title: Substrate-Specific Development of Thermophilic Bacterial Consortia by Using Chemically Pretreated Switchgrass.
abstract: Microbial communities that deconstruct plant biomass have broad relevance in biofuel production and global carbon cycling. Biomass pretreatments reduce plant biomass recalcitrance for increased efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis. We exploited these chemical pretreatments to study how thermophilic bacterial consortia adapt to deconstruct switchgrass (SG) biomass of various compositions. Microbial communities were adapted to untreated, ammonium fiber expansion (AFEX)-pretreated, and ionic-liquid (IL)-pretreated SG under aerobic, thermophilic conditions using green waste compost as the inoculum to study biomass deconstruction by microbial consortia. After microbial cultivation, gravimetric analysis of the residual biomass demonstrated that both AFEX and IL pretreatment enhanced the deconstruction of the SG biomass approximately 2-fold. Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) experiments and acetyl bromide-reactive-lignin analysis indicated that polysaccharide hydrolysis was the dominant process occurring during microbial biomass deconstruction, and lignin remaining in the residual biomass was largely unmodified. Small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene amplicon libraries revealed that although the dominant taxa across these chemical pretreatments were consistently represented by members of the Firmicutes, the Bacteroidetes, and Deinococcus-Thermus, the abundance of selected operational taxonomic units (OTUs) varied, suggesting adaptations to the different substrates. Combining the observations of differences in the community structure and the chemical and physical structure of the biomass, we hypothesize specific roles for individual community members in biomass deconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Stephanie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Eichorst
authors.affiliation: Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA.
authors.forename: Chijioke
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Joshua
authors.affiliation: Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA.
authors.forename: Noppadon
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sathitsuksanoh
authors.affiliation: Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA Biological and Materials Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California, USA.
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA Biological and Materials Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California, USA.
authors.forename: Blake A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.affiliation: Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA SWSinger@lbl.gov.
authors.forename: Steven W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Singer
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018533:Biomass; D058448:Biota; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism; D059013:Microbial Consortia; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D008897:Panicum / Q000378:metabolism*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D011134:Polysaccharides; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D008031:Lignin