title: Effects of the consumption of rice from non-KBD areas and selenium supplementation on the prevention and treatment of paediatric Kaschin-Beck disease: an epidemiological intervention trial in the Qinghai Province.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Based on the aetiological hypothesis of Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD), different interventions were adopted, and the preventive and therapeutic effects of interventions was observed and evaluated in this trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 358 children from seven villages of Qinghai Province in China were examined, and 280 children aged 6-11 years old were eligible for the trial. The children were divided into three groups that received either no intervention (n = 64), 150 kg/person of rice from non-KBD areas (n = 103) or 7 kg/family of selenium-iodine salt (n = 113) for 12 months. Data were collected and used to calculate the proportion of patients with X-ray lesions, the proportion of new patients and the metaphyseal repair rate. All indicators were analysed with Pearson chi-square or Fisher's exact tests. The registration number of this trial is ChiCTR-PNRC-12002309 (http://www.chictr.org).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After interventions, the proportion of patients with X-ray lesions increased dramatically in the control group and decreased significantly in two intervention groups; significant differences were seen between the control group and two intervention groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, significant differences were observed in the proportions of new patients and the metaphyseal repair rates between the control group and two intervention groups (P < 0.05). Additionally, the proportion of new patients was lowest and the metaphyseal repair rate was highest in group B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effects of eating rice from non-KBD areas and selenium supplementation on the prevention and treatment of paediatric KBD were notable, the consumption of rice might be the most effective and safest intervention and should be encouraged.
authors.affiliation: Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin 150081, China. Electronic address: s60989@sina.com.
authors.forename: L Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin 150081, China. Electronic address: mfg518397@163.com.
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Qinghai Provincial Institute for Endemic Disease Control, Xining, China. Electronic address: qhliqiang@163.com.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Qinghai Provincial Institute for Endemic Disease Control, Xining, China. Electronic address: qhzhaozhijun@163.com.
authors.forename: Z J
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Social Medicine Department of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China. Electronic address: he68792752@126.com.
authors.forename: C Z
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin 150081, China. Electronic address: wangshaoping@ems.hrbmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin 150081, China. Electronic address: srlhh1985@163.com.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Sa
authors.affiliation: Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin 150081, China. Electronic address: mww828@163.com.
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Man
authors.affiliation: Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin 150081, China. Electronic address: lhwanganna@126.com.
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D057767:Kashin-Beck Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D012275:Oryza; D012643:Selenium / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D012643:Selenium
keywords: Kaschin–Beck disease; Prevention; Rice; Selenium supplementation; Treatment