title: In vivo measurements of patellar tracking and finite helical axis using a static magnetic resonance based methodology.
abstract: Patellofemoral (PF) maltracking is a critical factor predisposing to PF pain syndrome. Many novel techniques of measuring patellar tracking remain research tools. This study aimed to develop a method to measure the in vivo patellar tracking and finite helical axis (FHA) by using a static magnetic resonance (MR) based methodology. The geometrical models of PF joint at 0°, 45°, 60°, 90°, and 120° of knee flexion were developed from MR images. The approximate patellar tracking was derived from the discrete PF models with a spline interpolation algorithm. The patellar tracking was validated with the previous in vitro and in vivo experiments. The patellar FHA throughout knee flexion was calculated. In the present case, the FHA drew an "L-shaped" curve in the sagittal section. This methodology could advance the examination of PF kinematics in clinics, and may also provide preliminary knowledge on patellar FHA study.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China; National Key Lab of Virtual Reality Technology, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, The 306th Hospital of P.L.A, 100101 Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Wenxin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, The 306th Hospital of P.L.A, 100101 Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jianwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China; National Key Lab of Virtual Reality Technology, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yuxing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China; National Key Lab of Virtual Reality Technology, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China.
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, The 306th Hospital of P.L.A, 100101 Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Huasong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, The 306th Hospital of P.L.A, 100101 Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China; National Key Lab of Virtual Reality Technology, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China. Electronic address: yubofan@buaa.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yubo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D010329:Patella / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D046788:Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Finite helical axis; Knee flexion; Patellar tracking; Patellofemoral malalignment; Patellofemoral pain syndrome