title: Population pharmacokinetics modeling of oxcarbazepine to characterize drug interactions in Chinese children with epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a population pharmacokinetics model of oxcarbazepine in Chinese pediatric patients with epilepsy, and to study the interactions between oxcarbazepine and other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 688 patients with epilepsy aged 2 months to 18 years were divided into model (n=573) and valid (n=115) groups. Serum concentrations of the main active metabolite of oxcarbazepine, 10-hydroxycarbazepine (MHD), were determined 0.5-48 h after the last dosage. A population pharmacokinetics (PPK) model was constructed using NLME software. This model was internally evaluated using Bootstrapping and goodness-of-fit plots inspection. The data of the valid group were used to calculate the mean prediction error (MPE), mean absolute prediction error (MAE), mean squared prediction error (MSE) and the 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) to externally evaluate the model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The population values of pharmacokinetic parameters estimated in the final model were as follows: Ka=0.83 h-1, Vd=0.67 L/kg, and CL=0.035 L·kg(-1)·h(-1). The enzyme-inducing AEDs (carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital) and newer generation AEDs (levetiracetam, lamotrigine, topiramate) increased the weight-normalized CL value of MHD by 17.4% and 10.5%, respectively, whereas the enzyme-inhibiting AED valproic acid decreased it by 3%. No significant association was found between the CL value of MHD and the other covariates. For the final model, the evaluation results (95% CI) were MPE=0.01 (-0.07-0.10) mg/L, MAE=0.46 (0.40-0.51) mg/L, MSE=0.39 (0.27-0.51) (mg/L)(2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A PPK model of OXC in Chinese pediatric patients with epilepsy is established. The enzyme-inducing AEDs and some newer generation AEDs (lamotrigine, topiramate) could slightly increase the metabolism of MHD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Children's Hospital, 100th-Hong Kong Road, Wuhan 430016, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Children's Hospital, 100th-Hong Kong Road, Wuhan 430016, China.
authors.forename: Hua-nian
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Children's Hospital, 100th-Hong Kong Road, Wuhan 430016, China.
authors.forename: Chang-he
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Children's Hospital, 100th-Hong Kong Road, Wuhan 430016, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Children's Hospital, 100th-Hong Kong Road, Wuhan 430016, China.
authors.forename: Yu-jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Children's Hospital, 100th-Hong Kong Road, Wuhan 430016, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Children's Hospital, 100th-Hong Kong Road, Wuhan 430016, China.
authors.forename: Mao-chang
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Children's Hospital, 100th-Hong Kong Road, Wuhan 430016, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D000078330:Oxcarbazepine
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002220:Carbamazepine; D000078330:Oxcarbazepine