title: Involvement of IL‑10 and granulocyte colony‑stimulating factor in the fate of monocytes controlled by galectin‑1.
abstract: The process of differentiation from monocytes to dendritic cells is critical in immune modulation. Monocyte apoptosis is a key regulator in balancing the immune response. Galectin‑1 has been reported to induce tolerogenic dendritic cells by the autocrine interleukin (IL)‑10 in monocytes. However, IL‑10 has been found to induce apoptosis in IL‑4/granulocyte macrophage colony‑stimulating factor (CSF) stimulating and non‑stimulating monocytes, whereas galectin‑1 has not. After analyzing the factors secreted by galectin-1-activated CD14 monocytes isolated from the peripheral blood, the present study revealed that galectin‑1 upregulates IL‑10 and granulocyte (G)-CSF expression. Furthermore, G‑CSF inhibited IL‑10‑induced apoptosis, implying that galectin‑1 may enhance the immune‑modulating functions of G‑CSF by inducing tolerogenic dendritic cells and maintaining their survival. Therefore, G‑CSF may be further applied in immune therapy, particularly in the IL‑10‑presenting microenvironment.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Da-En
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Wei-An
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Jen-Yu
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Ming-Shyan
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Po-Lin
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Kuo
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D037483:Galectin 1 / Q000502:physiology*; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000502:physiology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D037483:Galectin 1; C508609:IL10 protein, human; C445499:LGALS1 protein, human; D016753:Interleukin-10; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor