title: Legal liability in bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.
abstract: Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is an adverse reaction that may occur in patients administered with bisphosphonates (BP). This condition can cause high morbidity and hinder quality of life. Its treatment is complex and often unsatisfactory, and prevention strategies may have limited effectiveness, if any. Thus, managing patients treated with BP may result in exposure of the practitioner to legal liability or malpractice claims: legal actions pursuant to BRONJ are reported to be underway on three continents. Nonetheless, the attribution of liability, if any, is a complex process requiring, on the basis of current knowledge, a robust and pragmatic approach to the facts, which must be identified from the point of view of the time, place and individuals involved. This means a comprehensive consideration of the sequence of actions from bisphosphonates prescription to BRONJ occurrence (as well as immediately after, and any action potentially related to its causation or worsening) is required in order to determine if a breach in informing, diagnosing, managing or referring the patient took place, as well as determining if the patient was compliant in attending to prescriptions and follow-up programmes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lo Russo
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ciavarella
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buccelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Di Fede
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Campisi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lo Muzio
authors.affiliation: Private practitioner, Caserta, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pellegrino
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Di Lorenzo
mesh_terms: D059266:Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D016365:Liability, Legal