title: Adjuncts should always be used in pediatric regional anesthesia.
abstract: A number of different adjuncts to local anesthetics can be used to prolong and optimize postoperative pain relief following regional anesthesia in children. The present text provides a slightly opinionated but evidence-based argument in favor of this practice.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, Section of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Care, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Paediatric Anaesthesia, Inetsive Care & ECMO Services, Astrid Lindgrens Children's Hospital/Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Per-Arne
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lönnqvist
mesh_terms: D000765:Anesthesia, Conduction / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D009407:Nerve Block; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local
keywords: adjuncts; child; clonidine; infant; ketamine; morphine; regional anesthesia