title: Unique genetic and epigenetic  mechanisms driving paediatric diffuse  high-grade glioma.
abstract: Diffuse high-grade gliomas (HGGs) of childhood are a devastating spectrum of disease with no effective cures. The two-year survival for paediatric HGG ranges from 30%, for tumours arising in the cerebral cortex, to less than 10% for diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs), which arise in the brainstem. Recent genome-wide studies provided abundant evidence that unique selective pressures drive HGG in children compared to adults, identifying novel oncogenic mutations connecting tumorigenesis and chromatin regulation, as well as developmental signalling pathways. These new genetic findings give insights into disease pathogenesis and the challenges and opportunities for improving patient survival in these mostly incurable childhood brain tumours.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Suzanne J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D030201:Activin Receptors, Type I / Q000235:genetics; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005910:Glioma / Q000235:genetics*; D006657:Histones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D006657:Histones; C425423:ACVR1 protein, human; D030201:Activin Receptors, Type I