title: Knowledge and attitudes of doctor of pharmacy students regarding the appropriate use of antimicrobials.
abstract: Pharmacists are key partners in antimicrobial stewardship efforts, yet their degree of education on and attitudes toward this topic during training are not well documented. An electronic survey measuring knowledge and attitudes regarding antimicrobial use and resistance was administered to graduating pharmacy students at 12 US schools of pharmacy. Of 1445 pharmacy students, 579 (40%) completed the survey. The vast majority (94%) believed that strong knowledge of antimicrobials was important for their pharmacy careers, and 89% desired more education on appropriate antimicrobial use. Most students (84%) considered their pharmacy education regarding antimicrobials useful or very useful, but there was significant variability on perceptions of preparation for most antimicrobial stewardship activities according to the students' school. The mean number of correct answers on a section of 11 knowledge questions was 5.8 (standard deviation 2.0; P value for score between schools <.001). On multivariable linear regression analysis, significant predictors of a higher knowledge score were pharmacy school attended, planned postgraduate training, completion of a clinical rotation in infectious diseases, perception of pharmacy school education as useful, use of resources to answer the knowledge questions, and use of Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines and smartphone applications as frequent resources for learning about antimicrobials. Pharmacy students perceive antimicrobial stewardship to be an important healthcare issue and desire more education on the subject. Student perceptions of antimicrobial coursework and actual antimicrobial knowledge scores significantly varied by the school of pharmacy attended. Sharing of best practices among institutions may enhance the preparation of future pharmacists to contribute to effective antimicrobial stewardship.
authors.affiliation: South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia.
authors.forename: Julie Ann
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Justo
authors.affiliation: Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
authors.forename: Timothy P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.affiliation: Midwestern University Chicago College of Pharmacy, Downers Grove, Illinois.
authors.forename: Marc H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Scheetz
authors.affiliation: Palm Beach Atlantic University Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, West Palm Beach, Florida.
authors.forename: Elias B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Chahine
authors.affiliation: South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia.
authors.forename: P Brandon
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Bookstaver
authors.affiliation: Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Jason C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.affiliation: Global Medical Affairs, Cubist Pharmaceuticals, Lexington, Massachusetts Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha.
authors.forename: Elizabeth D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Hermsen
authors.affiliation: Global Medical Affairs, Cubist Pharmaceuticals, Lexington, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Daryl D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: DePestel
authors.affiliation: University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, Iowa City.
authors.forename: Erika J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Ernst
authors.affiliation: University at Buffalo School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, New York.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.affiliation: Chicago State University College of Pharmacy, and.
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Esterly
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs, Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Katie J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Suda
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha.
authors.forename: Keith M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.affiliation: University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida.
authors.forename: Lilian M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Abbo
authors.affiliation: University of California San Francisco School of Pharmacy.
authors.forename: Conan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: MacDougall
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D057970:Inappropriate Prescribing; D008297:Male; D013339:Students, Pharmacy / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents
keywords: antimicrobial stewardship; education; pharmacist; pharmacy student; survey