title: Reduced resting-state brain activity in the default mode network in children with (central) auditory processing disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In recent years, there has been a growing interest in Central Auditory Processing Disorder (C)APD. However, the neural correlates of (C)APD are poorly understood. Previous neuroimaging experiments have shown changes in the intrinsic activity of the brain in various cognitive deficits and brain disorders. The present study investigated the spontaneous brain activity in (C)APD subjects with resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen children diagnosed with (C)APD and fifteen age and gender-matched controls participated in a rs-fMRI study during which they were asked to relax keeping their eyes open. Two different techniques of the rs-fMRI data analysis were used: Regional Homogeneity (ReHo) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA), which approach is rare.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both methods of data analysis showed comparable results in the pattern of DMN activity within groups. Additionally, ReHo analysis revealed increased co-activation of the superior frontal gyrus, the posterior cingulate cortex/the precuneus in controls, compared to the (C)APD group. ICA yielded inconsistent results across groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our ReHo results suggest that (C)APD children seem to present reduced regional homogeneity in brain regions considered a part of the default mode network (DMN). These findings might contribute to a better understanding of neural mechanisms of (C)APD.
authors.affiliation: World Hearing Center of the Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Mokra 17 street, 05-830 Nadarzyn, Warsaw/Kajetany, Poland. a.pluta@ifps.org.pl.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pluta
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wolak
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Czajka
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lewandowska
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cieśla
authors.forename: Mateusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rusiniak
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grudzień
authors.forename: Henryk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Skarżyński
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001308:Auditory Perceptual Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology*