title: Geographic variation in the eukaryotic virome of human diarrhea.
abstract: Little is known about the population of eukaryotic viruses in the human gut ("virome") or the potential role it may play in disease. We used a metagenomic approach to define and compare the eukaryotic viromes in pediatric diarrhea cohorts from two locations (Melbourne and Northern Territory, Australia). We detected viruses known to cause diarrhea, non-pathogenic enteric viruses, viruses not associated with an enteric reservoir, viruses of plants, and novel viruses. Viromes from Northern Territory children contained more viral families per sample than viromes from Melbourne, which could be attributed largely to an increased number of sequences from the families Adenoviridae and Picornaviridae (genus enterovirus). qRT-PCR/PCR confirmed the increased prevalence of adenoviruses and enteroviruses. Testing of additional diarrhea cohorts by qRT-PCR/PCR demonstrated statistically different prevalences in different geographic sites. These findings raise the question of whether the virome plays a role in enteric diseases and conditions that vary with geography.
authors.affiliation: Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis, MO, USA. Electronic address: Holtz_l@kids.wustl.edu.
authors.forename: Lori R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Holtz
authors.affiliation: Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, St. Louis, MO, USA. Electronic address: scao@path.wustl.edu.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, St. Louis, MO, USA. Electronic address: GZhao@pathology.wustl.edu.
authors.forename: Guoyan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology, St. Louis, MO, USA. Electronic address: Bauer_I@kids.wustl.edu.
authors.forename: Irma K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.affiliation: University of Washington, Department of Global Health, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address: ddenno@u.washington.edu.
authors.forename: Donna M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Denno
authors.affiliation: University of Washington, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address: eileen.klein@seattlechildrens.org.
authors.forename: Eileen J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Unit, Gambia. Electronic address: mantonio@mrc.gm.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antonio
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: ostin001@umaryland.edu.
authors.forename: O Colin
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Stine
authors.affiliation: Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory, Australia; Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Australia. Electronic address: tsnelling@ichr.uwa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Snelling
authors.affiliation: Enteric Virus Research Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children׳s Hospital, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: carl.kirkwood@mcri.edu.au.
authors.forename: Carl D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Kirkwood
authors.affiliation: Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, St. Louis, MO, USA; Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology, St. Louis, MO, USA. Electronic address: davewang@wustl.edu.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004267:DNA Viruses / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005714:Gambia / Q000453:epidemiology; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012328:RNA Viruses / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D014861:Washington / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: Diarrhea; Metagenomics; Virome