title: Relationship between resilience and quality of life in diabetics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship between resilience and quality of life of diabetes patients controlling the effect of personal level (i.e., gender, age, and income) and disease-specific (i.e., duration of disease, and current glucose level) demographics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analytical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient Departments of various hospitals in Islamabad and Rawalpindi, from October to November 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients diagnosed with diabetes taking treatment in an outdoor patients' facility were included. Patients with a major diabetes complications causing or coexistent with a physical disability, medical condition or psychiatric comorbidity were excluded. Informed consent was taken from patients before administration of questionnaires. The patients were asked to respond to a demographic sheet, State-Trait resilience inventory, and WHO-Quality of Life BREF. Statistical testing was conducting using bivariate correlation, Mann-Whitney U-test, and multiple linear regression analysis for moderation testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 242 patients including (n=108, 44% females; and n=134, 56% males) aged 17 - 85 years with mean of 44.56 ± 16.56 years. Trait resilience predicted all aspects of quality of life of diabetic patients (b range = 0.30 to 0.42, p < .01) and explained 17% variance in physical functioning, 29% in psychological functioning, 17% in environmental functioning, 30% in social dimension, and 29% in overall quality of life. Duration of diabetes moderated effect of state resilience on all aspects of quality of life (b interaction range = 0.20 to 0.26, p < .05) and explained an additional 4% variance in physical functioning, 5% in psychological functioning, 3% in environmental functioning, 5% in social dimension, and 4% in overall quality of life of diabetics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trait resilience has unconditional positive effect on all aspect of quality of life. Long standing diabetics may benefit from intervention addressing state resilience.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Psychology, Center of Excellence, Quaidi-Azam University, Islamabad.
authors.forename: Abida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nawaz
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Psychology, Center of Excellence, Quaidi-Azam University, Islamabad.
authors.forename: Jamil A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Psychology, Center of Excellence, Quaidi-Azam University, Islamabad.
authors.forename: Azra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Batool
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000523:psychology*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011788:Quality of Life; D012044:Regression Analysis; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D012737:Sex Factors; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult