title: Depression and quality of sleep in maintenance hemodialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sleep disorders and psychological disturbances are common in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. However, despite their frequency and importance, such conditions often go unnoticed, since all patients do not clearly manifest fully expressed symptoms.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and poor sleep quality and to examine the association between these disorders and demographic, clinical and treatment-related characteristics of ESRD patients on hemodialysis (HD).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 222 patients (132 men and 90 women), mean age 57.3 +/- 11.9 years, from 3 HD centers in Central Serbia, which provided us with biochemical parameters and demographic data. Sleep quality and depression were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average BDI was 16.1 +/- 11.3. Depressed patients were significantly older (p=0.041), had a significantly lower dialysis adequacy (p=0.027) and a significantly worse quality of sleep (p < 0.001), while they did not show significant difference as regarding sex, employment, marital status, comorbidities, dialysis type, dialysis vintage, shift and laboratory parameters.The average PSQI was 7.8 +/- 4.5 and 64.2% of patients were poor sleepers. Poor sleepers were significantly older (p = 0.002), they were more often females (p = 0.027) and had a significantly higher BDI (p < 0.001), while other investigated variables were. not correlated with sleep quality. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between BDI and PSQI (r = 0.604; p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depression and poor sleep quality are frequent and interrelated among HD patients.
authors.forename: Jasna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trbojević-Stanković
authors.forename: Biljana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stojimirović
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bukumirić
authors.forename: Edvin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hadzibulić
authors.forename: Branislav
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Andrić
authors.forename: Verica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Djordjević
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Marjanović
authors.forename: Fatmir
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Birdjozlić
authors.forename: Dejan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nesić
authors.forename: Dijana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jovanović
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055771:Serbia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*