title: Calophyllum inophyllum and Calophyllum soulattri source of anti-proliferative xanthones and their structure-activity relationships.
abstract: Extensive chromatographic isolation and purification of the extracts of the stem bark of Calophyllum inophyllum and Calophyllum soulattri have resulted in 11 xanthones. C. inophyllum gave inophinnin (1), inophinone (2), pyranojacareubin (5), rheediaxanthone A (6), macluraxanthone (7) and 4-hydroxyxanthone (8), while C. soulattri afforded soulattrin (3), phylattrin (4), caloxanthone C (9), brasixanthone B (10) and trapezifolixanthone (11). The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analyses such as 1D and 2D NMR, GC-MS, IR and UV. Cytotoxicity screening (MTT assay) carried out in vitro on all the xanthones using five human cancer cell lines indicated good activities for some of these xanthones. The structure-activity relationship study revealed that the inhibitory activities exhibited by these xanthone derivatives to be closely related to the existence and nature of the pyrano and the prenyl substituent groups on their skeleton.
authors.affiliation: a School of Biosciences, Taylor's University , Lakeside Campus, 47500 Subang Jaya , Selangor , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Siau Hui
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Mah
authors.forename: Gwendoline Cheng Lian
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Ee
authors.forename: Soek Sin
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Teh
authors.forename: Mohd Aspollah
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sukari
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D029759:Calophyllum / Q000737:chemistry*; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005260:Female; D005663:Furans; D006367:HeLa Cells; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D015394:Molecular Structure; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; D044004:Xanthones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D005663:Furans; D044004:Xanthones; C568254:inophinnin; C575738:phylattrin; C401852:trapezifolixanthone
keywords: Calophyllum; cytotoxicity; structure–activity relationship; xanthone