title: Better detection of platelet aggregation in patients with metabolic syndrome using epinephrine and ADP.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) often have increased platelet aggregation. In order to determine which concentration detects a higher level of platelet aggregation in patients with MS, the agonists ADP and epinephrine were compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 56 subjects with MS and 53 healthy subjects. Blood pressure, weight, body-mass index, and hip-to-waist ratio were collected from all subjects. Insulin, glucose, total serum cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, total triglycerides, markers of plasma atherogenicity, and indices of insulin resistance were measured in all participants. For aggregometry assays, the Born method was used. Platelets were treated with ADP and epinephrine in decreasing concentrations of 2.34, 1.17, and 0.58 μM, as well as, 11.0, 1.1, and 0.55 μM, respectively. ROC curves were plotted to define the diagnostic efficiency of epinephrine levels for MS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among healthy individuals and MS patients significant differences were observed in body weight, body-mass index, waist-circumference, levels of insulin, indices of insulin resistance, and levels of HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and total triglycerides. There was a significant difference in the detection of increased platelet aggregation using 11.0 μM and 0.55 μM epinephrine and 0.58 μM ADP. With both agonists, ROC analysis showed an area under the curve of >0.8 for 11.0 μM epinephrine and 2.34 μM ADP. However, for MS patients, 11.0 μM epinephrine had a slightly better diagnostic efficiency than 2.34 μM ADP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was found that 11.0 μM epinephrine and 2.34 μM ADP detected better platelet aggregation in patients with MS than in healthy subject. Both concentrations detected increased platelet aggregation in patients with MS.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigacion UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma Benito Juarez de Oaxaca, CIMUU, Zaragoza, 213, Oaxaca, Mexico ; Laboratorio de Patologia Clinica "Dr. Eduardo Pérez Ortega, Oaxaca, Mexico.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perez-Campos-Mayoral
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigacion UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma Benito Juarez de Oaxaca, CIMUU, Zaragoza, 213, Oaxaca, Mexico ; Laboratorio de Patologia Clinica "Dr. Eduardo Pérez Ortega, Oaxaca, Mexico ; Unidad de Bioquimica e Inmunologia Instituto Tecnologico de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pérez-Campos
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigacion UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma Benito Juarez de Oaxaca, CIMUU, Zaragoza, 213, Oaxaca, Mexico ; Departamento de Bioquimica, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Kragujevac, DF Mexico.
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zenteno
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Trombosis, Hemostasia y Aterogenesis, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Majluf-Cruz
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Patologia Clinica "Dr. Eduardo Pérez Ortega, Oaxaca, Mexico.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Perez-Ortega
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigacion UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma Benito Juarez de Oaxaca, CIMUU, Zaragoza, 213, Oaxaca, Mexico ; Laboratorio de Patologia Clinica "Dr. Eduardo Pérez Ortega, Oaxaca, Mexico.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Matias-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigacion UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma Benito Juarez de Oaxaca, CIMUU, Zaragoza, 213, Oaxaca, Mexico.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Rodal-Canales
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigacion UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma Benito Juarez de Oaxaca, CIMUU, Zaragoza, 213, Oaxaca, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martínez-Cruz
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigacion UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma Benito Juarez de Oaxaca, CIMUU, Zaragoza, 213, Oaxaca, Mexico.
authors.forename: Socorro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pina-Canseco
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigacion UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma Benito Juarez de Oaxaca, CIMUU, Zaragoza, 213, Oaxaca, Mexico.
authors.forename: Miguel Angel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Reyes Franco
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigacion UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma Benito Juarez de Oaxaca, CIMUU, Zaragoza, 213, Oaxaca, Mexico ; Unidad de Bioquimica e Inmunologia Instituto Tecnologico de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mayoral Andrade
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigacion UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma Benito Juarez de Oaxaca, CIMUU, Zaragoza, 213, Oaxaca, Mexico.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigacion UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma Benito Juarez de Oaxaca, CIMUU, Zaragoza, 213, Oaxaca, Mexico.
authors.forename: Belem
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gallegos
keywords: ADP; Epinephrine; Metabolic syndrome; Platelets