title: Liquid-solid phase transition alloy as reversible and rapid molding bone cement.
abstract: Acrylic bone cement has been an essential non-metallic implant used as fixing agent in the cemented total joint arthroplasty (THA). However, the currently available materials based mainly on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) still encounter certain limitations, such as time-consuming polymerization, thermal and chemical necrosis and troublesome revision procedure. Here from an alternative way, we proposed for the first time to adopt the injectable alloy cement to address such tough issues through introducing its unique liquid-solid phase transition mechanism. A typical cement along this way is thus made of an alloy Bi/In/Sn/Zn with a specifically designed low melting point 57.5 °C, which enables its rapid molding into various desired shapes with high plasticity and ultimate metallic behaviors. The fundamental characteristics including the mechanical strength, biocompatibility and phase transition-induced thermal effects have been clarified to demonstrate the importance of such alloy as unconventional cement with favorable merits. In addition, we also disclosed its advantage as an excellent contrast agent for radiation imaging on the bone interior structure which is highly beneficial for guiding the surgery and monitoring the therapeutic effects. Particularly, the proposed alloy cement with reversible phase transition feature significantly simplifies the revision of the cement and prosthesis. This study opens the way for employing the injectable alloy materials as reversible bone cement to fulfill diverse clinical needs in the coming time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Liting
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Lab of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Lab of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. Electronic address: jliubme@tsinghua.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D041702:BALB 3T3 Cells; D001729:Bismuth / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D007204:Indium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D007267:Injections; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D044367:Phase Transition; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D013696:Temperature; D014001:Tin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D001843:Bone Cements; D007204:Indium; D014001:Tin; D015032:Zinc; D001729:Bismuth
keywords: Bone cement; Injectable surgery; Liquid metal; Liquid-solid phase transition alloy; Reversible molding; Surgical revision