title: A descriptive retrospective study of time consumption in home care services: how do employees use their working time?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Home care services in Norway are provided for free, and municipalities are responsible for their provision to all those in need of them, in accordance with the Act on Municipal Health and Care Services. The costs of home care services are increasing. Many municipalities are now working to find the best cost-effective solutions to ensure that home care services are of sufficient quality but still affordable. This paper describes how nurses and health workers spend their working time, with a hypothesis that driving time and time required to document details of the care given are underestimated in weekly planning schedules.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article sets out a descriptive retrospective study of day-schedules and driving routes for staff working in home care services. Data were analyzed using GIS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The driving time was between 18% and 26% of working time in municipality A, and between 21% and 23% in municipality B. Visiting time varied between 44% and 62% in municipality A, and 40% and 56% in municipality B. Other tasks, including the legally-required documentation of the care given, varied between 19% and 32% in municipality A and 21% and 38% in municipality B. Overall, 22% of the driving routes in municipality A, and 14% in municipality B, took more time than expected. In municipality A, 22% of the day-schedules underestimated overtime; this figure was 14% in municipality B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In home care services, time taken for driving and to write statutory documentation seems to have been underestimated. Better planning and organization of driving routes would reduce driving time and allow more time for other necessary work.
authors.affiliation: The Faculty of Professional Studies, University of Nordland, 8049 Bodø, Norway. solrun.holm@uin.no.
authors.forename: Solrun G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Holm
authors.forename: Ragnhild O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Angelsen
mesh_terms: D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D006291:Health Policy; D006699:Home Care Services / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D009664:Norway; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014195:Travel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000078329:Workforce