title: A comprehensive review of thoracic deformity parameters in scoliosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The combined spine and rib cage deformity in scoliosis is best described as a thoracic deformity, and recent advances in imaging have enabled better definition of three-dimensional (3D) deformity of the thorax in scoliosis. However, a comprehensive report that summarizes the published thorax deformity quantification parameter studies is lacking in the orthopaedic literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  An extensive literature review on the quantification of thorax deformity was performed, and a total of 25 thorax deformity parameters were compiled into eight independent categories based on their similarities of deformity assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This review serves as the first comprehensive summary of radiographic and CT-based thorax deformity quantification measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future work on the complex relationships between spine and ribcage deformity and the relationship with pulmonary function could help improve clinical interventions for scoliosis treatment.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Bossone 718, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Oscar H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Suken A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Sriram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balasubramanian
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D012272:Ribs / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed