title: Effects of ensiling treatments on lactic acid production and supplementary methane formation of maize and amaranth--an advanced green biorefining approach.
abstract: A green biorefinery enables the material and energetic use of biomass via lactic acid and methane production. Different ensiling techniques were applied to maize and amaranth with the aim to increase the amount of lactic acid in the silage. In addition the methane formation potential of the ensiled samples and the remaining solid residues after separating the organic juice were assessed. Treating maize with homofermentative lactic acid bacteria in combination with carbonated lime increased the amount of lactic acid about 91.9%. For amaranth no additional lactic acid production was obtained by treating the raw material. Specific methane yields for the solid residues of amaranth were significantly lower in comparison to the corresponding silages. The most promising treatment resulted in a production of 127.9±4.1 g kg(-1) DM lactic acid and a specific methane yield for the solid residue of 349.5±6.6 lN kg(-1) ODM.
authors.affiliation: University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstraße 9, Stuttgart 70599, Germany. Electronic address: nicola.haag@uni-hohenheim.de.
authors.forename: Nicola Leonard
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Haag
authors.affiliation: University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstraße 9, Stuttgart 70599, Germany. Electronic address: hajo.naegele@uni-hohenheim.de.
authors.forename: Hans-Joachim
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Nägele
authors.affiliation: ISF GmbH, Wiesenweg 32, Wahlstedt 23812, Germany. Electronic address: thomas.fritz@is-forschung.de.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fritz
authors.affiliation: University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstraße 9, Stuttgart 70599, Germany. Electronic address: oechsner@uni-hohenheim.de.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oechsner
mesh_terms: D000438:Alcohols / Q000032:analysis; D027721:Amaranthus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D056804:Biofuels / Q000032:analysis; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D005285:Fermentation; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology / Q000379:methods*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008697:Methane / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012820:Silage; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D056804:Biofuels; D002241:Carbohydrates; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008697:Methane
keywords: Biorefinery; Lactic acid; Platform chemicals; Silage additives; Specific methane yield