title: Respiratory hemodynamics in the hepatic veins--abnormal patterns.
abstract: The flow pattern in the hepatic veins (HVs) is dependent on the cardiac cycle and right heart hemodynamics and influenced by the respiratory cycle and the liver parenchyma. Most disease states that affect the right heart alter the HV Doppler in a manner independent of the respiratory cycle. Some diseases that typically involve the pericardium, right ventricular myocardium, or respiratory system confer characteristic changes to the HV flow in a manner dependent on the respiratory cycle. Analysis of the HV Doppler with assessment of the respiratory changes in flow and their timing helps to distinguish among the various disease states. In this manuscript, we discuss the effect of respiration on HV flow in patients with abnormal right heart function and illustrate the use of the respiratory changes in the HV Doppler as a tool for diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Bahaa M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Fadel
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alkalbani
authors.forename: Aysha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Husain
authors.forename: Ziad
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dahdouh
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Salvo
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods; D006503:Hepatic Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008102:Liver Circulation; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics; D055425:Respiratory-Gated Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods; D018497:Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Doppler echocardiography; constrictive pericarditis; restrictive cardiomyopathy; right ventricle