title: Bone quality is affected by food restriction and by nutrition-induced catch-up growth.
abstract: Growth stunting constitutes the most common effect of malnutrition. When the primary cause of malnutrition is resolved, catch-up (CU) growth usually occurs. In this study, we have explored the effect of food restriction (RES) and refeeding on bone structure and mechanical properties. Sprague-Dawley male rats aged 24 days were subjected to 10 days of 40% RES, followed by refeeding for 1 (CU) or 26 days long-term CU (LTCU). The rats fed ad libitum served as controls. The growth plates were measured, osteoclasts were identified using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, and micro-computed tomography (CT) scanning and mechanical testing were used to study structure and mechanical properties. Micro-CT analysis showed that RES led to a significant reduction in trabecular BV/TV and trabecular number (Tb.N), concomitant with an increase in trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). Trabecular BV/TV and Tb.N were significantly greater in the CU group than in the RES in both short- and long-term experiments. Mechanical testing showed that RES led to weaker and less compliant bones; interestingly, bones of the CU group were also more fragile after 1 day of CU. Longer term of refeeding enabled correction of the bone parameters; however, LTCU did not achieve full recovery. These results suggest that RES in young rats attenuated growth and reduced trabecular bone parameters. While nutrition-induced CU growth led to an immediate increase in epiphyseal growth plate height and active bone modeling, it was also associated with a transient reduction in bone quality. This should be taken into consideration when treating children undergoing CU growth.
authors.affiliation: Felsenstein Medical Research CenterPetach Tikva, IsraelSackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IsraelRobert H. Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry and NutritionFaculty of AgriculturalFood and Environmental Quality Sciences, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, IsraelThe Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and DiabetesNational Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel Felsenstein Medical Research CenterPetach Tikva, IsraelSackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IsraelRobert H. Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry and NutritionFaculty of AgriculturalFood and Environmental Quality Sciences, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, IsraelThe Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and DiabetesNational Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel.
authors.forename: Rakefet
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pando
authors.affiliation: Felsenstein Medical Research CenterPetach Tikva, IsraelSackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IsraelRobert H. Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry and NutritionFaculty of AgriculturalFood and Environmental Quality Sciences, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, IsraelThe Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and DiabetesNational Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel Felsenstein Medical Research CenterPetach Tikva, IsraelSackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IsraelRobert H. Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry and NutritionFaculty of AgriculturalFood and Environmental Quality Sciences, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, IsraelThe Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and DiabetesNational Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel.
authors.forename: Majdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masarwi
authors.affiliation: Felsenstein Medical Research CenterPetach Tikva, IsraelSackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IsraelRobert H. Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry and NutritionFaculty of AgriculturalFood and Environmental Quality Sciences, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, IsraelThe Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and DiabetesNational Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel Felsenstein Medical Research CenterPetach Tikva, IsraelSackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IsraelRobert H. Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry and NutritionFaculty of AgriculturalFood and Environmental Quality Sciences, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, IsraelThe Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and DiabetesNational Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel.
authors.forename: Biana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shtaif
authors.affiliation: Felsenstein Medical Research CenterPetach Tikva, IsraelSackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IsraelRobert H. Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry and NutritionFaculty of AgriculturalFood and Environmental Quality Sciences, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, IsraelThe Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and DiabetesNational Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Idelevich
authors.affiliation: Felsenstein Medical Research CenterPetach Tikva, IsraelSackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IsraelRobert H. Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry and NutritionFaculty of AgriculturalFood and Environmental Quality Sciences, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, IsraelThe Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and DiabetesNational Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel.
authors.forename: Efrat
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Monsonego-Ornan
authors.affiliation: Felsenstein Medical Research CenterPetach Tikva, IsraelSackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IsraelRobert H. Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry and NutritionFaculty of AgriculturalFood and Environmental Quality Sciences, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, IsraelThe Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and DiabetesNational Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel.
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shahar
authors.affiliation: Felsenstein Medical Research CenterPetach Tikva, IsraelSackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IsraelRobert H. Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry and NutritionFaculty of AgriculturalFood and Environmental Quality Sciences, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, IsraelThe Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and DiabetesNational Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel Felsenstein Medical Research CenterPetach Tikva, IsraelSackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IsraelRobert H. Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry and NutritionFaculty of AgriculturalFood and Environmental Quality Sciences, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, IsraelThe Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and DiabetesNational Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel Felsenstein Medical Research CenterPetach Tikva, IsraelSackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IsraelRobert H. Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry and NutritionFaculty of AgriculturalFood and Environmental Quality Sciences, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, IsraelThe Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and DiabetesNational Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel.
authors.forename: Moshe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Phillip
authors.affiliation: Felsenstein Medical Research CenterPetach Tikva, IsraelSackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IsraelRobert H. Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry and NutritionFaculty of AgriculturalFood and Environmental Quality Sciences, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, IsraelThe Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and DiabetesNational Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel Felsenstein Medical Research CenterPetach Tikva, IsraelSackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IsraelRobert H. Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry and NutritionFaculty of AgriculturalFood and Environmental Quality Sciences, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, IsraelThe Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and DiabetesNational Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel Felsenstein Medical Research CenterPetach Tikva, IsraelSackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IsraelRobert H. Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry and NutritionFaculty of AgriculturalFood and Environmental Quality Sciences, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, IsraelThe Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and DiabetesNational Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel galiagy@post.tau.ac.il.
authors.forename: Galia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gat-Yablonski
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005508:Food Deprivation / Q000502:physiology*; D006132:Growth Plate / Q000254:growth & development*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; D013997:Time Factors; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D020738:Leptin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase
keywords: catch-up growth; food restriction; mechanical testing; micro CT