title: Design of guanidinium ionic liquid based microwave-assisted extraction for the efficient extraction of Praeruptorin A from Radix peucedani.
abstract: A series of novel tetramethylguanidinium ionic liquids and hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids have been synthesized based on 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine. The structures of the ionic liquids were confirmed by (1)H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. A green guanidinium ionic liquid based microwave-assisted extraction method has been developed with these guanidinium ionic liquids for the effective extraction of Praeruptorin A from Radix peucedani. After extraction, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection was employed for the analysis of Praeruptorin A. Several significant operating parameters were systematically optimized by single-factor and L9 (3(4)) orthogonal array experiments. The amount of Praeruptorin A extracted by [1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine]CH2CH(OH)COOH is the highest, reaching 11.05 ± 0.13 mg/g. Guanidinium ionic liquid based microwave-assisted extraction presents unique advantages in Praeruptorin A extraction compared with guanidinium ionic liquid based maceration extraction, guanidinium ionic liquid based heat reflux extraction and guanidinium ionic liquid based ultrasound-assisted extraction. The precision, stability, and repeatability of the process were investigated. The mechanisms of guanidinium ionic liquid based microwave-assisted extraction were researched by scanning electron microscopy and IR spectroscopy. All the results show that guanidinium ionic liquid based microwave-assisted extraction has a huge potential in the extraction of bioactive compounds from complex samples.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xueqin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yuzhi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yanhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Kaijia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D019661:Apiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003374:Coumarins / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D019791:Guanidine / Q000737:chemistry; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry; D008872:Microwaves; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003374:Coumarins; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D052578:Ionic Liquids; C441070:praeruptorin A; D019791:Guanidine
keywords: Extraction mechanisms; Guanidinium ionic liquids; High-performance liquid chromatography; Microwave-assisted extraction; Praeruptorin A