title: Relation between HLA typing and clinical presentations in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients in Al-Qassim region, Saudi Arabia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disease with diverse clinical presentations due to interaction between genetic and environmental factors. SLE is associated worldwide with polymorphisms at various loci, including the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), although inconsistencies exist among these studies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was carried out to investigate, the association of HLA-DRB1, DRB3, DRB4, DRB5, and DQB1 alleles in SLE patients and clinical presentations at Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty one patients with SLE-84.3% of whom had kidney involvement were studied in a case control study for HLA-DRB1, DRB3, DRB4, DRB5, and DQB1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that DRB3 is a protective gene among Saudi's against SLE, HLA DRB3, HLA DRB1*11 frequency was increased in patients with serositis with a p value of (0.004), (0.047) respectively, increased frequency of HLA DQB1*3 among SLE patients with skin manifestations with a p value of (0.041), the frequency of HLA DRB1*15 alleles was increased among SLE patients with nephritis with a p value of (0.029), the frequency of HLA DRB1*11 among those with hematological manifestations with a p value of (0.03) and the frequency DRB1*10 was found to be increased among SLE patients with neurological manifestations with a p value of (0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contradistinction to what have been found among other populations DRB3 is a protective gene among Saudi's against SLE. No evidence for a role of the HLA-DRB1, DRB4, DRB5, DQB1 alleles. There was an increased HLA DRB3 frequency with serositis, DQB1*3 skin manifestations, HLA DRB1*15 with nephritis, DRB1*10 with hematological manifestations and DRB1*11 with neurological manifestations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Walid
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Noor Eldeen A M
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Elhefny
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Essam H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Mahgoub
authors.affiliation: Department of Serology, Immunology and Molecular biology, College of Medicine and University Hospitals, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Adel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Almogren
authors.affiliation: Department of Serology, Immunology and Molecular biology, College of Medicine and University Hospitals, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Khaled D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Hamam
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hamad A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Al-Hamed
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Gasim I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Gasim
keywords: HLA; SLE; Saudi; disease clinical expression; lupus