title: Polymorphisms of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus and their association with heat-resistance.
abstract: Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) functions as a molecular chaperone and plays an important role in the resistance of organisms to stress, particularly heat-stress. In our study, 12 exons and 11 introns of hsp90 were identified in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Twenty-two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including three non-synonymous mutations, were detected in the exons. Susceptible and resistant individuals were distinguished using a high-temperature (32 °C) challenge experiment. Three blocks with high linkage disequilibrium were detected among these SNPs. Five of the twenty-two SNPs were shown to be significantly associated with susceptibility/resistance to high temperature by correlation analysis (chi-square test, P < 0.05). To confirm the importance of these five SNPs, a heat-resistance strain (HRS) was selected through three generations. Using the common population as the control group, it was shown that the distributions of genotypes and alleles of SNP e10-1 and e11-6 were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). SNP e10-1 was trimorphic, with three alleles (A, C and T) and five genotypes (AA, CC, AT, CT and AC). The allele frequency of SNP e2-3 was also significantly associated with this trait (P < 0.05). This is the first demonstration of SNPs related to heat-resistance in A. japonicus and supports the use of SNP markers in the selective breeding of sea cucumbers.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Dongxue
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, PR China.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, PR China.
authors.forename: Shilin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, PR China.
authors.forename: Libin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, PR China. Electronic address: hshyang@ms.qdio.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Hongsheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000220:Adaptation, Biological / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D040461:Gene Components; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D047528:Stichopus / Q000235:genetics*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins
keywords: Apostichopus japonicus; Association analysis; Heat shock protein 90; Heat-resistance; SNPs