title: Roadmap to inpatient heart failure management.
abstract: Heart failure (HF) accounts for over 1 million primary hospitalizations in the USA each year and carries a tremendous burden on costs and patient outcomes. The clinical syndrome of HF is not a single disease, but represents the complex interplay between various cardiac and non-cardiac processes, each of which need to be individually addressed. This review provides an updated, contemporary roadmap for inpatient worsening chronic HF management with a focus on identifying and addressing initiating mechanisms, amplifying factors, and cardiac structural abnormalities. Inpatient risk stratification should guide patient education, team structuring, disposition, and post-discharge monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Muthiah
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vaduganathan
authors.affiliation: Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: m-gheorghiade@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Mihai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gheorghiade
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D015897:Comorbidity; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D018450:Disease Progression; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D010348:Patient Care Team; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology; D012306:Risk; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Diuretics; Heart failure; Outcomes