title: Association between sleep disturbances and abdominal symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is known to cause sleep disturbances, the relationships between other abdominal symptoms and sleep disorders have not been clarified. In the present study, we examined the relationships between daytime sleepiness and various abdominal symptoms in a non-clinical population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 2,936 subjects who visited Matsue Red Cross Hospital for an annual health check examination during a 10-month consecutive period after excluding those with organic gastrointestinal diseases. The Izumo scale abdominal symptom and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) questionnaires were employed to evaluate the presence of abdominal symptoms and daytime sleepiness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 2,936 subjects, 233 (7.9%), 254 (8.6%) and 528 (18%) had GERD-like, functional dyspepsia (FD)-like and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-like symptoms, respectively. The ESS scores in the subjects with GERD-, FD- and IBS-like symptoms were significantly higher than those observed in the asymptomatic subjects. The subjects with multiple abdominal symptoms tended to have higher ESS scores than those with single symptoms. A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a younger age and the presence of FD- and IBS-like symptoms to be significant influencing factors for sleep disturbances.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of FD and IBS symptoms in addition to GERD symptoms exhibits a strong relationship with sleep disturbances from the viewpoint of daytime sleepiness.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morito
authors.forename: Masahito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aimi
authors.forename: Norihisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishimura
authors.forename: Shino
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimura
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mikami
authors.forename: Eiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Okimoto
authors.forename: Shuuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kushiyama
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katsube
authors.forename: Kyoichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
mesh_terms: D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires