title: [Development of Neglect Evaluation Scale for primary school students aged 6-11 years old in rural areas of China].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a standard Neglect Evaluation Scale which is suitable for rural primary school students in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  According to the principle of multi-stage stratified cluster sampling, a field investigation was conducted among primary school students in 28 counties from 7 provinces and 2 municipalities. The questionnaires were self-designed, and determined by multiple rounds of pilots and revisions. Among 5 862 students, 2 792 (6-8 years' old) and 3 070 (9-11 years' old) were investigated by using two kinds of Neglect Evaluation questionnaires, respectively. After project analysis, factor analysis, reliability and validity analysis, the reliability and stability of the scale were tested. Then percentile method was used to determine the evaluation standard to develop and finalize the formal scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The numbers of the remaining items for 6-8 year-old group and 9-11 year-old group is 69 and 58, respectively, both of which contain six levels of neglect, including body, emotion, health care, education, security, and society. 4 times of factor analysis were conducted in both of the two groups. The factor loadings in these two groups were 0.290-0.700 and 0.276-0.729 respectively. Reliability test results showed that the two kinds of scales' Cronbach alpha coefficient were 0.924 and 0.929 respectively, split-half reliability were 0.891 and 0.904 respectively, the retest reliability were 0.559 and 0.892 respectively, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The retest reliability among 6-8 year-old group in medical neglect level had no statistical significance, but was close to the cut-off point (P = 0.054). The test results of external validity indicated that both of the two scales could reflect the neglect status of the subjects (P < 0.05), but the subjective and objective evaluation towards neglect were not consistent. The cut-off points for judging whether the children were neglected or not among 6-8 year-old and 9-11 year-old groups were 159 and 137 respectively; and the adjusted values were 160 and 135 respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The two norm scales developed by this study showed good discriminability, reliability, validity, and stability. The norms developed on the basis of the scales was suitable for the situation of rural students in primary schools in China.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China. Email: jppan@126.com.
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Wuyue
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jingqi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.forename: Huiying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yulin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Guixiong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Yaqin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhaohui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Feng
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authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Weiqing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Le
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Yinli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Yanhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.forename: Wanliang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Wenjuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse; D002681:China; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012424:Rural Population; D012574:Schools; D013334:Students; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires