title: Azacitidine and lenalidomide as an alternative treatment for refractory acute myeloid leukemia: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a difficult disease to control with second or third-line chemotherapy regimens. In this report, we describe using azacitidine in combination with lenalidomide as salvage therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  52-year-old female was diagnosed with refractory AML and high-risk cytogenetics: complex monosomal karyotype consisting of t (3, 3) in association with monosomy 7 and del 5q. Morphological remission associated with maintenance of the cytogenetic abnormality of chromosome 3 and disappearance of the abnormalities relating to chromosomes 5 and 7 was achieved after three cycles of combination therapy with azacitidine and lenalidomide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Azacitidine plus lenalidomide can be a therapeutic option for patients with refractory AML, as illustrated in this case.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina do ABC (FMABC), Santo André, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Todaro
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina do ABC (FMABC), Santo André, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrícia Weinschenker
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Bollmann
authors.affiliation: Institute of Education and Research, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edna Terezinha
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Rother
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina do ABC (FMABC), Santo André, Brazil.
authors.forename: Auro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: del Giglio
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001374:Azacitidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077269:Lenalidomide; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D013792:Thalidomide; D000077269:Lenalidomide; D001374:Azacitidine