title: Seasonal trends in tinnitus symptomatology: evidence from Internet search engine query data.
abstract: The primary aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the symptom of tinnitus demonstrates a seasonal pattern with worsening in the winter relative to the summer using Internet search engine query data. Normalized search volume for the term 'tinnitus' from January 2004 through December 2013 was retrieved from Google Trends. Seasonal effects were evaluated using cosinor regression models. Primary countries of interest were the United States and Australia. Secondary exploratory analyses were also performed using data from Germany, the United Kingdom, Canada, Sweden, and Switzerland. Significant seasonal effects for 'tinnitus' search queries were found in the United States and Australia (p < 0.00001 for both countries), with peaks in the winter and troughs in the summer. Secondary analyses demonstrated similarly significant seasonal effects for Germany (p < 0.00001), Canada (p < 0.00001), and Sweden (p = 0.0008), again with increased search volume in the winter relative to the summer. Our findings indicate that there are significant seasonal trends for Internet search queries for tinnitus, with a zenith in winter months. Further research is indicated to determine the biological mechanisms underlying these findings, as they may provide insights into the pathophysiology of this common and debilitating medical symptom.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Wisconsin Psychiatric Institute and Clinics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 6001 Research Park Blvd., Madison, WI, 53719, USA, dplante@wisc.edu.
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Plante
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Ingram
mesh_terms: D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D015995:Prevalence; D057386:Search Engine; D012621:Seasons; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000453:epidemiology*