title: Prefrontal hemodynamic responses and the degree of flow experience among occupational therapy students during their performance of a cognitive task.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although flow experience is positively associated with motivation to learn, the biological basis of flow experience is poorly understood. Accumulation of evidence on the underlying brain mechanisms related to flow is necessary for a deeper understanding of the motivation to learn. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between flow experience and brain function using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during the performance of a cognitive task.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty right-handed occupational therapy (OT) students participated in this study. These students performed a verbal fluency test (VFT) while 2-channel NIRS was used to assess changes in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (oxygenated hemoglobin [oxy-Hb]) in the prefrontal cortex. Soon after that, the OT students answered the flow questionnaire (FQ) to assess the degree of flow experience during the VFT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average oxy-Hb in the prefrontal cortex had a significant negative correlation with the satisfaction scores on the FQ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Satisfaction during the flow experience correlated with prefrontal hemodynamic suppression. This finding may assist in understanding motivation to learn and related flow experience.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Science and Social Welfare, Kibi International University, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2467-7564
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirao
keywords: Cognition; Hemodynamics; Near-infrared spectroscopy; Occupational therapy; Prefrontal cortex