title: Integration of multi-level biomarker responses to cadmium and benzo[k]fluoranthene in the pale chub (Zacco platypus).
abstract: The Cd exposure for 14 days significantly increased both the molecular (DNA single-strand breaks) and biochemical (metallothionein concentrations) biomarkers in the freshwater pale chub, Zacco platypus, whereas changes in the histological and physiological biomarker responses were negligible. The BkF exposure for 14 days led to significant increases in the mRNA expression of catalase and superoxide dismutase, 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase enzymatic activity and DNA single-strand breakage at the molecular and biochemical levels. In addition, exposure to 50μg/L of BkF induced histological alteration in the liver, with significant changes to the liver somatic index and condition factor at the physiological level. The integration of multi-level biomarker responses at the molecular, biochemical and physiological levels was highly correlated with the concentrations of Cd and BkF.
authors.affiliation: Future Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 660-844, Korea.
authors.forename: Woo-Keun
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Future Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 660-844, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Kyu
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Future Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 660-844, Korea.
authors.forename: June-Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyungho
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
authors.forename: Jordan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cargo
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schlenk
authors.affiliation: Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Korea. Electronic address: jjung@korea.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jinho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D003530:Cyprinidae / Q000378:metabolism*; D005449:Fluorenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005449:Fluorenes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002104:Cadmium; C022921:benzo(k)fluoranthene
keywords: Ecotoxicology; Heavy metal; Integrated biomarker response; PAH