title: A calix[2]triazole[2]arene-based fluorescent chemosensor for probing the copper trafficking pathway in Wilson's disease.
abstract: A pyrenyl-appended calix[2]triazole[2]arene displaying excellent selectivity for Cu(2+) over other metal ions in pyrenyl excimer emission changes was synthesized. The binding mode with Cu(2+) was supported through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Fluorescence imaging demonstrates that this new copper sensor is capable of detecting intracellular copper in living cells. Furthermore, through colocalization of the probe with organelle trackers as a function of time, it was observed that copper initially accumulates in lysosomes and then decreases. These results provide evidence for a close relationship between copper and lysosomes in Wilson's disease. This system is the first Cu(2+) ion-induced fluorescent turn-on system used for imaging copper trafficking over time in a Wilson's disease model.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea. pennkim@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jihee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Tuhin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pradhan
authors.forename: Yun Mi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jong Seung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sanghee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D047250:Calixarenes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D056831:Coordination Complexes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006527:Hepatolenticular Degeneration / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence
chemical_list: D056831:Coordination Complexes; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; C585703:calix(2)triazole(2)arene; D047250:Calixarenes; D003300:Copper