title: A common neural code for similar conscious experiences in different individuals.
abstract: The interpretation of human consciousness from brain activity, without recourse to speech or action, is one of the most provoking and challenging frontiers of modern neuroscience. We asked whether there is a common neural code that underpins similar conscious experiences, which could be used to decode these experiences in the absence of behavior. To this end, we used richly evocative stimulation (an engaging movie) portraying real-world events to elicit a similar conscious experience in different people. Common neural correlates of conscious experience were quantified and related to measurable, quantitative and qualitative, executive components of the movie through two additional behavioral investigations. The movie's executive demands drove synchronized brain activity across healthy participants' frontal and parietal cortices in regions known to support executive function. Moreover, the timing of activity in these regions was predicted by participants' highly similar qualitative experience of the movie's moment-to-moment executive demands, suggesting that synchronization of activity across participants underpinned their similar experience. Thus we demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, that a neural index based on executive function reliably predicted every healthy individual's similar conscious experience in response to real-world events unfolding over time. This approach provided strong evidence for the conscious experience of a brain-injured patient, who had remained entirely behaviorally nonresponsive for 16 y. The patient's executive engagement and moment-to-moment perception of the movie content were highly similar to that of every healthy participant. These findings shed light on the common basis of human consciousness and enable the interpretation of conscious experience in the absence of behavior.
authors.affiliation: The Brain and Mind Institute, Department of Psychology, and lorina.clare@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Lorina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Naci
authors.affiliation: The Brain and Mind Institute, Department of Psychology, and.
authors.forename: Rhodri
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cusack
authors.affiliation: Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7.
authors.forename: Mimma
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anello
authors.affiliation: The Brain and Mind Institute, Department of Psychology, and.
authors.forename: Adrian M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Owen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D003243:Consciousness / Q000502:physiology*; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D059907:Functional Neuroimaging; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010465:Perception / Q000502:physiology; D018458:Persistent Vegetative State / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D012016:Reference Values; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: brain injury; disorders of consciousness; fMRI