title: Development of a reference dose for BDE-47, 99, and 209 using benchmark dose methods.
abstract: Eleven recently completed toxicological studies were critically reviewed to identify toxicologically significant endpoints and dose-response information. Dose-response data were compiled and entered into the USEPA's benchmark dose software (BMDS) for calculation of a benchmark dose (BMD) and a benchmark dose low (BMDL). After assessing 91 endpoints across the nine studies, a total of 23 of these endpoints were identified for BMD modeling, and BMDL estimates corresponding to various dose-response models were compiled for these separate endpoints. Thyroid, neurobehavior and reproductive endpoints for BDE-47, -99, -209 were quantitatively evaluated. According to methods and feature of each study, different uncertainty factor (UF) value was decided and subsequently reference doses (RfDs) were proposed. Consistent with USEPA, the lowest BMDLs of 2.10, 81.77, and 1698 µg/kg were used to develop RfDs for BDE-47, -99, and -209, respectively. RfDs for BDE-99 and BDE-209 were comparable to EPA results, and however, RfD of BDE-47 was much lower than that of EPA, which may result from that reproductive/developmental proves to be more sensitive than neurobehavior for BDE-47 and the principal study uses very-low-dose exposure.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Lu Xi
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Minhang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201101, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Bing Heng
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Xiang Zhou
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Chang Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Yun Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats; D012015:Reference Standards; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers