title: Randomized phase II adjuvant factorial study of dose-dense temozolomide alone and in combination with isotretinoin, celecoxib, and/or thalidomide for glioblastoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chemoradiation, followed by adjuvant temozolomide, is the standard treatment for newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Adding other active agents may enhance treatment efficacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary objective of this factorial phase II study was to determine if one of 3 potential chemotherapy agents added to dose-dense temozolomide (ddTMZ) improves progression-free survival (PFS) for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. A prior phase I trial established the safety of combining ddTMZ with isotretinoin, celecoxib, and/or thalidomide. Adults with good performance status and no evidence of progression post chemoradiation were randomized into 8 arms: ddTMZ alone (7 days on/7 days off) or doublet, triplet, and quadruplet combinations with isotretinoin, celecoxib, and thalidomide.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study enrolled 155 participants with a median age of 53 years (range, 18-84 y). None of the agents demonstrated improved PFS when compared with arms not containing that specific agent. There was no difference in PFS for triplet compared with doublet regimens, although a trend for improved overall survival (OS) was seen (20.1 vs 17.0 months, P = .15). Compared with ddTMZ, the ddTMZ + isotretinoin doublet had worse PFS (10.5 vs 6.5 months, P = .043) and OS (21.2 vs 11.7 months, P = .037). Trends were also seen for worse outcomes with isotretinoin-containing regimens, but there was no impact with celecoxib or thalidomide combinations. Treatment was well tolerated with expected high rates of lymphopenia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results do not establish a benefit for these combinations but indicate that adding isotretinoin to ddTMZ may be detrimental. This study demonstrated the feasibility and utility of the factorial design in efficiently testing drug combinations in newly diagnosed glioblastoma.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT00112502.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.P.-P., M.D.G., V.A.L., J.F.D.G., C.A.C., M.E.L., W.K.A.Y., M.R.G.); Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.R.H.); General Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.F., L.W.L.); Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (A.M.); Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A); Department of Neurosurgery, Kaiser Permanente Redwood City Medical Center, Redwood City, California (V.A.L.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio (V.K.P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Atlanta Regional Community Clinical Oncology Program, Georgia Cancer Specialists, Canton, Georgia (G.V.-.R.); Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Charleston, South Carolina (P.G.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Overland Park, Kansas (M.E.S.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Francis Medical Center, Cape Girardeau, Missouri (J.D.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.H.H.); Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (J.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, U.S.C Norris Cancer Hospital, Los Angeles, California (E.L.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky (S.Y.W.).
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Penas-Prado
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.P.-P., M.D.G., V.A.L., J.F.D.G., C.A.C., M.E.L., W.K.A.Y., M.R.G.); Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.R.H.); General Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.F., L.W.L.); Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (A.M.); Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A); Department of Neurosurgery, Kaiser Permanente Redwood City Medical Center, Redwood City, California (V.A.L.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio (V.K.P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Atlanta Regional Community Clinical Oncology Program, Georgia Cancer Specialists, Canton, Georgia (G.V.-.R.); Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Charleston, South Carolina (P.G.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Overland Park, Kansas (M.E.S.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Francis Medical Center, Cape Girardeau, Missouri (J.D.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.H.H.); Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (J.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, U.S.C Norris Cancer Hospital, Los Angeles, California (E.L.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky (S.Y.W.).
authors.forename: Kenneth R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.P.-P., M.D.G., V.A.L., J.F.D.G., C.A.C., M.E.L., W.K.A.Y., M.R.G.); Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.R.H.); General Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.F., L.W.L.); Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (A.M.); Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A); Department of Neurosurgery, Kaiser Permanente Redwood City Medical Center, Redwood City, California (V.A.L.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio (V.K.P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Atlanta Regional Community Clinical Oncology Program, Georgia Cancer Specialists, Canton, Georgia (G.V.-.R.); Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Charleston, South Carolina (P.G.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Overland Park, Kansas (M.E.S.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Francis Medical Center, Cape Girardeau, Missouri (J.D.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.H.H.); Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (J.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, U.S.C Norris Cancer Hospital, Los Angeles, California (E.L.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky (S.Y.W.).
