title: Estimations of temperature deviations in chromatographic columns using isenthalpic plots. I. Theory for isocratic systems.
abstract: We propose to use constant enthalpy or isenthalpic diagrams as a tool to estimate the extent of the temperature variations caused by the mobile phase pressure drop along a chromatographic column, e.g. of its cooling in supercritical fluid and its heating in ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Temperature strongly affects chromatographic phenomena. Any of its variations inside the column, whether intended or not, can lead to significant changes in separation performance. Although instruments use column ovens in order to keep constant the column temperature, operating conditions leading to a high pressure drop may cause significant variations of the column temperature, both in the axial and the radial directions, from the set value. Different ways of measuring these temperature variations are available but they are too inconvenient to be employed in many practical situations. In contrast, the thermodynamic plot-based method that we describe here can easily be used with only a ruler and a pencil. They should be helpful in developing methods or in analyzing results in analytical laboratories. Although the most effective application area for this approach should be SFC (supercritical fluid chromatography), it can be applied to any chromatographic conditions in which temperature variations take place along the column due to the pressure drop, e.g. in ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The method proposed here is applicable to isocractic conditions only.
authors.affiliation: Waters Corporation, Milford, MA 01757, USA. Electronic address: abhijit_tarafder@waters.com.
authors.forename: Abhijit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tarafder
authors.affiliation: Waters Corporation, Milford, MA 01757, USA.
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Iraneta
authors.affiliation: University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guiochon
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaczmarski
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.
authors.forename: Donald P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Poe
mesh_terms: D002845:Chromatography; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D025924:Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011312:Pressure; D013696:Temperature; D013816:Thermodynamics
keywords: Pressure drop; Radial; SFC; Temperature variation; Thermal gradient; UHPLC