title: Photobiostimulation reduces edema formation induced in mice by Lys-49 phospholipases A2 isolated from Bothrops moojeni venom.
abstract: The prominent local myotoxic effects induced by Bothrops snake venom are due, in part, to myotoxins. This effect is not neutralized by antivenom, which is the main therapy for victims of snakebite. Two basic myotoxins named MjTX-I and MjTX-II were isolated from Bothrops moojeni venom. Both myotoxins have a Lys-49 phospholipase A2 structure devoid of enzymatic activity, but are highly myonecrotic and edema-inducing. In this study, we analyzed the effect of a low-level laser (LLL) at 685 nm, an energy density of 2.2 J cm(-2), and the irradiation time of 15 s, and a light emitting diode (LED) at 635 or 945 nm at energy densities of 4 and 3.8 J cm(-2), and irradiation times of 41 and 38 s, respectively, applied 30 min and 3 h after edema formation in mice caused by MjTX-I or MjTX-II. MjTX-I or MjTX-II caused a significant edema formation in envenomed paws. LLL and LED irradiation significantly reduced the edema formation by both myotoxins from 1 up to 6 hours after the injection. Both LLL and LEDs were similar in reducing the edema formation induced by myotoxins. The combined photobiostimulation with antivenom had the same effect in reducing edema as treatment with the LLL or LEDs alone. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that photobiostimulation could be used in association with antivenom therapy for treatment of local effects of Bothrops species venom.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Stella.rz@uninove.br.
authors.forename: Nikele
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nadur-Andrade
authors.forename: Camila Squarzone
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Dale
authors.forename: Adriano Silvio Dos
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Andreimar M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Carlos J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: de Lima
authors.forename: Stella Regina
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Zamuner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017837:Bothrops / Q000378:metabolism*; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D014688:Venoms / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014688:Venoms; C114084:myotoxin II, Bothrops moojeni; D010741:Phospholipases A