title: Maternal vitamin D status and infant anthropometry in a US multi-centre cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Maternal vitamin D status in pregnancy is linked to foetal growth and may impact infant growth.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the association between maternal vitamin D status and infant anthropometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data came from n = 2473 mother-child pairs from the 12-site US Collaborative Perinatal Project (1959-1965). Maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured at ≤ 26 weeks gestation. Multivariate-adjusted linear mixed models were used to relate maternal vitamin D status to infant z-scores for length (LAZ), head circumference (HCZ), weight (WAZ) and BMI (BMIZ), measured at birth and 4, 8 and 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infants with maternal 25(OH)D ≥30 nmol/L vs <30 nmol/L had LAZ and HCZ measures 0.13 (95% CI = 0.03-0.23) and 0.20 (95% CI = 0.11-0.28) units higher, respectively, across the first year of life. Similar differences in WAZ and BMIZ at birth were resolved by 12 months of age due to interactions indicating steeper age slopes in infants with maternal 25(OH)D <30 nmol/L.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low maternal vitamin D status was associated with deficits at birth in infant weight and BMI that were recouped across the first year of life; associations with reduced measures of linear and skeletal growth were sustained from birth to 12 months.
authors.affiliation: School of Community Health, Portland State University, Portland , USA .
authors.forename: Cara L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Eckhardt
authors.forename: Alison D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Gernand
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Bodnar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D002657:Child Development; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: 25-hydroxyvitamin D; catch-up growth; infant growth; pregnancy