title: Steroidal constituents from the edible sea urchin Diadema savignyi Michelin induce apoptosis in human cancer cells.
abstract: Bioassay-directed fractionation and purification were used to isolate 12 steroids (1-12) from a CH(2)Cl(2) extract of the edible Vietnamese sea urchin Diadema savignyi Michelin. The cytotoxic activity of the CH(2)Cl(2) extract and 12 steroids was evaluated in three human cancer cell lines (HL-60, PC-3, and SNU-C5). Relative to the effects of the positive control, mitoxantrone, the CH(2)Cl(2) extract (with an inhibitory concentration of 50% [IC(50)] values ranging from 1.37±0.15 to 3.11±0.15 μg/mL) and compounds 2 (with IC(50) values ranging from 5.29±0.11 to 6.80±0.67 μM) and 11 (with IC(50) values ranging from 4.95±0.07 to 6.99±0.28 μM) exhibited potent cytotoxic effects against all three tested human cancer cell lines. In addition, the CH(2)Cl(2) extract and compounds 2 and 11 were found to induce apoptosis. The induction of apoptosis was accompanied by alterations of the apoptosis-related protein expression, inactivation of ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, and decreased c-Myc expression. These data suggest that compounds 2 and 11 from the edible sea urchin D. savignyi may have potential for the treatment of colon cancer, leukemia, and prostate cancer as complementary cancer remedies.
authors.affiliation: 1 College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University , Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Nguyen Phuong
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Thao
authors.forename: Bui Thi Thuy
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Luyen
authors.forename: Eun Ji
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jung Il
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Hee Kyoung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Nguyen Xuan
authors.initials: NX
authors.lastname: Cuong
authors.forename: Nguyen Hoai
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Phan Van
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Kiem
authors.forename: Chau Van
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Minh
authors.forename: Young Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis; D001688:Biological Products / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007938:Leukemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012617:Sea Urchins / Q000737:chemistry*; D013256:Steroids / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001688:Biological Products; D013256:Steroids
keywords: Diadema savignyi; HEL-299; HL-60; PC-3; SNU-C5; apoptosis; cytotoxic; echinoderm