title: Multivariate statistical analysis of heavy metal concentration in soils of Yelagiri Hills, Tamilnadu, India--spectroscopical approach.
abstract: Anthropogenic activities increase the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil environment. Soil pollution significantly reduces environmental quality and affects the human health. In the present study soil samples were collected at different locations of Yelagiri Hills, Tamilnadu, India for heavy metal analysis. The samples were analyzed for twelve selected heavy metals (Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, Fe, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni and Zn) using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectroscopy. Heavy metals concentration in soil were investigated using enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF) and pollution load index (PLI) to determine metal accumulation, distribution and its pollution status. Heavy metal toxicity risk was assessed using soil quality guidelines (SQGs) given by target and intervention values of Dutch soil standards. The concentration of Ni, Co, Zn, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ti, K, Al, Mg were mainly controlled by natural sources. Multivariate statistical methods such as correlation matrix, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were applied for the identification of heavy metal sources (anthropogenic/natural origin). Geo-statistical methods such as kirging identified hot spots of metal contamination in road areas influenced mainly by presence of natural rocks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Vel Tech (Owned by RS Trust), Chennai 600062, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chandrasekaran
authors.affiliation: Post Graduate and Research Department of Physics, Government Arts College, Thiruvanamalai 606603, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: ravisankarphysics@gmail.com.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ravisankar
authors.affiliation: Post Graduate and Research Department of Physics, Government Arts College, Thiruvanamalai 606603, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Harikrishnan
authors.affiliation: EnSD, RSEG, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Satapathy
authors.affiliation: EnSD, RSEG, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: M V R
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.affiliation: EnSD, RSEG, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Kanagasabapathy
mesh_terms: D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D000075322:Heavy Metal Poisoning; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011041:Poisoning; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D062206:Spatial Analysis; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: EDXRF; Enrichment factor; Geo-accumulation index; Heavy metals; Spatial distribution; Statistical analysis