title: Further in vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the marine sesquiterpene hydroquinone avarol.
abstract: This work extends in vitro screening of antimicrobial activity of the sesquiterpene hydroquinone avarol, a main secondary metabolite of the Mediterranean sponge species Dysidea avara. The antimicrobial activity was in part evaluated by microdilution method against selected bacterial and fungal strains. Additionally, the screening included evaluation of anti-quorum sensing (anti-QS) effects. At a different extent avarol was proven to be active against all the microorganisms tested (MIC 0.002-0.008 mg/mL and MBC 0.004-0.016 mg/mL; MIC 0.004-0.015 mg/mL and MFC 0.008-0.030 mg/mL; respectively). This marine natural product also showed moderate anti-QS effects, reducing Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm formation (75%), its twitching and protrusions motilities as well as pyocianin production (39%). According to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report both on avarol anti Gram-negative bacterial activity and anti-QS effects.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pejin
authors.forename: Carmine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iodice
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tommonaro
authors.forename: Bojana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stanimirovic
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ciric
authors.forename: Jasmina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Glamoclija
authors.forename: Milos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nikolic
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Rosa
authors.affiliation: University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, IMSI, Department of Life Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia. borispejin@imsi.rs.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sokovic
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011710:Pyocyanine / Q000378:metabolism; D053038:Quorum Sensing / Q000187:drug effects; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D011710:Pyocyanine; C023663:avarol