title: Perindopril vs Enalapril in Patients with Systolic Heart Failure: Systematic Review and Metaanalysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are highly effective at improving prognosis in a variety of disease states such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, systolic heart failure, and acute coronary syndrome. Although these medications have been used in clinical practice for decades, not all ACE inhibitors are equal, as agents within this class vary in lipophilicity, tissue-ACE binding, antioxidant properties, antiinflammatory properties, bradykinin site selectivity, and duration of action. The objective of this systematic review and metaanalysis was to evaluate the effects of perindopril vs enalapril on left ventricular function in patients with systolic heart failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a systematic review and metaanalysis of trials comparing perindopril and enalapril in systolic heart failure. Relevant studies were identified through searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three trials comparing enalapril with perindopril in 116 patients with systolic heart failure were identified. Compared to enalapril, perindopril significantly improved cardiac sympathetic nerve activity: the pooled mean net change in heart to mediastinum ratio was 0.12 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.08, 0.16) and the pooled mean net change in washout rate was -3.51% (95% CI: -4.17, -2.85). Other variables also showed improvement. The pooled mean net change in New York Heart Association functional class was -0.44 (95% CI: -0.86, -0.03) and the change in brain natriuretic peptide was -64.1 [95% CI: -80.8, -47.4]. The change in left ventricular ejection fraction was not significantly greater with perindopril than enalapril: 1.15% (95% CI: -2.74, 5.04). However, in the 2 trials that switched patients from enalapril to perindopril, left ventricular ejection fraction at 6 months was significantly greater in the perindopril group: 2.41% (95% CI: 1.26, 3.55; P<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with systolic heart failure, perindopril significantly improves cardiac sympathetic nerve activity, brain natriuretic peptide, and New York Heart Association functional class compared to enalapril. Additionally, when patients were switched from enalapril to perindopril, left ventricular ejection fraction at 6 months was significantly greater.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Mid America Heart Institute, Saint Luke's Health System, Kansas City, MO.
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: DiNicolantonio
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA ; The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Ochsner Clinical School, New Orleans, LA ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA.
authors.forename: Carl J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lavie
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Mid America Heart Institute, Saint Luke's Health System, Kansas City, MO.
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: O'Keefe
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Sripal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bangalore
keywords: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; cardiac output; enalapril; heart failure–systolic; perindopril; sympathetic nervous system