title: The effect of liposomal bupivacaine injection during total hip arthroplasty: a controlled cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multimodal analgesia following total hip arthroplasty has been shown to improve patient satisfaction, participation with physical therapy, and allow early return to self care. Liposomal bupivacaine is a formulation of local anesthetic which has the potential to provide anesthesia for up to 72 hours following administration. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of liposomal bupivacaine with bupivacaine following total hip arthroplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was performed on 28 patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty or hip resurfacing who received intraoperative administration of liposomal bupivacaine. A control group of 30 patients who had previously undergone total hip arthroplasty or hip resurfacing and had received intraoperative administration of bupivacaine also underwent a chart review. Length of stay, post-operative opioid use, and pain scores were compared for both groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average length of stay in the study group was 1.93 days and the control group length of stay was 2.47 days (p ≤ 0.05). Morphine equivalent use was less in the study group during the first 24 hours compared to the control group (p ≤0.05). During the second and third 24 hours the morphine equivalent use difference was not statistically significant. Visual analogue scores were not significantly different between groups at any time point.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Liposomal bupivacaine administration during total hip arthroplasty appears to decrease the need for opioid use post operatively and decrease length of stay. The results of this study justify the need for a well-designed randomized controlled trial utilizing liposomal bupivacaine as part of multimodal analgesia during THA.
authors.affiliation: American Hip Institute, 1010 Executive Court Suite 250, Westmont, IL 60559, USA. DrDomb@americanhipinstitute.org.
authors.forename: Benjamin G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Domb
authors.forename: Asheesh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Jon E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hammarstedt
authors.forename: Christine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Stake
authors.forename: Kinzie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Redmond
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000379:methods*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000639:trends; D008081:Liposomes; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008081:Liposomes; D002045:Bupivacaine