title: Mechanism of the protective effect of Yulangsan flavonoid on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Effect and mechanism of Yulangsan flavonoid (YLSF) on rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI) has been investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into seven groups (sham group, model group and NS group: 2 mL of normal saline/kg body weight was administered; diltiazem group: 5 mg of diltiazem hydrochloride/kg body weight was administered; YLSFL, YLSFM and YLSFH groups: 20, 40 and 80 mg of YLSF/kg body weight was administered) and the MI/RI model was established. Myocardial infarct area, levels of myocardial enzymes and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were measured. Caspase-3 and adenine nucleotide translocator-1 (ANT1) mRNA expression were evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Pathological structure and cardiocyte ultrastructure were also analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the MI/RI group, pretreatment with YLSF or diltiazem hydrochloride decreased the infarct area, levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), caspase-3 as well as the leakage of myocardial enzyme and increased activities of total nitric oxide synthase (tNOS) as well as constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS). Cellular edema and the infiltration of inflammatory cells were alleviated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The experiment showed that YLSF protected the heart against MI/RI, possibly by reducing lipid peroxidation damage, regulating NOS activity and modulating the apoptosis genes expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China.
authors.forename: Xudong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xingmei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Shijun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhongshi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chunxia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Youjia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Feifei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xuan
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Renbin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D020011:Protective Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D053148:Caspase 3