title: External control of the Drosophila melanogaster egg to imago development period by specific combinations of 3D low-frequency electric and magnetic fields.
abstract: We report that the duration of the egg-to-imago development period of the Drosophila melanogaster, and the imago longevity, are both controllable by combinations of external 3-dimensional (3D) low-frequency electric and magnetic fields (LFEMFs). Both these periods may be reduced or increased by applying an appropriate configuration of external 3D LFEMFs. We report that the longevity of D. melanogaster imagoes correlates with the duration of the egg-to-imago development period of the respective eggs. We infer that metabolic processes in both eggs and imago are either accelerated (resulting in reduced time periods) or slowed down (resulting in increased time periods). We propose that external 3D LFEMFs induce electric currents in live systems as well as mechanical vibrations on sub-cell, whole-cell and cell-group levels. These external fields induce media polarization due to ionic motion and orientation of electric dipoles that could moderate the observed effects. We found that the longevity of D. melanogaster imagoes is affected by action of 3D LFEMFs on the respective eggs in the embryonic development period (EDP). We interpret this effect as resulting from changes in the regulation mechanism of metabolic processes in D. melanogaster eggs, inherited by the resulting imagoes. We also tested separate effects of either 3D electric or 3D magnetic fields, which were significantly weaker.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physics , University of Puerto Rico , Rio Piedras , San Juan , PR , USA and.
authors.forename: Vladimir I
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Makarov
authors.affiliation: b FCT, DQF, and CIQA, Universidade do Algarve , Faro , Portugal.
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Khmelinskii
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000196:embryology* / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D008136:Longevity / Q000528:radiation effects; D008297:Male; D008675:Metamorphosis, Biological / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010063:Ovum / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Drosophila melanogaster; Eggs; egg transformation time; three-dimensional low-frequency electric and magnetic fields (3D LFEMFs)