title: Impact of Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate on migration rate of human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Softeners like phthalate esters are ubiquitous in the environment and have been detected in transfusion bags, though there is only a limited amount of studies on the effect of phthalates on blood cells. This study seeks to determine effects on cell migration of human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) incubated with di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) at concentrations found in blood bags.
  
  
  METHODS
  HL-60 cells were incubated with DEHP concentrations ranging from 0.1 μg/ml to 1000 μg/ml, diluted in DMSO, over 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. Migration rate was analyzed along an SDF-1α gradient using Transwell migration inserts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the applied concentrations 100 μg/ml, 250 μg/ml, 500 μg/ml, and 1000 μg/ml showed a significant decrease in migration rates relative to DMSO control at all measuring points (p < 0.05), with relative migration rates between 37.87 % for 100 μg/ml and 25.34 % for 1000 μg/ml relative to DMSO after 24 h of stimulation and 19.73 % for 100 μg/ml and 14.69 % for 1000 μg/ml respectively after 72 h of incubation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate HL-60 to be a suitable in vitro model for examining effects of DEHP on the migration of blood and nucleated cells at concentrations found in blood bags.
authors.affiliation: Hochschule Furtwangen University, Villingen-Schwenningen, BW, Germany.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Manz
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, NRW, Germany.
authors.forename: Ron-Patrick
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Cadeddu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, NRW, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilk
authors.affiliation: Hochschule Furtwangen University, Villingen-Schwenningen, BW, Germany.
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fritz
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, NRW, Germany.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.affiliation: Hochschule Furtwangen University, Villingen-Schwenningen, BW, Germany.
authors.forename: Folker
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wenzel
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000378:metabolism; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D010968:Plasticizers; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate
keywords: DEHP; HL-60 promyelocytes; MEHP; Phthalates; apoptosis; migration; vitality