title: Transcription of inflammatory genes: long noncoding RNA and beyond.
abstract: The innate immune system must coordinate elaborate signaling pathways to turn on expression of hundreds of genes to provide protection against pathogens and resolve acute inflammation. Multiple genes within distinct functional categories are coordinately and temporally regulated by transcriptional on and off switches in response to distinct external stimuli. Three classes of transcription factors act together with transcriptional coregulators and chromatin-modifying complexes to control these programs. In addition, newer studies implicate long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) as additional regulators of these responses. LncRNAs promote, fine-tune, and restrain the inflammatory program. In this study, we provide an overview of gene regulation and the emerging importance of lncRNAs in the immune system.
authors.affiliation: 1 Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: Katherine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000276:immunology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding