title: Modulation of plasma N-acylethanolamine levels and physiological parameters by dietary fatty acid composition in humans.
abstract: N-Acylethanolamines (NAEs) are endogenous lipid-signaling molecules involved in satiety and energetics; however, how diet impacts circulating NAE concentrations and their downstream metabolic actions in humans remains unknown. Objectives were to examine effects of diets enriched with high-oleic canola oil (HOCO) or HOCO blended with flaxseed oil (FXCO), compared with a Western diet (WD), on plasma NAE levels and the association with energy expenditure and substrate oxidation. Using a randomized controlled crossover design, 36 hypercholesterolemic participants consumed three isoenergetic diets for 28 days, each containing 36% energy from fat, of which 70% was HOCO, FXCO, or WD. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-MS/MS was used to measure plasma NAE levels and indirect calorimetry to assess energy expenditure and substrate oxidation. After 28 days, compared with WD, plasma oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and alpha-linolenoyl ethanolamide (ALEA) levels were significantly increased in response to HOCO and FXCO (P = 0.002, P < 0.001), respectively. Correlation analysis demonstrated an inverse association between plasma OEA levels and percent body fat (r = -0.21, P = 0.04), and a positive association was observed between the plasma arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA)/OEA ratio and android:gynoid fat (r = 0.23, P = 0.02), respectively. Results suggest that plasma NAE levels are upregulated via their dietary lipid substrates and may modulate regional and total fat mass through lipid-signaling mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2.
authors.forename: Peter J H
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2.
authors.forename: Leah G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Gillingham
authors.affiliation: Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2.
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2.
authors.forename: Jaclyn M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Omar
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D063388:Endocannabinoids / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008043:Linseed Oil / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009829:Oleic Acids / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D050177:Overweight / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D009829:Oleic Acids; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; C000602094:alpha-linolenoyl ethanolamide; C488250:oleoylethanolamide; D008043:Linseed Oil
keywords: arachidonoylethanolamide; body composition; canola oil; clinical trials; endocannabinoids; fatty acid metabolism; fatty acid oxidation; oleic acid; oleoylethanolamide; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor