title: Antiviral Activity of Sulfated Polysaccharide of Adenanthera pavonina against Poliovirus in HEp-2 Cells.
abstract: Adenanthera pavonina, popularly known as red-bead tree, carolina, pigeon's eye, and dragon's eye, is a plant traditionally used in Brazil for the treatment of several diseases. The present study aimed at evaluating the activity of sulfated polysaccharide from the Adenanthera pavonina (SPLSAp) seeds against poliovirus type 1 (PV-1) in HEp-2 cell cultures. The SPLSAp presented a cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of 500 μg/mL in HEp-2 cell cultures, evaluated by the dimethylthiazolyl-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method (MTT). The SPLSAp exhibited a significant antiviral activity, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.18 µg/mL, determined by plaque reduction assay and a high selectivity index (SI) of 423. The maximum inhibition (100%) of PV replication was found when the SPLSAp treatment was concomitant with viral infection (time 0 h), at all tested concentrations. The maximal inhibition was also found when the SPLSAp was used 1 h and 2 h postinfection, albeit at 50 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL. Therefore, we demonstrated that the SPLSAp inhibited PV growth. We also suggested that SPLSAp inhibited PV in more than one step of the replication, as the mechanism of antiviral action. We, therefore, selected the compound as a potential candidate for further development towards the control of the infection.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, CCB, UEL, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ananda Marques
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: de Godoi
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, CCB, UEL, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lígia Carla
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Faccin-Galhardi
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, CCB, UEL, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nayara
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, CCB, UEL, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniele Zendrini
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9361-8517
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Rechenchoski
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, UFC, 60020-181 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raimundo Rafael
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, UFC, 60020-181 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nágila Maria Pontes Silva
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Ricardo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, CCB, UEL, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nozawa
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, CCB, UEL, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosa Elisa Carvalho
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Linhares