title: Advancing computer-assisted orthopaedic surgery using a hexapod device for closed diaphyseal fracture reduction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical complications such as healing problems, in fractures treated using the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) technique, present functional and economic challenges to patients and treatment dilemmas for surgeons. Computer-assisted orthopaedic surgery using minimally invasive techniques focused on biological osteosynthesis is a novel direction for fracture treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We modified the hexapod computer-assisted fracture reduction system by introducing a new reduction strategy, building a new system configuration and upgrading the corresponding software. We then validated the entire system, using a fracture model of bovine femur.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Precision tests were performed seven times on a bovine femur with a transverse fracture. Residual deviation was 1.23 ± 0.60 mm in axial deflection, 1.04 ± 0.47 mm in translation, 2.34 ± 1.79° in angulation and 2.83 ± 0.96° in rotation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our new reduction system described here is detachable, flexible and more precise in coordinate transformations. The detachable, modular design will allow for more analogous applications in the future. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hailong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Robotics Institute, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Robotics Institute, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Changsheng
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2469-4222
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Robotics Institute, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tianmiao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Robotics Institute, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Robotics Institute, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Daohong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lining
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chunqing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Licheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hongping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lihai
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Peifu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tang
keywords: CAOS; computer assisted orthopaedic surgery; diaphyseal fracture; hexapod