title: Association of metabolic syndrome and its components with hyperuricemia in a Mediterranean population.
abstract: Several studies have found an association between hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome (MS), although there are discrepancies as to which MS components play a pivotal role in this association. We aimed to investigate the association between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and MS in a Mediterranean population (eastern Spain). We performed a case-control study of 71 patients with MS and 122 healthy controls. MS was defined according to the revised National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III modified criteria. Hyperuricemia was defined as SUA levels >6.55 mg/dL. We determined biochemical, lipidic and inflammatory parameters along with uric acid. Patients with MS showed a higher risk of hyperuricemia than those without MS (OR: 2.87 95% CI: 1.48- 5.55; p = 0.002). In turn, the unadjusted logistic regression analysis showed that hyperuricemia is associated with a higher risk of presenting all the MS components, except hypertension; i.e., hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-cholesterol, abdominal obesity and glucose intolerance were predictors for hyperuricemia (OR: 3.15, 95% CI: 1.61- 6.15, p = 0.001; OR: 4.07, 95% CI: 1.77- 9.33, p = 0.001; OR: 2.81, 95% CI: 1.41- 5.58, p = 0.003 and OR: 2.82, 95% CI: 1.46- 5.45, p = 0.002 respectively). The adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that only low HDL-cholesterol and glucose intolerance were independent predictors for hyperuricemia (OR: 2.71, 95% CI 1.06- 6.97, p = 0.038; OR: 2.14, 95% CI 1.01- 4.56, p = 0.049, respectively). In our geographical area, the patients with MS showed a nearly 3-fold risk of hyperuricemia than those without. Among all the MS components, low-HDL-cholesterol and high glucose independently increased more than twice the risk of hyperuricemia, and are the pivotal components involved in hyperuricemia.
authors.affiliation: Hemorheology and Haemostasis Unit, Service of Clinical Pathology, La Fe University Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Amparo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vayá
authors.affiliation: Hemorheology and Haemostasis Unit, Service of Clinical Pathology, La Fe University Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Leonor
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Service, Dr. Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hernández-Mijares
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Service, Dr. Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bautista
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Service, Dr. Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Solá
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education and Sports, Catholic University of Valencia "San Vicente Mártir", Valencia, Spain.|Research Universitary Institute "Dr. Viña Giner", Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine, Catholic University of Valencia "San Vicente Mártir", Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Romagnoli
authors.affiliation: Research Universitary Institute "Dr. Viña Giner", Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine, Catholic University of Valencia "San Vicente Mártir", Valencia, Spain.|Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Valencia "San Vicente Mártir", Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alis
authors.affiliation: Hemorheology and Haemostasis Unit, Service of Clinical Pathology, La Fe University Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Begoña
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Laiz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D019083:Mediterranean Region; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013030:Spain
keywords: Hyperuricemia; high glucose levels; low HDL-cholesterol; mediterranean population; metabolic syndrome