title: Risk factors for combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma: a hospital-based case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify risk factors contributing to the development of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (CHC) in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty-six patients with CHC and 4:1 matched healthy controls were interviewed during the period from February 2000 to October 2012. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each risk factor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate analysis showed that the significant risk factors for CHC development were hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, heavy alcohol consumption, a family history of liver cancer, and diabetes mellitus. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that HBV infection (OR = 19.245, 95%CI: 13.260-27.931) and heavy alcohol consumption (OR = 2.186, 95%CI: 1.070-4.466) were independent factors contributing to the development of CHC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HBV infection and heavy alcohol consumption may play a role in the development of CHC in China.
authors.affiliation: Yan-Ming Zhou, Lu-Peng Wu, Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreato-Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Yan-Ming Zhou, Lu-Peng Wu, Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreato-Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Yan-Ming Zhou, Lu-Peng Wu, Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreato-Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, China.
authors.forename: Lu-Peng
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Yan-Ming Zhou, Lu-Peng Wu, Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreato-Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, China.
authors.forename: Cheng-Jun
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Sui
authors.affiliation: Yan-Ming Zhou, Lu-Peng Wu, Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreato-Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Mei
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D040941:Heredity; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D016015:Logistic Models; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D018193:Neoplasms, Complex and Mixed / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010375:Pedigree; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Alcohol consumption; Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma; Epidemiology; Hepatitis B virus; Risk factors