title: Review of global rotavirus strain prevalence data from six years post vaccine licensure surveillance: is there evidence of strain selection from vaccine pressure?
abstract: Comprehensive reviews of pre licensure rotavirus strain prevalence data indicated the global importance of six rotavirus genotypes, G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], G4P[8], G9P[8] and G12P[8]. Since 2006, two vaccines, the monovalent Rotarix (RV1) and the pentavalent RotaTeq (RV5) have been available in over 100 countries worldwide. Of these, 60 countries have already introduced either RV1 or RV5 in their national immunization programs. Post licensure vaccine effectiveness is closely monitored worldwide. This review aimed at describing the global changes in rotavirus strain prevalence over time. The genotype distribution of the nearly 47,000 strains that were characterized during 2007-2012 showed similar picture to that seen in the preceding period. An intriguing finding was the transient predominance of heterotypic strains, mainly in countries using RV1. Unusual and novel antigen combinations continue to emerge, including some causing local outbreaks, even in vaccinated populations. In addition, vaccine strains have been found in both vaccinated infants and their contacts and there is evidence for genetic interaction between vaccine and wild-type strains. In conclusion, the post-vaccine introduction strain prevalence data do not show any consistent pattern indicative of selection pressure resulting from vaccine use, although the increased detection rate of heterotypic G2P[4] strains in some countries following RV1 vaccination is unusual and this issue requires further monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Renáta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dóró
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: Brigitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: László
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Vito
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martella
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Eyal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leshem
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gentsch
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Umesh
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Parashar
authors.affiliation: Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: bkrota@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Krisztián
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bányai
mesh_terms: D004403:Dysentery / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D005838:Genotype; D062306:Geography, Medical; D014943:Global Health; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000266:history / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D062211:Spatio-Temporal Analysis; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines
keywords: Genotype; RotaTeq; Rotarix; Rotavirus; Surveillance