title: The prevalence of malocclusion and its association with dental caries among 12-18-year-old disabled adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To assess the prevalence of malocclusion among 12-18-year-old disabled adolescents in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, by using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and to determine the association of malocclusion with dental caries.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study included 243 children with various mental disabilities with or without physical infirmities. The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and the dentition status were recorded using the World Health Organization Oral Health Surveys - Basic Methods (1997) Pro-forma. The Decayed (D), Missing (M) and Filled (F) components of the DMF index were calculated using the Dentition Status and Treatment Need (DSTN). A Chi-square test, ANOVA, and t-test were used to derive inferential statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean DAI score ± standard deviation was 39.0 ± 12.3. A total of 123 (50.6%) participants (74 males and 49 females) had DAI scores of 36 and above, which indicated a handicapping malocclusion requiring mandatory orthodontic treatment. Sixty-nine (28.4%) adolescents (36 males and 33 females) had DAI scores between 31 and 35, which indicated severe malocclusion, for which orthodontic intervention was desirable. Incisal segment crowding (84.8%) was the most common aspect of the malocclusion. The mean DMFT score was 4.36 ± 3.81, and 82.8% of the participants had a DMFT score > 0. There was no statistically significant correlation between the mean DAI and DMFT scores (r = 0.090, p = 0.15). Only 16 (6.6%) of the adolescents had minor or no anomaly not needing orthodontic treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of malocclusion and dental caries was found to be high. However, there was no positive correlation between the severity of malocclusion and dental caries among the surveyed disabled adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Dental Health Department, Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Post Box: 60169, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia. sajith.vellappally@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sajith
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vellappally
authors.forename: Seby J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gardens
authors.forename: Abdul-Aziz Abdullah
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Al Kheraif
authors.forename: Madhusudan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krishna
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Babu
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashem
authors.forename: Vimal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: Sukumaran
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anil
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004245:DMF Index; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003970:Diastema; D019988:Children with Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005260:Female; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D061326:Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000453:epidemiology; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000453:epidemiology*; D020380:Needs Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D057887:Overbite / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology