title: Cellular energy metabolism in T-lymphocytes.
abstract: Energy homeostasis is a hallmark of cell survival and maintenance of cell function. Here we focus on the impact of cellular energy metabolism on T-lymphocyte differentiation, activation, and function in health and disease. We describe the role of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of lymphocyte metabolism on immune functions of T cells. We also summarize the current knowledge about T-lymphocyte adaptations to inflammation and hypoxia, and the impact on T-cell behavior of pathophysiological hypoxia (as found in tumor tissue, chronically inflamed joints in rheumatoid arthritis and during bone regeneration). A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms that control immune cell metabolism and immune response may provide therapeutic opportunities to alter the immune response under conditions of either immunosuppression or inflammation, potentially targeting infections, vaccine response, tumor surveillance, autoimmunity, and inflammatory disorders.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gaber
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Strehl
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sawitzki
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hoff
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Buttgereit
mesh_terms: D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D017635:Clonal Anergy / Q000235:genetics; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D058539:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D058539:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase
keywords: Autoimmune diseases; T-lymphocytes; cancer; energy metabolism; hypoxia