title: Terminal duct lobular unit involution of the normal breast: implications for breast cancer etiology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Greater degrees of terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU) involution have been linked to lower breast cancer risk; however, factors that influence this process are poorly characterized.
  
  
  METHODS
  To study this question, we developed three reproducible measures that are inversely associated with TDLU involution: TDLU counts, median TDLU span, and median acini counts/TDLU. We determined factors associated with TDLU involution using normal breast tissues from 1938 participants (1369 premenopausal and 569 postmenopausal) ages 18 to 75 years in the Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center. Multivariable zero-inflated Poisson models were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for factors associated with TDLU counts, and multivariable ordinal logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for factors associated with categories of median TDLU span and acini counts/TDLU.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All TDLU measures started declining in the third age decade (all measures, two-sided P trend ≤ .001); and all metrics were statistically significantly lower among postmenopausal women. Nulliparous women demonstrated lower TDLU counts compared with uniparous women (among premenopausal women, RR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.73 to 0.85; among postmenopausal, RR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.56 to 0.79); however, rates of age-related TDLU decline were faster among parous women. Other factors were related to specific measures of TDLU involution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Morphometric analysis of TDLU involution warrants further evaluation to understand the pathogenesis of breast cancer and assessing its role as a progression marker for women with benign biopsies or as an intermediate endpoint in prevention studies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (JDF, RMP, DAP, LL, LAB, GLG, XRY, DP, WFA, ZGK, MES), Laboratory of Pathology (SH), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN (DV, ACD); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (CM); Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (SEC); Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN (AMS). figueroaj@mail.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Jonine D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Figueroa
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (JDF, RMP, DAP, LL, LAB, GLG, XRY, DP, WFA, ZGK, MES), Laboratory of Pathology (SH), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN (DV, ACD); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (CM); Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (SEC); Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN (AMS).
authors.forename: Ruth M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (JDF, RMP, DAP, LL, LAB, GLG, XRY, DP, WFA, ZGK, MES), Laboratory of Pathology (SH), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN (DV, ACD); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (CM); Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (SEC); Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN (AMS).
authors.forename: Deesha A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (JDF, RMP, DAP, LL, LAB, GLG, XRY, DP, WFA, ZGK, MES), Laboratory of Pathology (SH), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN (DV, ACD); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (CM); Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (SEC); Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN (AMS).
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Linville
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (JDF, RMP, DAP, LL, LAB, GLG, XRY, DP, WFA, ZGK, MES), Laboratory of Pathology (SH), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN (DV, ACD); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (CM); Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (SEC); Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN (AMS).
authors.forename: Louise A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Brinton
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (JDF, RMP, DAP, LL, LAB, GLG, XRY, DP, WFA, ZGK, MES), Laboratory of Pathology (SH), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN (DV, ACD); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (CM); Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (SEC); Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN (AMS).
authors.forename: Gretchen L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Gierach
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (JDF, RMP, DAP, LL, LAB, GLG, XRY, DP, WFA, ZGK, MES), Laboratory of Pathology (SH), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN (DV, ACD); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (CM); Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (SEC); Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN (AMS).
authors.forename: Xiaohong R
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (JDF, RMP, DAP, LL, LAB, GLG, XRY, DP, WFA, ZGK, MES), Laboratory of Pathology (SH), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN (DV, ACD); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (CM); Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (SEC); Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN (AMS).
authors.forename: Daphne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Papathomas
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (JDF, RMP, DAP, LL, LAB, GLG, XRY, DP, WFA, ZGK, MES), Laboratory of Pathology (SH), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN (DV, ACD); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (CM); Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (SEC); Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN (AMS).
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Visscher
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (JDF, RMP, DAP, LL, LAB, GLG, XRY, DP, WFA, ZGK, MES), Laboratory of Pathology (SH), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN (DV, ACD); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (CM); Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (SEC); Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN (AMS).
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mies
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (JDF, RMP, DAP, LL, LAB, GLG, XRY, DP, WFA, ZGK, MES), Laboratory of Pathology (SH), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN (DV, ACD); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (CM); Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (SEC); Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN (AMS).
authors.forename: Amy C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Degnim
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (JDF, RMP, DAP, LL, LAB, GLG, XRY, DP, WFA, ZGK, MES), Laboratory of Pathology (SH), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN (DV, ACD); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (CM); Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (SEC); Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN (AMS).
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (JDF, RMP, DAP, LL, LAB, GLG, XRY, DP, WFA, ZGK, MES), Laboratory of Pathology (SH), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN (DV, ACD); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (CM); Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (SEC); Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN (AMS).
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hewitt
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (JDF, RMP, DAP, LL, LAB, GLG, XRY, DP, WFA, ZGK, MES), Laboratory of Pathology (SH), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN (DV, ACD); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (CM); Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (SEC); Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN (AMS).
authors.forename: Zeina G
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Khodr
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (JDF, RMP, DAP, LL, LAB, GLG, XRY, DP, WFA, ZGK, MES), Laboratory of Pathology (SH), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN (DV, ACD); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (CM); Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (SEC); Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN (AMS).
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Clare
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (JDF, RMP, DAP, LL, LAB, GLG, XRY, DP, WFA, ZGK, MES), Laboratory of Pathology (SH), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN (DV, ACD); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (CM); Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (SEC); Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN (AMS).
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Storniolo
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (JDF, RMP, DAP, LL, LAB, GLG, XRY, DP, WFA, ZGK, MES), Laboratory of Pathology (SH), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN (DV, ACD); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (CM); Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (SEC); Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN (AMS).
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Sherman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D042361:Mammary Glands, Human / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010298:Parity; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors