title: Personality characteristics of patients seeking cosmetic rhinoplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rhinoplasty is one of the most common cosmetic surgeries performed on the face. Cosmetic surgery is performed not only to change the appearance, level of satisfaction, and self-confidence of the patient, it may also reflect specific personality patterns. The goal of this study was to investigate the personality characteristics of individuals seeking cosmetic rhinoplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients referred for rhinoplasty and 30 healthy age- and gender-matched controls were enrolled in this case-control study. All participants filled out the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory 3rd edition and the data were analyzed using ANOVA and Fisher's exact test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-four (80 %) females and 6 (20 %) males were evaluated. Dependent, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders were seen in 2, 3, and 8 patients in the case group, respectively. The number of individuals with narcissistic personality traits was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Narcissism is the most common psychological trait that motivates patients to seek a rhinoplasty. Personality disorders are not very common among individuals seeking rhinoplasty in Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, P.O. Box 9185711111, Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi, Iran, raminzojaji@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ramin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zojaji
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Arshadi
authors.forename: Mozhdeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keshavarz
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazloum Farsibaf
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Golzari
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khorashadizadeh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D009289:Narcissism; D009497:Neurotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010551:Personality; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000523:psychology*; D012649:Self Concept; D055815:Young Adult