title: The impact of Ghana's R3M programme on the provision of safe abortions and postabortion care.
abstract: In 2006, in response to the high maternal mortality, driven largely by unsafe abortions, the government of Ghana, in partnership with other organizations, launched the reducing maternal mortality and morbidity (R3M) programme in seven districts in Greater Accra, Ashanti and Eastern, to improve comprehensive abortion care services. This article examines whether this intervention made a difference to the provision of safe abortion services and postabortion care (PAC). We also examine the role played by provider attitudes and knowledge of the abortion law, on providers with clinical training in service provision. Primary data on health care providers in Ghana, collected using a quasi-experimental design, were analysed using propensity score weighting. Apart from the treatment group, the sample included two controls: (1) Districts in Accra, Ashanti and Eastern, not exposed to the treatment; and (2) Districts from distant Brong Ahafo, also not exposed to the treatment. The findings show that providers in the treatment group are nearly 16 times as likely to provide safe abortions compared with their peers in Brong Ahafo, and ∼2.5 times as likely compared with providers in the other control group. R3M providers were also different from their peers in providing PAC. Associations between provider attitudes and knowledge of the law on both outcomes were either non-significant or inconsistent including for providers with clinical knowledge of abortion provision. Provider confidence however is strongly associated with service provision. We conclude that the R3M programme is helping safe abortion provision, with the differences being greater with control groups that are geographically distant, perhaps owing to lower contamination from movement of providers between facilities. Increasing provider confidence is key to improving both safe abortion provision and PAC.
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY, USA, Centro de Estudios Demográfico, Urbanos y Ambientales, El Colegio de Méico, Mexico and Institute for Statistical, Social, and Economic Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana asundaram@guttmacher.org.
authors.forename: Aparna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sundaram
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY, USA, Centro de Estudios Demográfico, Urbanos y Ambientales, El Colegio de Méico, Mexico and Institute for Statistical, Social, and Economic Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana Research Division, Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY, USA, Centro de Estudios Demográfico, Urbanos y Ambientales, El Colegio de Méico, Mexico and Institute for Statistical, Social, and Economic Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
authors.forename: Fatima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Juarez
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY, USA, Centro de Estudios Demográfico, Urbanos y Ambientales, El Colegio de Méico, Mexico and Institute for Statistical, Social, and Economic Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
authors.forename: Clement
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ahiadeke
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY, USA, Centro de Estudios Demográfico, Urbanos y Ambientales, El Colegio de Méico, Mexico and Institute for Statistical, Social, and Economic Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
authors.forename: Akinrinola
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bankole
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY, USA, Centro de Estudios Demográfico, Urbanos y Ambientales, El Colegio de Méico, Mexico and Institute for Statistical, Social, and Economic Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
authors.forename: Nakeisha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Blades
mesh_terms: D000028:Abortion, Induced / Q000401:mortality* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000359:Aftercare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D005260:Female; D005869:Ghana / Q000453:epidemiology; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D008428:Maternal Mortality / Q000639:trends; D061214:Patient Safety / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011247:Pregnancy
keywords: Abortion; Ghana; programme evaluation; propensity score analysis