title: Factors contributing to caregivers' stress and burden in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the main determinants of burden and stress in caregivers of Spanish Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-hundred and twenty-one non-demented patients with PD (57.9% males; 70.9 ± 8.2 years old) were included in this cross-sectional, monocenter, evaluation study. Caregivers (n = 121; 71.9% females; 60.2 ± 15 years old) were assessed using the Zarit Caregiver Burden Inventory (ZCBI) and Caregiver Strain Index (CSI). Multiple linear regression methods were used to evaluate factors contributing to caregivers' stress and burden: (i) PD motor dysfunction (ON-state Hoehn & Yahr/Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale [UPDRS] part III and motor complications [UPDRS part IV]); (ii) Mood (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]); (iii) Non-motor symptoms (Non-Motor Symptoms Scale [NMSS]); (iv) Disability (Schwab & England Activities of Daily Living Scale [ADLS]); and (v) Socio-demographic and other disease-related variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Zarit Caregiver Burden Inventory and CSI mean scores were 16 ± 13.9 and 2.1 ± 2.3, respectively. High correlation was found between ZCBI and CSI (r = 0.819; P < 0.0001). Moderate to severe burden (ZCBI > 40) was present in 9.1% of caregivers; 5.8% had high levels of stress (CSI ≥ 7). Moderate to strong correlations were observed between patient-related variables (Hoehn&Yahr, UPDRS-III, UPDRS-IV, BDI, NMSS, and ADLS) and ZCBI and CSI (P < 0.0001). Linear regression methods showed that ADLS had the strongest influence on ZCBI and CSI, followed by BDI on ZCBI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Disability (ADLS) and mood (BDI) of patients with PD are the main factors contributing to burden and stress in caregivers.
authors.affiliation: Section of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol (CHUF), Hospital A. Marcide, Ferrol, Spain.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Santos-García
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de la Fuente-Fernández
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000191:economics; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life; D013030:Spain; D013315:Stress, Psychological
keywords: Parkinson's disease; burden; caregiver; daily living activities; depression; quality of life