title: Are children with type 1 diabetes safe at school? Examining parent perceptions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe parent perceptions of children's diabetes care at school including: availability of licensed health professionals; staff training; logistics of provision of care; and occurrence and treatment of hypo- and hyperglycemia; and to examine parents' perceptions of their children's safety and satisfaction in the school environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey was completed by parents of children with type 1 diabetes from permissive (trained, non-medical school personnel permitted to provide diabetes care; N = 237) and non-permissive (only licensed health care professionals permitted to provide diabetes care; N = 198) states.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most parents reported that schools had nurses available for the school day; teachers and coaches should be trained; nurses, children, and parents frequently provided diabetes care; and hypo- and hyperglycemia occurred often. Parents in permissive states perceived children to be as safe and were as satisfied with care as parents in non-permissive states.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Training non-medical staff will probably maximize safety of children with diabetes when a school nurse is not available.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Driscoll
authors.affiliation: Genetics and Epidemiology Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Volkening
authors.affiliation: Barbara Davis Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CL, USA.
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haro
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Gesnyr
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ocean
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Yuxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: American Diabetes Association, Government Affairs and Advocacy, Alexandria, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Crystal Crismond
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pediatric Endocrinology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clougherty
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Hale
authors.affiliation: Barbara Davis Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CL, USA.
authors.forename: Georgeanna J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Klingensmith
authors.affiliation: Genetics and Epidemiology Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Laffel
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Larry C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Deeb
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Linda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Siminerio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006280:Health Workforce; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D012449:Safety; D012574:Schools; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: parents' perceptions; safety; school environment; type 1 diabetes