title: Multilocus sequence typing reveals genetic diversity of foodborne Arcobacter butzleri isolates in the North of Spain.
abstract: The emerging pathogen Arcobacter butzleri is being increasingly isolated from different animal food products but the routes of its transmission to human are not well established yet. Typing methods would be useful in gaining such knowledge. Here we report the great genetic diversity observed among A. butzleri isolates from different food products. Forty-five isolates were analyzed by Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST). A total of 157 alleles were identified across all seven loci, ranging from 16 alleles at glnA to 31 at glyA. MLST differentiated the isolates into 34 sequence types (STs), with the majority of isolates containing a unique sequence type. Seventy-four new alleles were identified, which resulted in the assignment of 33 new STs. No association of alleles or STs with food source was observed. For the first time, lateral gene transfer from Arcobacter skirrowii to A. butzleri at the glyA locus is also reported.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Girbau
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain.
authors.forename: Irati
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Martinez-Malaxetxebarria
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain. Electronic address: aurora.fernandez@ehu.es.
authors.forename: Aurora
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernández-Astorga
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D020640:Arcobacter / Q000235:genetics*; D001430:Bacteriocins / Q000235:genetics; D005516:Food Microbiology; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D001430:Bacteriocins; C081173:glutamine synthetase I; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase
keywords: Arcobacter butzleri; Food; Gene transfer; MLST