title: Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Ruta chalepensis L. extracts on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.
abstract: Ruta chalepensis L. is used in the traditional herbal treatment of various diseases. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of different extracts of R. chalepensis L. on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expressions and their antioxidant capacity on murine RAW 264.7 macrophage challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In fact, this study shows that the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of R. chalepensis L. considerably decreased the nitric oxide (NO) production in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Thus, the treatment with both extracts significantly suppressed the levels of iNOS and COX-2 gene expressions through the inhibition of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation. The preincubation of RAW 264.7 cells with various concentrations of ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts decreased the production of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in a dose-dependent manner. It also increased the activities of antioxidative enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in LPS-stimulated macrophages, compared to those in the cells treated only with LPS. Besides, the (1)H NMR spectra of both extracts have demonstrated the presence of aromatic signals, thus confirming the existence of phenolic compounds such as flavonoids and polyphenols. So, the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of R. chalepensis L. have been shown to possess enough antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities to prevent LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Life Sciences Department, Sfax Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, BP1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia, mohamedkacem2008@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kacem
authors.forename: Gaëlle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leschiera
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Misery
authors.forename: Abdelfattah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: ElFeki
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lebonvallet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line / Q000187:drug effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D032105:Ruta / Q000737:chemistry*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase