title: Human papilloma virus and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: pathology, prognosis, recurrence and mortality of the disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One of the malignant tumors among head and neck cancers is nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Many studies consider human papilloma virus (HPV) as a cause for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  41 paraffin-wax-embedded block samples were examined to detect HPV DNA and its subtype's presence by polymerase chain reaction. The recurrence, prognosis and survival were evaluated for an average of 48 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HPV DNA was positive in 9 patients (22%). The overall recurrence rate was 75% in HPV negative patients and 11% in HPV positive ones. The mortality rate in HPV negative and positive patients was 37.5% and 0%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HPV type 18 and 16 were the most common subtypes. Also, it can be implied that patients which are HPV positive had better prognosis and also less recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 8915887857, Iran.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Atighechi
authors.affiliation: Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 8915887857, Iran.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ahmadpour Baghdadabad
authors.affiliation: Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 8915887857, Iran.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mirvakili
authors.affiliation: Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 8915887857, Iran.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sheikhha
authors.affiliation: Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 8915887857, Iran.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Baradaranfar
authors.affiliation: Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 8915887857, Iran.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Dadgarnia
authors.affiliation: Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 8915887857, Iran.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Behniafard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002277:Carcinoma; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D059248:Chemoradiotherapy; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077274:Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral