title: A new method for feedback on the quality of chest compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
abstract: Quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) improves through the use of CPR feedback devices. Most feedback devices integrate the acceleration twice to estimate compression depth. However, they use additional sensors or processing techniques to compensate for large displacement drifts caused by integration. This study introduces an accelerometer-based method that avoids integration by using spectral techniques on short duration acceleration intervals. We used a manikin placed on a hard surface, a sternal triaxial accelerometer, and a photoelectric distance sensor (gold standard). Twenty volunteers provided 60 s of continuous compressions to test various rates (80-140 min(-1)), depths (3-5 cm), and accelerometer misalignment conditions. A total of 320 records with 35312 compressions were analysed. The global root-mean-square errors in rate and depth were below 1.5 min(-1) and 2 mm for analysis intervals between 2 and 5 s. For 3 s analysis intervals the 95% levels of agreement between the method and the gold standard were within -1.64-1.67 min(-1) and -1.69-1.72 mm, respectively. Accurate feedback on chest compression rate and depth is feasible applying spectral techniques to the acceleration. The method avoids additional techniques to compensate for the integration displacement drift, improving accuracy, and simplifying current accelerometer-based devices.
authors.affiliation: Communications Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Alameda Urquijo S/N, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Digna M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: González-Otero
authors.affiliation: Communications Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Alameda Urquijo S/N, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Communications Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Alameda Urquijo S/N, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Sofía
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruiz de Gauna
authors.affiliation: Communications Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Alameda Urquijo S/N, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Unai
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Irusta
authors.affiliation: Communications Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Alameda Urquijo S/N, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Unai
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ayala
authors.affiliation: Communications Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Alameda Urquijo S/N, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1796-6704
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alonso
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000193:education* / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D006801:Humans; D008348:Manikins; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted