title: Surgical management of bone metastases: quality of evidence and systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical management of metastatic bone disease (MBD) is typically reserved for lesions with the highest risk of fracture. However, the high risk of perioperative complications associated with surgery may outweigh the benefits of improved pain and/or function. The goal of this study was to (1) assess the quality of current evidence in this domain; (2) confirm that surgical management of metastases to the long bones and pelvis/acetabulum provides pain relief and improved function; and (3) assess perioperative morbidity and mortality rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a systematic review of the literature for clinical studies that reported pain relief and function outcomes, as well as perioperative complications and mortality, in patients with MBD to the long bones and/or pelvis/acetabulum treated surgically. Multiple databases were searched up to January 2012. Pooled weighted proportions are reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-five studies were included in the final analysis, with 807 patients. All included studies were level IV with 'moderate' overall quality of evidence using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies scale. Pain relief following surgical management of metastases was 93, 91, and 93 % in the humerus, femur, and pelvis/acetabulum, respectively. Maintained or improved function after surgery was seen in 94, 89, and 94 % in the humerus, femur, and pelvis/acetabulum, respectively. Perioperative complications and mortality were 17 and 4 %, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the inherent limitations of the current evidence, a benefit for the surgical management of bone metastases to the long bones and pelvis/acetabulum is evident; however, there is still substantial risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality that should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Racano
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.forename: Forough
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Farrokhyar
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghert
authors.forename: Benjamin M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Deheshi
mesh_terms: D000077:Acetabulum / Q000601:surgery; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005269:Femur / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006811:Humerus / Q000601:surgery; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods; D059408:Pain Management; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome