title: Improved in vitro biocompatibility of surface-modified hydroxyapatite sponge scaffold with gelatin and BMP-2 in comparison against a commercial bone allograft.
abstract: This study aims to demonstrate the morphology and in vitro biocompatibility of neat and surface-modified hydroxyapatite sponge scaffold (SM-HASS) which was fabricated using a sponge replica method, and compared with the commercially available demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA). Surface-modifications were done by coating the surface area of the neat hydroxyapatite sponge scaffold (HASS) with either gelatin alone (HASS/G) or gelatin and BMP-2 growth factor (HASS/G+B). Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), porosity, pore size distribution, and compressive strength analyses showed that the addition of gelatin in HASS/G produced a morphologically and structurally similar scaffold to that of the allograft. The addition of BMP-2 improved the biocompatibility of the HASS/G+B in vitro using MC3T3-E1 cells which showed better cell viability, proliferation, and cell adhesion than on the allograft. Therefore, hydroxyapatite scaffold coated with gelatin polymer and gelatin with BMP-2 growth factor showed comparable performance against commercially available DFDBA from cadaver with regards to structure and in vitro biocompatibility.
authors.affiliation: From the *InoBone, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea; and †Department of Regenerative Medicine, ‡Department of Physiology, and §Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, SoonChunHyang University, Cheonan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Nathaniel T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Carpena
authors.forename: Young-Ki
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Byong-Taek
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D064591:Allografts; D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry; D019245:Compressive Strength; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology; D016062:Porosity; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D005780:Gelatin; D017886:Durapatite