title: Dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents and young adults: the Northern Ireland Young Hearts Project.
abstract: Dietary pattern (DP) analysis allows examination of the combined effects of nutrients and foods on the markers of CVD. Very few studies have examined these relationships during adolescence or young adulthood. Traditional CVD risk biomarkers were analysed in 12-15-year-olds (n 487; Young Hearts (YH)1) and again in the same individuals at 20-25 years of age (n 487; YH3). Based on 7 d diet histories, in the present study, DP analysis was performed using a posteriori principal component analysis for the YH3 cohort and the a priori Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) was calculated for both YH1 and YH3 cohorts. In the a posteriori DP analysis, YH3 participants adhering most closely to the 'healthy' DP were found to have lower pulse wave velocity (PWV) and homocysteine concentrations, the 'sweet tooth' DP were found to have increased LDL concentrations, and decreased HDL concentrations, [corrected] the 'drinker/social' DP were found to have lower LDL and homocysteine concentrations, but exhibited a trend towards a higher TAG concentration, and finally the 'Western' DP were found to have elevated homocysteine and HDL concentrations. In the a priori dietary score analysis, YH3 participants adhering most closely to the Mediterranean diet were found to exhibit a trend towards a lower PWV. MDS did not track between YH1 and YH3, and nor was there a longitudinal relationship between the change in the MDS and the change in CVD risk biomarkers. In conclusion, cross-sectional analysis revealed that some associations between DP and CVD risk biomarkers were already evident in the young adult population, namely the association between the healthy DP (and the MDS) and PWV; however, no longitudinal associations were observed between these relatively short time periods.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Block B (1st Floor),Grosvenor Road,BelfastBT12 6BJ,UK.
authors.forename: Hannah J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: McCourt
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Block B (1st Floor),Grosvenor Road,BelfastBT12 6BJ,UK.
authors.forename: Claire R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Draffin
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Block B (1st Floor),Grosvenor Road,BelfastBT12 6BJ,UK.
authors.forename: Jayne V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Woodside
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital,BelfastBT12 6BA,UK.
authors.forename: Chris R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cardwell
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Block B (1st Floor),Grosvenor Road,BelfastBT12 6BJ,UK.
authors.forename: Ian S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast,BelfastBT12 6BJ,UK.
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital,BelfastBT12 6BA,UK.
authors.forename: Liam J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.affiliation: Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin,Dublin,Republic of Ireland.
authors.forename: Colin A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Boreham
authors.affiliation: Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), University of Ulster, Coleraine,Northern IrelandBT52 1SA,UK.
authors.forename: Alison M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Block B (1st Floor),Grosvenor Road,BelfastBT12 6BJ,UK.
authors.forename: Charlotte E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Neville
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Block B (1st Floor),Grosvenor Road,BelfastBT12 6BJ,UK.
authors.forename: Michelle C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: McKinley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015930:Diet Records; D066273:Diet, Western; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006262:Health; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009660:Northern Ireland; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D006710:Homocysteine