title: Excitation energy migration dynamics in upconversion nanomaterials.
abstract: Recent efforts and progress in unraveling the fundamental mechanism of excitation energy migration dynamics in upconversion nanomaterials are covered in this review, including short- and long-term interactions and other interactions in homogeneous and heterogeneous nanostructures. Comprehension of the role of spatial confinement in excitation energy migration processes is updated. Problems and challenges are also addressed.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China.
authors.forename: Langping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Xiaomin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang