title: Transcriptional regulation of important cellular processes in skeletal myogenesis through interferon-γ.
abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of interferon (IFN)-γ on the transcriptomic profile of differentiating mouse C2C12 myogenic cells. Global gene expression was evaluated using whole mouse genome oligonucleotide microarrays, and the results were validated through real-time PCR. IFN-γ (1 ng/mL) increased myoblast proliferation but decreased cell respiration and myosin heavy chain content and slightly decreased the fusion index in differentiating C2C12 cell cultures. The genes upregulated through IFN-γ were involved in cell cycle; regulation of cell proliferation; programmed cell death; chemotaxis; and cytokine, growth factor, and peptidase activity, whereas the genes downregulated through IFN-γ primarily contributed to the regulation of transcription, cell-cell signaling, nitrogen compound biosynthesis, ser/thr protein kinase signaling, and regulation of the Wnt pathway. In conclusion, IFN-γ affects the expression of numerous genes associated with the regulation of several processes in myogenesis. The effects of IFN-γ on cellular transcription include (1) alteration of cytokine/growth factor expression, promoting cell proliferation and migration but inhibiting differentiation, (2) impairment of pro-myogenic transcription, (3) disruption of cell adhesion and sarcolemma/cytoskeleton organization, and (4) increased peptidase activity leading to enhanced proteolysis and apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW) , Warsaw, Poland .
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grzelkowska-Kowalczyk
authors.forename: Zofia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wicik
authors.forename: Alicja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Majewska
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tokarska
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grabiec
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kozłowski
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milewska
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Błaszczyk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D024510:Muscle Development / Q000502:physiology*; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*; D060449:Wnt Signaling Pathway / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D009124:Muscle Proteins; D007371:Interferon-gamma