title: Preoperative factors of apathy in subthalamic stimulated Parkinson disease: a PET study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current literature provides discrepant results regarding preoperative sociodemographic and clinical factors, and no information about preoperative cerebral metabolic patterns associated with apathy after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) in Parkinson disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  To resolve this issue, we set out to identify preoperative metabolic patterns and sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with increased apathy after STN-DBS. Forty-four patients with Parkinson disease were enrolled in this study. They all underwent STN-DBS. Metabolic activity was assessed with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET 3 months before surgery. Apathy was assessed on the Apathy Evaluation Scale 3 months before and after STN-DBS. We controlled for preoperative age, levodopa therapy, and overall cognitive functions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased apathy after STN-DBS was significantly associated with reduced preoperative metabolism within the right ventral striatum. None of the sociodemographic and clinical variables tested were associated with apathy after STN-DBS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative PET, but not sociodemographic or clinical factors, is associated with apathy after STN-DBS.
authors.affiliation: From the Academic Department of Psychiatry (G.H.R., C.L., T.D., B.M., D.D.), Guillaume Régnier Hospital, Rennes; Nuclear Medicine Unit (F.L.J.), Oncology Department, Eugène Marquis Center, Rennes; Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department (S.D., J.-F.H., M.V.), Academic Department of Psychiatry (D.T.), and Neurophysiology Unit, Neurology Department (P.S.), Rennes University Hospital, France; and Neuroscience of Emotion and Affective Dynamics Laboratory (J.P.), Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland. gabriel.hadrien.robert@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gabriel H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Robert
authors.affiliation: From the Academic Department of Psychiatry (G.H.R., C.L., T.D., B.M., D.D.), Guillaume Régnier Hospital, Rennes; Nuclear Medicine Unit (F.L.J.), Oncology Department, Eugène Marquis Center, Rennes; Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department (S.D., J.-F.H., M.V.), Academic Department of Psychiatry (D.T.), and Neurophysiology Unit, Neurology Department (P.S.), Rennes University Hospital, France; and Neuroscience of Emotion and Affective Dynamics Laboratory (J.P.), Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Le Jeune
authors.affiliation: From the Academic Department of Psychiatry (G.H.R., C.L., T.D., B.M., D.D.), Guillaume Régnier Hospital, Rennes; Nuclear Medicine Unit (F.L.J.), Oncology Department, Eugène Marquis Center, Rennes; Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department (S.D., J.-F.H., M.V.), Academic Department of Psychiatry (D.T.), and Neurophysiology Unit, Neurology Department (P.S.), Rennes University Hospital, France; and Neuroscience of Emotion and Affective Dynamics Laboratory (J.P.), Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Clement
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lozachmeur
authors.affiliation: From the Academic Department of Psychiatry (G.H.R., C.L., T.D., B.M., D.D.), Guillaume Régnier Hospital, Rennes; Nuclear Medicine Unit (F.L.J.), Oncology Department, Eugène Marquis Center, Rennes; Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department (S.D., J.-F.H., M.V.), Academic Department of Psychiatry (D.T.), and Neurophysiology Unit, Neurology Department (P.S.), Rennes University Hospital, France; and Neuroscience of Emotion and Affective Dynamics Laboratory (J.P.), Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Drapier
authors.affiliation: From the Academic Department of Psychiatry (G.H.R., C.L., T.D., B.M., D.D.), Guillaume Régnier Hospital, Rennes; Nuclear Medicine Unit (F.L.J.), Oncology Department, Eugène Marquis Center, Rennes; Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department (S.D., J.-F.H., M.V.), Academic Department of Psychiatry (D.T.), and Neurophysiology Unit, Neurology Department (P.S.), Rennes University Hospital, France; and Neuroscience of Emotion and Affective Dynamics Laboratory (J.P.), Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Thibaut
