title: Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor, p53, Bcl2, vascular endothelial growth factor, cyclooxygenase-2, cyclin D1, human epidermal receptor-2 and Ki-67: Association with clinicopathological profiles and outcomes in gallbladder carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study observed the expression levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), p53, Bcl2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2), cyclin D1, human epidermal receptor-2 (HER-2) and Ki-67 in gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) and their association with clinicopathological profiles and disease outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty consecutive samples of cholecystectomy/biopsies from GB bed (archived formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of different stages of GBC) were included, and patient details related to their demographic profile, investigations, tumor profile, treatment, and follow-up were recorded. Immunohistochemistry was performed to study the expression levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overexpression of EGFR, p53, Bcl2, VEGF, cox-2, cyclin D1 and HER-2 was observed as 74%, 44%, 8%, 34%, 66%, 64%, and 4%, respectively. Association of Bcl2 overexpression in mucinous morphology (40%, P = 0.045), cox-2 overexpression in early stage (I/II) tumors (87.5%, P = 0.028) and VEGF overexpression in alive patients (47.1%, P = 0.044) was observed. Co-expression of EGFR and p53 were statistically significant (P = 0.033). Ki-67 labeling index was significantly higher in patients in age group <40 years (P = 0.027), and poorly differentiated tumors (P = 0.023). Advanced disease and poorly differentiated tumors showed a significantly poor median survival (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EGFR, cox-2 and cyclin D1 were largely overexpressed. Advanced tumor stages and poorly differentiated tumors are predictors of poor survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India ; Department of Research, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Dinesh Chandra
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Doval
authors.affiliation: Department of Research, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Saud
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Azam
authors.affiliation: Department of Research, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Rupal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Ullas
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Batra
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Services, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Anurag
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehta
keywords: Cyclin D1; epidermal growth factor receptor; gallbladder carcinoma; human epidermal receptor-2; p53; vascular endothelial growth factor