title: Potential mechanisms of hepatitis B virus induced liver injury.
abstract: Chronic active hepatitis (CAH) is acknowledged as an imperative risk factor for the development of liver injury and hepatocellular carcinoma. The histological end points of CAH are chronic inflammation, fibrosis and cirrhosis which are coupled with increased DNA synthesis in cirrhotic vs healthy normal livers. The potential mechanism involved in CAH includes a combination of processes leading to liver cell necrosis, inflammation and cytokine production and liver scaring (fibrosis). The severity of liver damage is regulated by Hepatitis B virus genotypes and viral components. The viral and cellular factors that contribute to liver injury are discussed in this article. Liver injury caused by the viral infection affects many cellular processes such as cell signaling, apoptosis, transcription, DNA repair which in turn induce radical effects on cell survival, growth, transformation and maintenance. The consequence of such perturbations is resulted in the alteration of bile secretion, gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, detoxification and metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, fat and balance of nutrients. The identification and elucidation of the molecular pathways perturbed by the viral proteins are important in order to design effective strategy to minimize and/or restore the hepatocytes injury.
authors.affiliation: Mohd Suhail, Ashraf Ali, Ghazi A Damanhouri, Adeel GA Chaudhary, Ishtiaq Qadri, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohd
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suhail
authors.affiliation: Mohd Suhail, Ashraf Ali, Ghazi A Damanhouri, Adeel GA Chaudhary, Ishtiaq Qadri, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hany
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abdel-Hafiz
authors.affiliation: Mohd Suhail, Ashraf Ali, Ghazi A Damanhouri, Adeel GA Chaudhary, Ishtiaq Qadri, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ashraf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Mohd Suhail, Ashraf Ali, Ghazi A Damanhouri, Adeel GA Chaudhary, Ishtiaq Qadri, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Kaneez
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fatima
authors.affiliation: Mohd Suhail, Ashraf Ali, Ghazi A Damanhouri, Adeel GA Chaudhary, Ishtiaq Qadri, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ghazi A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Damanhouri
authors.affiliation: Mohd Suhail, Ashraf Ali, Ghazi A Damanhouri, Adeel GA Chaudhary, Ishtiaq Qadri, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Esam
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Azhar
authors.affiliation: Mohd Suhail, Ashraf Ali, Ghazi A Damanhouri, Adeel GA Chaudhary, Ishtiaq Qadri, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Adeel Ga
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.affiliation: Mohd Suhail, Ashraf Ali, Ghazi A Damanhouri, Adeel GA Chaudhary, Ishtiaq Qadri, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ishtiaq
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Qadri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D005838:Genotype; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: Ground squirrel hepatitis virus; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis B virus genotype; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Interferon regulatory factor 7; Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4; Peripheral blood mononuclear cells; TNF receptor-associated factor 3; Woodchuck hepatitis virus