title: Unraveling the complex relationship triad between lipids, obesity, and inflammation.
abstract: Obesity today stands at the intersection between inflammation and metabolic disorders causing an aberration of immune activity, and resulting in increased risk for diabetes, atherosclerosis, fatty liver, and pulmonary inflammation to name a few. Increases in mortality and morbidity in obesity related inflammation have initiated studies to explore different lipid mediated molecular pathways of attempting resolution that uncover newer therapeutic opportunities of anti-inflammatory components. Majorly the thromboxanes, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, lipoxins, and so forth form the group of lipid mediators influencing inflammation. Of special mention are the omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids that regulate inflammatory mediators of interest in hepatocytes and adipocytes via the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. They also exhibit profound effects on eicosanoid production. The inflammatory cyclooxygenase pathway arising from arachidonic acid is a critical step in the progression of inflammatory responses. New oxygenated products of omega-3 metabolism, namely, resolvins and protectins, behave as endogenous mediators exhibiting powerful anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory actions via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). In this review we attempt to discuss the complex pathways and links between obesity and inflammation particularly in relation to different lipid mediators.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Nutrition, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Shahida A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biotechnology, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ashraf
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5267-2608
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: National Brain Research Center, Manesar, Gurgaon District, Haryana 122 051, India.
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Nutrition, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Solafa A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Zahran
authors.affiliation: King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ghazi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Damanhouri
authors.affiliation: Special Infectious Agents Unit, Biosafety Level 3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia ; Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Esam
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1736-181X
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Azhar
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biotechnology, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ishtiaq
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4334-0585
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Qadri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D008055:Lipids; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; D016718:Arachidonic Acid