title: Benefits of foods supplemented with vegetable oils rich in α-linolenic, stearidonic or docosahexaenoic acid in hypertriglyceridemic subjects: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trail.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of foods enriched with vegetable oils varying in their n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids profile on cardiovascular risk factors for hypertriglyceridemic subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-nine hypertriglyceridemic subjects (triglycerides ≥ 1.5 mmol/L) were included in the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. The placebo group received sunflower oil [linoleic acid (LA) group; 10 g LA/day]. The intervention groups received linseed oil [α-linolenic acid (ALA) group; 7 g ALA/day], echium oil [stearidonic acid (SDA) group; 2 g SDA/day] or microalgae oil [docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) group; 2 g DHA/day] over 10 weeks. Blood samples were collected at baseline and at the end of each period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total cholesterol (TC) and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol decreased significantly in the LA and ALA groups (LA: P ≤ 0.01, ALA: P ≤ 0.05). No changes in blood lipids were observed in the SDA group. Significant increases in TC and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol occurred in the DHA group (P ≤ 0.05). In the ALA and SDA groups, the content of eicosapentaenoic acid in erythrocyte lipids increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) after 10 weeks (ALA group: 38 ± 37 %, SDA group: 73  ± 59 %).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Foods enriched with different vegetable oils rich in ALA or SDA are able to increase the n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids content in erythrocyte lipids; echium oil is more potent in comparison with linseed oil. Blood lipids were beneficially modified through the consumption of food products enriched with sunflower, linseed and microalgae oils, whereas echium oil did not affect blood lipids. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01437930.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 24, 07743, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Manja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dittrich
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jahreis
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bothor
authors.forename: Carina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Drechsel
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiehntopf
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blüher
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dawczynski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D015930:Diet Records; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000737:chemistry; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D012307:Risk Factors; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000097:blood; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D005227:Fatty Acids; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D008055:Lipids; D010919:Placebos; D010938:Plant Oils; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D002784:Cholesterol; C062895:stearidonic acid; D024505:Tocopherols