title: Solid waste production and its management in dental clinics in Gorgan, northern Iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Waste produced in dental clinics has been the topic of investigations for many years. These waste materials have important health impacts and are hazardous to humans and the environment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigating solid waste production and its management in dental clinics in Gorgan, northern Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, 45 of 143 public dental practices and 5 of 25 private dental practices were selected and studied. From each clinic, 3 samples were taken and analyzed at the end of successive working days (Tuesday and Wednesday). Samples were manually sorted into 50 components. The measured components were then classified on the basis of their characteristics, hazard potentials, and WHO classification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total annual amount of dental waste produced in public and private dental practices in Gorgan was 12 015.1 and 3135.0 kg, respectively. Production percentages of infectious, domestic, chemical and pharmaceutical, and toxic waste in public dental practices were 38.4%, 33.7%, 6.6%, and 0.6%, respectively. The percentages for private practices were 8.7%, 10.6%, 1.1%, and 0.1%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dental waste management in Gorgan is inadequate; dental waste is not properly segregated, collected, and disposed, as demanded by the WHO. Employees in dentist offices must be trained in correct handling of waste products and the associated risks.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nabizadeh
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Faraji
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran. amohamady58@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003727:Dental Auxiliaries / Q000193:education; D003740:Dental Clinics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018057:Dental Waste / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003815:Dentists / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004497:Education, Dental; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods; D007492:Iran; D017744:Medical Waste Disposal / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D018057:Dental Waste; D017744:Medical Waste Disposal; D062611:Solid Waste