title: Variable density turbulence tunnel facility.
abstract: The Variable Density Turbulence Tunnel at the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization in Göttingen, Germany, produces very high turbulence levels at moderate flow velocities, low power consumption, and adjustable kinematic viscosity between 10(-4) m(2)/s and 10(-7) m(2)/s. The Reynolds number can be varied by changing the pressure or flow rate of the gas or by using different non-flammable gases including air. The highest kinematic viscosities, and hence lowest Reynolds numbers, are reached with air or nitrogen at 0.1 bar. To reach the highest Reynolds numbers the tunnel is pressurized to 15 bars with the dense gas sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Turbulence is generated at the upstream ends of two measurement sections with grids, and the evolution of this turbulence is observed as it moves down the length of the sections. We describe the instrumentation presently in operation, which consists of the tunnel itself, classical grid turbulence generators, and state-of-the-art nano-fabricated hot-wire anemometers provided by Princeton University [M. Vallikivi, M. Hultmark, S. C. C. Bailey, and A. J. Smits, Exp. Fluids 51, 1521 (2011)]. We report measurements of the characteristic scales of the flow and of turbulent spectra up to Taylor Reynolds number R(λ) ≈ 1600, higher than any other grid-turbulence experiment. We also describe instrumentation under development, which includes an active grid and a Lagrangian particle tracking system that moves down the length of the tunnel with the mean flow. In this configuration, the properties of the turbulence are adjustable and its structure is resolvable up to R(λ) ≈ 8000.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bodenschatz
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Bewley
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nobach
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sinhuber
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu