title: Characteristics of nonylphenol and bisphenol A accumulation by fish and implications for ecological and human health.
abstract: Fish populations constitute an important part of aquatic ecosystems. Thus, their accumulation of nonylphenol (NP) and bisphenol A (BPA) may pose risks to ecosystems and human health. This study analyzed the concentrations of NP and BPA in four types of fishes (i.e., wild/farmed freshwater fishes and wild/farmed marine fishes). Wild freshwater fishes contained higher concentrations of NP and BPA than the other three types of fishes. The concentrations of NP in the wild freshwater fishes ranged from 1.01 to 277 μg/kg ww, with bioconcentration factors (BCFs) and biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) ranging from 74.0 to 2.60 × 10(4)L/kg and from 0.003 to 18.3, respectively. The wild freshwater fishes contained relatively low amounts of BPA, varying from ND to 25.2 μg/kg ww, with the BCFs and BSAFs ranging from 1.00 to 274L/kg and from 0.003 to 3.40, respectively. Five fish species particularly showed high BCFs and BSAFs, indicating that they could be an important source of NP for higher trophic levels, most likely resulting in ecological risks. The demersal fishes showed a greater ability to accumulate NP than the pelagic ones. The fact that the 95th percentile values of the risk quotient (RQ) for NP and BPA were higher than the acceptable threshold indicated that these two compounds would have adverse effects on aquatic organisms in Taiwanese rivers. The consumption of wild marine fishes had the highest 95th percentile values of hazard quotient (HQ) for NP and BPA among the four types of fishes, particularly for the population aged 0-3 years. However, the 95th percentile values of HQ for NP and BPA were all less than 1, suggesting that exposure to NP and BPA through fish consumption posed no remarkable risk to human health in Taiwan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan 704, Taiwan; Research Center of Environmental Trace Toxic Substances, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Chang
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ling-Ying
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chung-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Environmental Trace Toxic Substances, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Environmental Trace Toxic Substances, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chung-Feng
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Normal University, 62, Shen-Chung Road, Yanchao, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan. Electronic address: cjtien@nknu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chien-Jung
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Tien
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D013624:Taiwan; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D010636:Phenols; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C025256:nonylphenol; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Bioconcentration factor; Biota–sediment accumulation factor; Bisphenol A; Fish; Hazard quotient; Nonylphenol