title: Hemodynamic and EEG Time-Courses During Unilateral Hand Movement in Patients with Cortical Myoclonus. An EEG-fMRI and EEG-TD-fNIRS Study.
abstract: Multimodal human brain mapping has been proposed as an integrated approach capable of improving the recognition of the cortical correlates of specific neurological functions. We used simultaneous EEG-fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) and EEG-TD-fNIRS (time domain functional near-infrared spectroscopy) recordings to compare different hemodynamic methods with changes in EEG in ten patients with progressive myoclonic epilepsy and 12 healthy controls. We evaluated O2Hb, HHb and Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) changes and event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) in the α and β bands of all of the subjects while they performed a simple motor task. The general linear model was used to obtain comparable fMRI and TD-fNIRS activation maps. We also analyzed cortical thickness in order to evaluate any structural changes. In the patients, the TD-NIRS and fMRI data significantly correlated and showed a significant lessening of the increase in O2Hb and the decrease in BOLD. The post-movement β rebound was minimal or absent in patients. Cortical thickness was moderately reduced in the motor area of the patients and correlated with the reduction in the hemodynamic signals. The fMRI and TD-NIRS results were consistent, significantly correlated and showed smaller hemodynamic changes in the patients. This finding may be partially attributable to mild cortical thickening. However, cortical hyperexcitability, which is known to generate myoclonic jerks and probably accounts for the lack of EEG β-ERS, did not reflect any increased energy requirement. We hypothesize that this is due to a loss of inhibitory neuronal components that typically fire at high frequencies.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Neurofisiologia ed Epilettologia Diagnostica, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy. visani.e@istituto-besta.it.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Visani
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Neurofisiologia ed Epilettologia Diagnostica, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Canafoglia
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Neurofisiologia ed Epilettologia Diagnostica, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gilioli
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Neurofisiologia ed Epilettologia Diagnostica, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: D Rossi
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Sebastiano
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Neuroradiologia, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Contarino
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Neurofisiologia ed Epilettologia Diagnostica, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Duran
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Neurofisiologia ed Epilettologia Diagnostica, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Panzica
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cubeddu
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Contini
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zucchelli
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spinelli
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Via Golgi 39, 20133, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caffini
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Via Golgi 39, 20133, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Molteni
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Via Golgi 39, 20133, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Via Golgi 39, 20133, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cerutti
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Neurofisiologia ed Epilettologia Diagnostica, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Franceschetti
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torricelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D066276:Corticomedial Nuclear Complex / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006225:Hand / Q000294:innervation*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: EEG-fMRI; Multimodal mapping; Myoclonus; Time domain fNIRS