title: Methods for the assessment of neuromotor capacity in non-specific low back pain: Validity and applicability in everyday clinical practice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Physiotherapists and clinicians require methods that can be used in everyday practice for measuring proprioception of the trunk in individuals with non-specific low back pain (NSLBP).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to conduct a systematic literature review of methods used for assessment of proprioception of the trunk in individuals with non-specific low back pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PEDro and CENTRAL databases from their inception to December 2011. Reference lists of the selected reviews were hand searched for other potentially relevant studies. Randomized and nonrandomized controlled studies proprioception of the trunk in individuals with low back pain were selected. Thirty-six studies satisfied the selection criteria and were included in this review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two reviewers independently selected the studies, conducted the quality assessment, and extracted data from each study. The Strobe scale was used to evaluate the scientific rigor of each selected study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This systematic review covered all the relevant literature, but none of the included studies offered a valid, reliable and feasible method to assess neuromotor capacity in everyday physiotherapy clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Don Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Jorge Hugo
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Villafañe
authors.affiliation: School of Physiotherapy, University of Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zanetti
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Don Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Isgrò
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Franklin Pierce University, Concord, NH, USA Physical Therapist, Rehabilitation Services, Concord Hospital, NH, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cleland
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Therapy, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bertozzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gobbo
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Don Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Negrini
mesh_terms: D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011434:Proprioception / Q000502:physiology*; D060726:Torso / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Non-specific low back pain; balance; clinical applicability; equilibrium; kinesthesia; low back pain; motor control; proprioception; repositioning error