title: Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma with skin metastasis: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rhabdomyosarcoma is a soft tissue neoplasm that usually arises in the head and neck region and genitourinary tract. Skin metastasis of rhabdomyosarcoma is extremely rare; of thirteen cases reported in the literature, most were children younger than 10 years and only three cases have been reported in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 20-year-old Moroccan man was admitted with a right orbital tumor. The tumor was excised and histopathology examination confirmed a diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma. The patient was treated with chemotherapy, but local recurrence occurred one year later. The patient underwent right orbital exenteration followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. After 6 months, the patient developed a cutaneous mass in the right lumbar region, which was resected. Immunohistochemical examination of the tumor showed this to be a cutaneous metastasis of rhabdomyosarcoma. The patient was treated by chemotherapy and there appeared to be no recurrence after 9 months of follow up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Skin metastasis from rhabdomyosarcoma is extremely rare, particularly in adults. The purpose of presenting this case report is to raise awareness among clinicians--skin biopsy and immunohistochemistry are needed to distinguish this neoplasm from other cutaneous tumors so that appropriate treatment can be initiated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco. elfadwa512@hotmail.fr.
authors.forename: Fadwa
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Elomrani
authors.forename: Salima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Touri
authors.forename: Imane
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ouziane
authors.forename: Narjiss
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Berrada
authors.forename: Saber
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boutayeb
authors.forename: Hind
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mrabti
authors.forename: Basma
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Elkhannoussi
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Errihani
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D001706:Biopsy; D059186:Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D012086:Reoperation; D018233:Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor