title: Significant rise of the prevalence and clinical features of childhood asthma in Qingdao China: cluster sampling investigation of 10,082 children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent investigations suggested that the trend of childhood asthma has been stabilizing or even reversing in some countries. The observation provides contrast to our experience. Thus, the study aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical features of asthma in children aged 0-14 years in Qingdao China, determine the changes of childhood asthma in China, and discover evidence that can allow better diagnosis and treatment of childhood asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cluster sampling method was used. We randomly extracted the investigation clusters from schools, kindergartens, and communities in Qingdao. Subsequently, we interviewed the members of the clusters using a questionnaire from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) to find children with asthmatic symptoms. After determination by the doctors, more details on the asthmatic children were obtained by asking questions from the National Epidemiology Study of Asthma and Allergies in China questionnaire to obtain more details. We intended to survey 10,800 children. However, the actual number of children was 10,082.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of asthma in Qingdao children aged 0-14 years was 3.69%. The prevalence among male children was higher than in female (χ2 = 24.53,P < 0.01). Among the asthmatic children, 68.0% had their first attack when they were less than three years old. Moreover, 71.2% once suffered respiratory tract infections. For 95.7% of asthmatic children, the asthma attack was first manifested as cough. Asthmatic children who used inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) only accounted for 46%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of asthma in children aged 0-14 years in Qingdao China increased significantly based on data obtained ten years ago (2000). Respiratory tract infections were the most important precursors of asthma attack. The attack was most commonly manifested as cough. The treatment, especially the use of ICS, was more rational. However, a certain difference was found, which has yet to be contrasted with the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) project.
authors.affiliation: The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China. linrongjun0312@126.com.
authors.forename: Rongjun
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Renzheng
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Xiaomei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Baochun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017677:Age Distribution; D017668:Age of Onset; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003371:Cough / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones