title: Docosahexaenoic acid-enriched canola oil increases adiponectin concentrations: a randomized crossover controlled intervention trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Little is known about the effect of various dietary fatty acids on pro- and anti-inflammatory processes. We investigated the effect of 5 oils containing various amounts of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), linoleic acid (LA), oleic acid (OA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on plasma inflammatory biomarkers and expression levels of key inflammatory genes and transcription factors in whole blood cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a randomized, crossover controlled nutrition intervention, 114 adult men and women with abdominal obesity and at least one other criterion for the metabolic syndrome consumed 5 experimental isoenergetic diets for 4 weeks each, separated by 4-week washout periods. Each diet provided 60 g/3000 kcal of different oils: 1) control corn/safflower oil blend (CornSaff; LA-rich), 2) flax/safflower oil blend (FlaxSaff; ALA-rich), 3) conventional canola oil (Canola; OA-rich), 4) high oleic canola oil (CanolaOleic; highest OA content), 5) DHA-enriched high oleic canola oil (CanolaDHA; OA- and DHA-rich). Gene expression in whole blood cells was assessed in a subset of 62 subjects. CanolaDHA increased plasma adiponectin concentrations compared with the control CornSaff oil treatment (+4.5%, P = 0.04) and FlaxSaff (+6.9%, P = 0.0008). CanolaDHA also reduced relative expression levels of interleukin (IL)1B compared with CornSaff and Canola (-11% and -13%, respectively, both P = 0.03). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations were lower after Canola than after FlaxSaff (-17.8%, P = 0.047).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DHA-enriched canola oil exerts anti-inflammatory effects compared with polyunsaturated fatty acids from plant sources.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baril-Gravel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
authors.forename: M-E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Labonté
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Couture
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
authors.forename: M-C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Vohl
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Charest
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Guay
authors.affiliation: Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St-Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.affiliation: Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St-Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Connelly
authors.affiliation: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: West
authors.affiliation: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Kris-Etherton
authors.affiliation: Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 6C5, Canada.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada. Electronic address: benoit.lamarche@fsaa.ulaval.ca.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lamarche
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000819:agonists* / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008875:Middle Aged; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D010414:Pennsylvania / Q000453:epidemiology; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; D012306:Risk; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D015415:Biomarkers; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids
keywords: Adiponectin; Alpha-linolenic acid; C-Reactive protein; Cardiovascular disease; Dietary oils; Docosahexaenoic acid; Inflammation; Interleukin-6