title: Developmental toxicity, acute toxicity and mutagenicity testing in freshwater snails Biomphalaria glabrata (Mollusca: Gastropoda) exposed to chromium and water samples.
abstract: A protocol combining acute toxicity, developmental toxicity and mutagenicity analysis in freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata for application in ecotoxicological studies is described. For acute toxicity testing, LC50 and EC50 values were determined; dominant lethal mutations induction was the endpoint for mutagenicity analysis. Reference toxicant potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was used to characterize B. glabrata sensitivity for toxicity and cyclophosphamide to mutagenicity testing purposes. Compared to other relevant freshwater species, B. glabrata showed high sensitivity: the lowest EC50 value was obtained with embryos at veliger stage (5.76mg/L). To assess the model applicability for environmental studies, influent and effluent water samples from a wastewater treatment plant were evaluated. Gastropod sensitivity was assessed in comparison to the standardized bioassay with Daphnia similis exposed to the same water samples. Sampling sites identified as toxic to daphnids were also detected by snails, showing a qualitatively similar sensitivity suggesting that B. glabrata is a suitable test species for freshwater monitoring. Holding procedures and protocols implemented for toxicity and developmental bioassays showed to be in compliance with international standards for intra-laboratory precision. Thereby, we are proposing this system for application in ecotoxicological studies.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Parasitologia/Malacologia, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, CEP 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, no 2242, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: letallarico@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Lenita de Freitas
authors.initials: Lde F
authors.lastname: Tallarico
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, no 2242, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sueli Ivone
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Borrely
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, no 2242, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Natália
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Parasitologia/Malacologia, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, CEP 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa Siqueira
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Grazeffe
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Malacologia, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Rua Cardeal Arcoverde, no 2878, CEP 05408-003, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Pires
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Ohlweiler
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, no 2242, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kayo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Parasitologia/Malacologia, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, CEP 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Amanda Tosatte
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Granatelli
authors.affiliation: Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo, R. Major Pinheiro Fróes, no 1.560, CEP 08680-000, Suzano, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ivana Wuo
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Estatística, Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, no 1010, CEP 05008-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Alberto de Bragança
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Parasitologia/Malacologia, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, CEP 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eliana
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nakano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods; D001700:Biomphalaria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development; D002857:Chromium / Q000633:toxicity*; D003621:Daphnia / Q000235:genetics; D054750:Ecotoxicology / Q000379:methods; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D005618:Fresh Water; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests / Q000379:methods; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D011192:Potassium Dichromate / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; D002857:Chromium; D011192:Potassium Dichromate
keywords: Biomphalaria glabrata; Developmental toxicity; Dominant lethal test; Potassium dichromate; Toxicity