title: A longitudinal evaluation of diffusion kurtosis imaging in patients with mild traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) changes in white and grey matter in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  DKI data was obtained from 24 patients with mTBI along with cognitive assessments within 10 days, 1 month and 6 months post-injury and compared with age-matched control (n¼ 24). Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusion (l(r)), mean kurtosis (MK) and radial kurtosis (Kr) were extracted from the thalamus, internal capsule and corpus callosum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results demonstrate reduced Kr and MK in the anterior internal capsule in patients with mTBI across the three visits, and reduced MK in the posterior internal capsule during the 10 day time point. Correlations were observed between the change in MK or Kr between 1–6 months and the improvements in cognition between the 1 and 6 month visits in the thalamus, internal capsule and corpus callosum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate that DKI may be sensitive in tracking pathophysiological changes associated with mTBI and may provide additional information to conventional DTI parameters in evaluating longitudinal changes following TBI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine .
authors.forename: Jesse A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Stokum
authors.forename: Chandler
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sours
authors.forename: Jiachen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhuo
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.forename: Kathirkamanthan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shanmuganathan
authors.forename: Rao P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Gullapalli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000175:diagnosis; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000503:physiopathology; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D020772:Internal Capsule / Q000503:physiopathology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D013788:Thalamus / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: ANAM; diffusion kurtosis imaging; longitudinal analysis; mild traumatic brain injury