title: Assessment of nutrition, supplementation and body composition parameters on the example of professional volleyball players.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Volleyball is a team game belonging to a group of sports disciplines that involve indirect fighting. Adequate energy coverage in athletes is a crucial issue. It depends primarily on the type, intensity and duration of physical activity related to the sports discipline practiced and to the training cycle duration. The average energy requirement in sportsmen is 50% higher than that of adults.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to characterize the mode of nutrition, including dietary supplements and to assess somatic indices in female volleyball players of the AZS Bialystok team.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study involved 17 women. Research tools included a questionnaire consisting of 24-hour recall, a questionnaire survey concerning supplement intake and body composition analysis performed using a bioimpedance analyzer InBody 220.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data analysis indicates that the anthropometric characteristics and body composition of the AZS Bialystok players meet the recommendations associated with the somatic features in volleyball. Daily diet of the volleyball players were of low-energy with regard to the recommendations for physically active people, with very low supply of carbohydrates and dietary fiber, excessive proportion of saturated fatty acids and dietary cholesterol, and too low content of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Supply of vitamins and minerals was found to be alarmingly low, especially of iron and calcium; diet supplementation was insufficient. No significant abnormalities were noted in body composition of the study athletes. However, they are recommended to increase muscle mass and slightly reduce body fat.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of diet evaluation show the need for education in the field of nutrition and the necessity of further research into dietary habits among sportsmen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zapolska
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Witczak
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mańczuk
authors.forename: Lucyna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ostrowska
mesh_terms: D001823:Body Composition; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences; D006801:Humans; D009752:Nutritional Status; D054798:Volleyball / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber