title: Night-time sleep duration and the incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Findings from the prospective Pizarra study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several recent studies have related short sleep duration with different health problems, though the results related with the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are far from conclusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between night-time sleep duration and the incidence of obesity and T2D in a prospective study with a follow-up of 11 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study comprised 1145 people evaluated in 1997-1998 and re-evaluated after 6 years and 11 years. At the three study points, subjects without known diabetes mellitus (KDM) were given an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Anthropometric and biochemical variables were measured. The subjects were asked about their number of hours of night-time sleep.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment, the OR of becoming obese was significantly higher in subjects who slept ≤ 7 hours per night, at both the 6-year follow-up (OR = 1.99; 95% CI = 1.12-3.55) and the 11-year follow-up (OR = 2.73; 95% CI = 1.47-5.04). The incidence of T2D at the 6-year follow-up in subjects without T2D at baseline was higher in those who slept ≤ 7 hours per night (OR = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.10-3.50). However, this association was not independent of obesity, weight gain or abnormal glucose regulation at baseline. At the 11-year follow-up however there was no association between night-time sleep duration and the incidence of T2D.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of obesity over the 11-year follow-up increased in subjects with fewer hours of night-time sleep. The incidence of T2D according to the hours of night-time sleep depended on obesity and the carbohydrate metabolism phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain; UGCI de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain. Electronic address: gutierrezrepiso@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Repiso
authors.affiliation: Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain; UGCI de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Soriguer
authors.affiliation: Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain; UGCI de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Elehazara
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rubio-Martín
authors.affiliation: Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain; UGCI de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Esteva de Antonio
authors.affiliation: Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain; UGCI de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: María Soledad
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ruiz de Adana
authors.affiliation: Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain; UGCI de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: María Cruz
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Almaraz
authors.affiliation: Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain; UGCI de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Olveira-Fuster
authors.affiliation: Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain; Diabetes Research Group, Hospital Universitario de Cruces, UPV-EHU, Baracaldo, Spain.
authors.forename: Sonsoles
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morcillo
authors.affiliation: Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain; UGCI de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Valdés
authors.affiliation: Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain; UGCI de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana María
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lago-Sampedro
authors.affiliation: Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain; UGCI de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: García-Fuentes
authors.affiliation: Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain; UGCI de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rojo-Martínez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012890:Sleep; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000150:complications*; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Night-time sleep duration; Obesity; Prospective study; Southern Spain; Type 2 diabetes; Weight gain