title: Incidence of retrobulbar hemorrhage in the emergency department.
abstract: Retrobulbar hemorrhage is a rare but potentially devastating complication of midface trauma. Management of this entity requires prompt diagnosis and medical and surgical interventions. The incidence of retrobulbar hemorrhage has been cited to be lower than 1%; however, despite a low rate of occurrence, lack of immediate care can lead to major morbidity for the patient. This report presents a retrospective evaluation of the incidence and management of post-traumatic retrobulbar bleed in the emergency department by an oral and maxillofacial surgery service at a tertiary care trauma center.
authors.affiliation: Chair and Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Florida Health Science Center, Jacksonville, FL. Electronic address: Tirbod.Fattahi@Jax.Ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Tirbod
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fattahi
authors.affiliation: Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Florida Health Science Center, Jacksonville, FL.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brewer
authors.affiliation: Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Florida Health Science Center, Jacksonville, FL.
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Retana
authors.affiliation: Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Florida Health Science Center, Jacksonville, FL.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogledzki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019315:Retrobulbar Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult