title: [Should we propose a systematic second transurethral resection of the bladder for all high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancers?].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Quantify the rate of residual bladder tumor following systematic second look resection of pTa high-grade versus pT1 high-grade patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2010 to July 2013, 53 patients with a non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer with high-risk of recurrence and progression underwent a second systematic resection in accordance with the current guidelines of the French Association of Urology (AFU).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 53 patients with a high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, histological examination of the initial resection identified: 17 pTa high-grade (32.1%) and 36 pT1 high-grade (67.9%). There was a significant difference between the 2 groups of patients (Ta high-grade versus T1 high-grade) concerning the rate of residual tumor on second look resection (11.8% versus 66.7%, P=0.0002). The predictive factors of residual tumor after second resection were the pT1 stage (P=0.0002), tumor multifocality (P=0.02) and presence of associated Cis (P=0.0005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high rate of residual tumor in our series confirmed the importance of a systematic second look resection for high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancers. However, for the pTa tumors without associated Cis, the interest of this second look seemed of less concern.
  
  
  METHODS
  5.
authors.affiliation: Service d'urologie, hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, université Paris XI, Paris-Sud, 78, rue du Général-Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. Electronic address: allan.lipsker@gmail.com.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lipsker
authors.affiliation: Service d'urologie, hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, université Paris XI, Paris-Sud, 78, rue du Général-Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hammoudi
authors.affiliation: Service d'urologie, hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, université Paris XI, Paris-Sud, 78, rue du Général-Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Parier
authors.affiliation: Service d'urologie, hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, université Paris XI, Paris-Sud, 78, rue du Général-Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Drai
authors.affiliation: Service d'urologie, hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, université Paris XI, Paris-Sud, 78, rue du Général-Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bahi
authors.affiliation: Service d'urologie, hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, université Paris XI, Paris-Sud, 78, rue du Général-Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bessede
authors.affiliation: Service d'urologie, hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, université Paris XI, Paris-Sud, 78, rue du Général-Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
authors.forename: J-J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Patard
authors.affiliation: Service d'urologie, hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, université Paris XI, Paris-Sud, 78, rue du Général-Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pignot
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D019233:Retreatment; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: High-risk; Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer; Re-résection; Recurrence; Residual cancer; Risque élevé de récidive; Second look resection; Tumeur de vessie n’infiltrant pas le muscle; Tumeur résiduelle