title: Functional significance of mononuclear phagocyte populations generated through adult hematopoiesis.
abstract: Tissue homeostasis requires a complete repertoire of functional macrophages in peripheral tissues. Recent evidence indicates that many resident tissue macrophages are seeded during embryonic development and persist through adulthood as a consequence of localized proliferation. Mononuclear phagocytes are also produced during adult hematopoiesis; these cells are then recruited to sites throughout the body, where they function in tissue repair and remodeling, resolution of inflammation, maintenance of homeostasis, and disease progression. The focus of this review is on mononuclear phagocytes that comprise the nonresident monocyte/macrophage populations in the body. Key features of monocyte differentiation are presented, focusing primarily on the developmental hierarchy that is established through this process, the markers used to identify discrete cell populations, and novel, functional attributes of these cells. These features are then explored in the context of the tumor microenvironment, where mononuclear phagocytes exhibit extensive plasticity in phenotype and function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Gutknecht
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA ahb8y@virginia.edu.
authors.forename: Amy H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Bouton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000950:Antigens, Ly / Q000032:analysis; D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; D019070:Cell Lineage; D002465:Cell Movement; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000502:physiology; D006410:Hematopoiesis; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000196:embryology / Q000276:immunology; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007249:Inflammation; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000502:physiology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D009000:Monocytes / Q000145:classification / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D009928:Organ Specificity; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment
chemical_list: D000950:Antigens, Ly; D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; C471885:Cx3cr1 protein, mouse; D016207:Cytokines; C494192:Ly-6C antigen, mouse; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
keywords: MDSC; monocyte differentiation; tumor microenvironment