title: Race/ethnic disparities in the utilization of treatment for drug dependent inmates in U.S. state correctional facilities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Research has documented racial and ethnic disparities in utilization, access, continuity, and quality of care for psychiatric disorders including treatment for substance use disorders among those with similar need in the general community. Currently, the extent of racial and ethnic disparities in treatment within U.S. correctional facilities is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study examines race/ethnic disparities in treatment for drug dependent inmates using the 2004 Survey of Inmates in State Correctional Facilities. Fixed effects logistic regression is used to analyze treatment outcomes for 5180 inmates housed within 286 prisons. The analysis accounts for differences in background characteristics (i.e., age, gender, marital status, foreign born status, veteran status), socioeconomic characteristics (i.e., education, employment prior to incarceration), mental health (i.e., diagnosis with a serious mental illness), and incarceration experiences (i.e., current conviction, previous incarceration episodes, time served, additional sentencing requirements, external social support, disciplinary violations).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings identify a remarkable unmet need among drug dependent inmates in that less than one-half of drug dependent inmates had received any type of treatment in prison at the time of the interview with the most common treatment type being self-help groups. Compared to whites, drug dependent Latino inmates have significantly lower odds of utilizing treatment, yet there are no significant black--white disparities found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study suggests that treatment for drug dependent inmates needs to be expanded to include clinically or medically based treatment since the failure to address addictions in the criminal legal system has been identified as the single most significant reason for rearrest and recidivism once released.
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Sociology and Population Program, 327 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Electronic address: Kathryn.Nowotny@Colorado.edu.
authors.forename: Kathryn M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Nowotny
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000208:ethnology*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D058850:Opiate Substitution Treatment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000208:ethnology*; D011329:Prisoners / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011330:Prisons / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012657:Self-Help Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012944:Social Support; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D014481:United States; D014728:Veterans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: Drug dependence; Prison; Prisoners; Race disparities; Treatment