title: Effect of sulfuric acid etching of polyetheretherketone on the shear bond strength to resin cements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the influence of etching duration on the bond strength of PEEK substrate in combination with different resin composite cements.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 448 PEEK specimens were fabricated, etched with sulfuric acid for 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 300 s and then luted with two conventional resin cements (RelyX ARC and Variolink II) and one self-adhesive resin cement (Clearfil SA Cement) (n = 18/subgroup). Non-etched specimens served as the control group. Specimens were stored in distilled water for 28 days at 37°C and shear bond strengths were measured. Data were analyzed nonparametrically using Kruskal-Wallis-H (p < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Non-etched PEEK demonstrated no bond strength to resin composite cements. The optimal etching duration varied with the type of resin composite: 60 s for RelyX ARC (15.3 ± 7.2 MPa), 90 s for Variolink II (15.2 ± 7.2 MPa), and 120 s for Clearfil SA Cement (6.4 ± 5.9 MPa). Regardless of etching duration, however, the self-etching resin composite cement showed significantly lower shear bond strength values when compared to groups luted with the conventional resin composites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although sulfuric acid seems to be suitable and effective for PEEK surface pre-treatment, further investigations are required to examine the effect of other adhesive systems and cements.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sproesser
authors.forename: Patrick R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Schmidlin
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Uhrenbacher
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roos
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gernet
authors.forename: Bogna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stawarczyk
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D001577:Benzophenones; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D007659:Ketones / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D033081:Shear Strength; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013464:Sulfuric Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001577:Benzophenones; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C581302:Clearfil SA; D007659:Ketones; D011108:Polymers; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C462240:RelyX ARC; D019279:Resin Cements; D013464:Sulfuric Acids; D014867:Water; C103502:Variolink; C063834:polyetheretherketone; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; C033158:sulfuric acid