title: Evidence of possible vertical transmission of duck circovirus.
abstract: To test the hypothesis that duck circovirus (DuCV) may be vertically transmitted from infected breeder ducks to their ducklings, we investigated 120 newly hatched ducklings, 30 dead duck embryos and 80 non-embryonated duck eggs with the duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DuCV DNA was present in 15 newly hatched ducklings, 4 duck embryos and 3 non-embryonated eggs. Four ducklings from two flocks were co-infected by DuCV-1 and DuCV-2, three ducklings from three flocks were DuCV-1 single infection, and eight ducklings from six flocks were DuCV-2 single infection. One duck embryo and one non-embryonated egg were positive for both DuCV-1 and DuCV-2 DNAs, one embryo for DuCV-1 DNA, and two embryos and two non-embryonated eggs for DuCV-2 DNA. The findings provide evidence of possible vertical transmission of DuCV and simultaneous transmission of DuCV-1 and DuCV-2 from breeder ducks to ducklings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculteral University,Taian, Shandong 271018, China; Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Zhiguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculteral University,Taian, Shandong 271018, China; Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculteral University,Taian, Shandong 271018, China; Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Ruihua
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculteral University,Taian, Shandong 271018, China; Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.
authors.forename: Junhao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculteral University,Taian, Shandong 271018, China; Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Linlin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculteral University,Taian, Shandong 271018, China; Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Shaoli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculteral University,Taian, Shandong 271018, China; Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Zhijing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculteral University,Taian, Shandong 271018, China; Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China. Electronic address: sjjiang@sdau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shijin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018173:Circoviridae Infections / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D017925:Circovirus / Q000235:genetics*; D019295:Computational Biology; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004372:Ducks; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000737:chemistry; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000662:veterinary*; D010063:Ovum / Q000737:chemistry; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004279:DNA, Viral
keywords: Co-infection; Duck circovirus; Duplex PCR; Vertical transmission