title: Mycotoxin contamination of animal feedingstuff: detoxification by gamma-irradiation and reduction of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A concentrations.
abstract: Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites identified in many agricultural products screened for toxigenic moulds. They have been reported to be carcinogenic, teratogenic, tremorogenic, haemorrhagic and dermatitic to a wide range of organisms. With the increasing stringent regulations for mycotoxins imposed by importing countries such as those of the European Union, many cereals that are not safe for human consumption are used in formulations intended for animal feed. Gamma-rays are reported in the scientific literature to destroy ochratoxin A and aflatoxin in food crops and feed. The present study provides preliminary data for establishing the effect of dose of gamma-irradiation, ranging from 0 to 15 kGy, on aflatoxins and ochratoxin A reduction in commercial animal feed. The mycotoxin levels were determined by means of immunoaffinity clean-up (IAC) and HPLC with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). The maximum reductions found at 15 kGy were 23.9%, 18.2%, 11.0%, 21.1% and 13.6% for ochratoxin A, aflatoxin B₁, aflatoxin B₂, aflatoxin G₁ and aflatoxin G₂, respectively. Results showed that the gamma-rays even at 15 kGy were not effective in the complete destruction of ochratoxin A and aflatoxins in the tested feed.
authors.affiliation: a Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF) , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy.
authors.forename: Vita
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Di Stefano
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pitonzo
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cicero
authors.forename: Maria Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: D'Oca
mesh_terms: D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000528:radiation effects*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis* / Q000528:radiation effects; D000818:Animals; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005514:Food Irradiation / Q000379:methods*; D005720:Gamma Rays; D007558:Italy; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011200:Poultry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; D009793:Ochratoxins; C025589:ochratoxin A
keywords: aflatoxins; commercial animal feed; gamma-irradiation; mycotoxin; ochratoxin A