title: Prophylactic vaccination against human papillomaviruses to prevent cervical cancer and its precursors.
abstract: This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To evaluate the immunogenicity, clinical efficacy, and safety of prophylactic HPV vaccines in females. The assessment of clinical efficacy will address protection against HPV infection (for homologous and heterologous HPV types), against re-infection, against cervical cancer and its precursors (high-grade CIN (grade 2 or grade 3), adenocarcinoma in situ) in women previously not exposed to HPV infection (negative at enrolment for both HPV DNA and antibodies against the vaccine HPV types). We will assess clinical effectiveness by evaluating outcomes in all women, irrespective of the HPV DNA or serology status at enrolment. Evaluation by fine age and time since sexual debut categories is also planned.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arbyn
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Economics Research and Modeling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Beutels
authors.affiliation: Gynaecological Oncology Unit, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Preston, UK.
authors.forename: Pierre Pl
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Martin-Hirsch
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ioannina University Hospital, Ioannina, Greece.
authors.forename: Evangelos
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Paraskevaidis
authors.affiliation: Belgian Cancer Centre, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van Hoof
authors.affiliation: Direction Des Risques Biologiques et de la Santé au Travail, Montréal (Québec), Canada.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steben
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Institute, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Youlin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Institute, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Fang-Hui
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Achim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: Gynäkologische Tumorimmunologie, Charite Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Microbiology, WHO HPV LabNet Global Reference Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Joakim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dillner
authors.affiliation: ESB/DSTDP/NCHHSTP, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Lauri
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Markowitz
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hildesheim