title: Anti-inflammatory effect of 3-O-[(6'-O-palmitoyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl sitosterol] from Agave angustifolia on ear edema in mice.
abstract: In Mexico Agave angustifolia has traditionally been used to treat inflammation. The aim of this study was to measure the anti-inflammatory effect of the extract of A. angustifolia, the isolation and identification of active compounds. From the acetone extract two active fractions were obtained, (AsF13 and AaF16). For the characterization of pharmacological activity, the acute inflammatory model of mouse ear edema induced with TPA was used. The tissue exposed to TPA and treatments were subjected to two analysis, cytokine quantification (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α) and histopathological evaluation. The active fraction (AaF16) consisted principally of 3-O-[(6'-O-palmitoyl)-β-D-glucopyranpsyl] sitosterol. In AaF13 fraction was identified β-sitosteryl glucoside (2) and stigmasterol (3). The three treatments tested showed a concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory effect (AaAc Emax = 33.10%, EC50 = 0.126 mg/ear; AaF13 Emax = 54.22%, EC50 = 0.0524 mg/ear; AaF16 Emax = 61.01%, EC50 = 0.050 mg/ear). The application of TPA caused a significant increase on level of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα compared with basal condition, which was countered by any of the experimental treatments. Moreover, the experimental treatments induced a significant increase in the levels of IL-4 and IL-10, compared to the level observed when stimulated with TPA. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory effect of Agave angustifolia, is associated with the presence of 3-O-[(6'-O-palmitoyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl] sitosterol.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina No. 1, Xochitepec, Morelos CP 62790, Mexico. eli_valle_7@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hernández-Valle
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina No. 1, Xochitepec, Morelos CP 62790, Mexico. cibis_herj@yahoo.com.mx.
authors.forename: Maribel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herrera-Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Leñeros s/n. Col. Volcanes, Cuernavaca, Morelos CP 62350, Mexico. gabyrosas62@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Gabriela Rosas
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Salgado
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina No. 1, Xochitepec, Morelos CP 62790, Mexico. azamilpa_2000@yahoo.com.mx.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zamilpa
authors.affiliation: Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Km 6 carr. Yautepec-Jojutla, calle Ceprobi No. 6 col. San Isidro, Yautepec, Morelos CP 62731, Mexico. arenasocampoml@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Martha Lucia Arenas
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ocampo
authors.affiliation: Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Km 6 carr. Yautepec-Jojutla, calle Ceprobi No. 6 col. San Isidro, Yautepec, Morelos CP 62731, Mexico. aaparici@ipn.mx.
authors.forename: Antonio Jiménez
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Aparicio
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina No. 1, Xochitepec, Morelos CP 62790, Mexico. jtortora2@yahoo.es.
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tortoriello
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina No. 1, Xochitepec, Morelos CP 62790, Mexico. enriqueferrer_mx@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Ferrer
mesh_terms: D027882:Agave / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004423:Ear / Q000473:pathology*; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012855:Sitosterols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012855:Sitosterols; C025473:gamma-sitosterol