title: [Bristol Stool Chart: Prospective and monocentric study of "stools introspection" in healthy subjects].
abstract: The Bristol Stool Chart (BSC) allows patients to identify their stool form using seven different images with accompanying written descriptors. Stool form was found to correlate better than stool frequency with whole-gut transit as measured by a radio-opaque marker study. This score is widely used in order to verify the presence of a constipation and to evaluate the therapeutic impact of various treatments.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In our clinical practice, we was strongly surprised by the facility and the great precision of the patients to report their stool form, meaning that they usually and daily verify these stools. We wanted to precise the goals of a such attitude.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two questionnaires were proposed to healthy and voluntary subjects. Q1 was supposedly presented in order to verify the sensibility of a French version of BSC in a healthy population. Thus, Q1 precised the difficulties or not to understand pictures and written descriptors, asked about exhaustive analysis by means of BSC of stool form and bowel condition. All subjects with history of ano-rectal disorders or specific treatment for bowel dysfunction were excluded. After Q1 fulfilled, Q2 was proposed to the subjects. Q2 was designed to precise the goals of the patient when he look at his stool and the frequency of such an investigation. Finally a specific question concerning the subject opinion about this behavior in terms of bothersome, shame, or metaphysic interrogation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-five healthy subjects were recruited (42 female and 43 male). Mean age was 37.2 (sd = 15.7). Mean score of BCS was 2.07 (sd =1.05) (2.07 for female and 1.81 for male, P = 0.22). Number of categories of stool form was only 1 in 40%, 2 categories in 31%, 3 in 19%, 4 in 10%. Presence of a constipation defined by category 1 or 2 was found in 17% (23% in F, 12% in M, P = 0.075). Precision of BSC was noted as excellent in 68%, moderated in 18% and poor in 14%. BSC was considered as easy to use in 75%. Frequency of inspection of feces was systematic for 37%, 1/2 in 20%, 1/3 in 13%, 1 to 4 per month in 30%. The goal of inspection was "routine" in 54%, and devoted to track down any pathological condition ("self examination") in 46%. Eighty percent of the subjects considered having no shame or specific reticence and only 17% of them, had some interrogations concerning the real rational of such an inspection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BSC is a useful tool widely used in routine practice, helping to the diagnosis of constipation and the control of the different therapeutic strategies. There is no psychological barriers or metaphysics inconveniences for its use. But it seems legitimate to understand the hidden reasons of such a behavior with unconscious purposes reflecting the intimal nature of the humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  3.
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne universités, UPMC université Paris 06, GRC 01, GREEN, Group of Clinical Research in Neuro-Urology, 75005 Paris, France; Service de neuro-urologie, hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France. Electronic address: gerard.amarenco@tnn.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Amarenco
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D059026:Diagnostic Self Evaluation; D005243:Feces; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Bristol Stool Chart; Constipation; Inconscient; Introspection; Psychologie