title: Evaluation of dental age and associated developmental anomalies in subjects with impacted mandibular canines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the null hypothesis that there is no difference in the rate of dental development and the occurrence of selected developmental anomalies related to shape, number, structure, and position of teeth between subjects with impacted mandibular canines and those with normally erupted canines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pretreatment records of 42 subjects diagnosed with mandibular canines impaction (impaction group: IG) were compared with those of 84 subjects serving as a control reference sample (control group: CG). Independent t-tests were used to compare mean dental ages between the groups. Intergroup differences in distribution of subjects based on the rate of dental development and occurrence of selected dental anomalies were assessed using χ(2) tests. Odds of late, normal, and early developers and various categories of developmental anomalies between the IG and the CG were evaluated in terms of odds ratios.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean dental age for the IG was lower than that for the CG in general. Specifically, this was true for girls (P < .05). Differences in the distribution of the subjects based on the rate of dental development and occurrence of positional anomalies also reached statistical significance (P < .05). The IG showed a higher frequency of late developers and positional anomalies compared with controls (odds ratios 3.00 and 2.82, respectively; P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The null hypothesis was rejected. We identified close association of female subjects in the IG with retarded dental development compared with the female orthodontic patients. Increased frequency of positional developmental anomalies was also remarkable in the IG.
authors.affiliation: a  Reader, Department of Orthodontics, People's College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal, India.
authors.forename: Shikha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: b  Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Orthodontics, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, India.
authors.forename: K Sadashiva
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Shetty
authors.affiliation: c  Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kalka Dental College and Hospital, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Shweta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: d  Reader, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Institute of Dental Studies & Technologies, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Sachin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: b  Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Orthodontics, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, India.
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.affiliation: e  Reader, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Purvanchal Institute of Dental Sciences, Gorakhpur, India.
authors.forename: Mamta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Agrawal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000366:Age Determination by Teeth / Q000379:methods*; D000848:Anodontia / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003481:Cuspid / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000503:physiopathology; D009805:Odontogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic / Q000379:methods; D014071:Tooth Abnormalities / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014078:Tooth Eruption / Q000502:physiology; D014079:Tooth Eruption, Ectopic / Q000503:physiopathology; D014095:Tooth, Impacted / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014096:Tooth, Supernumerary / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Agenesis; Dental age; Developmental anomalies; Genetic; Impaction; Interception