title: Addition of trunk restraint to home-based modified constraint-induced movement therapy does not bring additional benefits in chronic stroke individuals with mild and moderate upper limb impairments: A pilot randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  People with stroke excessively move their trunk, when reaching and grasping objects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if the addition of trunk restraint to modified constraint-induced movement therapy (mCIMT) was better than mCIMT alone in improving strength, function, and quality of life after stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pilot randomized double-blinded clinical trial was conducted. Twenty-two participants with chronic stroke were randomly assigned to an experimental group that received mCIMT plus trunk restraint, or a control group (only mCIMT). Primary outcomes were the amount of use and quality of movement of the paretic upper limb (UL), determined by the Motor Activity Log (MAL) scores. Secondary outcomes included the observed performance of the paretic UL during unimanual and bimanual tasks, kinematics of reaching, strength, and quality of life.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in the MAL scores and in the time to perform bimanual activities immediately after the interventions. However, no between-group differences were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of trunk restraint to mCIMT resulted in no additional benefits, compared with mCIMT alone with stroke individuals with mild to moderate impairments. Unimanual and bimanual improvements were observed after mCIMT, regardless of trunk restraint, and the intervention did not adversely affect their reaching patterns.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil Department of Physical Therapy, Centro Universitário Newton Paiva, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: R C M
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Michaelsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Polese
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Teixeira-Salmela
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D053580:Muscle Strength; D010291:Paresis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011788:Quality of Life; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D060726:Torso; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Stroke; constraint-induced movement therapy; randomized clinical trial; rehabilitation; trunk restraint