title: Sweat, the driving force behind normal skin: an emerging perspective on functional biology and regulatory mechanisms.
abstract: The various symptoms associated with excessive or insufficient perspiration can significantly reduce a patient's quality of life. If a versatile and minimally invasive method could be established for returning sweat activity to normalcy, there is no question that it could be used in the treatment of many diseases that are believed to involve perspiration. For this reason, based on an understanding of the sweat-gland control function and sweat activity, it was necessary to conduct a comprehensive search for the factors that control sweating, such as the central and peripheral nerves that control sweat-gland function, the microenvironment surrounding the sweat glands, and lifestyle. We focused on the mechanism by which atopic dermatitis leads to hypohidrosis and confirmed that histamine inhibits acetylcholinergic sweating. Acetylcholine promotes the phosphorylation of glycogen synthesis kinase 3β (GSK3β) in the sweat-gland secretory cells and leads to sensible perspiration. By suppressing the phosphorylation of GSK3β, histamine inhibits the movement of sweat from the sweat-gland secretory cells through the sweat ducts, which could presumably be demonstrated by dynamic observations of the sweat glands using two-photon microscopy. It is expected that the discovery of new factors that control sweat-gland function can contribute to the treatment of diseases associated with dyshidrosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan. Electronic address: h-murota@derma.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murota
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Saki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Emi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kijima
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kikuta
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Katayama
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000378:metabolism; D004439:Eccrine Glands / Q000378:metabolism; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D006632:Histamine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007007:Hypohidrosis / Q000378:metabolism; D008853:Microscopy; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017785:Photons; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena; D013542:Sweat / Q000378:metabolism*; D013545:Sweat Glands / Q000196:embryology*; D013546:Sweating / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D006632:Histamine; C000605506:GSK3B protein, human; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D000109:Acetylcholine
keywords: Acetylcholine; Anhidrosis; Eccrine sweat gland; Glycogen synthesis kinase 3β; Histamine; Sweat