title: The beneficial effects of combined grape pomace and omija fruit extracts on hyperglycemia, adiposity and hepatic steatosis in db/db mice: a comparison with major index compounds.
abstract: This study investigated the effects of combined grape pomace and omija fruit extracts (GO) on diabetes-related metabolic changes in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. The effects of GO were compared with those of a resveratrol and schizandrin mixture (RS), which is a mixture of major components of GO. Mice were fed a normal diet with RS (0.005% resveratrol and 0.02% schizandrin in diet, w/w) or GO (0.3% grape pomace ethanol extract and 0.05% omija fruit ethanol extract in diet, w/w) for seven weeks. RS and GO not only lowered the levels of blood and plasma glucose, HbA1c, insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) with a simultaneous decrease in hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes activities and adiposity, but also improved preservation of the pancreatic β-cells. Plasma leptin and resistin levels were lower while the plasma adiponectin level was higher in the RS and GO groups than in the control group. Especially, GO increased hepatic glucokinase activity and gene expression and improved hepatic steatosis by elevating fatty acid oxidation compared to RS. These findings suggest that GO ameliorates hyperglycemia, adiposity and hepatic steatosis in type 2 diabetic mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk Dong Puk-ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea. jungunju@naver.com.
authors.forename: Su-Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk Dong Puk-ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea. jungunju@naver.com.
authors.forename: Hae-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk Dong Puk-ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea. jungunju@naver.com.
authors.forename: Un Ju
authors.initials: UJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Food Research & Development, CJ Cheiljedang Corporation, Seoul 152-051, Korea. hyejink@cj.net.
authors.forename: Hye-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Food Research & Development, CJ Cheiljedang Corporation, Seoul 152-051, Korea. moonbs@cj.net.
authors.forename: Byoung Seok
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk Dong Puk-ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea. mschoi@knu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Myung-Sook
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D050154:Adiposity / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D034242:Cyclooctanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D017705:Lignans / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D052243:Resistin / Q000097:blood; D000077185:Resveratrol; D032141:Schisandra / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D034242:Cyclooctanes; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D017705:Lignans; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds; D052243:Resistin; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human; C011105:schizandrin