title: Toward panoramic in situ mapping of action potential propagation in transgenic hearts to investigate initiation and therapeutic control of arrhythmias.
abstract: To investigate the dynamics and propensity for arrhythmias in intact transgenic hearts comprehensively, optical strategies for panoramic fluorescence imaging of action potential (AP) propagation are essential. In particular, mechanism-oriented molecular studies usually depend on transgenic mouse hearts of only a few millimeters in size. Furthermore, the temporal scales of the mouse heart remain a challenge for panoramic fluorescence imaging with heart rates ranging from 200 min(-1) (e.g., depressed sinus node function) to over 1200 min(-1) during fast arrhythmias. To meet these challenging demands, we and others developed physiologically relevant mouse models and characterized their hearts with planar AP mapping. Here, we summarize the progress toward panoramic fluorescence imaging and its prospects for the mouse heart. In general, several high-resolution cameras are synchronized and geometrically arranged for panoramic voltage mapping and the surface and blood vessel anatomy documented through image segmentation and heart surface reconstruction. We expect that panoramic voltage imaging will lead to novel insights about molecular arrhythmia mechanisms through quantitative strategies and organ-representative analysis of intact mouse hearts.
authors.affiliation: Heart Research Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany ; Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dura
authors.affiliation: Heart Research Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany ; Biomedical Physics, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization Göttingen, Germany ; Institute for Nonlinear Dynamics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schröder-Schetelig
authors.affiliation: Heart Research Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany ; Biomedical Physics, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization Göttingen, Germany ; Institute for Nonlinear Dynamics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Göttingen, Germany ; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen (DZHK-GOE) Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luther
authors.affiliation: Heart Research Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany ; Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany ; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen (DZHK-GOE) Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Lehnart
keywords: heart; optical mapping; panoramic imaging; ventricle; voltage imaging