title: Chromogranin A is a potential prognostic marker in prostate cancer patients treated with enzalutamide.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this retrospective study, we assessed chromogranin A (CgA) baseline value as a possible factor associated with poor prognosis in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five patients with metastatic CRPC progressing after docetaxel chemotherapy treated with enzalutamide are subdivided into three groups: serum CgA level was normal when <120 ng/ml (group A, n = 10), within three times the upper normal value (UNV) when between 120 and 360 (group B, n = 17), more than three times the UNV when ≥360 ng/ml (group C, n = 8).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No correlation was observed in three groups among CgA baseline values and PSA response rates (RR) (P = 0.4648), whereas a significative difference was associated with median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) among three CgA groups (P = 0.0301 and P = 0.0011, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, PSA RR (nonresponsive vs. responsive) and CgA levels (group 3 vs. groups 1 + 2) were predictors of OS (P = 0.0029 and P = 0.0025, respectively), whereas they only were not significantly correlated with PFS, even had a borderline significance (P = 0.0628 and P = 0.0772, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In CRPC patients treated with enzalutamide, the evaluation of serum CgA levels could be an useful prognostic factor because of the strong association between CgA value more than three times the UNV and clinical outcome, independently from PSA response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (I.R.S.T.)-IRCCS, Meldola, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenza
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Conteduca
authors.forename: Salvatore Luca
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Burgio
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Menna
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carretta
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Masini
authors.forename: Dino
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Amadori
authors.forename: Ugo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: De Giorgi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001549:Benzamides; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D053379:Chromogranin A / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009570:Nitriles; D010669:Phenylthiohydantoin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D064129:Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001549:Benzamides; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D053379:Chromogranin A; D009570:Nitriles; D010669:Phenylthiohydantoin; C540278:enzalutamide
keywords: PSA; castration-resistant prostate cancer; chromogranin A; enzalutamide; outcome