title: Efficacy and tolerability of lacosamide as an adjunctive therapy in children with refractory partial epilepsy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A unicentre, prospective study was performed to investigate the efficacy of lacosamide as adjunctive therapy in children with refractory partial epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed at a tertiary care hospital over a period of 30 months between November 2011 and May 2014. Seventy-nine children with refractory partial epilepsy (age 5-15 years) who had failed two or more antiepileptic drugs and in whom lacosamide was used as an add-on drug were enrolled. Lacosamide tablets were administered orally, at a dose of 25 mg for 1 week followed by 50 mg twice daily for the remaining period. Efficacy and tolerability evaluation was performed at every visit of titration, maintenance period (3 months), and two follow-up visits at monthly interval. Electrocardiogram and liver function tests were performed before enrollment and at the end of 3 months of lacosamide therapy. Patient's caregiver or investigator observed adverse events were recorded in a predesigned pro forma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 79 patients with uncontrolled partial epilepsy screened from 531 epileptic children were enrolled, after they satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mean age of children enrolled was 8.8 ± 3.1 years (range 5-15 years); 53 children (67.0%) were boys. Mean weight of the patients was 24.2 ± 9.8 kg. The mean age at the onset of seizures was 6.4 ± 3.5 years. The mean dose of lacosamide administered was 4.1 mg/kg. Three patients (3.8%) dropped out of the study, because of vomiting, aggressive behavior, and poor response, respectively. Of 76 patients (96.2%) entering the maintenance period, 35 patients (44.3%) were seizure free, 32 patients (40.6%) indicated ≥50% reduction in seizure frequency, 3 patients (3.8%) indicated 25-49% seizure reduction, and 9 patients (11.4%) either had no change in seizure frequency or experience increase in seizure frequency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lacosamide is an effective add-on antiepileptic drug for children with refractory partial epilepsy and is well tolerated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, KLE University's College of Pharmacy, Belgaum, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pasha
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Child Development Clinic, KLES Prabhakar Kore Hospital, KLE University's J N Medical College, Belgaum, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: drmaheshkamate@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mahesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamate
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Luqman College of Pharmacy, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Suresh K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Didagi
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000078334:Lacosamide; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000078334:Lacosamide
keywords: antiepileptic drug; children; lacosamide; refractory epilepsy; tolerability