title: Dual regulating effects of gastrodin on extracellular dopamine concentration in rats models of Tourette's syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate the dual regulating effects of gastrodin on striatal extracellular dopamine (DA) concentration in Tourette's syndrome (TS) rat models, and explore the underlying pharmacological mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group and TS model group. The former was intraperitoneally injected with saline (0.9%), while in the later, the rats were injected with Apomorphine (Apo) and 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) respectively to manipulate two kinds of TS rat models. Both Apo and IDPN induced rats were further assigned to three conditions, and the related rats were treated respectively by oral gavage with saline, gastrodin and Haloperidol (Hal). Data of stereotypy of the rats were collected. After 8 weeks, the extracellular content of DA and HVA in striatum were examined by intracerebral microdialysis and follow-up high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the expression of dopamine transporter (DAT) was probed by Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gastrodin improved the stereotyped behaviors in TS rats. Furthermore, it down-regulated the elevated striatal extracellular DA concentration in Apo-induced rats and up-regulated the decreased DA content in the rats exposed to IDPN. Meanwhile, a dramatic down-regulation was detected in DAT protein expression in Apo + GAS group, while an opposite profile was showed in the IDPN + GAS group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The dual regulating effects of gastrodin on extracellular DA level have been established, and the related mechanisms would be the dual regulating effects of gastrodin on the expression of DAT, a glycoprotein in the regulation of the extracellular DA concentration.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University , Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Anyuan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001058:Apomorphine; D001592:Benzyl Alcohols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000494:pharmacology; D006719:Homovanillic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009570:Nitriles; D051381:Rats; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001592:Benzyl Alcohols; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D005960:Glucosides; D009570:Nitriles; C008110:3,3'-iminodipropionitrile; C045345:gastrodin; D006220:Haloperidol; D001058:Apomorphine; D004298:Dopamine; D006719:Homovanillic Acid
keywords: Tourette's syndrome; alternative treatment; dopamine; dopamine transporter; grastrodin; microdialysis