title: German medical students' exposure and attitudes toward pharmaceutical promotion: a cross-sectional survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Early contact of medical students with pharmaceutical promotion has been shown in many international studies. We assessed the frequency and places of contact of German medical students to pharmaceutical promotion and examined their attitudes toward pharmaceutical promotional activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional survey was based on a self-developed questionnaire. It was distributed to all clinical students at the University of Goettingen Medical School in 2010. A 4-point rating scale was used to assess the attitudes toward different statements regarding pharmaceutical promotion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall response rate was 55% (702/1287). The proportion of students with direct contact to pharmaceutical sales representatives increased from 21% in the first clinical year up to 77% in the final year. 60% were contacted during their elective clerkship. 80% had accepted promotional gifts. 86% stated their prescribing behavior to be unsusceptible to the influence of accepting promotional gifts. However, 35% of the unsusceptible students assumed doctors to be susceptible. Almost all (90%) reported that dealing with pharmaceutical promotion was never addressed during lectures and 65% did not feel well prepared for interactions with the pharmaceutical industry. 19% agreed to prohibit contacts between medical students and the pharmaceutical industry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  German medical students get in contact with pharmaceutical promotion early and frequently. There is limited awareness for associated conflicts of interests. Medical schools need to regulate contacts and incorporate the topic in their curriculum to prepare students for interactions with the pharmaceutical industry.
authors.affiliation: Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Institut für Community Medicine, Abteilung Allgemeinmedizin, Greifswald, Deuschland.
authors.forename: Kristine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jahnke
authors.affiliation: Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Institut für Community Medicine, Abteilung Allgemeinmedizin, Greifswald, Deuschland.
authors.forename: Marcel Stephan
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kremer
authors.affiliation: Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Institut für Community Medicine, Abteilung Study of Health in Pomerania - Klinisch-epidemiologische Forschung (SHIP-KEF), Greifswald, Deuschland.
authors.forename: Carsten Oliver
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Institut für Allgemeinmedizin, Göttingen, Deutschland.
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kochen
authors.affiliation: Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Institut für Community Medicine, Abteilung Allgemeinmedizin, Greifswald, Deuschland.
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Chenot
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002982:Clinical Clerkship; D016265:Conflict of Interest; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004345:Drug Industry; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D033183:Interdisciplinary Communication; D008297:Male; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Germany; Pharmaceutical promotion; cross sectional survey; medical education; medical students