title: Gene/cell therapy approaches for Immune Dysregulation Polyendocrinopathy Enteropathy X-linked syndrome.
abstract: Immune dysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy, Enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome is a rare autoimmune disease due to mutations in the gene encoding for Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), a transcription factor fundamental for the function of thymus-derived (t) regulatory T (Treg) cells. The dysfunction of Treg cells results in the development of devastating autoimmune manifestations affecting multiple organs, eventually leading to premature death in infants, if not promptly treated by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Novel gene therapy strategies can be developed for IPEX syndrome as more definitive cure than allogeneic HSCT. Here we describe the therapeutic approaches, alternative to HSCT, currently under development. We described that effector T cells can be converted in regulatory T cells by LV-mediated FOXP3-gene transfer in differentiated T lymphocytes. Despite FOXP3 mutations mainly affect a highly specific T cell subset, manipulation of stem cells could be required for long-term remission of the disease. Therefore, we believe that a more comprehensive strategy should aim at correcting FOXP3-mutated stem cells. Potentials and hurdles of both strategies will be highlighted here.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Passerini
authors.forename: Francesca R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Santoni de Sio
authors.forename: Matthew H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Porteus
authors.affiliation: San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (HSR-TIGET), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20131, Milan, Italy. rosa.bacchetta@hsr.it.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bacchetta
mesh_terms: D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000151:congenital; D003967:Diarrhea; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D040181:Genetic Diseases, X-Linked / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007154:Immune System Diseases / Q000151:congenital; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors