title: Self-employed persons in Sweden - mortality differentials by industrial sector and enterprise legal form: a five-year follow-up study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated mortality differentials between self-employed persons in Sweden, considering industrial sector, enterprise characteristics and socio-demographic factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on 321,274 self-employed persons were obtained from population registers in Sweden. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare all-cause and cause-specific mortality rate ratios by industrial sector and enterprise legal form, adjusted for confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All-cause mortality was 10-32% higher in self-employed persons in Manufacturing and Mining, Trade and Communication, and Not Specified and Other sectors than in Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing. Mortality from cardiovascular disease was 23% higher in Trade and Communication, and from neoplasms 17-51% higher in Manufacturing and Mining, Not Specified, and Other. Mortality from suicide was 45-60% lower in Personal and Cultural Services, and in Not Specified. Mortality was 8-16% higher in sole proprietorship than limited partnership.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further research of working conditions is warranted, considering industry and enterprise legal form.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toivanen
authors.forename: Christin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mellner
authors.forename: Stig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vinberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000401:mortality; D004651:Employment / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D009790:Occupations / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013405:Suicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Cox proportional hazards model; cardiovascular disease; cohort study; entrepreneur; epidemiology; gender; health; limited partnership; mortality; neoplasm; sole proprietorship; suicide; working conditions