title: Limited social learning of a novel technical problem by spotted hyenas.
abstract: Social learning can have profound evolutionary consequences because it drives the diffusion of novel behaviours among individuals and promotes the maintenance of traditions within populations. We inquired whether spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta), generalist carnivores living in complex, primate-like societies, acquire information from conspecifics about a novel problem-solving task. Previously, we presented wild hyenas with a food-access puzzle and found that social learning opportunities did not affect problem-solving success among observers, but did reduce observers' neophobia. However, we had little control over which individuals observed conspecifics solve the problem, and few wild hyenas were successful. Therefore, we conducted an experiment in captivity where we controlled observer access to two demonstration styles. Again, social learning opportunities did not affect problem-solving success, but tended to reduce neophobia among captive observers. Social learning opportunities also influenced problem-solving style. Captive hyenas showed limited evidence for directed social learning; low-ranking individuals paid closer attention to demonstrators than high-ranking individuals, although this greater attention did not result in greater success. We conclude that wild and captive hyenas exploit social learning opportunities similarly, and that the limited social learning shown by hyenas on this task is likely based on localized stimulus enhancement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, 82071 USA. Electronic address: sbensona@uwyo.edu.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benson-Amram
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 USA; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108 USA.
authors.forename: Virginia K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Heinen
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 USA.
authors.forename: Amelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gessner
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 USA.
authors.forename: Mary L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Weldele
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 USA.
authors.forename: Kay E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Holekamp
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D045968:Hyaenidae / Q000523:psychology*; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D011340:Problem Solving; D012932:Social Facilitation
keywords: Innovation; Neophobia; Social facilitation; Social learning; Stimulus enhancement