title: Integrative genomic approach identifies multiple genes involved in cardiac collagen deposition.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With aging and in cardiac disease, fibrosis caused by collagen deposition is increased, impairing contractility and providing a substrate for arrhythmia. In this study, we set out to identify genetic modifiers of collagen deposition in the heart by exploiting the genetic variability among F2 progeny of 129P2 and FVBN/J mice carrying the Scn5a(tm1Care/+) mutation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relative amounts of collagen were determined in left ventricular myocardium of 65 F2-mice and combined with genome-wide genotypic and cardiac expression data to identify collagen quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and overlapping expression QTLs (eQTLs). A significant collagen QTL was identified on mouse Chr8; an additional collagen QTL was identified on mouse Chr2 after correction for a genetic covariate uncovered on Chr18 using multiple QTL mapping. Of the 24 eQTLs colocalizing with the Chr8-collagen QTL, 6 transcripts were correlated with relative collagen amount. Similarly, of the 7 eQTLs colocalizing with the Chr2-collagen QTL, 1 transcript, Gpr158, correlated with relative collagen. Of the 12 transcripts with an eQTLs in the Chr18-covariate region, only Fgf1 correlated with relative collagen amount. Furthermore, 2 of the transcripts, Pdlim3 (Chr8) and Itga6 (Chr2), with eQTLs overlapping with collagen QTLs, had a genetic covariate on Chr18 that coincided with the Chr18 collagen covariate locus. Application of recombinant human FGF1 to isolated cardiac fibroblasts in culture affected the level of expression of Pdlim3, Itga6, and Gpr158.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We here mapped a possible novel genetic network modulating collagen deposition in mouse left ventricular myocardium.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Experimental Cardiology (E.M.L., B.P.S., L.B., M.E.A., C.R.B.), and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (P.D.M., M.W.T.T.), University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands; and Groningen Bioinformatics Centre, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (D.A.).
authors.forename: Elisabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Lodder
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Experimental Cardiology (E.M.L., B.P.S., L.B., M.E.A., C.R.B.), and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (P.D.M., M.W.T.T.), University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands; and Groningen Bioinformatics Centre, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (D.A.).
authors.forename: Brendon P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Scicluna
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Experimental Cardiology (E.M.L., B.P.S., L.B., M.E.A., C.R.B.), and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (P.D.M., M.W.T.T.), University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands; and Groningen Bioinformatics Centre, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (D.A.).
authors.forename: Leander
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Beekman
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Experimental Cardiology (E.M.L., B.P.S., L.B., M.E.A., C.R.B.), and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (P.D.M., M.W.T.T.), University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands; and Groningen Bioinformatics Centre, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (D.A.).
authors.forename: Danny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arends
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Experimental Cardiology (E.M.L., B.P.S., L.B., M.E.A., C.R.B.), and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (P.D.M., M.W.T.T.), University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands; and Groningen Bioinformatics Centre, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (D.A.).
authors.forename: Perry D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Moerland
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Experimental Cardiology (E.M.L., B.P.S., L.B., M.E.A., C.R.B.), and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (P.D.M., M.W.T.T.), University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands; and Groningen Bioinformatics Centre, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (D.A.).
authors.forename: Michael W T
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Tanck
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Experimental Cardiology (E.M.L., B.P.S., L.B., M.E.A., C.R.B.), and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (P.D.M., M.W.T.T.), University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands; and Groningen Bioinformatics Centre, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (D.A.).
authors.forename: Michiel E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Adriaens
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Experimental Cardiology (E.M.L., B.P.S., L.B., M.E.A., C.R.B.), and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (P.D.M., M.W.T.T.), University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands; and Groningen Bioinformatics Centre, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (D.A.). c.r.bezzina@amc.uva.nl.
authors.forename: Connie R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Bezzina
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism*; D016220:Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D016678:Genome; D005838:Genotype; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000378:metabolism; D039503:Integrin alpha6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D062554:NAV1.5 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C575059:GPR158 protein, mouse; D039503:Integrin alpha6; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D062554:NAV1.5 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; C484642:Pdlim3 protein, mouse; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C568321:Scn5a protein, mouse; D016220:Fibroblast Growth Factor 1; D003094:Collagen
keywords: Fgf1; collagen; fibroblast growth factor