title: Prophylactic venous cannulation of the pedicled TRAM flap in breast reconstruction.
abstract: Since its inception nearly 30 years ago, the pedicled TRAM flap has remained a reliable technique of breast reconstruction. However, venous congestion of the flap in the early postoperative period is well recognised and may lead to partial or total flap loss. This study describes a simple technique routinely employed by the senior author over 15 years involving intraoperative cannulation of the deep inferior epigastric vein and externalisation into an ileostomy bag, in order to facilitate drainage and reduce the likelihood of venous congestion. In addition to its role in breast reconstruction, this technique may be a useful adjunct to any form of free or pedicled tissue transfer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Preston , UK.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Johal
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Highton
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oudit
authors.forename: J K G
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Laitung
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D002404:Catheterization; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000098:blood supply*; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: breast; breast reconstruction; flaps