title: [Molecular characteristics and antibiotic resistance of Vibrio cholerae O139 in Shandong province].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the molecular epidemiological characteristics and antibiotic resistance profiles of Vibrio cholerae O139 in Shandong province.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 13 strains of V. cholerae O139 (9 clinical strains and 4 environmental strains) isolated from cholera epidemics in Shandong province since 1997 were recovered and confirmed with serum agglutination and biochemical reaction. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was carried out for molecular subtyping. Virulence genes and drug resistance related genes were detected by PCR. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed using micro-broth dilution method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen strains of V. cholerae O139 were differentiated into seven pulsetypes. One clinical strain and two environmental strains isolated from Jining in 2013 were clustered into the pulsetype namely KZGN11O139. CN0077, and an identical PFGE pattern of KZGN11O139. CN0002 was found among three clinical strains from Jinan in 2005, Jining in 2005 and Heze in 2009. Other pulsotypes were unique in China and found only in Shandong province. Because of deletion of ctxAB and tcpI, the PFGE patterns of two strains isolated from Yantai in 2000 and 2004 were different from other 11 strains which harbored ctxAB, tcpA, tcpI, rtxA, hlyA and toxR. All strains contained one or more drug resistance related genes such as intI 1, intI 4 and sxt, and were resistant to two kinds of antibiotics at least. Among the 12 kinds of antibiotics, the resistant ratioes to kamamycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin and gentamicin were 11/13, 9/13, 7/13 and 7/13, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Molecular subtyping indicates possible epidemiological links among V.cholerae O139 in Shandong province, and almost all strains were toxigenic and drug resistant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
authors.forename: Yuqi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lyu
authors.forename: Haijian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Zhigang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Zhenwang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.affiliation: Email: bzq63@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhenqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bi
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D002771:Cholera; D002772:Cholera Toxin; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D058872:Epidemics; D006801:Humans; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D041242:Vibrio cholerae O139; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D002772:Cholera Toxin