title: [Oral magnesium supplementation: an adjuvant alternative to facing the worldwide challenge of type 2 diabetes?].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the search for answers that contribute to the metabolic control of patients with diabetes and the primary prevention of the disease, we performed a review of the evidence from cohort studies on the relationship between serum and/or magnesium intake with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes as well as of clinical trials on the efficacy of oral magnesium salts on reducing glycemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  An electronic search using the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, updated to September 30, 2013, was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of seven cohort studies (24,388 persons/year) show unequivocally that magnesium intake is associated with decreased risk of developing type 2 diabetes; two studies (13,076 persons/year) indicate that low magnesium intake is not associated with the risk of diabetes; one study (8,735 persons/year) shows that hypomagnesemia is associated with the development of impaired glucose metabolism. A total of 11 randomized controlled trials were identified; five show the effectiveness of oral magnesium salts in reducing glycemia in high-risk subjects and six studies carried out in patients with type 2 diabetes show inconsistent results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Magnesium intake in the customary diet of subjects of the general population and the high-risk groups and/or oral magnesium supplementation is recommended for the prevention of diabetes. The efficacy of oral magnesium supplementation in the reduction of glucose levels in type 2 diabetic patients is inconsistent.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Delagación Durango, Durango, Mexico. guerrero.romero@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guerrero-Romero
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Morán
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008275:Magnesium Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008274:Magnesium
keywords: clinical trial; cohort; cohorte; diabetes; ensayo clínico; glucemia; glycemia; magnesio; magnesium