title: Inhaled diesel emissions generated with cerium oxide nanoparticle fuel additive induce adverse pulmonary and systemic effects.
abstract: Diesel exhaust (DE) exposure induces adverse cardiopulmonary effects. Cerium oxide nanoparticles added to diesel fuel (DECe) increases fuel burning efficiency but leads to altered emission characteristics and potentially altered health effects. Here, we evaluated whether DECe results in greater adverse pulmonary effects compared with DE. Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to filtered air, DE, or DECe for 5 h/day for 2 days. N-acetyl glucosaminidase activity was increased in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of rats exposed to DECe but not DE. There were also marginal but insignificant increases in several other lung injury biomarkers in both exposure groups (DECe > DE for all). To further characterize DECe toxicity, rats in a second study were exposed to filtered air or DECe for 5 h/day for 2 days or 4 weeks. Tissue analysis indicated a concentration- and time-dependent accumulation of lung and liver cerium followed by a delayed clearance. The gas-phase and high concentration of DECe increased lung inflammation at the 2-day time point, indicating that gas-phase components, in addition to particles, contribute to pulmonary toxicity. This effect was reduced at 4 weeks except for a sustained increase in BALF γ-glutamyl transferase activity. Histopathology and transmission electron microscopy revealed increased alveolar septa thickness due to edema and increased numbers of pigmented macrophages after DECe exposure. Collectively, these findings indicate that DECe induces more adverse pulmonary effects on a mass basis than DE. In addition, lung accumulation of cerium, systemic translocation to the liver, and delayed clearance are added concerns to existing health effects of DECe.
authors.affiliation: *Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Characterization and Apportionment Branch, NERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, NRMRL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Arcadis US Inc., Durham, North Carolina, 27713, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, National Toxicology Program Division, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711 and Pathology Associates Inc., Charles River Laboratories, Durham, North Carolina, 27703 *Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Characterization and Apportionment Branch, NERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, NRMRL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Arcadis US Inc., Durham, North Carolina, 27713, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, National Toxicology Program Division, Na
authors.forename: Samantha J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Snow
authors.affiliation: *Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Characterization and Apportionment Branch, NERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, NRMRL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Arcadis US Inc., Durham, North Carolina, 27713, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, National Toxicology Program Division, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711 and Pathology Associates Inc., Charles River Laboratories, Durham, North Carolina, 27703.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McGee
authors.affiliation: *Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Characterization and Apportionment Branch, NERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, NRMRL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Arcadis US Inc., Durham, North Carolina, 27713, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, National Toxicology Program Division, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711 and Pathology Associates Inc., Charles River Laboratories, Durham, North Carolina, 27703.
authors.forename: Desinia B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: *Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Characterization and Apportionment Branch, NERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, NRMRL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Arcadis US Inc., Durham, North Carolina, 27713, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, National Toxicology Program Division, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711 and Pathology Associates Inc., Charles River Laboratories, Durham, North Carolina, 27703.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bass
authors.affiliation: *Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Characterization and Apportionment Branch, NERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, NRMRL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Arcadis US Inc., Durham, North Carolina, 27713, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, National Toxicology Program Division, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711 and Pathology Associates Inc., Charles River Laboratories, Durham, North Carolina, 27703.
authors.forename: Mette C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Schladweiler
authors.affiliation: *Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Characterization and Apportionment Branch, NERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, NRMRL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Arcadis US Inc., Durham, North Carolina, 27713, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, National Toxicology Program Division, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711 and Pathology Associates Inc., Charles River Laboratories, Durham, North Carolina, 27703.
authors.forename: Ronald F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: *Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Characterization and Apportionment Branch, NERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, NRMRL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Arcadis US Inc., Durham, North Carolina, 27713, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, National Toxicology Program Division, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711 and Pathology Associates Inc., Charles River Laboratories, Durham, North Carolina, 27703.