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fisch
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.P.-P., M.D.G., V.A.L., J.F.D.G., C.A.C., M.E.L., W.K.A.Y., M.R.G.); Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.R.H.); General Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.F., L.W.L.); Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (A.M.); Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A); Department of Neurosurgery, Kaiser Permanente Redwood City Medical Center, Redwood City, California (V.A.L.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio (V.K.P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Atlanta Regional Community Clinical Oncology Program, Georgia Cancer Specialists, Canton, Georgia (G.V.-.R.); Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Charleston, South Carolina (P.G.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Overland Park, Kansas (M.E.S.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Francis Medical Center, Cape Girardeau, Missouri (J.D.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.H.H.); Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (J.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, U.S.C Norris Cancer Hospital, Los Angeles, California (E.L.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky (S.Y.W.).
authors.forename: Lore W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Lagrone
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.P.-P., M.D.G., V.A.L., J.F.D.G., C.A.C., M.E.L., W.K.A.Y., M.R.G.); Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.R.H.); General Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.F., L.W.L.); Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (A.M.); Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A); Department of Neurosurgery, Kaiser Permanente Redwood City Medical Center, Redwood City, California (V.A.L.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio (V.K.P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Atlanta Regional Community Clinical Oncology Program, Georgia Cancer Specialists, Canton, Georgia (G.V.-.R.); Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Charleston, South Carolina (P.G.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Overland Park, Kansas (M.E.S.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Francis Medical Center, Cape Girardeau, Missouri (J.D.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.H.H.); Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (J.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, U.S.C Norris Cancer Hospital, Los Angeles, California (E.L.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky (S.Y.W.).
authors.forename: Morris D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Groves
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.P.-P., M.D.G., V.A.L., J.F.D.G., C.A.C., M.E.L., W.K.A.Y., M.R.G.); Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.R.H.); General Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.F., L.W.L.); Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (A.M.); Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A); Department of Neurosurgery, Kaiser Permanente Redwood City Medical Center, Redwood City, California (V.A.L.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio (V.K.P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Atlanta Regional Community Clinical Oncology Program, Georgia Cancer Specialists, Canton, Georgia (G.V.-.R.); Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Charleston, South Carolina (P.G.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Overland Park, Kansas (M.E.S.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Francis Medical Center, Cape Girardeau, Missouri (J.D.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.H.H.); Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (J.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, U.S.C Norris Cancer Hospital, Los Angeles, California (E.L.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky (S.Y.W.).
authors.forename: Victor A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.P.-P., M.D.G., V.A.L., J.F.D.G., C.A.C., M.E.L., W.K.A.Y., M.R.G.); Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.R.H.); General Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.F., L.W.L.); Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (A.M.); Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A); Department of Neurosurgery, Kaiser Permanente Redwood City Medical Center, Redwood City, California (V.A.L.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio (V.K.P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Atlanta Regional Community Clinical Oncology Program, Georgia Cancer Specialists, Canton, Georgia (G.V.-.R.); Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Charleston, South Carolina (P.G.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Overland Park, Kansas (M.E.S.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Francis Medical Center, Cape Girardeau, Missouri (J.D.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.H.H.); Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (J.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, U.S.C Norris Cancer Hospital, Los Angeles, California (E.L.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky (S.Y.W.).
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: De Groot
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.P.-P., M.D.G., V.A.L., J.F.D.G., C.A.C., M.E.L., W.K.A.Y., M.R.G.); Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.R.H.); General Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.F., L.W.L.); Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (A.M.); Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A); Department of Neurosurgery, Kaiser Permanente Redwood City Medical Center, Redwood City, California (V.A.L.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio (V.K.P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Atlanta Regional Community Clinical Oncology Program, Georgia Cancer Specialists, Canton, Georgia (G.V.-.R.); Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Charleston, South Carolina (P.G.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Overland Park, Kansas (M.E.S.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Francis Medical Center, Cape Girardeau, Missouri (J.D.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.H.H.); Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (J.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, U.S.C Norris Cancer Hospital, Los Angeles, California (E.L.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky (S.Y.W.).
authors.forename: Vinay K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Puduvalli
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.P.-P., M.D.G., V.A.L., J.F.D.G., C.A.C., M.E.L., W.K.A.Y., M.R.G.); Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.R.H.); General Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.F., L.W.L.); Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (A.M.); Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A); Department of Neurosurgery, Kaiser Permanente Redwood City Medical Center, Redwood City, California (V.A.L.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio (V.K.P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Atlanta Regional Community Clinical Oncology Program, Georgia Cancer Specialists, Canton, Georgia (G.V.-.R.); Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Charleston, South Carolina (P.G.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Overland Park, Kansas (M.E.S.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Francis Medical Center, Cape Girardeau, Missouri (J.D.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.H.H.); Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (J.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, U.S.C Norris Cancer Hospital, Los Angeles, California (E.L.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky (S.Y.W.).
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Colman
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.P.-P., M.D.G., V.A.L., J.F.D.G., C.A.C., M.E.L., W.K.A.Y., M.R.G.); Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.R.H.); General Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.F., L.W.L.); Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (A.M.); Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A); Department of Neurosurgery, Kaiser Permanente Redwood City Medical Center, Redwood City, California (V.A.L.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio (V.K.P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Atlanta Regional Community Clinical Oncology Program, Georgia Cancer Specialists, Canton, Georgia (G.V.-.R.); Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Charleston, South Carolina (P.G.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Overland Park, Kansas (M.E.S.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Francis Medical Center, Cape Girardeau, Missouri (J.D.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.H.H.); Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (J.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, U.S.C Norris Cancer Hospital, Los Angeles, California (E.L.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky (S.Y.W.).
authors.forename: Gena
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Volas-Redd
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.P.-P., M.D.G., V.A.L., J.F.D.G., C.A.C., M.E.L., W.K.A.Y., M.R.G.); Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.R.H.); General Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.F., L.W.L.); Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (A.M.); Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A); Department of Neurosurgery, Kaiser Permanente Redwood City Medical Center, Redwood City, California (V.A.L.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio (V.K.P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Atlanta Regional Community Clinical Oncology Program, Georgia Cancer Specialists, Canton, Georgia (G.V.-.R.); Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Charleston, South Carolina (P.G.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Overland Park, Kansas (M.E.S.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Francis Medical Center, Cape Girardeau, Missouri (J.D.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.H.H.); Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (J.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, U.S.C Norris Cancer Hospital, Los Angeles, California (E.L.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky (S.Y.W.).
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giglio
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.P.-P., M.D.G., V.A.L., J.F.D.G., C.A.C., M.E.L., W.K.A.Y., M.R.G.); Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.R.H.); General Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.F., L.W.L.); Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (A.M.); Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A); Department of Neurosurgery, Kaiser Permanente Redwood City Medical Center, Redwood City, California (V.A.L.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio (V.K.P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Atlanta Regional Community Clinical Oncology Program, Georgia Cancer Specialists, Canton, Georgia (G.V.-.R.); Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Charleston, South Carolina (P.G.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Overland Park, Kansas (M.E.S.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Francis Medical Center, Cape Girardeau, Missouri (J.D.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.H.H.); Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (J.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, U.S.C Norris Cancer Hospital, Los Angeles, California (E.L.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky (S.Y.W.).
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Conrad
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.P.-P., M.D.G., V.A.L., J.F.D.G., C.A.C., M.E.L., W.K.A.Y., M.R.G.); Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.R.H.); General Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.F., L.W.L.); Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (A.M.); Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A); Department of Neurosurgery, Kaiser Permanente Redwood City Medical Center, Redwood City, California (V.A.L.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio (V.K.P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Atlanta Regional Community Clinical Oncology Program, Georgia Cancer Specialists, Canton, Georgia (G.V.-.R.); Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Charleston, South Carolina (P.G.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Overland Park, Kansas (M.E.S.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Francis Medical Center, Cape Girardeau, Missouri (J.D.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.H.H.); Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (J.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, U.S.C Norris Cancer Hospital, Los Angeles, California (E.L.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky (S.Y.W.).
