title: Bilinguals Show Weaker Lexical Access During Spoken Sentence Comprehension.
abstract: When bilinguals process written language, they show delays in accessing lexical items relative to monolinguals. The present study investigated whether this effect extended to spoken language comprehension, examining the processing of sentences with either low or high semantic constraint in both first and second languages. English-German bilinguals, German-English bilinguals and English monolinguals listened for target words in spoken English sentences while their eye-movements were recorded. Bilinguals' eye-movements reflected weaker lexical access relative to monolinguals; furthermore, the effect of semantic constraint differed across first versus second language processing. Specifically, English-native bilinguals showed fewer overall looks to target items, regardless of sentence constraint; German-native bilinguals activated target items more slowly and maintained target activation over a longer period of time in the low-constraint condition compared with monolinguals. No eye movements to cross-linguistic competitors were observed, suggesting that these lexical access disadvantages were present during bilingual spoken sentence comprehension even in the absence of overt interlingual competition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, 2240 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA. a-shook@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shook
authors.affiliation: Department of Linguistics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goldrick
authors.affiliation: Department of Linguistics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Engstler
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, 2240 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
authors.forename: Viorica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Marian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D032882:Comprehension; D053483:Eye Movement Measurements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019303:Multilingualism; D011578:Psycholinguistics; D013067:Speech Perception; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bilingualism; Eye-tracking; Language comprehension; Lexical access; Sentence processing