title: Epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections in rural Haitian men.
abstract: The study attempts to determine the prevalence of organisms associated with urethritis in men in rural southwestern Haiti and to determine the association with demographic, clinical and laboratory variables. A standardised verbal interview was conducted; genital examinations were done; urethral swabs were collected for nucleic acid amplification testing, and first void urine was obtained for urinalysis. The mean participant age was 54; 88.8% lived in a rural area. Swabs were positive for Trichomonas vaginalis in 13.7% (28/205), Mycoplasma genitalium in 6.3% (13/205), Chlamydia trachomatis in 4.4% (9/205) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in 0% (0/205). Subjects who never reported using condoms were nearly 3.5 times more likely to have any positive swab result (OR: 3.46, 95% CI 1.31-9.14). Subjects who reported their partners had other sexual partners or were unsure were more than three times likely to have any positive swab result (OR: 3.44, 95% CI 1.33-8.92). Infections with Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma genitalium were the most common.
authors.affiliation: Seattle-King County Disaster Team, Seattle, WA, USA Laboratory Application Services, Sysmex America, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA labboy@earthlink.net.
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Downey
authors.affiliation: Seattle-King County Disaster Team, Seattle, WA, USA Providence Health and Services, North Coast Urgent Care Clinics, Seaside, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hammar
authors.affiliation: Seattle-King County Disaster Team, Seattle, WA, USA Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Jobe
authors.affiliation: Seattle-King County Disaster Team, Seattle, WA, USA Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Terri A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Seattle-King County Disaster Team, Seattle, WA, USA Department of Social Work, MultiCare Health System, Tacoma, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Lori Van
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Slyke
authors.affiliation: Seattle-King County Disaster Team, Seattle, WA, USA Summit Surgery Center, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Yassi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yassemi
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zive
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D006205:Haiti / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009175:Mycoplasma Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D045704:Mycoplasma genitalium / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; D015995:Prevalence; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014246:Trichomonas vaginalis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014526:Urethritis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000652:urine; D014556:Urine / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology
keywords: Chlamydia trachomatis; Haiti; Mycoplasma genitalium; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Sexually transmitted infection; Trichomonas vaginalis; diagnosis; leukocyte esterase test; men; prevalence; screening; treatment; trichomoniasis; urethritis; urine