title: Nonequilibrium stationary states of 3D self-gravitating systems.
abstract: Three-dimensional self-gravitating systems do not evolve to thermodynamic equilibrium but become trapped in nonequilibrium quasistationary states. In this Letter, we present a theory which allows us to a priori predict the particle distribution in a final quasistationary state to which a self-gravitating system will evolve from an initial condition which is isotropic in particle velocities and satisfies a virial constraint 2K=-U, where K is the total kinetic energy, and U is the potential energy of the system.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 15051, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda P C
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Benetti
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 15051, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ribeiro-Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 15051, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pakter
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 15051, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Levin