title: Body mass index, physical activity, and serum markers of inflammation, immunity, and insulin resistance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidemiologic studies examining circulating levels of inflammatory markers in relation to obesity and physical inactivity may aid in our understanding of the role of inflammation in obesity-related cancers. However, previous studies on this topic have focused on a limited set of markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated associations between body mass index (BMI) and vigorous physical activity level, based on self-report, and serum levels of 78 inflammation-related markers. Markers were measured using a bead-based multiplex method among 1,703 men and women, ages 55-74 years, and with no prior history of cancer at blood draw, and selected for case-control studies nested within the Prostate, Lung, Ovarian, and Colorectal Cancer Screening Trial. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, smoking, case-control study, physical activity, and BMI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve markers were positively associated with BMI after FDR correction. ORs and 95% confidence interval (CI) for highest versus lowest levels of CCL2/MCP-1, CXCL5/ENA-78, sTNFRII, CXCL10/IP-10, CXCL6/GCP2, CCL13/MCP-4, amylin, CRP, C-peptide, CCL19/MIP-3b, insulin, and leptin were: 1.50 (1.14-1.98), 1.52 (1.12-2.05), 1.61 (1.17-2.20), 1.69 (1.25-2.28), 1.74 (1.24-2.44), 1.75 (1.22-2.50), 1.91 (1.31-2.78), 2.41 (1.36-4.25), 2.78 (1.83-4.24), 3.30 (2.28-4.78), 4.05 (2.51-6.55), and 50.03 (19.87-125.99) per 5 kg/m(2), respectively. Only CXCL12/SDF-1a was associated with physical activity (≥3 vs. <1 h/wk; OR, 3.28; 95% CI, 1.55-6.94) after FDR correction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BMI was associated with a wide range of circulating markers involved in the inflammatory response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This cross-sectional analysis identified serum markers could be considered in future studies aimed at understanding the underlying mechanisms linking inflammation with obesity and obesity-related cancers.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland. meinholdc@mail.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Cari M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kitahara
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Britton
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Trabert
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Hormuzd A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Katki
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Anil K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Chaturvedi
authors.affiliation: HPV Immunology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland.
authors.forename: Troy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.affiliation: HPV Immunology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland.
authors.forename: Ligia A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Steven C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Purdue
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wentzensen
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hildesheim
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Meredith S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Shiels
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers