title: Characterization of ductal carcinoma in situ cell lines established from breast tumor of a Singapore Chinese patient.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Five cell lines were established from a Singaporean patient of Chinese origin with breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). These five cell lines express exogenous human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) which confers the ability to proliferate indefinitely.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cells were isolated from the DCIS excision and transfected with a plasmid expressing hTERT, a catalytic subunit of telomerase. Five immortalized colonies were propagated and characterized by karyotyping, array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), immunostaining and Western blots for biomarkers, in vitro anchorage independent growth, in vivo mouse tumorigenicity, drug sensitivity, species authentication and virology safety testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Array CGH analysis showed that the cell lines harbored different specific genetic aberrations. Common mutations observed in most breast cancer cell lines such as the general loss of heterozygosity (LOH) throughout chromosome X and chromosome 17 are also observed in our cell lines. The cell lines were further characterized as human breast cells that are estrogen- and progesterone-receptor positive, and sensitive to tamoxifen. The cell lines showed anchorage-independent growth in the soft agar assay and can grow in common culture medium without supplementation with growth factor, therefore demonstrating transformed characteristics. Four of the cell lines can engraft and form measureable tumors after 50 days when injected subcutaneously into immune-deficient (SCID) mice. The weak tumorigenicity of these cell lines corresponded well with their non-malignant growth origin. The cell lines were authenticated to be of human origin based on DNA fingerprint of the cells. The cell lines were free from contamination of 20 viruses and mycoplasma in the virological safety test panel.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unlike most available breast cell lines, our cell lines are derived from primary breast cancer tissues that represent earlier grades or tumor progression stages. They would be useful as study models for basic and clinical research programs directed at early diagnosis and intervention.
authors.affiliation: Cell-Based Assay Development Group, Experimental Therapeutics Centre, Agency for Science Technology and Research, 31 Biopolis Way, #03-01 Nanos Building, Singapore, 138669 Singapore.
authors.forename: Jacklyn Wy
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Yong
authors.affiliation: Cell-Based Assay Development Group, Experimental Therapeutics Centre, Agency for Science Technology and Research, 31 Biopolis Way, #03-01 Nanos Building, Singapore, 138669 Singapore.
authors.forename: Meng Ling
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Choong
authors.affiliation: Cell-Based Assay Development Group, Experimental Therapeutics Centre, Agency for Science Technology and Research, 31 Biopolis Way, #03-01 Nanos Building, Singapore, 138669 Singapore.
authors.forename: SiFang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Cell-Based Assay Development Group, Experimental Therapeutics Centre, Agency for Science Technology and Research, 31 Biopolis Way, #03-01 Nanos Building, Singapore, 138669 Singapore.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Cell-Based Assay Development Group, Experimental Therapeutics Centre, Agency for Science Technology and Research, 31 Biopolis Way, #03-01 Nanos Building, Singapore, 138669 Singapore.
authors.forename: Shermaine Qy
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Cell-Based Assay Development Group, Experimental Therapeutics Centre, Agency for Science Technology and Research, 31 Biopolis Way, #03-01 Nanos Building, Singapore, 138669 Singapore.
authors.forename: May Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: Breast cancer; Cell line; Chinese; Ductal carcinoma in situ; Estrogen; Immortalization; Progesterone; Telomerase; Tumorigenicity