title: Cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase in dogs with chronic enteropathies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) is the major source of leukotrienes. Their role in IBD has been demonstrated in humans and animal models, but not in dogs with chronic enteropathies (CCE).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  COX-2 and 5-LO are upregulated in dogs with CCE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen healthy control dogs (HCD), 10 dogs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and 15 dogs with food-responsive diarrhea (FRD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study. mRNA expression of COX-2, 5-LO, IL-1b, IL-4, IL-6, TNF, IL-10 and TFG-β was evaluated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR in duodenal and colonic biopsies before and after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  COX-2 expression in the colon was significantly higher in IBD and FRD before and after treatment (all P < .01). IL-1b was higher in FRD in the duodenum after treatment (P = .021). TGF-β expression was significantly higher in the duodenum of HCD compared to FRD/IBD before treatment (both P < .001) and IBD after treatment (P = .012). There were no significant differences among groups and within groups before and after treatment for IL-4, IL-6, TNF, and IL-10. There was a significant correlation between COX-2 and IL-1b in duodenum and colon before treatment in FRD and IBD, whereas 5-LO correlated better with IL-6 and TNF. IL-10 and TGF-β usually were correlated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  COX-2 is upregulated in IBD and FRD, whereas IL-1b and TGF-β seem to be important pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, respectively. The use of dual COX/5-LO inhibitors could be an interesting alternative in the treatment of CCE.
authors.affiliation: Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Dumusc
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Ontsouka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schnyder
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hartnack
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Albrecht
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bruckmaier
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Burgener
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003106:Colon / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000201:enzymology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000201:enzymology*; D004285:Dogs; D004386:Duodenum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000201:enzymology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000032:analysis; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000032:analysis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2
keywords: Food-responsive diarrhea; Inflammatory bowel disease; Interleukin; Leukotriene