title: Blood Donor Deferral among Students in Northern Japan: Challenges Ahead.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As Japan's aging society needs more blood, young students comprise a progressively smaller portion of the donor pool. To ensure a safe and sustainable blood supply, it is crucial to select suitable donors. This study aims to evaluate donor deferral rates, causes of deferral, and characteristics of deferred Japanese students.
  
  
  METHODS
  Computerized records of blood centers in northern Japan (Miyagi and Fukushima Prefectures) from March 2010 through March 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 231,361 individuals visiting during the 12-month period, 24,778 were students. Of these, 19,193 (77%) attempted donation, and 5,585 (23%) were deferred. Low hemoglobin, questionnaire-based interview decisions, and medication were the main reasons for temporary deferral. Age, sex, and blood center location were associated with low hemoglobin; donation history and blood center location were associated with medication-based deferral. The odds ratio among female students deferred for low hemoglobin was 35.48 with a 95% CI of 27.74-45.38.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that continued efforts are needed to motivate deferred potential donors to return, to prevent low hemoglobin especially among females, and to review medical interview decisions, while paying close attention to regional differences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Alain Mayindu
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ngoma
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima, Japan ; Department of International Cooperation, Radiation Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenneth E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Nollet
authors.affiliation: Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima, Japan ; Japanese Red Cross, Miyagi Blood Center, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sawamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohto
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yasumura
keywords: Blood donors; Deferral; Japan; Students