title: Technetium-99m-labeled nanofibrillar cellulose hydrogel for in vivo drug release.
abstract: Nanoscale celluloses have recently gained an increasing interest in modern medicine. In this study, we investigated the properties of plant derived nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC) as an injectable drug releasing hydrogel in vivo. We demonstrated a reliable and efficient method of technetium-99m-NFC labeling, which enables us to trace the in vivo localization of the hydrogel. The release and distribution of study compounds from the NFC hydrogel after subcutaneous injection in the pelvic region of BALB/c mice were examined with a multimodality imaging device SPECT/CT. The drug release profiles were simulated by 1-compartmental models of Phoenix® WinNonlin®. The NFC hydrogel remained intact at the injection site during the study. The study compounds are more concentrated at the injection site when administered with the NFC hydrogel compared with saline solutions. In addition, the NFC hydrogel reduced the elimination rate of a large compound, technetium-99m-labeled human serum albumin by 2 folds, but did not alter the release rate of a small compound (123)I-β-CIT (a cocaine analogue). In conclusion, the NFC hydrogels is easily prepared and readily injected, and it has potential use as a matrix for controlled release or local delivery of large compounds. The interactions between NFC and specific therapeutic compounds are possible and should be investigated further.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: patrick.lauren@helsinki.fi.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laurén
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Yan-Ru
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.affiliation: Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raki
authors.affiliation: Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Arto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Urtti
authors.affiliation: Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bergström
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Marjo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yliperttula
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D065546:Drug Liberation / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry*; D013667:Technetium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D013667:Technetium; D002482:Cellulose
keywords: Delivery; Drug release; Hydrogel; Nanofibrillar cellulose; SPECT/CT; Technetium-99m