title: Ambient particulate matter in a central urban area of Seoul, Korea.
abstract: The concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were monitored at a central urban area of Yongsan (YS), Seoul, Korea during 2013. The daily average concentrations of both PM2.5 and PM10 fractions, were 26.6±12.6 and 45.0±20.4 μg m(-3), respectively. The observed PM2.5 concentration slightly exceeded the annual standard value (25 μg m(-3)) set by the Korean Ministry of Environment (KMOE), while that of PM10 was slightly lower than its guideline value (50 μg m(-3)). Comparison of the monthly mean values (μg m(-3)) of both PM fractions showed maximum concentrations in January (PM2.5: 36.9 and PM10: 59.7) and minimum concentrations in September (PM10: 28.1) and October (PM2.5: 14.9). The existence of strong correlations between the concentrations of PM and some gaseous pollutants (e.g., CO, SO2, and NOx) indicated the commonality of contributing source processes, such as traffic and industrial emissions. The results of a back-trajectory (BT) analysis also suggests that the PM pollution in the study area is likely to have been affected by many sources such as Asian dust, volcanic emissions, and industrial activities in the surrounding countries (China, Russia, and Japan).
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 133-791, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kowsalya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vellingiri
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 133-791, South Korea. Electronic address: kkim61@hanyang.ac.korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Fukuoka Women's University, Fukuoka 813-8529, Japan.
authors.forename: Chang-Jin
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Chemistry, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, South Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Hee
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Seoul Metropolitan Institute of Public Health & Environment, Seoul 137-734, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ik-Soo
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Analytical Science Division, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK.
authors.forename: Richard J C
authors.initials: RJC
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D066106:Seoul; D013997:Time Factors; D018707:Volcanic Eruptions
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D004391:Dust; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: Back-trajectory; HYSPLIT; PM(10); PM(2.5); Yongsan