title: Attitudes towards gambling in Finland: a cross-sectional population study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Attitudes towards gambling influence gambling behaviour but also reflect the existing gambling policy in a society. However, studies examining general attitudes towards gambling at the population level are scarce. The first aim of this study was to investigate general attitudes of the Finnish population towards gambling. The second aim was to explore the association of socio-demographics, gambling behaviours, being a concerned significant other (CSO) of a problem gambler and perceived health and lifestyle with attitudes towards gambling among the Finnish population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was performed by structured telephone interview on a random sample of 15-74-year-old Finns between October 2011 and January 2012. The data (n = 4484) was weighted based on age, gender and region of residence. Attitudes towards gambling were measured with the eight-item version of the Attitude Towards Gambling Scale (ATGS-8). A factor analysis was performed to test the structure of the Finnish version of the ATGS-8. The data were analysed using one-way ANOVA test, t-test and multiple regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On average, attitudes of Finns towards gambling were negative. The most significant factors associated with positive attitudes towards gambling were male gender, young age, 12 years or more education and net income more than 2000€, low score on gambling severity, being a non-CSO of a problem gambler and high alcohol consumption
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association between young age, male gender, high net income and risky alcohol consumption, and favourable gambling attitudes was strong, and also reflects risky gambling behaviour. Experiencing gambling-related harms caused by one's own or significant other's excessive gambling seems to indicate unfavourable attitudes towards gambling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P,O, Box 30, Helsinki, Finland. anne.salonen@thl.fi.
authors.forename: Anne H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Salonen
authors.forename: Sari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Castrén
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raisamo
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orford
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alho
authors.forename: Tuuli
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lahti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D005715:Gambling / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult