title: Diabetic hands: a study on strength and function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study hand strength and function in type 2 DM patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected data on hand strength and function, disease duration, glycemic, creatinine and HbA1C levels, degree of pain and stiffness and physical examination in 100 DM patients comparing than with 100 hand osteoarthritis patients and 100 controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DM patients had hand strength and function better than osteoarthritis patients and worse than controls. De Quervain tendonitis associated with hand strength (p=0.005); hand function associated with carpal tunnel syndrome (p<0.0001), De Quervain tendinitis (p=0.006), HbA1C level (p=0.005), insulin use (p=0.030), disease duration (p=0.0006), pain (p<0.0001) and stiffness (p<0.0001) in univariated analysis. In multivariated analysis only disease duration and stiffness remain as significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hand strength and function are impaired in DM patients. Loss of function associated with stiffness and disease duration; loss of strength associates with De Quervain tendinitis.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Universitário Evangélico de Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Carvalho e Silva
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Universitário Evangélico de Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda O
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Jakimiu
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Universitário Evangélico de Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: tskare@onda.com.br.
authors.forename: Thelma L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Skare
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002349:Carpal Tunnel Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006225:Hand / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009431:Neural Conduction; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010808:Physical Examination; D011788:Quality of Life; D052256:Tendinopathy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Carpal tunnel syndrome; Diabetes mellitus; Hand function; Hand strength; Tendinitis