title: Melatonin regulates aging and neurodegeneration through energy metabolism, epigenetics, autophagy and circadian rhythm pathways.
abstract: Brain aging is linked to certain types of neurodegenerative diseases and identifying new therapeutic targets has become critical. Melatonin, a pineal hormone, associates with molecules and signaling pathways that sense and influence energy metabolism, autophagy, and circadian rhythms, including insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), Forkhead box O (FoxOs), sirtuins and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways. This review summarizes the current understanding of how melatonin, together with molecular, cellular and systemic energy metabolisms, regulates epigenetic processes in the neurons. This information will lead to a greater understanding of molecular epigenetic aging of the brain and anti-aging mechanisms to increase lifespan under healthy conditions.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand. anorutj@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anorut
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jenwitheesuk
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand. chukorn.nop@mahidol.ac.th.
authors.forename: Chutikorn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nopparat
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand. sujira.muk@mahidol.ac.th.
authors.forename: Sujira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukda
authors.affiliation: Center for Innovation Development and Technology Transfer, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand. prapimpun.won@mahidol.ac.th.
authors.forename: Prapimpun
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wongchitrat
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand. piyarat.gov@mahidol.ac.th.
authors.forename: Piyarat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Govitrapong
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000503:physiopathology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology; D007328:Insulin / Q000502:physiology; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000502:physiology; D008136:Longevity / Q000502:physiology; D008550:Melatonin / Q000502:physiology*; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D037761:Sirtuins / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D007328:Insulin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D037761:Sirtuins; D008550:Melatonin