title: Optimization of ionic liquid based simultaneous ultrasonic- and microwave-assisted extraction of rutin and quercetin from leaves of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) by response surface methodology.
abstract: An ionic liquids based simultaneous ultrasonic and microwave assisted extraction (ILs-UMAE) method has been proposed for the extraction of rutin (RU), quercetin (QU), from velvetleaf leaves. The influential parameters of the ILs-UMAE were optimized by the single factor and the central composite design (CCD) experiments. A 2.00 M 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C4mim]Br) was used as the experimental ionic liquid, extraction temperature 60°C, extraction time 12 min, liquid-solid ratio 32 mL/g, microwave power of 534 W, and a fixed ultrasonic power of 50 W. Compared to conventional heating reflux extraction (HRE), the RU and QU extraction yields obtained by ILs-UMAE were, respectively, 5.49 mg/g and 0.27 mg/g, which increased, respectively, 2.01-fold and 2.34-fold with the recoveries that were in the range of 97.62-102.36% for RU and 97.33-102.21% for QU with RSDs lower than 3.2% under the optimized UMAE conditions. In addition, the shorter extraction time was used in ILs-UMAE, compared with HRE. Therefore, ILs-UMAE was a rapid and an efficient method for the extraction of RU and QU from the leaves of velvetleaf.
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China ; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Chunjian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Zhicheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Chunying
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1583-6436
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Kunming
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Yujie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Yuangang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zu
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D019660:Malvaceae; D008872:Microwaves; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018515:Plant Leaves; D011794:Quercetin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012431:Rutin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014465:Ultrasonics / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D052578:Ionic Liquids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012431:Rutin; D011794:Quercetin