title: CoolClot, a novel hemostatic agent for controlling life-threatening arterial bleeding.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Uncontrolled bleeding is the first leading cause of preventable death in the battlefield and the 2nd cause of mortality in civil accidents. Incompressible hemorrhage control is among the interventions that drastically increase the survival rate in wound individuals. We have previously shown that a certain mixture of bentonite and zeolite minerals can significantly decrease the bleeding in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, nine healthy hybrid dogs were selected and after induction of anesthesia with ether, either arterial puncture by a needle or arteriotomy was performed on both groin regions of the dogs. For control arteries (either the right or left femoral artery), only pressure by sterilized gauze was performed, while for the femoral arteries of the opposite side, our invented hemostatic agent, namely CoolClot, was topically used before applying the pressure. In the second stage of the study, to assess the coagulation time, blood samples were collected from 10 volunteer students.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CoolClot significantly decreased the bleeding time in animals whose femoral arteries were cut or punctured. In the human phase of the study, the mean coagulation time in control blood samples was 253.4±44.1 seconds, whereas it was 149.5±50.0, 162.3±74.6 and 143.4±114.6 seconds, respectively in blood samples treated with bentonite, zeolite and CoolClot (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As controlling bleeding after a life-threatening arterial damage is critical for increasing the chance of survival, the results obtained in this study indicate the significant efficacy of CoolClot in shortening the bleeding time. Our experiments also indicate that CoolClot can significantly reduce the clotting time in human blood samples.
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ; The Centre for Radiological Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Smj
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mortazavi
authors.affiliation: Shiraz Blood Transfusion Organization, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tavasoli
authors.affiliation: The Centre for Radiological Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Atefi
authors.affiliation: The Centre for Research on Stem Cell, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanide
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Radpey
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roshan-Shomal
authors.affiliation: The Centre for Radiological Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moradi
authors.affiliation: The Centre for Radiological Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taeb
keywords: Bentonite and zeolite; Bleeding; CoolClot; Hemostatic agent