title: Association of body mass index with lifestyle and rotating shift work in Japanese female nurses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Higher body mass index (BMI) values have been reported in rotating shift workers compared with regular daytime workers. This study examines the relationship between work schedule and BMI, and considers whether lifestyle habits could explain the relationship.
  
  
  METHODS
  Japanese female nurses (1179 day workers and 1579 rotating shift workers, aged 20-59) were studied using self-administered questionnaires. The questionnaires assessed height, weight, and dietary intake, physical activity, and sleep (lifestyle) habits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The BMI of shift workers was significantly higher than that of day workers. Shift workers consumed significantly higher amounts of sugar-sweetened beverages and slept for significantly shorter durations on nights between days on the day shift compared with day workers-factors which were also independently associated with higher BMI. In addition, multivariable linear regression coefficients for BMI showed a significant correlation with rotating shift work (β = 0.051), after controlling for lifestyle habits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and shorter sleep duration were associated with rotating shift work and higher BMI. This should be taken into consideration in preventing obesity in real-life shift work situations. Other shift work-related factors, such as abnormal timing of meals and/or sleep, should also be identified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: Yukari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshizaki
authors.forename: Ayaka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sunami
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Harumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Azumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hida
authors.forename: Taiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: Fumiharu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Togo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008019:Life Style; D016014:Linear Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009726:Nurses; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*