title: Chemical and antihyperglycemic activity changes of ginseng pectin induced by heat processing.
abstract: Six pectic polysaccharides were obtained from white ginseng (GPW-1 and GPW-2), red ginseng (GPR-1 and GPR-2, steamed ginseng at 100°C) and steamed ginseng (GPS-1 and GPS-2, steamed ginseng at 120°C) by combination of water extraction, ion-exchange and gel permeation chromatographies. Based on the data from monosaccharide composition and (13)C NMR analysis, GPW-1, GPR-1 and GPS-1 were identified as type-I rhamnogalacturonan (RG-I)-rich pectins, GPW-2, GPR-2 and GPS-2 were homogalacturonan (HG)-rich pectins with different degrees of methyl-esterification. Remarkably, GalA increased with the increase of processing temperatures in these six fractions, which might be caused by the transformation of esterified GalA into un-esterified form during heat processing. In vivo animal experiments showed that GPs exhibited significant antiohyperglycemic and antioxidant activities in alloxan-induced diabetic mice, and the effects increased with the processing temperature, with the most potent activity in GPS.
authors.affiliation: Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jingyue Economic Development Zone, 1035, Boshuo Road, Changchun 130117, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jingyue Economic Development Zone, 1035, Boshuo Road, Changchun 130117, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jingyue Economic Development Zone, 1035, Boshuo Road, Changchun 130117, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Mingzhu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jingyue Economic Development Zone, 1035, Boshuo Road, Changchun 130117, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jingyue Economic Development Zone, 1035, Boshuo Road, Changchun 130117, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jingyue Economic Development Zone, 1035, Boshuo Road, Changchun 130117, Jilin Province, China; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China. Electronic address: syliu@ciac.jl.cn.
authors.forename: Shuying
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D010368:Pectins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; C042491:rhamnogalacturonan I; D010368:Pectins; C003181:polygalacturonic acid
keywords: Antioxidant activity; Atiohyperglycemic effect; Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer; Pectic polysaccharides; Processing temperature