title: Borderline and locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma margin accentuation with intraoperative irreversible electroporation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Complete tumor extirpation (R0 resection) remains the best possibility for long-term survival in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Unfortunately, approximately 80% of patients are not amenable to resection at diagnosis either because of metastatic (40%) or locally advanced disease (40%). Recent reports of irreversible electroporation (IRE), a high-voltage, short-pulse, cellular energy ablation device, have shown the modality to be safe and potentially beneficial to prognosis. IRE to augment/accentuate the margin during pancreatic resection for certain locally advanced pancreatic cancers has not been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with locally advanced/borderline resectable pancreatic cancer who underwent pancreatectomy with margin accentuation with IRE were followed in a prospective, institutional review board-approved database from July 2010 to January 2013. Data regarding local recurrence, margin status, and survival were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 48 patients with locally advanced pancreatic/borderline cancers underwent pancreatectomy, including pancreatoduodenectomy (58%), subtotal pancreatectomy (35%), distal pancreatectomy (4%), and total pancreatectomy (4%), with IRE margin accentuation of the superior mesenteric artery and/or the anterior margin of the aorta. Most patients had undergone induction therapy with 33 patients (69%) receiving chemoradiation therapy and 18 patients chemotherapy for a median of 6 months (range, 4-13) before resection. A majority (54%) required vascular resection. A total of 9 patients (19%), sustained 21 complications with a median grade of 2 (range, 1-3), with a median duration of stay of 7 days (range, 4-58). With median follow-up of 24 months, 3 (6%) have local recurrence, with a median survival of 22.4 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simultaneous intraoperative IRE and pancreatectomy can provide an adjunct to resection in patients with locally advanced disease. Long-term follow-up has demonstrated a small local recurrence rate that is lower than expected. Continued optimization in multimodality therapy and consideration of appropriate patients could translate into a larger subset that could be treated effectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI.
authors.forename: Kelli
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McFarland
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.
authors.forename: Vic
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Velanovich
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY. Electronic address: Robert.martin@louisville.edu.
authors.forename: Robert C G
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D059186:Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018274:Electroporation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D010180:Pancreatectomy; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016577:Pancreaticoduodenectomy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome