title: Effect of galectins on viral transmission.
abstract: Recent reports suggest that some galectins bind to enveloped viruses. They include influenza virus, human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1), and Nipah virus. It is also suggested that the interaction between viruses and galectins influences viral attachment to their susceptible cells, affecting the viral infectivity. Our work suggests that galectin-1 increases the infectivity of HIV-1 and HTVL-1. Indeed, galectin-1 promotes the initial adsorption of HIV-1 to CD4(+) cells through its binding to viral envelope gp120 and facilitates HIV-1 infection in a manner that is dependent on its recognition of β-galactoside residues. Thus, as galectin-1 can be considered as a pattern recognition receptor, HIV-1 exploits this host factor to promote its transmission or replication. In this chapter, we describe methods used to investigate this potential role of galectins in HIV-1 infection as a case in point for future studies on galectin-virus interactions.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Human Immuno-Retrovirology, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ouellet
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: St-Pierre
authors.forename: Michel J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000821:virology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D037161:Galectins / Q000378:metabolism*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24 / Q000378:metabolism; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000821:virology; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014461:Ultracentrifugation; D053585:Virus Attachment
chemical_list: D037161:Galectins; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D011134:Polysaccharides; D008156:Luciferases