title: The neuroimmunology of degeneration and regeneration in the peripheral nervous system.
abstract: Peripheral nerves regenerate following injury due to the effective activation of the intrinsic growth capacity of the neurons and the formation of a permissive pathway for outgrowth due to Wallerian degeneration (WD). WD and subsequent regeneration are significantly influenced by various immune cells and the cytokines they secrete. Although macrophages have long been known to play a vital role in the degenerative process, recent work has pointed to their importance in influencing the regenerative capacity of peripheral neurons. In this review, we focus on the various immune cells, cytokines, and chemokines that make regeneration possible in the peripheral nervous system, with specific attention placed on the role macrophages play in this process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106-4975.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: DeFrancesco-Lisowitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106-4975.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lindborg
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106-4975.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Niemi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106-4975.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Zigmond
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation / Q000502:physiology*; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: axotomy; chemokine; conditioning lesion; cytokine; dorsal root ganglion; macrophage