title: GC-MS analysis of Cocus nucifera flower extract and its effects on heterogeneous symptoms of polycystic ovarian disease in female Wistar rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of Cocus nucifera L. flowers in reducing the major multiple symptoms of letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) in female rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female, virgin Wistar rats were treated with letrozole (1 mg/kg body wt) to induce PCOD, and after 21 days of induction rats were administered orally with 100 and 200 mg·kg(-1) of Cocus nucifera flower aqueous extract, respectively. Estrus cycle and blood sugar were monitored once a week throughout the study. After scarification, various biochemical parameters, such as antioxidant status (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GSH)) of the uterus homogenate, lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides (TG)) of the serum were determined. Weights of the uterus and ovaries were separately monitored. The characteristics of changes in the ovary were evaluated by histopathological studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GC-MS analysis of the aqueous extract showed the presence of volatile and pharmacologically active phytoconstituents. C. nucifera flower extract-treated groups showed estrus cyclicity and increased uterus weight which indicates the estrogenic effect. The improved blood sugar level, ideal lipid profile, good antioxidant status, and histopathology results revealed the recovery from poly cystic ovaries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that C. nucifera flower is a potential medicine for the treatment of PCOD and this study supports the traditional uses of C. nucifera flower.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Viswavidyalayam, Tirupathi-517502 Andhra Pradesh, India. Electronic address: sou7pharma@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Soumya
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Viswavidyalayam, Tirupathi-517502 Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Y Indira
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Muzib
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sir C. R. Reddy College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eluru-534007 Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Venkatesh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sir C. R. Reddy College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eluru-534007 Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hariprasath
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003059:Cocos / Q000737:chemistry*; D004971:Estrus / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077289:Letrozole; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D009570:Nitriles; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D048789:Phytoestrogens / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014230:Triazoles; D014599:Uterus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008055:Lipids; D009570:Nitriles; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014230:Triazoles; D000077289:Letrozole
keywords: Antioxidant; Cocus nucifera; Estrus cyclicity; Histopathology of ovary; Lipid profile; PCOD; Poly cystic ovarian disease