title: An overview of global rice production, supply, trade, and consumption.
abstract: Rice is the staple food for over half the world's population. Approximately 480 million metric tons of milled rice is produced annually. China and India alone account for ∼50% of the rice grown and consumed. Rice provides up to 50% of the dietary caloric supply for millions living in poverty in Asia and is, therefore, critical for food security. It is becoming an important food staple in both Latin America and Africa. Record increases in rice production have been observed since the start of the Green Revolution. However, rice remains one of the most protected food commodities in world trade. Rice is a poor source of vitamins and minerals, and losses occur during the milling process. Populations that subsist on rice are at high risk of vitamin and mineral deficiency. Improved technologies to fortify rice have the potential to address these deficiencies and their associated adverse health effects. With the rice industry consolidating in many countries, there are opportunities to fortify a significant share of rice for distribution or for use in government safety net programs that target those most in need, especially women and children. Multisectoral approaches are needed for the promotion and implementation of rice fortification in countries.
authors.affiliation: The Sax Institute, Ultimo, Australia.
authors.forename: Sumithra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muthayya
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.forename: Glen F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Maberly
mesh_terms: D001361:Avitaminosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D019649:Food Industry / Q000379:methods*; D005523:Food Supply; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients; D012275:Oryza
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients
keywords: consumption; fortification; global rice production; milling; trade; vitamin and mineral deficiency