title: Phospholipases A2: enzymatic assay for snake venom (Naja naja karachiensis) with their neutralization by medicinal plants of Pakistan.
abstract: Phospholipases A2 (PLA2) are the most lethal and noxious component of Naja naja karachiensis venom. They are engaged to induce severe toxicities after their penetration in victims. Present study was designed to highlight hydrolytic actions of PLA. in an egg yolk mixture and to encounter their deleterious effects via medicinal plants of Pakistan. PLA2 were found to produce free fatty acids in a dose dependent manner. Venom at concentration of 0.1 mg was found to liberate 26.6 pmoles of fatty acids with a decline in pH1 of 0.2 owing to the presence of PLA2 (133 Unit/mg). When quantity of venom was increased up to 8 mg, it caused to release 133 pmoles of free fatty acids with a decrease in 1.0 pH due to abundance in PLA, (665 Unit/mg). The rest of other doses of venom (0.3-4.0 mg) was found to liberate fatty acids between these two upper and lower limits. Twenty eight medicinal plants (0.1-0.6 mg) were tried to abort PLA, hydrolytic action, however, all were found useful (50-100%) against PLA,. Bauhinia variegate L., Citrus limon (L.). Burm.f. Enicostemnma hyssopifolium (Willd.) Verdoorn, Ocimum sanctum. Psoralea corylifolia L. and Stenolobium stans (L.) D. Don were found excellent in switching off 100% phospholipases A, at their lowest concentration (0.1 mg). Three plants extract were found useful only at lower concentration (0.1 mg), however, their higher doses were seemed to aggravate venom response. Eight medicinal plants failed to neutralize PLA, rather their higher doses were found effective. Standard antidote and rest of other plants extract were able to show maximum of 50% efficiencies. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and isolate bioactive constituent(s) from above cited six medicinal plants to eradicate the problem of snake bite in the future.
authors.forename: Muhammad H H B
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Asad
authors.lastname: Durr-E-Sabih
authors.forename: Tahir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yaqab
authors.forename: Ghulam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Murtaza
authors.forename: Muhammad S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Muhammad S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Muhammad T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Nasir
authors.forename: Saira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Azhar
authors.forename: Shujaat A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Izhar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hussain
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004546:Elapid Venoms / Q000201:enzymology*; D017815:Elapidae; D010154:Pakistan; D054467:Phospholipases A2 / Q000633:toxicity*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal
chemical_list: D004546:Elapid Venoms; D010936:Plant Extracts; D054467:Phospholipases A2