title: Therapeutic effects of high molecular weight hyaluronan injections for tendinopathy in a rat model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tendinopathy is the most common tendon disorder. The etiology is still uncertain, and the disorder poses many therapeutic problems. In a few clinical studies, analgesic effects of high molecular weight hyaluronan (HMW HA) injections were observed, but the underlying mechanisms were not elucidated. In the present study, we analyzed the therapeutic effects of hyaluronan injections for tendinopathy in an animal model.
  
  
  METHODS
  We made the tendinopathy rat model using a rodent treadmill machine. Rats with tendinopathy were injected with HMW HA (HA group), normal saline (NS group), or nothing (control group) into the space between the patellar tendon and the fat pad bilaterally, or were injected with HMW HA into the right knees and with saline to the left knees (HA/NS group), 5 times every 4 days. To assess the pain-relieving effect of HA, the spontaneous locomotor activities at night (12 h) and weight bearing of hind paws were measured every day. Histological sections of the patellar tendon stained with hematoxylin-eosin or prepared by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling were microscopically analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of spontaneous locomotor activities in the HA group was significantly larger than those in NS or control groups, and in the HA group they recovered up to a healthy level. The percent weight distribution of the right hind paws was significantly increased along with the number of injections. On histologic examinations, the numbers of microtears, laminations, or apoptotic cells in the patellar tendons in the HA group were significantly lower than those in the NS or the control groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The injections of HMW HA were effective for pain relief and for partial restoration of the patellar tendon in our tendinopathy rat model, and thus may become an effective therapeutic modality for the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan, mamoru@jikei.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Funasaki
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Keishi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Marumo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D017847:Patellar Ligament; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D052256:Tendinopathy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D055675:Viscosupplements / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016474:Weight-Bearing
chemical_list: D055675:Viscosupplements; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid