title: Consumer attitudes and preferences for fresh market tomatoes.
abstract: This study established attractive attributes and consumer desires for fresh tomatoes. Three focus groups (n = 28 participants) were conducted to explore how consumers perceived tomatoes, including how they purchased and consumed them. Subsequently, an Adaptive Choice Based Conjoint (ACBC) survey was conducted to understand consumer preferences toward traditional tomatoes. The ACBC survey with Kano questions (n = 1037 consumers in Raleigh, NC) explored the importance of color, firmness, size, skin, texture, interior, seed presence, flavor, and health benefits. The most important tomato attribute was color, then juice when sliced, followed by size, followed by seed presence, which was at parity with firmness. An attractive tomato was red, firm, medium/small sized, crisp, meaty, juicy, flavorful, and with few seeds. Deviations from these features resulted in a tomato that was rejected by consumers. Segmentations of consumers were determined by patterns in utility scores. External attributes were the main drivers of tomato liking, but different groups of tomato consumers exist with distinct preferences for juiciness, firmness, flavor, and health benefits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conjoint analysis is a research technique that collects a large amount of data from consumers in a format designed to be reflective of a real life market setting and can be combined with qualitative insight from focus groups to gain information on consumer consumption and purchase behaviors. This study established that the most important fresh tomato attributes were color, amount of juice when sliced, and size. Distinct consumer clusters were differentiated by preference for color/appearance, juiciness and firm texture. Tomato growers can utilize the results to target attributes that drive consumer choice for fresh tomatoes.
authors.affiliation: Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Dept., North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC, 27695, U.S.A.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Oltman
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jervis
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Drake
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003116:Color; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences; D006801:Humans; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010465:Perception; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013649:Taste
keywords: conjoint; consumer preference; focus group Kano; tomato