title: Marked antigiardial activity of Yucca baccata extracts: a potential natural alternative for treating protozoan infections.
abstract: Human giardiosis is a public health problem in Mexico, where the national prevalence was estimated to be up to 68%. Misuse of antiprotozoal drugs may result in low effectiveness and undesirable side effects. Research on natural products is a good strategy for discovering more effective antiparasitic compounds. This study evaluated the antigiardial activity of extracts of Yucca baccata, which is native to northwestern Mexico. Forty-two gerbils (females) were weighed and orally inoculated with 5 × 10(6) Giardia trophozoites. Two gerbils were selected at random to confirm infection. Forty living gerbils were randomly allocated into 5 treatment groups (8 per group). Gerbils were randomly assigned to be treated with 24.4 mg/mL, 12.2 mg/mL, and 6.1 mg/mL of extracts, metronidazole (2 mg/mL) or PBS, which were intragastrically administered once per day for 3 days. Nine gerbils died during the study course. On day 10 postinfection, gerbils were euthanized and trophozoites were quantified. Yucca extracts reduced, albeit not significantly, the trophozoite counts in the duodenum segment. Only the high-extract concentration significantly reduced the trophozoite counts in the proximal segment and it was similar to that of metronidazole. Extracts of Y. baccata may represent an effective and natural therapeutic alternative for human giardiosis.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Nutrición Pública y Salud, Coordinación de Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera a La Victoria Km 0.6, 83304 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Quihui-Cota
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Nutrición Pública y Salud, Coordinación de Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera a La Victoria Km 0.6, 83304 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rocio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: León-Trujillo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Nutrición y Metabolismo, Coordinación de Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera a La Victoria Km 0.6, 83304 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico.
authors.forename: Humberto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Astiazarán-García
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Nutrición Pública y Salud, Coordinación de Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera a La Victoria Km 0.6, 83304 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico.
authors.forename: Julián
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Esparza-Romero
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera a La Victoria Km 0.6, 83304 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: del Refugio Robles
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Bulevar Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, 83000 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ramón E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Robles-Zepeda
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Bulevar Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, 83000 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Canett
authors.affiliation: Herbario USON, Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológica, Universidad de Sonora, Niños Héroes entre Rosales y José María Pino Suárez, Edificio 1A (Museo), Colonia Centro, 83000 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Escalante
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D001688:Biological Products / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005849:Gerbillinae; D005872:Giardia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005873:Giardiasis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology*; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D027623:Yucca / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D001688:Biological Products; D010936:Plant Extracts