title: Optimizing the aquatic toxicity assessment under REACH through an integrated testing strategy (ITS).
abstract: To satisfy REACH requirements a high number of data on chemical of interest should be supplied to the European Chemicals Agency. To organize the various kinds of information and help the registrants to choose the best strategy to obtain the needed information limiting at the minimum the use of animal testing, integrated testing strategies (ITSs) schemes can be used. The present work deals with regulatory data requirements for assessing the hazards of chemicals to the aquatic pelagic environment. We present an ITS scheme for organizing and using the complex existing data available for aquatic toxicity assessment. An ITS to optimize the choice of the correct prediction strategy for aquatic pelagic toxicity is described. All existing information (like physico-chemical information), and all the alternative methods (like in silico, in vitro or the acute-to-chronic ratio) are considered. Moreover the weight of evidence approach to combine the available data is included.
authors.affiliation: IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Department of Environmental Health Science, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Via G. La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lombardo
authors.affiliation: IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Department of Environmental Health Science, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Via G. La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roncaglioni
authors.affiliation: IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Department of Environmental Health Science, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Via G. La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy. Electronic address: benfenati@marionegri.it.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Benfenati
authors.affiliation: Analytisches Laboratorium, Bahnhofstr. 1, 24816 Luhnstedt, Germany.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nendza
authors.affiliation: Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Postbox 8466, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Segner
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Public Health, Trubarjeva 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jeram
authors.affiliation: SIMPPLE S.L., Cr Joan Maragall 1 1r, Catalonia, 43003 Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pauné
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Ecological Chemistry, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Organic Chemistry, Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Strasse 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerrit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schüürmann
mesh_terms: D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis / Q000379:methods; D062067:Chemical Safety / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods*; D005062:European Union; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D033161:Government Regulation; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Alternative methods; Aquatic toxicity; Hazard assessment; ITS; REACH