title: Social values and health priority setting in Australia: an analysis applied to the context of health technology assessment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the role of social values in priority setting related to health technology assessment processes and decision-making in Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The processes and decision criteria of the Pharmaceutical and Medical Benefits Advisory Committees are described based on literature and policy sources, and analysed using a framework for identifying social values in priority-setting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transparency and accountability of processes are apparent. Participation balances inclusiveness and effectiveness of decision-making, but presents an opportunity to enhance priority setting processes. Clinical and cost-effectiveness are important content considerations. Social values related to justice/equity are considered, without quantification of criteria weights for equity relative to other factors. HTA processes support solidarity through subsidising approved technologies for all Australians, whilst retaining autonomy by permitting non-subsidised technologies to be accessed privately, leading to possible tension between the values of solidarity, autonomy and equity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Priority setting related to health technology subsidy incorporates a range of inter-related social values in the processes and content of decision-making. Participation in decision-making could arguably be improved if a patient and public engagement policy were to be formulated alongside more widespread changes across processes to assess social values using approaches such as the Citizens' Jury.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Population and Social Health Research Program, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Logan, Queensland, Australia. Electronic address: j.whitty@uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Whitty
authors.affiliation: Division of Health and Social Care Research, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, UK.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Littlejohns
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D006291:Health Policy; D006292:Health Priorities; D006801:Humans; D011050:Policy Making; D040841:Resource Allocation; D012941:Social Responsibility; D012945:Social Values; D013673:Technology Assessment, Biomedical
keywords: Australia; Health priority setting; Health technology assessment; Resource allocation; Social values