title: Evidence that nitric oxide is a non-adrenergic non-cholinergic inhibitory neurotransmitter in the circular muscle of the mouse distal colon: a study on the mechanism of nitric oxide-induced relaxation.
abstract: The gastrointestinal tract is composed of outer longitudinal muscle layers and inner circular muscle layers. Nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and ATP play major roles as non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) inhibitory neurotransmitters in the longitudinal muscle of the mouse distal colon, whereas it is unclear which NANC inhibitory neurotransmitters are in its circular muscle. We investigated the electric field stimulation (EFS)-induced relaxations in the circular smooth muscle of the distal colon under NANC conditions. In the experiments in which N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine, an inhibitor of NO synthase, was added, the EFS-induced relaxation decreased in a concentration-dependent manner and finally vanished. In contrast, CO, purinergic receptor ligands, and peptidergic substances do not play major roles as NANC neurotransmitters in the circular muscle of the mouse distal colon. ODQ, an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase, strongly attenuated EFS-induced relaxation. Ryanodine, a Ca(2+) release modulator at the sarcoplasmic reticulum, strongly attenuated EFS-induced relaxation as well. Relaxation induced by NOR-1, which generates NO, was inhibited by ODQ and ryanodine. Next, we performed experiments that simultaneously measured tension and the cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]cyt). NOR-1 decreased the tension and [Ca(2+)]cyt levels in the circular muscle. ODQ and ryanodine strongly attenuated the NOR-1-induced change in both tension and [Ca(2+)]cyt levels. In this study, we demonstrate that NO functions as a NANC inhibitory neurotransmitter in the circular muscle obtained from the mouse distal colon.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Izumisano, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.forename: Yasu-Taka
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: Kazuma
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shintaku
authors.forename: Natsuho
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Hidemitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Tadayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology; D003106:Colon / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006898:Hydroxylamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009126:Muscle Relaxation; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000502:physiology; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000502:physiology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C477506:(+-)-E-4-methyl-2-((E)-hydroxylamino)-5-nitro-6-methoxy-3-hexanamide; D006898:Hydroxylamines; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002118:Calcium