title: Novel cardiovascular biomarkers in women with a history of early preeclampsia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Women with a history of preeclampsia are at increased risk for future cardiovascular disease. Determination of cardiovascular biomarkers may be useful to understand the pathophysiological mechanism of cardiovascular disease development in these women.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed an analysis in the Preeclampsia Risk EValuation in FEMales study, a retrospective cohort consisting of 339 women with a history of early preeclampsia and 332 women after normotensive pregnancy. Women attended a follow-up visit ten years after the index pregnancy. A subset of 8 different cardiovascular biomarkers was investigated, reflecting inflammatory, metabolic, thrombotic and endothelial function markers. Associations between PE and these novel biomarkers were analyzed by linear regression analysis and adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of 671 women of the PREVFEM cohort was 39 years and women were on average 10 years post index pregnancy. Women post preeclampsia had significantly higher levels of SE-selectin (adjusted difference 4.55, 99%CI 0.37; 8.74) and PAPPA (adjusted difference 19.08; 99%CI 13.18; 24.99), whereas ApoB (adjusted difference -0.23 99%CI -0.32; -0.14) was inversely associated with preeclampsia, compared to women with a previous normotensive pregnancy. Adiponectin, leptin, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and PAI-1 were not different between both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated an independent association of preeclampsia with SE-selectin and PAPPA (markers of vascular dysfunction), which may contribute to future cardiovascular events in women post preeclampsia. However, ApoB (an apolipoprotein) was significantly lower and could point at a protective mechanism in our PE study women.
authors.affiliation: Isala Klinieken, Department of Cardiology, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: José T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Drost
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, PO Box 9101, Route 670, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: angela.maas@radboudumc.nl.
authors.forename: Angela H E M
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Maas
authors.affiliation: Radboud university Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holewijn
authors.affiliation: Radboud university Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Leo A B
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Joosten
authors.affiliation: Isala Klinieken, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Eyck
authors.affiliation: Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Yvonne T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: van der Schouw
authors.affiliation: Radboud university Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Graaf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000097:blood*; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A / Q000378:metabolism*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D015415:Biomarkers; D019040:E-Selectin; C546936:SELE protein, human; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A; C579283:PAPPA protein, human
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Biomarker; Cardiovascular disease; Endothelial function; Preeclampsia