title: Maxillary central incisor with type V canal morphology: case report and literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is widely accepted that the permanent maxillary central incisor almost invariably has a single canal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This case reports a maxillary central incisor canal morphology that differs from this predominant form, a single-rooted permanent maxillary central incisor with 1 main canal that separated into 2 distinct canals in the apical third with 2 apical foramina. The presence of a superimposed mesioden was also established. Nonsurgical endodontic retreatment achieved an optimal result.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is greater variation in root canal morphology of permanent maxillary central incisors than population studies would suggest.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Glasgow Dental School and Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Gareth.calvert@ggc.scot.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Gareth
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Calvert
mesh_terms: D063405:Anatomic Variation; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla; D008875:Middle Aged; D010485:Periapical Periodontitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011859:Radiography; D019233:Retreatment; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019553:Tooth, Nonvital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014096:Tooth, Supernumerary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
keywords: Maxillary central incisor; mesioden; type V morphology