title: Syndecan-1 is a potential biomarker for triple-positive breast carcinomas in Asian women with correlation to survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While overexpression of syndecan-1 has been associated with aggressive breast cancer in the Caucasian population, the expression pattern of syndecan-1 in Asian women remains unclear. Triple-positive breast carcinoma, in particular, is a unique subtype that has not been extensively studied. We aimed to evaluate the role of syndecan-1 as a potential biomarker and prognostic factor for triple-positive breast carcinoma in Asian women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using immunohistochemistry, staining scores of 61 triple‑positive breast carcinoma specimens were correlated with patients' clinicopathological variables such as age, ethnicity, tumour size, histological grade, lymph node status, lymphovascular invasion, associated ductal carcinoma in situ grade, recurrence and overall survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Syndecan-1 had intense staining scores in triple‑positive invasive ductal breast carcinomas when compared to normal breast tissue. On multivariate analysis, syndecan-1 epithelial total percentage and immunoreactivity score showed statistical correlation with survival (p = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intense staining scores of syndecan-1 and their correlation with overall survival in patients with triple-positive breast carcinoma suggest that syndecan-1 may have a role as a biological and prognostic marker in patients with this specific subtype of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Breast Department, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899. ghlimsg@yahoo.com.sg.
authors.forename: Geok-Hoon
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Puay-Hoon
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Ana Richelia
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Jara-Lazaro
authors.forename: Aye Aye
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Thike
authors.forename: Wey-Cheng
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.forename: Von-Bing
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Yap
authors.forename: George Wai-Cheong
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Yip
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000145:classification / Q000401:mortality*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism; D053668:Syndecan-1 / Q000097:blood*; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D053668:Syndecan-1; C506487:ESR1 protein, human; C508241:SDC1 protein, human; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human