title: An enhanced sensitive electrochemical immunosensor based on efficient encapsulation of enzyme in silica matrix for the detection of human immunodeficiency virus p24.
abstract: We report a new electrochemical immunosensor for enhanced sensitive detection of human immunodeficiency virus p24 (HIV-p24) based on graphene oxide (GO) as a nanocarrier and enzyme encapsulated in carbon nanotubes-silica as a matrix in a multienzyme amplification strategy. Greatly enhanced sensitivity was achieved by using the bioconjugates featuring horseradish peroxidase-HIV-p24 signal antibody (HRP-HIV-p24) linked to functionalized GO and thionine (TH) as well as efficient encapsulation of enzyme (HRP) in the silica matrix with retained bioactivity. After a sandwich immunoreactions, the HRP in carbon nanotubes-silica matrix and the HRP-HIV-p24-TH/GO captured onto the electrode surface produced an amplified electrocatalytic response by the reduction of enzymatically oxidized thionine in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The increase of response current was proportional to the HIV-p24 concentration in the range of 0.5 pg/mL-8.5 ng/mL with the detection limit of 0.15 pg/mL, which was lower than that of the traditional sandwich electrochemical measurement for HIV-p24. The amplified immunoassay developed in this work shows acceptable stability and reproducibility, and the assay results for HIV-p24 spiked in human plasma also show good accuracy. This simple and low-cost immunosensor shows great promise for detection of other proteins and clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yi-Shan
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xin-Jian
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: wanglsh@scut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Li-Shi
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ju-Fang
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D006046:Gold; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D006108:Graphite; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase
keywords: Electrochemical immunosensor; Graphene oxide; Human immunodeficiency virus p24; Multiwalled carbon nanotubes; Silica matrix