title: Effect of music on labor pain relief, anxiety level and postpartum analgesic requirement: a randomized controlled clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The control of labor pain and the prevention of suffering are major concerns of clinicians and their patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of music on labor pain and anxiety, maternal hemodynamics, fetal-neonatal parameters and postpartum analgesic requirement in primiparous women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overall, 156 primiparous women who expected vaginal delivery were recruited and randomly assigned to a music group (n = 77) or a control group (n = 79). Women in the music group listened to music during labor. Pain intensity and anxiety level were measured using a visual analogue scale (0-10 cm). The two groups were compared in terms of pain severity, anxiety level, maternal hemodynamics, fetal-neonatal parameters and postpartum analgesic requirement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mothers in the music therapy group had a lower level of pain and anxiety compared with those in the control group at all stages of labor (p < 0.001). A signiﬁcant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of maternal hemodynamics and fetal heart rate after intervention (p < 0.01). Postpartum analgesic requirement significantly decreased in the music therapy group (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Listening to music during labor has a positive impact on labor pain and anxiety, maternal-fetal parameters and analgesic requirement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serap
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Simavli
authors.forename: Ilknur
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gumus
authors.forename: Ikbal
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kaygusuz
authors.forename: Melahat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.forename: Betul
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Usluogullari
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kafali
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006340:Heart Rate, Fetal; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D048949:Labor Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D007743:Labor, Obstetric / Q000523:psychology; D009147:Music Therapy; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010298:Parity; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D055815:Young Adult