title: Nutraceutical properties of dietary plants extracts: prevention of diabetic nephropathy through inhibition of glycation and toxicity to erythrocytes and HEK293 cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glycated albumin is reported to elicit pathobiologic effects in diabetic nephropathy and abrogating its biologic effects has novel therapeutic potential.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study examines the effects of dietary plants extracts (Laurus nobilis, Carum carvi, Coccinia grandis, Mentha arvensis, Phaseolus vulgaris) against albumin glycation and its toxicity to erythrocytes and HEK293 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Albumin (10 mg/ml) was incubated with fructose (250 mM) in PBS along with aqueous plant extracts (1% w/v) for 4 d. After incubation, the antiglycation potential of extracts was estimated by measuring AGEs, fructosamine, amyloids, carbonyls, free amino groups, and antioxidant potential of albumin. The glycation extent of the treated samples was determined by boronate affinity chromatography. Effect of extracts against glycation induced cytotoxicity in erythrocytes and HEK 293 cells was assessed by estimating viability, glutathione, and antioxidant capacity. Plant extracts were tested for their phenolic content and antioxidant potential (reducing potential, DPPH, ABTS, NO, and H2O2 radical scavenging activities).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plant extracts significantly decreased the AGEs formation and amyloid aggregation in glycated BSA (p < 0.001). Further, fructosamine and carbonyls were reduced to 55-72% and 83-89%, respectively. Free amino group and antioxidant activity of albumin were also preserved by 1.25-1.40-fold and 1.75-1.8-fold, respectively. Further, co-incubation of extracts with glycated albumin, protected erythrocytes, and HEK293 cells as they inhibited cellular hemolysis/toxicity (p < 0.001) by upregulating cellular antioxidants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plant co-incubation reversed many modifications in albumin glycation, cellular dysfunction indicating that dietary sources with antiglycating and antioxidant potential could be considered for the effective management of diabetic nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Biochemical Sciences Division, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of IT and Biotechnology, Bharati Vidyapeeth University , Pune, Maharashtra , India.
authors.forename: Rashmi S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Tupe
authors.forename: Neena M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Sankhe
authors.forename: Shamim A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shaikh
authors.forename: Nisha G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Kemse
authors.forename: Amrita A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Khaire
authors.forename: Devyani V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Phatak
authors.forename: Juhi U
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Parikh
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism*; D006031:Glycosylation; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010945:Plants, Edible / Q000737:chemistry*; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine
keywords: Antiglycation activity; blood cells; diabetic complications; renal cells