title: Push-out bond strength of RealSeal SE and AH Plus after using different irrigation solutions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the influence of different endodontic irrigants (sodium hypochlorite [NaOCl], chlorhexidine [CHX], and EDTA) on the push-out bond strength of the obturation materials RealSeal SE (SybronEndo, Orange, CA) and AH Plus (Dentsply International Inc, York, PA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred human root canals were prepared and divided into 2 groups according to the filling material (RealSeal SE vs AH Plus). Each group was subdivided into 5 groups according to the irrigation protocol (0.9% saline [control], 3% NaOCl, 3% NaOCl with saline, 17% EDTA, and 2% CHX). After obturation, roots were sliced into 1-mm discs for push-out assessment. Compressive loading was performed using an universal testing machine at a speed of 0.5 mm/min. Two-way analysis of variance and the Kruskal-Wallis test were performed for pair-wise comparisons to assess the differences between the experimental groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AH Plus exhibited a significantly higher bond strength than RealSeal SE (mean = 2.53 and 1.53 MPa, respectively; P < .05), except with saline alone (P > .05). Within the AH Plus groups, no significant differences existed between the irrigants and saline alone (P > .05). The bond strength of RealSeal SE with saline alone or with NaOCl and saline did not differ from that of AH Plus with saline alone (P > .05). However, the push-out bond strength of RealSeal SE decreased by approximately half (P < .05 compared with RealSeal SE with saline alone) after rinsing with NaOCl alone, EDTA, or CHX.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The bond strength of RealSeal SE is highly influenced by the irrigant used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
authors.forename: Reimund
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stelzer
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans-Günter
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Schaller
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany. Electronic address: christian.gernhardt@uk-halle.de.
authors.forename: Christian Ralf
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Gernhardt
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000737:chemistry*; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000379:methods; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D004853:Epoxy Resins; C511498:Real Seal composite resin; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; C534916:epoxy resin-based root canal sealer; C486892:resilon sealer; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D006171:Gutta-Percha; D004492:Edetic Acid; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D002710:Chlorhexidine
keywords: AH Plus; EDTA; RealSeal SE; chlorhexidine; push-out bond strength; sodium hypochlorite