title: Firmness prediction in Prunus persica 'Calrico' peaches by visible/short-wave near infrared spectroscopy and acoustic measurements using optimised linear and non-linear chemometric models.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this work, near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and an acoustic measure (AWETA) (two non-destructive methods) were applied in Prunus persica fruit 'Calrico' (n = 260) to predict Magness-Taylor (MT) firmness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Separate and combined use of these measures was evaluated and compared using partial least squares (PLS) and least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) regression methods. Also, a mutual-information-based variable selection method, seeking to find the most significant variables to produce optimal accuracy of the regression models, was applied to a joint set of variables (NIR wavelengths and AWETA measure).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The newly proposed combined NIR-AWETA model gave good values of the determination coefficient (R(2)) for PLS and LS-SVM methods (0.77 and 0.78, respectively), improving the reliability of MT firmness prediction in comparison with separate NIR and AWETA predictions. The three variables selected by the variable selection method (AWETA measure plus NIR wavelengths 675 and 697 nm) achieved R(2) values 0.76 and 0.77, PLS and LS-SVM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicated that the proposed mutual-information-based variable selection algorithm was a powerful tool for the selection of the most relevant variables.
authors.affiliation: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientifcias (CSIC), Nutrición Vegetak, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2826-2876
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lafuente
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Arquitectura y Tecnología de los computadores, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Herrera
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Óptica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: María del Mar
authors.initials: Mdel M
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.affiliation: Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, CSIC, Plant Nutrition, Avda, Montañana 1005, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8728-6616
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Val
authors.affiliation: Física aplicada, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zarogoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Negueruela
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics / Q000295:instrumentation; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D005638:Fruit; D016014:Linear Models; D008956:Models, Chemical; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D011312:Pressure; D027861:Prunus; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared / Q000379:methods*
keywords: NIR; acoustic system; firmness; peaches