropometric and BIA methods. Repeated measures analysis of variance did not found differences in %BF between modalities (p<0.05). Fat percentage correlations ranged from r= 0.57 to r=0.97 (all, p<0.001). Bland-Altman analysis revealed differences between BIA Yannakoulia as a reference method with BIA Segal (-0.35 ± 2.32%, 95%CI: -0.89to 0.18, p=0.38), with BIA Sun (-0.73 ± 2.3%, 95%CI: -1.27 to -0.20, p=0.014) and Durnin-Womersley (-2.65 ± 2,48%, 95%CI: -3.22 to -2.07, p<0.0001). It was concluded that body fat percentage estimates by BIA compared with skinfold method were systematically different in young adult female ballet dancers, having a tendency to produce underestimations as %BF increased with Segal and Durnin-Womersley equations compared to Yannakoulia, concluding that these methods are not interchangeable.
authors.affiliation: University of Málaga-Andalucía Tech. Faculty of Medicine. Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071. Málaga Spain. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Málaga (IBIMA).. alvero@uma.es.
authors.forename: José Ramón
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Alvero-Cruz
authors.affiliation: Catholic University of Murcia. Spain.. alvero@uma.es.
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marfell-Jones
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sports Sciences. Catholic University of Murcia. Spain.. alvero@uma.es.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alacid
authors.affiliation: Málaga High Dance School. Junta de Andalucía. Spain.. alvero@uma.es.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Artero Orta
authors.affiliation: University of Málaga-Andalucía Tech. Faculty of Education Sciences. Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071. Málaga Spain.. alvero@uma.es.
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Correas-Gómez
authors.affiliation: Traumatology Service. Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca. Murcia. Spain.. alvero@uma.es.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Santonja Medina
authors.affiliation: University of Málaga-Andalucía Tech. Faculty of Education Sciences. Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071. Málaga Spain. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Málaga (IBIMA).. alvero@uma.es.
authors.forename: Elvis A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Carnero
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D001837:Body Weights and Measures / Q000379:methods*; D003615:Dancing; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D013030:Spain; D055815:Young Adult