title: IL28B gene polymorphism SNP rs8099917 genotype GG is associated with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) in HTLV-1 carriers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The polymorphisms of IL28B have been described as important in the pathogenesis of infections caused by some viruses. The aim of this research was to evaluate whether IL28B gene polymorphisms (SNP rs8099917 and SNP rs12979860) are associated with HAM/TSP.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 229 subjects, classified according to their neurological status in two groups: Group I (136 asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers) and Group II (93 HAM/TSP patients). The proviral loads were quantified, and the rs8099917 and rs12979860 SNPs in the region of IL28B-gene were analyzed by StepOnePlus Real-time PCR System.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A multivariate model analysis, including gender, age, and HTLV-1 DNA proviral load, showed that IL28B polymorphisms were independently associated with HAM/TSP outcome in rs12979860 genotype CT (OR = 2.03; IC95% = 0.96-4.27) and in rs8099917 genotype GG (OR = 7.61; IC95%  = 1.82-31.72).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subjects with SNP rs8099917 genotype GG and rs12979618 genotype CT may present a distinct immune response against HTLV-1 infection. So, it seems reasonable to suggest that a search for IL28B polymorphisms should be performed for all HTLV-1-infected subjects in order to monitor their risk for disease development; however, since this is the first description of such finding in the literature, we should first replicate this study with more HTLV-1-infected persons to strengthen the evidence already provided by our results.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências, Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiane
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Assone
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Doenças Infecciosas "Emilio Ribas" (IIER) de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando Vieira
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências, Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karen Oliveira
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Gaester
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Augusto Marcondes
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Olinda do Carmo
authors.initials: Odo C
authors.lastname: Luiz
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Malta
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Renato Rebello
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Pinho
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imuno-hematologia e Hematologia Forense - LIM40, Departamento de Medicina Legal, Ética Médica, Medicina Social e do Trabalho, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda de Toledo
authors.initials: Fde T
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências, Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alberto Jose da Silva
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Doenças Infecciosas "Emilio Ribas" (IIER) de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Augusto Cesar Penalva
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências, Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Casseb
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015490:HTLV-I Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology*; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1; D006801:Humans; D007372:Interferons; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015493:Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D011533:Proviruses / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019562:Viral Load; D000095022:Interferon Lambda
chemical_list: D007372:Interferons; D007378:Interleukins; C000624353:interferon-lambda, human; D000095022:Interferon Lambda