title: Cardiovascular disease in the antiphospholipid syndrome.
abstract: The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) varies from one series to another depending on the definition of CVD and tools used for its detection. Atherosclerosis, the usual cause of CVD, starts when the endothelium becomes damaged and is considered to be an autoimmune-inflammatory disease. The excessive cardiovascular events observed in patients with APS are not fully explained by traditional risk factors. Therefore, several novel risk factors contribute to the development of premature CVD and accelerated vascular damage in those patients. Herein, the significance and outcomes of CVD in APS are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia; and Mederi, Hospital Universitario Mayor, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Amaya-Amaya
authors.affiliation: Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia; and Mederi, Hospital Universitario Mayor, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rojas-Villarraga
authors.affiliation: Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia; and Mederi, Hospital Universitario Mayor, Bogotá, Colombia juan.anaya@urosario.edu.co.
authors.forename: Juan-Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Anaya
mesh_terms: D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; antiphospholipid syndrome; novel risk factors; traditional risk factors