title: Epidemiology, risk factors, prevention, and early detection of melanoma.
abstract: The incidence of melanoma has increased over the past several decades. Despite improved case mortality, overall deaths from melanoma have increased because of the large increase in incidence. Although we have a better understanding of the pathogenesis of melanoma and improved early diagnostic capabilities, the burden of disease and societal costs remain high. This article provides an update on the epidemiology of cutaneous melanoma worldwide and the common risk factors including heritable and modifiable risks, emphasizing the importance of education, early detection, and prevention in reducing the disease burden.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Blalock 610, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Saïd C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Azoury
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Blalock 610, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. Electronic address: jlange@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Julie R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lange
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods; D010375:Pedigree; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055108:Sunbathing; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents
keywords: Early detection; Epidemiology; Melanoma; Prevention; Risk factors; Screening