title: Implementation of the Pharmacy Practice Model Initiative within comprehensive cancer centers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The progress made by cancer centers across the United States adopting the goals and measures of the Pharmacy Practice Model Initiative (PPMI) was studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  In collaboration with ASHP, the official PPMI hospital self-assessment (HSA) questionnaire and a 10-item supplemental survey specific to oncology pharmacy services were disseminated via e-mail to all 41 National Cancer Institute designated comprehensive cancer centers in the United States.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HSA results of 26 (63%) of the 41 institutions surveyed were included in the analysis. Of the 26 participating institutions, 15 (58%) also completed the supplemental survey. Advanced pharmacist roles are highly prevalent among comprehensive cancer centers, with all institutions giving pharmacists discharge counseling responsibilities and deploying pharmacists to patient care units. Twenty-five institutions (96%) provide some level of pharmacist-driven drug therapy management services in at least some areas or situations and most often in the inpatient setting. Implementation of automation and technology in the areas of dispensing and order entry has occurred in over 80% of institutions. Advancement of pharmacy technician roles has received the least attention, with only 13 centers (50%) giving technicians sole responsibility for traditional dispensing functions, and 11 (42%) allowing technicians three or more advanced responsibilities. Only 12 institutions (46%) have established mechanisms to hold their pharmacists accountable for medication-related outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the survey results, suggested areas of improvement include the provision of drug therapy management in the outpatient setting, advancement in technician roles, utilization of automation and technology particularly at the point of administration, and implementation of mechanisms to hold pharmacists accountable for medication-related outcomes of their patients.
authors.affiliation: Morgan B. Smith, Pharm.D., is Outpatient Hematology/Oncology Specialist, Novant Health Presbyterian Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; at the time of writing she was Resident Pharmacist, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY. Karl F. Gumpper, B.S.Pharm., BCPS, CPHIMS, FASHP, is Team Leader, Pharmacy Informatics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; at the time of writing he was Director of Pharmacy Informatics and Technology, American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Bethesda, MD. Grazyna Riebandt, Pharm.D., BCOP, is Clinical Pharmacy Services Director; and Evelyn M. Handel, Pharm.D., BCOP, is Clinical Pharmacist Specialist, Roswell Park Cancer Institute.
authors.forename: Morgan B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Morgan B. Smith, Pharm.D., is Outpatient Hematology/Oncology Specialist, Novant Health Presbyterian Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; at the time of writing she was Resident Pharmacist, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY. Karl F. Gumpper, B.S.Pharm., BCPS, CPHIMS, FASHP, is Team Leader, Pharmacy Informatics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; at the time of writing he was Director of Pharmacy Informatics and Technology, American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Bethesda, MD. Grazyna Riebandt, Pharm.D., BCOP, is Clinical Pharmacy Services Director; and Evelyn M. Handel, Pharm.D., BCOP, is Clinical Pharmacist Specialist, Roswell Park Cancer Institute.
authors.forename: Karl F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Gumpper
authors.affiliation: Morgan B. Smith, Pharm.D., is Outpatient Hematology/Oncology Specialist, Novant Health Presbyterian Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; at the time of writing she was Resident Pharmacist, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY. Karl F. Gumpper, B.S.Pharm., BCPS, CPHIMS, FASHP, is Team Leader, Pharmacy Informatics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; at the time of writing he was Director of Pharmacy Informatics and Technology, American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Bethesda, MD. Grazyna Riebandt, Pharm.D., BCOP, is Clinical Pharmacy Services Director; and Evelyn M. Handel, Pharm.D., BCOP, is Clinical Pharmacist Specialist, Roswell Park Cancer Institute.
authors.forename: Grazyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Riebandt
authors.affiliation: Morgan B. Smith, Pharm.D., is Outpatient Hematology/Oncology Specialist, Novant Health Presbyterian Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; at the time of writing she was Resident Pharmacist, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY. Karl F. Gumpper, B.S.Pharm., BCPS, CPHIMS, FASHP, is Team Leader, Pharmacy Informatics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; at the time of writing he was Director of Pharmacy Informatics and Technology, American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Bethesda, MD. Grazyna Riebandt, Pharm.D., BCOP, is Clinical Pharmacy Services Director; and Evelyn M. Handel, Pharm.D., BCOP, is Clinical Pharmacist Specialist, Roswell Park Cancer Institute. evelyn.handel@roswellpark.org.
authors.forename: Evelyn M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Handel
mesh_terms: D002173:Cancer Care Facilities / Q000458:organization & administration*; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D054539:Medication Therapy Management / Q000458:organization & administration; D010593:Pharmaceutical Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010596:Pharmacy Technicians / Q000458:organization & administration*; D024382:Professional Role; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States