title: MHC Class II-restricted antigen presentation by plasmacytoid dendritic cells drives proatherogenic T cell immunity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) bridge innate and adaptive immune responses and are important regulators of immuno-inflammatory diseases. However, their role in atherosclerosis remains elusive.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here, we used genetic approaches to investigate the role of pDCs in atherosclerosis. Selective pDC deficiency in vivo was achieved using CD11c-Cre × Tcf4(-/flox) bone marrow transplanted into Ldlr(-/-) mice. Compared with control Ldlr(-/-) chimeric mice, CD11c-Cre × Tcf4(-/flox) mice had reduced atherosclerosis levels. To begin to understand the mechanisms by which pDCs regulate atherosclerosis, we studied chimeric Ldlr(-/-) mice with selective MHCII deficiency on pDCs. Significantly, these mice also developed reduced atherosclerosis compared with controls without reductions in pDC numbers or changes in conventional DCs. MHCII-deficient pDCs showed defective stimulation of apolipoprotein B100-specific CD4(+) T cells in response to native low-density lipoprotein, whereas production of interferon-α was not affected. Finally, the atheroprotective effect of selective MHCII deficiency in pDCs was associated with significant reductions of proatherogenic T cell-derived interferon-γ and lesional T cell infiltration, and was abrogated in CD4(+) T cell-depleted animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports a proatherogenic role for pDCs in murine atherosclerosis and identifies a critical role for MHCII-restricted antigen presentation by pDCs in driving proatherogenic T cell immunity.
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.S., D.M., L.M.M., L.L.B., A.J.F., J.E.H., Z.M.); Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (P.M., S.R.S., H.C., G.G.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France (H.A., Z.M.); the Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (P.M., G.G.); Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland (B.L.); the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (W.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K.H.); the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (B.R.); and the Department of Pathology, University of Geneva Medical School, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.).
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Sage
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.S., D.M., L.M.M., L.L.B., A.J.F., J.E.H., Z.M.); Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (P.M., S.R.S., H.C., G.G.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France (H.A., Z.M.); the Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (P.M., G.G.); Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland (B.L.); the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (W.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K.H.); the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (B.R.); and the Department of Pathology, University of Geneva Medical School, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.).
authors.forename: Deirdre
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.S., D.M., L.M.M., L.L.B., A.J.F., J.E.H., Z.M.); Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (P.M., S.R.S., H.C., G.G.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France (H.A., Z.M.); the Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (P.M., G.G.); Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland (B.L.); the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (W.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K.H.); the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (B.R.); and the Department of Pathology, University of Geneva Medical School, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.).
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maffia
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.S., D.M., L.M.M., L.L.B., A.J.F., J.E.H., Z.M.); Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (P.M., S.R.S., H.C., G.G.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France (H.A., Z.M.); the Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (P.M., G.G.); Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland (B.L.); the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (W.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K.H.); the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (B.R.); and the Department of Pathology, University of Geneva Medical School, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.).
authors.forename: Leanne M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Masters
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.S., D.M., L.M.M., L.L.B., A.J.F., J.E.H., Z.M.); Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (P.M., S.R.S., H.C., G.G.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France (H.A., Z.M.); the Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (P.M., G.G.); Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland (B.L.); the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (W.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K.H.); the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (B.R.); and the Department of Pathology, University of Geneva Medical School, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.).
authors.forename: Suleman R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Sabir
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.S., D.M., L.M.M., L.L.B., A.J.F., J.E.H., Z.M.); Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (P.M., S.R.S., H.C., G.G.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France (H.A., Z.M.); the Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (P.M., G.G.); Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland (B.L.); the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (W.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K.H.); the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (B.R.); and the Department of Pathology, University of Geneva Medical School, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.).
authors.forename: Lauren L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.S., D.M., L.M.M., L.L.B., A.J.F., J.E.H., Z.M.); Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (P.M., S.R.S., H.C., G.G.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France (H.A., Z.M.); the Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (P.M., G.G.); Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland (B.L.); the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (W.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K.H.); the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (B.R.); and the Department of Pathology, University of Geneva Medical School, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.).
