title: Epithelial cell transformation sequence 2 is a potential biomarker of unfavorable survival in human gliomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High-grade primary gliomas are invasive and have poor outcome. The identification of biomarkers predictive of outcome in patients with gliomas is crucial for clinical follow-up. Epithelial cell transformation sequence 2 (ECT2) modulates cancer invasion, progression, metastasis and cell cycle regulation. However, its role in determining the clinical outcome of human gliomas warrants further elucidation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study hypothesized that ECT2 is over-expressed in human gliomas. We analysis de-linked data (GDS1815/219787_s_at/ECT2) in primary high-grade glioma, and exclude 23 sheets of data without detailed information. An additional database (GDS1962/234992_x_at/ECT2) was also included to evaluation ECT2 gene expression in each pathologic grading.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) profile showed that ECT2 mRNA expression level was higher in WHO grade IV (n = 81) than in grade II (n = 7, P = 0.0126) gliomas and non-tumor controls (n = 23; P = 1.65 Χ 10⁻⁸). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed unfavorable survival in patients with high ECT2 mRNA levels (n = 10) than in those with low ECT2 expression (n = 67) (median survival, 106 vs. 46 weeks, P < 0.0001, by log-rank test, Hazard ratio: 0.07850, 95% CI: 0.02402-0.2565).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ECT2 expression is positively correlated with WHO pathologic grading and unfavorable survival, suggesting that ECT2 may be a potential therapeutic candidate in human gliomas.
authors.forename: Yung-Sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Chin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yen-Po
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Yi-Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Chi-Tun
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, and Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, China.
authors.forename: Dueng-Yuan
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Hueng
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D015870:Gene Expression; D005910:Glioma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D011379:Prognosis; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: C489850:ECT2 protein, human; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins