title: Short and long-term impact of lipectomy on expression profile of hepatic anabolic genes in rats: a high fat and high cholesterol diet-induced obese model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand the molecular basis of the short and long-term effects of an immediate shortage of energy storage caused by lipectomy on expression profile of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in high fat and high cholesterol diet-induced obese rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The hepatic mRNA levels of enzymes, regulator and transcription factors involved in glucose and lipid metabolism were analyzed by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) ten days and eight weeks after lipectomy in obese rats. Body and liver weights and serum biochemical parameters, adiponectin, leptin and insulin were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference was observed on the food intake between the lipectomized and sham-operated groups during the experimental period. Ten days after the operation, the lipectomized animals showed significant higher triacylglycerol, glucose and insulin levels, a lower adiponectin concentration than the sham-operated rats, along with significant higher hepatic mRNA levels of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) and the enzymes involved in lipogenesis, sterol biosynthesis and gluconeogenesis. The results of immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis also confirmed increased levels of lipogenic enzymes in the liver of lipectomized versus sham-operated animals. The lipectomized group had a significantly lower adiponectin/leptin ratio that was positively correlated to the level of LDL (r = 0.823, P<0.05) and negatively to glucose and insulin (r = -0.821 and -0.892 respectively, P<0.05). Eight weeks after the operation, the lipectomized animals revealed significant higher body and liver weights, weight gain, liver to body weight ratio, hepatic triacylglycerol and serum insulin level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In response to lipectomy a short term enhancement of the expression of hepatic anabolic genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism was triggered that might eventually lead to the final extra weight gain. These metabolic changes could be the results of reduced circulating adiponectin that further influences the functions of insulin and hepatic HNF4α.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Bey-Leei
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Tang
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology, HungKuang University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiu-Chin
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jin-Jin
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chiung-Yin
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Fen-Pi
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Chou
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000235:genetics; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D051557:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D015187:Lipectomy; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000601:surgery*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D051557:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4; C496594:Hnf4a protein, rat; D006728:Hormones; D007328:Insulin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D002784:Cholesterol