title: Petroleum ether extractive of the hips of Rosa multiflora ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The hip of Rosa multiflora Thunb. (HRM) has been traditionally used as a dietary supplement and a herbal remedy for the treatment of various diseases, including inflammation, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and chronic pain, in China. The current study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the petroleum ether extractive of HRM (PEE) on type II collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis (CIA) in male Wistar rats. In addition, the anti-inflammatory mechanism(s) of PEE on type II CIA was explored.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was induced by intradermal injection of bovine type II collagen on Day 1 and Day 8. Starting from Day 13, normal rats were treated with vehicle (serving as the control group); the CIA rats were treated with vehicle (CIA group), dexamethasone (0.25mg/kg bw per day, p.o.) (a positive control), lei-gong-teng (LGT: 10mg/kg bw per day, p.o.) (a clinically used Chinese patent medicine in RA therapy) or PEE (12, 36 or 120mg/kg bw per day, p.o.) for 28 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PEE (120mg/kg bw per day) efficiently attenuated the severity of arthritis in the CIA rats by reducing the mean arthritis severity scores and the fore/hind paw swelling as well as reduced histological changes by decreasing the cartilage surface erosion and cartilage proteoglan depletion. PEE׳s therapeutic effect in RA may involve the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, in serum and/or the elevation of the activities of hepatic anti-oxidative enzymes including SOD, CAT and GSH-Px. However, the detailed anti-inflammatory mechanism, the main effective components and the interaction between different ingredients in PEE are still not clear and require more studies.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Shenzhen 518057, PR China.
authors.forename: Jianhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Shenzhen 518057, PR China.
authors.forename: Xingxian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Shenzhen 518057, PR China; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong China.
authors.forename: Chi-on
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Shenzhen 518057, PR China; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong China.
authors.forename: Daniel K W
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Mok
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Shenzhen 518057, PR China; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong China. Electronic address: sw.chan@polyu.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Shun-wan
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong China; Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Zhiling
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Shenzhen 518057, PR China; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong China; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China. Electronic address: sibao.chen@polyu.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Sibao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000473:Alkanes / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002417:Cattle; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000633:toxicity; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D027826:Rosa / Q000737:chemistry*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000473:Alkanes; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D024043:Collagen Type II; D010936:Plant Extracts; C041579:lei gong teng; D003907:Dexamethasone; C004544:naphtha
keywords: 17-pentatriacontene (PubChem CID 5365022); Autoimmune disease; Chinese medicinal herb; Heptadecane (PubChem CID: 12398); Hip of Rosa multiflora Thunb.; Nonacosane (PubChem CID: 12409); Rheumatoid arthritis; Tumor necrosis factor-α; Vitamin E (PubChem CID: 14985); linoleic acid (PubChem CID 5280450)