title: Peripheral antioxidant markers are associated with total hippocampal and CA3/dentate gyrus volume in MDD and healthy controls-preliminary findings.
abstract: Several psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), are associated with increased blood markers of oxidative stress. The relevance of this to the oxidation-sensitive hippocampus (HC) is unknown. We investigated the relationship between peripheral oxidative stress markers and HC volume in unmedicated individuals with MDD (n=16) and healthy controls (n=19). To conserve power, our primary analysis was carried out in the combined group of subjects, and secondary analyses examined each group separately. Oxidative stress markers (oxidized glutathione (GSSG)) and antioxidants (reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), and Vitamin C) were assessed, and a "total net antioxidant score" was calculated. 4-T MRI estimated total HC volume and HC subfield (CA1, CA1-CA2 transition zone, subiculum and CA3/dentate gyrus [CA3&DG]) volumes. Across groups, the antioxidant score was significantly and positively correlated with total HC volume and CA3&DG subfield volume (normalized to total intracranial volume), adjusting for age and sex. Similar relationships were observed in each individual group but missed statistical significance, likely due to type II errors, with the exception of a significant correlation between the antioxidant score and CA3&DG volume in the MDD group. These preliminary data are consistent with oxidative stress being associated with smaller total HC and CA3&DG subfield volumes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Clinical Sciences, Section for Psychiatry, Lund University, Baravägen 1, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden. Electronic address: Daniel.Lindqvist@med.lu.se.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lindqvist
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, United States; San Francisco Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.affiliation: Department of OB-GYN and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Synthia H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Mellon
authors.affiliation: SilverCreek Technologies, Gilbert, AZ, United States.
authors.forename: Yali
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Elissa S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Epel
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Victor I
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Reus
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rosser
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mahan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States; San Francisco Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States.
authors.forename: R Scott
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Mackin
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Tony T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Owen M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Wolkowitz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D056654:CA3 Region, Hippocampal / Q000473:pathology; D018891:Dentate Gyrus / Q000473:pathology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Aging; Glutathione; Hippocampus; Oxidative Stress; Subfields; Vitamin C