title: Endoscopic treatment with dextranomer/hyaluronic acid for persistent incontinence after continent urinary reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the applicability and long-term outcome of endoscopic injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid (Dx/HA) to correct incontinence in patients who had previously undergone continent urinary reconstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study was performed of all patients who underwent Dx/HA injection at our institution from January 2001 to June 2011. All patients had adequate bladder capacity and compliance on maximized medical therapy before injection. "Success" was defined as either "continence" (daytime dry interval >3 hours) or "improvement" (daytime dry interval >2 hours).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 22 children (16 females and 6 males) had Dx/HA injections for persistent incontinence from either bladder neck (7), Mitrofanoff (10), or both (5). Median age at injection was 13 years (range 4-21). Children underwent an average of 1.6 injection sessions per patient with an average of 2.6 mL of Dx/HA per session. At a median follow-up of 72 months (range 4-104), 19 (86.4%) patients had successful results (16 continent, 3 improved). For those incontinent from bladder neck, 42% became continent after 1, 75% after 2, and 83% after 3 injections, with a success rate of 91% (10 continent, 1 improved). For those incontinent from Mitrofanoff, 20% became continent after 1, and 73% after 2 injections, with a success rate of 86% (11 continent, 2 improved).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic injection of Dx/HA to correct residual incontinence in selected children after urinary reconstruction appears to be safe and effective, achieving a dry interval in more than two-thirds of patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Riachy
authors.forename: William Robert
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Defoor
authors.forename: Pramod P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Shumyle
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.forename: Paul H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Noh
authors.forename: Curtis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sheldon
authors.forename: Eugene A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Minevich
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000379:methods; D003911:Dextrans / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007267:Injections / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000628:therapy*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000628:therapy*; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D055675:Viscosupplements / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; D055675:Viscosupplements; C013471:dextranomer; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid