title: The use of high-speed, continuous, T2-weighted magnetic resonance sequences and saline for the evaluation of swallowing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To introduce a new high-speed, continuous, T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for the evaluation of swallowing by visualizing the flow of saline.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 20 healthy participants, high-speed (10 frames per second), continuous MRI of the pharynx and larynx was performed during administration of 5 mL of saline. The extent to which fluid flow and swallowing (including flow to the esophagus or trachea) could be visualized was determined for all 20 participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Solution flow was visualized, and swallowing events, including the direction of flow to the esophagus, could be visualized with high-speed, continuous MRI for all 20 participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This initial study suggests that the visualization of saline flow using our method may facilitate functional evaluation of swallowing without side effects.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsurou
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: Shun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kito
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: Nao
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wakasugi-Sato
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral Medicine, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kokuryo
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Habu
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral Medicine, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: Ikuya
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Toshiba Medical Systems Co, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.affiliation: Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Toshiba Medical Systems Co, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Asaka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aso
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kitakyushu Municipal Medical Center, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sadasue
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kitakyushu Municipal Medical Center, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: Riichirou
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagashima
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tominaga
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral Medicine, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan; Center for Oral Biological Research, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan. Electronic address: rad-mori@kyu-dent.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morimoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007830:Larynx / Q000502:physiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010614:Pharynx / Q000502:physiology; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride