title: Reward-based decision making in pathological gambling: the roles of risk and delay.
abstract: Pathological gambling (PG) is a non-substance based addiction that shares many behavioral and neural features with substance based addictions. However, in PG behavioral and neural changes are unlikely to be confounded by effects of acute or chronic drug exposure. Changes in reward based decision-making in particular increases in impulsivity are hallmark features of addictions. Here we review studies in PG that applied three reward-related decision tasks: the Iowa Gambling Task, probability discounting and delay discounting. We discuss the findings and focus on the impact of addiction severity and the relation of effects to impulsivity measures. While there is evidence that PGs differ from healthy controls on all three tasks, there is only little support for a further modulation of impairments by addiction severity. Conceptually, delay discounting is related to impulsivity measures and findings in this task show a considerable correlation with e.g. questionnaire-based measures of impulsivity. Taken together, impairments in PG on these three tasks are relatively well replicated, although impairments appear to be largely uncorrelated between tasks. An important next step will be to conceptualize a process-based account of behavioral impairments in PG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Electronic address: awiehler@uke.de.
authors.forename: Antonius
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wiehler
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, United States.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peters
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003657:Decision Making / Q000502:physiology*; D005715:Gambling; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D011336:Probability; D012201:Reward; D012306:Risk
keywords: Decision making; Delay discounting; IGT; Pathological gambling; Probability discounting; Risk