title: Cadmium inhibits neurite outgrowth in differentiating human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.
abstract: Cadmium, a highly ubiquitous heavy metal, is well known to induce neurotoxicity. However, the underlying mechanism of cadmium-mediated neurotoxicity remains unclear. We have studied cadmium inhibition of neurite outgrowth using human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells induced to differentiate by all-trans-retinoic acid (RA). Cadmium, at a concentration of 3 μmol/L, had no significant effect on the viability of differentiating SH-SY5Y cells. However, the neurite outgrowth of the differentiating SH-SY5Y cells 48 hours after cadmium treatment (1-3 μmol/L cadmium) was significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of RA-stimulated differentiating SH-SY5Y cells with 1 to 3 μmol/L cadmium resulted in decreased level of cross-reactivities with 43-kDa growth-associated protein (GAP-43) in a dose-dependent manner. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, NAC (N-acetyl-l-cysteine), recovered the expression of GAP-43 in cadmium-treated cells. The results indicate that cadmium is able to inhibit neurite outgrowth of differentiating SH-SY5Y cells and that this effect might result from ROS generation by cadmium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Joo
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Pak
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Gi Dong
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Son
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea yoobs@kgu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Byung Sun
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Yoo
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D019922:GAP-43 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016501:Neurites / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D019922:GAP-43 Protein; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002104:Cadmium; D000111:Acetylcysteine
keywords: GAP-43; SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell; cadmium; neurite outgrowth