title: Pneumocystis jirovecii infection and the associated dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) mutations in HIV-positive individuals from Pune, India.
abstract: The present study was undertaken to detect Pneumocystis jirovecii infection among HIV-positive patients presenting with symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection and analyze the associated dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) mutations. P. jirovecii infection was detected in 12.6% cases. We did not find DHPS gene mutations at the commonest positions of codon 55 and 57; however, mutation at codon 171 was detected in two cases. No mutations in DHFR gene were detected. The results indicate low prevalence of DHPS and DHFR mutations in Indian P. jirovecii isolates, suggesting that the selective pressure of sulfa drugs on the local strains has probably not reached the levels found in developed nations.
authors.affiliation: National AIDS Research Institute, 73 'G' Block, MIDC Bhosari, Pune, 411026, Maharashtra, India, amane@nariindia.org.
authors.forename: Arati
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mane
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gujar
authors.forename: Jipsi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lokhande
authors.forename: Tilak
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dhamgaye
authors.forename: Shivhari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghorpade
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Risbud
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001483:Base Sequence; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D004094:Dihydropteroate Synthase / Q000235:genetics*; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016720:Pneumocystis Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D045363:Pneumocystis carinii / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013762:Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D013762:Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase; D004094:Dihydropteroate Synthase