title: Subretinal fluid is common in experimental non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) is an important cause of acute vision loss for which several animal models exist. It has been associated with subretinal fluid in a previous study on patients but not yet so in animal models.
  
  
  METHODS
  A patient presented with acute non-arteritic AION (NAION) and underwent ophthalmic evaluation and testing including fluorescein angiography and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). On the basis of the patient's findings, we used SD-OCT circular and volume scans to analyze retinal changes in a murine model of NAION.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One week after left eye vision loss, the patient had clinical and imaging findings consistent with NAION. On SD-OCT, there was prominent peripapillary retinal thickening consistent with intra-retinal edema and sub-foveolar fluid. Inspired by the findings in human AION, we looked for similar changes in murine NAION using SD-OCT. The circular scan did not adequately detect the presence of subretinal fluid. Using the 25-line scan, which covered a larger part of the posterior pole, we found that 100% of murine AION resulted in subretinal fluid at day 1. The subretinal fluid resolved by week 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study detailed a case of clinical NAION associated with intra-retinal and subretinal fluid. We also found that subretinal fluid was common in murine photochemical thrombosis model of AION and could be found far away from the optic disc.
authors.affiliation: Byers Eye Institute at Stanford, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Byers Eye Institute at Stanford, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Byers Eye Institute at Stanford, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Liao
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001167:Arteritis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000473:pathology; D018917:Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010211:Papilledema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012395:Rose Bengal / Q000633:toxicity; D058471:Subretinal Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014794:Visual Fields
chemical_list: D012395:Rose Bengal