title: Alteration of sFAS and sFAS ligand expression during canine visceral leishmaniosis.
abstract: Visceral leishmaniosis (VL) is caused by intracellular parasites of the genus Leishmania that affect humans and several animal species. Dogs are one of the main urban reservoirs of Leishmania infantum and play a central role in the transmission cycle to humans via sandflies. CD3+ cells apoptosis is involved in the immune response in VL. Dysregulation of apoptosis has been implicated in various disease states. An important regulator of apoptosis is the FAS-FAS-associated death domain protein (cluster of differentiation 95 - CD95) and FASL-FAS ligand protein (cluster of differentiation 178 - CD178) system involved in the down-regulation of immune reactions and in T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. FAS is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor super family, which can be expressed in transmembrane or soluble forms. The soluble levels of FAS (sFAS), FASL (sFASL) and active Caspase-3, this last related to apoptotic cascade, were investigated in the spleen of 19 symptomatic dogs presenting moderate VL and 6 healthy dogs, determined by ELISA assay. The splenic parasite load was determined by real-time PCR monitoring of amplification of the intergenic internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) gene of parasite rRNA. sFAS levels were lower (p<0.05). sFASL and active Caspase-3 levels were higher (p<0.05) in dogs with VL compared with controls. Negative correlation was observed between parasite burden and sFASL levels. The increase in sFASL could be related to the mechanism involved in the elimination of the parasite.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Care, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, School of Veterinary Science of the São Paulo State University (Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", FMVA/UNESP), Rua Clóvis Pestana, 793, Araçatuba, São Paulo, CEP 16050-680, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perosso
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Care, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, School of Veterinary Science of the São Paulo State University (Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", FMVA/UNESP), Rua Clóvis Pestana, 793, Araçatuba, São Paulo, CEP 16050-680, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kathlenn Liezbeth Oliveira
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Care, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, School of Veterinary Science of the São Paulo State University (Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", FMVA/UNESP), Rua Clóvis Pestana, 793, Araçatuba, São Paulo, CEP 16050-680, Brazil.
authors.forename: Stefáni Íris de Souza
authors.initials: SÍ
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Care, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, School of Veterinary Science of the São Paulo State University (Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", FMVA/UNESP), Rua Clóvis Pestana, 793, Araçatuba, São Paulo, CEP 16050-680, Brazil.
authors.forename: Saulo Vinícius
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Avanço
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Care, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, School of Veterinary Science of the São Paulo State University (Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", FMVA/UNESP), Rua Clóvis Pestana, 793, Araçatuba, São Paulo, CEP 16050-680, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Sérgio Patto
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Care, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, School of Veterinary Science of the São Paulo State University (Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", FMVA/UNESP), Rua Clóvis Pestana, 793, Araçatuba, São Paulo, CEP 16050-680, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávia de Rezende
authors.initials: Fde R
authors.lastname: Eugênio
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Care, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, School of Veterinary Science of the São Paulo State University (Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", FMVA/UNESP), Rua Clóvis Pestana, 793, Araçatuba, São Paulo, CEP 16050-680, Brazil.
authors.forename: Breno Fernando Martins
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Care, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, School of Veterinary Science of the São Paulo State University (Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", FMVA/UNESP), Rua Clóvis Pestana, 793, Araçatuba, São Paulo, CEP 16050-680, Brazil. Electronic address: vmflima@fmva.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Valéria Marçal Felix
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: de Lima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D016923:Cell Death; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology; D004285:Dogs; D015536:Down-Regulation; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D018314:Leishmania infantum / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology; D013154:Spleen / Q000378:metabolism; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000378:metabolism; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D019014:fas Receptor
keywords: Cell death; FAS ligand protein; FAS-associated death domain protein; Leishmania infantum; Leishmaniosis; TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand)