title: Relationship of Advanced Glycation End Products With Cardiovascular Disease in Menopausal Women.
abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents the most significant cause of death in postmenopausal women. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed by nonenzymatic modification of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids by glucose. This review focuses on the contribution of AGEs and their receptors to the development of CVD in menopause. Advanced glycation end products circulate and activate the proinflammatory endothelial cell surface receptor called RAGE, bind to the extracellular matrix of the cardiovascular system, or bind to the circulating anti-inflammatory soluble form of RAGE (sRAGE). Data emerging from human and animal studies suggest that AGEs and both receptors (RAGE and sRAGE) are implicated in the pathophysiology of CVD. Particular emphasis has been given to the role of AGE-RAGE axis in oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial cell toxicity, and progression of atherosclerosis in menopause. Data accruing from human and animal studies suggest that RAGE expression level and circulating sRAGE level are associated with estradiol and are correlated with CVD risk factors, such as adiposity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. By recognizing the impact of AGEs on atherosclerosis, pharmacological strategies targeting the AGE-RAGE pathway hold therapeutic potential for CVD in menopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Independent Consultant, Specialist in Gynecology and Obstetrics, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pertynska-Marczewska
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA zom00@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Zaher
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Merhi
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006146:Guanidines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C000593871:AGER protein, human; D002934:Cinnamates; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D006146:Guanidines; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; C029010:cinnamic acid; C004479:pimagedine
keywords: RAGE; advanced glycation end products; atherosclerosis; cardiovascular disease; menopause; sRAGE