title: Effect of pertussis and cholera toxins administered supraspinally on CA3 hippocampal neuronal cell death and the blood glucose level induced by kainic acid in mice.
abstract: The effect of cholera toxin (CTX) or pertussis toxin (PTX) administered supraspinally on hippocampal neuronal cell death in CA3 region induced by kainic acid (KA) was examined in mice. After the pretreatment with either PTX or CTX intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.), mice were administered i.c.v. with KA. The i.c.v. treatment with KA caused a neuronal cell death in CA3 region and PTX, but not CTX, attenuated the KA-induced neuronal cell death. In addition, i.c.v. treatment with KA caused an elevation of the blood glucose level. The i.c.v. PTX pretreatment alone caused a hypoglycemia and inhibited KA-induced hyperglycemic effect. However, i.c.v. pretreatment with CTX did not affect the basal blood glucose level and KA-induced hyperglycemic effect. Moreover, KA administered i.c.v. caused an elevation of corticosterone level and reduction of the blood insulin level. Whereas, i.c.v. pretreatment with PTX further enhanced KA-induced up-regulation of corticosterone level. Furthermore, i.c.v. administration of PTX alone increased the insulin level and KA-induced hypoinsulinemic effect was reversed. In addition, PTX pretreatment reduces the KA-induced seizure activity. Our results suggest that supraspinally administered PTX, exerts neuroprotective effect against KA-induced neuronal cells death in CA3 region and neuroprotective effect of PTX is mediated by the reduction of KA-induced blood glucose level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chea-Ha
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soo-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yun-Beom
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Naveen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Su
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Su-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jun-Sub
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-702, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hwsuh@hallym.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hong-Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Suh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D056654:CA3 Region, Hippocampal / Q000187:drug effects*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects*; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D057967:Infusions, Intraventricular; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007608:Kainic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D037342:Pertussis Toxin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D002772:Cholera Toxin; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D007608:Kainic Acid; D003345:Corticosterone
keywords: Blood glucose; Cell death; Cholera toxin; Kainic acid; Pertussis toxin