title: The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and the control of peripheral substrates.
abstract: The arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus is particularly regarded as a critical platform that integrates circulating signals of hunger and satiety reflecting energy stores and nutrient availability. Among ARC neurons, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and agouti-related protein and neuropeptide Y (NPY/AgRP neurons) are considered as two opposing branches of the melanocortin signaling pathway. Integration of circulating signals of hunger and satiety results in the release of the melanocortin receptor ligand α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (αMSH) by the POMC neurons system and decreases feeding and increases energy expenditure. The orexigenic/anabolic action of NPY/AgRP neurons is believed to rely essentially on their inhibitory input onto POMC neurons and second-orders targets. Recent updates in the field have casted a new light on the role of the ARC neurons in the coordinated regulation of peripheral organs involved in the control of nutrient storage, transformation and substrate utilization independent of food intake.
authors.affiliation: Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA) UMR 8251 CNRS, F-75205 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Joly-Amado
authors.affiliation: Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA) UMR 8251 CNRS, F-75205 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cansell
authors.affiliation: Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA) UMR 8251 CNRS, F-75205 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Raphaël G P
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Denis
authors.affiliation: Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA) UMR 8251 CNRS, F-75205 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Anne-Sophie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Delbes
authors.affiliation: Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA) UMR 8251 CNRS, F-75205 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castel
authors.affiliation: Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA) UMR 8251 CNRS, F-75205 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA) UMR 8251 CNRS, F-75205 Paris, France. Electronic address: serge.luquet@univ-paris-diderot.fr.
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luquet
mesh_terms: D054369:Agouti-Related Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001111:Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism*; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D009478:Neuropeptide Y / Q000378:metabolism; D011333:Pro-Opiomelanocortin / Q000378:metabolism; D000521:alpha-MSH / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054369:Agouti-Related Protein; D009478:Neuropeptide Y; D000521:alpha-MSH; D011333:Pro-Opiomelanocortin
keywords: agouti-related peptide; autonomic nervous system; diabetes; hypothalamus; neuropeptide Y; nutrient partitioning; obesity; substrate utilization