title: CLIC1 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in gallbladder cancer.
abstract: The chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) gene family is a recently identified class of Cl channel proteins. Although CLIC1 involvement is well established in some cancers such as gastric cancer and colon cancer, its expression pattern in gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains unknown. The aim of our study was to investigate the expression of CLIC1 in relation to progression and prognosis of GBC. Eight fresh gallbladder cancers paired with adjacent non-tumour tissues were quantified using real-time PCR and Western blot. Tissue samples from resected gallbladder cancer (n = 75) and cholelithiasis (n = 75) were evaluated for CLIC1 expression by immunohistochemical staining. Their expression was correlated with different clinicopathological parameters. CLIC1 expression was significantly higher (62.7 %) in gallbladder cancer than in cholelithiasis (21.3 %, p < 0.001). CLIC1 levels were associated with the histological grade, TNM stage and perineural invasion (p < 0.05), but not with patient age, sex, lymph node metastasis or gallbladder stones (p > 0.05). Univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that a positive CLIC1 expression was associated with a decreased overall survival (p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that CLIC1 expression and histological grade were independent risk factors for overall survival. Therefore, the expression of CLIC1 is closely related to the progression of GBC and may be used as an effective marker for predicting the prognosis of this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Qichen
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Maolan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiangsong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wenguang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: Xu'an
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yingbin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C501966:CLIC1 protein, human; D018118:Chloride Channels