title: The history of neurosurgical treatment of sports concussion.
abstract: Concussion has a long and interesting history spanning at least the 5 millennia of written medical record and closely mirrors the development of surgery and neurosurgery. Not surprisingly, much of the past and present experimental head injury and concussion work has been performed within neurosurgically driven laboratories or by several surgically oriented neurologists. This historical review chronicles the key aspects of neurosurgical involvement in sports concussion as related to the diagnosis, treatment, mitigation, and prevention of injury using the example of American football. In addition, we briefly trace the developments that led to our current understanding of the biomechanical and neurophysiological basis of concussion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, Illinois.
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Vimal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Julian E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bailes
mesh_terms: D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000266:history* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000601:surgery; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000266:history* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000601:surgery; D006260:Head Protective Devices / Q000266:history*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000266:history*