title: Effect of race and marital status on mothers' observed parenting and adolescent adjustment in youth with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine demographic differences in parenting behaviors and adjustment in youth with type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adolescents' psychosocial adjustment was assessed via self-reports and parent reports, and clinical data were obtained from adolescents' medical records. Mother-adolescent dyads (N = 93) engaged in a videotaped discussion task, which was coded for observed parenting behaviors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Single and non-White mothers exhibited significantly more overinvolved and less collaborative parenting behaviors. Higher levels of overinvolved parenting and lower levels of collaborative parenting were associated with poorer adolescent adjustment (i.e., higher levels of externalizing problems). Observed parenting was not significantly associated with glycemic control. There was an indirect effect of marital status and race/ethnicity on externalizing behaviors through parenting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study highlights parenting as a potential target for interventions, especially in single and minority mothers, to improve adjustment in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, School of Nursing, Yale University, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami jadienne.h.lord@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Jadienne H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lord
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, School of Nursing, Yale University, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami.
authors.forename: Mackenzie T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, School of Nursing, Yale University, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami.
authors.forename: Meredith A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gruhn
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, School of Nursing, Yale University, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grey
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, School of Nursing, Yale University, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami.
authors.forename: Alan M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Delamater
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, School of Nursing, Yale University, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami.
authors.forename: Sarah S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Jaser
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status / Q000208:ethnology*; D009034:Mother-Child Relations / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology*; D016487:Parenting / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology*; D057566:Self Report; D012917:Social Adjustment; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: adjustment; adolescent; observational methods; parenting; type 1 diabetes