title: Persistent luminescence strontium aluminate nanoparticles as reporters in lateral flow assays.
abstract: Demand for highly sensitive, robust diagnostics and environmental monitoring methods has led to extensive research in improving reporter technologies. Inorganic phosphorescent materials exhibiting persistent luminescence are commonly found in electroluminescent displays and glowing paints but are not widely used as reporters in diagnostic assays. Persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) offer advantages over conventional photoluminescent probes, including the potential for enhanced sensitivity by collecting time-resolved measurements or images with decreased background autofluorescence while eliminating the need for expensive optical hardware, superior resistance to photobleaching, amenability to quantitation, and facile bioconjugation schemes. We isolated rare-earth doped strontium aluminate PLNPs from larger-particle commercial materials by wet milling and differential sedimentation and water-stabilized the particles by silica encapsulation using a modified Stöber process. Surface treatment with aldehyde silane followed by reductive amination with heterobifunctional amine-poly(ethylene glycol)-carboxyl allowed covalent attachment of proteins to the particles using standard carbodiimide chemistry. NeutrAvidin PLNPs were used in lateral flow assays (LFAs) with biotinylated lysozyme as a model analyte in buffer and monoclonal anti-lysozyme HyHEL-5 antibodies at the test line. Preliminary experiments revealed a limit of detection below 100 pg/mL using the NeutrAvidin PLNPs, which was approximately an order of magnitude more sensitive than colloidal gold.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77004, United States.
authors.forename: Andrew S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Paterson
authors.forename: Balakrishnan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Raja
authors.forename: Gavin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Garvey
authors.forename: Arati
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kolhatkar
authors.forename: Anna E V
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Hagström
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kourentzi
authors.forename: T Randall
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Willson
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000737:chemistry; D001360:Avidin / Q000737:chemistry; D001681:Biological Assay; D001710:Biotin / Q000737:chemistry; D019921:Biotinylation; D002234:Carbodiimides / Q000737:chemistry; D002645:Chickens; D017979:Gold Colloid / Q000737:chemistry; D057230:Limit of Detection; D049449:Luminescence; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009113:Muramidase / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D013324:Strontium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002234:Carbodiimides; D017979:Gold Colloid; D001360:Avidin; D001710:Biotin; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D000535:Aluminum; D009113:Muramidase; D013324:Strontium