title: Creatine, L-carnitine, and ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation from healthy to diseased skeletal muscle.
abstract: Myopathies are chronic degenerative pathologies that induce the deterioration of the structure and function of skeletal muscle. So far a definitive therapy has not yet been developed and the main aim of myopathy treatment is to slow the progression of the disease. Current nonpharmacological therapies include rehabilitation, ventilator assistance, and nutritional supplements, all of which aim to delay the onset of the disease and relieve its symptoms. Besides an adequate diet, nutritional supplements could play an important role in the treatment of myopathic patients. Here we review the most recent in vitro and in vivo studies investigating the role supplementation with creatine, L-carnitine, and ω3 PUFAs plays in myopathy treatment. Our results suggest that these dietary supplements could have beneficial effects; nevertheless continued studies are required before they could be recommended as a routine treatment in muscle diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine and Laboratory for Motor Activities in Rare Diseases (LUSAMMR), University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Antona
authors.affiliation: Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19395-5487, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Mohammad
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Nabavi
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Piero
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Micheletti
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Arianna
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0445-2165
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Lorenzo
authors.affiliation: Maugeri Foundation IRCCS, Montescano Scientific Institute, Via Per Montescano 31, 27040 Montescano, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aquilani
authors.affiliation: Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Enzo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nisoli
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Section, Health Sciences Department, University of Pavia, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Via Emilia 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Mariangela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rondanelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daglia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002331:Carnitine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003401:Creatine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D003401:Creatine; D002331:Carnitine