title: Psychological distress and psychiatric diagnoses among primary caregivers of children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant: an examination of prevalence, correlates, and racial/ethnic differences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of the study were to examine the prevalence of self-reported psychological distress, examine the prevalence of interview-rated psychiatric diagnoses, identify correlates of psychological distress and psychiatric diagnosis and examine racial/ethnic group differences on measures of psychological distress among primary caregivers of children preparing to undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Caregivers (N = 215) completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Impact of Events Scale, and a psychiatric interview assessing major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder. Regression analyses examined correlates of distress and psychiatric diagnosis. Comparisons were made between racial/ethnic groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Posttraumatic stress symptoms were reported by 54% of caregivers during the time preparing for the child's HSCT. Twenty-seven percent of caregivers met diagnostic criteria for at least one of the psychiatric diagnoses during this time. Few factors were associated with distress or psychiatric diagnosis, except the child scheduled for allogeneic transplant, being married and prior psychological/psychiatric care. Sociodemographic factors accounted for racial/ethnic group differences, except that Hispanic/Latino caregivers reported higher BDI scores than non-Hispanic white caregivers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Caregivers may be at greater risk of posttraumatic stress symptoms than anxiety or depression. Prior psychological/psychiatric treatment is a risk factor for greater psychological distress and psychiatric diagnosis during this time. Racial differences are mostly due to sociodemographic factors.
authors.affiliation: Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. Electronic address: myerssb@cinj.rutger.edu.
authors.forename: Shannon Myers
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Virtue
authors.affiliation: Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Sharon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Manne
authors.affiliation: Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mee
authors.affiliation: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bartell
authors.affiliation: Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sands
authors.affiliation: Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Tina Marie
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Gajda
authors.affiliation: Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Darabos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D015995:Prevalence; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Caregiver distress; Parent; Pediatric transplant; Psychiatric diagnoses