title: Neural mechanisms of inhibitory control continue to mature in adolescence.
abstract: Inhibition is a fundamental executive function necessary for self-management of behaviour. The ability to withhold prepotent responses shows protracted development, extending through childhood and into adulthood. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG) with co-registered MRI, the spatiotemporal neural processes involved in inhibitory control were examined in 15 adolescents and 15 adults during a Go/No-go task. Two tasks were run that contained inverse ratios of Go to No-go trials for the experimental (2:1) and control conditions (1:2). Using vector beamforming, images of neural activation between No-go and Go trials were compared for both age-groups and revealed recruitment of the right inferior frontal gyrus in adults (BA 45; 200-250ms), but delayed recruitment of the left inferior frontal gyri in adolescents (BA 45; 250-300ms). Left anticipatory-related activity near the hand motor region (BA 6) was present in both adolescents and adults, but for a longer duration in adults. Adolescents additionally recruited the right middle and superior temporal gyri (BA21, BA22), while adults engaged the right temporal gyrus (BA41) but for a much briefer duration. These findings of delayed recruitment of canonical inhibitory control areas with supplementary and prolonged involvement of temporal areas in adolescents compared to adults indicate an immature inhibitory network even in adolescence.
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada; Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Centre, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Anjili S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Vara
authors.affiliation: Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Elizabeth W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada; Unité CNRS 3521, Université Paris Descartes, France.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.affiliation: Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada; Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Centre, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Evdokia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Anagnostou
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada; Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. Electronic address: margot.taylor@sickkids.ca.
authors.forename: Margot J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D015225:Magnetoencephalography; D008297:Male; D011930:Reaction Time; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adolescence; Go/No-go task; Inferior frontal gyri; Inhibitory control; Magnetoencephalography (MEG)