title: Genetic diversity of FLO1 and FLO5 genes in wine flocculent Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains.
abstract: Twenty-eight flocculent wine strains were tested for adhesion and flocculation phenotypic variability. Moreover, the expression patterns of the main genes involved in flocculation (FLO1, FLO5 and FLO8) were studied both in synthetic medium and in presence of ethanol stress. Molecular identification and typing were achieved by PCR-RFLP of the 5.8S ITS rRNA region and microsatellite PCR fingerprinting, respectively. All isolates belong to Saccharomyces cerevisiae species. The analysis of microsatellites highlighted the intraspecific genetic diversity of flocculent wine S. cerevisiae strains allowing obtaining strain-specific profiles. Moreover, strains were characterized on the basis of adhesive properties. A wide biodiversity was observed even if none of the tested strains were able to form biofilms (or 'mats'), or to adhere to polystyrene. Moreover, genetic diversity of FLO1 and FLO5 flocculating genes was determined by PCR. Genetic diversity was detected for both genes, but a relationship with the flocculation degree was not found. So, the expression patterns of FLO1, FLO5 and FLO8 genes was investigated in a synthetic medium and a relationship between the expression of FLO5 gene and the flocculation capacity was established. To study the expression of FLO1, FLO5 and FLO8 genes in floc formation and ethanol stress resistance qRT-PCR was carried out and also in this case strains with flocculent capacity showed higher levels of FLO5 gene expression. This study confirmed the diversity of flocculation phenotype and genotype in wine yeasts. Moreover, the importance of FLO5 gene in development of high flocculent characteristic of wine yeasts was highlighted. The obtained collection of S. cerevisiae flocculent wine strains could be useful to study the relationship between the genetic variation and flocculation phenotype in wine yeasts.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via C.R. Lerici 1, 64023 Mosciano S. Angelo, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tofalo
authors.affiliation: Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via C.R. Lerici 1, 64023 Mosciano S. Angelo, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perpetuini
authors.affiliation: Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via C.R. Lerici 1, 64023 Mosciano S. Angelo, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Di Gianvito
authors.affiliation: Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via C.R. Lerici 1, 64023 Mosciano S. Angelo, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schirone
authors.affiliation: Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via C.R. Lerici 1, 64023 Mosciano S. Angelo, Italy.
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corsetti
authors.affiliation: Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via C.R. Lerici 1, 64023 Mosciano S. Angelo, Italy. Electronic address: gsuzzi@unite.it.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Suzzi
mesh_terms: D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism; D005427:Flocculation; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D037102:Lectins / Q000235:genetics*; D037241:Mannose-Binding Lectins / Q000235:genetics*; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000235:genetics; D014920:Wine / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: C087578:FLO1 protein, S cerevisiae; C103472:FLO5 protein, S cerevisiae; D037102:Lectins; D037241:Mannose-Binding Lectins; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Cell–cell adhesion; FLO genes; FLO5; Flocculation; S. cerevisiae; Wine