title: Synthesis and anti-proliferative activities of new derivatives of embelin.
abstract: Embelin (1), a benzoquinone isolated from Embelia ribes is known to possess variety of biological activities. Despite of several promising biological activities, preclinical efforts on embelin were hampered because of its poor aqueous solubility. In order to address the solubility issue, herein, we have synthesized a series of Mannich products of embelin by treating it with various secondary amines. The synthesized compounds were screened for antiproliferative and antimicrobial activities. In cytotoxicity screening, the benzyl-piperidine linked derivative 8m was found to possess better antiproliferative activity compared to parent natural product embelin against a panel of cell lines including HCT-116, MCF-7, MIAPaCa-2 and PC-3 with IC50 values of 30, 41, 34 and 36 μM, respectively. The mechanistic study of compound 8m revealed that it exhibits cytotoxicity via induction of apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential loss. Further, the compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity where dimethylamino- 8a and piperidine linked derivative 8b displayed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values of 8 and 16 μg/mL, respectively. Mannich derivatives did now show improved aqueous solubility, however their hydrochloride salts 8a·HCl, 8b·HCl and 8m·HCl showed significantly improved aqueous solubility without affecting biological activities of parent Mannich derivatives.
authors.affiliation: Natural Products Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.
authors.forename: Baljinder
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.
authors.forename: Santosh K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Guru
authors.affiliation: Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Clinical Microbiology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.
authors.forename: Rashmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Preformulation Laboratory, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.
authors.forename: Sonali S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Bharate
authors.affiliation: Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Clinical Microbiology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.
authors.forename: Inshad Ali
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.
authors.forename: Shashi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhushan
authors.affiliation: Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India. Electronic address: sbharate@iiim.ac.in.
authors.forename: Sandip B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Bharate
authors.affiliation: Natural Products Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India. Electronic address: ram@iiim.ac.in.
authors.forename: Ram A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Vishwakarma
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D031645:Embelia / Q000737:chemistry; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D016227:Benzoquinones; C010945:embelin
keywords: Anticancer; Antimicrobial; Embelin; Mannich reaction; Water soluble