title: Surface functionalization of exosomes using click chemistry.
abstract: A method for conjugation of ligands to the surface of exosomes was developed using click chemistry. Copper-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (click chemistry) is ideal for biocojugation of small molecules and macromolecules to the surface of exosomes, due to fast reaction times, high specificity, and compatibility in aqueous buffers. Exosomes cross-linked with alkyne groups using carbodiimide chemistry were conjugated to a model azide, azide-fluor 545. Conjugation had no effect on the size of exosomes, nor was there any change in the extent of exosome adherence/internalization with recipient cells, suggesting the reaction conditions were mild on exosome structure and function. We further investigated the extent of exosomal protein modification with alkyne groups. Using liposomes with surface alkyne groups of a similar size and concentration to exosomes, we estimated that approximately 1.5 alkyne groups were present for every 150 kDa of exosomal protein.
authors.affiliation: Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States.
authors.forename: Tyson
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Smyth
authors.forename: Krastina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Petrova
authors.forename: Nicole M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Payton
authors.forename: Indushekhar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Persaud
authors.forename: Jasmina S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Redzic
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Graner
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Smith-Jones
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Anchordoquy
mesh_terms: D000480:Alkynes / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D001386:Azides / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D057930:Click Chemistry; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D061565:Cycloaddition Reaction; D055354:Exosomes / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000480:Alkynes; D001386:Azides; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D003300:Copper