title: Organic nitrates: past, present and future.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most important vasodilator molecules produced by the endothelium. It has already been established that NO/cGMP signaling pathway deficiencies are involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of many cardiovascular diseases. In this context, the development of NO-releasing drugs for therapeutic use appears to be an effective alternative to replace the deficient endogenous NO and mimic the role of this molecule in the body. Organic nitrates represent the oldest class of NO donors that have been clinically used. Considering that tolerance can occur when these drugs are applied chronically, the search for new compounds of this class with lower tolerance potential is increasing. Here, we briefly discuss the mechanisms involved in nitrate tolerance and highlight some achievements from our group in the development of new organic nitrates and their preclinical application in cardiovascular disorders.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58037-760, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: França-Silva
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58037-760, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camille M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Balarini
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58037-760, Brazil.
authors.forename: Josiane C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Barkat A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, Federal University of Pampa, Antônio Trilha Avenue, P.O. Box 1847, São Gabriel, RS 97300-000, Brazil. p.rampelotto@mail.ufsm.br.
authors.forename: Pabulo H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Rampelotto
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58037-760, Brazil. valdir@cbiotec.ufpb.br.
authors.forename: Valdir A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Braga
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009566:Nitrates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D009930:Organic Chemicals