title: All-trans retinoic acid suppresses apoptosis in PC12 cells injured by oxygen and glucose deprivation via the retinoic acid receptor α signaling pathway.
abstract: Vitamin A (VA) has a number of important biological functions in human growth and development. Previous studies by our group demonstrated that the normal VA levels improved recovery of learning and memory function and decreased apoptosis in rats with hypoxic‑ischemic brain damage (HIBD). However, it has not been fully elucidated how VA regulates the apoptosis of neuronal cells. To investigate the anti‑apoptotic effect of VA, an in vitro oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) model in PC12 cells was treated with four concentrations of all‑trans‑retinoic acid (ATRA), an active in vivo product of VA. Following in vitro OGD injury in PC12 cells, the percentage of apoptosis and the fluorescence intensity of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were increased in the cells, and the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma-associated X (Bax) were enhanced. ATRA treatment at 2‑4 µmol/l for 24 h decreased the percentage of apoptosis and the MMP of the PC12 cells injured by OGD. ATRA at 4 µmol/l also reduced the expression levels of Bax and enhanced the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2. Furthermore, RNA interference with retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) reversed the observed effect in PC12 cells following ATRA treatment at 4 µmol/l alone. In conclusion, the present study suggested that treatment with ATRA at 4 µmol/l suppressed apoptosis of PC12 cells following OGD injury, potentially through regulation of the RARα signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutritional Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaojian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutritional Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutritional Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutritional Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutritional Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutritional Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutritional Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutritional Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Tingyu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutritional Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D005947:Glucose / Q000172:deficiency*; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D016716:PC12 Cells; D051381:Rats; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072482:Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C000607071:RARA protein, human; C000607073:Rara protein, rat; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D000072482:Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; D014212:Tretinoin; D005947:Glucose; D010100:Oxygen