title: Anti-inflammatory effects of Polygonum minus (Huds) extract (Lineminus™) in in-vitro enzyme assays and carrageenan induced paw edema.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The study was aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Polygonum minus (Huds) using in vitro and in vivo approaches.
  
  
  METHODS
  The in vitro tests used to evaluate ethanolic extract are cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), lipooxygenase (5-LOX), secretory phospholipase-A2 (sPLA2) inhibition assay whilst the in-vivo effect was measured by the ability of aqueous extracts to reduce paw edema induced by λ-carrageenan, in rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ethanolic extract inhibited the activities of 5-LOX and COX-1(p < 0.05) whilst the inhibitory effect on COX-2 was only moderate. A marked inhibition of 5-LOX was observed at 30 μg/ ml. The extract did not inhibit the activity of sPLA2. The ability of the ethanolic extracts of Polygonum minus to inhibit both 5-LOX and COX, prompted a study to evaluate the effects of using an aqueous extract of Polygonum minus(LineminusTM); as this would be more suitable for future clinical testing. The anti-inhibitory activity of the aqueous extract from this plant was evaluated using a rat model where inflammation was induced in the paws by injection of λ-carrageenan. The aqueous extracts from Polygonum minus administered at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg body weight (b.w.), significantly (p < 0.01) reduced paw edema induced by λ-carrageenan in the experimental model, at 4 h compared to the vehicle control. Furthermore, administration of 100 mg/kg b.w. or 300 mg/kg b.w. completely reduced inflammation of the paw 4 h after injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that aqueous extract of Polygonum minus possesses potent anti-inflammatory activities.
authors.affiliation: Biotropics Malaysia Berhad, Lot 21 Jalan U1/19, Section U1, Hicom-Glenmarie Industrial Park, 40150 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. annie.g@biotropicsmalaysia.com.
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Sasikala
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chinnappan
authors.forename: Meena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chintamaneni
authors.forename: Vandana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kotak C
authors.forename: Yogendra
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Choudhary
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kueper
authors.forename: Ammu K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Radhakrishnan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002351:Carrageenan; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D057075:Enzyme Assays; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008084:Lipoxygenase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D028502:Polygonum / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002351:Carrageenan; D008084:Lipoxygenase; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2