title: Prevalence and incidence of early childhood caries among African-American children in Alabama.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to assess the prevalence and incidence of early childhood caries (ECC) in African-American children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 96 African-American children approximately 1 year of age at baseline were recruited in Uniontown, Alabama, and followed for 3 years. Oral examinations were conducted annually by one of three trained/calibrated dentists using portable equipment, without radiographs, following WHO criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of decayed/missing/filled surfaces (dmfs) was: 1.1 percent (all d) at approximately age 1 (n = 90, six children were excluded for having no erupted teeth); 12.8 percent (d = 10.5 percent & f = 4.7 percent) at age 2 (n = 86); 39.3 percent (d = 21.4 percent, m = 2.4 percent & f = 22.6 percent) at age 3 (n = 84); and 65.8 percent (d = 28.8 percent, m = 5.5 & f = 46.6 percent) at age 4 (n = 73). The percentages of incisors, canines, first molars, and second molars with dmfs were: 0.1 percent, 0.0 percent, 0.0 percent, and 0.0 percent, at age 1; 2.4 percent, 0.1 percent, 0.8 percent, and 0.6 percent at age 2; 8.2 percent, 0.8 percent, 7.6 percent, and 6.3 percent at age 3; and 10.2 percent, 2.2 percent, 12.6 percent and 16.7 percent at age 4, respectively. The three, 1-year, person-level incidence rates were 12.8 percent (age 1 to age 2), 38.6 percent (age 2 to age 3), and 56.2 percent (age 3 to age 4). From baseline, the 2-year incidence was 39.3 percent and 3-year incidence was 65.8 percent, whereas the 2-year caries incidence from age 1 to age 3 was 66.7 percent (n = 72).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of children developed caries during the 3-year follow-up, which is much higher than the 32 percent prevalence of caries among African-American children under age 6 years in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2002.
authors.affiliation: College of Dentistry, Preventive and Community Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Tariq
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ghazal
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Noel K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Childers
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Broffitt
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cutter
authors.forename: Howard W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Wiener
authors.forename: Mirjam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kempf
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cavanaugh
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D000407:Alabama / Q000453:epidemiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence
keywords: early childhood caries; incidence and African-American children; prevalence