title: Whole-body vibration exposure in sport: four relevant cases.
abstract: This study investigates the whole-body vibration exposure in kite surfing, alpine skiing, snowboarding and cycling. The vibration exposure was experimentally evaluated following the ISO 2631 guidelines. Results evidenced that the most critical axis is the vertical one. The weighted vibration levels are always larger than 2.5 m/s(2) and the vibration dose values are larger than 25 m/s(1.75). The exposure limit values of the EU directive are reached after 8-37 min depending on the sport. The vibration magnitude is influenced by the athletes' speed, by their skill level and sometimes by the equipment. The large vibration values suggest that the practice of sport activities may be a confounding factor in the aetiology of vibration-related diseases.
  The vibration exposure in some sports is expected to be large, but has never been quantified in the literature. Results of experiments performed in cycling, alpine and water sports outlined vibration levels exceeding the EU standard limit values.
authors.affiliation: a Dipartimento di Meccanica , Politecnico di Milano , via Previati 1/C, 23900 Lecco , Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tarabini
authors.forename: Bortolino
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Saggin
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scaccabarozzi
mesh_terms: D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000209:etiology*; D001642:Bicycling / Q000293:injuries / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D038161:Snow Sports / Q000293:injuries / Q000502:physiology; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology*; D014732:Vibration / Q000009:adverse effects*
keywords: acceleration exposures; back pain; sports ergonomics; whole-body vibration