title: The cost-effectiveness of different strategies to evaluate optic disk drusen in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the costs of diagnostic work-up for optic disk drusen where ophthalmic ultrasound was performed prior to imaging and invasive studies with those where ophthalmic ultrasound was performed after such studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of patients <18 years of age evaluated at a tertiary referral center between 2007 and 2012 for "swollen" optic nerves were retrospectively reviewed. The main outcome measure was cost of diagnostic work-up according to Georgia Medicaid global reimbursement rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 46 children with a B-scan ultrasound-confirmed diagnosis of calcified optic disk drusen were included. Neuroimaging was performed in 23 patients, of whom 20 had the study prior to ophthalmic ultrasound. The mean cost of evaluations for patients undergoing ancillary testing prior to ophthalmic ultrasound was $1,173; for those undergoing ancillary testing after, $305.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because optic disk drusen can mimic the appearance of papilledema, it is more cost-effective to perform ophthalmic ultrasonography prior to neuroimaging, especially when the patient is asymptomatic. If ophthalmic ultrasonography confirms the presence of drusen, it is more cost-effective to reassess the clinical picture before proceeding with further tests.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Marlen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leon
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Amy K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Hutchinson
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Phoebe D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Lenhart
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. Electronic address: slamber@emory.edu.
authors.forename: Scott R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lambert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological / Q000191:economics*; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015594:Optic Disk Drusen / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000191:economics*; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography