title: Phosphoinositides in phagocytosis and macropinocytosis.
abstract: Professional phagocytes provide immunoprotection and aid in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. They perform these tasks by recognizing, engulfing and eliminating pathogens and endogenous cell debris. Here, we examine the paramount role played by phosphoinositides in phagocytosis and macropinocytosis, two major endocytic routes that mediate the uptake of particulate and fluid matter, respectively. We analyze accumulating literature describing the molecular mechanisms whereby phosphoinositides translate environmental cues into the complex, sophisticated responses that underlie the phagocytic and macropinocytic responses. In addition, we exemplify virulence strategies involving modulation of host cell phosphoinositide signaling that are employed by bacteria to undermine immunity. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Phosphoinositides.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto M5G1X8, Canada.
authors.forename: Roni
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.affiliation: Division of Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto M5G1X8, Canada; Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 209 Victoria St., Toronto M5C1N8, Canada. Electronic address: sergio.grinstein@sickkids.ca.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grinstein
authors.affiliation: Division of Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto M5G1X8, Canada.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schlam
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D009895:Opsonin Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000235:genetics*; D010588:Phagosomes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010873:Pinocytosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D009895:Opsonin Proteins; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; D017452:Receptors, IgG; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
keywords: Bacterial pathogen; Fcγ receptor; Macrophage; Macropinocytosis; Phagocytosis; Phosphoinositide