title: Comparative evaluation of photodynamic therapy induced by two different photosensitizers in rat experimental candidiasis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antimicrobial efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) depends on both the photosensitizer (PS) and laser parameters. In the present study, antimicrobial effectiveness of PDT with different concentrations of two PSs was compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we employed fifty-nine 6-week-old male Wistar rats. All except the negative and overall control groups were immunosuppressed and then orally inoculated with a suspension of Candida albicans (9 × 10(8) CFU/ml). At 4 days after oral inoculation, swabbing of tongue dorsum was performed to recover yeast from the tongue before treatment; on the next day, PDT was carried out on tongue dorsums by use of different concentrations of methylene blue (MB) or poly-L-lysine-chlorine (e6) conjugate (pL-ce6) as PS; followed by a 10 min diode laser illumination at 660 nm (n = 6 each). Then, sampling was again performed. The difference between yeast recovery before and after treatment was compared between the groups by one-way analysis of variance test (α = 0.05). After sacrificing the animals, their tongues were surgically removed and processed for histological evaluation of the presence of yeast and tissue reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PDT mediated by both PSs, regardless of the type and their concentration, resulted in a significant microbiological and histological reduction in C. albicans counts in comparison with positive control group (P < 0.001). There was no difference in epithelial lesions and inflammatory responses between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PDT mediated MB or pL-ce6 is a promising approach for treatment of oral candidiasis.
authors.affiliation: Dental Implants Research Center and Department of Oral Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Heidar
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khademi
authors.affiliation: Dental Materials Research Center and Department of Oral Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Nakisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Torabinia
authors.affiliation: Torabinejad Research Center and Department of Oral Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Allameh
authors.affiliation: Torabinejad Research Center and Department of Oral Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Jebreilamtigh
keywords: Candida albicans; methylene blue; photodynamic therapy; photosensitizer; poly-L-lysine-chlorine (e6) conjugate