title: Replication of type 5 adenovirus promotes middle ear infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae in the chinchilla model of otitis media.
abstract: Adenoviral infection is a major risk factor for otitis media. We hypothesized that adenovirus promotes bacterial ascension into the middle ear through the disruption of normal function in the Eustachian tubes due to inflammation-induced changes. An intranasal infection model of the chinchilla was used to test the ability of type 5 adenovirus to promote middle ear infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae. The hyperinflammatory adenovirus mutant dl327 and the nonreplicating adenovirus mutant H5wt300ΔpTP were used to test the role of inflammation and viral replication, respectively, in promotion of pneumococcal middle ear infection. Precedent infection with adenovirus resulted in a significantly greater incidence of middle ear disease by S. pneumoniae as compared to nonadenovirus infected animals. Infection with the adenovirus mutant dl327 induced a comparable degree of bacterial ascension into the middle ear as did infection with the wild-type virus. By contrast, infection with the nonreplicating adenovirus mutant H5wt300ΔpTP resulted in less extensive middle ear infection compared to the wild-type adenovirus. We conclude that viral replication is necessary for adenoviral-induced pneumococcal middle ear disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Kyle A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Murrah
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Roberta L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Antonia C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Reimche
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wren
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Uma
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gandhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: W Edward
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Swords
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA ornelles@wakehealth.edu.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ornelles
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000502:physiology*; D000257:Adenoviridae Infections / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D000818:Animals; D060085:Coinfection / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D011817:Rabbits; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000254:growth & development*; D014779:Virus Replication
keywords: animal model; coinfection; pneumococcal disease