title: Diagnosis and treatment of pediatric osteoporosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Progress toward identifying and treating disorders of bone fragility in pediatric patients has been considerable in recent years. This article will summarize several key advances in the management of osteoporosis in children and adolescents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recommendations from the 2013 pediatric Position Development Conference provide expert guidance for evaluating bone health in younger patients. The diagnosis of pediatric osteoporosis can be made in a child with low-trauma vertebral fractures or a combination of low bone mass and long bone fractures. Management of bone fragility includes optimizing nutrition, activity, and treatment of the underlying disease. Pharmacologic agents can be considered if these measures fail to prevent further bone loss or fractures. Although the efficacy and safety of several intravenous and oral bisphosphonates have been examined, there is still no consensus on the optimal drug, dose, or duration of treatment. Observational studies of children with secondary osteoporosis provide insight into risk factors for fracture or the potential for recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric osteoporosis, more research is needed. Randomized controlled trials of pharmacologic agents should be defined to target those identified at the highest risk by observational studies.
  http://links.lww.com/COE/A9
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Laura K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Bachrach
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000293:Adolescent; D015519:Bone Density; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011379:Prognosis; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates