title: Combination of Unmix and positive matrix factorization model identifying contributions to carcinogenicity and mutagenicity for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons sources in Liaohe delta reed wetland soils, China.
abstract: Surface soils were collected from Liaohe delta, China, the largest reed wetland in the world dominated by common reed (Phragmites australis). Samples were analyzed for sixteen priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by GC/MS. The potential source patterns and source contributions to seven carcinogenic PAH congeners were performed by combining of Unmix and positive matrix factorization (PMF) model with the formula of toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ BaP) and mutagenic equivalent quantity (MEQ BaP), respectively. Four source categories, including petrogenic source, biomass burning, diesel emission and coal combustion, were identified by Unmix and PMF models. For both Unmix and PMF model, the mixed sources (gasoline and diesel engine emission) contributed the most to the TEQ BaP and MEQ BaP, while petrogenic source, the largest contributor for PAHs, made lower contribution to TEQ BaP and MEQ BaP. Minor source contribution difference was found between two models, which might be attributed to uncertainties model parameters and species variables. Hence, it is very essential to use combined source apportionment techniques for quantitatively identifying PAHs sources and estimated their carcinogenicity and mutagenicity.
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China. Electronic address: yhlang@ouc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yin-Hai
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
authors.forename: Guo-Liang
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Mei
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bai
mesh_terms: D002273:Carcinogens / Q000032:analysis*; D002681:China; D003031:Coal; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009153:Mutagens; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D053833:Wetlands
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D003031:Coal; D009153:Mutagens; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: Carcinogenicity; Mutagenicity; PAHs; Reed wetland; Source apportionment