title: [Effect of extremely low frequency magnetic field on glutathione in rat muscles].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Free radicals (FR) are atoms, molecules or their fragments. Their excess leads to the development of oxidizing stress, the cause of many neoplastic, neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases, and aging of the organism. Industrial pollution, tobacco smoke, ionizing radiation, ultrasound and magnetic field are the major FR exogenous sources. The low frequency magnetic field is still more commonly applied in the physical therapy. The aim of the presented study was to evaluate the effect of extremely low frequency magnetic field used in the magnetotherapy on the level of total glutathione, oxidized and reduced, and the redox state of the skeletal muscle cells, depending on the duration of exposure to magnetic field.
  
  
  METHODS
  The male rats, weight of 280-300 g, were randomly devided into 3 experimental groups: controls (group I) and treatment groups exposed to extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) (group II exposed to 40 Hz, 7 mT for 0.5 h/day for 14 days and group III exposed to 40 Hz, 7 mT for 1 h/day for 14 days). Control rats were kept in a separate room not exposed to extremely low frequency magnetic field. Immediately after the last exposure, part of muscles was taken under pentobarbital anesthesia. Total glutathione, oxidized and reduced, and the redox state in the muscle tissue of animals were determined after exposure to magnetic fields.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure to low magnetic field: 40 Hz, 7 mT for 30 min/day and 60 min/day for 2 weeks significantly increased the total glutathione levels in the skeletal muscle compared to the control group (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to magnetic fields used in the magnetic therapy plays an important role in the development of adaptive mechanisms responsible for maintaining the oxidation-reduction balance in the body and depends on exposure duration.
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ciejka
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jakubowska
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zelechowska
authors.forename: Halina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huk-Kolega
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kowalczyk
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goraca
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D005978:Glutathione