title: Re-emergence of bovine piroplasmosis in Hungary: has the etiological role of Babesia divergens been taken over by B. major and Theileria buffeli?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of bovine babesiosis caused by Babesia divergens has been declining during the past decades in northeastern Hungary, and no cases have been observed since 2008. Infections of cattle with B. major and Theileria buffeli were hitherto reported in southern and western Europe. In other parts of the globe, there is evidence of emergence and a growing clinical importance of T. buffeli and closely related genotypes of the T. orientalis complex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a herd of 88 beef cattle kept in northeastern Hungary, bovine piroplasmosis was diagnosed in nine animals through the examination of blood smears or by molecular methods. B. major was identified in five animals, two of which died. In addition, four cattle harboured T. buffeli, and one of these animals was anaemic. Despite their presence, a contributory role of Anaplasma marginale and A. phagocytophilum could not be established in the disease cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study B. major and bovine theileriosis is reported for the first time in central-eastern Europe, where clinical cases were associated with a mild winter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology and Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary. hornok.sandor@aotk.szie.hu.
authors.forename: Sándor
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hornok
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mester
authors.forename: Nóra
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takács
authors.forename: Isabel G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Fernández de Mera
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de la Fuente
authors.forename: Róbert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Farkas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001403:Babesia / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001404:Babesiosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006814:Hungary / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012621:Seasons; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000662:veterinary; D016794:Theileria / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013801:Theileriasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology*