title: Peptide-chaperone-directed transdermal protein delivery requires energy.
abstract: The biologically inspired transdermal enhanced peptide TD1 has been discovered to specifically facilitate transdermal delivery of biological macromolecules. However, the biological behavior of TD1 has not been fully defined. In this study, we find that energy is required for the TD1-mediated transdermal protein delivery through rat and human skins. Our results show that the permeation activity of TD1-hEGF, a fusion protein composed of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) and the TD1 sequence connected with a glycine-serine linker (GGGGS), can be inhibited by the energy inhibitor, rotenone or oligomycin. In addition, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the essential energetic molecule in organic systems, can effectively facilitate the TD1 directed permeation of the protein-based drug into the skin in a dose-dependent fashion. Our results here demonstrate a novel energy-dependent permeation process during the TD1-mediated transdermal protein delivery that could be valuable for the future development of promising new transdermal drugs.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Electronic Science and Technology, and §Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
authors.forename: Renquan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.forename: Peipei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Changli
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chuanjun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Longping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wen
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D009840:Oligomycins / Q000494:pharmacology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012402:Rotenone / Q000494:pharmacology; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D014475:Uncoupling Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D009840:Oligomycins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D014475:Uncoupling Agents; D012402:Rotenone; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor
keywords: ATP; energy; peptide chaperon; transdermal drug delivery; transdermal peptide