title: The neural basis of attaining conscious awareness of sad mood.
abstract: The neural processes associated with becoming aware of sad mood are not fully understood. We examined the dynamic process of becoming aware of sad mood and recovery from sad mood. Sixteen healthy subjects underwent fMRI while participating in a sadness induction task designed to allow for variable mood induction times. Individualized regressors linearly modeled the time periods during the attainment of self-reported sad and baseline "neutral" mood states, and the validity of the linearity assumption was further tested using independent component analysis. During sadness induction the dorsomedial and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices, and anterior insula exhibited a linear increase in the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal until subjects became aware of a sad mood and then a subsequent linear decrease as subjects transitioned from sadness back to the non-sadness baseline condition. These findings extend understanding of the neural basis of conscious emotional experience.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroimaging, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 222 West Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85259, USA. rssmith@email.arizona.edu.|Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA. rssmith@email.arizona.edu.|Division of Neuroimaging Research, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 222 West Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA. rssmith@email.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroimaging, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 222 West Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85259, USA.
authors.forename: B Blair
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Braden
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroimaging, Banner Alzheimer Institute and Banner Good Samaritan PET Center, 1111 E. McDowell Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85006, USA.
authors.forename: Kewei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 222 West Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85259, USA.
authors.forename: Francisco A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Ponce
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroimaging, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 222 West Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85259, USA.
authors.forename: Leslie C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Baxter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D001364:Awareness / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D057566:Self Report; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Awareness; Functional MRI; Insula; Prefrontal cortex; Sad mood