title: Synthesis and flocculation properties of gum ghatti and poly(acrylamide-co-acrylonitrile) based biodegradable hydrogels.
abstract: This article reports the development of biodegradable flocculants based on graft co-polymers of gum ghatti (Gg) and a mixture of acrylamide and acrylonitrile co-monomers (AAm-co-AN). The hydrogel polymer exhibited an excellent swelling capacity of 921% in neutral medium at 60°C. The polymer was used to remove saline water from various petroleum fraction-saline water emulsions. The flocculation characteristics of the hydrogel polymer were studied in turbid kaolin solution as a function of the amount of polymer and the solution temperature and pH. Biodegradation studies of hydrogel polymer were conducted using the soil composting method, and the degradation process was constantly monitored using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. The results demonstrated an 89.47% degradation of the polymer after 60 days. Finally, the hydrogel polymer adsorbed 98% of cationic dyes from the aqueous solutions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; DST/CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. Electronic address: mittal.hemant5@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hemant
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar 144011, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Rajeev
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jindal
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar 144011, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Balbir Singh
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kaith
authors.affiliation: DST/CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
authors.forename: Arjun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maity
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; DST/CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. Electronic address: rsuprakas@csir.co.za.
authors.forename: Suprakas Sinha
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ray
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D000181:Acrylonitrile / Q000737:chemistry*; D000327:Adsorption; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D053149:Plant Gums / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D000099166:Polyacrylamides
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000181:Acrylonitrile; D020100:Hydrogels; D053149:Plant Gums; D011108:Polymers; D000099166:Polyacrylamides; C015253:gum ghatti
keywords: Adsorption; Biodegradation; Flocculation; Gum ghatti; Hydrogel; Swelling