title: Fusarium napiforme systemic infection: case report with molecular characterization and antifungal susceptibility tests.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During the last decades, Fusarium spp. has been reported as a significant cause of disease in humans, especially in immunocompromised patients, who have high risk of invasive life-threatening disease. Fusarium species usually reported as cause of human disease are F. solani, F. oxysporum and F. verticillioides.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe the second case in the literature of disseminated fusariosis caused by Fusarium napiforme, that occurred in a 60-year-old woman with multiple myeloma after subsequent cycles of chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified the F. napiforme not only by standard morphologic criteria by macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, but also confirmed by molecular biology methods, including sequencing. The antifungal susceptibility of the F. napiforme isolates were tested to seven antifungal drugs; the azoles were the most active drug against all the isolates tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fusarium spp. are of relevance in medical mycology, and their profiles of low susceptibility to antifungal drugs highlight the importance for faster and more accurate diagnostic tests, what can contribute to an earlier and precise diagnosis and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo Brazil ; LIM 46 - Laboratory of Parasitology - HC/FMUSP, Kragujevac, São Paulo Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuhiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuzawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo Brazil.
authors.forename: Luzia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lyra
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo Brazil.
authors.forename: Ariane Fidelis
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Busso-Lopes
authors.affiliation: Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gonoi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo Brazil.
authors.forename: Angélica Zaninele
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.affiliation: Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamei
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Luiza
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Moretti
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo Brazil.
authors.forename: Plínio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Trabasso
keywords: Fusariosis; Immunocompromised host; Opportunistic Infections