title: Epidemiology of abnormal glucose metabolism in a country facing its epidemic: SAUDI-DM study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Saudi Arabia is a community thrilled by sudden social and economical changes, leading to a sharp increase in the prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism. Age-specific diabetes and impaired fasting glucose prevalence is the focus of this study with the expected risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nationwide, household, randomized, population based cohort of 18 034 participants aged ≥30 years was selected to test for abnormal glucose metabolism using fasting plasma glucose (FPG) according to American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of diabetes was 25.4% with 40.3% being unaware of their disease, while impaired fasting glucose (IFG) affected 25.5% of the total sample. IFG to diabetes ratio was one in this study, decreasing with age and increasing with body weight. Age ≥45 years, hypertension, history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and high triglycerides are the strongest risk factors in diabetic patients, while history of GDM, dyslipidemia, obesity, and high triglycerides are the most significant risk factors in IFG participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abnormal glucose metabolism has reached an epidemic level in this society, where half of adults and older are affected. Risk factors are behind this epidemic and the quick shift from IFG to diabetes in this society.
authors.affiliation: University Diabetes Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Al-Rubeaan
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hamad A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Al-Manaa
authors.affiliation: Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Tawfik A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Khoja
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Najlaa A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ahmad H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Al-Sharqawi
authors.affiliation: Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.affiliation: Research Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Dehkra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alnaqeb
authors.affiliation: University Diabetes Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Khaled H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Aburisheh
authors.affiliation: Registry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Amira M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Youssef
authors.affiliation: Central Department of Statistics and Information, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Batel
authors.affiliation: University Diabetes Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Metib S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Alotaibi
authors.affiliation: University Diabetes Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ali A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Al-Gamdi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Saudi Arabia; abnormal glucose metabolism; age-specific prevalence; diabetes mellitus; 关键词：糖代谢异常，特定年龄段的患病率，糖尿病，沙特阿拉伯