title: Preservation of a traditional Korean dietary pattern and emergence of a fruit and dairy dietary pattern among adults in South Korea: secular transitions in dietary patterns of a prospective study from 1998 to 2010.
abstract: Transitions in nutrition patterns tend to emerge through industrialization and economic development. We hypothesized that the dietary patterns among South Korean adults who were 20 years or older have changed significantly from 1998 to 2010. Herein, a repeated cross-sectional analysis of data was followed for 140601 adults. We noted changes in consumption, after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and exercise, and tested the trends across the study period. Factor and cluster analyses were used to derive dietary patterns. A decrease in traditional Korean food consumption, including cereals, vegetables (252-176 g), and Kimchi (127-82 g), occurred, whereas fruit (172-252 g), egg, and fried food intakes increased (P < .05). Total daily energy intake declined steadily from 1931 in 1998 to 1691 kcal in 2010. Carbohydrate intakes were unchanged over the study period; however, fat-derived energy intake increased slightly from 19.7% to 20.0% (P < .05). Our factor and cluster analyses identified 3 dietary patterns: "Korean" diet (rice, vegetables, and Kimchi), "Western" diet (soda, eggs, and oil), and "New" diet (low sugar and high fruit and dairy product intakes). Compared to 1998, approximately 40% of participants still followed a Korean diet in 2010. Interestingly, the popularity of the Western diet fell by approximately 20%, whereas the new diet pattern increased 2-fold over the study period. Overall, these data show secular trends in dietary patterns that included a preservation of the traditional Korean diet and the emergence of a new diet pattern, and it demonstrated a unique transition in food and nutrient intakes in Korea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Nutrition, Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyunjung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Promotion, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Yeun
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Youfa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Promotion, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Ju
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyungwon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongnam Health University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chun Young
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.affiliation: Severance Hospital, Health Promotion Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Myoung
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Promotion, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jsunha@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Sun Ha
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jee
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003469:Culture; D003611:Dairy Products; D004032:Diet / Q000639:trends*; D066273:Diet, Western; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D011446:Prospective Studies; D056910:Republic of Korea
keywords: Adults; Dietary pattern; Food consumption; Nutrition transition; Prospective study; South Korea