title: Proposed Motor Scoring System in a Porcine Model of Parkinson's Disease induced by Chronic Subcutaneous Injection of MPTP.
abstract: Destruction of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) is a common pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Characteristics of PD patients include bradykinesia, muscle rigidity, tremor at rest and disturbances in balance. For about four decades, PD animal models have been produced by toxin-induced or gene-modified techniques. However, in mice, none of the gene-modified models showed all 4 major criteria of PD. Moreover, distinguishing between PD model pigs and normal pigs has not been well established. Therefore, we planned to produce a pig model for PD by chronic subcutaneous administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), neurotoxin. Changes in behavioral patterns of pigs were thoroughly evaluated and a new motor scoring system was established for this porcine model that was based on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) in human PD patients. In summary, this motor scoring system could be helpful to analyze the porcine PD model and to confirm the pathology prior to further examinations, such as positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT), which is expensive, and invasive immunohistochemistry (IHC) of the brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Joon Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Optipharm Inc., Cheongwon 363-954, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea. ; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung-Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Im
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea. ; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Soo
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Jung
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Kilyoung
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Optipharm Inc., Cheongwon 363-954, Korea.
authors.forename: Su Bin
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Hyun
authors.affiliation: Optipharm Inc., Cheongwon 363-954, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Optipharm Inc., Cheongwon 363-954, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyunil
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea. ; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea. ; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyo Eun
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea. ; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea. ; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Woo
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea.
authors.forename: Hong Jae
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Toolgen, INC., Seoul 153-783, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Ji
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Toolgen, INC., Seoul 153-783, Korea.
authors.forename: Seokjoong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea. ; Institute of Green BioScience & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 232-916, Korea.
authors.forename: Byeong Chun
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea. ; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea. ; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Ha
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Paek
keywords: 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP); Parkinson's disease; pig; scoring analysis