title: Community treatment orders and the experiences of ethnic minority individuals diagnosed with serious mental illness in the Canadian mental health system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of Community Treatment Orders (CTOs) in the Western world has generated considerable discussion regarding best practices in the outpatient treatment of the seriously mentally ill. Although problems encountered by ethnic minority communities in the various health care systems have been studied to some degree, there is an acute dearth of information on the effects of CTOs on minority individuals. This paper presents findings from research on the lived experiences of individuals from ethnic minority backgrounds who have been the subjects of CTOs in Toronto, Canada, and their perceptions of its impact on their lives.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with individuals who have experienced CTOs. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants (n = 24) from ethnic minority background in Toronto, Canada.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants perceived both positive and negative impacts of CTOs. The positives included affirmation of experiences with the mental health system; improved rapport with the case management and clinical team, increased medication compliance and feelings of empowerment. The negative feedback included feelings of being coerced and the stigma associated with it.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of this study suggest that although CTOs are not a panacea for every mental health problem, they can be effective with a specific group who choose to follow through with the expectations of the treatment. The author, however argues that for these individuals to be on a CTO before getting better treatment, brings to the fore a number of issues with the mental health system. This is particularly concerning as it pertains to individuals of ethnic minority background.
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mfoafo-M'Carthy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003156:Community Mental Health Services / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D036301:Qualitative Research