title: Quaternary chitosan oligomers enhance resistance and biocontrol efficacy of Rhodosporidium paludigenum to green mold in satsuma orange.
abstract: This study investigated the capacity of chitosan oligomers (COS), applied before harvest singly or in combination with antagonists, in controlling postharvest green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum in satsuma orange. Oranges treated with COS or Rhodosporidium paludigenum were observed having a delay in onset and progression of disease symptoms relative to wounded controls. Preharvest application of COS at different concentrations achieved similar biocontrol efficiency rates in green mold control after 4 days storage. However, the combination of pre-COS (1%, w/v) and R. paludigenum showed a more effective decay control than any other treatments. COS (1%, w/v) alone did not negatively affect R. paludigenum growth in wounds, but severely inhibited P. digitatum spore germination than lower dose treatments in vitro. The expression levels of the defense-related genes chitinase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase increased with decreased disease symptoms. Moreover, this phenomenon was more prominent in the integrated treatments than in the individual ones.
authors.affiliation: College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Laifeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiali
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ramila
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Azat
authors.affiliation: College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: xdzheng@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D001487:Basidiomycota; D061046:Biological Control Agents; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002957:Citrus / Q000382:microbiology*; D060467:Disease Resistance; D010407:Penicillium / Q000187:drug effects*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D061046:Biological Control Agents; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Biocontrol yeast; Chitosan oligomers; Disease resistance; Penicillium digitatum; Satsuma orange