title: Single-walled carbon nanotube and graphene nanodelivery of gambogic acid increases its cytotoxicity in breast and pancreatic cancer cells.
abstract: Graphene and single-walled carbon nanotubes were used to deliver the natural low-toxicity drug gambogic acid (GA) to breast and pancreatic cancer cells in vitro, and the effectiveness of this complex in suppressing cellular integrity was assessed. Cytotoxicity was assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release, mitochondria dehydrogenase activity, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, DNA fragmentation, intracellular lipid content, and membrane permeability/caspase activity. The nanomaterials showed no toxicity at the concentrations used, and the antiproliferative effects of GA were significantly enhanced by nanodelivery. The results suggest that these complexes inhibit human breast and pancreatic cancer cells grown in vitro. This analysis represents a first step toward assessing their effectiveness in more complex, targeted, nanodelivery systems.
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA.
authors.forename: Lamya M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Saeed
authors.forename: Meena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahmood
authors.forename: Sebastian J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Pyrek
authors.forename: Tariq
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fahmi
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Thikra
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mustafa
authors.forename: Zeid A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Nima
authors.forename: Stacie M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bratton
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Casciano
authors.forename: Enkeleda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dervishi
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Radominska-Pandya
authors.forename: Alexandru S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Biris
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms; D044004:Xanthones / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D044004:Xanthones; D006108:Graphite; C052659:gambogic acid; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase
keywords: Breast cancer; Cancer nanotechnology; Gambogic Acid; Graphene; Nanodelivery; Pancreatic cancer; Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes