title: Treatment cost evaluation of extrauterine gravidity: a literature review of medical and surgical treatment costs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The diagnosis of extrauterine pregnancy is possible very early giving the patient and doctors treatment options. As the risks and success rate of medical and surgical treatment are similar, the decision is increasingly influenced by cost-effectiveness.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The following article systematically reviews the known literature regarding cost, decision criteria and possible follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature review of extrauterine gravity in combination with cost in the online National Library of Medicine since 1.1.1997 following the PRISMA recommendations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six articles were identified in which the cost of the laparoscopic versus medical treatment is reviewed. In five articles, the medical treatment was shown to be more cost effective and in the sixth article the costs were found to be equal. The cost saving varies between 18 and 88% depending on the consideration of direct and indirect costs. If indirect expenses are considered, the total sum increases with treatment failures. Failure rates are given as up to 27% depending on the type of failure (surgical or medical). These rates seem to be linked indirectly with the β-HCG levels. Predictive parameters for the successful medical treatment are missing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The treatment of small extrauterine gravidities in haemodynamically stable patients (defined by HCG levels <1,500 IU/l) is medically successful and cost-effective. With HCG levels between 1,500 IU/l and 3,000 IU/l, the treatment costs are similar. HCG levels >5,000 IU/l favour the surgical treatment as being more cost-effective. A similar cut-off for the sonographic imaging is missing.
authors.affiliation: Universitätsfrauenklinik Ulm, Prittwitzstr. 43, 89075, Ulm, Germany, florian.ebner@uniklinik-ulm.de.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ebner
authors.forename: Dominic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Varga
authors.forename: Friederike
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sorg
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vorwerk
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schochter
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Janni
authors.forename: Achim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wöckel
authors.forename: Nikolaus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: DeGregorio
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D020073:Gravidity; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000191:economics; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000191:economics; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy*; D014481:United States