title: Arsenic induced overexpression of inflammatory cytokines based on the human urothelial cell model in vitro and urinary secretion of individuals chronically exposed to arsenic.
abstract: Chronic persistent inflammation could play an important role in the pathogenesis of some malignancies, and inflammation is a critical factor for bladder cancer development. In this study, we measured urine levels of transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-8 in arsenic exposure workers and expressions of inflammatory cytokines in human urothelial cells in vivo and in vitro. We found the concentrations of IL-8, TNF-α, and TGF-α presented in urine were significantly elevated in the high urinary arsenic workers compared with the low urinary arsenic workers. Multiple regression analysis showed that the urinary IL-8 level was significantly positively associated with urinary iAs concentration after adjusting for the confounding effects of age, employed years, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol, and seafood consumption in recent 3 days. Urinary TNF-α and TGF-α levels were also significantly positively associated with urinary iAs concentration, and SMI. TGF-α level was negatively associated with age after adjusting for the confounding effects. Consistent with the results in vivo, mRNA expressions of TNF-α, TGF-α, and IL-8 and protein expressions of TGF-α, TGF-β1, and IL-8 were significantly elevated in SV-HUC-1 cells after exposure to lower concentrations of arsenite for 24h as compared to the control group. These data indicated that arsenic increased the secretion of inflammatory factors and IL-8, TNF-α, and TGF-α expression may be a useful biomarker of the effect of arsenic exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University , District of Heping, North Er Road, No. 92, Shenyang City, China , 110001.
authors.forename: Shengnan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Qingshan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yingli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Shuhua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.forename: Guifan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001151:Arsenic / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000652:urine*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019459:Urothelium / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D001151:Arsenic