title: From anatomy to laparoscopic surgery, or how to reconcile surgeons to embryology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  With the development of laparoscopy, new surgical techniques for colon resection were required. New anatomic plans of dissection were described for laparoscopic technique (medial to lateral approach) and the surgeons had to learn a complete different anatomy known as "laparoscopic anatomy". To help the surgeon through the milestones of laparoscopic colon resection, we propose an embryological and anatomical analysis of the changes of the colon and peritoneum during the foetal period to highlight the laparoscopic approach and surgical landmarks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen human foetuses, age ranged from 7½ to 33 weeks were studied by dissections and histology. Three adult cadavers underwent laparoscopic colon surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Photographic representations of surgical views are displayed, and detailed descriptions applicable to anatomical structures are presented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Understanding the changes in the colon and peritoneum morphology leads to a clarification of the surgical technique for laparoscopic colon surgery.
authors.affiliation: Service Chirurgie Viscérale et Endocrinienne, CHU Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, 2 rue de la Miletrie, BP 577, 86021, Poitiers Cedex, France.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Barussaud
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Danion
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castagnet
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Richer
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Faure
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002102:Cadaver; D003106:Colon / Q000196:embryology* / Q000601:surgery*; D004210:Dissection; D005333:Fetus / Q000196:embryology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000196:embryology* / Q000601:surgery*