title: The association between the ratio of monocytes: lymphocytes and risk of tuberculosis among HIV-infected postpartum women.
abstract: Recent human studies support historical animal studies that suggested an association between peripheral blood monocyte:lymphocyte (ML) ratio and tuberculosis (TB) disease. To evaluate generalizability of this finding, we modeled the association between peripartum ML ratio and incident TB disease within 18 months postpartum among 1202 HIV-infected women in South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. The ML ratio was associated with increased risk of TB disease independently to combination antiretroviral therapy, World Health Organization stage, or CD4 count (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.22, 95% confidence interval: 1.07 to 1.4, P = 0.003 per 0.1 unit increase in ML ratio).
authors.affiliation: *Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics Jenner Institute-Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; †Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Center for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, and Women's Health and HIV Research Unit, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; ‡University of Zimbabwe College of Medicine Harare, Harare, Zimbabwe; §Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda; ‖Department of Paediatrics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; ¶Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; #FHI 360, Research Triangle Park, School of Medicine, Durham, NC; **School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and ††Maternal Adolescent and Child Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Naranbhai
authors.forename: Dhayendre
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moodley
authors.forename: Tsungai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chipato
authors.forename: Lynda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stranix-Chibanda
authors.forename: Clemensia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nakabaiito
authors.forename: Moreen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamateeka
authors.forename: Philippa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Musoke
authors.forename: Karim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Manji
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Lynda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Emel
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Andrew
authors.forename: MaryGlenn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: McShane
authors.forename: Hoosen M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Coovadia
authors.forename: Adrian V S
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Hill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D055815:Young Adult