title: Washing off intensification of cotton and wool fabrics by ultrasounds.
abstract: Wet textile washing processes were set up for wool and cotton fabrics to evaluate the potential of ultrasound transducers (US) in improving dirt removal. The samples were contaminated with an emulsion of carbon soot in vegetable oil and aged for three hours in fan oven. Before washing, the fabrics were soaked for 3 min in a standard detergent solution and subsequently washed in a water bath. The dirt removal was evaluated through colorimetric measurements. The total color differences ΔE of the samples were measured with respect to an uncontaminated fabric, before and after each washing cycle. The percentage of ΔE variation obtained was calculated and correlated to the dirt removal. The results showed that the US transducers enhanced the dirt removal and temperature was the parameter most influencing the US efficiency on the cleaning process. Better results were obtained at a lower process temperature.
authors.affiliation: Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy. Electronic address: roberta.peila@polito.it.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peila
authors.affiliation: Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Actis Grande
authors.affiliation: Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giansetti
authors.affiliation: Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rehman
authors.affiliation: Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sicardi
authors.affiliation: Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rovero
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D032561:Cotton Fiber; D013010:Sonication / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013783:Textile Industry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014159:Transducers; D014935:Wool
keywords: Anova; Total color difference; Ultrasound; Ultrasound field mapping; Washing