title: Graphene supports in vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of goat adult mesenchymal stem cells: potential for bone tissue engineering.
abstract: Current treatments for bone loss injuries involve autologous and allogenic bone grafts, metal alloys and ceramics. Although these therapies have proved useful, they suffer from inherent challenges, and hence, an adequate bone replacement therapy has not yet been found. We hypothesize that graphene may be a useful nanoscaffold for mesenchymal stem cells and will promote proliferation and differentiation into bone progenitor cells. In this study, we evaluate graphene, a biocompatible inert nanomaterial, for its effect on in vitro growth and differentiation of goat adult mesenchymal stem cells. Cell proliferation and differentiation are compared between polystyrene-coated tissue culture plates and graphene-coated plates. Graphitic materials are cytocompatible and support cell adhesion and proliferation. Importantly, cells seeded on to oxidized graphene films undergo osteogenic differentiation in fetal bovine serum-containing medium without the addition of any glucocorticoid or specific growth factors. These findings support graphene's potential to act as an osteoinducer and a vehicle to deliver mesenchymal stem cells, and suggest that the combination of graphene and goat mesenchymal stem cells provides a promising construct for bone tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
authors.forename: Hoda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Elkhenany
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Amelse
authors.forename: Andersen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lafont
authors.forename: Shawn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bourdo
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caldwell
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Neilsen
authors.forename: Enkeleda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dervishi
authors.forename: Oshin
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Derek
authors.forename: Alexandru S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Biris
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Madhu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dhar
mesh_terms: D053687:Adult Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D021461:Animals, Outbred Strains; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D006041:Goats; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D007202:Indicators and Reagents / Q000737:chemistry*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D010012:Osteogenesis; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D061251:Primary Cell Culture / Q000379:methods*; D013249:Sternum; D013499:Surface Properties; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D006108:Graphite
keywords: Goat mesenchymal stem cells; bio-scaffold; osteogenesis; oxidized graphene