title: Dielectric properties of human liver from 10 Hz to 100 MHz: normal liver, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatic fibrosis and liver hemangioma.
abstract: The dielectric properties of human liver were determined by characterization of tissue absorption and coupling of electromagnetic energy in the electromagnetic field. In this study the ex-vivo dielectric properties of human hepatocellular carcinoma (well and moderately differentiated), liver hemangioma, hepatic fibrosis (stages S1 and S2), and normal liver tissue were measured and analyzed over the frequency range of 10 Hz to 100 MHz. The dielectric properties over the frequency range can reflect tissue information including biological macromolecules, vesicles, and cellular membrane; these information aids in distinguishing different physiological states and lesions. The ex-vivo conductivity, permittivity, resistivity, as well as the characteristic parameters between the lesions and normal liver were analyzed and their differences were also verified. The data can contribute to developing bioelectric applications for tissue diagnostics and creating more accurate computer models for medical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, 710032, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, 710032, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, 710032, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, 710032, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Qingguo
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, 710032, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Fusheng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, 710032, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, 710032, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, 710032, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Xuyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, 710032, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Xiuzhen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, 710032, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Xuetao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D058266:Dielectric Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000502:physiology*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: Dielectric property; characteristic parameters; hepatic fibrosis; liver cancer