title: Emerging anticancer potentials of goniothalamin and its molecular mechanisms.
abstract: The treatment of most cancers is still inadequate, despite tremendous steady progress in drug discovery and effective prevention. Nature is an attractive source of new therapeutics. Several medicinal plants and their biomarkers have been widely used for the treatment of cancer with less known scientific basis of their functioning. Although a wide array of plant derived active metabolites play a role in the prevention and treatment of cancer, more extensive scientific evaluation of their mechanisms is still required. Styryl-lactones are a group of secondary metabolites ubiquitous in the genus Goniothalamus that have demonstrated to possess antiproliferative activity against cancer cells. A large body of evidence suggests that this activity is associated with the induction of apoptosis in target cells. In an effort to promote further research on the genus Goniothalamus, this review offers a broad analysis of the current knowledge on Goniothalamin (GTN) or 5, 6, dihydro-6-styryl-2-pyronone (C13H12O2), a natural occurring styryl-lactone. Therefore, it includes (i) the source of GTN and other metabolites; (ii) isolation, purification, and (iii) the molecular mechanisms of actions of GTN, especially the anticancer properties, and summarizes the role of GTN which is crucial for drug design, development, and application in future for well-being of humans.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kualalumpur, Malaysia ; School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman University, Seethakathi Estate, Vandalur, Chennai 600048, India.
authors.forename: Mohamed Ali
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4469-1221
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Seyed
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kualalumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9185-755X
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jantan
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kualalumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Syed Nasir Abbas
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Bukhari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D054335:Goniothalamus / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011753:Pyrones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011753:Pyrones; C103280:goniothalamin