title: [The effect of selective phosphatase inhibitors Salubrinal on autophagy and apoptosis in the lung tissue of rats with acute paraquat poisoning].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of selective phosphatase inhibitors Salubrinal on autophagy and apoptosis in the lung tissue of rats with acute paraquat (PQ) poisoning, and to explore its mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  200 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups by randomized arrangement table formed by computer, with 50 rats in each group. PQ poisoning model was reproduced by one time gastric lavage with 1 mL of 40 mg/kg PQ solution followed by intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL normal saline (NS) once a day. The rats in control group were lavaged once with 1 mL of NS followed by intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL NS twice a day. The rats in Sal 0.5 and Sal 1.0 groups were intraperitoneal injected with 1 mL Salubrinal 0.5 mg/kg or 1.0 mg/kg on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th day after PQ poisoning once a day. The lung tissue was harvested on the 7th day after poisoning, and the changes in histomorphology were observed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The positive expression of autophagy-related protein LC3-II in lung tissue was observed after immunohistochemistry staining, and LC3-II and caspase-3 protein expressions were determined by Western Blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HE staining results showed partial abnormal pulmonary structure in the PQ poisoning group: collapse of pulmonary alveoli, enlargement of the cavity, local infiltration of inflammatory cells, increasing thickness in the alveoli wall and obvious bleeding in the local lung tissue. Compared with the PQ poisoning group, the above changes in Sal 0.5 and Sal 1.0 groups were obviously relieved. It was shown by immunohistochemistry staining that compared with control group, the positive expression of LC3-II was obviously decreased in the PQ poisoning group, Sal 0.5, and Sal 1.0 groups (A value: 78.34 ± 10.71, 76.52 ± 8.21, 77.48 ± 9.11 vs. 117.58 ± 15.26, all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in positive expression of LC3-II between each of the later three groups (all P>0.05). Western Blot results showed: compared with the control group, the protein expressions of LC3-II and caspase-3 were significantly increased in PQ poisoning group [LC3-II (A value): 0.22 ± 0.05 vs. 0.14 ± 0.03, caspase-3 (A value): 0.115 ± 0.013 vs. 0.023 ± 0.006, both P<0.05]. Compared with PQ poisoning group, the protein expressions of LC3-II and caspase-3 were obviously decreased in the Sal 0.5 and Sal 1.0 groups [LC3-II (A value): 0.19 ± 0.05, 0.18 ± 0.04 vs. 0.22 ± 0.05; caspase-3(A value): 0.078 ± 0.012, 0.076 ± 0.010 vs. 0.115 ± 0.013, all P<0.05].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The endoplasmic reticulum stress-autophagy is activated in the pulmonary cell of acute PQ poisoning rats. Salubrinal can decrease the autophagy and apoptosis in the lung of rats with acute PQ poisoning, which play a role in the treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130031, Jilin, China, Corresponding author: Sun Mingli, Email: sunmingli_1972@163.com.
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Baopeng
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Yulan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Quan
authors.forename: Mingli
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001343:Autophagy; D053148:Caspase 3; D002934:Cinnamates; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008168:Lung; D010269:Paraquat; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013890:Thiourea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D002934:Cinnamates; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C496827:salubrinal; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3; D013890:Thiourea; D010269:Paraquat