title: The relationship between iron deficiency in patients with Helicobacter pylori-infected nodular gastritis and the serum prohepcidin level.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is recognized as a causative agent for unexplained iron-deficiency anemia (IDA). We evaluated many background factors influencing an iron-deficiency state in adult patients with various H. pylori-infected upper gastrointestinal tract diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study 1: H. pylori-infected 121 patients (nodular gastritis (NG) (n = 19), duodenal ulcer (DU) (n = 30), or gastric ulcer (GU) (n = 47), or gastric hyperplastic polyp (GHP) (n = 25)) were enrolled. The RBC count and hemoglobin, iron, ferritin, pepsinogen (PG) I, PG II, gastrin, and anti-H. pylori antibody (Ab) levels in the serum were measured. Study 2: H. pylori-infected 105 patients (NG, n = 19; DU, n = 43; GU, n = 32; GHP, n = 11) and non-H. pylori-infected individuals (n = 35) were examined for the levels of prohepcidin, ferritin, and iron in the serum. In addition, we measured the data before and after the H. pylori eradication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the patients with GHP and NG, hypoferritinemia was observed in comparison with the GU and DU patients. In the GHP patients, low levels of PG I, a decreased PG I/II ratio, and hypergastrinemia were observed. The levels of serum prohepcidin in the patients with H. pylori-associated disease were higher than those in the uninfected adults. In the patients with NG, the serum prohepcidin levels were higher than those in the other H. pylori-infected patient groups and decreased after the eradication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  H. pylori-related iron-deficiency state might be associated with several factors, such as hypochlorhydria and hepcidin, in patients with GHP or NG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yoneyama
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azumaya
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Syun-ya
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shioji
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawauchi
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Yuuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishigaki
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Kazuhito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimura
authors.forename: Terasu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Honma
authors.forename: Rintaro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Narisawa
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aoyagi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005756:Gastritis / Q000150:complications*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications*; D064451:Hepcidins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D000090463:Iron Deficiencies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044967:Serum / Q000737:chemistry; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D064451:Hepcidins
keywords: HP-related iron-deficiency anemia; Hepcidin; hyperplastic polyp; hypochlorhydria; nodular gastritis