title: The effects of increased fluid viscosity on stationary characteristics of EEG signal in healthy adults.
abstract: Electroencephalography (EEG) systems can enable us to study cerebral activation patterns during performance of swallowing tasks and possibly infer about the nature of abnormal neurological conditions causing swallowing difficulties. While it is well known that EEG signals are non-stationary, there are still open questions regarding the stationarity of EEG during swallowing activities and how the EEG stationarity is affected by different viscosities of the fluids that are swallowed by subjects during these swallowing activities. In the present study, we investigated the EEG signal collected during swallowing tasks by collecting data from 55 healthy adults (ages 18-65). Each task involved the deliberate swallowing of boluses of fluids of different viscosities. Using time-frequency tests with surrogates, we showed that the EEG during swallowing tasks could be considered non-stationary. Furthermore, the statistical tests and linear regression showed that the parameters of fluid viscosity, sex, and different brain regions significantly influenced the index of non-stationarity values. Therefore, these parameters should be considered in future investigations which use EEG during swallowing activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address: ivj2@pitt.edu.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jestrović
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Science and Disorders, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address: jcoyle@pitt.edu.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Coyle
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address: esejdic@ieee.org.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sejdić
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology*; D004327:Drinking Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014783:Viscosity; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Brain activity; Dysphagia; EEG; Stationarity; Swallowing; Viscosity