title: [Neuroscientific basic in addiction].
abstract: The growing evidence of Neuroscience leads to a better understanding of cerebral processes in cases of acute or chronic intake of psychotropic substances (ps). Predominantly, structures of the "reward system" contributed to the development of addiction. Chronic consumption of ps provides changing in brain equilibrium and leads to adaptations in the brain architecture. In this article, the complex responses of neurons and neuronal networks are presented in cases of chronic intake of ps. The alterations affect the cognitive, emotional and behavioral processings and influence learning and stress regulation. In summary, all cerebral adaptations are integrated in a complex model of biological, psychological and social factors and therefore, addiction arises as a consequence of combination of individual protecting and risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatrische Klinik Königsfelden, Universitäten Zürich/Regensburg/Konstanz.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johann-Ridinger
mesh_terms: D001332:Automatism / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D066249:Craving / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004644:Emotions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009042:Motivation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000502:physiology; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D012153:Retention, Psychology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs