title: Recurrent vulvovaginitis.
abstract: Vulvovaginitis (VV) is one of the most commonly encountered problems by a gynecologist. Many women frequently self-treat with over-the-counter medications, and may present to their health-care provider after a treatment failure. Vulvovaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, and trichomoniasis may occur as discreet or recurrent episodes, and have been associated with significant treatment cost and morbidity. We present an update on diagnostic capabilities and treatment modalities that address recurrent and refractory episodes of VV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Medicine, Drexel Vaginitis Center, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: powell.am@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anna M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Medicine, Drexel Vaginitis Center, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nyirjesy
mesh_terms: D002181:Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D012008:Recurrence; D014247:Trichomonas Vaginitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D016585:Vaginosis, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D014848:Vulvovaginitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology
keywords: bacterial vaginosis; trichomoniasis; vaginitis; vulvaginal candidiasis