title: Trends in use in a Canadian pediatric emergency department.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Emergency department (ED) crowding is a significant problem in Canada and has been associated with decreased quality of care in general and pediatric emergency departments (PEDs). Although boarding of admitted patients in the ED is the main contributor to adult ED overcrowding, factors involved in PED crowding may be different. The objective of this study was to report the trend in PED services use and to document the degree of overcrowding experienced in a Canadian PED.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study was conducted using administrative data from a tertiary care PED from 2002 to 2011. The primary outcome was PED use (total volume of visits and case severity per triage levels using the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale [CTAS] score and admissions). Secondary outcomes included measures of PED overcrowding, such as rates of patients leaving without being seen (LWBS) and length of stay (LOS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total volumes increased by 30% over the 10-year study period, whereas hospitalizations remained stable at approximately 10%. Trends in CTAS levels did not indicate meaningful changes in the severity of cases treated at our PED. LWBS proportions among CTAS 3, CTAS 4, and CTAS 5 groups and LOS for all CTAS groups progressively and statistically increased from year to year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Over the course of the study period, there was a substantial increase in PED visits, which likely contributed to the worsening markers of PED flow outcomes. Further study into the effects of PED crowding on patient outcomes is warranted.
authors.forename: Quynh
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Doan
authors.forename: Emerson D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Genuis
authors.forename: Alvis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002170:Canada; D002648:Child; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014218:Triage