title: Increased prevalence of albuminuria in individuals with higher range of impaired fasting glucose: the 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the prevalence of albuminuria across a range of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), including normal fasting glucose (NFG), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 5202 subjects who participated in the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were enrolled. Spot urine samples were taken and the albumin-creatinine ratio was calculated for each patient. Subjects were divided into five groups according to FPG levels: <5.0 (NFG1, n=1,905), 5.0-5.5 (NFG2, n=1,784), 5.6-6.0 (IFG1, n=727), 6.1-6.9 (IFG2, n=268), and ≥7.0 (diabetes, n=518) mmol/L. Analysis of covariance tests and logistic regression were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rates of albuminuria were 4.1%, 6.0%, 7.6%, 12.3%, and 23.4% in the NFG1, NFG2, IFG1, IFG2 and diabetes groups, respectively (P<0.01 for the trend). The rate of albuminuria in the IFG2 group was significantly higher than in the IFG1 group, even after adjustment for age, gender, hypertension, and obesity. The odds ratio for the presence of albuminuria in the IFG2 group was 1.87 (95% CI, 1.19-2.94), using the NFG1 group as a control in logistic regression analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Albuminuria is more prevalent in subjects in the higher range of IFG. Therefore, strategies to reduce albuminuria should be emphasized especially in these subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Chul
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Won
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Koyang, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Nyun
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Koyang, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Noh
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byoung Doo
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Koyang, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: djkim@paik.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Dong-Jun
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Chronic kidney disease; Diabetes; Impaired fasting glucose; Microalbuminuria