title: Magnetic resonance imaging of shoulder arthroplasty: review article.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging evaluation of the painful failed shoulder arthroplasty is a useful imaging modality due to advancements in metal artifact reduction techniques, which allow assessment of the integrity of the supporting soft-tissue envelope and the implant.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The focus of this pictorial review is to illustrate the benefits of MR imaging, whether used alone or as an adjunct to other imaging modalities, in aiding the clinician in the complex decision making process.
  
  
  METHODS
  A PubMed (MEDLINE) search focusing on the complications and imaging assessment of shoulder arthroplasty was performed. Articles were selected for review based on their pertinence to the aforementioned topics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We discuss the ability of MR imaging to identify why a patient's arthroplasty may have failed. Specific causes including component loosening and implant failure, rotator cuff and deltoid integrity, infection, subtle fractures, and nerve pathology are reviewed, with illustrative sample images.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRI is a valuable tool in the assessment for pathology in the shoulder following arthroplasty.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA ; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021 USA.
authors.forename: O Kenechi
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Nwawka
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA ; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021 USA.
authors.forename: Gabrielle P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Konin
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA ; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021 USA.
authors.forename: Darryl B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Sneag
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA ; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021 USA.
authors.forename: Lawrence V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Gulotta
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA ; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021 USA.
authors.forename: Hollis G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Potter
keywords: MRI; multiacquisition variable-resonance image combination (MAVRIC); shoulder arthroplasty