title: Chlorella protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced pancreatic β-cell damage.
abstract: Oxidative stress has been implicated in the etiology of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and diabetes. Studies have shown that chlorella could be important in health promotion or disease prevention through its antioxidant capacity. However, whether chlorella has a cytoprotective effect in pancreatic β-cells remains to be elucidated. We investigated the protective effects of chlorella on H2O2-induced oxidative damage in INS-1 (832/13) cells. Chlorella partially restored cell viability after H2O2 toxicity. To further investigate the effects of chlorella on mitochondria function and cellular oxidative stress, we analyzed mitochondria membrane potential, ATP concentrations, and cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Chlorella prevented mitochondria disruption and maintained cellular ATP levels after H2O2 toxicity. It also normalized intracellular levels of ROS to that of control in the presence of H2O2. Chlorella protected cells from apoptosis as indicated by less p-Histone and caspase 3 activation. In addition, chlorella not only enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), but also partially restored the reduced GSIS after H2O2 toxicity. Our results suggest that chlorella is effective in amelioration of cellular oxidative stress and destruction, and therefore protects INS-1 (832/13) cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis and increases insulin secretion. Chlorella should be studied for use in the prevention or treatment of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University , Taichung, Taiwan .
authors.forename: Chia-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Pei-Jane
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Che-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chao
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002708:Chlorella / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000187:drug effects; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000502:physiology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D007328:Insulin; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D005947:Glucose
keywords: chlorella; insulin; oxidative stress; β-cell