title: Enzymatic and cryoreduction EPR studies of the hydroxylation of methylated N(ω)-hydroxy-L-arginine analogues by nitric oxide synthase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus.
abstract: Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) catalyzes the conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline and NO in a two-step process involving the intermediate N(ω)-hydroxy-L-arginine (NHA). It was shown that Cpd I is the oxygenating species for L-arginine; the hydroperoxo ferric intermediate is the reactive intermediate with NHA. Methylation of the N(ω)-OH and N(ω)-H of NHA significantly inhibits the conversion of NHA into NO and L-citrulline by mammalian NOS. Kinetic studies now show that N(ω)-methylation of NHA has a qualitatively similar effect on H₂O₂-dependent catalysis by bacterial gsNOS. To elucidate the effect of methylating N(ω)-hydroxy L-arginine on the properties and reactivity of the one-electron-reduced oxy-heme center of NOS, we have applied cryoreduction/annealing/EPR/ENDOR techniques. Measurements of solvent kinetic isotope effects during 160 K cryoannealing cryoreduced oxy-gsNOS/NHA confirm the hydroperoxo ferric intermediate as the catalytically active species of step two. Product analysis for cryoreduced samples with methylated NHA's, NHMA, NMOA, and NMMA, annealed to 273 K, show a correlation of yields of L-citrulline with the intensity of the g 2.26 EPR signal of the peroxo ferric species trapped at 77 K, which converts to the reactive hydroperoxo ferric state. There is also a correlation between the yield of L-citrulline in these experiments and k(obs) for the H₂O₂-dependent conversion of the substrates by gsNOS. Correspondingly, no detectable amount of cyanoornithine, formed when Cpd I is the reactive species, was found in the samples. Methylation of the NHA guanidinium N(ω)-OH and N(ω)-H inhibits the second NO-producing reaction by favoring protonation of the ferric-peroxo to form unreactive conformers of the ferric-hydroperoxo state. It is suggested that this is caused by modification of the distal-pocket hydrogen-bonding network of oxy gsNOS and introduction of an ordered water molecule that facilitates delivery of the proton(s) to the one-electron-reduced oxy-heme moiety. These results illustrate how variations in the properties of the substrate can modulate the reactivity of a monooxygenase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States.
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Davydov
authors.forename: Kristin Jansen
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Labby
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Chobot
authors.forename: Dmitriy A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lukoyanov
authors.forename: Brian R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Crane
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Silverman
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D055162:Biocatalysis; D002956:Citrulline / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D001411:Geobacillus stearothermophilus / Q000201:enzymology*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D006900:Hydroxylation; D007536:Isomerism; D007700:Kinetics; D008745:Methylation; D051379:Mice; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D055550:Protein Stability; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D002956:Citrulline; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C068309:N(omega)-hydroxyarginine; D001120:Arginine; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse