title: Self-regulatory depletion in dogs: insulin release is not necessary for the replenishment of persistence.
abstract: It has been hypothesized that self-control is constrained by a limited energy resource that can be depleted through exertion. Once depleted, this resource can be replenished by the consumption or even the taste of glucose. For example, the need to inhibit reduces subsequent persistence at problem solving by humans and dogs, an effect that is not observed when a glucose drink (but not a placebo) is administered following initial inhibition. The mechanism for replenishment by glucose is currently unknown. Energy transfer is not necessary, although insulin secretion may be involved. This possibility was investigated in the current study by having dogs exert self-control (sit-stay) and subsequently giving them (1) glucose that causes the release of insulin, (2) fructose that does not result in the release of insulin nor does it affect glucose levels (but it is a carbohydrate), or (3) a calorie-free drink. Persistence measures indicated that both glucose and fructose replenished canine persistence, whereas the calorie-free drink did not. These results indicate that insulin release is probably not necessary for the replenishment that is presumed to be responsible for the increase in persistence. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Canine Behavior.
authors.affiliation: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: hcmiller1661@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Holly C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
authors.forename: Kristina F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Pattison
authors.affiliation: University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Laude
authors.affiliation: University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Zentall
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D004285:Dogs; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D012927:Social Control, Informal
chemical_list: D005632:Fructose; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Canine; Depletion; Fructose; Glucose; Persistence; Self-regulation