title: Complex spike patterns in olfactory bulb neuronal networks.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  T-pattern analysis is a procedure developed for detecting non-randomly recurring hierarchical and multiordinal real-time sequential patterns (T-patterns).
  
  
  METHODS
  We have inquired whether such patterns of action potentials (spikes) can be extracted from extracellular activity sampled simultaneously from many neurons across the mitral cell layer of the olfactory bulb (OB). Spikes were sampled from urethane-anaesthetized rats over a 6h recording session, or a period lasting as long as permitted by the physiological condition of the animal. Breathing was recorded to mark peak inhalation and exhalation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complex T-patterns of up to ∼20 elements were identified with functional connections often spanning the full extent of the array. A considerable proportion of these sequences incorporated breathing.
  
  
  METHODS
  In contrast to sequence detection by synfire, the incidence of sequences detected in our real data is very much greater than in the same data when randomized either by shuffling, or an alternative procedure preserving the interval structure of each spike train, and so more conservative. Further, when recordings were terminated before completion of the full recording session, the relative pattern detection in real and randomized data was a strong indicator of physiological condition-in recordings leading up to the preparation becoming physiologically unstable, the number of patterns detected in real data approached that in the randomized data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that such sequences are an important physiological property of the neural system studied, and suggest that they may form a basis for encoding sensory information.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, 307 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0JX, UK. Electronic address: aun10@cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Alister U
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Nicol
authors.affiliation: Bioinformatics Department, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Segonds-Pichon
authors.affiliation: Human Behaviour Laboratory, University of Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
authors.forename: Magnus S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Magnusson
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D008297:Male; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000166:cytology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012119:Respiration
keywords: Electrophysiology; Neural networks; Olfactory bulb; Randomization; Spike sequences; T-pattern analysis