title: Relationship between expression of triggering receptor-1 on myeloid cells in intestinal tissue and intestinal barrier dysfunction in severe acute pancreatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) in the intestine was upregulated and correlated with disease activity in inflammatory bowel diseases. Membrane-bound TREM-1 protein is increased in the pancreas, liver and kidneys of patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), suggesting that TREM-1 may act as an important mediator of inflammation and subsequent extra-pancreatic organ injury. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the expression of TREM-1 in intestinal tissue and intestinal barrier dysfunction in SAP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group (SO group, n=32) and a SAP group (n=32). A SAP model was established by retrograde injection of 5% sodium deoxycholate into the bile-pancreatic duct. Specimens were taken from blood and intestinal tissue 2, 6, 12, and 48 hours after operation respectively. The levels of D-lactate, diamine oxidase (DAO) and endotoxin in serum were measured using an improved spectro-photometric method. The expression levels of TREM-1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA in terminal ileum were detected by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Specimens of the distal ileum were taken to determine pathological changes by a validated histology score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum levels of D-lactate, DAO and endotoxin were significantly increased in each subgroup of SAP compared with the SO group (P<0.01, P<0.05). The expression levels of TREM-1, IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA in the terminal ileum in each subgroup of SAP were significantly higher than those in the SO group (P<0.01, P<0.05). The expression level of TREM-1mRNA was positively correlated with IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA (r=0.956, P=0.044; r=0.986, P=0.015), but the correlation was not found between IL-1β mRNA and TNF-α mRNA (P=0.133). Compared to the SO group, the pathological changes were aggravated significantly in the SAP group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The expression level of TREM-1 in intestinal tissue of rats with SAP was elevated, leading to the release of inflammatory mediators and intestinal mucosal injury. This finding indicates that TREM-l might play an important role in the development of intestinal barrier dysfunction in rats with SAP.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China.
authors.forename: Sheng-Chun
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Xin
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Zhang
keywords: Interleukin-1β; Intestinal barrier dysfunction; Severe acute pancreatitis; Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1; Tumor necrosis factor-α