title: Effects of lipid-lowering pharmaceutical clofibrate on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellal Val.) fed with the high non-protein energy diets.
abstract: This study investigated the effects of clofibrate treatment on blood lipids, hepatic enzyme activities and relative expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism of grass carp fed with high non-protein energy diets. For that purpose, five diets were formulated: a commercial-like diet (Control), a high-carbohydrate diet (HC), a high-fat diet (HF) and two diets identical to the HC and HF diets, but supplemented with 1.25 g kg(-1) clofibrate (HC + Clo and HF + Clo diets). Grass carp fed the HC and HF diet exhibited increases in blood lipids and body fat compared with the control group after 4 weeks. In the clofibrate treatment groups, there was a marked decrease in triacylglycerol and cholesterol concentrations of plasma, and total lipids of the whole body, mesentery adipose tissue and liver tissue. Fish treated with clofibrate exhibited increased hepatic acyl-CoA oxidase activity, but did not show any changes in carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) I activity compared with HC and HF diets without clofibrate. Clofibrate treatment had no effect on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and CPT I mRNA expression. However, there was an increase in lipoprotein lipase expression in the clofibrate-treated groups. In addition, the relative mRNA expression levels of hepatic de novo lipogenic enzymes (fatty acid synthetase and acetyl coenzyme-A carboxylase) were significantly higher in the fish fed the HC diet than those of other groups, and clofibrate inhibited this increase. These results suggest that clofibrate has the hypolipidaemic effects and affects lipid metabolism in grass carp.
authors.affiliation: College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Freshwater Aquaculture, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China, xiaoze206@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoze
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Xu-Fang
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Xiaochen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D042962:Acyl-CoA Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps / Q000378:metabolism*; D002994:Clofibrate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000662:veterinary; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D008055:Lipids; D042962:Acyl-CoA Oxidase; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase; D002994:Clofibrate