title: Prediction of sarcomere mutations in subclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sarcomere protein mutations in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy induce subtle cardiac structural changes before the development of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). We have proposed that myocardial crypts are part of this phenotype and independently associated with the presence of sarcomere gene mutations. We tested this hypothesis in genetic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy pre-LVH (genotype positive, LVH negative [G+LVH-]).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A multicenter case-control study investigated crypts and 22 other cardiovascular magnetic resonance parameters in subclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to determine their strength of association with sarcomere gene mutation carriage. The G+LVH- sample (n=73) was 29 ± 13 years old and 51% were men. Crypts were related to the presence of sarcomere mutations (for ≥1 crypt, β=2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5-4.4; P=0.014 and for ≥2 crypts, β=3.0; 95% CI, 0.8-7.9; P=0.004). In combination with 3 other parameters: anterior mitral valve leaflet elongation (β=2.1; 95% CI, 1.7-3.1; P<0.001), abnormal LV apical trabeculae (β=1.6; 95% CI, 0.8-2.5; P<0.001), and smaller LV end-systolic volumes (β=1.4; 95% CI, 0.5-2.3; P=0.001), multiple crypts indicated the presence of sarcomere gene mutations with 80% accuracy and an area under the curve of 0.85 (95% CI, 0.8-0.9). In this G+LVH- population, cardiac myosin-binding protein C mutation carriers had twice the prevalence of crypts when compared with the other combined mutations (47 versus 23%; odds ratio, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.1-7.9; P=0.045).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The subclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype measured by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in a multicenter environment and consisting of crypts (particularly multiple), anterior mitral valve leaflet elongation, abnormal trabeculae, and smaller LV systolic cavity is indicative of the presence of sarcomere gene mutations and highlights the need for further study.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Science (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., V.M., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Biostatistics Joint Research Office (P.B.), University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., M.T.E., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Cardiac Imaging Department (G.C., G.F., M.T.E., W.J.M., J.C.M.), Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom; Department of Developmental Biology, MRC National Institutes for Medical Research, Mill Hill, United Kingdom (T.J.M.); Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (C.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford Center for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Oxford, United Kingdom (V.M.F.); UCL Department for Cardiovascular Imaging, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom (V.M.); Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Roosevelt Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (M.V.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor (S.M.D.); Pediatric Cardiology Department, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (C.E.C.); Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.E.S.); Radiology and Imaging Sciences Department, National Institutes of Health/Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD (D.A.B.); and Cardiovascular Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (C.Y.H.).
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Captur
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Science (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., V.M., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Biostatistics Joint Research Office (P.B.), University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., M.T.E., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Cardiac Imaging Department (G.C., G.F., M.T.E., W.J.M., J.C.M.), Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom; Department of Developmental Biology, MRC National Institutes for Medical Research, Mill Hill, United Kingdom (T.J.M.); Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (C.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford Center for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Oxford, United Kingdom (V.M.F.); UCL Department for Cardiovascular Imaging, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom (V.M.); Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Roosevelt Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (M.V.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor (S.M.D.); Pediatric Cardiology Department, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (C.E.C.); Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.E.S.); Radiology and Imaging Sciences Department, National Institutes of Health/Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD (D.A.B.); and Cardiovascular Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (C.Y.H.).
authors.forename: Luis R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Science (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., V.M., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Biostatistics Joint Research Office (P.B.), University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., M.T.E., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Cardiac Imaging Department (G.C., G.F., M.T.E., W.J.M., J.C.M.), Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom; Department of Developmental Biology, MRC National Institutes for Medical Research, Mill Hill, United Kingdom (T.J.M.); Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (C.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford Center for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Oxford, United Kingdom (V.M.F.); UCL Department for Cardiovascular Imaging, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom (V.M.); Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Roosevelt Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (M.V.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor (S.M.D.); Pediatric Cardiology Department, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (C.E.C.); Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.E.S.); Radiology and Imaging Sciences Department, National Institutes of Health/Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD (D.A.B.); and Cardiovascular Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (C.Y.H.).
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Mohun
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Science (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., V.M., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Biostatistics Joint Research Office (P.B.), University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., M.T.E., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Cardiac Imaging Department (G.C., G.F., M.T.E., W.J.M., J.C.M.), Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom; Department of Developmental Biology, MRC National Institutes for Medical Research, Mill Hill, United Kingdom (T.J.M.); Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (C.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford Center for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Oxford, United Kingdom (V.M.F.); UCL Department for Cardiovascular Imaging, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom (V.M.); Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Roosevelt Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (M.V.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor (S.M.D.); Pediatric Cardiology Department, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (C.E.C.); Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.E.S.); Radiology and Imaging Sciences Department, National Institutes of Health/Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD (D.A.B.); and Cardiovascular Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (C.Y.H.).
authors.forename: Vimal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Science (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., V.M., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Biostatistics Joint Research Office (P.B.), University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., M.T.E., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Cardiac Imaging Department (G.C., G.F., M.T.E., W.J.M., J.C.M.), Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom; Department of Developmental Biology, MRC National Institutes for Medical Research, Mill Hill, United Kingdom (T.J.M.); Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (C.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford Center for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Oxford, United Kingdom (V.M.F.); UCL Department for Cardiovascular Imaging, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom (V.M.); Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Roosevelt Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (M.V.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor (S.M.D.); Pediatric Cardiology Department, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (C.E.C.); Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.E.S.); Radiology and Imaging Sciences Department, National Institutes of Health/Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD (D.A.B.); and Cardiovascular Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (C.Y.H.).
authors.forename: Chunming
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Science (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., V.M., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Biostatistics Joint Research Office (P.B.), University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., M.T.E., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Cardiac Imaging Department (G.C., G.F., M.T.E., W.J.M., J.C.M.), Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom; Department of Developmental Biology, MRC National Institutes for Medical Research, Mill Hill, United Kingdom (T.J.M.); Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (C.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford Center for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Oxford, United Kingdom (V.M.F.); UCL Department for Cardiovascular Imaging, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom (V.M.); Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Roosevelt Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (M.V.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor (S.M.D.); Pediatric Cardiology Department, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (C.E.C.); Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.E.S.); Radiology and Imaging Sciences Department, National Institutes of Health/Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD (D.A.B.); and Cardiovascular Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (C.Y.H.).
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bassett
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Science (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., V.M., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Biostatistics Joint Research Office (P.B.), University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., M.T.E., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Cardiac Imaging Department (G.C., G.F., M.T.E., W.J.M., J.C.M.), Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom; Department of Developmental Biology, MRC National Institutes for Medical Research, Mill Hill, United Kingdom (T.J.M.); Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (C.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford Center for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Oxford, United Kingdom (V.M.F.); UCL Department for Cardiovascular Imaging, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom (V.M.); Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Roosevelt Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (M.V.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor (S.M.D.); Pediatric Cardiology Department, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (C.E.C.); Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.E.S.); Radiology and Imaging Sciences Department, National Institutes of Health/Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD (D.A.B.); and Cardiovascular Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (C.Y.H.).
authors.forename: Gherardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Finocchiaro
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Science (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., V.M., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Biostatistics Joint Research Office (P.B.), University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., M.T.E., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Cardiac Imaging Department (G.C., G.F., M.T.E., W.J.M., J.C.M.), Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom; Department of Developmental Biology, MRC National Institutes for Medical Research, Mill Hill, United Kingdom (T.J.M.); Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (C.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford Center for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Oxford, United Kingdom (V.M.F.); UCL Department for Cardiovascular Imaging, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom (V.M.); Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Roosevelt Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (M.V.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor (S.M.D.); Pediatric Cardiology Department, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (C.E.C.); Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.E.S.); Radiology and Imaging Sciences Department, National Institutes of Health/Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD (D.A.B.); and Cardiovascular Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (C.Y.H.).
authors.forename: Vanessa M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Science (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., V.M., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Biostatistics Joint Research Office (P.B.), University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., M.T.E., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Cardiac Imaging Department (G.C., G.F., M.T.E., W.J.M., J.C.M.), Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom; Department of Developmental Biology, MRC National Institutes for Medical Research, Mill Hill, United Kingdom (T.J.M.); Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (C.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford Center for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Oxford, United Kingdom (V.M.F.); UCL Department for Cardiovascular Imaging, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom (V.M.); Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Roosevelt Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (M.V.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor (S.M.D.); Pediatric Cardiology Department, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (C.E.C.); Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.E.S.); Radiology and Imaging Sciences Department, National Institutes of Health/Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD (D.A.B.); and Cardiovascular Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (C.Y.H.).
authors.forename: Maite Tome
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Esteban
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Science (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., V.M., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Biostatistics Joint Research Office (P.B.), University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., M.T.E., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Cardiac Imaging Department (G.C., G.F., M.T.E., W.J.M., J.C.M.), Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom; Department of Developmental Biology, MRC National Institutes for Medical Research, Mill Hill, United Kingdom (T.J.M.); Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (C.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford Center for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Oxford, United Kingdom (V.M.F.); UCL Department for Cardiovascular Imaging, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom (V.M.); Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Roosevelt Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (M.V.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor (S.M.D.); Pediatric Cardiology Department, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (C.E.C.); Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.E.S.); Radiology and Imaging Sciences Department, National Institutes of Health/Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD (D.A.B.); and Cardiovascular Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (C.Y.H.).
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Muthurangu
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Science (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., V.M., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Biostatistics Joint Research Office (P.B.), University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., M.T.E., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Cardiac Imaging Department (G.C., G.F., M.T.E., W.J.M., J.C.M.), Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom; Department of Developmental Biology, MRC National Institutes for Medical Research, Mill Hill, United Kingdom (T.J.M.); Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (C.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford Center for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Oxford, United Kingdom (V.M.F.); UCL Department for Cardiovascular Imaging, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom (V.M.); Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Roosevelt Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (M.V.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor (S.M.D.); Pediatric Cardiology Department, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (C.E.C.); Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.E.S.); Radiology and Imaging Sciences Department, National Institutes of Health/Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD (D.A.B.); and Cardiovascular Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (C.Y.H.).
authors.forename: Mark V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Sherrid
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Science (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., V.M., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Biostatistics Joint Research Office (P.B.), University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., M.T.E., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Cardiac Imaging Department (G.C., G.F., M.T.E., W.J.M., J.C.M.), Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom; Department of Developmental Biology, MRC National Institutes for Medical Research, Mill Hill, United Kingdom (T.J.M.); Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (C.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford Center for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Oxford, United Kingdom (V.M.F.); UCL Department for Cardiovascular Imaging, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom (V.M.); Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Roosevelt Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (M.V.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor (S.M.D.); Pediatric Cardiology Department, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (C.E.C.); Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.E.S.); Radiology and Imaging Sciences Department, National Institutes of Health/Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD (D.A.B.); and Cardiovascular Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (C.Y.H.).
authors.forename: Sharlene M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Day
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Science (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., V.M., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Biostatistics Joint Research Office (P.B.), University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., M.T.E., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Cardiac Imaging Department (G.C., G.F., M.T.E., W.J.M., J.C.M.), Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom; Department of Developmental Biology, MRC National Institutes for Medical Research, Mill Hill, United Kingdom (T.J.M.); Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (C.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford Center for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Oxford, United Kingdom (V.M.F.); UCL Department for Cardiovascular Imaging, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom (V.M.); Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Roosevelt Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (M.V.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor (S.M.D.); Pediatric Cardiology Department, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (C.E.C.); Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.E.S.); Radiology and Imaging Sciences Department, National Institutes of Health/Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD (D.A.B.); and Cardiovascular Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (C.Y.H.).
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Canter
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Science (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., V.M., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Biostatistics Joint Research Office (P.B.), University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., M.T.E., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Cardiac Imaging Department (G.C., G.F., M.T.E., W.J.M., J.C.M.), Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom; Department of Developmental Biology, MRC National Institutes for Medical Research, Mill Hill, United Kingdom (T.J.M.); Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (C.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford Center for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Oxford, United Kingdom (V.M.F.); UCL Department for Cardiovascular Imaging, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom (V.M.); Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Roosevelt Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (M.V.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor (S.M.D.); Pediatric Cardiology Department, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (C.E.C.); Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.E.S.); Radiology and Imaging Sciences Department, National Institutes of Health/Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD (D.A.B.); and Cardiovascular Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (C.Y.H.).
