title: Monocyte activation, but not microbial translocation, is independently associated with markers of endovascular dysfunction in HIV-infected patients receiving cART.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Microbial translocation has been suggested as a driver of cardiovascular disease in HIV infection. We hypothesized that microbial translocation and the resulting monocyte activation would be associated with markers of endovascular dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 60 HIV-infected patients on combination antiretroviral therapy, plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide, soluble CD14 (sCD14), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ADMA and SDMA were associated with sCD14 but not lipopolysaccharide. There was a significant increase in ADMA and SDMA through tertiles of sCD14, and both markers were associated with sCD14 in multivariate linear regression analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monocyte activation as measured by sCD14 is associated with endovascular dysfunction in HIV infection.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; †Department of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; ‡Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; §Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; ‖Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and ¶K.G. Jebsen Center for Inflammation Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Karin K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Ingjerd W
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Manner
authors.forename: Ingebjørg
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Seljeflot
authors.forename: Dag
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kvale
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Os
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gerstoft
authors.forename: Susanne D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Marius
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trøseid
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D018988:Bacterial Translocation; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000032:analysis; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000097:blood; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C036309:fibrin fragment D; C024917:symmetric dimethylarginine; C018524:N,N-dimethylarginine; D001120:Arginine