title: Imaging-based neurochemistry in schizophrenia: a systematic review and implications for dysfunctional long-term potentiation.
abstract: Cognitive deficits are commonly observed in patients with schizophrenia. Converging lines of evidence suggest that these deficits are associated with impaired long-term potentiation (LTP). In our systematic review, this hypothesis is evaluated using neuroimaging literature focused on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, positron emission tomography, and single-photon emission computed tomography. The review provides evidence for abnormal dopaminergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic neurotransmission in antipsychotic-naive/free patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy controls. The review concludes with a model illustrating how these abnormalities could lead to impaired LTP in patients with schizophrenia and consequently cognitive deficits.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
authors.forename: Bahar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Salavati
authors.affiliation: Tarek.Rajji@camh.ca.
authors.forename: Tarek K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Rajji
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
authors.forename: Rae
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Price
authors.affiliation: Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
authors.forename: Yinming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
authors.forename: Ariel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Graff-Guerrero
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
authors.forename: Zafiris J
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Daskalakis
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D017774:Long-Term Potentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology*; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D004298:Dopamine
keywords: GABA; MRS; PET; SPECT; dopamine; glutamate; long-term potentiation; schizophrenia