title: Parenting in the context of chronic pain: a controlled study of parents with chronic pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to describe what adults with chronic pain experience in their role as parents, utilizing quantitative and qualitative methods. The first aim was to compare parents with chronic pain to parents without chronic pain on perceptions of their adolescent's pain, parental response to pain, and catastrophizing beliefs about pain. The study also examined predictors of parental protective behaviors, and examined whether these associations differed by study group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parents with chronic pain (n=58) and parents without chronic pain (n=72) participated, and completed questionnaire measures of pain characteristics and pain interference, as well as measures of parental catastrophizing and protective pain responses. Parents with chronic pain also completed a structured interview about their experience of being a parent. Interview responses were videotaped and subsequently coded for content.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with controls, parents with chronic pain endorsed more pain in their adolescents, and were more likely to catastrophize about their adolescent's pain and respond with protective behaviors. Parent's own pain interference and the perception of higher pain in their adolescent was associated with increased protective parenting in the chronic pain group. Qualitative coding revealed a number of areas of common impact of chronic pain on parenting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic pain impacts everyday parenting activities and emotions, and impacts pain-specific parent responses that are known to be related to increased pain and pain catastrophizing in children and adolescents. Parents with chronic pain might benefit from interventions that address potential parenting difficulties, and might improve outcomes for their children.
authors.affiliation: *Institute on Development and Disability, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR †Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA.
authors.forename: Anna C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Jessica L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Fales
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D058443:Catastrophization / Q000523:psychology; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058748:Pain Perception; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014741:Video Recording