title: Ophthalmic injuries in orbito-zygomatic fractures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the frequency and severity of ophthalmic injuries in patients with orbito-zygomatic fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oral and Maxillofacial Department, KEMU/Mayo Hospital Lahore, from January 2009 to December 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with orbito-zygomatic fractures were divided into three groups. Group-1 patients had fracture of floor/medial wall of the orbit (orbital-blow out fracture). Group-2 had comminuted orbito-zygomatic fractures. Group-3 had simple zygomatic bone fractures. Frequency and types of ocular injuries were determined on each group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 296 (260 male, 36 female) patients with mean age of 31.7 years. Group-1 (n = 20) had 28 ocular findings in 12 (60%) patients including diplopia (n = 10, 36%), enophthalmos (n = 6, 14%), and hyphema, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal hemorrhage, choroidal rupture, traumatic mydriasis, and commotio retinae in 2 cases, 7% each. In Group-2 (n = 106), 44 ocular findings were identified in 30 (28%) patients including diplopia (n = 10, 23%), enophthalmos (n = 4, 9%), commotio retinae (n = 10, 23%), reduced visual acuity (n = 6, 14%), retinal hemorrhage (n = 4, 9%) and corneal laceration, corneal abrasion, retinal detachment, traumatic mydriasis, and canthal laceration in 2 cases, 4.5%. In Group-3 (n = 170), 22 ocular findings were seen in 16 (9%) patients included diplopia (n = 10, 45%), enophthalmos (n = 4, 18%), and retinal tear, hyphema, angle recession, and traumatic mydriasis in 2 cases, (9%) each.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ophthalmic injuries are a common complication of orbitozygomatic fractures occurring in about 20% of patients in this study, most frequent in the orbital blow fractures subgroup. Ophthalmology consultation is recommended for patients presenting with midface fractures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, KEMU / Mayo Hospital, Lahore.
authors.forename: Nabeela
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Riaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, KEMU / Mayo Hospital, Lahore.
authors.forename: Asad Aizaz
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Chatha
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Punjab Health Department, Lahore.
authors.forename: Riaz Ahmad
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Warraich
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, KEMU / Mayo Hospital, Lahore.
authors.forename: Saba
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hanif
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, LUMHS, Hyderabad.
authors.forename: Kashif Ali
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Chinar
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, KEMU / Mayo Hospital, Lahore.
authors.forename: Shammas Raza
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D004172:Diplopia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006988:Hyphema; D022125:Lacerations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity; D055815:Young Adult; D015051:Zygomatic Fractures / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery