title: Meat and fish consumption and the risk of renal cell carcinoma in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition.
abstract: Renal cell cancer (RCC) incidence varies worldwide with a higher incidence in developed countries and lifestyle is likely to contribute to the development of this disease. We examined whether meat and fish consumption were related to the risk of RCC in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). The analysis included 493,179 EPIC participants, recruited between 1992 and 2000. Until December 2008, 691 RCC cases have been identified. Meat and fish consumption was assessed at baseline using country-specific dietary assessment instruments; 24-hour recalls were applied in an 8% subsample for calibration purposes. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Women with a high consumption of red meat (HR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.14-1.62; calibrated, per 50 g/day) and processed meat (HR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.05-3.03; calibrated, per 50 g/day) had a higher risk of RCC, while no association existed in men. For processed meat, the association with RCC incidence was prominent in premenopausal women and was lacking in postmenopausal women (p interaction = 0.02). Neither poultry nor fish consumption were statistically significantly associated with the risk of RCC. The results show a distinct association of red and processed meat consumption with incident RCC in women but not in men. A biological explanation for these findings remains unclear.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rohrmann
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Linseisen
authors.forename: Kim
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authors.lastname: Overvad
authors.forename: Anne Mette
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lund Würtz
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Roswall
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tjonneland
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Boutron-Ruault
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Racine
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bastide
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Palli
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Agnoli
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panico
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tumino
authors.forename: Carlotta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sacerdote
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weikert
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steffen
authors.forename: Tilman
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authors.lastname: Kühn
authors.forename: Kuanrong
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authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Kay-Tee
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Khaw
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Wareham
authors.forename: Kathryn E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Bradbury
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Peppa
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trichopoulou
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trichopoulos
authors.forename: H Bas
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Bueno-de-Mesquita
authors.forename: Petra H M
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: Anette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hjartåker
authors.forename: Guri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Skeie
authors.forename: Elisabete
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Weiderpass
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jakszyn
authors.forename: Miren
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dorronsoro
authors.forename: Aurelio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barricarte
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santiuste de Pablos
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Molina-Montes
authors.forename: Ramón Alonso
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de la Torre
authors.forename: Ulrika
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ericson
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sonestedt
authors.forename: Mattias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Börje
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ljungberg
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Freisling
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Romieu
authors.forename: Amanda J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cross
authors.forename: Anne-Claire
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Vergnaud
authors.forename: Elio
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authors.lastname: Riboli
authors.forename: Heiner
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boeing
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: cohort study; processed meat; red meat; renal cell cancer