title: Depressive symptoms and inductive reasoning performance: findings from the ACTIVE reasoning training intervention.
abstract: Within the context of the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly study (ACTIVE; Ball et al., 2002; Jobe et al., 2001; Willis et al., 2006), we examined the longitudinal association of baseline depressive symptoms on inductive reasoning performance over a 10-year period between the reasoning training and control conditions (N = 1,375). At baseline, 322 participants (23%) reported elevated depressive symptoms, defined by a score ≥9 on the 12-item version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D; Mirowsky & Ross, 2003; Radloff, 1977). Differences in baseline depressive status were not associated with immediate posttraining gains or with subsequent annual change in reasoning performance, suggesting that the presence of elevated baseline depressive symptoms does not impact the ability to benefit from reasoning training.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Jeanine M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Parisi
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Mary Kathryn
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Franchetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
authors.forename: George W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Rebok
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Adam P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Spira
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Michelle C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington.
authors.forename: Sherry L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Alden L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Gross
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008128:Logic; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013850:Thinking / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors