title: Phylogeography of the black fly Simulium aureohirtum (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand.
abstract: The black fly Simulium aureohirtum Brunetti (Diptera: Simuliidae) is geographically widespread and utilizes diverse habitats. Previous studies revealed high genetic diversity, suggesting that this species could be a species complex. In this study, we used mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase II sequences to examine genetic structure and demographic history of S. aureohirtum in Thailand. High level of genetic variation was observed due to the existence of genetically divergent lineages (A, B, and C). Lineages A and C were geographically widespread, while lineage B was geographically restricted to the eastern part of Thailand. The geographic localization of lineage B suggested limitations in gene flow, which is most likely a result of ecologically different habitats. Large genetic differences between individuals of lineages A and C, but geographically sympatric distributions of the members of these lineages, are considered to represent an admixture of the populations that have evolved allopatrically. Historical environmental change during the Pleistocene glaciations is possibly the factor that drove the lineage divergence. Population demographic history analyses revealed recent population expansions in the three lineages dating back to the last glaciations. These observations further highlight the significance of the Pleistocene climatic change on current genetic structure and diversity of living organisms of the Southeast Asian mainland.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand.
authors.forename: Jiraporn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thaijarern
authors.forename: Piyamas Nanork
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Sopaladawan
authors.forename: Komgrit
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wongpakam
authors.forename: Pairot
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pramual
mesh_terms: D063147:Animal Distribution; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D051456:Gene Flow / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011157:Population Dynamics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012843:Simuliidae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D013045:Species Specificity; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV
keywords: Pleistocene; Pléistocène; Simuliidae; black fly; mouche noire; phylogeography; phylogéographie