title: Understanding the charge-transfer state and singlet exciton emission from solution-processed small-molecule organic solar cells.
abstract: Electroluminescence (EL) from the charge-transfer state and singlet excitons is observed at low applied voltages from high-performing small-molecule bulk-heterojunction solar cells. Singlet emission from the blends emerges upon altering the processing conditions, such as thermal annealing and processing with a solvent additive, and correlates with improved photovoltaic performance. Low-temperature EL measurements are utilized to access the physics behind the singlet emission.
authors.affiliation: Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
authors.forename: Niva A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Ran
authors.forename: Martijn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuik
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Love
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Proctor
authors.forename: Ikuhiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.forename: Guillermo C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Bazan
authors.forename: Thuc-Quyen
authors.initials: TQ
authors.lastname: Nguyen
mesh_terms: D015394:Molecular Structure; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry; D055668:Photochemical Processes; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000737:chemistry; D012993:Solar Energy; D013696:Temperature; D013830:Thiadiazoles / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C493309:N(4)-benzyl-N(6),N(6)-dimethyl-1-1(tert-butyl)-1H-pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine-6,4-diamine; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011743:Pyrimidines; D013830:Thiadiazoles; C057718:6-(Dimethylamino)-2-((1E,3E)-4-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-1,3-butadien-1-yl)-1-ethylquinolinium perchlorate
keywords: charge-transfer states; electroluminescence; molecular donors; organic photovoltaics; organic solar cells