title: Lower glomerular filtration rate is associated with higher systemic vascular resistance in patients without prevalent kidney disease.
abstract: The authors examined the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration creatinine-cystatin C equation, and hemodynamics in 556 normotensive or never-treated hypertensive patients without kidney disease (mean age, 46 years). Hemodynamic variables were recorded using pulse wave analysis and whole-body impedance cardiography. The mean eGFR was 98 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (range, 64-145 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and one third of the patients had values below 92, while none had proteinuria. In linear regression analyses adjusted for differences in age, weight:height ratio, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and sex, significant associations were found between lower eGFR and higher systolic (P=.001) and diastolic blood pressure (P<.001) and higher systemic vascular resistance (P=.001). There was no association between eGFR and cardiac output or extracellular volume. In the absence of clinical kidney disease, lower eGFR was associated with higher blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance. Therefore, early impairment in kidney function may be involved in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Internal Medicine, Central Hospital of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: Kati
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vääräniemi
authors.forename: Jenni
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koskela
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tahvanainen
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tikkakoski
authors.forename: Matias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilenius
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kähönen
authors.forename: Tiit
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kööbi
authors.forename: Onni
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Niemelä
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mustonen
authors.forename: Ilkka
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pörsti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002307:Cardiography, Impedance; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000097:blood; D000075222:Essential Hypertension; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D055316:Cystatin C; D003404:Creatinine