title: Economic burden of antibiotic resistance: how much do we really know?
abstract: The declining effectiveness of antibiotics imposes potentially large health and economic burdens on societies. Quantifying the economic outcomes of antibiotic resistance effectively can help policy-makers and healthcare professionals to set priorities, but determining the actual effect of antibiotic resistance on clinical outcomes is a necessary first step. In this article, we review and discuss the contributions and limitations of studies that estimate the disease burden attributable to antibiotic resistance and studies that estimate the economic burden of resistance. We also consider other factors that are important in a comprehensive approach to evaluating the economic burden of antibiotic resistance.
authors.affiliation: Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gandra
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Barter
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Laxminarayan
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000191:economics*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D018803:Models, Economic
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Antibiotic resistance; attributable morbidity and mortality; economics