title: Biocompatibility of new calcium aluminate cement: tissue reaction and expression of inflammatory mediators and cytokines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of a new calcium aluminate cement (EndoBinder) in subcutaneous tissue of rats in comparison with mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium hydroxide hard-setting cement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polyethylene tubes (1.5 × 10 mm) containing the dental cements were implanted into dorsal subcutaneous tissue of 30 rats. After experimental periods of 7, 30, and 90 days, biopsies were performed for tissue response analysis under optical light microscope. The mRNA extraction was performed for molecular evaluation of the inflammatory process in the peri-implant tissue, which was submitted to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis for inflammatory mediators and cytokines TNF-α, Ptges2, Il-1β, Il-4, and Il-10.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the basis of the score used to grade the tissue reaction (0-3), EndoBinder (0) presented no inflammatory reaction after the 90-day period, a similar result to mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium hydroxide. The thickness of inflammatory capsules (μm) also presented significant decrease during the course of periods (P < .05). As regards expression of inflammatory mediators, Ptges2 and Il-10 were detected only at 7 and 30 days, with no statistically significant difference among the experimental groups (P > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EndoBinder induced limited inflammatory reaction. It was considered biocompatible when tested in subcutaneous tissue of rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucas da Fonseca Roberti
authors.initials: Lda F
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huck
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Letícia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Menezes de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pedro Paulo Chaves
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: casouzac@foar.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Carlos Alberto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: de Souza Costa
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000032:analysis; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000187:drug effects; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000071876:Prostaglandin-E Synthases; D051381:Rats; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017640:Silicates / Q000494:pharmacology; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D016207:Cytokines; D004338:Drug Combinations; C557697:EndoBinder; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D016753:Interleukin-10; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; D000071876:Prostaglandin-E Synthases; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide
keywords: Biocompatibility; calcium aluminate cement; calcium hydroxide; mineral trioxide aggregate; tissue reaction