title: Lymph node enlargement after definitive chemoradiotherapy for clinical stage I esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is an effective modality for stage I esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, salvage treatments are often required even if complete response (CR) has been achieved. To this end, it is important to accurately diagnose lymph node or other organ metastatic recurrences. Note that lymph node enlargements (except metastatic recurrence) are often detected during the follow-up period after CRT. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the clinical characteristics of lymph node enlargement after CRT.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective cohort study, patients diagnosed with stage I (T1 [submucosal invasion] N0M0) ESCC were treated with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil concurrently with radiotherapy. A total of 55 patients were enrolled in the study from February 2006 to August 2011.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median follow-up period was 46 months. The 3-year overall and progression-free survival rates were 90.7% and 71.2%, respectively, and the CR rate was 87.2% (48/55). Nine of the 48 CR patients were finally diagnosed with recurrences, including 7 lymph node metastases and 2 local recurrences. Lymph node enlargement was initially identified in 20 of the total 55 patients during the follow-up; 9 patients were finally diagnosed with lymph node recurrence, whereas 11 patients had benign reactive lymph node enlargement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrated the high incidence of enlarged lymph nodes after CRT for stage I ESCC. It is important to accurately distinguish between benign lymph node enlargement and recurrent lymph nodes to avoid unnecessary salvage treatments.
authors.forename: Yoshito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsujii
authors.forename: Shusaku
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsutsui
authors.forename: Katsumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Fumiaki
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Isohashi
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: Motohiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shinzaki
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iijima
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Doki
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. takehara@gh.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takehara
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D059248:Chemoradiotherapy; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D000077277:Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil