title: Hall conductance and topological invariant for open systems.
abstract: The Hall conductivity given by the Kubo formula is a linear response of quantum transverse transport to a weak electric field. It has been intensively studied for quantum systems without decoherence, but it is barely explored for systems subject to decoherence. In this paper, we develop a formulism to deal with this issue for topological insulators. The Hall conductance of a topological insulator coupled to an environment is derived, the derivation is based on a linear response theory developed for open systems in this paper. As an application, the Hall conductance of a two-band topological insulator and a two-dimensional lattice is presented and discussed.
authors.affiliation: 1] Center for Quantum Sciences and School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China [2] School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
authors.forename: H Z
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Center for Quantum Sciences and School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Center for Quantum Sciences and School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
authors.forename: X X
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Yi