title: Hyperuricemia is a risk factor for the onset of impaired fasting glucose in men with a high plasma glucose level: a community-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is not clear whether elevated uric acid is a risk factor for the onset of impaired fasting glucose after stratifying by baseline fasting plasma glucose levels. We conducted a community-based retrospective longitudinal cohort study to clarify the relationship between uric acid levels and the onset of impaired fasting glucose, according to baseline fasting plasma glucose levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 6,403 persons (3,194 men and 3,209 women), each of whom was 18-80 years old and had > 2 annual check-ups during 2003-2010. After excluding persons who had fasting plasma glucose levels ≥ 6.11 mM and/or were currently taking anti-diabetic agents, the remaining 5,924 subjects were classified into quartiles according to baseline fasting plasma glucose levels. The onset of impaired fasting glucose was defined as fasting plasma glucose ≥ 6.11 mM during the observation period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the quartile groups, 0.9%, 2.1%, 3.4%, and 20.2% of the men developed impaired fasting glucose, respectively, and 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, and 5.6% of the women developed impaired fasting glucose, respectively (P trend <0.001). After adjusting for age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, triacylglycerols, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, creatinine, fatty liver, family history of diabetes, alcohol consumption, and current smoking, uric acid levels were positively associated with onset of impaired fasting glucose in men with highest-quartile fasting plasma glucose levels (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.003; 95% confidence interval, 1.0001-1.005, P = 0.041).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among men with high fasting plasma glucose, hyperuricemia may be independently associated with an elevated risk of developing impaired fasting glucose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Teruki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan; Department of Community Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Teru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirooka
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan; Ehime General Health Care Association, Misake, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Keitarou
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan; Ehime General Health Care Association, Misake, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuhito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koizumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Todo
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Ehime General Health Care Association, Misake, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Kohichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitai
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Bunzo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hiasa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005215:Fasting; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D014527:Uric Acid