title: The control of emerging haloacetamide DBP precursors with UV/persulfate treatment.
abstract: Haloacetamides (HAcAms), an emerging class of nitrogen-containing disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs) of health concern in drinking water, have been reported to occur in treated drinking waters at low μg/L levels typically. The objective of this study was to examine the potential of an ultraviolet light/persulfate (UV/PS) oxidation technology to reduce the precursors of HAcAms and also minimize the formation of other N-DBPs upon subsequent chlorination. Low-pressure UV photolysis alone and PS pre-oxidation alone did not significantly affect HAcAm formation, however UV/PS pre-oxidation achieved a statistically significant reduction in HAcAm formation and also reduced bromine incorporation into the HAcAms. UV/PS also showed a good performance in removing the precursors of haloacetonitriles and halonitromethanes prior to chlorination. Therefore, UV/PS has the potential to minimize the formation of a range of N-DBPs in organic nitrogen-rich waters where N-DBP precursors are prevalent. However, these benefits should be weighed against the potential drawbacks of increased bromate and sulfate formation, particularly in high-bromide waters.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China. Electronic address: feedwater@126.com.
authors.forename: Wenhai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China. Electronic address: feedwater@126.com.
authors.forename: Naiyun
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Templeton
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Chaoqun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Yuqiong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000737:chemistry*; D004203:Disinfection; D054879:Halogenation; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D010782:Photolysis; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry*; D013456:Sulfur Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D060753:Water Quality
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D013431:Sulfates; D013456:Sulfur Acids; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Disinfection byproducts; Drinking water treatment; Haloacetamides; Persulfate; Ultraviolet light