title: Genetic basis of age-dependent synaptic abnormalities in the retina.
abstract: Understanding the normal aging process will help us determine the mechanisms of how age-related diseases are caused and progress. A/J inbred mice have been shown to exhibit accelerated aging phenotypes in the retina including increased inflammation and photoreceptor cell degeneration, which resemble human aging symptoms. C57BL/6J (B6) inbred mice are less susceptible for these abnormalities, indicating the existence of genetic factor(s) that affect their severity. In this study, we determined that another age-dependent phenotype, ectopic synapse formation, is also accelerated in the A/J retina compared to the B6 retina. Through genetic mapping utilizing recombinant inbred strains, we identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosome 7 and 19, which contribute to abnormal retinal synapses as well as other age-dependent phenotypes. Using consomic single chromosome substitution lines where a single chromosome is from A/J and the rest of the genome is B6, we investigated the individual effect of each QTL on retinal aging phenotypes. We observed that both QTLs independently contribute to abnormal retinal synapses, reduction in the number of cone cells, and an up-regulation of retinal stress marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Mice with a single chromosome substitution on chromosome 19 also exhibited an increase in inflammatory cells, which is characteristic of aging and age-related macular degeneration. Thus, we identified QTLs that are independently capable of affecting the severity and progression of age-dependent retinal abnormalities in mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: Erica L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Macke
authors.forename: Wei-Hua
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sam A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Sakae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ikeda
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D005453:Fluorescence; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics*; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D006652:Histological Techniques; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci / Q000235:genetics*; D012160:Retina / Q000002:abnormalities*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013569:Synapses / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C528900:glial fibrillary astrocytic protein, mouse