title: Whole-blood gene-expression profiles of cows infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis reveal changes in immune response and lipid metabolism.
abstract: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of Johne's disease, a chronic debilitating disease affecting ruminants worldwide. In the present study, we aimed to determine the major gene networks and pathways underlying the immune response to MAP infection using whole-blood cells, as well as provide the potential transcriptional markers for identifying the status of MAP infection. We analyzed the transcriptional profiles of whole-blood cells of cattle identified and grouped according to the presence of MAP-specific antibodies and the MAP shed by them. The grouping was based on the results obtained by ELISA and PCR analyses as follows: i) Test1 group: MAP-negative results obtained by ELISA and positive results obtained by PCR; ii) Test2 group: MAP-positive results obtained by ELISA and negative results obtained by PCR; iii) Test3 group: MAP-positive results obtained by ELISA and positive results obtained by PCR; iv) uninfected control: MAP-negative results obtained both by ELISA and PCR analysis. The results showed down-regulated production and metabolism of reactive oxygen species in the Test1 group, activation of pathways related to the host-defense response against MAP (LXR/RXR activation and complement system) in the Test2 and Test3 groups, and anti-inflammatory response (activation of IL-10 signaling pathway) only in the Test3 group. Our data indicate a balanced response that serves the immune-limiting mechanism while the host-defense responses are progressing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Kyoung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Hong-Tae
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Seung Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Myunghwan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Young Bin
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Im
authors.forename: Hyun-Eui
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yong-Il
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Han Sang
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yoo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D016927:Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis / Q000276:immunology*; D010283:Paratuberculosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D003165:Complement System Proteins