title: Improved absorption and in vivo kinetic characteristics of nanoemulsions containing evodiamine-phospholipid nanocomplex.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess the improved absorption and in vivo kinetic characteristics of a novel water-in-oil nanoemulsion containing evodiamine-phospholipid nanocomplex (NEEPN) when administered orally.
  
  
  METHODS
  NEEPN was fabricated by loading an evodiamine-phospholipid nanocomplex into a water-in-oil nanoemulsive system. The gastrointestinal absorption of NEEPN was investigated using an in situ perfusion method. The modified in vivo kinetic characteristics of evodiamine (EDA) in NEEPN were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with EDA or conventional nanoemulsions containing EDA instead of evodiamine-phospholipid complex, NEEPN with its favorable in vivo kinetic characteristics clearly enhanced the gastrointestinal absorption and oral bioavailability of EDA; for example, the relative bioavailability of NEEPN to free EDA was calculated to be 630.35%, and the effective permeability of NEEPN in the colon was 8.64-fold that of EDA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NEEPN markedly improved the oral bioavailability of EDA, which was probably due to its increased gastrointestinal absorption. NEEPN also increased efficacy and reduced adverse effects for oral delivery of EDA. Such finding demonstrates great clinical significance as an ideal drug delivery system demands high efficacy and no adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: Medicine Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiangbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dilong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qunyou
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Biyue
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Medicine Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jingqing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D004655:Emulsions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013270:Stomach / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D010743:Phospholipids; D011799:Quinazolines; C049639:evodiamine
keywords: evodiamine–phospholipid; gastrointestinal absorption; nanocomplexes; nanoemulsive system; oral bioavailability; water-in-oil