title: The production and distribution of IL-6 and TNF-a in subcutaneous adipose tissue and their correlation with serum concentrations in Welsh ponies with equine metabolic syndrome.
abstract: A main symptom of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) in ponies is pathological obesity characterized by abnormal accumulation of fat deposits and inflammation. In this study, we analyzed the expression of two pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), in subcutaneous adipose tissue and the correlation with serum concentrations in peripheral blood of Welsh ponies. Based on clinical examination findings, the animals were divided into two groups: ponies affected with EMS (n = 8) and obese ponies (n = 8). The adipose tissue was examined using immunohistochemical analysis while concentrations IL-6 and TNF-a were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Additionally, histological characterization of the adipose tissue was performed. The results obtained showed that IL-6 expression in adipose tissue biopsies derived from animals with EMS was enhanced while TNF-α levels of both groups were comparable. Compared to the obese ponies, EMS animals also had significantly elevated levels of serum IL-6 and TNF-α. Histological analysis revealed macrophage infiltration and fibrosis in adipose tissue preparations from the EMS group. These data suggest that IL-6 may play a key role in the course of EMS in Welsh ponies. Our findings also demonstrated that analysis of pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in serum may serve as an additional tool for diagnosing EMS.
authors.affiliation: Electron Microscope Laboratory, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw 51-631, Poland.basinskakatarzyna@wp.pl.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Basinska
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Marycz
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Śieszek
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nicpoń
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006736:Horses; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: equine metabolic syndrome; interleukin-6; leptin; subcutaneous adipose tissue; tumor necrosis factor-alpha