title: The Chicago classification of motility disorders: an update.
abstract: The Chicago Classification defines esophageal motility disorders in high resolution manometry. This is based on individual scoring of 10 swallows performed in supine position. Disorders of esophago-gastric junction (EGJ) outflow obstruction are defined by a median integrated relaxation pressure above the limit of normal and divided into 3 achalasia subtypes and EGJ outflow obstruction. Major motility disorders (aperistalsis, distal esophageal spasm, and hypercontractile esophagus) are patterns not encountered in controls in the context of normal EGJ relaxation. Finally with the latest version of the Chicago Classification, only two minor motor disorders are considered: ineffective esophageal motility and fragmented peristalsis.
authors.affiliation: Digestive Physiology, Hôpital E Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon I University, Pavillon H, 5 Place d'Arsonval, Cedex 03, Lyon F-69437, France.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8124, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: C Prakash
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Gyawali
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China.
authors.forename: Yinglian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 St Clair Street, 14th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611-2951, USA.
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Pandolfino
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 St Clair Street, 14th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611-2951, USA. Electronic address: p-kahrilas@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kahrilas
mesh_terms: D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology; D015154:Esophageal Motility Disorders / Q000145:classification* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004943:Esophagogastric Junction / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008365:Manometry; D010528:Peristalsis / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Achalasia; Aperistalsis; Distal esophageal spasm; Esophageal high-resolution manometry; Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction; Hypercontractile esophagus; Ineffective esophageal motility