title: The Duality of Fgl2 - Secreted Immune Checkpoint Regulator Versus Membrane-Associated Procoagulant: Therapeutic Potential and Implications.
abstract: Fibrinogen-like protein 2 (Fgl2), a member of the fibrinogen family, can be expressed as a membrane-associated protein with coagulation activity or in a secreted form possessing unique immune suppressive functions. The biological importance of Fgl2 is evident within viral-induced fibrin depositing inflammatory diseases and malignancies and provides a compelling rationale for Fgl2 expression to not only be considered as a disease biomarker but also as a therapeutic target. This article will provide a comprehensive review of the currently known biological properties of Fgl2 and clarifies future scientific directives.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pediatrics-Research , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA.
authors.forename: Jiemiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pediatrics-Research , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: b Department of Neurosurgery , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA.
authors.forename: Ganesh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: b Department of Neurosurgery , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA.
authors.forename: Khatri
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Latha
authors.affiliation: c Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA.
authors.forename: Willem W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Overwijk
authors.affiliation: b Department of Neurosurgery , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA.
authors.forename: Amy B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Heimberger
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pediatrics-Research , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA.
authors.forename: Shulin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D061025:Costimulatory and Inhibitory T-Cell Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D005337:Fibrin / Q000378:metabolism*; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D061025:Costimulatory and Inhibitory T-Cell Receptors; C095202:FGL2 protein, human; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D005337:Fibrin; D005340:Fibrinogen
keywords: DC maturation; Tregs; fibrin deposit; glioblastoma; immune suppression; inflammatory diseases; liver injury; membrane-bound procoagulant; secreted immune checkpoint regulator