title: Inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma prevents the melanogenesis in murine B16/F10 melanoma cells.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate if PPARγ plays a role in the melanogenesis. B16/F10 cells were divided into five groups: control, melanin stimulating hormone (α-MSH), α-MSH+retinol, α-MSH+GW9662 (PPARγ antagonist), and GW9662. Cells in the control group were cultured in the Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) for 48 hrs. To initiate the melanogenesis, cells in all α-MSH groups were cultured in medium containing α-MSH (10 nM) for 48 hrs. Cells were treated simultaneously with retinol (5 μM) in the α-MSH+retinol group. Instead of retinol, GW9662 (10 μM) was cocultured in the α-MSH+GW9662 group. Cells in the final group were cultured in the DMEM with GW9662. All the analyses were carried out 48 hours after treatments. The α-MSH was able to increase cell number, melanin production, and the activity of tyrosinase, the limiting enzyme in melanogenesis. These α-MSH-induced changes were prevented either by retinol or by GW9662. Further analyses of the activities of antioxidant enzymes including glutathione, catalase, and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed that α-MSH treatment raised the activity of SOD which was dependent on PPARγ level. According to our results, the α-MSH-induced melanogenesis was PPARγ dependent, which also modulated the expression of SOD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Technology, Nursing and Wellbeing, Yuanpei University, No. 306 Yuan-Pei Street, Hsinchu 30015, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jiun-Han
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0957-6001
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 32551, Taiwan ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Health, Ming Chuan University, No. 5 De-Ming Road, Gui Shan District, Taoyuan County, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Junn-Liang
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Health, Ming Chuan University, No. 5 De-Ming Road, Gui Shan District, Taoyuan County, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pei-Ru
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3271-0464
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Health, Ming Chuan University, No. 5 De-Ming Road, Gui Shan District, Taoyuan County, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yun-Ju
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4922-6946
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Health, Ming Chuan University, No. 5 De-Ming Road, Gui Shan District, Taoyuan County, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Tsang
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, School of Health, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shwu-Fen
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tzer-Bin
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, No. 45 Cheng Hsin Street, Pai Tou, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kang-Hua
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Health, Ming Chuan University, No. 5 De-Ming Road, Gui Shan District, Taoyuan County, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mei-Jung
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7609-7986
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000813:Anilides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D008543:Melanins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008545:Melanoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000521:alpha-MSH / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: C457499:2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide; D000813:Anilides; D008543:Melanins; D047495:PPAR gamma; D000521:alpha-MSH