title: Prognostic implications of conversion from nonshockable to shockable rhythms in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prognostic significance of conversion from nonshockable to shockable rhythms in patients with initial nonshockable rhythms who experience out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains unclear. We hypothesized that the neurological outcomes in those patients would improve with subsequent shock delivery following conversion to shockable rhythms and that the time from initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation by emergency medical services personnel to the first defibrillation (shock delivery time) would influence those outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the data of 569,937 OHCA adults with initial nonshockable rhythms. The data were collected in a nationwide Utstein-style Japanese database between 2005 and 2010. Patients were divided into subsequently shocked (n =21,944) and subsequently not-shocked (n =547,993) cohorts. The primary study endpoint was 1-month favorable neurological outcome (Cerebral Performance Categories scale, category 1 or 2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the subsequently shocked cohort, the ratio of 1-month favorable neurological outcome was significantly higher than that in the subsequently not-shocked cohort (1.79% versus 0.60%, P <0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis for 11 prehospital variables revealed that when the shock delivery time was less than 20 minutes, subsequent shock delivery was significantly associated with increased odds of 1-month favorable neurological outcomes (adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval), 6.55 (5.21 to 8.22) and 2.97 (2.58 to 3.43) for shock delivery times less than 10 minutes and from 10 to 19 minutes, respectively). However, when the shock delivery time was more than or equal to 20 minutes, subsequent shock delivery was not associated with increased odds of 1-month favorable neurological outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with an initial nonshockable rhythm after OHCA, subsequent conversion to shockable rhythms during emergency medical services resuscitation efforts was associated with increased odds of 1-month favorable neurological outcomes when the shock delivery time was less than 20 minutes.
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakatsu-Goto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D004554:Electric Countershock; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058687:Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013566:Sympathomimetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D013566:Sympathomimetics; D004837:Epinephrine