title: Dietary intake and nutritional risk in Mediterranean adolescents in relation to the severity of the eating disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the relationship between the degree of severity of eating disorders (ED) and energy and nutrient intakes and nutritional risk in a mixed-sex adolescent population without clinical symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected in schools.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adolescents (n 495) aged 14·2 (sd 1·0) years. The Eating Attitudes Test was used to detect adolescents at risk of ED (rED) and a structured interview based on the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, was used to diagnose eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS). Dietary intake was quantified using the 24 h recall method over three days and the probability of inadequate intake was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Females presented lower intakes of energy, macronutrients and micronutrients (Ca, Fe, Mg, K, P, Na, thiamin, vitamins E, C, B6, B12, pantothenic acid, folic acid) because the severity of their ED was greater. These lower dietary intakes led to nutritional risk (for Ca, Fe, Mg, P, vitamins A, D, B6) in more than 80 % and 60 % of females with EDNOS and rED, respectively. The multiple linear regression models showed that the rED and EDNOS groups presented a lower energy intake of 1597·4 kJ/d (381·8 kcal/d) and 3153·0 kJ/d (753·6 kcal/d), respectively. In contrast, little difference was observed in the nutritional intakes of males.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The female adolescents showed lower energy and nutrient intakes as the ED became more severe, which led to energy, vitamin and mineral deficiencies in a high percentage of females with ED. These nutritional risks could hinder adequate physical and psychological development and lead to chronic ED.
authors.affiliation: 1Unitat de Nutrició i Salut Pública, Facultad de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut,Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Mental (NUTRISAM),Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV),Universitat Rovira i Virgili,C/San Llorenç 21,Reus 43201,Spain.
authors.forename: Estefania
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aparicio
authors.affiliation: 2Departament de Psicologia,Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Mental (NUTRISAM),Research Centre for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC),Universitat Rovira i Virgili,Tarragona,Spain.
authors.forename: Josefa
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Canals
authors.affiliation: 3Unitat de Nutrició i Salut Pública,Universitat Rovira i Virgili,Reus,Spain.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.affiliation: 1Unitat de Nutrició i Salut Pública, Facultad de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut,Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Mental (NUTRISAM),Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV),Universitat Rovira i Virgili,C/San Llorenç 21,Reus 43201,Spain.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Arija
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D019083:Mediterranean Region / Q000453:epidemiology; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D009043:Motor Activity; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D018977:Micronutrients
keywords: Eating disorder not otherwise specified