title: Elevated levels of cerebrospinal fluid neuron-specific enolase (NSE), but not S100B in major depressive disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Alterations in neuronal and glial integrity are considered to be of pathogenic impact on major depressive disorder (MDD). For MDD, data on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) are lacking and scarce for glial protein S100B.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured CSF levels of NSE and S100B in 31 patients with MDD and 32 mentally healthy controls using electrochemiluminescence immunoassays (ECLIA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adjusted means of NSE were significantly elevated in the MDD patients (11.73 ng/ml (9.95-13.52 95% CI) compared to the controls (6.17 ng/ml (4.55-7.78), F = 9.037, P = 0.004. Effect size for adjusted mean group difference of 5.57 ng/ml was found invariably high (Cohen's d = 1.23). Differentiating MDD from controls, a NSE cut-off of 7.94 ng/ml showed sensitivity of 81% (95% CI 63.7-90.8) and specificity of 75% (95% CI 57.9-86.7). Adjusted levels of S100B did not differ significantly between the two groups (1.12 ng/ml (0.77-1.48) in MDD, 0.97 ng/ml (0.64-1.30) in controls).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results of elevated CSF-NSE levels support neuronal pathology in MDD and the potential use of CSF-NSE as marker in clinical diagnostics. Missing group differences in S100B do not promote a specific glial pathology in depressive disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany.
authors.forename: Frank Martin
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mergl
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stach
authors.forename: Ina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jahn
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schönknecht
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000473:pathology*; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D013129:Spinal Puncture
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; C579160:S100B protein, human; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase
keywords: NSE; S100B; major depressive disorder; neuron specific enolase; neuronal biomarker