title: Comparison of brain gray and white matter macromolecule resonances at 3 and 7 Tesla.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In proton MR spectra of the human brain, relatively broad macromolecule (MM) resonances underlie the narrower signals from metabolites. The purpose of this study was to quantify the MM profile in healthy human brain at 3T and 7T, both in gray matter (anterior cingulate cortex [ACC]) and white matter (centrum semiovale [CSO]).
  
  
  METHODS
  A water-suppressed, inversion-recovery pulse sequence was used to null metabolite signals and acquire MM spectra in 20 healthy volunteers using very similar methodology at both field strengths (n = 5 per region and field). The MM spectra were fitted with multiple Gaussian functions and quantified relative to the unsuppressed water signal from the same volume.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MM proton concentration values were in the range of 5-20 mmol/kg. No significant differences were found between the MM proton concentration measurements by region (P ≈ 0.8) nor by field strength (P ≈ 0.5). Linewidths of the well-resolved M1 peak were slightly more than double at 7T (43.0 ± 4.7 Hz in ACC, 45.6 ± 4.1 Hz in CSO) compared with 3T (19.8 ± 3.5 Hz in ACC, 20.0 ± 4.3 Hz in CSO).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The absence of differences in MM concentrations between white and gray matter implies that a single MM "baseline" may be adequate for spectral fitting of multiple brain regions when determining metabolite concentrations. Visibility of MM signals is similar at 3T and 7T.
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.|F.M. Kirby Research Center, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Karim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Snoussi
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.|F.M. Kirby Research Center, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gillen
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.|F.M. Kirby Research Center, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Alena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Horska
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.|F.M. Kirby Research Center, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Nicolaas A J
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Puts
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.|F.M. Kirby Research Center, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Subechhya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pradhan
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.|F.M. Kirby Research Center, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Richard A E
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Edden
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.|F.M. Kirby Research Center, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Barker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male
keywords: 7 Tesla; brain; in vivo 1H MRS; macromolecular baseline; macromolecules