title: Emerging roles of secreted phospholipase A2 enzymes: the 3rd edition.
abstract: Within the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) superfamily, secreted PLA2 (sPLA2) enzymes comprise the largest family that contains 11 to 12 mammalian isoforms with a conserved His-Asp catalytic dyad. Individual sPLA2s exhibit unique tissue and cellular localizations and specific enzymatic properties, suggesting distinct biological roles. Individual sPLA2s are involved in diverse biological events through lipid mediator-dependent or -independent processes and act redundantly or non-redundantly in a given microenvironment. In the past few years, new biological aspects of sPLA2s have been clarified using their transgenic and knockout mouse lines in combination with mass spectrometric lipidomics to unveil their target substrates and products in vivo. In the 3rd edition of this review series, we highlight the newest understanding of the in vivo functions of sPLA2s in pathophysiological conditions in the context of immunity and metabolism. We will also describe the latest knowledge on PLA2R1, the best known sPLA2 receptor, which may serve either as a clearance or signaling receptor for sPLA2 or may even act independently of sPLA2 function.
authors.affiliation: Lipid Metabolism Project, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan. Electronic address: murakami-mk@igakuken.or.jp.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Lipid Metabolism Project, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taketomi
authors.affiliation: Lipid Metabolism Project, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshimi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.affiliation: Lipid Metabolism Project, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Lipid Metabolism Project, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne 06560, France.
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lambeau
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D054497:Phospholipases A2, Secretory / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D054507:Receptors, Phospholipase A2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: C516360:PLA2R1 protein, human; D010743:Phospholipids; D054507:Receptors, Phospholipase A2; D054497:Phospholipases A2, Secretory
keywords: Fatty acid; Lipid mediator; Phospholipid; Prostaglandin; Secreted phospholipase A(2)