title: Differentiation, regulation and function of Th9 cells.
abstract: Naïve CD4(+) T cells are activated and differentiate to distinct lineages of T helper (Th) cells, which are involved in physiological and pathological processes by obtaining the potential to produce different lineage-specific cytokines that mediate adaptive immunity. In the past decade, our knowledge of Th cells has been significantly expanded with the findings of new lineages. Interleukin (IL)-9 producing T cells are recently identified. In consideration of the ability to preferentially secret IL-9, these cells are termed Th9 cells. Given the multiple function of IL-9, Th9 cells participate in the lesion of many diseases, such as allergic inflammation, tumor, and parasitosis. In this chapter, we will focus on the cytokines, co-stimulatory factors, and transcriptional signaling pathways, which regulate Th9 cells development as well as stability, plasticity, and the multiple roles of Th9 cells in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control Research of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74th, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Changyou
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D016906:Interleukin-9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; D016906:Interleukin-9; D016328:NF-kappa B; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta