title: Effects of individual and multiple fatty acids (palmitate, oleate and docosahaexenoic acid) on cell viability and lipid metabolism in LO2 human liver cells.
abstract: This study was designed to investigate the direct effects of fatty acids (FAs) on the cell viability and the expression levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism in LO2 human liver cells. Palmitate (PA), oleate (OA) and docosahaexenoic acid (DHA) were used to represent saturated, mono-unsaturated and polyunsaturated FAs, respectively. At concentrations of ≤3.2 µg/ml, treatment with single FAs increased the viability of the LO2 cells. At FA concentrations of >3.2 µg/ml, cell viability following OA treatment was increased, but PA or DHA treatment at these concentrations reduced cell viability. Administration of mixtures of these FAs in three ratios (PA:OA:DHA = 1:2:1, 1:1:1 and 1:1:2, respectively) increased the cell viability compared with the control group. The intracellular triglyceride (TG) levels following all types of treatment were significantly increased and the accumulation of TGs was markedly increased with high doses of DHA. In addition, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ was significantly upregulated in all groups, with the exception of the 1:1:1 group at 3.2 µg/ml and the 1:1:2 group at 12.8 µg/ml. The expression levels of sterol regulatory-element binding protein‑1c, liver X receptor α and apolipoprotein C‑I were significantly reduced in all groups with the exception of the DHA‑treated group and the 1:2:1 groups at 3.2 and 12.8 µg/ml. In conclusion, these results indicate that the type, concentration and mixture ratios of FAs are all important in determining the cell viability and lipid metabolism-related gene expression in LO2 hepatocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chunhong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shaoxin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
authors.forename: Guoxun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D053302:Apolipoprotein C-I / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D010168:Palmitates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D053302:Apolipoprotein C-I; D005227:Fatty Acids; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; C000605213:NR1H3 protein, human; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010168:Palmitates; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D014280:Triglycerides; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D019301:Oleic Acid