title: Jehovah's Witness patients presenting with ruptured ectopic pregnancies: two case reports.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The management of emergencies in Jehovah's Witnesses presents several challenges to obstetricians and gynaecologists. We present two cases of ectopic pregnancies in Jehovah's Witnesses recently managed in our institution. This is the first case review series of its kind that we could identify. We feel it is of clinical importance for all physicians caring for Jehovah's Witnesses.
  
  
  METHODS
  The first patient was a 28-year-old Caucasian Irish woman who presented in a state of collapse and a ruptured ectopic pregnancy was suspected. She refused treatment and took her own discharge against the advice of senior hospital staff. She re-presented to our Emergency Room 6 hours later in hypovolaemic shock. She ultimately consented to blood products including plasma and platelets and underwent laparoscopic left-sided salpingectomy. This consent was queried postoperatively by her next-of-kin but the validity of her consent was clarified by the hospital legal team.The second patient was a 35-year-old Nigerian woman who presented to our Emergency Room with a 2-week history of intermittent vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain with a haemoglobin of 5.4 g/dL. An ectopic pregnancy was diagnosed following assessment. She refused all blood products and underwent right-sided salpingectomy. Intravenous tranexamic acid was administered and cell salvage employed intraoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We feel that this case review series emphasises the importance of appropriate management of Jehovah's Witnesses in our units. In both of the above cases, these women were in potentially life-threatening situations. Advances in haematology and pharmaceutical therapy contributed to their survival. We welcome these advances in the treatment of this patient population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. niamhcmurphy@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Niamh C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Niamh E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Fionnuala B Ní
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Ainle
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Flood
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000379:methods; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033221:Jehovah's Witnesses; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D011247:Pregnancy; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D012068:Religion and Medicine; D012422:Rupture, Spontaneous / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D058994:Salpingectomy / Q000379:methods