title: Observation of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos in three years of IceCube data.
abstract: A search for high-energy neutrinos interacting within the IceCube detector between 2010 and 2012 provided the first evidence for a high-energy neutrino flux of extraterrestrial origin. Results from an analysis using the same methods with a third year (2012-2013) of data from the complete IceCube detector are consistent with the previously reported astrophysical flux in the 100 TeV-PeV range at the level of 10(-8)  GeV cm-2 s-1 sr-1 per flavor and reject a purely atmospheric explanation for the combined three-year data at 5.7σ. The data are consistent with expectations for equal fluxes of all three neutrino flavors and with isotropic arrival directions, suggesting either numerous or spatially extended sources. The three-year data set, with a live time of 988 days, contains a total of 37 neutrino candidate events with deposited energies ranging from 30 to 2000 TeV. The 2000-TeV event is the highest-energy neutrino interaction ever observed.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yodh
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zarzhitsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ziemann
authors.affiliation: III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zierke
authors.affiliation: Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zoll