title: Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene is associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in acute Myocardial Infarction.
abstract: Several studies have associated exposure to environmental pollutants, especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), with the development of cardiovascular diseases. Considering that 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) is the major biomarker of exposure to pyrenes, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential association between 1-OHP and oxidative stress/inflammatory biomarkers in patients who had suffered an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). After adopting the exclusion criteria, 58 post-infarction patients and 41 controls were sub-divided into smokers and non-smokers. Urinary 1-OHP, hematological and biochemical parameters, oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, SOD, CAT, GPx and exogenous antioxidants) and the inflammatory biomarker (hs-CRP) were analyzed. 1-OHP levels were increased in post-infarct patients compared to controls (p < 0.05) and were correlated to MDA (r = 0.426, p < 0.01), CAT (r = 0.474, p < 0.001) and β-carotene (r = -0.309; p < 0.05) in non-smokers. Furthermore, post-infarction patients had elevated hs-CRP, MDA, CAT and GPx levels compared to controls for both smokers and non-smokers. Besides, β-carotene levels and SOD activity were decreased in post-infarction patients. In summary, our findings indicate that the exposure to pyrenes was associated to lipid damage and alterations of endogenous and exogenous antioxidants, demonstrating that PAHs contribute to oxidative stress and are associated to acute myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil. fernandofarmrs@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil. nataliafarma@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Natália
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brucker
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil. juliano_durgante@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Juliano
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Durgante
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil. bubols@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Guilherme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bubols
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil. rachelbulcao@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bulcão
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil. angelammoro@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moro
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil. marifeiffercharao@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Mariele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Charão
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil. mariliabaierle@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Marília
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baierle
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil. sabrinascimento@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil. bruna_gauer@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Bruna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gauer
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil. elisa-sauer@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sauer
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Institute, Pharmacy Faculty, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil. marcelo.zimmer@acad.pucrs.br.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zimmer
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Institute, Pharmacy Faculty, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil. fvthiesen@pucrs.br.
authors.forename: Flávia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Thiesen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiology, University Cardiology Foundation, Porto Alegre, RS 90620-000, Brazil. iran.castro@cardiologia.org.br.
authors.forename: Iran
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-070, Brazil. pepino@usp.br.
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saldiva
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil. solange.garcia@ufrgs.br.
authors.forename: Solange C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Garcia
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D011721:Pyrenes; C033146:1-hydroxypyrene