title: Misleading face-based judgment of cognitive level in intellectual disability: the case of trisomy 21 (Down syndrome).
abstract: People spontaneously use faces to make inferences about other's personality traits or abilities, which generally lead to invalid conclusions. Here, we show first evidence that perceived variations in the facial appearance of 20 children with trisomy 21 (t21) influence how they are perceived in terms of intelligence (or intellectual disability), the more "trisomic" faces being rated as less intelligent (or more intellectually disabled). Despite high degrees of inter-rater agreement (80 raters), these inferences were unrelated to individuals' actual test scores which were also unrelated to perceived facial appearance. All these findings indicate that social inferences about intelligence based on facial appearance are unreliable even in groups characterized by a genetic disorder such as t21.
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LPC UMR 7290, Fédération de recherche 3C, 13331 Marseille, France. Electronic address: claire.enea-drapeau@univ-amu.fr.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Enea-Drapeau
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LPC UMR 7290, Fédération de recherche 3C, 13331 Marseille, France. Electronic address: pascal.huguet@univ-amu.fr.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huguet
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LPC UMR 7290, Fédération de recherche 3C, 13331 Marseille, France. Electronic address: michele.carlier@univ-amu.fr.
authors.forename: Michèle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carlier
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003072:Cognition Disorders; D004314:Down Syndrome; D005145:Face; D019066:Facies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability; D007600:Judgment; D008297:Male; D012938:Social Perception; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Down syndrome; Face-based judgment; Facial appearance; Intellectual disability; Intelligence; Social judgment; Social perception