title: Association of Toll-like receptor polymorphisms with HIV status in North Americans.
abstract: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Toll-like receptor (TLR) genes TLR2-4 and TLR7-9, but not in TLR1 and TLR6, have been previously evaluated regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition and disease progression in various populations, most of which were European. In this study, we examined associations between a total of 41 SNPs in 8 TLR genes (TLR1-4, TLR6-9) and HIV status in North American subjects (total n=276 (Caucasian, n=102; African American, n=150; other, n=24)). Stratification of the data by self-identified race revealed that a total of nine SNPs in TLR1, TLR4, TLR6 and TLR8 in Caucasians, and two other SNPs, one each in TLR4 and TLR8, in African Americans were significantly associated with HIV status at P<0.05. Concordant with the odds ratios of these SNPs, significant differences were observed in the SNP allele frequencies between HIV+ and HIV- subjects. Finally, in Caucasians, certain haplotypes of single (TLR1 and TLR4) and heterodimer (TLR2_TLR6) genes may be inferred as 'susceptible' or 'protective'. Our study provides in-depth insight into the associations between TLR variants, particularly TLR1 and TLR6, and HIV status in North Americans, and suggests that these associations may be race specific.
authors.affiliation: Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Willie
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA [2] Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.identifier: 0000000297635023
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Jurevic
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weinberg
authors.affiliation: Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Mehlotra
authors.affiliation: Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000235:genetics; D000483:Alleles; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012044:Regression Analysis; D051194:Toll-Like Receptor 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics*; D051216:Toll-Like Receptor 6 / Q000235:genetics*; D051200:Toll-Like Receptor 8 / Q000235:genetics*; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D051194:Toll-Like Receptor 1; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051216:Toll-Like Receptor 6; D051200:Toll-Like Receptor 8