title: An update on the risk prediction and prevention of anticancer therapy-induced cardiotoxicity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiotoxicity is a well established complication of anticancer therapy. As cancer survivorship and life expectancy for cancer patients improves, the morbidity and mortality of anticancer therapy-related cardiotoxicity has become more problematic. It is of utmost importance to identify patients at the highest risk for the development of cardiotoxicity and to determine strategies for prevention, early detection and treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical risk factors, biomarkers, advanced cardiac imaging and pharmacogenomics may be used to classify patients at risk for therapy-induced cardiotoxicity. A much broader armamentarium of imaging modalities for risk prediction, in addition to simple two-dimensional echocardiogram and radionucleotide angiography, has also shown clinical utility in identifying early-onset cardiotoxicity and areas of reversible myocardial injury. Exciting new research aimed at predicting cardiotoxicity and developing cardioprotective strategies may lead to changes in the administration of cardiotoxic chemotherapies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Personalized assessments of the risks and benefits of therapy should be used as opposed to standardized dosing and schedules. Patients at higher risk for cardiotoxicity should receive closer monitoring, cardioprotective agents, dose adjustment or alternative regimens in an effort to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Future research will hopefully define specific risk prediction tools and clinical protocols to prevent irreversible cardiotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: aInternal Medicine Residents bMedicine-Cardiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois cComprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA *Manali Bhave and Ami N. Shah contributed equally to the writing of this article.
authors.forename: Manali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhave
authors.forename: Ami N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Nausheen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akhter
authors.forename: Steven T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Rosen
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D066126:Cardiotoxicity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents