title: Magnolia officinalis attenuates free fatty acid-induced lipogenesis via AMPK phosphorylation in hepatocytes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Magnolia officinalis (MO) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has been used in clinical practice to treat liver disease. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of MO on the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver in hepatocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human hepatoma-derived HepG2 cells and mouse normal FL83B hepatocytes were exposed to 0.5mM free fatty acids (FFAs; oleate:palmitate, 2:1) for 24h to simulate conditions of nonalcoholic fatty liver in vitro. The cells were treated with a standardized MO extract 1h prior to FFA exposure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MO pretreatment attenuated the increases in intracellular lipid accumulation and triglyceride content in FFA-exposed hepatocytes in a dose-dependent manner. MO pretreatment significantly inhibited both sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c activation and increases in fatty acid translocase, fatty acid synthase, and stearoyl CoA desaturase-1 protein expression in FFA-exposed hepatocytes in a dose-dependent manner. MO pretreatment markedly induced adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in hepatocytes. Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, blocked the inhibitory effect of MO on the increases in intracellular lipid accumulation and triglyceride content induced by FFAs. In hepatocytes pretreated with compound C, MO failed to inhibit SREBP-1c activation and the increases in fatty acid translocase, fatty acid synthase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 protein expression induced by FFAs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that MO attenuates triglyceride biosynthesis and accumulation induced by FFAs in hepatocytes, suggesting its pharmacological potential for the prevention of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. These effects may be mediated by the inhibition of SREBP-1c via AMPK phosphorylation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 816-15 Jinjudaero, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min Suk
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: R&D Center, Huons Co. Ltd., Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Woon
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: R&D Center, Huons Co. Ltd., Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Hum
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yeon
authors.affiliation: R&D Center, Huons Co. Ltd., Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Mok
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: R&D Center, Huons Co. Ltd., Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Key An
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Um
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 816-15 Jinjudaero, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 816-15 Jinjudaero, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 816-15 Jinjudaero, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Churl
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 816-15 Jinjudaero, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: parksw@gnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sang Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000378:metabolism; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D050155:Lipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D031566:Magnolia / Q000737:chemistry*; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D051379:Mice; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D010936:Plant Extracts; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: AMP-activated protein kinase; Magnolia officinalis; Nonalcoholic fatty liver; Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c