title: Assessment of RNAi-induced silencing in banana (Musa spp.).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In plants, RNA- based gene silencing mediated by small RNAs functions at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level to negatively regulate target genes, repetitive sequences, viral RNAs and/or transposon elements. Post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) or the RNA interference (RNAi) approach has been achieved in a wide range of plant species for inhibiting the expression of target genes by generating double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). However, to our knowledge, successful RNAi-application to knock-down endogenous genes has not been reported in the important staple food crop banana.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using embryogenic cell suspension (ECS) transformed with ß-glucuronidase (GUS) as a model system, we assessed silencing of gusAINT using three intron-spliced hairpin RNA (ihpRNA) constructs containing gusAINT sequences of 299-nt, 26-nt and 19-nt, respectively. Their silencing potential was analysed in 2 different experimental set-ups. In the first, Agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation of banana ECS with a gusAINT containing vector and an ihpRNA construct resulted in a significantly reduced GUS enzyme activity 6-8 days after co-cultivation with either the 299-nt and 19-nt ihpRNA vectors. In the second approach, these ihpRNA constructs were transferred to stable GUS-expressing ECS and their silencing potential was evaluated in the regenerated in vitro plants. In comparison to control plants, transgenic plants transformed with the 299-nt gusAINT targeting sequence showed a 4.5 fold down-regulated gusA mRNA expression level, while GUS enzyme activity was reduced by 9 fold. Histochemical staining of plant tissues confirmed these findings. Northern blotting used to detect the expression of siRNA in the 299-nt ihpRNA vector transgenic in vitro plants revealed a negative relationship between siRNA expression and GUS enzyme activity. In contrast, no reduction in GUS activity or GUS mRNA expression occurred in the regenerated lines transformed with either of the two gusAINT oligo target sequences (26-nt and 19-nt).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RNAi-induced silencing was achieved in banana, both at transient and stable level, resulting in significant reduction of gene expression and enzyme activity. The success of silencing was dependent on the targeted region of the target gene. The successful generation of transgenic ECS for second transformation with (an)other construct(s) can be of value for functional genomics research in banana.
authors.forename: Tuong Vi T
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.forename: Saskia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Windelinckx
authors.forename: Isabelle M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: De Coninck
authors.forename: Bruno P A
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Cammue
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium. rony.swennen@biw.kuleuven.be.
authors.forename: Rony
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Swennen
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Remy
mesh_terms: D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D028521:Musa / Q000196:embryology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000196:embryology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D034622:RNA Interference; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018749:RNA, Plant; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D005966:Glucuronidase