title: Hog1: 20 years of discovery and impact.
abstract: The protein kinase Hog1 (high osmolarity glycerol 1) was discovered 20 years ago, being revealed as a central signaling mediator during osmoregulation in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Homologs of Hog1 exist in all evaluated eukaryotic organisms, and this kinase plays a central role in cellular responses to external stresses and stimuli. Here, we highlight the mechanism by which cells sense changes in extracellular osmolarity, the method by which Hog1 regulates cellular adaptation, and the impacts of the Hog1 pathway upon cellular growth and morphology. Studies that have addressed these issues reveal the influence of the Hog1 signaling pathway on diverse cellular processes.
authors.affiliation: Natural Science Division, Pepperdine University, 24255 Pacific Coast Highway, Malibu, CA 90263, USA. jay.brewster@pepperdine.edu.
authors.forename: Jay L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Brewster
authors.affiliation: Department of BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77251, USA.
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gustin
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D049108:Cell Enlargement; D060833:Cellular Microenvironment; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000502:physiology; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D064587:Osmoregulation / Q000502:physiology*; D009997:Osmotic Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000502:physiology*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; C088589:HOG1 protein, S cerevisiae; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases