title: Newcastle disease virus interaction in targeted therapy against proliferation and invasion pathways of glioblastoma multiforme.
abstract: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), or grade IV glioma, is one of the most lethal forms of human brain cancer. Current bioscience has begun to depict more clearly the signalling pathways that are responsible for high-grade glioma initiation, migration, and invasion, opening the door for molecular-based targeted therapy. As such, the application of viruses such as Newcastle disease virus (NDV) as a novel biological bullet to specifically target aberrant signalling in GBM has brought new hope. The abnormal proliferation and aggressive invasion behaviour of GBM is reported to be associated with aberrant Rac1 protein signalling. NDV interacts with Rac1 upon viral entry, syncytium induction, and actin reorganization of the infected cell as part of the replication process. Ultimately, intracellular stress leads the infected glioma cell to undergo cell death. In this review, we describe the characteristics of malignant glioma and the aberrant genetics that drive its aggressive phenotype, and we focus on the use of oncolytic NDV in GBM-targeted therapy and the interaction of NDV in GBM signalling that leads to inhibition of GBM proliferation and invasion, and subsequently, cell death.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroscience Services and Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia ; Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia ; Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Sultanah Zainab 2, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Jafri Malin
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0258-7410
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Zulkifli
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mustafa
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Aini
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ideris
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000502:physiology*