title: The effects of x-ray beam hardening on detective quantum efficiency and radiation dose.
abstract: The goal of this preliminary study was to investigate the effects of x-ray beam hardening on the detective quantum efficiency (DQE) and the radiation dose of an inline x-ray imaging system. The ability to decrease the risk of harmful radiation to the patient without compromising the detection capability would more effectively balance the tradeoff between image quality and radiation dose, and therefore benefit the fields of diagnostic x-ray imaging, especially mammography. The DQE and the average glandular dose were both calculated under the same experimental conditions for a range of beam hardening levels, corresponding to no added beam hardening and two thicknesses each of Rhodium (Rh) and Molybdenum (Mo) filters. The dose calculation results demonstrate a reduction of 15% to 24% for the range of beam hardening levels. The comparison of all quantities comprising the DQE exhibit very close correlation between the results obtained without added beam hardening to the results corresponding to the range of beam hardening levels. For the specific experimental conditions utilized in this preliminary study, the results are an indication that the use of beam hardening holds the potential to reduce the radiation dose without decreasing the performance of the system. Future studies will seek to apply this method in a clinical environment and perform a comprehensive image quality evaluation, in an effort to further evaluate the potential of beam hardening to balance the tradeoff between dose and image quality.
authors.affiliation: Center for Bioengineering and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
authors.forename: Molly Donovan
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Xizeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Center for Bioengineering and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D008327:Mammography / Q000379:methods*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Diagnostic x-ray imaging; beam hardening; detective quantum efficiency (DQE); modulation transfer function (MTF); noise equivalent quanta (NEQ); noise power spectrum (NPS); radiation dose