title: Similar worldwide patterns in the sex pheromone signal and response in the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).
abstract: The response of Grapholita molesta (Busck) males to three-component sex pheromone blends containing a 100% ratio of the major sex pheromone component, (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate and a 10% ratio of (Z)-8-dodecenol, but with varying ratios of (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate (0.4, 5.4, 10.4, 30.4, and 100.1% E-blends) was tested with populations in eight stone and pome fruit orchards in Europe, Asia, and North and South America. Traps baited with the 5.4% E-blend caught significantly more males than traps with any other blend with all populations. Significantly more males were caught in traps baited with the 10.4% E-blend than in traps with the remaining blends, except with the 0.4% E-blend in Turkey. Significant differences in male moth catches occurred between the other blends with the 0.4>30.4% E-blend, and the 30.4>100.1% E-blend. Male moth catches with the 100.1% E-blend only differed from the hexane control in Chile. No apparent differences were noted to these blends in populations collected from pome or stone fruits. Flight tunnel assays to synthetic blends with a subset of populations were similar to the field results, but the breadth of the most attractive E-blends was wider. Flight tunnel assays also demonstrated a high level of male-female cross-attraction among field-collected populations. Female gland extracts from field-collected populations did not show any significant variation in their three-component blends. The only exceptions in these assays were that long-term laboratory populations were less responsive and attractive, and produced different blend ratios of the two minor components than recently collected field populations.
authors.affiliation: USDA,ARS, Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, Wapato, WA 98951,USA.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias,Universidad de Talca,Casilla 747, Talca,Chile.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Barros-Parada
authors.affiliation: UdL-IRTA,Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida,Spain.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bosch
authors.affiliation: IRTA,Estació Experimental Mas Badia, 17134 La Tallada d'Empordà, Girona,Spain.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Escudero-Colomar
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias,Universidad de Talca,Casilla 747, Talca,Chile.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fuentes-Contreras
authors.affiliation: IHBI,Queensland University of Technology,60 Musk Ave/cnr. Blamey St, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059,Australia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernández-Sánchez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioresource Sciences,Andong National University,Andong 760-749,Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yung
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioresource Sciences,Andong National University,Andong 760-749,Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection,Uludag University,Gorukle Kampusu 16059 Bursa,Turkey.
authors.forename: O B
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Kovanci
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop and Forest Sciences,University of Lleida,Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida,Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Levi
authors.affiliation: Plant and Food Research,Hawkes Bay, 4157 Havelock North,New Zealand.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.affiliation: Entomology and Plant Pathology Institute,Catholic University of Sacro Cuore,Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29100 Piacenza,Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Molinari
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics Unit. Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA),Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida (HUAV),C/ Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida,Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Valls
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop and Forest Sciences,University of Lleida,Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida,Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gemeno
mesh_terms: D000819:Animal Communication; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D020387:Food Chain; D005843:Geography; D008297:Male; D027845:Malus / Q000502:physiology; D009036:Moths / Q000502:physiology*; D027861:Prunus / Q000502:physiology; D012724:Sex Attractants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal
chemical_list: D012724:Sex Attractants
keywords: Lepidoptera; geographical variation; population variation; sex pheromone