title: Airway-related symptoms and surgeries in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis I.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) is a progressive, debilitating, and life-threatening genetic disease, which, owing to the nonspecific nature of the early symptoms, is often unrecognized and associated with significant diagnostic delays. To improve early recognition leading to early diagnosis and initiation of treatment, we characterized the extent of airway-related symptoms and surgeries among patients with MPS I.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of the frequency of airway-related symptoms and surgeries from 1041 patients enrolled in the MPS I Registry and correlation with other systemic manifestations of MPS I.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Airway-related symptoms (macroglossia, enlarged tonsils, reactive airway disease/asthma, or sleep disturbances) were reported for as many as 85% of Hurler, 83% of Hurler-Scheie, and 65% of Scheie patients-very often before the diagnosis of MPS I was established. Surgeries for an airway indication were reported in 39% of patients and many had at least 1 airway-related surgery before the diagnosis of MPS I was confirmed. The mean percentage of patients with airway-related symptoms for whom hernias and/or dysostosis multiplex were also reported was 84% and 54%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Airway-related symptoms and surgeries are common and often the earliest presenting feature in MPS I. Improved recognition of early MPS I disease manifestations may lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Nemours Children's Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA Pamela.Arn@nemours.org.
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arn
authors.affiliation: Paediatric ENT Department, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK Respiratory and Allergy Centre, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Iain A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.affiliation: Willink Biochemical Genetics Unit, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK Deceased.
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Wraith
authors.affiliation: Genzyme, a Sanofi company, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Travers
authors.affiliation: Genzyme, a Sanofi company, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Shari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fallet
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008059:Mucopolysaccharidosis I / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: airway; mucopolysaccharidosis I; registries; surgeries; symptoms