title: Zinc and smoking habits in the setting of hypertension in a Spanish populations.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between trace and toxic amounts of zinc (Zn) in biological samples (blood and urine) and the smoking habits of hypertensive patients and healthy control subjects in Valladolid (Spain). In order to compare biological samples, the concentrations of these samples were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The limits of detection for Zn in blood plasma ranged between 4.22 and 17.34 μmol l(-1) and were <0.08 μmol g(-1) creatinine in urine. The results of this study indicate that the highest mean values of serum Zn were found in non-hypertensive nonsmokers (13.39±4.35 μmol l(-1)), whereas the highest urine Zn values were observed in hypertensive nonsmokers (2.78±2.13 μmol l(-1)). Higher Zn serum/urine quotient levels were observed in non-hypertensive and nonsmoking women, whereas lower levels were noted in non-hypertensive and smoking women (P=0.012). This study identified a correlation between Zn serum/urine quotients and cotinine levels (a marker of smoking), a correlation that suggests that smoking lowers the Zn serum/urine quotient, which was lower in hypertensive subjects than in control subjects.
authors.affiliation: 1] Unidad de Salud Pública y Sanidad Ambiental, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain [2] CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain [3] Centro Superior de Investigaciones en Salud Pública (CSISP-FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: María Morales
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Suarez-Varela
authors.affiliation: 1] Unidad de Salud Pública y Sanidad Ambiental, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain [2] CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain [3] Centro Superior de Investigaciones en Salud Pública (CSISP-FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Agustín
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Llopis-González
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Genotipado y Diagnóstico Genético, Fundación Investigación Clínico de Valencia-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: González Albert
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Rio Hortega, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: López-Izquierdo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Rio Hortega, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: González-Manzano
authors.affiliation: 1] Unidad de Genotipado y Diagnóstico Genético, Fundación Investigación Clínico de Valencia-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain [2] CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociados (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cháves
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Salud Pública y Sanidad Ambiental, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Vicente Huerta
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Biosca
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Rio Hortega, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Martin-Escudero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000378:metabolism*; D013030:Spain; D055815:Young Adult; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D015032:Zinc