title: Sleep duration and risk of lung cancer in the physicians' health study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lung cancer is the most common cancer and cancer related cause of death worldwide. However, the association between sleep duration and incident lung cancer has not been investigated in a prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively examined the association between sleep duration and incident lung cancer in a cohort of 21,026 United States (US) male physicians. Self-reported sleep duration was ascertained during 2002 annual follow-up questionnaire. Incident lung cancer was ascertained through yearly follow-up questionnaires. Cox regression was used to estimate relative risk of incident lung cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average age at baseline was 68.3±8.8 yr. During a mean follow up of 7.5 (±2.2) yr, 150 cases of lung cancer occurred. Using 7 h of sleep as the reference group, multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (95%CI) for lung cancer were 1.18 (0.77-1.82), 1.0 (ref), and 0.97 (0.67-1.41) from lowest to the highest category of sleep duration (P for quadratic trend 0.697), respectively. In a secondary analysis, smoking status did not modify the sleep duration-lung cancer association (P=0.78). There was no evidence for an interaction between sleep duration and sleep apnea on the risk of lung cancer either (P=0.65).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data failed to show a higher risk of lung cancer in association with altered sleep duration among US male physicians.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, USA.
authors.forename: Owais
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Khawaja
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Petrone
authors.affiliation: Section of General Internal Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, USA.
authors.forename: Sohaib
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aleem
authors.affiliation: Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, USA.
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Manzoor
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA;Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Information Center (MAVERIC), Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, USA;Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA;Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gaziano
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA;Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Information Center (MAVERIC), Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, USA;Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Djousse
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006262:Health; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D010820:Physicians / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D012890:Sleep; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology