title: Novel electrochemical method of fast and reproducible fabrication of metallic nanoelectrodes.
abstract: A novel electrochemical wire etching method of fabrication of ultrasharp nanoelectrodes is reported. Tungsten wires can be sharpened to less than 10 nm tip radius in a reproducible manner in less than 1 min by using controllable hydrodynamic electrolyte flow combined with optimized electrochemical etching parameters. The method relies on the variations of the electric field at the surface of a metal wire, while the electrolyte solution is in motion, rather than on the ionic gradient generated in a static solution.
authors.affiliation: CICECO - Department of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: CICECO - Department of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: CICECO - Department of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zheludkevich
authors.affiliation: CICECO - Department of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Oliveira