title: Source apportionment of atmospheric PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by a PMF receptor model. Assessment of potential risk for human health.
abstract: One year sampling (2011-2012) campaign of airborne PM2.5-bound PAH was performed in Zaragoza, Spain. A source apportionment of total PAH by Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) was applied in order to quantify potential PAH pollution sources. Four sources were apportioned: coal combustion, vehicular emissions, stationary emissions and unburned/evaporative emissions. Although Directive 2004/107/EC was fulfilled regarding benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), episodes exceeding the limit value of PM2.5 according to Directive 2008/50/EC were found. These episodes of high negative potential for human health were studied, obtaining a different pattern for the exceedances of PM2.5 and the lower assessment threshold of BaP (LATBaP). In both cases, stationary emissions contributed majority to total PAH. Lifetime cancer risk exceeded the unit risk recommended by the World Health Organization for those episodes exceeding the LATBaP and the PM2.5 exceedances for the warm season. For the cold season, the risk was higher for the LATBaP than for the PM2.5 exceedances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy and Environment, Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), Zaragoza, 50018, Spain. Electronic address: marisol@icb.csic.es.
authors.forename: María Soledad
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Callén
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy and Environment, Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), Zaragoza, 50018, Spain.
authors.forename: Amaia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iturmendi
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy and Environment, Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), Zaragoza, 50018, Spain.
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: López
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis; D003031:Coal; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006262:Health; D006801:Humans; D008956:Models, Chemical; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012621:Seasons; D013030:Spain; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D003031:Coal; D052638:Particulate Matter; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
keywords: BaP-TEQ; PAH; PM2.5; PMF; Risk assessment