title: Maternal insulin resistance and transient hyperglycemia impact the metabolic and endocrine phenotypes of offspring.
abstract: Studies in both humans and rodents suggest that maternal diabetes leads to a higher risk of the fetus developing impaired glucose tolerance and obesity during adulthood. However, the impact of hyperinsulinemia in the mother on glucose homeostasis in the offspring has not been fully explored. We aimed to determine the consequences of maternal insulin resistance on offspring metabolism and endocrine pancreas development using the LIRKO mouse model, which exhibits sustained hyperinsulinemia and transient increase in blood glucose concentrations during pregnancy. We examined control offspring born to either LIRKO or control mothers on embryonic days 13.5, 15.5, and 17.5 and postpartum days 0, 4, and 10. Control offspring born to LIRKO mothers displayed low birth weights and subsequently rapidly gained weight, and their blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were higher than offspring born to control mothers in early postnatal life. In addition, concentrations of plasma leptin, glucagon, and active GLP-1 were higher in control pups from LIRKO mothers. Analyses of the endocrine pancreas revealed significantly reduced β-cell area in control offspring of LIRKO mothers shortly after birth. β-Cell proliferation and total islet number were also lower in control offspring of LIRKO mothers during early postnatal days. Together, these data indicate that maternal hyperinsulinemia and the transient hyperglycemia impair endocrine pancreas development in the control offspring and induce multiple metabolic alterations in early postnatal life. The relatively smaller β-cell mass/area and β-cell proliferation in these control offspring suggest cell-autonomous epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of islet growth and development.
authors.affiliation: Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Sevim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kahraman
authors.affiliation: Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Ercument
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dirice
authors.affiliation: Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Dario F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: De Jesus
authors.affiliation: Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Rohit.Kulkarni@joslin.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Rohit N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000097:blood; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000166:cytology; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000473:pathology*; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D009929:Organ Size; D010641:Phenotype; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005934:Glucagon
keywords: endocrine pancreas development; hyperinsulinemia; intrauterine environment; maternal insulin resistance; offspring metabolism