title: [Protective effect and action mechanism of petroleum ether extracts from Saussurea involucrate on brain tissues of hypoxia rats].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the protective effect and action mechanism of petroleum ether extracts from Saussurea involucrate on brain tissues of hypoxia rats under constant pressure and closed conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The PESI dosage-dependent experiment for hypoxia rats was conducted under constant pressure and closed conditions by intraperitoneally injecting 125, 250, 500 mg x kg(-1) to finalize that the optimum dosage is the high dose of PESI. Afterwards, 90 Wistar rats were randomly divided into the hypoxic model group, the acetazolamide 250 mg x kg(-1) group and the PESI high dose group. Each group was further divided into three subgroups according to different hypoxia times, with 10 rats in each subgroup. Under the same hypoxia and administration conditions, the rats were sacrificed after 0, 3, 6 h respectively. Their brain samples were collected for common pathological observation and immunohistochemical staining of HIF-1alpha. Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect HIF-1alpha, EPO, HO-1 and Caspase-3 gene expressions. And the Western blot assay was adopted to detect HIF-1alpha protein expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The brain tissues of the hypoxia model group were severely damaged with the increase in the hypoxia time. The acetazolamide group and the PESI high does group were damaged in a much lower degree. According to the gene expression and the Western blot assay, high dose of PESI could inhibit HIF-1alpha expression. According to the pure gene expression test, high dose of PESI could increase EPO and HO-1 mRNA expressions, but inhibit Caspase-3 mRNA expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PESI's protective mechanism for brain tissues of hypoxia rats under constant pressure and closed conditions may be related to its effects in inhibiting HIF-1alpha expression, increasing EPO expression and resisting cell apoptosis.
authors.forename: Hui-Ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Jin-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Rong-Min
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Peng-Cheng
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Lin-Lin
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.forename: Zheng-Ping
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Jia
mesh_terms: D000473:Alkanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000235:genetics; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000187:drug effects; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000235:genetics; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000235:genetics; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D030441:Saussurea / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000473:Alkanes; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; C497444:Hif1a protein, rat; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D004921:Erythropoietin; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D053148:Caspase 3; C004544:naphtha