title: Removal of Silicone Oil From Intraocular Lens Using Novel Surgical Materials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To design, fabricate, and evaluate novel materials to remove silicone oil (SiO) droplets from intraocular lenses (IOL) during vitreoretinal surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three different designs were fabricated using soft lithography of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), three-dimensional (3D) inverse PDMS fabrication using water dissolvable particles, and atomic layer deposition (ALD) of alumina (Al2O3) on surgical cellulose fibers. Laboratory tests included static and dynamic contact angle (CA) measurements with water and SiO, nondestructive x-ray microcomputer tomography (micro-CT), and microscopy. SiO removal was performed in vitro and ex vivo using implantable IOLs and explanted porcine eyes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All designs exhibited enhanced hydrophobicity and oleophilicity. Static CA measurements with water ranged from 131° to 160° and with SiO CA approximately 0° in 120 seconds following exposure. Nondestructive x-ray analysis of the 3D PDMS showed presence of interconnected polydispersed porosity of 100 to 300 μm in diameter. SiO removal from IOLs was achieved in vitro and ex vivo using standard 20-G vitrectomy instrumentation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Removal of SiO from IOLs can be achieved using materials with lower surface energy than that of the IOLs. This can be achieved using appropriate surface chemistry and surface topography. Three designs, with enhanced hydrophobic properties, were fabricated and tested in vitro and ex vivo. All materials remove SiO within an aqueous environment. Preliminary ex vivo results were very promising, opening new possibilities for SiO removal in vitreoretinal surgeries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report of an instrument that can lead to successful removal of SiO from the surface of IOL. In addition to the use of this instrument/material in medicine it can also be used in the industry, for example, retrieval of oil spills from bodies of water.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Keratoprosthesis Laboratory and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Eleftherios I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Paschalis
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Keratoprosthesis Laboratory and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eliott
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Keratoprosthesis Laboratory and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Demetrios G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Vavvas
keywords: ALD; IOL; PDMS; lithography; oleophilicity; retinal detachment; silicone oil; super hydrophobicity; tamponade; vitrectomy