title: The influence of age, gender, insulin dose, BMI, and blood pressure on metabolic control in young patients with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the relationship between certain clinical variables and metabolic HbA1c at diagnosis correlated to HbA1c at follow-up (p < 0.001). There was a clear gender difference regarding HbA1c. Girls had higher values both at diagnosis and at follow-up (p < 0.001). Girls also had lower BMI and pH at diagnosis than boys (p < 0.001). In contrast, girls with the highest body mass index (BMI) at follow-up had higher mean HbA1c at follow-up in 2010 (p < 0.001). Having a mother and/or a father with high BMI implied higher HbA1c at diagnosis (p < 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HbA1c at diagnosis seems to predict metabolic control years later. There is a gender difference at diagnosis as female patients have higher HbA1c than males at diagnosis as well as at follow up. As metabolic control is very much correlated to complications there is a need to early identify patients at risk of poor metabolic control. Even though we do not know whether a high HbA1c level is mainly due to severity of the disease or to behavioral patterns, new ways to treat and support these children, especially girls, are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden.|Futurum - Academy for Health and Care, Jönköping County Council and Jönköping Academy for improvement of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Åkesson
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics and Diabetes. Research Center, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hanberger
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics and Diabetes. Research Center, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Samuelsson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007223:Infant; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: HbA1c; children; gender; metabolic control; quality register; type 1 diabetes