title: Clinical predictors associated with full remission versus episode of major depressive disorder outpatients: the experience at a teaching hospital in Taiwan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  When depressed patients are in remission, the clinical characteristics indicate that they are able to participate in social activities more regularly, and their impairment in daily functioning is improved. The present study examines the clinical characteristics associated with one- and two month clinical response in outpatients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 160 outpatients were initially recruited from the medical centre in Taiwan. Of these participants, 151 MDD patients completed the baseline-assessment interview, 111 were interviewed and assessed again 4 weeks later, and 78 completed the final interview and assessment 8 weeks later. In the present study, asymptomatic was defined as scoring ≤ 7 on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D); partially symptomatic was defined as scoring 8-14; fully symptomatic was defined as scoring ≥15. Finally, asymptomatic, partially symptomatic, and fully symptomatic were defined in patients with MDD respectively as in full remission, in persistent depressive symptom, and in episode.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the remaining 78 patients, a total of 21 (26.9%) were in full remission, 35 (44.9%) were in persistent depressive symptom, and 22 (28.2%) were in episode. Patients in full remission were older (p = 0.03), exhibited greater psychosocial functioning, (p < 0.001), held more-positive beliefs regarding antidepressant medication (p = 0.03), had higher self-efficacy (p = 0.001), and scored lower for neuroticism (p = 0.003), as compared to patients in episode. Younger patients were more prevalent in persistent depression. Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed that differences in four factors (psychosocial functioning, beliefs regarding antidepressant medication, self-efficacy in managing and preventing depression, and neuroticism) were significantly different between full remission and episode. Episode was significantly associated with psychosocial-functioning impairment (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.00-1.26) and poorer self-efficacy (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.82-1.00).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings identify significant factors of full remission, persistent depressive symptom, and episode. We highlight the importance of enhancing patients' psychosocial functioning and self-efficacy until achieving full remission. Suggestions are provided for clinical health-care management services in Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mei-Yu
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Su-Ching
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Tao-Hsin
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Tung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000075384:Neuroticism; D010045:Outpatients / Q000523:psychology; D012074:Remission Induction; D020377:Self Efficacy; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents