title: 1,5-Diaminonaphthalene hydrochloride assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging of small molecules in tissues following focal cerebral ischemia.
abstract: A sensitive analytical technique for visualizing small endogenous molecules simultaneously is of great significance for clearly elucidating metabolic mechanisms during pathological progression. In the present study, 1,5-naphthalenediamine (1,5-DAN) hydrochloride was prepared for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) of small molecules in liver, brain, and kidneys from mice. Furthermore, 1,5-DAN hydrochloride assisted LDI MSI of small molecules in brain tissue of rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was carried out to investigate the altered metabolic pathways and mechanisms underlying the development of ischemic brain damage. Our results suggested that the newly prepared matrix possessed brilliant features including low cost, strong ultraviolet absorption, high salt tolerance capacity, and fewer background signals especially in the low mass range (typically m/z < 500), which permitted us to visualize the spatial distribution of a broad range of small molecule metabolites including metal ions, amino acids, carboxylic acids, nucleotide derivatives, peptide, and lipids simultaneously. Nineteen endogenous metabolites involved in metabolic networks such as ATP metabolism, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, glutamate-glutamine cycle, and malate-aspartate shuttle, together with metal ions and phospholipids as well as antioxidants underwent relatively obvious changes after 24 h of MCAO. The results were highly consistent with the data obtained by MRM MS analysis. These findings highlighted the promising potential of the organic salt matrix for application in the field of biomedical research.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Huihui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jiyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Suming
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Caiqiao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Jianing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zongxiu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.forename: Lanqun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mao
mesh_terms: D015081:2-Naphthylamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002952:Citric Acid Cycle; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: C510889:1,5-diaminonaphthalene; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D015081:2-Naphthylamine