title: Evaluating extraction conditions of glucosinolate hydrolytic products from seeds of Eruca sativa (Mill.) Thell. using GC-MS.
abstract: Glucosinolates and their hydrolytic products form an important class of plant secondary metabolites involved in various plant defense-linked mechanisms. The successful isolation of particular glucosinolate hydrolytic products is limited by a number of factors like understanding the parent glucosinolate moiety, solubility, and stability under different drying conditions. The extraction protocols currently available were modified to achieve both an increased yield as well as an increased number of hydrolytic products. Eruca sativa (Mill.) Thell. (called arugula in the U.S.A.), a rich source of varied glucosinolates, was used for the standardization of different extraction protocols. We exploited the volatile nature of the glucosinolates and developed a method that not only enhanced the yield of glucosinolate hydrolytic products, but also reduced undesired compounds. Among all the tested protocols, hydrodistillation using Clevenger apparatus was judged as the best protocol, which was evident from an enhanced yield as well as an increased number of hydrolytic products when compared to the other methods as monitored by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glucosinolate hydrolytic products are important volatile metabolites that are difficult to extract. The different conditions, such as extraction method, solvent, and dryingmethods, are responsible for successful extractions. An improved extraction method will help in a better isolation of these valuable compounds, which may then be used for different biological activities such as anticancer, antimutagenic, bioherbicidal, antimicrobial, antigenotoxic, and antitumor activities.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev Univ, Amritsar-143005, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.forename: Deepika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Bikram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Adarsh P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Vig
authors.forename: Saroj
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arora
mesh_terms: D019607:Brassicaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D005961:Glucosinolates / Q000032:analysis*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D015394:Molecular Structure; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005961:Glucosinolates
keywords: Eruca sativa (Mill.) Thell; erucin; glucosinolate; hydrodistillation; profiling