title: Systemic immune-inflammation index predicts prognosis of patients after curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We developed a novel systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) based on lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts and explored its prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The SII was developed based on a retrospective study of 133 patients with HCC undergoing resection between 2005 and 2006, and validated in a prospective study of 123 patients enrolled from 2010 to 2011. The circulating tumor cell (CTC) level in the validation cohort was measured using the CellSearch system. Prediction accuracy was evaluated with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  An optimal cutoff point for the SII of 330 × 10(9) stratified the patients with HCC into high (≥330) and low SII (<330) groups in the training cohort. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed the SII was an independent predictor for overall survival and relapse-free survival, and prognostic for patients with negative α-fetoprotein and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage 0+A. The AUCs of the SII for survival and recurrence were higher than other conventional clinical indices. An SII ≥ 330 was significantly associated with vascular invasion, large tumors, and early recurrence. CTC levels were significantly higher in the SII ≥ 330 group (1.71 ± 0.34 vs. 4.37 ± 1.04, P = 0.029). In patients with detectable CTCs, those with SII ≥ 330 had higher recurrence rates and shorter survival time than patients with SII < 330.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SII was a powerful prognostic indicator of poor outcome in patients with HCC and is a promising tool for HCC treatment strategy decisions. The dismal outcome in patients with high SII scores might be related to higher CTC levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University.
authors.forename: Xin-Rong
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University.
authors.forename: Yun-Fan
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University.
authors.forename: Wei-Min
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University.
authors.forename: Shuang-Jian
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China. jiafan99@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D047368:Tumor Burden