title: Cytomegalovirus disease in patients with glomerular diseases treated by immunosuppressive treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is an important complication in organ and bone marrow recipients as well as patients infected with HIV. Although screening and prophylaxis have been defined in these patients, there are few data about the frequency of CMV disease in glomerular diseases treated by immunosuppression.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 133 patients with glomerular diseases treated by immunosuppression between 2006 and 2013. Patients who had any symptoms suggestive of CMV disease were screened for viral DNA. Immunosuppressive treatments were as follows: Group 1, steroid only; Group 2, steroid with cyclophosphamide (CP); Group 3, steroid with cyclosporine A; and Group 4, steroid with mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients developing CMV and non-CMV disease were compared for age, sex, renal pathology, hypertension, diabetes, baseline creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate, and immunosuppressive regimen. At follow-up, 55 patients were tested for CMV disease during immunosuppressive treatment. Twenty-six patients had CMV DNA positivity of 1,112-205,500 copies/mL. Patients with CMV disease were all seen within the first 5 months of immunosuppressive treatment, and the disease was observed most commonly (14 patients, 53 %) in the first 2 months of treatment. Multiple regression analysis revealed that high baseline creatinine levels, older age, and use of steroids with CP were independent risk factors for development of CMV disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CMV disease is not an uncommon complication in patients with glomerular diseases treated by immunosuppression. Further prospective studies and prophylaxis should be addressed in future studies, including particular groups of patients.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ibni Sina Hospital 14th Floor, Samanpazari/Altindag, 06100, Ankara, Turkey, zeynepkendi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Zeynep Kendi
authors.initials: ZK
authors.lastname: Celebi
authors.forename: Reyhan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Calayoglu
authors.forename: Aysun Karasu
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Yalcı
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akturk
authors.forename: Sule
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sengul
authors.forename: Sim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kutlay
authors.forename: Gokhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nergizoglu
authors.forename: Sehsuvar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Erturk
authors.forename: Neval
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Duman
authors.forename: Kenan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ates
authors.forename: Kenan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Keven
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001706:Biopsy; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D001379:Azathioprine