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cambrook
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.S., D.M., L.M.M., L.L.B., A.J.F., J.E.H., Z.M.); Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (P.M., S.R.S., H.C., G.G.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France (H.A., Z.M.); the Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (P.M., G.G.); Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland (B.L.); the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (W.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K.H.); the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (B.R.); and the Department of Pathology, University of Geneva Medical School, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.).
authors.forename: Alison J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Finigan
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.S., D.M., L.M.M., L.L.B., A.J.F., J.E.H., Z.M.); Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (P.M., S.R.S., H.C., G.G.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France (H.A., Z.M.); the Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (P.M., G.G.); Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland (B.L.); the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (W.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K.H.); the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (B.R.); and the Department of Pathology, University of Geneva Medical School, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.).
authors.forename: Hafid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ait-Oufella
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.S., D.M., L.M.M., L.L.B., A.J.F., J.E.H., Z.M.); Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (P.M., S.R.S., H.C., G.G.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France (H.A., Z.M.); the Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (P.M., G.G.); Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland (B.L.); the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (W.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K.H.); the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (B.R.); and the Department of Pathology, University of Geneva Medical School, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.).
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grassia
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.S., D.M., L.M.M., L.L.B., A.J.F., J.E.H., Z.M.); Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (P.M., S.R.S., H.C., G.G.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France (H.A., Z.M.); the Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (P.M., G.G.); Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland (B.L.); the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (W.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K.H.); the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (B.R.); and the Department of Pathology, University of Geneva Medical School, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.).
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.S., D.M., L.M.M., L.L.B., A.J.F., J.E.H., Z.M.); Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (P.M., S.R.S., H.C., G.G.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France (H.A., Z.M.); the Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (P.M., G.G.); Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland (B.L.); the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (W.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K.H.); the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (B.R.); and the Department of Pathology, University of Geneva Medical School, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.).
authors.forename: Burkhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ludewig
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.S., D.M., L.M.M., L.L.B., A.J.F., J.E.H., Z.M.); Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (P.M., S.R.S., H.C., G.G.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France (H.A., Z.M.); the Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (P.M., G.G.); Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland (B.L.); the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (W.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K.H.); the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (B.R.); and the Department of Pathology, University of Geneva Medical School, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.).
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Reith
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.S., D.M., L.M.M., L.L.B., A.J.F., J.E.H., Z.M.); Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (P.M., S.R.S., H.C., G.G.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France (H.A., Z.M.); the Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (P.M., G.G.); Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland (B.L.); the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (W.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K.H.); the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (B.R.); and the Department of Pathology, University of Geneva Medical School, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.).
authors.forename: Göran K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Hansson
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.S., D.M., L.M.M., L.L.B., A.J.F., J.E.H., Z.M.); Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (P.M., S.R.S., H.C., G.G.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France (H.A., Z.M.); the Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (P.M., G.G.); Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland (B.L.); the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (W.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K.H.); the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (B.R.); and the Department of Pathology, University of Geneva Medical School, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.).
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reizis
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.S., D.M., L.M.M., L.L.B., A.J.F., J.E.H., Z.M.); Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (P.M., S.R.S., H.C., G.G.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France (H.A., Z.M.); the Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (P.M., G.G.); Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland (B.L.); the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (W.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K.H.); the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (B.R.); and the Department of Pathology, University of Geneva Medical School, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.).
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hugues
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.S., D.M., L.M.M., L.L.B., A.J.F., J.E.H., Z.M.); Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (P.M., S.R.S., H.C., G.G.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France (H.A., Z.M.); the Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (P.M., G.G.); Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland (B.L.); the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (W.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K.H.); the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (B.R.); and the Department of Pathology, University of Geneva Medical School, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.). zm255@medchl.cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Ziad
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mallat
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000276:immunology*; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D011973:Receptors, LDL / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000073940:Transcription Factor 4
chemical_list: D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D011973:Receptors, LDL; C090743:Tcf4 protein, mouse; D000073940:Transcription Factor 4
keywords: antigen presentation; atherosclerosis; dendritic cells; immunity; lymphocytes