title: Physical activity and resting pulse rate in older adults: findings from a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elevated resting pulse rate (RPR) is a well-recognized risk factor for adverse outcomes. Epidemiological evidence supports the beneficial effects of regular exercise for lowering RPR, but studies are mainly confined to persons younger than 65 years. We set out to evaluate the utility of a physical activity (PA) intervention for slowing RPR among older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 424 seniors (ages 70-89 years) were randomized to a moderate intensity PA intervention or an education-based "successful aging" health program. Resting pulse rate was assessed at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Longitudinal differences in RPR were evaluated between treatment groups using generalized estimating equation models, reporting unstandardized β coefficients with robust SEs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased frequency and duration of aerobic training were observed for the PA group at 6 and 12 months as compared with the successful aging group (P < .001). In both groups, RPR remained unchanged over the course of the 12-month study period (P = .67). No significant improvement was observed (β [SE] = 0.58 [0.88]; P = .51) for RPR when treatment groups were compared using the generalized estimating equation method. Comparable results were found after omitting participants with a pacemaker, cardiac arrhythmia, or who were receiving β-blockers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Twelve months of moderate intensity aerobic training did not improve RPR among older adults. Additional studies are needed to determine whether PA of longer duration and/or greater intensity can slow RPR in older persons.
authors.affiliation: Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Department of Internal Medicine/Section of Geriatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Electronic address: briain.ohartaigh@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Bríain
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: O'Hartaigh
authors.affiliation: Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pahor
authors.affiliation: Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL.
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Buford
authors.affiliation: Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dodson
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Forman
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine/Section of Geriatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Gill
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology