title: Psychiatric comorbidity in children with high-functioning pervasive developmental disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In previous studies for children with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), the prevalence for psychiatric comorbidities has varied because of their methodological differences. In this research, our PDD subjects were strictly limited by age and IQ scores, and we utilized a semi-structured interview to diagnose their coexisting disorders. The purpose of this study is to identify reliable prevalence and types of psychiatric comorbidities in children with high-functioning PDD (HFPDD).
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 49 children aged 6-15 years with HFPDD. In order to diagnose the comorbidities among them, we used the Japanese version of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime version.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-eight cases (98%) met the criteria for at least one comorbidity. The median number of the present comorbidities per child was 2, and the mode was 2. Depression (37%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (49%), and oppositional defiant disorder (45%) were frequently observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our finding indicates the high prevalence of comorbidities and the variety of the comorbid disorders in children with HFPDD. It is important to be aware of those comorbid disorders to provide the children with effective treatments.
authors.forename: Hiroto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kusaka
authors.forename: Dai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miyawaki
authors.forename: Yuta
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Eri
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Futoo
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Koki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales