title: Evaluation of biochemical, hematological and parasitological parameters of protein-deficient hamsters infected with Ancylostoma ceylanicum.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hookworms infect millions of people worldwide and can cause severe clinical symptoms in their hosts. Prospective cohort studies in Brazil show high rates of hookworm reinfection in malnourished children compared to well-nourished children, despite previous treatment. Additionally, soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections can worsen the nutritional status of affected populations. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the effects of host malnutrition during Ancylostoma ceylanicum infection and how this infection affects host physiological parameters using a hamster model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hamsters were divided into four experimental groups: normal diet or low-protein diet (also referred to as "malnourished") and A. ceylanicum infection or no infection. More severe pathogenesis was observed in the infected malnourished group, as demonstrated by significant decreases in the hemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte number and packed-cell volume compared to the non-infected malnourished group. Greater numbers of adult parasites and eggs were observed in the malnourished group compared to the control group; however, the oviposition rate was lower in the malnourished group. In general, greater values of total lipids were observed in malnourished animals compared to control animals, including lipids excreted in the stool.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this work, we have demonstrated that animals fed an isocaloric low-protein diet presented more severe pathogenesis when infected with A. ceylanicum. The increased lipid concentration in the liver and blood is related to the conversion of the excess carbohydrate into fatty acids that increase the concentration of triglycerides in general. Triglycerides were excreted in the feces, indicating that infection associated with malnutrition caused a greater loss of these molecules for this group of animals and confirming the hypothesis that both nutrition and infection are responsible for the malabsorption syndrome. Taken together, the results found in this work confirm the hypothesis that the nutritional condition of the host greatly influences the course of the infection.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carina P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Pacanaro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Faculdade Estácio de Sá de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sílvia R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Serafim
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Patologia Clínica, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edenil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Patologia Clínica, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Paes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jacqueline I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Leite
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elida M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Rabelo
mesh_terms: D000722:Ancylostoma; D000724:Ancylostomiasis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology*; D000818:Animals; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006224:Cricetinae; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D011488:Protein Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology*; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D008055:Lipids