title: A pilot trial of injectable, extended-release naltrexone for the treatment of co-occurring cocaine and alcohol dependence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a high co-occurrence of cocaine and alcohol use disorders, and patients with both of these problems are difficult to treat. There is a reasonable rationale and some empirical data to justify a pilot trial of an injectable, extended-release formulation of naltrexone for treating co-occurring cocaine and alcohol addiction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty cocaine (n = 80) and alcohol dependent, treatment-seeking subjects were randomly assigned to receive either two monthly extended-release injections of naltrexone or two matching placebo injections in an 8-week clinical trial, with weekly medical management plus cognitive behavioral therapy visits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences in reduction in cocaine or alcohol use were observed between the injectable naltrexone and placebo groups during the 8-week trial.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Injectable extended-release naltrexone, while an ideal method for ensuring medication adherence in these traditionally hard-to-treat patients, did not result in any measurable reduction in cocaine or alcohol use over the course of 8 weeks of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Helen M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Pettinati
authors.forename: Kyle M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kampman
authors.forename: Kevin G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Dundon
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Mahoney
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Wierzbicki
authors.forename: Charles P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: O'Brien
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D008875:Middle Aged; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009271:Naltrexone