title: Genotypic distribution and phylogenetic characterization of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in diarrheic chickens and pigs in multiple cities, China: potential zoonotic transmission.
abstract: This study investigated diarrheic broiler and layer chickens (<50 days; n=14) and pigs of three age groups (preweaned <30 days, weaned ≈30 to 60 days, and growing >60 days; n=64) for E. bieneusi genotypes in northeast China and evaluated the potential roles of chickens and pigs in zoonotic transmission of microsporidiosis. Two 45-day-old layer chickens in city Jixi, Heilongjiang province and one 23-day-old broiler chicken in city Songyuan, Jilin province were identified to harbor a human-pathogenic E. bieneusi genotype Henan-IV and a new genotype named CC-1, respectively, by nested PCR and sequence analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS). Eleven of 64 (17.2%) duodenal mucosal specimens from pigs in city Tianjin, city Tongliao of Inner Mongolia, cities Jilin and Songyuan of Jilin province, and cities Daqing, Harbin, and Suihua of Heilongjiang province, were positive for E. bieneusi, with the infection rates of weaned pigs (35%, 7/20) significantly higher than preweaned ones (3.6%, 1/28; P<0.05). Nucleotide sequences of the ITS were obtained from 6 pig specimens, belonging to 3 known genotypes CHN7, EbpC, and Henan-IV. That the previous reports have described the occurrence of genotypes EbpC and Henan-IV in humans and EbpC in wastewater in central China and the clustering of genotypes CC-1 and CHN7 into a major phylogenetic group of E. bieneusi genotypes with zoonotic potential indicated that chickens and pigs could be potential sources of human micorsporidiosis. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the existence of zoonotic E. bieneusi genotypes in diarrheic chickens.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Yanxue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Ruinan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Diao
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Jinping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Lihua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D021901:DNA, Intergenic; D021862:Enterocytozoon / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D010802:Phylogeny; D034421:Sus scrofa; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D021901:DNA, Intergenic