title: Subtypes of Pathological Gambling with Concurrent Illegal Behaviors.
abstract: The aims of this study are: to explore empirical clusters in a sample of individuals with a gambling disorder (GD) according to the presence of illegal behaviors, to describe the subgroups at a clinical level and to examine whether a temporal change has taken place across the last 9 years. The sample consisted of 378 patients with a GD who consecutively received outpatient treatment, and who reported the presence of the DSM-IV criteria "presence of illegal behavior". Two-step clustering procedure revealed the existence of four empirical groups, which differed in both sociodemographic and clinical profiles. The patients, who have committed illegal acts due to their gambling behavior, are a heterogeneous group in which it is possible to identify different subtypes, based on sociodemographic, psychopathological, clinical and personality characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Roser.Granero@uab.cat.|CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain. Roser.Granero@uab.cat.
authors.forename: Roser
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Granero
authors.affiliation: CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain. ffernandez@bellvitgehospital.cat.|Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, IDIBELL, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga, s/n. 08907-L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. ffernandez@bellvitgehospital.cat.|Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. ffernandez@bellvitgehospital.cat.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fernández-Aranda
authors.affiliation: Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, IDIBELL, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga, s/n. 08907-L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. naymami@bellvitgehospital.cat.
authors.forename: Neus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aymamí
authors.affiliation: Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, IDIBELL, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga, s/n. 08907-L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. monicagomez@bellvitgehospital.cat.
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gómez-Peña
authors.affiliation: CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain. bfagundo@bellvitgehospital.cat.|Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, IDIBELL, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga, s/n. 08907-L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. bfagundo@bellvitgehospital.cat.
authors.forename: Ana Beatriz
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Fagundo
authors.affiliation: Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, IDIBELL, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga, s/n. 08907-L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. sarah.sauchellit@bellvitgehospital.cat.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sauchelli
authors.affiliation: Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, IDIBELL, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga, s/n. 08907-L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. adelpino@ub.edu.|Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Mother-Infant Nursing, University School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. adelpino@ub.edu.
authors.forename: Amparo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Del Pino-Gutiérrez
authors.affiliation: Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, IDIBELL, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga, s/n. 08907-L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. lmoragas@bellvitgehospital.cat.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moragas
authors.affiliation: Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, IDIBELL, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga, s/n. 08907-L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. nellyboop@yahoo.gr.
authors.forename: Lamprini G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Savvidou
authors.affiliation: CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain. mohammed.islam@bellvitgehospital.cat.|Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, IDIBELL, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga, s/n. 08907-L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. mohammed.islam@bellvitgehospital.cat.
authors.forename: Mohammed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. salome.tarrega@uab.cat.
authors.forename: Salomé
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tàrrega
authors.affiliation: Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, IDIBELL, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga, s/n. 08907-L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. jmenchon@bellvitgehospital.cat.|Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. jmenchon@bellvitgehospital.cat.|CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain. jmenchon@bellvitgehospital.cat.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Menchón
authors.affiliation: CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain. sjimenez@bellvitgehospital.cat.|Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, IDIBELL, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga, s/n. 08907-L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. sjimenez@bellvitgehospital.cat.|Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. sjimenez@bellvitgehospital.cat.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Murcia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000145:classification* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D003415:Crime / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000066479:Criminal Behavior / Q000145:classification*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000145:classification* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Clusters; Gambling disorder; Illegal acts; Pathways; Subtypes