title: Effects of pioglitazone mediated activation of PPAR-γ on CIDEC and obesity related changes in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity is a metabolic disorder that can lead to high blood pressure, increased blood cholesterol and triglycerides, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus. The aim was to study the effects of pioglitazone mediated sensitization of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) on the relationship of Cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector C (CIDEC) with obesity related changes in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty C57B/L6 mice weighing 10-12g at 3 weeks of age were randomly divided into 3 groups. Mice in Group 1 were fed on normal diet (ND) while Group 2 mice were given high fat diet (HFD), and Group 3 mice were given high fat diet and treated with Pioglitazone (HFD+P). Body weight, length and level of blood sugar were measured weekly. Quantitative real-time PCR, fluorescence microscopy, and ELISA were performed to analyze the expression of CIDEC and PPAR-γ in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Body weight and length of mice increased gradually with time in all groups. Blood sugar in HFD mice started to increase significantly from the mid of late phase of obesity while pioglitazone attenuated blood sugar level in HFD+P mice. The mRNA expressions and protein levels of PPAR-γ and CIDEC genes started to increase in HFD mice as compared to ND mice and decreased gradually during the late phase of obesity in VAT. Pioglitazone enhanced the expression of PPAR-γ and CIDEC genes in HFD+P mice even during the late phase of obesity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is insinuated that VAT is associated with late phase obesity CIDEC decrease and insulin resistance, while pioglitazone enhances CIDEC through activation of PPAR-γ, increases its expression, and decreases lipolysis, hence preventing an increase of blood sugar in mice exposed to HFD.
authors.affiliation: Pediatrics Department, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Bilal Haider
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Shamsi
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department, The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chaofeng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Department, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Saima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naqvi
authors.affiliation: Pediatrics Department, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yanfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008066:Lipolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D047495:PPAR gamma; D011506:Proteins; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; C525805:fat-specific protein 27, mouse; D000077205:Pioglitazone