title: Effect of Allium cepa L. on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Osteoclast Precursor Cell Viability, Count, and Morphology Using 4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole-Staining.
abstract: Allium cepa L. is known to possess numerous pharmacological properties. Our aim was to examine the in vitro effects of Allium cepa L. extract (AcE) on Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS and Escherichia coli LPS-stimulated osteoclast precursor cells to determine cell viability to other future cell-based assays. Osteoclast precursor cells (RAW 264.7) were stimulated by Pg LPS (1 μg/mL) and E. coli LPS (1 μg/mL) in the presence or absence of different concentrations of AcE (10-1000 μg/mL) for 5 days at 37°C/5% CO2. Resazurin reduction and total protein content assays were used to detect cell viability. AcE did not affect cell viability. Resazurin reduction assay showed that AcE, at up to 1000 μg/mL, did not significantly affect cell viability and cellular protein levels. Additionally a caspase 3/7 luminescence assay was used to disclose apoptosis and there was no difference in apoptotic activity between tested groups and control group. Fluorescence images stained by DAPI showed no alteration on the morphology and cell counts of LPS-stimulated osteoclast precursor cells with the use of AcE in all tested concentrations when compared to control. These findings suggest that Allium cepa L. extract could be used for in vitro studies on Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS and Escherichia coli LPS-stimulated osteoclast precursor cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioregulation, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, 41110-100 Salvador, BA, Brazil ; Department of Biological and Diagnostic Sciences-Preventive Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1G6.
authors.forename: Tatiane
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioregulation, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, 41110-100 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Diagnostic Sciences-Preventive Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1G6.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3578-0831
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Diagnostic Sciences-Preventive Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1G6.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stavroullakis
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences-Restorative, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1G6.
authors.forename: Anuradha
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8969-9043
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prakki
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eudes
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Da Silva Velozo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Diagnostic Sciences-Preventive Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1G6.
authors.forename: Getulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nogueira-Filho