title: The effects of a designer music intervention on patients' anxiety, pain, and experience of colonoscopy: a short report on a pilot study.
abstract: There is a controversy on whether listening to music before or during colonoscopy reduces anxiety and pain and improves satisfaction and compliance with the procedure. This study aimed to establish whether specifically designed music significantly affects anxiety, pain, and experience associated with colonoscopy. In this semirandomized controlled study, 34 patients undergoing a colonoscopy were provided with either muted headphones (n = 17) or headphones playing the investigator-selected music (n = 17) for 10 minutes before and during colonoscopy. Anxiety, pain, sedation dose, and overall experience were measured using quantitative measures and scales. Participants' state anxiety decreased over time (P < .001). However, music did not significantly reduce anxiety (P = .441), pain scores (P = .313), or midazolam (P = .327) or fentanyl doses (P = .295). Despite these findings, 100% of the music group indicated that they would want music if they were to repeat the procedure, as compared with only 50% of those in the nonmusic group wanting to wear muted headphones. Although no significant effects of music on pain, anxiety, and sedation were found, a clear preference for music was expressed, therefore warranting further research on this subject.
authors.affiliation: Fiona Martindale, BPsych (Hons), is Student, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia. Antonina A. Mikocka-Walus, PhD, is Adjunct Senior Research Fellow, School of Nursing and Midwifery and Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia, and School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. Bartlomiej P. Walus, PhD, is Wellcome Trust Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Theatre, Film and Television, University of York, York, England. Hannah Keage, PhD, is Senior Lecturer, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia. Jane M. Andrews, PhD, is Professor, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia, and School of Medicine, University of Adelaide at Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martindale
authors.forename: Antonina A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mikocka-Walus
authors.forename: Bartlomiej P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Walus
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Keage
authors.forename: Jane M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Andrews
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000628:therapy*; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009147:Music Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D010146:Pain; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010865:Pilot Projects