title: Application of FTIR-ATR spectroscopy to the quantification of sugar in honey.
abstract: A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic method with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) and partial least squares (PLS) regression model for the prediction of sugar content in honey samples was calculated. Standards of trehalose, glucose, fructose, sucrose, melezitose, turanose and maltose were used to identify and quantify the individual sugar components in 63 honey samples by HPAEC-IPAD. Fructose and glucose are the highest sugars in honey with an average value of 36% and 26%, respectively. The 1stDer spectra with MSC or SLS in the wave number range from 1500 to 750cm(-1) provide the best calibration model with a r(2) of 86.60 and 86.01 with RPD of 2.6 and 2.55, respectively for fructose and glucose. For turanose and melezitose good models were also found. The FTIR-ATR showed to be a good methodology to quantify the main sugar content in honey and easily adapted to routine analysis.
authors.affiliation: IPCB/ESA - Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, Escola Superior Agrária, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal; CEF, Universidade de Lisboa, ISA, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal. Electronic address: ofelia@ipcb.pt.
authors.forename: Ofélia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Anjos
authors.affiliation: Drug Discovery Group, Center for Pharmaceutical Studies, Faulty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Maria Graça
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: IPCB/ESA - Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, Escola Superior Agrária, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal.
authors.forename: Pablo Contreras
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.affiliation: CATAA - Associação Centro Apoio Tecnológico Agro-Alimentar de Castelo Branco, Portugal.
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Antunes
mesh_terms: D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry*; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates
keywords: FTIR-ATR; Fructose; Glucose; HPAEC-IPAD; Honey sugars; Validation