title: Paper-based bioactive scaffolds for stem cell-mediated bone tissue engineering.
abstract: Bioactive, functional scaffolds are required to improve the regenerative potential of stem cells for tissue reconstruction and functional recovery of damaged tissues. Here, we report a paper-based bioactive scaffold platform for stem cell culture and transplantation for bone reconstruction. The paper scaffolds are surface-engineered by an initiated chemical vapor deposition process for serial coating of a water-repellent and cell-adhesive polymer film, which ensures the long-term stability in cell culture medium and induces efficient cell attachment. The prepared paper scaffolds are compatible with general stem cell culture and manipulation techniques. An optimal paper type is found to provide structural, physical, and mechanical cues to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs). A bioactive paper scaffold significantly enhances in vivo bone regeneration of hADSCs in a critical-sized calvarial bone defect. Stacking the paper scaffolds with osteogenically differentiated hADSCs and human endothelial cells resulted in vascularized bone formation in vivo. Our study suggests that paper possesses great potential as a bioactive, functional, and cost-effective scaffold platform for stem cell-mediated bone tissue engineering. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the feasibility of a paper material for stem cell application to repair tissue defects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Ji
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering & KI for Nano Century, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kisuk
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yoonhee
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ann-Na
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering & KI for Nano Century, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Seok
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering & KI for Nano Century, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: sgim@kaist.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sung Gap
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Im
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: seungwoocho@yonsei.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Seung-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010012:Osteogenesis; D010209:Paper; D012886:Skull / Q000166:cytology / Q000293:injuries / Q000502:physiology; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
keywords: Bone tissue engineering; Human adipose-derived stem cell; Initiated chemical vapor deposition; Osteogenic differentiation; Paper scaffold