title: In vitro antimicrobial activity of an experimental dentifrice based on Ricinus communis.
abstract: This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of a Ricinus communis-based experimental dentifrice for denture hygiene against the following standard strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay was performed with R. communis in pure oil at 2.5%. Only E. coli was not inhibited by R. communis, but the MIC (0.0781%) was effective against the other microorganisms. From these results it was determined the R. communis concentrations for experimental dentifrices, 1, 2, 5 and 10%, which were evaluated by the test-well diffusion in agar. The commercial dentifrices Colgate, Trihydral and Corega Brite were tested for comparative purposes. The diameter of the zones of bacterial growth inhibition produced around the wells was measured (in mm) with a rule under reflected light. Data were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc test (α=0.05). Neither the commercial nor the experimental dentifrices were effective against E. coli. The experimental dentifrices containing R. communis at 2, 5 and 10% presented action against S. mutans, S. aureaus and E. faecallis. The experimental dentifrices showed no antimicrobial activity against Candida spp. and E. coli in any of the tested concentrations. Trihydral was the most effective. Comparing the experimental dentifrices, the product with 10% R. communis produced the largest zones of bacterial growth inhibition and had similar antimicrobial activity to the commercial dentifrices, except against S. aureus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa Maria Fagundes
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana Barchelli
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marina Xavier
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Pisani
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Evandro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raphael Freitas
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helena de Freitas Oliveira
authors.initials: Hde F
authors.lastname: Paranhos
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cláudia Helena
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lovato-Silva
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003802:Dentifrices; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012278:Ricinus / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D003802:Dentifrices; D010936:Plant Extracts