title: Measurement of boar taint in porcine fat using a high-throughput gas chromatography-mass spectrometry protocol.
abstract: This work outlines an optimized gas chromatrography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based protocol for screening of the presence of the three boar-taint-producing compounds indole, skatole (3-methylindole), and androstenone (5α-androst-16-en-3-one) in porcine fat. The study shows that an accuracy suitable for sample screening can be achieved even when speed and ease of sample handling is prioritized and without the use of internal standards. The method provides levels of detection of 82 ng/g for indole, 97 ng/g for skatole, and 623 ng/g for androstenone (in a 2 g natural backfat matrix). A least-squares approach of predicting the sample analyte mass from instrument response is shown to have prediction errors (root-mean-square error) of 96 ng/g for indole, 94 ng/g for skatole, and 331.3 ng/g for androstenone. The method is intended for discrimination of samples in risk groups, and a scheme is proposed to turn the GC-MS response of the boar-taint analytes into risk classes.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, Department of Food Science, Spectroscopy & Chemometrics, University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1858 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Klavs M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.forename: Søren Balling
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Engelsen
mesh_terms: D000736:Androstenes / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D005223:Fats / Q000737:chemistry*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D007211:Indoles / Q000032:analysis*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D012862:Skatole / Q000032:analysis*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000736:Androstenes; D005223:Fats; D007211:Indoles; C000214:androst-16-en-3-one; C030374:indole; D012862:Skatole
keywords: GC-MS; androstenone (5α-androst-16-en-3-one); at-line; boar taint; discrimination; dynamic headspace; indole; skatole (3-methylindole); trap/purge