title: Hemostatic powder TC-325 in the management of upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding: a two-year experience at a single institution.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  TC-325 is a novel endoscopic hemostatic powder. Our aim was to describe a single-center experience with the use of TC-325 in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract, while for the first time attempting to determine how long the powder remains on a lesion.
  
  
  METHODS
  The charts of consecutive patients receiving TC-325 therapy between July 2011 and July 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. Primary endpoints included immediate hemostasis and early rebleeding (≤ 72 hours).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 60 patients received 67 treatments with TC-325: 21 for nonmalignant nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding, 19 for malignant upper gastrointestinal bleeding, 11 for lower gastrointestinal bleeding, and 16 for intra-procedural bleeding. Immediate hemostasis was achieved in 66 cases (98.5 %), with 6 cases (9.5 %) of early rebleeding. No serious adverse events were noted. No TC-325 powder was identified in the 11 patients who underwent second-look endoscopy, performed within 24 hours in 4 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TC-325 appears safe and effective for managing bleeding in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract with a variety of causes. The time during which the powder remains in the gastrointestinal tract is short, with complete elimination from the gastrointestinal tract as early as within 24 hours after use.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Yen-I
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barkun
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nolan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000150:complications; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D016558:Hemostasis, Endoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008903:Minerals / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010438:Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage / Q000628:therapy; D011208:Powders; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D024162:Second-Look Surgery; D013997:Time Factors; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D006490:Hemostatics; D008903:Minerals; D011208:Powders; C581750:hemospray