title: Protective effects of Iranian Achillea wilhelmsii essential oil on acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress in rat liver.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch (Asteraceae) is widely used in Iranian traditional medicine.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This in vivo study evaluates the hepatoprotective role of Iranian A. wilhelmsii oils against acetaminophen-induced oxidative damages in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The animals were divided into five groups: in negative control and control groups, the DMSO and 500 mg/kg acetaminophen were i.p. injected, respectively. In treatment groups, 100 and 200 mg/kg oils and 10 mg/kg BHT were given i.p. immediately after acetaminophen administration. Then, the hepatic oxidative/antioxidant parameters such as lipid peroxidation (LP), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) were measured in time intervals (2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 h) after administrations confirmed by histophatological consideration at 24 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated that acetaminophen caused a significant elevation in SOD activity (8-24 h) and LP and FRAP levels (4 h) paralleled with significant decline in GSH level (4 and 8 h). The apparent oxidative injury was associated with evident hepatic necrosis confirmed in histological examination. The presences of A. wilhelmsii oils (100 and 200 mg/kg) with acetaminophen mitigated significantly the rise in SOD, LP, and FRAP levels and restored the GSH compared with the group treated with acetaminophen. These were confirmed by histological examination indicating the hepatic necrosis reversal by the oils.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be concluded that concomitant administration of A. wilhelmsii oils with acetaminophen may be useful in reversing the drug hepatotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University , Qom , Iran .
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dadkhah
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fatemi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alipour
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ghaderi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zolfaghari
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Razdan
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000633:toxicity*; D031162:Achillea / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D009822:Oils, Volatile; D000082:Acetaminophen
keywords: Antioxidant factors; drug toxicity; hepatoprotection; oxidative liver damage