title: Comparative in vitro study on magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI tracking of adipose tissue-derived progenitor cells.
abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using measurement of the transverse relaxation time (R2*) is to be considered as a promising approach for cell tracking experiments to evaluate the fate of transplanted progenitor cells and develop successful cell therapies for tissue engineering. While the relationship between core composition of nanoparticles and their MRI properties is well studied, little is known about possible effects on progenitor cells. This in vitro study aims at comparing two magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle types, single vs. multi-core nanoparticles, regarding their physico-chemical characteristics, effects on cellular behavior of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASC) like differentiation and proliferation as well as their detection and quantification by means of MRI. Quantification of both nanoparticle types revealed a linear correlation between labeling concentration and R2* values. However, according to core composition, different levels of labeling concentrations were needed to achieve comparable R2* values. Cell viability was not altered for all labeling concentrations, whereas the proliferation rate increased with increasing labeling concentrations. Likewise, deposition of lipid droplets as well as matrix calcification revealed to be highly dose-dependent particularly regarding multi-core nanoparticle-labeled cells. Synthesis of cartilage matrix proteins and mRNA expression of collagen type II was also highly dependent on nanoparticle labeling. In general, the differentiation potential was decreased with increasing labeling concentrations. This in vitro study provides the proof of principle for further in vivo tracking experiments of progenitor cells using nanoparticles with different core compositions but also provides striking evidence that combined testing of biological and MRI properties is advisable as improved MRI properties of multi-core nanoparticles may result in altered cell functions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Facial Plastic Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kasten
authors.affiliation: Micromod Partikeltechnologie GmbH, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Cordula
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grüttner
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Greifswald University Medical Center, Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Jens-Peter
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kühn
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bader
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Juliane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pasold
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Facial Plastic Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Frerich
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D005260:Female; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008280:Magnetics; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; C000499:ferric oxide