title: Perceived cognitive decline in multiple sclerosis impacts quality of life independently of depression.
abstract: Background/Aim. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of perceived cognitive dysfunction and of depression, on self-reported QoL, in a Greek population sample of MS patients. Methods. One hundred outpatients diagnosed with MS completed the Short-Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36), as well as the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire (PDQ) and the Depression subscale of the Mental Health Inventory (MHI), as part of a clinical evaluation which included the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) estimation. Multiple linear regression was conducted to determine the best linear combination of age, gender, education, EDSS, depression, attention/concentration, retrospective memory, prospective memory, and planning/organization, for predicting QoL scores. Results. In the multivariate regression analysis models, EDSS (P < 0.05), depression (P < 0.001), perceived planning/organization (P < 0.05), and perceived retrospective memory dysfunction (P < 0.05) independently predict quality of life scores. Age, sex, education level, and perceived attention/concentration dysfunction, as well as perceived prospective memory dysfunction, do not independently predict quality of life scores. Conclusions. Perceived planning/organization impairment and perceived retrospective memory impairment in MS patients predict QoL independently of the severity of disease and the severity of depression and therefore should be considered in the assessment of patient health status as well as in the design of treatment interventions and rehabilitation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, General Hospital of the Greek Red Cross "Korgialeneio-Benakeio", Athens, Greece ; Department of Psychiatry, Athalassa Mental Health Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus ; St. George's University of London Medical School, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Lampros
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Samartzis
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, General Hospital of the Greek Red Cross "Korgialeneio-Benakeio", Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Efthymia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gavala
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, St. Bartholomew's Royal London and Broomfield Hospitals, London, UK.
authors.forename: Yiannis
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zoukos
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, General Hospital of the Greek Red Cross "Korgialeneio-Benakeio", Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Achilleas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aspiotis
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, General Hospital of the Greek Red Cross "Korgialeneio-Benakeio", Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thomaides