title: Paired evaluation of calvarial reconstruction with prototyped titanium implants with and without ceramic coating.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the osseointegration properties of prototyped implants with tridimensionally interconnected pores made of the Ti6Al4V alloy and the influence of a thin calcium phosphate coating.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bilateral critical size calvarial defects were created in thirty Wistar rats and filled with coated and uncoated implants in a randomized fashion. The animals were kept for 15, 45 and 90 days. Implant mechanical integration was evaluated with a push-out test. Bone-implant interface was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maximum force to produce initial displacement of the implants increased during the study period, reaching values around 100N for both types of implants. Intimate contact between bone and implant was present, with progressive bone growth into the pores. No significant differences were seen between coated and uncoated implants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adequate osseointegration can be achieved in calvarial reconstructions using prototyped Ti6Al4V Implants with the described characteristics of surface and porosity.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Davi Reis
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Calderoni
authors.affiliation: Center for Biological Investigation on Laboratory Animals Science, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rovilson
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gilioli
authors.affiliation: Department of Products and Processes Development, School of Chemical Engineering, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: André Luiz Jardini
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Munhoz
authors.affiliation: Department of Products and Processes Development, School of Chemical Engineering, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rubens
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maciel Filho
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cecília Amélia de Carvalho
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Zavaglia
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, Institute of Physics Gleb Wataghin, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Salles
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Engineering, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eder Socrates Najar
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ivan Felizardo Contrera
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Toro
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medical Sciences, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kharmandayan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012886:Skull / Q000601:surgery*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; C070282:Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy; C020243:calcium phosphate; D014025:Titanium