title: A rare case of type 1 diabetes mellitus with pituitary hypoplasia.
abstract: Growth failure and pubertal abnormalities are not uncommon in chronic uncontrolled metabolic diseases like diabetes mellitus. We present a young girl with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus, who presented with short stature and primary amenorrhea, and on evaluation was found to have anterior pituitary hypoplasia. In addition to uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, she presented with early onset growth failure and lack of spontaneous secondary sexual characteristics. She had central hypothyroidism and inappropriately normal gonadotropin levels. However her serum cortisol levels were normal. MRI of the sellar-suprasellar region revealed a small anterior pituitary gland with thinning of the pituitary stalk consistent with pituitary hypoplasia. While uncontrolled type 1 diabetes itself may cause growth retardation and pubertal abnormalities, this girl had coexisting pituitary maldevelopment - a rare co-existence of two major illnesses of unrelated etiologies. The partial pituitary hormonal deficiency, which spared the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, may be due to a transcription factor defect.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Medicine, Father Muller Medical College, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, India. Electronic address: jostolpinto.kmc@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jostol
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: Head of Endocrinology Unit, Father Muller Medical College, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sudeep
authors.affiliation: Department of General Medicine, Father Muller Medical College, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, India.
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Venkatesha
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000209:etiology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D004393:Dwarfism, Pituitary / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007018:Hypopituitarism / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D007194:India; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000002:abnormalities*; D025962:Septo-Optic Dysplasia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*
keywords: Amenorrhoea; Hypopituitarism; Pituitary hypoplasia; Short stature; Type 1 diabetes mellitus