title: Holes and channels between the ventricles revisited.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although holes, or channels, between the ventricles are the commonest congenital cardiac malformations, there is still no consensus as to how they can best be described and categorised. So as to assess whether it is possible to produce a potentially universally acceptable system, we have analysed the hearts categorised as having ventricular septal defects in a large archive held at Birmingham Children's Hospital. Materials and methods We analysed all the hearts categorised as having isolated ventricular septal defects, or those associated with aortic coarctation or interruption in the setting of concordant ventriculo-arterial connections, in the archive of autopsied hearts held at Birmingham Children's Hospital, United Kingdom.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found 147 hearts within the archive fulfilling our criterions for inclusion. All could be classified within one of three groups depending on their borders as seen from the right ventricle. To provide full description, however, it was also necessary to take account of the way the defects opened to the right ventricle, and the presence or absence of alignment between the septal components.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By combining information on the phenotypic specificity defined on the basis of their borders, the direction of opening into the right ventricle, and the presence or absence of septal malalignment, it proved possible to categorise all hearts examined within the archive of Birmingham Children's Hospital. Our findings have necessitated creation of new numbers within the European Paediatric Cardiac Code.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Paediatric Cardiac Surgery,Birmingham Children's Hospital,Birmingham,United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crucean
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Paediatric Cardiac Surgery,Birmingham Children's Hospital,Birmingham,United Kingdom.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Brawn
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Pediatric Cardiology,University of Florida,Gainesville,Florida;and Congenital Heart Institute of Florida,St Petersburg,Florida,United States of America.
authors.forename: Diane E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Spicer
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Paediatric Cardiology,Royal Brompton Hospital,London,United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Rodney C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Franklin
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Paediatric Cardiac Surgery,Birmingham Children's Hospital,Birmingham,United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D001344:Autopsy; D059019:Clinical Coding; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000145:classification* / Q000150:complications*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000473:pathology*; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D006113:United Kingdom
keywords: Classification; Inlet defect; Interventricular shunting; Septal malalignment; Ventricular septal defect