title: Sorption of the monoterpenes α-pinene and limonene to carbonaceous geosorbents including biochar.
abstract: The sorption of two monoterpenes, α pinene and limonene to the carbonaceous geosorbents graphite, bituminous coal, lignite coke, biochar and Pahokee peat was quantified. Polyethylene (PE) passive samplers were calibrated for the first time for these compounds by determining the PE-water partitioning coefficients and used as a tool to determine sorption to the carbonaceous geosorbents. Log KPE-water values were 3.49±0.58 for α pinene and 4.08±0.27 for limonene. The sorption of limonene to all materials was stronger than that for α pinene (differences of 0.2-1.3 log units between distribution coefficients for the monoterpenes). Placing Kd values in increasing order for α pinene gave biochar≈Pahokee peat≈bituminous coal≈lignite coke<graphite. For limonene the order was: Pahokee peat≈biochar≈bituminous coal<graphite≈lignite coke. Micropore (defined as pores <1.5 nm) and nanopore surface area (defined as pores 1.5 nm to 50 nm) normalised carbonaceous geosorbent-water distribution coefficients were also calculated. There was no clear correlation of these distribution coefficients with SA. Elemental composition was used to assess the degree of condensation (or alteration) of the carbonaceous geosorbents. The degree of carbonisation increased in the order; Pahokee peat<lignite coke<bituminous coal<biochar<graphite, however this was not correlated with an increase in the experimental distribution coefficients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box 3930, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: sarah.hale@ngi.no.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hale
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Environmental Chemistry, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box 3930, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Hans Peter H
authors.initials: HPH
authors.lastname: Arp
authors.affiliation: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, 241 Williamson Hall, P.O. Box 112120, Gainesville, Florida 32611-2120, United States.
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box 3930, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences (UMB), University of Life Sciences, 5003 Ås, Norway; Department of Applied Environmental Sciences (ITM), Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cornelissen
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry; D003031:Coal / Q000032:analysis; D003077:Coke / Q000032:analysis; D053138:Cyclohexenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077222:Limonene; D008956:Models, Chemical; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D020959:Polyethylene; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D013729:Terpenes / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D003031:Coal; D003077:Coke; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D012987:Soil; D013729:Terpenes; C540010:biochar; D002606:Charcoal; D020959:Polyethylene; D000077222:Limonene; C005451:alpha-pinene
keywords: Biochar; Carbonaceous geosorbents; Monoterpene; Passive sampling; Sorption