title: [Application of in vitro bionic digestion and biomembrane extraction for metal speciation analysis, bioavailability and risk assessment in lianhua qingwen capsule].
abstract: One of the causes of the high cost of pharmaceuticals and the major obstacles to rapidly assessing the bioavailability and risk of a chemical is the lack of experimental model systems. A new pre-treatment technology, in vitro bionic digestion was designed for metal analysis in Lianhua Qingwen capsule. The capsule was digested on 37 degrees C under the acidity of the stomach or intestine, and with the inorganic and organic compounds (including digestive enzymes) found in the stomach or intestine, and then the chyme was obtained. Being similar to the biomembrane between the gastrointestinal tract and blood vessels, monolayer liposome was used as biomembrane model Affinity-monolayer liposome metals (AMLMs) and water-soluble metals were used for metal speciation analysis in the capsule. Based on the concentration of AMLMs, the main absorption site of trace metals was proposed. The metal total contents or the concentration of AMLMs in the capsule were compared to the nutritional requirements, daily permissible dose and heavy metal total contents from the "import and export of medicinal plants and preparation of green industry state standards". The metal concentrations in the capsule were within the safety baseline levels for human consumption. After in vitro bionic digestion, most of trace metals were absorbed mainly in intestine. The concentration of As, Cd, Pb was 0.38, 0.07, 1.60 mg x kg(-1), respectively, far less than the permissible dose from the "import and export of medicinal plants and preparation of green industry state standards".
authors.forename: Lu-Xiu
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Shun-Xing
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Feng-Ying
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D002214:Capsules / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004063:Digestion; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008954:Models, Biological; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014131:Trace Elements