title: Tolerance and efficacy of emamectin benzoate and ivermectin for the treatment of Pseudocapillaria tomentosa in laboratory zebrafish (Danio rerio).
abstract: Tolerance of adult zebrafish and efficacy of emamectin benzoate and ivermectin in eliminating Pseudocapillaria tomentosa infection were evaluated. In the tolerance study, behavioral changes, fecundity, histopathology, and mortality were evaluated for in-feed administration of emamectin (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25 mg/kg) and ivermectin (0.05 and 0.10 mg/kg). All doses of emamectin were well tolerated. Ivermectin 0.05 mg/kg administration resulted in mild behavioral changes and a transient decrease in fecundity. Ivermectin 0.10 mg/kg administration resulted in severe behavioral changes and some mortality. In the efficacy study, emamectin (0.05 and 0.25 mg/kg) and ivermectin (0.05 mg/kg) were evaluated for their efficacy in eliminating P. tomentosa infection. Emamectin reduced parasite burden in infected zebrafish, and ivermectin eliminated intestinal nematode infections. Despite a small margin of safety, ivermectin 0.05 mg/kg was effective at eliminating P. tomentosa infection in adult zebrafish. Higher doses or a longer course of treatment may be needed for complete elimination of P. tomentosa infection using emamectin. In this study, we propose two possible treatments for intestinal nematode infections in zebrafish.
authors.affiliation: 1 Tri-Institutional Training Program in Laboratory Animal Medicine and Science, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, The Rockefeller University , New York, New York.
authors.forename: Chereen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Collymore
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Watral
authors.forename: Julie R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Colvin
authors.forename: Skye
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: Ravi J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Tolwani
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kent
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000969:Antinematodal Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017189:Enoplida Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D014259:Trichuroidea / Q000187:drug effects*; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: D000969:Antinematodal Agents; D007559:Ivermectin; C108024:emamectin benzoate