title: Development and validation of a method for determination of selected polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners in household dust.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) belong to group of so-called persistent organic pollutants (POPs). These compounds occur in nearly all elements of the environment, including household dust which constitutes one of a major route for human exposure. Their main adverse effects on human health are associated mainly with endocrine disruption--they interfere with thyroid function exhibit anti-androgenic action.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop and validate analytical method for determination of BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-153, and BDE-209 congeners in household dust.
  
  
  METHODS
  Household dust was sampled in residences from Warsaw and the surrounding areas. An automated Soxhlet extraction of samples was then performed and PBDE congeners were subsequently measured in cleaned-up extracts by GC-microECD. The identity of quantified compounds was confirmed by GC/MS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Household dust samples were fortified at levels of 2.88, and 28.8 ng g(-1) for BDE-47, BDE-999, and BDE-153, and for BDE-209 at levels of 101.2, and 540 ng g(-1). Recoveries ranged between 72 - 106%. The relative standard deviations (RSD) were less than 16% for all PBDE congeners analysed. The relative error determined on the basis of multiple analyses of certified reference material ranged from 1.07 - 20.41%. The method's relative expanded uncertainty varied between 16 - 21%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presented method was successfully validated and can be used to measure concentrations of BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-153 and BDE-209 congeners in household dust.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Korcz
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Struciński
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Góralczyk
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hernik
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Łyczewska
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Czaja
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matuszak
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minorczyk
authors.forename: Jan K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Ludwicki
mesh_terms: D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000592:standards*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000592:standards; D006794:Household Articles / Q000145:classification; D011044:Poland; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls