title: Efficacy of Heparinoid PSS in Treating Cardiovascular Diseases and Beyond-A Review of 27 Years Clinical Experiences in China.
abstract: Propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfate (PSS) is the world's first oral heparinoid approved by Chinese Food and Drug Administration in 1987. Propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfate is produced by modifying partially hydrolyzed alginate, one of the most abundant marine polysaccharides isolated from brown algae, by epoxypropane esterification and by chemical sulfation. It is used for treating and preventing cardiovascular-related diseases. The low cost (US$1.29/100 tablets, ∼4 tablets/day), remarkable clinical effects, and convenient oral administration make PSS an ideal long-term prevention drug. Propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfate is available in most drug stores in China, and millions of patients take PSS routinely during the past 27 years. The 22 784 reported clinical cases as well as the structure, preparation, clinical efficacy, adverse reactions, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and future perspectives of PSS based on the results of peer-reviewed publications will be discussed. This review should bring the knowledge of PSS gained in China to the world to stimulate in depth academic and clinical studies of PSS.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
authors.forename: Yangyang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Hiser Medical Center, Qingdao 266033, China.
authors.forename: Desheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
authors.forename: Peiju
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
authors.forename: Zhangrun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
authors.forename: Pengjiao
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
authors.forename: Yanli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
authors.forename: Zhihua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
authors.forename: Lingling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
authors.forename: Yidi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
authors.forename: Zijing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
authors.forename: Jiejie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China 2009haojie@ouc.edu.cn lijuanzhang@ouc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000464:Alginates / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000191:economics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000378:metabolism; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005260:Female; D006496:Heparinoids / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000191:economics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D006496:Heparinoids; C038550:propylene glycol alginate ester
keywords: anticoagulants; cardiovascular diseases; heparinoid; heparins; propylene glycol alginate; sodium sulfate