title: Effect of sonic application mode on the resin-dentin bond strength and dentin permeability of self-etching systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare manual and sonic adhesive application modes in terms of the permeability and microtensile bond strength of a self-etching adhesive applied in the one-step or two-step protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-etching All Bond SE (Bisco) was applied as a one- or a two-step adhesive under manual or sonic vibration modes on flat occlusal dentin surfaces of 64 human molars. Half of the teeth were used to measure the hydraulic conductance of dentin at 200 cm H₂O hydrostatic pressure for 5 min immediately after the adhesive application. In the other half, composite buildups (Opallis) were constructed incrementally to create resin-dentin sticks with a cross-sectional area of 0.8 mm² to be tested in tension (0.5 mm/min) immediately after restoration placement. Data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fluid conductance of dentin was significantly reduced by the sonic vibration mode for both adhesives, but no effect on the bond strength values was observed for either adhesive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sonic application mode at an oscillating frequency of 170 Hz can reduce the fluid conductance of the one- and two-step All Bond SE adhesive when applied on dentin.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mena-Serrano
authors.forename: Thays Regina Ferreira da
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Rafael Tiago
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Patzlaff
authors.forename: Alessandro Dourado
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Loguercio
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reis
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003806:Dentin Permeability / Q000502:physiology*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D019234:Dentinal Fluid / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006874:Hydrostatic Pressure; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D013010:Sonication / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013997:Time Factors; D014732:Vibration
chemical_list: C074864:All-Bond system; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D008689:Methacrylates; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; C030242:phosphoric acid