title: A fluorescence-based method for cyanate analysis in ethanol/water media: correlation between cyanate presence and ethyl carbamate formation in sugar cane spirit.
abstract: Based on the fluorescence properties of 2,4-(1H,3H)-quinazolinedione, a product of the reaction between cyanate and 2-aminobenzoic acid, a simple, sensitive, selective, and reproducible method for the cyanate analysis in aqueous ethanolic media is proposed. In this method, λ(exc) and λ(em) are 310 and 410 nm, respectively, and the limits of detection and quantification are 2.2 × 10(-7) and 6.7 × 10(-7) mol/L, respectively. Under optimal conditions (pH = 4.5, 40% ethanol), a concentration of 5.0 × 10(-6) mol/L cyanate can be determined in a single measurement, at a 95% level of confidence, with an uncertainty of ± 0.13 × 10(-6) mol/L. Cyanide, thiocyanate, chloride, nitrate, and sulfate ions, as well as urea and urethane in concentrations 1 × 10(3) higher than that of cyanate do not interfere with the measurement. The methodology was applied to cyanate analyses in the different fractions of the sugarcane distillate and the data strongly suggest a correlation between the presence of urea in wine, and the cyanate and ethyl carbamate concentrations in the spirit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the fluorescence properties of the reaction product between cyanate and 2-aminobenzoic acid, a method for assaying cyanate was devised. This procedure applied to the sugarcane distillate showed for the first time a correlation between cyanate presence and ethyl carbamate (EC) formation in the different fractions of the product. Therefore, the proposed methodology can be used to predict in freshly distillate sugar cane spirits the potential total concentration of EC to be formed. Therefore, these data could be used to advise about the necessity of implementing a procedure to reduce spirit EC concentration before the product reaches the market.
authors.affiliation: Dept. de Química e Física Molecular, Inst. de Química de São Carlos, Univ. de São Paulo (USP), Avenida Trabalhador São-carlense 400, CP 780, CEP, 13560-970, São Carlos - SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago Hideyuki Kobe
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Ohe
authors.forename: Alexandre Ataide
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Thaís da Silva
authors.initials: Tda S
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Flávio Schutzer
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: de Godoy
authors.forename: Douglas Wagner
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Franco
mesh_terms: D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D003485:Cyanates / Q000032:analysis*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D005470:Fluorometry / Q000379:methods*; D031786:Saccharum / Q000737:chemistry; D014520:Urethane / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003485:Cyanates; D014867:Water; D014520:Urethane; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: ethyl carbamate; fluorimetric cyanate analysis; sugar cane spirit; urea in wine