title: Targeting EGFR and sonic hedgehog pathways for locally advanced eyelid and periocular carcinomas.
abstract: For patients with metastatic or locally advanced eyelid and periocular carcinoma not amenable to surgical excision, targeted therapies have shown efficacy with better tolerability compared to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Overexpression of epithelial growth factor receptor was found in squamous cell carcinomas. Vismodegib targets the mutation in the hedgehog pathway identified in basal cell carcinoma and basal cell nevus syndrome. Targeted therapies provide a novel and potentially effective treatment alternative for patients with eyelid carcinoma not amendable for surgery, including those with metastatic, locally advanced disease, advanced age, and significant comorbidities. High cost, need for long-term treatment, and toxicity are relative limitations.
authors.affiliation: Vivian T Yin, Bita Esmaeli, Orbital Oncology and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery Program, Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
authors.forename: Vivian T
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Vivian T Yin, Bita Esmaeli, Orbital Oncology and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery Program, Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Merritt
authors.affiliation: Vivian T Yin, Bita Esmaeli, Orbital Oncology and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery Program, Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
authors.forename: Bita
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Esmaeli
keywords: Epithelial growth factor receptor inhibition; Periocular basal cell carcinoma; Periocular squamous cell carcinoma; Sonic hedgehog; Vismodegib