title: Interacting effects of receiving social control and social support during smoking cessation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Social control and support have effects on smoking cessation, but are mostly examined separately.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Interacting effects of social control and support are investigated, hypothesizing synergistic effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 99 smokers, received social control and emotional support (both smoking specific) were assessed 2 weeks before a quit date (T1); objectively verified abstinence and self-reported numbers of cigarettes smoked daily were assessed 6 weeks after baseline (T2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For both outcomes, associations with control (T1) were moderated by support (T1), but beneficial synergistic effects (high control/high support) emerged for few participants only. Effects were mainly driven by constellations of low control/high support associated with more cigarettes smoked daily (T2) and low control/low support linked to higher likelihood of abstinence (T2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different constellations of levels of control and support may be beneficial for quitting smoking. Whereas synergies of high domain-specific control and support may be beneficial, they only rarely occur.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Applied Social Psychology, University of Zurich, Binzmuehlestrasse 14, Box 14, 8050, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sibylle
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ochsner
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Knoll
authors.forename: Gertraud
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stadler
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luszczynska
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hornung
authors.forename: Urte
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Scholz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003376:Counseling; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D012927:Social Control, Informal; D012944:Social Support; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult