title: A cognitive model of dynamic cooperation with varied interdependency information.
abstract: We analyze the dynamics of repeated interaction of two players in the Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) under various levels of interdependency information and propose an instance-based learning cognitive model (IBL-PD) to explain how cooperation emerges over time. Six hypotheses are tested regarding how a player accounts for an opponent's outcomes: the selfish hypothesis suggests ignoring information about the opponent and utilizing only the player's own outcomes; the extreme fairness hypothesis weighs the player's own and the opponent's outcomes equally; the moderate fairness hypothesis weighs the opponent's outcomes less than the player's own outcomes to various extents; the linear increasing hypothesis increasingly weighs the opponent's outcomes at a constant rate with repeated interactions; the hyperbolic discounting hypothesis increasingly and nonlinearly weighs the opponent's outcomes over time; and the dynamic expectations hypothesis dynamically adjusts the weight a player gives to the opponent's outcomes, according to the gap between the expected and the actual outcomes in each interaction. When players lack explicit feedback about their opponent's choices and outcomes, results are consistent with the selfish hypothesis; however, when this information is made explicit, the best predictions result from the dynamic expectations hypothesis.
authors.affiliation: Dynamic Decision Making Laboratory, Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University.
authors.forename: Cleotilde
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Noam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ben-Asher
authors.forename: Jolie M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Varun
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dutt
mesh_terms: D002755:Choice Behavior; D003071:Cognition; D003205:Computing Methodologies; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003657:Decision Making; D005716:Game Theory; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D007257:Information Theory; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D009874:Operations Research; D011336:Probability; D012056:Reinforcement, Social
keywords: Cognitive modeling; Cooperation; Instance-based learning theory; Interdependency information; Prisoner's dilemma; Social behavior