title: Outcomes of fecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase after transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae (PE) fecal carriage in patients that undergo transrectal ultrasonography-guided biopsy (TRUSbx) and its relationship with post-biopsy infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective clinical study in 4 different tertiary hospitals between 2008 and 2010 was conducted. Four hundred men with sterile urine who were to undergo a TRUSbx because of the suspicion of prostate cancer were included and followed for 14 days after biopsy. Rectal swab culture specimens were acquired immediately before the procedure. Demographic data, prophylaxis choice, quinolone or any other antibiotic consumption within the past 2 months, history of prostatitis, repeat biopsy, intensive care unit admission, hospitalization, urethral catheterization, diabetes mellitus (DM), and steroid usage were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ESBL carriage was detected in 19% of patients and quinolone use within the last 2 months; other antibiotic use within the last 2 months and DM were found to be significantly associated (P <.05). Symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) on the third day after biopsy was seen in 9% of patients and was associated with fluoroquinolone (FQ) consumption before biopsy. Although ESBL-PE carriage was associated with post-biopsy UTI symptoms, it was not found to be associated with post-biopsy symptomatic UTI. Urosepsis was seen in 2 patients (0.5%) after biopsy, and both the patients were ESBL-PE carriers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of ESBL-PE was associated with DM and FQ consumption before biopsy. ESBL-PE carriage was associated with a high rate of post-biopsy UTI symptoms requiring further elucidation; however, it was not associated with microbiologically proven infections. FQ consumption before TRUSbx was also associated with post-biopsy infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: drzafer@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tukenmez Tigen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Taksim Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zafer
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tandogdu
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Onder
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ergonul
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gulsen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Altinkanat
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bilal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gunaydin
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mahir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozgen
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Acibadem Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nevin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sariguzel
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Buket
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Erturk Sengel
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zekaver
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Odabasi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mete
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cek
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Resit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tokuc
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Turkeri
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Lutfiye
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mulazimoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Volkan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Korten
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001706:Biopsy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011467:Prostate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012007:Rectum / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014421:Turkey; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001618:beta-Lactamases