title: Performance of pressurized metered-dose inhalers at extreme temperature conditions.
abstract: The performance of pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) under a variety of temperature conditions was investigated. The effects of both inhaler temperature and ambient temperature were considered. The inhaler temperature ranged from -13.0°C to 41.7°C and the ambient temperature ranged from -12.0°C to 41.7°C. The in vitro lung dose was measured for four widely available pMDIs: Airomir(TM) , QVAR(TM) , Symbicort(®) , and Ventolin(®) . The in vitro lung dose through an Alberta Idealized Throat was measured by gravimetric assay, which was verified by UV spectroscopic assay. A decrease in the in vitro lung dose was observed for all evaluated pMDIs when ambient temperature and device temperature were simultaneously reduced, decreasing on average by 70% at the coldest temperatures, whereas increasing on average by 25% at the elevated temperature condition. In vitro lung dose is strongly dependent on both inhaler temperature and ambient temperature with the tested pMDIs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.
authors.forename: Chelsea M D
authors.initials: CMD
authors.lastname: Morin
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Ivey
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.
authors.forename: Jordan T F
authors.initials: JTF
authors.lastname: Titosky
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Suderman
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.
authors.forename: Jason S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Olfert
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vehring
authors.forename: Warren H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Finlay
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D000336:Aerosols; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D001507:Beclomethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D019819:Budesonide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D000069502:Budesonide, Formoterol Fumarate Drug Combination; D004338:Drug Combinations; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D008168:Lung / Q000737:chemistry*; D036501:Metered Dose Inhalers; D010316:Particle Size; D011312:Pressure; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000336:Aerosols; D000069502:Budesonide, Formoterol Fumarate Drug Combination; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004983:Ethanolamines; D019819:Budesonide; D001507:Beclomethasone; D000420:Albuterol
keywords: AiromirTM; QVARTM; Symbicort®; Ventolin®; aerosols; in vitro models; microparticles; pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI); pulmonary drug delivery; stability; temperature