title: Intraoperative imaging-guided cancer surgery: from current fluorescence molecular imaging methods to future multi-modality imaging technology.
abstract: Cancer is a major threat to human health. Diagnosis and treatment using precision medicine is expected to be an effective method for preventing the initiation and progression of cancer. Although anatomical and functional imaging techniques such as radiography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) have played an important role for accurate preoperative diagnostics, for the most part these techniques cannot be applied intraoperatively. Optical molecular imaging is a promising technique that provides a high degree of sensitivity and specificity in tumor margin detection. Furthermore, existing clinical applications have proven that optical molecular imaging is a powerful intraoperative tool for guiding surgeons performing precision procedures, thus enabling radical resection and improved survival rates. However, detection depth limitation exists in optical molecular imaging methods and further breakthroughs from optical to multi-modality intraoperative imaging methods are needed to develop more extensive and comprehensive intraoperative applications. Here, we review the current intraoperative optical molecular imaging technologies, focusing on contrast agents and surgical navigation systems, and then discuss the future prospects of multi-modality imaging technology for intraoperative imaging-guided cancer surgery.
authors.affiliation: 1. Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
authors.forename: Chongwei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: 1. Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: 1. Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
authors.forename: Jinzuo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: 3. Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Deqiang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kou
authors.affiliation: 3. Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Jingdan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: 3. Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Jiandong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1. Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: 2. Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaoyuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000639:trends; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Indocyanine green.; Intraoperative imaging-guided cancer surgery; Multi-modality Imaging; Near-infrared fluorescence; Optical molecular imaging