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: McKenna
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Science (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., V.M., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Biostatistics Joint Research Office (P.B.), University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., M.T.E., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Cardiac Imaging Department (G.C., G.F., M.T.E., W.J.M., J.C.M.), Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom; Department of Developmental Biology, MRC National Institutes for Medical Research, Mill Hill, United Kingdom (T.J.M.); Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (C.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford Center for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Oxford, United Kingdom (V.M.F.); UCL Department for Cardiovascular Imaging, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom (V.M.); Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Roosevelt Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (M.V.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor (S.M.D.); Pediatric Cardiology Department, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (C.E.C.); Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.E.S.); Radiology and Imaging Sciences Department, National Institutes of Health/Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD (D.A.B.); and Cardiovascular Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (C.Y.H.).
authors.forename: Christine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Seidman
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Science (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., V.M., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Biostatistics Joint Research Office (P.B.), University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., M.T.E., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Cardiac Imaging Department (G.C., G.F., M.T.E., W.J.M., J.C.M.), Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom; Department of Developmental Biology, MRC National Institutes for Medical Research, Mill Hill, United Kingdom (T.J.M.); Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (C.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford Center for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Oxford, United Kingdom (V.M.F.); UCL Department for Cardiovascular Imaging, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom (V.M.); Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Roosevelt Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (M.V.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor (S.M.D.); Pediatric Cardiology Department, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (C.E.C.); Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.E.S.); Radiology and Imaging Sciences Department, National Institutes of Health/Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD (D.A.B.); and Cardiovascular Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (C.Y.H.).
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bluemke
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Science (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., V.M., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Biostatistics Joint Research Office (P.B.), University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., M.T.E., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Cardiac Imaging Department (G.C., G.F., M.T.E., W.J.M., J.C.M.), Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom; Department of Developmental Biology, MRC National Institutes for Medical Research, Mill Hill, United Kingdom (T.J.M.); Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (C.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford Center for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Oxford, United Kingdom (V.M.F.); UCL Department for Cardiovascular Imaging, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom (V.M.); Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Roosevelt Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (M.V.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor (S.M.D.); Pediatric Cardiology Department, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (C.E.C.); Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.E.S.); Radiology and Imaging Sciences Department, National Institutes of Health/Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD (D.A.B.); and Cardiovascular Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (C.Y.H.).
authors.forename: Perry M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Science (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., V.M., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Biostatistics Joint Research Office (P.B.), University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., M.T.E., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Cardiac Imaging Department (G.C., G.F., M.T.E., W.J.M., J.C.M.), Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom; Department of Developmental Biology, MRC National Institutes for Medical Research, Mill Hill, United Kingdom (T.J.M.); Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (C.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford Center for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Oxford, United Kingdom (V.M.F.); UCL Department for Cardiovascular Imaging, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom (V.M.); Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Roosevelt Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (M.V.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor (S.M.D.); Pediatric Cardiology Department, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (C.E.C.); Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.E.S.); Radiology and Imaging Sciences Department, National Institutes of Health/Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD (D.A.B.); and Cardiovascular Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (C.Y.H.).
authors.forename: Carolyn Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Science (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., V.M., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Biostatistics Joint Research Office (P.B.), University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases (G.C., L.R.L., V.P., M.T.E., W.J.M., P.M.E., J.C.M.) and Cardiac Imaging Department (G.C., G.F., M.T.E., W.J.M., J.C.M.), Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom; Department of Developmental Biology, MRC National Institutes for Medical Research, Mill Hill, United Kingdom (T.J.M.); Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (C.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford Center for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Oxford, United Kingdom (V.M.F.); UCL Department for Cardiovascular Imaging, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom (V.M.); Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Roosevelt Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (M.V.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor (S.M.D.); Pediatric Cardiology Department, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (C.E.C.); Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.E.S.); Radiology and Imaging Sciences Department, National Institutes of Health/Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD (D.A.B.); and Cardiovascular Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (C.Y.H.). j.moon@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Moon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000379:methods; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008131:London; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000473:pathology; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010641:Phenotype; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012518:Sarcomeres; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009124:Muscle Proteins
keywords: cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic; genetics; magnetic resonance imaging