title: Heidelberg Spectralis ultra-widefield fundus fluorescein angiography in infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the intraoperative use of the Heidelberg Spectralis for ultra-widefield fundus fluorescein angiography in infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective observational case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  A modified Heidelberg Spectralis was used to perform ultra-widefield fundus fluorescein angiography in infants undergoing an examination under general anesthesia for a range of retinal vasculopathies. Peripheral angiographic findings, angiographic image acquisition time, and any complications were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 22 eyes of 11 infants underwent intraoperative ultra-widefield fundus fluorescein angiography using the modified Heidelberg Spectralis. Ultra-widefield fundus fluorescein angiography was successfully performed in all infants and permitted capture of the posterior pole as well as the peripheral retina in a single shot centered on the macula. Peripheral retinal pathologies captured include neovascularization, capillary nonperfusion, and skip areas from previous laser treatment. Capturing of angiographic images took a mean time of 7.09 minutes. Image artifact from condensation of the ultra-widefield lens was noted during imaging of 1 infant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The modified Heidelberg Spectralis is an effective and reliable imaging tool for performing ultra-widefield fundus fluorescein angiography in infants. It is capable of capturing wide-angle images of high quality. The technique has advantages as an alternative to RetCam fluorescein angiography in infants undergoing an examination under general anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Timothy H M
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.affiliation: Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Imran H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Yusuf
authors.affiliation: Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kanmin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Lewis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Electronic address: ckpatel@btinternet.com.
authors.forename: Chetan K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D054869:Clinical Audit; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D007223:Infant; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green