title: Emergence of Porcine Circovirus 2 Associated Reproductive Failure in Southern India.
abstract: Incidence of unusually high numbers of stillbirths was observed at a piggery unit at the Veterinary University research farm in Tamil Nadu State of India. Systematic examination of the tissue from stillborn piglets led to the identification of presence of Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2). Detailed analysis utilizing electron microscopy, polymerase chain reaction and sequencing confirmed the presence of PCV2 in the tissue of affected piglets. Histopathology analysis of the affected piglet tissue showed lymphoid cell depletion of lymphnodes, spleen and infiltration of liver, kidney, myocardium, etc. Retrospective examination of the morbidity and mortality history in the farm revealed high mortality in young and weanling piglets suggestive of PCV2 infection-induced diseases. This is the first report of emergence of major disease incidence in farmed swine due to PCV2 infection in India.
authors.affiliation: Centralized University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India.|Vaccine Research Centre for Viral Vaccines, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Karuppannan
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Research Centre for Viral Vaccines, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramesh
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Research Centre for Viral Vaccines, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Central Instrumentation Laboratory, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramesh
authors.affiliation: Centralized University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mahaprabhu
authors.affiliation: Centralized University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jaisree
authors.affiliation: Centralized University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sridhar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pazhanivel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sakthivelan
authors.affiliation: Post Graduate Research Institute in Animal Sciences, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sreekumar
authors.affiliation: Post Graduate Research Institute in Animal Sciences, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murugan
authors.affiliation: Post Graduate Research Institute in Animal Sciences, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jaishankar
authors.affiliation: Post Graduate Research Institute in Animal Sciences, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gopi
authors.affiliation: Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Purushothaman
authors.affiliation: Centre for Animal Production Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kumanan
authors.affiliation: Centre for Animal Production Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Babu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018173:Circoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D017925:Circovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005814:Genes, Viral; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission / Q000662:veterinary; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000662:veterinary; D050497:Stillbirth / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology
keywords: PCV2; reproductive failure; stillbirth; weak piglets