title: Thirty-fifth anniversary of the optical affinity sensor for glucose: a personal retrospective.
abstract: Since 1962 when Clark introduced the enzyme electrode, research has been intense for a robust implantable glucose sensor. An alternative "optical affinity sensor" was introduced by Jerome Schultz in 1979. The evolution of this sensor technology into a new methodology is reviewed. The approach integrates a variety of disparate concepts: the selectivity of immunoassays-selectivity for glucose was obtained with concanavalin A, detection sensitivity was obtained with fluorescence (FITC-Dextran), and miniaturization was achieved by the use of an optical fiber readout system. Refinements of Schultz's optical affinity sensor approach over the past 35 years have led to a number of configurations that show great promise to meet the needs of a successful implantable continuous monitoring device for diabetics, some of which are currently being tested clinically.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA jerome.schultz@ucr.edu.
authors.forename: Jerome S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Schultz
mesh_terms: D000846:Anniversaries and Special Events; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000266:history*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000266:history* / Q000295:instrumentation; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D008904:Miniaturization; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000266:history; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: affinity; fiber optics; fluorescence; glucose; glucose sensor; optical sensor