title: Soybean isoflavones attenuate the expression of genes related to endometrial cancer risk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated whether genistein or estrogen treatment has the same effect when administered immediately or late to rats induced with menopause using ovariectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty adult female rats were divided into six treatment groups: GI = vehicle immediately after ovariectomy; GII = vehicle 30 days after ovariectomy; GIII = genistein immediately after ovariectomy; GIV = genistein 30 days after ovariectomy; GV = estrogen immediately after ovariectomy; and GVI = estrogen 30 days after ovariectomy. All animals were treated for 30 consecutive days. At the end of the treatment, part of the uteri was removed for subsequent histological studies and another part was used to evaluate estrogen receptors 1 and 2, cell proliferation (cyclin A1 and A2, cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors 1, 1B and 2, antigen identified by the monoclonal antibody Ki67) and angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF-A) gene expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Late treatment after castration in rats resulted in more developed endometrium, enhanced cell proliferation and estrogen-signalling pathways, particularly the cyclin-related genes Ki67 and VEGF-A, compared to early treatment. Interestingly, these same effects were less intense with genistein compared to those induced by estrogen, especially when genistein was administered late.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that isoflavone renders a lower risk of cancer when compared to estrogen in treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology and Genetics, University Federal of São Paulo.
authors.forename: A A Ferraz
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Carbonel
authors.forename: M Longoni
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Calió
authors.forename: M Aparecida
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: C R Antonio
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Bertoncini
authors.forename: G da Silva
authors.initials: Gda S
authors.lastname: Sasso
authors.forename: R Santos
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.forename: M Jesus
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Soares
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000235:genetics; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D019833:Genistein / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000235:genetics; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry; D014599:Uterus / Q000473:pathology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D004967:Estrogens; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D010936:Plant Extracts; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C467498:vascular endothelial growth factor A, rat; D004958:Estradiol; D019833:Genistein
keywords: 17β-ESTRADIOL; ENDOMETRIUM; GENE EXPRESSION; RATS; SOYBEAN ISOFLAVONES