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Krantz
authors.affiliation: *Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Characterization and Apportionment Branch, NERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, NRMRL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Arcadis US Inc., Durham, North Carolina, 27713, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, National Toxicology Program Division, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711 and Pathology Associates Inc., Charles River Laboratories, Durham, North Carolina, 27703.
authors.forename: Charly
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: *Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Characterization and Apportionment Branch, NERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, NRMRL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Arcadis US Inc., Durham, North Carolina, 27713, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, National Toxicology Program Division, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711 and Pathology Associates Inc., Charles River Laboratories, Durham, North Carolina, 27703.
authors.forename: Allen D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Ledbetter
authors.affiliation: *Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Characterization and Apportionment Branch, NERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, NRMRL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Arcadis US Inc., Durham, North Carolina, 27713, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, National Toxicology Program Division, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711 and Pathology Associates Inc., Charles River Laboratories, Durham, North Carolina, 27703.
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.affiliation: *Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Characterization and Apportionment Branch, NERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, NRMRL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Arcadis US Inc., Durham, North Carolina, 27713, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, National Toxicology Program Division, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711 and Pathology Associates Inc., Charles River Laboratories, Durham, North Carolina, 27703.
authors.forename: Jason P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Weinstein
authors.affiliation: *Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Characterization and Apportionment Branch, NERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, NRMRL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Arcadis US Inc., Durham, North Carolina, 27713, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, National Toxicology Program Division, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711 and Pathology Associates Inc., Charles River Laboratories, Durham, North Carolina, 27703.
authors.forename: Teri
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Conner
authors.affiliation: *Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Characterization and Apportionment Branch, NERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, NRMRL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Arcadis US Inc., Durham, North Carolina, 27713, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, National Toxicology Program Division, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711 and Pathology Associates Inc., Charles River Laboratories, Durham, North Carolina, 27703.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.affiliation: *Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Characterization and Apportionment Branch, NERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, NRMRL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Arcadis US Inc., Durham, North Carolina, 27713, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, National Toxicology Program Division, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711 and Pathology Associates Inc., Charles River Laboratories, Durham, North Carolina, 27703.
authors.forename: William P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Linak
authors.affiliation: *Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Characterization and Apportionment Branch, NERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, NRMRL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Arcadis US Inc., Durham, North Carolina, 27713, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, National Toxicology Program Division, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711 and Pathology Associates Inc., Charles River Laboratories, Durham, North Carolina, 27703 *Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Characterization and Apportionment Branch, NERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, NRMRL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Arcadis US Inc., Durham, North Carolina, 27713, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, National Toxicology Program Division, Na
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nash
authors.affiliation: *Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Characterization and Apportionment Branch, NERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, NRMRL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Arcadis US Inc., Durham, North Carolina, 27713, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, National Toxicology Program Division, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711 and Pathology Associates Inc., Charles River Laboratories, Durham, North Carolina, 27703.
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.affiliation: *Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Characterization and Apportionment Branch, NERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, NRMRL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Arcadis US Inc., Durham, North Carolina, 27713, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, National Toxicology Program Division, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711 and Pathology Associates Inc., Charles River Laboratories, Durham, North Carolina, 27703.
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Elmore
authors.affiliation: *Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Characterization and Apportionment Branch, NERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, NRMRL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Arcadis US Inc., Durham, North Carolina, 27713, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, National Toxicology Program Division, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711 and Pathology Associates Inc., Charles River Laboratories, Durham, North Carolina, 27703.
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.affiliation: *Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Characterization and Apportionment Branch, NERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, NRMRL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Arcadis US Inc., Durham, North Carolina, 27713, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, National Toxicology Program Division, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711 and Pathology Associates Inc., Charles River Laboratories, Durham, North Carolina, 27703.
authors.forename: Crystal L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: *Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Characterization and Apportionment Branch, NERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, NRMRL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Arcadis US Inc., Durham, North Carolina, 27713, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, National Toxicology Program Division, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711 and Pathology Associates Inc., Charles River Laboratories, Durham, North Carolina, 27703.
authors.forename: Matthew Ian
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Gilmour
authors.affiliation: *Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, Environmental Characterization and Apportionment Branch, NERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, NRMRL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, Arcadis US Inc., Durham, North Carolina, 27713, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, National Toxicology Program Division, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711 and Pathology Associates Inc., Charles River Laboratories, Durham, North Carolina, 27703.
authors.forename: Urmila P
authors.initials: UP
authors.lastname: Kodavanti
mesh_terms: D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D002563:Cerium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005742:Gasoline / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D055370:Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D005742:Gasoline; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D002563:Cerium; C030583:ceric oxide; D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase
keywords: cardiopulmonary; cerium oxide; diesel exhaust; nanoparticle