title: IAA-producing rhizobacteria from chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) induce changes in root architecture and increase root biomass.
abstract: Rhizobacteria promote and have beneficial effects on plant growth, making them useful to agriculture. Nevertheless, the rhizosphere of the chickpea plant has not been extensively examined. The aim of the present study was to select indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) producing rhizobacteria from the rhizosphere of chickpea plants for their potential use as biofertilizers. After obtaining a collection of 864 bacterial isolates, we performed a screen using the Salkowski reaction for the presence of auxin compounds (such as IAA) in bacterial Luria-Bertani supernatant (BLBS). Our results demonstrate that the Salkowski reaction has a greater specificity for detecting IAA than other tested auxins. Ten bacterial isolates displaying a wide range of auxin accumulation were selected, producing IAA levels of 5 to 90 μmol/L (according to the Salkowski reaction). Bacterial isolates were identified on the basis of 16S rDNA partial sequences: 9 isolates belonged to Enterobacter, and 1 isolate was classified as Serratia. The effect of BLBS on root morphology was evaluated in Arabidopsis thaliana. IAA production by rhizobacteria was confirmed by means of a DR5::GFP construct that is responsive to IAA, and also by HPLC-GC/MS. Finally, we observed that IAA secreted by rhizobacteria (i) modified the root architecture of A. thaliana, (ii) caused an increase in chickpea root biomass, and (iii) activated the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene driven by the DR5 promoter. These findings provide evidence that these novel bacterial isolates may be considered as putative plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria modifying root architecture and increasing root biomass.
authors.affiliation: a Departamento de Biotecnología Agrícola, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Sinaloa, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Boulevard Juan de Dios Bátiz Paredes No. 250, Col. San Joachin, Guasave, Sinaloa, C.P. 81100, México.
authors.forename: Rosario Alicia
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Fierro-Coronado
authors.forename: Francisco Roberto
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Quiroz-Figueroa
authors.forename: Luz María
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: García-Pérez
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Chávez
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Molina-Torres
authors.forename: Ignacio Eduardo
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Maldonado-Mendoza
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000382:microbiology; D018533:Biomass; D029863:Cicer / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D058441:Rhizosphere
chemical_list: D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; C030737:indoleacetic acid
keywords: Cicer arietinum; acide indole-3 acétique (AIA); chickpea; indole-3-acetic acid (IAA); morphologie racinaire; pois chiche; rhizobacteria; rhizobactéries; root morphology