title: Disseminated tuberculosis: A neglected entity in immunocompromised hemodialysis patients.
abstract: End-stage renal disease is considered a factor predisposing to increased risk of tuberculosis with frequent extrapulmonary localization. Although extrapulmonary tuberculosis has been observed for decades, disseminated tuberculosis, a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised hosts, remains rather neglected. We report an unusual case of an immunocompromised patient with a late diagnosis and delayed treatment of genitourinary tuberculosis that subsequently led to the diagnosis of vertebral and miliary tuberculosis (disseminating tuberculosis). Therefore, increased awareness is warranted from physicians dealing with hemodialysis patients in order to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment initiation.
authors.affiliation: Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gavriilaki
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department, General Hospital of Edessa, Edessa, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sabanis
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department, General Hospital of Edessa, Edessa, Greece.
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Paschou
authors.affiliation: Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Asterios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kalaitzoglou
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department, General Hospital of Polygyros, Polygyros, Greece.
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Michalaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zarampoukas
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014391:Tuberculosis, Miliary / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: Tuberculosis; disseminated; end-stage renal disease; genitourinary; hemodialysis