title: Diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency in patients with heart failure: expert position paper from French cardiologists.
abstract: The prevalence of iron deficiency is high -even in the absence of anaemia- in patients with chronic heart failure (HF). Although iron deficiency is easily diagnosed with two biomarkers (serum ferritin and transferrin saturation), it is underdiagnosed in patients with HF. Iron is not only necessary for red blood cells, but also for cells in tissues with high-energy demands (heart, muscle, brain). Even before the onset of anaemia, HF patients with iron deficiency have decreased physical and cognitive performances and a poorer quality of life. Moreover, iron deficiency is a risk factor, independent of anaemia, of unfavourable outcome (death or heart transplantation) in patients with chronic HF. Several randomized controlled studies have shown improvement in exercise capacity, New York Heart Association functional class and quality of life after correction of iron deficiency. The results of these clinical trials, which are supported by European guidelines, suggest considering iron deficiency in HF as a possible therapeutic target.
authors.affiliation: UMR-S 942, Université Paris Diderot, DHU FIRE, Department of Cardiology, Lariboisière Hospital, AP-HP, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France. Electronic address: alain.cohen-solal@inserm.fr.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cohen-Solal
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Pontchaillou Hospital, 35033 Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leclercq
authors.affiliation: UMR-S 942, Université Paris Diderot, DHU Neurovasculaire, Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Lariboisière Hospital, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mebazaa
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Cardiology Hospital, CHRU de Lille, 59037 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Groote
authors.affiliation: INSERM U955, Université Paris Est, DHU ATVB, Department of Cardiology, Henri-Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, 94000 Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Thibaud
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Damy
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Isnard
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, CHU Rangueil, Université de Toulouse, UMR 1048, 31059 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galinier
mesh_terms: D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D019468:Disease Management; D005602:France; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Carence martiale; Coefficient de saturation de la transferrine; Fer injectable; Ferritine sérique; Heart failure; Insuffisance cardiaque; Intravenous iron; Iron deficiency; Serum ferritin; Transferrin saturation