title: High or low dietary carbohydrate:protein ratios during first-feeding affect glucose metabolism and intestinal microbiota in juvenile rainbow trout.
abstract: Based on the concept of nutritional programming in mammals, we tested whether an acute hyperglucidic-hypoproteic stimulus during first feeding could induce long-term changes in nutrient metabolism in rainbow trout. Trout alevins received during the five first days of exogenous feeding either a hyperglucidic (40% gelatinized starch + 20% glucose) and hypoproteic (20%) diet (VLP diet) or a high-protein (60%) glucose-free diet (HP diet, control). Following a common 105-day period on a commercial diet, both groups were then challenged (65 days) with a carbohydrate-rich diet (28%). Short- and long-term effects of the early stimuli were evaluated in terms of metabolic marker gene expressions and intestinal microbiota as initial gut colonisation is essential for regulating the development of the digestive system. In whole alevins (short term), diet VLP relative to HP rapidly increased gene expressions of glycolytic enzymes, while those involved in gluconeogenesis and amino acid catabolism decreased. However, none of these genes showed persistent molecular adaptation in the liver of challenged juveniles (long term). By contrast, muscle of challenged juveniles subjected previously to the VLP stimulus displayed downregulated expression of markers of glycolysis and glucose transport (not seen in the short term). These fish also had higher plasma glucose (9 h postprandial), suggesting impaired glucose homeostasis induced by the early stimulus. The early stimulus did not modify the expression of the analysed metabolism-related microRNAs, but had short- and long-term effects on intestinal fungi (not bacteria) profiles. In summary, our data show that a short hyperglucidic-hypoproteic stimulus during early life may have a long-term influence on muscle glucose metabolism and intestinal microbiota in trout.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR1067 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Geurden
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR1067 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mennigen
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR1067 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Plagnes-Juan
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR1067 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Veron
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR1067 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cerezo
authors.affiliation: IFREMER, Laboratoire d'Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition des Poissons (ARN), UMR 6539 LEMAR (Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin), Technopôle Brest-Iroise, BP 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mazurais
authors.affiliation: IFREMER, Laboratoire d'Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition des Poissons (ARN), UMR 6539 LEMAR (Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin), Technopôle Brest-Iroise, BP 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zambonino-Infante
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR1067 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France IFREMER, Laboratoire d'Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition des Poissons (ARN), UMR 6539 LEMAR (Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin), Technopôle Brest-Iroise, BP 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gatesoupe
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR1067 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Skiba-Cassy
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR1067 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France panserat@st-pee.inra.fr.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panserat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D005943:Gluconeogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D006019:Glycolysis / Q000235:genetics; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D064307:Microbiota; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins
keywords: Carbohydrates; Metabolism; Nutritional programming; Protein; Rainbow trout