title: Trans-caval trans-jugular liver biopsy--a technical modification of trans-jugular liver biopsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To (a) describe the technical modification of trans-caval TJLB and (b) review our series of nine cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective review of all trans-caval TJLBs performed; we assessed indications for the procedure, technical success, complications, adequacy of specimen and histological positivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The technical success rate of the procedure was 9/9 (100%); the minor complication rate was 1/9 (11%), adequate specimen was obtained in all cases and a histological diagnosis was achieved in 8/9 (89%) cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary report suggests that trans-caval modification of TJLB is a relatively safe procedure that may be useful in cases where conventional TJLB is infeasible.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (a) We describe the technique of trans-caval TJLBs and report our findings in the largest series of published cases. (b) Trans-caval TJLB is relatively safe and can be used to increase the success rates of conventional TJLB.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Moses
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Keshava
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mammen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Eapen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ramakrishna
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007601:Jugular Veins; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult