title: Ligature-induced peri-implantitis in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Peri-implantitis has a prevalence of 11-47%, involves destruction of peri-implant bone and may lead to implant loss. A detailed understanding of the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis is lacking. The objective of this study was to develop a murine model of experimental peri-implantitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Machined, smooth-surface, screw-shaped titanium implants were placed in the healed alveolar bone of the left maxillary molars of C57BL/6J male mice, 8 wk after tooth extraction. Peri-implantitis was induced by securing silk ligatures around the head of the implant fixtures. Implant survival and peri-implant bone levels were analyzed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scans and histology, 12 wk after ligature placement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Implant survival was 60% (six of 10) for implants with ligatures and 100% (eight of eight) for controls. Micro-CT revealed significantly greater bone loss around the implants that received ligatures and that survived, compared with controls. The radiographic findings were confirmed via histology and toluidine blue staining.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study describes a murine model of experimental peri-implantitis around screw-shaped titanium implants placed in the edentulous alveolar bone. This model should be a useful tool to dissect pathogenic mechanisms of peri-implantitis and evaluate potential treatment interventions.
authors.affiliation: Section of Periodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: F Q
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Pirih
authors.affiliation: Section of Periodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hiyari
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil.
authors.forename: A D V
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Barroso
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil.
authors.forename: A C A
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Jorge
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perussolo
authors.affiliation: Section of Periodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Atti
authors.affiliation: Section of Oral Radiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tetradis
authors.affiliation: Section of Periodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Camargo
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D014048:Tolonium Chloride; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003722:Dental Alloys; D015921:Dental Implants; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); D014048:Tolonium Chloride; D014025:Titanium
keywords: animal model; bone loss; dental implant; peri-implantitis