title: Does inhibin-B help us to confidently refuse diagnostic testicular biopsy in azoospermia?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the recent years, the use of laboratory blood factors such as FSH and inhibin-B for the assessment of spermatogenesis in different studies has increased; of course, the conflicting results have also been achieved.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate if the measurement of inhibin-B can help surgeon to reduce unnecessary diagnostic testicular biopsies in males with azoospermia.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study was done during July 2006 to September 2007 on 41 patients with azoospermia. FSH and inhibin-B were measured and bilateral open testicular biopsy was performed for all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sperm was seen in 29% of biopsies that in 100% of these samples inhibin-B was more than 100 pg/mL and FSH was less than twice the normal (p=0.001). Inhibin-B had significant correlation inversely with testicular fibrosis and Sertoli cell only syndrome (p=0.043 and p=0.011, respectively) and directly with incomplete spermatocytic maturation arrest and obstructive azoospermia (p=0.027 and p=0.013, respectively). FSH was only correlated with obstructive azoospermia (p=0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest that if FSH is less than twice the normal, inhibin-B should be measured and if its level is less than 100 pg/mL, we can cancel about the half of unnecessary diagnostic testicular biopsies.
authors.affiliation: Infertility Research Center, Urology-Nephrology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmoudreza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moradi
authors.affiliation: Infertility Research Center, Urology-Nephrology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alemi
authors.affiliation: Infertility Research Center, Urology-Nephrology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
authors.forename: Asaad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moradi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
authors.forename: Babak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Izadi
authors.affiliation: Infertility Research Center, Urology-Nephrology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
authors.forename: Farajollah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Parhodah
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Torkaman Asadi
keywords: Azoospermia.; Diagnosis; Germ cell; Histology; Infertility; Sperm cell