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dondaine
authors.affiliation: From the Academic Department of Psychiatry (G.H.R., C.L., T.D., B.M., D.D.), Guillaume Régnier Hospital, Rennes; Nuclear Medicine Unit (F.L.J.), Oncology Department, Eugène Marquis Center, Rennes; Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department (S.D., J.-F.H., M.V.), Academic Department of Psychiatry (D.T.), and Neurophysiology Unit, Neurology Department (P.S.), Rennes University Hospital, France; and Neuroscience of Emotion and Affective Dynamics Laboratory (J.P.), Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Péron
authors.affiliation: From the Academic Department of Psychiatry (G.H.R., C.L., T.D., B.M., D.D.), Guillaume Régnier Hospital, Rennes; Nuclear Medicine Unit (F.L.J.), Oncology Department, Eugène Marquis Center, Rennes; Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department (S.D., J.-F.H., M.V.), Academic Department of Psychiatry (D.T.), and Neurophysiology Unit, Neurology Department (P.S.), Rennes University Hospital, France; and Neuroscience of Emotion and Affective Dynamics Laboratory (J.P.), Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jean-Francois
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Houvenaghel
authors.affiliation: From the Academic Department of Psychiatry (G.H.R., C.L., T.D., B.M., D.D.), Guillaume Régnier Hospital, Rennes; Nuclear Medicine Unit (F.L.J.), Oncology Department, Eugène Marquis Center, Rennes; Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department (S.D., J.-F.H., M.V.), Academic Department of Psychiatry (D.T.), and Neurophysiology Unit, Neurology Department (P.S.), Rennes University Hospital, France; and Neuroscience of Emotion and Affective Dynamics Laboratory (J.P.), Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Travers
authors.affiliation: From the Academic Department of Psychiatry (G.H.R., C.L., T.D., B.M., D.D.), Guillaume Régnier Hospital, Rennes; Nuclear Medicine Unit (F.L.J.), Oncology Department, Eugène Marquis Center, Rennes; Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department (S.D., J.-F.H., M.V.), Academic Department of Psychiatry (D.T.), and Neurophysiology Unit, Neurology Department (P.S.), Rennes University Hospital, France; and Neuroscience of Emotion and Affective Dynamics Laboratory (J.P.), Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sauleau
authors.affiliation: From the Academic Department of Psychiatry (G.H.R., C.L., T.D., B.M., D.D.), Guillaume Régnier Hospital, Rennes; Nuclear Medicine Unit (F.L.J.), Oncology Department, Eugène Marquis Center, Rennes; Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department (S.D., J.-F.H., M.V.), Academic Department of Psychiatry (D.T.), and Neurophysiology Unit, Neurology Department (P.S.), Rennes University Hospital, France; and Neuroscience of Emotion and Affective Dynamics Laboratory (J.P.), Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Millet
authors.affiliation: From the Academic Department of Psychiatry (G.H.R., C.L., T.D., B.M., D.D.), Guillaume Régnier Hospital, Rennes; Nuclear Medicine Unit (F.L.J.), Oncology Department, Eugène Marquis Center, Rennes; Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department (S.D., J.-F.H., M.V.), Academic Department of Psychiatry (D.T.), and Neurophysiology Unit, Neurology Department (P.S.), Rennes University Hospital, France; and Neuroscience of Emotion and Affective Dynamics Laboratory (J.P.), Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vérin
authors.affiliation: From the Academic Department of Psychiatry (G.H.R., C.L., T.D., B.M., D.D.), Guillaume Régnier Hospital, Rennes; Nuclear Medicine Unit (F.L.J.), Oncology Department, Eugène Marquis Center, Rennes; Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department (S.D., J.-F.H., M.V.), Academic Department of Psychiatry (D.T.), and Neurophysiology Unit, Neurology Department (P.S.), Rennes University Hospital, France; and Neuroscience of Emotion and Affective Dynamics Laboratory (J.P.), Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Drapier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D057565:Apathy / Q000502:physiology*; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D057234:Preoperative Period; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D066328:Ventral Striatum / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology