title: Effects of acute hypercapnia with and without acidosis on lung inflammation and apoptosis in experimental acute lung injury.
abstract: We investigated the effects of acute hypercapnic acidosis and buffered hypercapnia on lung inflammation and apoptosis in experimental acute lung injury (ALI). Twenty-four hours after paraquat injection, 28 Wistar rats were randomized into four groups (n=7/group): (1) normocapnia (NC, PaCO2=35-45 mmHg), ventilated with 0.03%CO2+21%O2+balancedN2; (2) hypercapnic acidosis (HC, PaCO2=60-70 mmHg), ventilated with 5%CO2+21%O2+balancedN2; and (3) buffered hypercapnic acidosis (BHC), ventilated with 5%CO2+21%O2+balancedN2 and treated with sodium bicarbonate (8.4%). The remaining seven animals were not mechanically ventilated (NV). The mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-6 (p=0.003), IL-1β (p<0.001), and type III procollagen (PCIII) (p=0.001) in lung tissue was more reduced in the HC group in comparison with NC, with no significant differences between HC and BHC. Lung and kidney cell apoptosis was reduced in HC and BHC in comparison with NC and NV. In conclusion, in this experimental ALI model, hypercapnia, regardless of acidosis, reduced lung inflammation and lung and kidney cell apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Nardelli
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rzezinski
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maron-Gutierrez
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Rio de Janeiro Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Rheumatology Division, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, IRCCS San Martino - IST, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Ornellas
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Henriques
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Capelozzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Teodoro
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Division, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pelosi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Rio de Janeiro Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: C S N B
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: prmrocco@gmail.com.
authors.forename: P R M
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Rocco
mesh_terms: D000138:Acidosis; D000208:Acute Disease; D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002021:Buffers; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006935:Hypercapnia; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers
keywords: Alveolar collapse; Apoptosis; Cytokines; Hypercapnia; Lung injury