title: Incidence of contrast medium extravasation for CT and MRI in a large academic medical centre: a report on 502,391 injections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the authors' experience of contrast medium extravasation (CME) during both CT and MRI examinations in a large academic medical centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present retrospective investigation was conducted between June 2008 and June 2013. The radiology data and medical records of patients in whom CME had occurred were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The extravasation rate for CT and MRI was 0.11% (541/502 391); the % was 0.13% during CT and 0.06% during MRI. There was a statistically significant difference between females and males in the overall % (p = 0.0062), and the number of extravasations between CT and MRI (p < 0.0001). At MRI, the incidence of CME in patients >60 years was statistically significant when compared to the 18-60 year age group (p = 0.0072). Of 90 MRI patients with extravasation, CME occurred in 51 (0.048%, 51/105,578) patients from manual injections, and 39 (0.087%, 39/44,688) patients from automated injection with statistical significance (p = 0.0048). A statistical significance was found between females receiving automatic injections and males receiving manual injections (p = 0.0161). The majority of CME during CT and MRI occurred in the outpatient department [64.5% (291/451) and 64.4% (58/90), respectively], but the overall incidence of CME was highest in inpatients [0.29%, (160/54,664) in CT and 0.16% (32/20,048) in MRI].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients undergoing CT are at higher risk of developing CME than MRI patients. Females and inpatients were also were more likely to develop CME at both CT and MRI. At MRI CME is more likely in patients above the age of 60 years and for those receiving automated power injections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shaqdan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aran
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thrall
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA. Electronic address: Habujudeh@partners.org.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abujudeh
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D005119:Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007297:Inpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult