title: Meloxicam-loaded nanocapsules have antinociceptive and antiedematogenic effects in acute models of nociception.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The development of new treatments for inflammation and pain continues to be of high interest, since long-acting effect is critical for patients. The present study investigated whether the polymeric nanocapsules, a drug delivery system, have pharmacological effect on acute nociceptive and inflammatory models in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Swiss mice (20-25 g) were previously pre-treated with meloxicam-loaded nanocapsules (M-NC) or free meloxicam (M-F) or suspension without drug (B-NC), at a dose of 5 mg/kg (per oral) at different times (0.5-120 h). Antinociceptive and antiedematogenic effects were evaluated by chemical (acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, nociception and paw edema induced by formalin and glutamate, croton oil-induced ear edema) and thermal (tail immersion and hot-plate) tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  M-NC reduced the licking time- and paw edema-induced by glutamate and formalin, while M-F did not have an effect. In the acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing and croton oil-induced ear edema, analysis of time-course revealed that M-NC showed a response more prolonged than M-F. In the hot-plate test, a thermal test, the time-course analysis indicated a similar increase in the latency response to thermal stimuli of M-NC and M-F, while in the tail-immersion test M-F had an effect at 0.5 h and M-NC at 24 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polymeric nanoparticles had antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antiedematogenic effects in the formalin and glutamate tests, and prolonged the effect in acetic acid and croton oil tests, but not in thermal tests, supporting the idea that the inflammatory process in tissues facilitates the vectoring of polymeric nanoparticles.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas, Centro Universitário Franciscano, CEP 97010-032 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Benonio T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Villalba
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas, Centro Universitário Franciscano, CEP 97010-032 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francine R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Ianiski
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas CEP 96010-900, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: ethelwilhelm@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Ethel A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas, Centro Universitário Franciscano, CEP 97010-032 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marta P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas, Centro Universitário Franciscano, CEP 97010-032 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas CEP 96010-900, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: cristiane_luchese@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Cristiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Luchese
mesh_terms: D059787:Acute Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003436:Croton Oil; D004423:Ear / Q000473:pathology; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D005121:Extremities / Q000473:pathology; D005557:Formaldehyde; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D008297:Male; D000077239:Meloxicam; D051379:Mice; D053769:Nanocapsules / Q000737:chemistry; D059225:Nociception / Q000187:drug effects*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D013843:Thiazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D053769:Nanocapsules; D013843:Thiazines; D013844:Thiazoles; D005557:Formaldehyde; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D003436:Croton Oil; D000077239:Meloxicam
keywords: Antiedematogenic; Antinociceptive; Meloxicam; Nanoparticles; Pain