title: Seat surface inclination may affect postural stability during Boccia ball throwing in children with cerebral palsy.
abstract: The aim of the study was to examine how seat surface inclination affects Boccia ball throwing movement and postural stability among children with cerebral palsy (CP). Twelve children with bilateral spastic CP (3 with gross motor function classification system Level I, 5 with Level II, and 4 with Level III) participated in this study. All participants underwent pediatric reach tests and ball throwing performance analyses while seated on 15° anterior- or posterior-inclined, and horizontal surfaces. An electromagnetic motion analysis system was synchronized with a force plate to assess throwing motion and postural stability. The results of the pediatric reach test (p = 0.026), the amplitude of elbow movement (p = 0.036), peak vertical ground reaction force (PVGRF) (p < 0.001), and movement range of the center of pressure (COP) (p < 0.020) were significantly affected by seat inclination during throwing. Post hoc comparisons showed that anterior inclination allowed greater amplitude of elbow movement and PVGRF, and less COP movement range compared with the other inclines. Posterior inclination yielded less reaching distance and PVGRF, and greater COP movement range compared with the other inclines. The anterior-inclined seat yielded superior postural stability for throwing Boccia balls among children with bilateral spastic CP, whereas the posterior-inclined seat caused difficulty.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Sports Equipment Technology, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: ystsai@utaipei.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Yung-Shen
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: New Taipei Municipal Bali Junior High School, New Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Chen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, I-Lan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Po-Chang
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Early Intervention, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsin-Yi Kathy
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002648:Child; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007374:Interior Design and Furnishings; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Control; Motor activity; Rehabilitation