title: Mosquito magnet® liberty plus trap baited with octenol confirmed best candidate for Anopheles surveillance and proved promising in predicting risk of malaria transmission in French Guiana.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In French Guiana, Mosquito Magnet® Liberty Plus trap baited with octenol (MMoct) has been proposed for sampling Anopheles darlingi after comparison with CDC light trap and Human landing catch (HLC). However, other available lures were not tested. The current study compared MMoct and MM baited with Lurex™ (MMlur) to HLC, and analysed entomological data from MMoct collection with malaria cases to facilitate malaria surveillance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two independent experiments were conducted during 2012 and 2013 in Saint-Georges town, French Guiana. The first experiment used Latin square design to compare MMoct and MMlur to HLC between 18:30 to 22:30 and 05:00 to 07:00. Parity rate was determined for An. darlingi from each sampling system. In the second experiment, a 24:00 hour collection was done for four consecutive days during the first week of each month and every four days for the rest of the month using MMoct. Portion of the 24 hour collection was dissected for parity rate. All anophelines were screened for Plasmodium infection by PCR. Data for number of malaria cases was analysed for association with density of An. darlingi.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first experiment, 3,721 anopheline mosquitoes were collected over 21 nights. Of these, 95.7% was identified morphologically to five species and An. darlingi contributed 98.4%, mainly from HLC (75.1%, CI 95% [73.2-77.0]) than MMoct (14.1%, CI 95% [12.6-15.7]) and MMlur (10.8%, CI 95% [9.4-12.2]). Species richness was highest in HLC meanwhile species diversity index was greatest in MMoct. MMoct collected more parous An. darlingi than HLC (p<0.0001) and MMlur (p=0.0021). The second experiment amounted to 2035 females, 60.8% belonging to 10 species. Anopheles darlingi constituted 85.0% of the species and had parity rate of 52.3%. Specimens were uninfected with Plasmodium. Density of An. darlingi best correlated with malaria cases observed six weeks later (p=0.0016; r=0.4774).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Though MMoct and MMlur performed well in sampling An. darlingi, MMoct captured more species and, therefore, would be useful for surveillance. Even if it collected mostly parous mosquitoes, MMoct proved useful in collecting entomological data required for predicting malaria emergence. It is a potential replacement for HLC.
authors.affiliation: Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 Avenue Pasteur, BP 6010, 97306 Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana. vsambumuh@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Samuel B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Vezenegho
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adde
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gaborit
authors.forename: Romuald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carinci
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Issaly
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pommier de Santi
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dusfour
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Briolant
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Girod
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D005260:Female; D005616:French Guiana / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008288:Malaria / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission*; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D000442:Octanols
chemical_list: D000442:Octanols; C038844:1-octen-3-ol