title: A holistic view of dietary carbohydrate utilization in lobster: digestion, postprandial nutrient flux, and metabolism.
abstract: Crustaceans exhibit a remarkable variation in their feeding habits and food type, but most knowledge on carbohydrate digestion and utilization in this group has come from research on few species. The aim of this study was to make an integrative analysis of dietary carbohydrate utilization in the spiny lobster Panulirus argus. We used complementary methodologies such as different assessments of digestibility, activity measurements of digestive and metabolic enzymes, and post-feeding flux of nutrients and metabolites. Several carbohydrates were well digested by the lobster, but maize starch was less digestible than all other starches studied, and its inclusion in diet affected protein digestibility. Most intense hydrolysis of carbohydrates in the gastric chamber of lobster occurred between 2-6 h after ingestion and afterwards free glucose increased in hemolymph. The inclusion of wheat in diet produced a slow clearance of glucose from the gastric fluid and a gradual increase in hemolymph glucose. More intense hydrolysis of protein in the gastric chamber occurred 6-12 h after ingestion and then amino acids tended to increase in hemolymph. Triglyceride concentration in hemolymph rose earlier in wheat-fed lobsters than in lobsters fed other carbohydrates, but it decreased the most 24 h later. Analyses of metabolite levels and activities of different metabolic enzymes revealed that intermolt lobsters had a low capacity to store and use glycogen, although it was slightly higher in wheat-fed lobsters. Lobsters fed maize and rice diets increased amino acid catabolism, while wheat-fed lobsters exhibited higher utilization of fatty acids. Multivariate analysis confirmed that the type of carbohydrate ingested had a profound effect on overall metabolism. Although we found no evidence of a protein-sparing effect of dietary carbohydrate, differences in the kinetics of their digestion and absorption impacted lobster metabolism determining the fate of other nutrients.
authors.affiliation: Center for Marine Research, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba; Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI-MAR), University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
authors.forename: Leandro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Viera
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, ICMAN-CSIC, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
authors.forename: Erick
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Perera
authors.affiliation: Center for Marine Research, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casuso
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, Center for Pharmaceuticals Research and Development, Havana, Cuba.
authors.forename: Rolando
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Perdomo-Morales
authors.affiliation: Institute for Animal Science, Mayabeque, Cuba.
authors.forename: Odilia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.affiliation: Institute for Animal Science, Mayabeque, Cuba.
authors.forename: Idania
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Scull
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba.
authors.forename: Olimpia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Carrillo
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, ICMAN-CSIC, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martos-Sitcha
authors.affiliation: Center for Marine Research, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba.
authors.forename: Tsai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: García-Galano
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI-MAR), University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mancera
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D004063:Digestion; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005750:Gastric Juice / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000378:metabolism; D006868:Hydrolysis; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D033521:Palinuridae / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D011506:Proteins; D014280:Triglycerides; D005947:Glucose