title: Effects of cabergoline and rotigotine on tacrine-induced tremulous jaw movements in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the effects of two dopamine agonists, cabergoline and rotigotine, on tacrine-induced tremor and c-Fos expression in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats received intraperitoneal injection of cabergoline (0.5, 1.0, or 5.0mg/kg), rotigotine (1.0, 2.5, or 10.0mg/kg), or vehicle 30min before intraperitoneal injection of tacrine (5.0mg/kg). The number of tremulous jaw movements (TJMs) after tacrine administration was counted for 5min. Animals were sacrificed 2h later under deep anesthesia, and the brain sections were immunostained in order to evaluate the c-Fos expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Induction of TJMs by tacrine was dose-dependently reduced by pretreatment with cabergoline and rotigotine. The number of c-Fos-positive cells was significantly enhanced in the medial striatum, nucleus accumbens core, and nucleus accumbens shell after tacrine administration, and the enhanced expression of c-Fos in these three regions was significantly attenuated by cabergoline, while rotigotine suppressed c-Fos expression in two regions except the nucleus accumbens core.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that tacrine-induced TJMs would be relieved by either cabergoline or rotigotine and that anticholinesterase-induced TJMs and the ameliorating effects of dopamine agonists would relate to neuronal activation in the striatum and nucleus accumbens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki-city, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
authors.forename: Go
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koganemaru
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki-city, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan. Electronic address: abehiro@med.miyazaki-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki-city, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuramashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki-city, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ebihara
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki-city, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisae
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki-city, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Funahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki-city, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki Hospital, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki-city, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki-city, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki-city, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishimori
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki-city, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000077465:Cabergoline; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004873:Ergolines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007568:Jaw / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013619:Tacrine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014202:Tremor / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D004873:Ergolines; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes; D013876:Thiophenes; D013619:Tacrine; C047508:rotigotine; D000077465:Cabergoline
keywords: Cabergoline; Parkinsonism; Rotigotine; Tacrine; Tremulous jaw movement; c-Fos