title: Lower values of VEGF in endometrial secretion are a possible cause of subfertility in non-atopic asthmatic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Using endometrial secretion analysis, we assessed whether altered inflammatory cytokine levels can be detected in the uterine environment in asthma patients, thereby providing a possible cause of reduced fertility in asthmatics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four unexplained infertile women (aged 28-44) underwent asthma and allergy testing, questionnaires, endometrial secretion and blood samples in the mid-secretory phase of the menstrual cycle (day 19-23) during assisted reproduction. Differences in cytokines and growth factors were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean log-VEGF in uteri was lower in asthma patients compared with controls (2.29 versus 2.70, p = 0.028). This was mainly due to lower values of VEGF among women with non-atopic asthma compared with women with atopic asthma (1.86 versus 2.72, p = 0.009) and with healthy controls (1.86 versus 2.70, p = 0.01). Asthma treatment status had no effect on VEGF levels in uteri. Serum high sensitivity CRP was negatively correlated with VEGF in endometrial secretions. No other significant correlations were observed between peripheral blood values and markers found in utero.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Asthma is associated with lower values of VEGF in uterine endometrial secretions, which might affect the receptiveness of the endometrium and thereby increase time to pregnancy. The effect appears to be associated with non-atopic asthma with general increased systemic inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Research Unit, Department of respiratory medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital , Bispebjerg Bakke, Copenhagen , Denmark .
authors.forename: Elisabeth Juul
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Gade
authors.forename: Simon Francis
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Thomsen
authors.forename: Svend
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lindenberg
authors.forename: Nick S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Macklon
authors.forename: Vibeke
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Backer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004717:Endometrium / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
keywords: Asthma; VEGF; endometrial secretion samples; infertility; systemic inflammation