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Salacz
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.P.-P., M.D.G., V.A.L., J.F.D.G., C.A.C., M.E.L., W.K.A.Y., M.R.G.); Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.R.H.); General Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.F., L.W.L.); Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (A.M.); Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A); Department of Neurosurgery, Kaiser Permanente Redwood City Medical Center, Redwood City, California (V.A.L.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio (V.K.P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Atlanta Regional Community Clinical Oncology Program, Georgia Cancer Specialists, Canton, Georgia (G.V.-.R.); Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Charleston, South Carolina (P.G.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Overland Park, Kansas (M.E.S.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Francis Medical Center, Cape Girardeau, Missouri (J.D.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.H.H.); Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (J.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, U.S.C Norris Cancer Hospital, Los Angeles, California (E.L.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky (S.Y.W.).
authors.forename: Justin D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Floyd
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.P.-P., M.D.G., V.A.L., J.F.D.G., C.A.C., M.E.L., W.K.A.Y., M.R.G.); Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.R.H.); General Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.F., L.W.L.); Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (A.M.); Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A); Department of Neurosurgery, Kaiser Permanente Redwood City Medical Center, Redwood City, California (V.A.L.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio (V.K.P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Atlanta Regional Community Clinical Oncology Program, Georgia Cancer Specialists, Canton, Georgia (G.V.-.R.); Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Charleston, South Carolina (P.G.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Overland Park, Kansas (M.E.S.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Francis Medical Center, Cape Girardeau, Missouri (J.D.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.H.H.); Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (J.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, U.S.C Norris Cancer Hospital, Los Angeles, California (E.L.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky (S.Y.W.).
authors.forename: Monica E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Loghin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.P.-P., M.D.G., V.A.L., J.F.D.G., C.A.C., M.E.L., W.K.A.Y., M.R.G.); Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.R.H.); General Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.F., L.W.L.); Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (A.M.); Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A); Department of Neurosurgery, Kaiser Permanente Redwood City Medical Center, Redwood City, California (V.A.L.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio (V.K.P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Atlanta Regional Community Clinical Oncology Program, Georgia Cancer Specialists, Canton, Georgia (G.V.-.R.); Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Charleston, South Carolina (P.G.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Overland Park, Kansas (M.E.S.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Francis Medical Center, Cape Girardeau, Missouri (J.D.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.H.H.); Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (J.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, U.S.C Norris Cancer Hospital, Los Angeles, California (E.L.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky (S.Y.W.).
authors.forename: Sigmund H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.P.-P., M.D.G., V.A.L., J.F.D.G., C.A.C., M.E.L., W.K.A.Y., M.R.G.); Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.R.H.); General Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.F., L.W.L.); Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (A.M.); Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A); Department of Neurosurgery, Kaiser Permanente Redwood City Medical Center, Redwood City, California (V.A.L.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio (V.K.P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Atlanta Regional Community Clinical Oncology Program, Georgia Cancer Specialists, Canton, Georgia (G.V.-.R.); Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Charleston, South Carolina (P.G.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Overland Park, Kansas (M.E.S.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Francis Medical Center, Cape Girardeau, Missouri (J.D.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.H.H.); Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (J.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, U.S.C Norris Cancer Hospital, Los Angeles, California (E.L.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky (S.Y.W.).
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.P.-P., M.D.G., V.A.L., J.F.D.G., C.A.C., M.E.L., W.K.A.Y., M.R.G.); Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.R.H.); General Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.F., L.W.L.); Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (A.M.); Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A); Department of Neurosurgery, Kaiser Permanente Redwood City Medical Center, Redwood City, California (V.A.L.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio (V.K.P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Atlanta Regional Community Clinical Oncology Program, Georgia Cancer Specialists, Canton, Georgia (G.V.-.R.); Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Charleston, South Carolina (P.G.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Overland Park, Kansas (M.E.S.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Francis Medical Center, Cape Girardeau, Missouri (J.D.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.H.H.); Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (J.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, U.S.C Norris Cancer Hospital, Los Angeles, California (E.L.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky (S.Y.W.).
