title: Placental gene expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) in small for gestational age newborns.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The gene expression of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) in human placental samples obtained from pregnancies with small for gestational age fetuses (SGA) was compared to those of normal pregnancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2011 placental samples from 101 pregnancies with SGA and from 140 normal pregnancies were obtained for analysis of TGF-β1 gene expression. Several clinical parameters were also assessed for correlation between genetic and clinical parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in gene activity of the TGF-β1 gene between the SGA versus normal pregnancy groups (Ln2α: 0.16; p = 0.07). Within the SGA group, no fetal gender-dependent differences were seen in TGF-β1 gene expression (Ln2α: −0.11; p = 0.05). Similarly, no significant differences in gene activity were observed by the degree of severity of SGA as assessed by percentile fetal birth-weight (Ln2α: 0.32; p = 0.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no change in gene expression of TGF-β1 in placental samples obtained from SGA pregnancies versus normal pregnancy suggesting an absence of a direct role of the TGF-β1 gene in the development of SGA. However, the absence of increased gene expression of TGF-β1 in SGA can be conceptualized as a failure to mount a compensatory response in the SGA environment.
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rab
authors.forename: Imre
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Szentpéterib
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kornyac
authors.forename: Balázs
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Börzsönyid
authors.forename: Csaba
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Demendid
authors.forename: Sándor
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Valent
authors.forename: Lajos
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zsom
authors.forename: Hajnalka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hejja
authors.forename: József Gábor
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Joóf
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D008297:Male; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1