title: High-field FT-ICR mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy to characterize DOM removal through a nanofiltration pilot plant.
abstract: Ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were combined to evaluate the molecular changes of dissolved organic matter (DOM) through an ultrafiltration-nanofiltration (UF-NF) pilot plant, using two dissimilar NF membranes tested in parallel. The sampling was performed on seven key locations within the pilot plant: pretreated water, UF effluent, UF effluent after addition of reagents, permeate NF 1, permeate NF 2, brine NF 1 and brine NF 2, during two sampling campaigns. The study showed that there is no significant change in the nature of DOM at molecular level, when the water was treated with UF and/or with the addition of sodium metabisulfite and antiscaling agents. However, enormous decrease of DOM concentration was observed when the water was treated on the NF membranes. The NF process preferentially removed compounds with higher oxygen and nitrogen content (more hydrophilic compounds), whereas molecules with longer pure aliphatic chains and less content of oxygen were the ones capable of passing through the membranes. Moreover, slight molecular selectivity between the two NF membranes was also observed.
authors.affiliation: Mass Spectrometry Laboratory / Organic Pollutants, IDAEA-CSIC; Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: nuria.cortes@cid.csic.es.
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cortés-Francisco
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry (BGC), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Mourad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harir
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry (BGC), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lucio
authors.affiliation: Fundació CTM Centre Tecnològic; Plaça de la Ciència, 2, 08243 Manresa, Spain.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ribera
authors.affiliation: Fundació CTM Centre Tecnològic; Plaça de la Ciència, 2, 08243 Manresa, Spain.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Martínez-Lladó
authors.affiliation: Fundació CTM Centre Tecnològic; Plaça de la Ciència, 2, 08243 Manresa, Spain.
authors.forename: Miquel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rovira
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry (BGC), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 10, 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
authors.forename: Philipe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmitt-Kopplin
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry (BGC), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. Electronic address: hertkorn@helmholtz-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hertkorn
authors.affiliation: Mass Spectrometry Laboratory / Organic Pollutants, IDAEA-CSIC; Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caixach
mesh_terms: D060766:Drinking Water / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards*; D005374:Filtration / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006812:Humic Substances / Q000032:analysis; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D049329:Nanostructures; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D060753:Water Quality / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D006812:Humic Substances; D009584:Nitrogen; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: DBPs; Dissolved organic matter; Drinking water treatment plant; FT-ICR mass spectrometry; NMR spectroscopy; Nanofiltration