title: Growth characteristics of different heart cells on novel nanopatch substrate during electrical stimulation.
abstract: During a heart attack, the heart's oxygen supply is cut off, and cardiomyocytes perish. Unfortunately, once these tissues are lost, they cannot be replaced and results in cardiovascular disease-the leading cause of deaths worldwide. Advancements in medical research have been targeted to understand and combat the death of these cardiomyocytes. For example, new research (in vitro) has demonstrated that one can expand cardiomyocyte adhesion and proliferation using polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) (50:50 (weight percent)) supplemented with carbon nanofibers (CNFs) to create a cardiovascular patch. However, the examination of other cardiovascular cell types has not been investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this present in vitro study was to determine cell growth characteristics of three different important cardiovascular cell types (aortic endothelial, fibroblast and cardiomyocyte) onto the substrate. Cells were seeded onto different PLGA:CNF ratio composites to determine if CNF density has an effect on cell growth, both in static and electrically stimulated environments. During continuous electrical stimulation (rectangle, 2 nm, 5 V/cm, 1 Hz), cardiomyocyte cell density increased in comparison to its static counterparts after 24, 72 and 120 hours. A minor rise in Troponin I excretion in electrical stimulation compared to static conditions indicated nominal cardiomyocyte cell function during cell experiments. Endothelial and fibroblast cell growth experiments indicated the material hindered or stalled proliferation during both static and electrical stimulation experiments, thus supporting the growth of cardiomyocytes onto the dead tissue zone. Furthermore, the results specified that CNF density did have an effect on PLGA:CNF composite cytocompatibility properties with the best results coming from the 50:50 [PLGA:CNF (weight percent:weight percent)] composite. Therefore, this study provides further evidence that a conductive scaffold using nanotechnology should be further research for various cardiovascular applications.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope St., Box D, Providence RI 02906, USA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach CA 90840, USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Stout
authors.affiliation: Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, 91 Waterman Street Providence RI 02912, USA.
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Raimondo
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope St., Box D, Providence RI 02906, USA.
authors.forename: Giuliano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marostica
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Webster
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000145:classification / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000145:classification / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D051381:Rats; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid
keywords: Nanomaterials; carbon nanofiber; cardiomyocyte; cardiovascular patch; fibroblast