title: Pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.) fruit juice and two major constituents thereof exhibit anti-inflammatory properties in human gingival and oral gum epithelial cells.
abstract: Pitanga, Eugenia uniflora L., is a tropical fruit, which may be consumed as juice. While beneficial health effects of Eugenia uniflora L. leaf extracts have extensively been studied, limited data are available on an anti-inflammatory potential of pitanga juice. The aim of the presented study was to investigate anti-inflammatory properties of pitanga juice with regards to a prevention of inflammation-related periodontal diseases. For this purpose, six healthy volunteers swirled pitanga juice, containing 35% pitanga pulp, for 10 min. Thereafter, oral gum epithelial cells were harvested using a sterile brush and stimulated with lipopolysaccharides from Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG-LPS) for 6 h. Furthermore, human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1) were used to elucidate the anti-inflammatory potential of pitanga juice constituents, cyanidin-3-glucoside and oxidoselina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one, in juice representative concentrations of 119 μg ml(-1) and 30 μg ml(-1), respectively. For the first time, an anti-inflammatory impact of pitanga juice on gingival epithelial cells was shown by means of an attenuation of IL-8 release by 55 ± 8.2% and 52 ± 11% in non-stimulated and PG-LPS-stimulated cells, respectively. In addition, both cyanidin-3-glucoside and oxidoselina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one reduced the LPS-stimulated CXCL8 mRNA expression by 50 ± 15% and 37 ± 18% and IL-8 release by 52 ± 9.9% and 45 ± 3.7% in HGF-1 cells, when concomitantly incubated with 10 μg ml(-1)PG-LPS for 6 h, revealing an anti-inflammatory potential of the volatile compound oxidoselina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one for the first time.
authors.affiliation: CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília - DF 70040-020, Brazil. Jessica.Walker@univie.ac.at.
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Josino Soares
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pignitter
authors.forename: Joel Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Julia Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Imboeck
authors.forename: Miriam Margit
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ehrnhoefer-Ressler
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Montenegro Brasil
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Somoza
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000494:pharmacology; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D002460:Cell Line; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D005881:Gingiva / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D027842:Syzygium / Q000737:chemistry*; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; D005960:Glucosides; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; C462279:cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside; C000599425:oxidoselina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one