title: [The reliable treatment choice of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma and causes of operative bleeding].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To introduce the efficacy of three surgical options for juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) resection, and causes of operative bleeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of 36 JNAs,three surgical options were used to resect the tumor. There were 15 cases of Class I tumors , using endoscopic nasal cavity approach. Eighteen cases of class II tumors, via extended Caldwell-Luk incision, using the transantral-infratemporal fosse-nasal cavity combined approach for tumor resection. Three cases of class III tumors, the combined intracranial and extra-cranial approach was used to resect the tumor. Meanwhile, report six typical cases for reference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen (15/36) cases of class I tumors, 14 cases were completely resected for the first time without recurrence, 1 recurrence case was re-resected using the same approach. Eighteen (18/36) cases of class II tumors, 13 cases were completely resected for the first time without recurrence, 5 recurrence cases were re-resected totally. Three (3/36) cases of class III were not completely removed, and underwent about 40 Gy radiotherapy with good effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using these three surgical options can effectively remove different types of JNA. When necessary, the intracranial residue can use radiotherapy. Under direct vision to separate the tumor, and effective hemostasis play crucial roles for complete removal of the tumor.
authors.forename: Gongbiao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Zixiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Zheming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Wenhui
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Zhichun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jinmei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Aidong
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Shuzhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018322:Angiofibroma / Q000601:surgery*; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult