title: An integrated ontology resource to explore and study host-virus relationships.
abstract: Our growing knowledge of viruses reveals how these pathogens manage to evade innate host defenses. A global scheme emerges in which many viruses usurp key cellular defense mechanisms and often inhibit the same components of antiviral signaling. To accurately describe these processes, we have generated a comprehensive dictionary for eukaryotic host-virus interactions. This controlled vocabulary has been detailed in 57 ViralZone resource web pages which contain a global description of all molecular processes. In order to annotate viral gene products with this vocabulary, an ontology has been built in a hierarchy of UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProtKB) keyword terms and corresponding Gene Ontology (GO) terms have been developed in parallel. The results are 65 UniProtKB keywords related to 57 GO terms, which have been used in 14,390 manual annotations; 908,723 automatic annotations and propagated to an estimation of 922,941 GO annotations. ViralZone pages, UniProtKB keywords and GO terms provide complementary tools to users, and the three resources have been linked to each other through host-virus vocabulary.
authors.affiliation: SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CMU, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Masson
authors.affiliation: SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CMU, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hulo
authors.affiliation: SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CMU, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Edouard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Castro
authors.affiliation: European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Foulger
authors.affiliation: SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CMU, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poux
authors.affiliation: SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CMU, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bridge
authors.affiliation: European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lomax
authors.affiliation: SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CMU, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Lydie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bougueleret
authors.affiliation: SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CMU, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Xenarios
authors.affiliation: SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CMU, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Le Mercier
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D030561:Databases, Nucleic Acid; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D063990:Gene Ontology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007372:Interferons / Q000235:genetics; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D007372:Interferons