title: Brucella papionis sp. nov., isolated from baboons (Papio spp.).
abstract: Two Gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming coccoid bacteria (strains F8/08-60(T) and F8/08-61) isolated from clinical specimens obtained from baboons (Papio spp.) that had delivered stillborn offspring were subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, both strains, which possessed identical sequences, were assigned to the genus Brucella. This placement was confirmed by extended multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA), where both strains possessed identical sequences, and whole-genome sequencing of a representative isolate. All of the above analyses suggested that the two strains represent a novel lineage within the genus Brucella. The strains also possessed a unique profile when subjected to the phenotyping approach classically used to separate species of the genus Brucella, reacting only with Brucella A monospecific antiserum, being sensitive to the dyes thionin and fuchsin, being lysed by bacteriophage Wb, Bk2 and Fi phage at routine test dilution (RTD) but only partially sensitive to bacteriophage Tb, and with no requirement for CO2 and no production of H2S but strong urease activity. Biochemical profiling revealed a pattern of enzyme activity and metabolic capabilities distinct from existing species of the genus Brucella. Molecular analysis of the omp2 locus genes showed that both strains had a novel combination of two highly similar omp2b gene copies. The two strains shared a unique fingerprint profile of the multiple-copy Brucella-specific element IS711. Like MLSA, a multilocus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) showed that the isolates clustered together very closely, but represent a distinct group within the genus Brucella. Isolates F8/08-60(T) and F8/08-61 could be distinguished clearly from all known species of the genus Brucella and their biovars by both phenotypic and molecular properties. Therefore, by applying the species concept for the genus Brucella suggested by the ICSP Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Brucella, they represent a novel species within the genus Brucella, for which the name Brucella papionis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain F8/08-60(T) ( = NCTC 13660(T) = CIRMBP 0958(T)).
authors.affiliation: OIE/WHO/FAO Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), Woodham Lane, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK.
authors.forename: Adrian M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Whatmore
authors.affiliation: Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), Polwhele, Truro TR4 9AD, UK.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Davison
authors.affiliation: Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37000 Tours, France.|INRA, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cloeckaert
authors.affiliation: Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Diedersdorfer Weg 1, D-12277 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Sascha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al Dahouk
authors.affiliation: Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37000 Tours, France.|INRA, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
authors.forename: Michel S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Zygmunt
authors.affiliation: OIE/WHO/FAO Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), Woodham Lane, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK.
authors.forename: Simon D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Brew
authors.affiliation: OIE/WHO/FAO Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), Woodham Lane, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK.
authors.forename: Lorraine L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Perrett
authors.affiliation: OIE/WHO/FAO Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), Woodham Lane, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK.
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Koylass
authors.affiliation: DGA/MRIS - Mission pour la Recherche et l'Innovation Scientifique, F-92221 Bagneux, France.|CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France.|Université Paris-Sud, Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, UMR 8621, F-91405 Orsay, France.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vergnaud
authors.affiliation: Mycobacteria and Brucella Section, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, USDA-APHIS, Ames, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Quance
authors.affiliation: Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Holger C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.affiliation: Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Dick
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Gene
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hubbard
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Natalia E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Schlabritz-Loutsevitch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D002002:Brucella / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010215:Papio / Q000382:microbiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S