title: Status epilepticus and cluster seizures.
abstract: Status epilepticus (SE) is a medical emergency for companion animals, with significant associated morbidity and mortality. Therapy in companion animals and people has been largely with sedatives and anesthetics, many of which have gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-mediated mechanisms. Early aggressive treatment includes staged first-line therapy with benzodiazepines, and second- and third-line protocols when needed. Recently, intravenous levetiracetam has also been used in for SE in dogs and people, and there are other human intravenous drug preparations that may hold promise for future use in companion animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1352 Boyd Avenue, St Paul, MN 55108, USA. Electronic address: patte037@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Edward Ned E
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Patterson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D002415:Cats; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D004285:Dogs; D012640:Seizures / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants
keywords: Diazepam; Dog; Epilepsy; Levetiracetam; Phenobarbital; Seizures