title: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: a rare complication after microwave ablation.
abstract: Three cases are reported of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) occurring after microwave ablation (MWA) for lung tumours. This is a rare complication that has not previously been described in the literature. The diagnosis of IPA was based on the following factors: host factors, clinical manifestations and mycological findings. The first case was a 63-year-old man treated for primary lung squamous carcinoma. Significant tumour regression was achieved by 18 days after MWA, medical treatment with itraconazole for 6 weeks, and postural drainage. The second case, a 65-year-old man, was confirmed with primary lung squamous cell carcinoma. Voriconazole administration using intravenous infusion combined with intracavitary lavage was therapeutically effective after MWA at 1 year follow-up. The third case was a 61-year-old woman with primary lung adenocarcinoma. Delayed pneumothorax and bronchopleural fistula secondary to IPA persisted. The patient died from secondary multiple organ function failure. Despite its very low incidence, the significance of early diagnosis and early administration of antifungal therapy should be highlighted because of the relentless severity of IPA in patients undergoing MWA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University and.
authors.forename: Guanghui
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Zhigang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Wenhong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiaoying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Aimin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D055011:Ablation Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D055744:Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008872:Microwaves; D008875:Middle Aged; D065819:Voriconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D017964:Itraconazole; D065819:Voriconazole
keywords: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis; lung neoplasms; microwave ablation