title: Clinical factors in patients with ischemic versus hemorrhagic stroke in East China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity of vascular diseases, and its incidence maintains at a high level around the world. In China, stroke has been a major public health problem. Because the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke is different from that of hemorrhagic stroke, their clinical factors would not be the same. Therefore to investigate the different effects of various effect factors on ischemic versus hemorrhagic stroke and then to enhance the prevention are crucial to decrease the incidence.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 692 patients, consisting of 540 ischemic stroke patients and 152 hemorrhagic stroke patients from East China, were included in this study. The related factors of stroke subtypes were collected and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The factors significantly associated with ischemic stroke as opposed to hemorrhagic stroke were family history of stroke, obesity, atherosclerotic plaque of the common carotid artery, atrial fibrillation, hyperfibrinogenemia, transient ischemic attack (TIA), atherosclerotic plaque of the internal carotid artery, coronary heart, lower high-density lipoproteins (lower HDL), increasing age, diabetes mellitus, and gender (male) (P<0.05). Leukocytosis, hypertension and family history of hypertension were the significant factors associated with hemorrhagic stroke versus ischemic stroke. Smoking, drinking, kidney diseases and lower HDL-C were the significant factors contributing to ischemic stroke in man. Obesity, family history of hypertension, family history of stroke, hypercholesteremia and myocardial ischemia were the significant factors for females with ischemic stroke.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most prominent factors for overall stroke in East China were hypertension, followed by higher pulse pressure and hypercholesteremia. The factors for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke are not the same. Different effects of risk factors on stroke are found in male and female patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China (Zhang J, Wang Y, Wang GN, Sun H, Zhang JS); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029 China (Sun T); Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China (Shi JQ); Laboratory of Neurotoxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China (Xiao H).
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China (Zhang J, Wang Y, Wang GN, Sun H, Zhang JS); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029 China (Sun T); Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China (Shi JQ); Laboratory of Neurotoxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China (Xiao H).
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China (Zhang J, Wang Y, Wang GN, Sun H, Zhang JS); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029 China (Sun T); Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China (Shi JQ); Laboratory of Neurotoxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China (Xiao H).
authors.forename: Gan-Nan
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China (Zhang J, Wang Y, Wang GN, Sun H, Zhang JS); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029 China (Sun T); Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China (Shi JQ); Laboratory of Neurotoxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China (Xiao H).
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China (Zhang J, Wang Y, Wang GN, Sun H, Zhang JS); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029 China (Sun T); Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China (Shi JQ); Laboratory of Neurotoxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China (Xiao H).
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China (Zhang J, Wang Y, Wang GN, Sun H, Zhang JS); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029 China (Sun T); Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China (Shi JQ); Laboratory of Neurotoxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China (Xiao H).
authors.forename: Jian-Quan
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China (Zhang J, Wang Y, Wang GN, Sun H, Zhang JS); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029 China (Sun T); Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China (Shi JQ); Laboratory of Neurotoxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China (Xiao H).
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China (Zhang J, Wang Y, Wang GN, Sun H, Zhang JS); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029 China (Sun T); Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China (Shi JQ); Laboratory of Neurotoxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China (Xiao H).
authors.forename: Jin-Song
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Zhang
keywords: Hemorrhagic stroke; Ischemic stroke; Risk factors