title: Prevention of cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis by resveratrol: a comparative experimental study with mesna.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is the most common urotoxic side effect of cyclophosphamide (CP). The aim of this study was to compare the classical efficacy of mesna (2-mercaptoethane sulfonate sodium) with three different doses of resveratrol (RES) on cyclophosphamide-induced HC in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups. Group 1 served as a negative control (sham). Five groups received a single dose of cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg) intraperitoneally at the same time. Groups 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 received only CP, CP + 20 mg/kg RES, CP + 40 mg/kg RES, CP + 80 mg/kg RES, and CP + classical protocol of three doses of mesna (30 mg/kg three times), respectively. Antioxidants, cytokines, and malondialdehyde levels were measured in all groups. In addition, histopathological alterations in tissues were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CP administration induced severe HC with marked edema, hemorrhage, and inflammation in group 2. RES 20 mg/kg showed meaningful protection against bladder damage compared to the control group. It was seen that RES 40 mg/kg gave weaker protection but RES 80 mg/kg was not found to be effective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, marked bladder protection was found in 20 and 40 mg/kg RES applications compared to the control group, but this protection was weaker than with mesna.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Adnan Kahveci Bulvarı No:67/1 Selçuklu Mah. Selçuklu Konakları A Blok Kat 3 daire:7 Uydukent, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey, drkeles@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Keles
authors.forename: Mehmet Fatih
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Bozkurt
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cemek
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karalar
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hazini
authors.forename: Saadet
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alpdagtas
authors.forename: Hikmet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Keles
authors.forename: Turan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yildiz
authors.forename: Cavit
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ceylan
authors.forename: Mehmet Emin
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Buyukokuroglu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000633:toxicity*; D003556:Cystitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D015080:Mesna / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D013267:Stilbenes; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D015080:Mesna; D000077185:Resveratrol