title: Biological permeable reactive barriers coupled with electrokinetic soil flushing for the treatment of diesel-polluted clay soil.
abstract: Removal of diesel from spiked kaolin has been studied in the laboratory using coupled electrokinetic soil flushing (EKSF) and bioremediation through an innovative biological permeable reactive barriers (Bio-PRBs) positioned between electrode wells. The results show that this technology is efficient in the removal of pollutants and allows the soil to maintain the appropriate conditions for microorganism growth in terms of pH, temperature, and nutrients. At the same time, EKSF was demonstrated to be a very interesting technology for transporting pollutants, microorganisms and nutrients, although results indicate that careful management is necessary to avoid the depletion of nutrients, which are effectively transported by electro-migration. After two weeks of operation, 30% of pollutants are removed and energy consumption is under 70 kWh m(-3). Main fluxes (electroosmosis and evaporation) and changes in the most relevant parameters (nutrients, diesel, microorganisms, surfactants, moisture conductivity and pH) during treatment and in a complete post-study analysis are studied to give a comprehensive description of the most relevant processes occurring in the soil (pollutant transport and biodegradation).
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies & Research Institute for Chemical and Environmental Technology (ITQUIMA), Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: Esperanza
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mena
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies & Research Institute for Chemical and Environmental Technology (ITQUIMA), Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies & Research Institute for Chemical and Environmental Technology (ITQUIMA), Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Villaseñor
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies & Research Institute for Chemical and Environmental Technology (ITQUIMA), Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain. Electronic address: Manuel.Rodrigo@uclm.es.
authors.forename: Manuel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rodrigo
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies & Research Institute for Chemical and Environmental Technology (ITQUIMA), Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cañizares
mesh_terms: D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D000077215:Clay; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D005742:Gasoline / Q000032:analysis*; D059392:Petroleum Pollution; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D005742:Gasoline; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D000077215:Clay
keywords: Biobarriers; Bioremediation; Electrokinetic soil flushing; Permeable reactive barriers