title: Long term effects of neonatal hypoglycaemia on pancreatic function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Low blood glucose in neonates predisposes to long term pancreatic damage. We focused on evaluating long term consequences of neonatal hypoglycaemia in pancreatic functions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pancreatic function was analysed by measuring DNA/protein synthesis, glucose/ATP uptake in vitro. Gene expression of Pdx1, NeuroD1, Pax4, Bax, caspase 3, Beclin1 were done. Muscarinic receptors were analysed by radio receptor assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall pancreatic efficiency was reduced in one-month-old rats exposed to neonatal hypoglycaemia as indicated by decreased DNA/protein synthesis and glucose/ATP uptake in vitro. Both Pdx1 and Neuro D1 expression were significantly down-regulated whereas Pax4 was up-regulated. Up-regulated Bax, caspase 3 and beclin1 along with reduced muscarinic receptors accounts for activation of cell death pathways.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study revealed a drastic reduction in pancreatic functions along with activation of apoptotic factors in one month old rats exposed to neonatal hypoglycaemia.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neurobiology and Cell Biology Unit, Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology , Cochin-682022, Kerala , India.
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Anju
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Paulose
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000071186:Beclin-1; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010179:Pancreas / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D000071186:Beclin-1; D001786:Blood Glucose; D053148:Caspase 3; D004247:DNA; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D015534:Trans-Activators; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C512829:Becn1 protein, rat; C490555:Neurod1 protein, rat; C491708:Pax4 protein, rat; C084010:pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 protein; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat
keywords: Caspase 3; Neurod1; Pax4; Pdx1; muscarinic receptors