title: Factors influencing initial cup stability in total hip arthroplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One of the main goals in total hip replacement is to preserve the integrity of the hip kinematics, by well positioning the cup and to make sure its initial stability is congruent and attained. Achieving the latter is not trivial.
  
  
  METHODS
  A finite element model of the cup-bone interface simulating a realistic insertion and analysis of different scenarios of cup penetration, insertion, under-reaming and loading is investigated to determine certain measurable factors sensitivity to stress-strain outcome. The insertion force during hammering and its relation to the cup penetration during implantation is also investigated with the goal of determining the initial stability of the acetabular cup during total hip arthroplasty. The mathematical model was run in various configurations to simulate 1 and 2mm of under-reaming at various imposed insertion distances to mimic hammering and insertion of cup insertion into the pelvis. Surface contact and micromotion at the cup-bone interface were evaluated after simulated cup insertion and post-operative loading conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results suggest a direct correlation between under-reaming and insertion force used to insert the acetabular cup on the micromotion and fixation at the cup-bone interface.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While increased under-reaming and insertion force result in an increase amount of stability at the interface, approximately the same percentage of surface contact and micromotion reduction can be achieved with less insertion force. We need to exercise caution to determine the optimal configuration which achieves a good conformity without approaching the yield strength for bone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: amirouch@uic.edu.
authors.forename: Farid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Amirouche
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Solitro
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Broviak
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Illinois Bone and Joint Institute, Morton Grove, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Riad
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barmada
mesh_terms: D000077:Acetabulum / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000379:methods*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006622:Hip Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011475:Prosthesis Failure / Q000209:etiology; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
keywords: Cup fixation; Finite element analysis; Interface conformity; Micromotion; Total hip replacement