title: Efficacy and safety of alirocumab, a fully human PCSK9 monoclonal antibody, in high cardiovascular risk patients with poorly controlled hypercholesterolemia on maximally tolerated doses of statins: rationale and design of the ODYSSEY COMBO I and II trials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alirocumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) under investigation for treatment of hypercholesterolemia and reduction of cardiovascular events.
  
  
  METHODS
  The COMBO studies, part of the Phase 3 ODYSSEY clinical trial program, are designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of alirocumab as add-on therapy to stable, maximally tolerated daily statin, with or without other lipid-lowering therapy (LLT), in a planned 966 patients with hypercholesterolemia at high cardiovascular risk. COMBO I ( http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01644175) is placebo-controlled, with a double-blind treatment period of 52 weeks, and 306 planned patients who may receive other LLTs in addition to statin therapy. COMBO II ( http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01644188) has a double-blind treatment period of 104 weeks, comparing alirocumab with ezetimibe in 660 planned patients receiving statin therapy (but no other LLTs). The primary efficacy endpoint is the difference between treatment arms in percent change in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) from baseline to week 24. Both studies utilized a starting dose of alirocumab 75 mg every 2 weeks (Q2W; administered as 1 mL solution via auto-injector). Patients with LDL-C levels ≥70 mg/dL after 8 weeks of treatment were up-titrated in a blinded manner at week 12 to alirocumab 150 mg Q2W (also 1 mL auto-injector).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, the COMBO studies will provide information on the long-term efficacy and safety of alirocumab in high-risk patients when administered in addition to maximally tolerated statin therapy, with a flexible dosing strategy which allows for individualized therapy based on the degree of LDL-C lowering needed to achieve the desired treatment response.
  NCT01644175 ( NCT01644175).
  NCT01644188 ( NCT01644188).
authors.affiliation: University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD2 4BF, UK. h.colhoun@dundee.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Helen M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Colhoun
authors.forename: Jennifer G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farnier
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cariou
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Blom
authors.forename: Dean J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kereiakes
authors.forename: Christelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lorenzato
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pordy
authors.forename: Umesh
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Chaudhari
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D000071449:Proprotein Convertase 9; D043484:Proprotein Convertases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D012107:Research Design; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D015415:Biomarkers; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; C472125:PCSK9 protein, human; D000071449:Proprotein Convertase 9; D043484:Proprotein Convertases; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; C571059:alirocumab