authors.forename: Eric L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.P.-P., M.D.G., V.A.L., J.F.D.G., C.A.C., M.E.L., W.K.A.Y., M.R.G.); Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.R.H.); General Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.F., L.W.L.); Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (A.M.); Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A); Department of Neurosurgery, Kaiser Permanente Redwood City Medical Center, Redwood City, California (V.A.L.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio (V.K.P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Atlanta Regional Community Clinical Oncology Program, Georgia Cancer Specialists, Canton, Georgia (G.V.-.R.); Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Charleston, South Carolina (P.G.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Overland Park, Kansas (M.E.S.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Francis Medical Center, Cape Girardeau, Missouri (J.D.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.H.H.); Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (J.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, U.S.C Norris Cancer Hospital, Los Angeles, California (E.L.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky (S.Y.W.).
authors.forename: Shiao Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.P.-P., M.D.G., V.A.L., J.F.D.G., C.A.C., M.E.L., W.K.A.Y., M.R.G.); Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.R.H.); General Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.F., L.W.L.); Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (A.M.); Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A); Department of Neurosurgery, Kaiser Permanente Redwood City Medical Center, Redwood City, California (V.A.L.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio (V.K.P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Atlanta Regional Community Clinical Oncology Program, Georgia Cancer Specialists, Canton, Georgia (G.V.-.R.); Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Charleston, South Carolina (P.G.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Overland Park, Kansas (M.E.S.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Francis Medical Center, Cape Girardeau, Missouri (J.D.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.H.H.); Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (J.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, U.S.C Norris Cancer Hospital, Los Angeles, California (E.L.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky (S.Y.W.).
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahajan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.P.-P., M.D.G., V.A.L., J.F.D.G., C.A.C., M.E.L., W.K.A.Y., M.R.G.); Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.R.H.); General Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.F., L.W.L.); Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (A.M.); Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A); Department of Neurosurgery, Kaiser Permanente Redwood City Medical Center, Redwood City, California (V.A.L.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio (V.K.P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Atlanta Regional Community Clinical Oncology Program, Georgia Cancer Specialists, Canton, Georgia (G.V.-.R.); Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Charleston, South Carolina (P.G.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Overland Park, Kansas (M.E.S.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Francis Medical Center, Cape Girardeau, Missouri (J.D.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.H.H.); Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (J.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, U.S.C Norris Cancer Hospital, Los Angeles, California (E.L.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky (S.Y.W.).
authors.forename: Kenneth D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Aldape
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.P.-P., M.D.G., V.A.L., J.F.D.G., C.A.C., M.E.L., W.K.A.Y., M.R.G.); Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.R.H.); General Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.F., L.W.L.); Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (A.M.); Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A); Department of Neurosurgery, Kaiser Permanente Redwood City Medical Center, Redwood City, California (V.A.L.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio (V.K.P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Atlanta Regional Community Clinical Oncology Program, Georgia Cancer Specialists, Canton, Georgia (G.V.-.R.); Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Charleston, South Carolina (P.G.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Overland Park, Kansas (M.E.S.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Francis Medical Center, Cape Girardeau, Missouri (J.D.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.H.H.); Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (J.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, U.S.C Norris Cancer Hospital, Los Angeles, California (E.L.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky (S.Y.W.).
authors.forename: W K Alfred
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Yung
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.P.-P., M.D.G., V.A.L., J.F.D.G., C.A.C., M.E.L., W.K.A.Y., M.R.G.); Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.R.H.); General Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.F., L.W.L.); Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (A.M.); Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A); Department of Neurosurgery, Kaiser Permanente Redwood City Medical Center, Redwood City, California (V.A.L.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio (V.K.P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Atlanta Regional Community Clinical Oncology Program, Georgia Cancer Specialists, Canton, Georgia (G.V.-.R.); Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Charleston, South Carolina (P.G.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Overland Park, Kansas (M.E.S.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Francis Medical Center, Cape Girardeau, Missouri (J.D.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.H.H.); Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (J.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, U.S.C Norris Cancer Hospital, Los Angeles, California (E.L.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky (S.Y.W.).
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gilbert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000068579:Celecoxib; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015474:Isotretinoin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077204:Temozolomide; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D004338:Drug Combinations; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013792:Thalidomide; D003606:Dacarbazine; D015474:Isotretinoin; D000068579:Celecoxib; D000077204:Temozolomide
keywords: celecoxib; factorial design; glioblastoma; isotretinoin; temozolomide; thalidomide