title: Devising a consensus definition and framework for non-technical skills in healthcare to support educational design: A modified Delphi study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-technical skills are a subset of human factors that focus on the individual and promote safety through teamwork and awareness. There is no widely adopted competency- or outcome-based framework for non-technical skills training in healthcare. The authors set out to devise such a framework using a modified Delphi approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  An exhaustive list of published and team suggested items was presented to the expert panel for ranking and to propose a definition. In the second round, a focused list was presented, as well as the proposed definition elements. The finalised framework was sent to the panel for review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen experts participated. The final framework consists of 16 competencies for all and eight specific competencies for team leaders. The consensus definition describes non-technical skills as "a set of social (communication and team work) and cognitive (analytical and personal behaviour) skills that support high quality, safe, effective and efficient inter-professional care within the complex healthcare system".
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors have produced a new competency framework, through the works of an International expert panel, which is not discipline specific that can be used by curriculum developers, educational innovators and clinical teachers to support developments in the field.
authors.affiliation: University of Central Lancashire , UK.
authors.forename: Morris
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Catchpole
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Darbyshire
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schocken
mesh_terms: D001519:Behavior; D003071:Cognition; D003142:Communication; D032921:Consensus; D003697:Delphi Technique; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000458:organization & administration*; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D007857:Leadership; D000068616:Professionalism