title: Synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose from waste of cotton ginning industry.
abstract: The aim of present work was to isolate cellulose from cotton gin waste (CGW) and synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) from it. Scoured and bleached CGW was used to investigate the effects of temperature, reaction time, acid-base concentration on the physiology of the resultant cellulose polymer. The isolated cellulose from CGW was converted to CMC by etherification using sodium monochloroacetic acid and different sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentrations (5-40 g/100mL) were tested to get high quality product. The optimum condition for carboxymethylation was found to be 20 g/100mL NaOH which provided the highest viscosity and degree of substitution (DS=0.874). Isolated cellulose and CMC were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FT-IR analysis revealed that the produced cellulose was of very good quality. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis spotlighted crystalline nature of cellulose. SEM images showed rough structure of cellulose while that of the CMC had a smooth surface. This optimized method will be tested at pilot scale in collaboration with local industry.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Noor
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haleem
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan. Electronic address: marshad@iese.nust.edu.pk.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arshad
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shahid
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Ashraf
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Tahir
keywords: Biowaste; Bleaching; CMC; Carboxymethyl cellulose (PubChem CID: 6328154); Cellulose; Cotton gin waste; Ethanol (PubChem CID: 702); Etherification; Glacial acetic acid (PubChem CID: 176); Hydrochloric acid (PubChem CID: 313); Isopropanol (PubChem CID: 3776); Methanol (PubChem CID: 887); Monochloroacetic acid (PubChem CID: 300); Nitric acid (PubChem CID: 944); Sodium hydroxide (PubChem CID: 14798); Sulphuric acid (PubChem CID: 1118)