title: Quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic assessment of naturally occurring pancreatitis in dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) can detect pancreatic perfusion changes in experimentally induced canine pancreatitis. However, its usefulness in detecting perfusion changes in naturally occurring pancreatitis is unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the feasibility of using CEUS to detect pancreatic and duodenal perfusion changes in naturally occurring canine pancreatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three client-owned dogs with pancreatitis, 12 healthy control dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs diagnosed with pancreatitis were prospectively included. CEUS of the pancreas and duodenum were performed. Time-intensity curves were created from regions of interest in the pancreas and duodenum. Five perfusion parameters were obtained for statistical analyses: time to initial up-slope, peak time (Tp), time to wash-out (TTW), peak intensity (PI), and area under the curve (AUC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the pancreas, Tp of the pancreatitis group was prolonged when compared to controls (62 ± 11 seconds versus 39 ± 13 seconds; P < .001). TTW also was prolonged but not significantly (268 ± 69 seconds versus 228 ± 47 seconds; P = .47). PI and AUC were increased when compared to controls (95 ± 15 versus 78 ± 13 MPV; P = .009 and 14,900 ± 3,400 versus 11,000 ± 2,800 MPV*s; P = .013, respectively). For the duodenum, PI and AUC were significantly increased in the pancreatitis group when compared to controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography can detect pancreatic perfusion changes in naturally occurring canine pancreatitis characterized by delayed peak with prolonged hyperechoic enhancement of the pancreas on CEUS. Additionally, duodenal perfusion changes secondary to pancreatitis were observed.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morishita
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Osuga
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takiguchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: Contrast-ultrasound; Inflammation; Pancreas; Perfusion