title: Effects of Static Magnetic Fields on the Visual Cortex: reversible Visual Deficits and Reduction of Neuronal Activity.
abstract: Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques have been successfully used to modulate brain activity, have become a highly useful tool in basic and clinical research and, recently, have attracted increased attention due to their putative use as a method for neuro-enhancement. In this scenario, transcranial static magnetic stimulation (SMS) of moderate strength might represent an affordable, simple, and complementary method to other procedures, such as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation or direct current stimulation, but its mechanisms and effects are not thoroughly understood. In this study, we show that static magnetic fields applied to visual cortex of awake primates cause reversible deficits in a visual detection task. Complementary experiments in anesthetized cats show that the visual deficits are a consequence of a strong reduction in neural activity. These results demonstrate that SMS is able to effectively modulate neuronal activity and could be considered to be a tool to be used for different purposes ranging from experimental studies to clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience and Motor Control Group, NEUROcom, Department of Medicine, University of Coruna and Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruna (INIBIC), Campus de Oza, 15006 Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aguila
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience and Motor Control Group, NEUROcom, Department of Medicine, University of Coruna and Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruna (INIBIC), Campus de Oza, 15006 Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cudeiro
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience and Motor Control Group, NEUROcom, Department of Medicine, University of Coruna and Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruna (INIBIC), Campus de Oza, 15006 Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: Casto
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rivadulla
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010243:Paralysis; D011930:Reaction Time; D013997:Time Factors; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D014851:Wakefulness
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine
keywords: neuroenhancement; neurostimulation; static magnetic field