title: Clinical prognostic biomarkers in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia are 2 of the most common B-cell lymphomas in adults. Both diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia share heterogeneous outcomes, and the use of prognostic biomarkers to better stratify risk in these patients has now become commonplace.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review chronic lymphocytic leukemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma biomarkers commonly used in the clinical laboratory, which can be divided into the following 3 main groups by testing methodology: chromosomal based (including fluorescence in situ hybridization and cytogenetics), expression based (including immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry), and DNA based (including gene sequencing for somatic mutations and IGVH mutational status).
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of recent literature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In chronic lymphocytic leukemia, important biomarkers include expression of CD38 and ZAP-70, IGVH mutational status, somatic mutations in TP53 and NOTCH1, and abnormalities in chromosomes 11, 12, 13q, and 17. In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, important biomarkers include chromosomal rearrangement of BCL2, BCL6, and MYC and expression of CD5, BCL2, and CD43, as well as somatic mutations in TP53 and BCL6.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: Elizabeth C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Chastain
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Duncavage
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D003582:Cytogenetics; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D016403:Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D011379:Prognosis; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor