title: Validation of the brief cognitive symptoms index in Sjögren syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Brief Cognitive Symptoms Inventory (BCSI) is a short, self-report scale designed to measure cognitive symptomatology in patients with rheumatic disease. To facilitate research and clinical practice, we tested the internal consistency and validity of the BCSI in patients with Sjögren syndrome (SS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who met the American-European Consensus Group criteria for SS and healthy controls completed a questionnaire assessing symptoms including cognitive complaints. We calculated Cronbach's alpha to assess internal consistency and Pearson correlation coefficients to test for association between BCSI, symptoms, and demographic variables. Total score distribution was analyzed to establish cutoff criteria for differentiation of case versus non-case. We compared neuropsychological outcomes of patients with SS above and below the threshold BCSI score to assess the association of cognitive symptoms with objective cognitive deficits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete data were available on 144 patients with SS and 35 controls. Internal consistency of the BCSI was good. Scores were similar in all patient groups and patients reported more cognitive symptoms than controls (p < 0.0001). BCSI scores correlated moderately with pain, depression, anxiety, fatigue, and health quality. High scores for cognitive dysfunction were reported by 20% of the patients with SS and only 3% of controls. Patients with cognitive scores > 50 had more depression, fatigue, pain (effect size all > 1), and worse performance on multiple cognitive domains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The BCSI should be a useful tool for the study of cognitive symptoms in SS. Both self-report and standardized tests should be considered in screening for cognitive disorders in SS.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine, and Department of Oral Surgery, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry; Minnesota Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.B.M. Segal, MD, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota; N. Rhodus, DDS, Department of Oral Surgery, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry; K.L. Moser Sivils, PhD, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation; C.A. Solid, PhD, Minnesota Medical Research Foundation. segal017@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Barbara M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Segal
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine, and Department of Oral Surgery, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry; Minnesota Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.B.M. Segal, MD, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota; N. Rhodus, DDS, Department of Oral Surgery, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry; K.L. Moser Sivils, PhD, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation; C.A. Solid, PhD, Minnesota Medical Research Foundation.
authors.forename: Nelson
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rhodus
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine, and Department of Oral Surgery, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry; Minnesota Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.B.M. Segal, MD, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota; N. Rhodus, DDS, Department of Oral Surgery, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry; K.L. Moser Sivils, PhD, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation; C.A. Solid, PhD, Minnesota Medical Research Foundation.
authors.forename: Kathy L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Moser Sivils
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine, and Department of Oral Surgery, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry; Minnesota Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.B.M. Segal, MD, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota; N. Rhodus, DDS, Department of Oral Surgery, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry; K.L. Moser Sivils, PhD, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation; C.A. Solid, PhD, Minnesota Medical Research Foundation.
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Solid
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005221:Fatigue / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; SELF-REPORT; SJÖGREN SYNDROME