title: African trypanosome control in the insect vector and mammalian host.
abstract: The life cycle of African trypanosomes involves adaptations to the defense mechanisms of two completely different hosts, the insect vector Glossina and the mammalian host. This interplay ultimately determines host resistance and/or tolerance to parasite infection. In the tsetse fly, the immune deficiency (IMD)-regulated pathway, the scavenger receptor peptidoglycan-recognition protein LB (PGRP-LB), and the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated response modulate the insect's capacity to transmit the parasite. In experimental mice, control of parasite burden and tissue pathogenicity relies on timely regulated interactions between myeloid cells exhibiting distinct activation states (M1 versus M2 type). Tsetse fly saliva and various trypanosome components including adenylate cyclases, DNA, a kinesin heavy chain, and variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) interfere with resistance and tolerance to infection.
authors.affiliation: Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Brussels, Brussels, Belgium; Cellular and Molecular Immunology Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: abeschin@vub.ac.be.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beschin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Protozoology Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Zoophysiology, University of Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: jvdabbeele@itg.be.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Den Abbeele
authors.affiliation: Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Brussels, Brussels, Belgium; Cellular and Molecular Immunology Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Baetselier
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium; Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wallonia, Belgium.
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pays
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000469:parasitology*; D008322:Mammals; D014346:Trypanosoma brucei brucei / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D014353:Trypanosomiasis, African / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000635:transmission*; D014370:Tsetse Flies / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins
keywords: inflammation; liver; macrophages; monocytes; myeloid cells; tsetse fly