title: The use of foam sclerotherapy to treat low-flow vascular malformations of the head and neck.
abstract: Liquid sclerotherapy, laser and surgery have been used in the treatment of head and neck vascular anomalies with variable success for many years. A multidisciplinary team consisting of plastic surgery, maxillofacial surgery and interventional radiology currently treats such lesions by converting liquid sclerosant into foam. Foam sclerotherapy is currently used successfully to treat varicosities of the lower limbs and in this study, we present four cases in which 3% sodium tetradecyl sulfate has been used to treat low-flow vascular malformations in the head and neck.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Birmingham Foundation NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK indranb@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Balasundaram
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Birmingham Foundation NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Al-Hadad
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Birmingham Foundation NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rehman
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital Birmingham Foundation NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: McCafferty
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Birmingham Foundation NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Monaghan