title: Halitosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Halitosis can be caused by oral disease or by respiratory tract conditions such as sinusitis, tonsillitis, and bronchiectasis, but an estimated 40% of affected individuals have no underlying organic disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of treatments in people with physiological halitosis? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to July 2013 (Clinical evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found 11 studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this systematic review, we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: artificial saliva; cleaning, brushing, or scraping the tongue; regular use of mouthwash; sugar-free chewing gums; and zinc toothpastes.
authors.affiliation: UCL - Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK.
authors.forename: Crispian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scully
mesh_terms: D002638:Chewing Gum; D006209:Halitosis / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D009067:Mouthwashes; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D014059:Tongue; D014100:Toothpastes
chemical_list: D002638:Chewing Gum; D009067:Mouthwashes; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D014100:Toothpastes