title: Are there racial-ethnic disparities in time to pressure ulcer development and pressure ulcer treatment in older adults after nursing home admission?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to assess whether there are racial and ethnic disparities in the time to development of a pressure ulcer and number of pressure ulcer treatments in individuals aged 65 and older after nursing home admission.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multi-level predictors of time to a pressure ulcer from three national surveys were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression for White Non-Hispanic residents. Using the Peters-Belson method to assess for disparities, estimates from the regression models were applied to American Indians/Alaskan Natives, Asians/Pacific Islanders, Blacks, and Hispanics separately resulting in estimates of expected outcomes as if they were White Non-Hispanic, and were then compared with their observed outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More Blacks developed pressure ulcers sooner than expected. No disparities in time to a pressure ulcer disadvantaging other racial/ethnic groups were found. There were no disparities in pressure ulcer treatment for any group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reducing disparities in pressure ulcer development offers a strategy to improve the quality of nursing home care.
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA bliss@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Donna Z
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Bliss
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gurvich
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
authors.forename: Kay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Savik
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
authors.forename: Lynn E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Eberly
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harms
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
authors.forename: Jean F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wyman
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garrard
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Virnig
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000208:ethnology*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006707:Homes for the Aged / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D044468:Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: health disparity; nursing home; pressure ulcer