title: Self-efficacy and self-esteem in third-year pharmacy students.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the experiential and demographic factors affecting the self-efficacy and self-esteem of third-year pharmacy (P3) students.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 25-item survey that included the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the General Self-Efficacy Scale, as well as types and length of pharmacy practice experiences and demographic information was administered to doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) students from 5 schools of pharmacy in New England at the completion of their P3 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The survey response rate was approximately 50% of the total target population (399/820). Students with a grade point average (GPA)≥3.0 demonstrated a higher significant effect from unpaid introductory pharmacy practice experiences (IPPEs) on their self-efficacy scores (p<0.05) compared to students with lower GPAs. Students who had completed more than the required amount of pharmacy experiences had higher levels of self-efficacy and self-esteem (p<0.05). Ethnicity also was related to students' levels of self-efficacy and self-esteem.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-efficacy and self-esteem are two important factors in pharmacy practice. Colleges and schools of pharmacy should ensure that students complete enough practice experiences, beyond the minimum of 300 IPPE hours, as one way to improve their self-efficacy and self-esteem.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Mark L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Yorra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods; D004512:Education, Pharmacy / Q000379:methods; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D064172:Pharmacy Residencies / Q000379:methods; D011231:Preceptorship / Q000379:methods; D012649:Self Concept; D020377:Self Efficacy; D013339:Students, Pharmacy / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: experiential learning; introductory pharmacy practice experience; self-efficacy; self-esteem