title: Chronic kidney disease and bleeding complications after intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The safety of intravenous thrombolysis in ischemic stroke (IS) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is uncertain. We assessed whether CKD is associated with bleeding complications after intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator administration to patients with IS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were analyzed from 44 410 patients with IS treated with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator in the Get With The Guidelines-Stroke Program. Glomerular filtration rate based on admission serum creatinine was categorized as dichotomous (presence of CKD as <60) or as distinct categories: normal (≥90), mild (≥60-<90), moderate (≥30-< 60), severe (≥15-<30), and kidney failure (<15 or dialysis). Primary outcomes evaluated were symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and serious systemic hemorrhage; secondary outcomes were in-hospital mortality, independent functional status. There were 15 191 of 44 410 (34%) intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator-treated IS patients with CKD. Presence of CKD (versus no CKD) was not associated with risk-adjusted symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (adjusted odds ratio, 1.0; 95% confidence interval: 0.91-1.10) or serious systemic hemorrhage (adjusted odds ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval: 0.80-1.18) and did not significantly vary by kidney dysfunction stage for either of these primary end points in multivariable analyses. Compared with patients with normal kidney function, those with CKD were more likely to die in the hospital (adjusted odds ratio, 1.22; 95% confidence interval: 1.14-1.32) and have an unfavorable discharge functional status (adjusted odds ratio, 1.13; 95% CI: 1.07-1.19).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Presence of CKD among patients with IS treated with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator is associated with higher unadjusted odds of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage or serious systemic hemorrhage, but this is explained by non-CKD related factors.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (B.O.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (E.E.S.); Division of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (L.H.S.); Outcomes Research and Assessment Group, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (M.V.G.-S., A.F.H., E.D.P.); Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (J.L.S.) and Division of Cardiology (G.C.F.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.L.B.). ovibes@musc.edu.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ovbiagele
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (B.O.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (E.E.S.); Division of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (L.H.S.); Outcomes Research and Assessment Group, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (M.V.G.-S., A.F.H., E.D.P.); Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (J.L.S.) and Division of Cardiology (G.C.F.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.L.B.).
authors.forename: Eric E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (B.O.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (E.E.S.); Division of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (L.H.S.); Outcomes Research and Assessment Group, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (M.V.G.-S., A.F.H., E.D.P.); Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (J.L.S.) and Division of Cardiology (G.C.F.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.L.B.).
authors.forename: Lee H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Schwamm
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (B.O.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (E.E.S.); Division of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (L.H.S.); Outcomes Research and Assessment Group, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (M.V.G.-S., A.F.H., E.D.P.); Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (J.L.S.) and Division of Cardiology (G.C.F.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.L.B.).
authors.forename: Maria V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Grau-Sepulveda
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (B.O.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (E.E.S.); Division of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (L.H.S.); Outcomes Research and Assessment Group, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (M.V.G.-S., A.F.H., E.D.P.); Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (J.L.S.) and Division of Cardiology (G.C.F.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.L.B.).
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Saver
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (B.O.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (E.E.S.); Division of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (L.H.S.); Outcomes Research and Assessment Group, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (M.V.G.-S., A.F.H., E.D.P.); Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (J.L.S.) and Division of Cardiology (G.C.F.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.L.B.).
authors.forename: Deepak L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Bhatt
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (B.O.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (E.E.S.); Division of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (L.H.S.); Outcomes Research and Assessment Group, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (M.V.G.-S., A.F.H., E.D.P.); Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (J.L.S.) and Division of Cardiology (G.C.F.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.L.B.).
authors.forename: Adrian F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (B.O.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (E.E.S.); Division of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (L.H.S.); Outcomes Research and Assessment Group, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (M.V.G.-S., A.F.H., E.D.P.); Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (J.L.S.) and Division of Cardiology (G.C.F.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.L.B.).
authors.forename: Eric D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (B.O.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (E.E.S.); Division of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (L.H.S.); Outcomes Research and Assessment Group, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (M.V.G.-S., A.F.H., E.D.P.); Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (J.L.S.) and Division of Cardiology (G.C.F.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.L.B.).
authors.forename: Gregg C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Fonarow
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012042:Registries; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator
keywords: glomerular filtration rate; hemorrhage; prognosis; renal Insufficiency, chronic