title: Social media and disasters: a functional framework for social media use in disaster planning, response, and research.
abstract: A comprehensive review of online, official, and scientific literature was carried out in 2012-13 to develop a framework of disaster social media. This framework can be used to facilitate the creation of disaster social media tools, the formulation of disaster social media implementation processes, and the scientific study of disaster social media effects. Disaster social media users in the framework include communities, government, individuals, organisations, and media outlets. Fifteen distinct disaster social media uses were identified, ranging from preparing and receiving disaster preparedness information and warnings and signalling and detecting disasters prior to an event to (re)connecting community members following a disaster. The framework illustrates that a variety of entities may utilise and produce disaster social media content. Consequently, disaster social media use can be conceptualised as occurring at a number of levels, even within the same disaster. Suggestions are provided on how the proposed framework can inform future disaster social media development and research.
authors.affiliation: PhD is Assistant Professor and Co-Director of the Terrorism and Disaster Center, Department of Communication, University of Missouri, United States.
authors.forename: J Brian
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Houston
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hawthorne
authors.forename: Mildred F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Perreault
authors.forename: Eun Hae
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Marlo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goldstein Hode
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Halliwell
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Turner McGowen
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Shivani
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vaid
authors.forename: Jonathan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McElderry
authors.forename: Stanford A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Griffith
mesh_terms: D003142:Communication; D004189:Disaster Planning / Q000458:organization & administration; D004190:Disasters; D006801:Humans; D012066:Relief Work / Q000458:organization & administration; D012106:Research / Q000458:organization & administration; D061108:Social Media / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: communication; crisis; disaster; social media; technology