title: Upstream open reading frames regulate cannabinoid receptor 1 expression under baseline conditions and during cellular stress.
abstract: The cannabinoid receptor subtype 1 gene CNR1 is not only associated with phenotypes such as cognitive performance, addiction and anxiety, but is also known to be crucially involved in responses to acute and chronic psychological and cellular stress conditions. Functional analysis of the 5' untranslated regions of the five known mRNA variants of the human CNR1 gene revealed that two of these variants contain upstream open reading frames that are able to modulate gene expression both under baseline condition and conditions of cellular stress including hypoxia, glucose restriction and hyperthermia. The upstream open reading frames might provide a mechanism that enables the cannabinoid 1 receptor to escape the general repression of protein synthesis that is typical for conditions of cellular stress.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany. Electronic address: Marlene.Eggert@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eggert
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pfob
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jurinovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schelling
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: O K
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Steinlein
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000502:physiology*; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; C571130:CNR1 protein, human; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1
keywords: CNR1; Cannabinoid receptor 1; Endocannabinoid system; Upstream open reading frame