title: Is Participation in Head Start Associated with Less Maternal Spanking for Boys and Girls?
abstract: Head Start includes family-oriented services to enhance parent-child relationships, but little is known about the effect of Head Start on parenting practices. Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (n≈ 7,000), we examined whether participation in Head Start was associated with maternal spanking, with particular attention to whether the association differed by child gender. We found that Head Start participation was associated with lower likelihood that mothers spanked their child in the past week at both preschool and kindergarten entry as well as lower likelihood that mothers would use spanking in a hypothetical situation, among boys but not girls. These beneficial effects of Head Start participation on mothers' use of spanking among boys were not reduced by additionally including maternal depression and child behavior problems.
authors.affiliation: Post-doctoral Research Fellow, Columbia University School of Social Work, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, United States.
authors.forename: RaeHyuck
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Virginia and Leonard Marx Professor of Child Development and Education, Teachers College and College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 525 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, United States.
authors.forename: Jeanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brooks-Gunn
authors.affiliation: Silver School of Social Work, New York University, 1 Washington Square North, New York, NY 10003, United States.
authors.forename: Wen-Jui
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Compton Foundation Centennial Professor for the Prevention of Children, and Youth Problems, Columbia University School of Social Work, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, United States.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Waldfogel
authors.affiliation: Fordham University Graduate School of Social Service, 113 West 60th Street, New York, NY 10023, United States.
authors.forename: Fuhua
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhai
keywords: ECLS-B; Head Start; child gender; spanking