title: [Hepatitis E virus: Blood transfusion implications].
abstract: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus transmitted by the fecal-oral route. Autochthonous hepatitis E occurring in developed countries is caused by genotypes 3 and 4 and is a zoonotic infection. Humans are infected mostly after ingestion of undercooked meat from infected animals. Most HEV 3 and 4 infections are clinically inapparent. However, genotype 3 (HEV 3) can lead to chronic hepatitis in immuno-compromised patients such as organ-transplant recipients and patients with haematological malignancies. In Europe, HEV 3 is implicated in transfusion-transmitted HEV infection. In France, as observed in several European countries, prevalence of HEV RNA and specific IgG antibodies are high indicating that viral circulation is important. The systematic HEV NAT screening of blood donations used for preparation of solvent detergent plasma indicate that 1 to 2218 donation is infected by HEV RNA. The need or implementation's impacts of safety measures to prevent HEV transmission by blood transfusion are under reflexion by French's health authorities. The HEV NAT screening is the only available tool of prevention. Alternative strategies are under investigation including individual or mini pool NAT testing all or part of blood donations.
authors.affiliation: Établissement français du sang Alpes Méditerranée, 149, boulevard Baille, 13392 Marseille cedex 5, France; UMR D 190 « Émergence des pathologies virales » (Aix-Marseille University IRD French institute of research for development EHESP French school of public health), Marseille, France. Electronic address: pierre.gallian@efs.sante.fr.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gallian
authors.affiliation: Établissement français du sang Aquitaine-Limousin, Bordeaux 33035, France.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Piquet
authors.affiliation: Établissement français du sang Aquitaine-Limousin, Bordeaux 33035, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Assal
authors.affiliation: Établissement français du sang, La Plaine Saint-Denis 93218, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Djoudi
authors.affiliation: Établissement français du sang Alpes Méditerranée, 149, boulevard Baille, 13392 Marseille cedex 5, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chiaroni
authors.affiliation: Inserm, U1043, centre de physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse 31300, France; Faculté de médecine Toulouse-Purpan, université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse 31300, France; Centre national de référence hépatite E, institut fédératif de biologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse 31300, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Izopet
authors.affiliation: Établissement français du sang, La Plaine Saint-Denis 93218, France; UMR 1098 Inserm - université de Franche-Comté - établissement français du sang, Besançon 25000, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tiberghien
mesh_terms: D001782:Blood Donors; D058731:Blood Safety / Q000592:standards*; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003902:Detergents; D003906:Developing Countries; D046148:Donor Selection; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D005838:Genotype; D014943:Global Health; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D016751:Hepatitis E / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D016752:Hepatitis E virus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood*; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; D010949:Plasma / Q000821:virology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D012306:Risk; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D012997:Solvents; D065227:Transfusion Reaction; D014766:Viremia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission; D038301:Virus Inactivation
chemical_list: D003902:Detergents; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D012367:RNA, Viral; D012997:Solvents
keywords: Blood transfusion; DGV; HEV; NAT; Prevalence; Prévalence; Transfusion sanguine; VHE