title: Effects of Chinese medicine shen-fu injection on the expression of inflammatory cytokines and complements during post-resuscitation immune dysfunction in a porcine model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the action of Shen-Fu Injection (SFI) in regulating the expression of the serum complements and inflammatory cytokines synthesized and released in response to the stress of global ischemia accompanying cardiac arrest (CA) and resuscitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty pigs were randomly divided into the sham (n=6) and 3 returns of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) groups (n=24). After 8-min untreated ventricular fibrillation and 2-min basic life support, 24 pigs of the ROSC groups were randomized into three groups (n=8 per group), which received central venous injection of SFI (SFI group), epinephrine (EP group), or saline (SA group). Hemodynamic status and blood samples were obtained at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h after ROSC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum concentrations of specific activation markers of the complement system C3, C4 and C5b-9 were increased during cardiopulmonary resuscitation through 24 h after ROSC. There were intense changes of various pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines as early as 0.5 h after CA. Compared with the EP and SA groups, SFI treatment reduced the proinflammatory cytokines levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α, P<0.05), and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine levels of IL-4 and IL-10 (P<0.05). Further, SFI treatment decreased the values of C3, C4 and C5b-9 compared with the EP and SA groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SFI, derived from the ancient Chinese medicine, has significant effects in attenuating post-resuscitation immune dysfunction by modulating the expression of complements and cytokines levels. The current study provided an experimental basis for the clinical application of a potential pharmacologic target for post resuscitation immune dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China. lcscyyy@163.com.
authors.forename: Chun-sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D000157:Aconitine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D003167:Complement Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D016019:Survival Analysis; D034421:Sus scrofa
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D036145:Ginsenosides; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; C492793:Shen-Fu; C049864:ginsenoside Re; D003165:Complement System Proteins; D010100:Oxygen; D000157:Aconitine
keywords: cardiac arrest; complement activation; cytokines; immune dysfunction