title: Therapeutic designing for urethral obstruction by virtual urethra and flow dynamics simulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transurethral surgery is widely accepted as standard therapy for male urethral obstruction. The present study was undertaken to identify and select lesions to be managed by processing endoscopic images of the urethra for assisting less invasive therapy in patients with voiding dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cystourethroscopic video files of 25 patients with lower urinary tract symptoms were recorded before and after administration of alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonists. Each video frame was restored and tagged with information indicating the position in the panoramic image of the urethra. A three-dimensional virtual urethra was created to indicate critical lesions for voiding dysfunction, together with fluid dynamics simulation of urine flow.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The urine stream was depicted in the virtual urethras in 19 patients. Before therapy, 17 patients showed vortex formation that was diminished after therapy in nine patients with a significant relationship in improvement of relative energy loss of flow (p=0.025). The narrowing points proximal to the vortex, candidate of lesions, were identified in the panoramic image and linked to the endoscopic image.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therapeutic designing for endoscopic management was possible in patients with voiding dysfunction based on computational fluid dynamics, and would be promising as "focal" therapy for aging males.
authors.affiliation: Division of Artificial Systems Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University , Chiba , Japan.
authors.forename: Takuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naya
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Igarashi
mesh_terms: D058668:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000150:complications; D020728:Transurethral Resection of Prostate / Q000379:methods*; D014524:Urethral Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D058668:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists
keywords: 3D virtual endoscopy; computational fluid dynamics; endoscopy; minimally invasive procedure; voiding dysfunction