title: The genome of Coxiella burnetii Z3055, a clone linked to the Netherlands Q fever outbreaks, provides evidence for the role of drift in the emergence of epidemic clones.
abstract: Coxiella burnetii is a pathogen causing Q fever. The aim of our work was to study Z3055, a strain that is genotypically related to the strain causing the Netherlands outbreak. We compared Z3055 to 5 other completed genomes available in GenBank. We calculated the blast score ratio (BSR) to analyze genetic differences among the strains. The ratio core genome/pangenome was 98% likely other bacteria with closed pangenomes. Differences between Z3055 and the reference NMI consisted only of point mutations and insertion/deletion (INDELs). Non-synonymous mutations significantly increased in genes coding for membrane proteins (16/156 vs 103/1757, bilateral Chi(2) test, p<0.05), ankyrin repeat domains containing proteins (2/9 vs 117/1904, bilateral Chi(2) test, p<0.05), transcription factors (7/53 vs 112/1860, bilateral Chi(2) test, p<0.05) and translation proteins (15/144 vs 109/1655, bilateral Chi(2) test, p<0.05). The evolution of this strain may have been driven by mutations in critical genes.
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, 13005 Marseille, France. Electronic address: felicettadamato@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Felicetta
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: D'Amato
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, 13005 Marseille, France. Electronic address: laetitia.rouli@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Laetitia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rouli
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, 13005 Marseille, France. Electronic address: soph.edouard@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Edouard
authors.affiliation: Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Karlsruhe, Weißenburger Straße 3, Abteilung 7, Karlsruhe 76187, Germany. Electronic address: judith.tyczka@cvuaka.bwl.de.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tyczka
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, 13005 Marseille, France. Electronic address: matthieumillion@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Matthieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Million
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, 13005 Marseille, France. Electronic address: catherine.robert@univmed.fr.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robert
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, 13005 Marseille, France. Electronic address: evenguyen1@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Thi Tien
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, 13005 Marseille, France. Electronic address: didier.raoult@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Raoult
mesh_terms: D017089:Ankyrin Repeat / Q000235:genetics; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002999:Clone Cells; D016997:Coxiella burnetii / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D040961:Genetic Drift; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D054643:INDEL Mutation; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D017354:Point Mutation; D011778:Q Fever / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors
keywords: Coxiella burnetii; Epidemic; Netherlands; Z3055