title: A survey of patterns of practice and perception of minimal hepatic encephalopathy: a nationwide survey in India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) leads to overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and impairs quality of life in patients with cirrhosis. Awareness of MHE and its management among physicians is not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a survey among 673 physicians in India from academic and nonacademic institutes to understand the clinical burden, perceived severity, management patterns, and the barriers to providing care for this condition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall awareness of MHE in this survey was 75% (n = 504). Awareness of MHE was significantly higher in physicians working in teaching hospitals compared with those in nonteaching hospitals (79% vs 71%, P = 0.02). Similarly, gastroenterologists were more aware of MHE compared with nongastroenterologists (91% vs 66%, P = 0.001). Only 6.3% physicians screened all of their patients for MHE, whereas frequency of testing for MHE, either being nil or less than 10% of their patients was 64.7%. The most common test was paper and pencil test (86%) and the reason for nonscreening was nonavailability of time to test and also equipment or method (81%). A majority of physicians (88%) think that MHE affects quality of life. Physicians (61%) had an opinion that there should be some registry of MHE regardless of the cost and effort involved. Lactulose was used in 93% of cases, followed by rifaximin (82%) in the management of MHE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall awareness of MHE was 75% and it was significantly more in physicians of academic institutes. Despite awareness of its effect on quality of life, a majority of physicians did not test for MHE in their day-to-day practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Praveen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Barjesh C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires