title: Clinical management of renal artery fibromuscular dysplasia: temporal trends and outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Renal artery fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a heterogeneous condition with a broad and evolving phenotypic and angiographic spectrum. We documented therapeutic management in patients with renal artery FMD, by analyzing the medical records of hypertensive patients diagnosed with FMD at a single referral center from 1986 to 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  Characteristics at presentation, treatments and outcomes were compared between patients diagnosed with FMD before and after the year 2000. Characteristics at presentation and outcomes were compared between patients managed conservatively, by angioplasty or surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients seen since 2000 (n = 278) were older, had lower blood pressure (BP) levels and were more often managed conservatively than those diagnosed before 2000 (n = 134). Revascularized patients had more often focal FMD and were more often men, diagnosed with hypertension and FMD at a younger age, had higher BP levels and a higher prevalence of renal asymmetry or infarction than patients treated conservatively. At the most recent visit, BP was below 140/90 mmHg in two-thirds of the patients, in all treatment groups. Multifocal FMD was managed conservatively in 60% of the cases (older patients, less severe hypertension) with similar BP outcome compared to revascularization, even after adjustment for potential confounding factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The trends towards the diagnosis of FMD in older patients with less severe hypertension underscore the need for a careful selection of patients who might benefit from revascularization. This is especially true for multifocal FMD, which might be adequately managed by medication in a substantial number of cases.
authors.affiliation: aAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Hypertension Unit, Paris, France bFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Cardiovascular Diseases Unit, University of Milan, Milan, Italy cCHU de Québec, l'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Nephrology Unit, Québec, Canada dAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Department of Vascular Radiology eUniversité Paris-Descartes, Faculté de Médecine fAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Department of Internal Medicine gSorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Faculté de Médecine hINSERM, UMR_S1142, Laboratoire d'Informatique Médicale et Ingénierie des Connaissances pour la e-Santé, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giavarini
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Savard
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sapoval
authors.forename: Pierre-François
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Plouin
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Steichen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography; D017130:Angioplasty; D005260:Female; D005352:Fibromuscular Dysplasia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012078:Renal Artery Obstruction / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome