title: Blastocentesis: a source of DNA for preimplantation genetic testing. Results from a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the presence of DNA in blastocyst fluids (BFs) and to estimate whether the chromosomal status predicted by its analysis corresponds with the ploidy condition in trophectoderm (TE) cells, the whole embryo, and that predicted by polar bodies (PBs) or blastomeres.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro fertilization unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen couples undergoing preimplantation genetic screening with the use of array comparative genomic hybridization on PBs (n = 12) or blastomeres (n = 5).
  
  
  METHODS
  BFs and TE cells were retrieved from 51 blastocysts for separate chromosomal analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Presence of DNA in BFs and assessment of the corresponding chromosome condition; correlation with the results in TE cells and those predicted by the analysis done at earlier stages.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DNA was detected in 39 BFs (76.5%). In 38 of 39 cases (97.4%) the ploidy condition of BFs was confirmed in TE cells, and the rate of concordance per single chromosome was 96.6% (904/936). In relation to the whole embryo, the ploidy condition corresponded in all cases with a per-chromosome concordance of 98.1%. The testing of PBs and blastomeres had 93.3% and 100% prediction of BF ploidy condition with a concordance per chromosome of 93.5% and 94%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blastocentesis could represent an alternative source of material for chromosomal testing, because the BF is highly predictive of the embryo ploidy condition and chromosome content. Our data confirm the relevance of the oocyte and of the early-cleavage embryo in determining the ploidy condition of the resulting blastocyst.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medicine Unit, Società Italiana Studi di Medicina della Riproduzione, Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: luca.gianaroli@sismer.it.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gianaroli
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medicine Unit, Società Italiana Studi di Medicina della Riproduzione, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: M Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Magli
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medicine Unit, Società Italiana Studi di Medicina della Riproduzione, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pomante
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medicine Unit, Società Italiana Studi di Medicina della Riproduzione, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Crivello
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medicine Unit, Società Italiana Studi di Medicina della Riproduzione, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cafueri
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medicine Unit, Società Italiana Studi di Medicina della Riproduzione, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Marzia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valerio
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medicine Unit, Società Italiana Studi di Medicina della Riproduzione, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ferraretti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000737:chemistry*; D001757:Blastomeres / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry; D002970:Cleavage Stage, Ovum; D055028:Comparative Genomic Hybridization / Q000379:methods*; D004247:DNA / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011003:Ploidies; D059705:Polar Bodies / Q000737:chemistry; D011247:Pregnancy; D019836:Preimplantation Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D004247:DNA
keywords: Blastocyst; blastocele; blastomere; polar bodies; preimplantation genetic screening