title: The efficacy of BMP-2 preloaded on bone substitute or hydrogel for bone regeneration at peri-implant defects in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this experiment was to test whether or not a synthetic bone substitute (SBS) was more effective than a polyethylene glycol hydrogel as a carrier material for bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) when attempting to regenerate bone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two identical, box-type dehiscence defects (4 × 4 mm buccolingually and apicocoronally, and 8 mm mesiodistally) were surgically prepared on buccal sides of the left and right edentulous ridge in five beagle dogs. Following implant placement, the defects either received (i) no graft, (ii) SBS+hydrogel, (iii) SBS+BMP-2 loaded hydrogel, and (iv) BMP-2-loaded SBS+hydrogel. The animals were euthanized at 8 weeks postsurgery. Radiographic and histomorphometric analyses were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The hydrogel alone was not able to stabilize the grafted bone particles at 8 weeks, and SBS+hydrogel group did not significantly differ from the control group in all volumetric measurements. On the other hand, extensively regenerated new bone was connected with most of the remaining SBS particles in the BMP-2 groups. The BMP-2 groups exhibited significantly greater new bone formation (10.65 mm(3) and 1.47 mm(2) in the SBS+BMP-2-loaded hydrogel group; 14.17 mm(3) and 0.93 mm(2) in the BMP-2-loaded SBS+hydrogel) than non-BMP-2 groups (1.27 mm(3) and 0.00 mm(2) in the control group; 2.01 mm(3) and 0.19 mm(2) in the SBS+hydrogel group) in volumetric and histomorphometric analyses (P < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences between both BMP-2 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BMP-2 could yield enhanced bone regeneration in the critical-size peri-implant defects regardless of whether SBS or hydrogel is used for preloading, although the outcomes seem to be more reproducible with BMP-2 preloaded on SBS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ui-Won
authors.initials: UW
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: In-Kyeong
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Science, Dental School, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Thoma
authors.affiliation: Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Science, Dental School, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christoph H F
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hämmerle
authors.affiliation: Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Science, Dental School, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ronald E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D004285:Dogs; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013529:Surgical Wound Dehiscence / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D015921:Dental Implants; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols
keywords: Bone morphogenetic protein-2; bone substitutes; dental implants; drug delivery system; hydrogel; polyethylene glycol