title: Biomarkers and insulin sensitivity in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Characteristics and predictive capacity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder associated with metabolic complications. Metabolic biomarkers with roles in obesity, glycaemic control and lipid metabolism are potentially relevant in PCOS. The aim was to investigate metabolic biomarkers in lean and overweight women with and without PCOS and to determine whether any biomarker was able to predict insulin resistance in PCOS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-four women (22 overweight and 22 lean women with PCOS, 18 overweight and 22 lean women without PCOS) were recruited from the community and categorized based on PCOS and BMI status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary outcomes were metabolic biomarkers [ghrelin, resistin, visfatin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor -1 (PAI-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and C-Peptide] measured using the Bio-Plex Pro Diabetes assay and insulin sensitivity as assessed by glucose infusion rate on euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The biomarkers C-peptide, leptin, ghrelin and visfatin were different between overweight and lean women, irrespective of PCOS status. The concentration of circulating biomarkers did not differ between women with PCOS diagnosed by the Rotterdam criteria or National Institute of Health criteria. PAI-1 was the only biomarker that significantly predicted insulin resistance in both control women (P = 0.04) and women with PCOS (P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biomarkers associated with metabolic diseases appear more strongly associated with obesity rather than PCOS status. PAI-1 may also be a novel independent biomarker and predictor of insulin resistance in women with and without PCOS.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.|Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cassar
authors.affiliation: Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.|Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: Helena J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Teede
authors.affiliation: Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: Cheryce L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.affiliation: Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.|Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: Anju E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Joham
authors.affiliation: Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.|The Robinson Research Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Lisa J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.|Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: Nigel K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Stepto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide / Q000378:metabolism; D054439:Ghrelin; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D052243:Resistin / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002096:C-Peptide; D016207:Cytokines; D054439:Ghrelin; D020738:Leptin; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C499624:RETN protein, human; D052243:Resistin; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase; C085455:nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, human