title: Dietary stimulators of GLUT4 expression and translocation in skeletal muscle: a mini-review.
abstract: Chronic insulin resistance can lead to type II diabetes mellitus, which is also directly influenced by an individual's genetics as well as their lifestyle. Under normal circumstances, insulin facilitates glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue by stimulating glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation and activity. GLUT4 activity is directly correlated with the ability to clear elevated blood glucose and insulin sensitivity. In diabetes, energy excess and prolonged hyperinsulinemia suppress muscle and adipose response to insulin, in part through reduced GLUT4 membrane levels. This work uniquely describes much of the experimental data demonstrating the effects of various dietary components on GLUT4 expression and translocation in skeletal muscle. These observations implicate several individual dietary chemicals as potential adjuvant therapies in the maintenance of diabetes and insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Gannon
authors.forename: Carole A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Conn
authors.forename: Roger A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Vaughan
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002908:Chronic Disease; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D014178:Translocation, Genetic
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007328:Insulin; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Glucose uptake; Insulin resistance; Insulin sensitivity; Type II diabetes mellitus; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)