title: Effect of the size-selective silver clusters on lithium peroxide morphology in lithium-oxygen batteries.
abstract: Lithium-oxygen batteries have the potential needed for long-range electric vehicles, but the charge and discharge chemistries are complex and not well understood. The active sites on cathode surfaces and their role in electrochemical reactions in aprotic lithium-oxygen cells are difficult to ascertain because the exact nature of the sites is unknown. Here we report the deposition of subnanometre silver clusters of exact size and number of atoms on passivated carbon to study the discharge process in lithium-oxygen cells. The results reveal dramatically different morphologies of the electrochemically grown lithium peroxide dependent on the size of the clusters. This dependence is found to be due to the influence of the cluster size on the formation mechanism, which also affects the charge process. The results of this study suggest that precise control of subnanometre surface structure on cathodes can be used as a means to improve the performance of lithium-oxygen cells.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
authors.forename: Kah Chun
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.affiliation: Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tyo
authors.affiliation: Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
authors.forename: Xiangyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Electron Microscopy Center, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Electron Microscopy Center, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
authors.forename: Rajeev S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Assary
authors.affiliation: Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
authors.forename: Hsien-Hau
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Redfern
authors.affiliation: Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
authors.forename: Huiming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Bum
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yang-Kook
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: 1] Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA [2] Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA [3] Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA [4] Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vajda
authors.affiliation: Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
authors.forename: Khalil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amine
authors.affiliation: 1] Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA [2] Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
authors.forename: Larry A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Curtiss