title: Photo-Fenton-like treatment of K-acid: assessment of treatability, toxicity and oxidation products.
abstract: Photo-Fenton-like treatment of the commercially important naphthalene sulphonate K-acid (2-naphthylamine-3,6,8-trisulphonic acid) was investigated using UV-C, UV-A and visible light irradiation. Changes in toxicity patterns were followed by the Vibrio fischeri bioassay. Rapid and complete degradation of K-acid accompanied with nearly complete oxidation and mineralization rates (>90%) were achieved for all studied irradiation types. On the other hand, detoxification was rather limited and did not change significantly during photo-Fenton-like treatment. Several oxidation products could be identified via liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer analyses, such as desulphonated and hydroxylated naphthalene derivatives, quinones, and ring-opening as well as dimerization products. Photo-Fenton-like treatment of K-acid with UV-C, UV-A and visible light irradiation occurred through a series of hydroxylation and desulphonation reactions, followed by ring cleavage. A common degradation pathway for photo-Fenton-like treatment of K-acid using different irradiation types was proposed.
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey E-mail: tolmez@itu.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Tugba
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Olmez-Hanci
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey E-mail: tolmez@itu.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Idil
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Arslan-Alaton
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey E-mail: tolmez@itu.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gelegen
mesh_terms: D015081:2-Naphthylamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D048908:Aliivibrio fischeri; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C543035:2-naphthylamine 3,6,8-trisulfonic acid; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D015081:2-Naphthylamine