title: Effect of Calendula officinalis cream on achilles tendon healing.
abstract: In recent years, the scientific community has undertaken research on plant extracts, searching for compounds with pharmacological activities that can be used in diverse fields of medicine. Calendula officinalis L. is known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and wound healing properties when used to treat skin burns. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of C. officinalis on the initial phase of Achilles tendon healing. Wistar rats were separated in three groups: Calendula (Cal)-rats with a transected tendon were treated with topical applications of C. officinalis cream and then euthanized 7 days after injury; Control (C)-rats were treated with only vehicle after transection; and Normal (N)-rats without tenotomy. Higher concentrations of hydroxyproline (an indicator of total collagen) and non-collagenous proteins were observed in the Cal group in relation to the C group. Zymography showed no difference in the amount of the isoforms of metalloproteinase-2 and of metalloproteinase-9, between C and Cal groups. Polarization microscopy images analysis showed that the Cal group presented a slightly higher birefringence compared with the C group. In sections of tendons stained with toluidine blue, the transected groups presented higher metachromasy as compared with the N group. Immunocytochemistry analysis for chondroitin-6-sulfate showed no difference between the C and Cal groups. In conclusion, the topical application of C. officinalis after tendon transection increases the concentrations of collagen and non-collagenous proteins, as well as the collagen organization in the initial phase of healing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Aro
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: M A M
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Esquisatto
authors.forename: R A F
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Pimentel
mesh_terms: D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D020838:Calendula; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D063465:Skin Cream / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Calendula officinalis; hydroxyproline; metalloproteinase; non-collagenous proteins; tendon repair