title: Case management to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in American Indians and Alaska Natives with diabetes: results from the Special Diabetes Program for Indians Healthy Heart Demonstration Project.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) with diabetes in the Special Diabetes Program for Indians Healthy Heart (SDPI-HH) Demonstration Project.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multidisciplinary teams implemented an intensive case management intervention among 30 health care programs serving 138 tribes. The project recruited 3373 participants, with and without current CVD, between 2006 and 2009. We examined data collected at baseline and 1 year later to determine whether improvements occurred in CVD risk factors and in Framingham coronary heart disease (CHD) risk scores, aspirin use, and smoking status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A1c levels decreased an average of 0.2% (P < .001). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride levels decreased, with the largest significant reduction in LDL cholesterol (∆ = -5.29 mg/dL; P < .001). Average Framingham CHD risk scores also decreased significantly. Aspirin therapy increased significantly, and smoking decreased. Participants with more case management visits had significantly greater reductions in LDL cholesterol and A1c values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SDPI-HH successfully translated an intensive case management intervention. Creative retention strategies and an improved understanding of organizational challenges are needed for future Indian health translational efforts.
authors.affiliation: Kelly Moore, Spero M. Manson, Janette Beals, William Henderson, and Katherine Pratte are with the Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora. Luohua Jiang is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Rural Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station. Kelly J. Acton is with the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, San Francisco, CA. Yvette Roubideaux is with the Office of the Director, Indian Health Service (IHS), Rockville, MD.
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Luohua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Spero M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Manson
authors.forename: Janette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beals
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pratte
authors.forename: Kelly J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Acton
authors.forename: Yvette
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Roubideaux
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000413:Alaska; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019090:Case Management; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010348:Patient Care Team; D010865:Pilot Projects; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D014280:Triglycerides; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human