title: Biodegradable polymer scaffolds loaded with low-dose BMP-2 stimulate periodontal ligament cell differentiation.
abstract: Poly(L-lactide)-co-(epsilon-caprolactone) [poly(LLA-co-CL)] and poly(L-lactide)-co-(1,5-dioxepan-2-one) [poly(LLA-co-DXO)] are being considered candidate scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. We evaluated the bioactive potential of poly(LLA-co-CL) and poly(LLA-co-DXO) scaffolds loaded with low-dose bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells were cultured onto the various scaffolds loaded with 1 µg BMP-2 or without BMP-2 (control). Cell viability, attachment, and proliferation were determined using a methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric assay at day 1, 3, and 7. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze cell morphology at day 7. Cell differentiation was evaluated assaying alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity at day 7, 14, and 21. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate the mRNA expression of periostin, ALP, type I collagen, bone sialoprotein and BMP-2. A commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to assess BMP-2 production. Surface analysis disclosed excellent cell attachment, spread, and penetration into the porous scaffolds. The MTT assay indicated that scaffolds loaded with low concentration of BMP-2 did not influence the viability of cells. Cells grown on the modified scaffolds expressed higher levels of osteogenic markers than the nonmodified scaffolds (p<0.05). Poly(LLA-co-CL) and poly(LLA-co-DXO) scaffolds loaded with low-dose BMP-2 exhibited a significant effect stimulating PDL differentiation suggesting a continued evaluation in relevant in vivo models.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Clinical Dentistry - Periodontics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skodje
authors.forename: Shaza Bushra M
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Idris
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Sushma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bartaula
authors.forename: Kamal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mustafa
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Finne-Wistrand
authors.forename: Ulf M E
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Wikesjö
authors.forename: Knut N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Leknes
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D011108:Polymers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D011108:Polymers; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: BMP-2; bioengineering; cell biology; differentiation; polymer scaffolds