title: Bilateral double testicular arteries: a case report and review of the literature. Potential embryological and surgical considerations.
abstract: The aberrancies concerning the number, origin and course of the testicular arteries are found in an incidence of approximately 4.7-20% in the literature and are documented less frequently than the respective variations of the homonymous veins. In the current study, a very rare complex of testicular arteries' variations isdescribed, in which the occurrence of bilateral double testicular arteries is recorded. Particularly, apart from the normal testicular arteries on each side, we observed an additional right testicular artery originated from the ipsilateral renal artery and an additional left testicular artery taking its origin from the abdominal aorta just above the renal artery's origin site; the latter additional testicular artery arched above the left renal vein. Both, the bilateral double testicular arteries accompanied the testicular vein on each side as their satellite arteries. We discuss the potential embryological development of that complex of arterial variants, their likely clinical and surgical applications, as well as we proceed on a brief review of the relevant literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. g_paraskevas@yahoo.gr.
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Paraskevas
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Natsis
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nitsa
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Papaziogas
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kitsoulis