title: Effects of dietary vitamin E concentration and source on sow, milk, and pig concentrations of α-tocopherol.
abstract: A total of 126 gilts and sows (PIC 1050) and their litters were used to determine the effects of dietary vitamin E concentration and source on sow plasma, milk, and pig concentrations of α-tocopherol. Additionally, we estimated the bioavailability of D-α-tocopheryl acetate (D-α-TAc) relative to DL-α-tocopheryl acetate (DL-α-TAc) when fed in diets containing dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). The 6 dietary treatments included DL-α-TAc at 44 and 66 mg/kg and D-α-TAc at 11, 22, 33, and 44 mg/kg. From breeding to d 69 of gestation, sows were fed 2.0 kg/d of a diet containing 40% DDGS, 0.30 mg/kg added Se, and no added vitamin E. Vitamin E treatments were fed from d 70 of gestation through weaning. Plasma was collected from sows on d 69 and 100 of gestation, at farrowing, and at weaning. Colostrum and milk samples were also collected. Plasma from 3 pigs per litter and heart and liver samples from 1 pig per litter were collected at weaning. Plasma, milk, and tissues from 6 litters per treatment were analyzed for α-tocopherol. Although tissue, plasma, and milk concentrations of α-tocopherol were the primary response criteria of interest, sow and litter performance were measured. As expected, treatment effects were not observed for lactation feed intake, sow BW, or backfat measurements. A trend (P = 0.085) for a treatment effect on average pig BW at weaning was detected, with pigs nursing sows fed 44 mg/kg DL-α-TAc weighing less because of a younger weaning age. No other differences in litter performance were observed. As D-α-TAc increased in the diet, sow plasma, colostrum, and milk, pig plasma, and pig heart concentrations of α-tocopherol increased (linear, P < 0.03). Sows fed diets with 44 mg/kg D-α-TAc had increased (P < 0.03) plasma and colostrum and pig plasma concentrations of α-tocopherol compared with sows fed 44 mg/kg of DL-α-TAc. Sows fed 66 mg/kg DL-α-TAc also had greater (P = 0.022) plasma α-tocopherol at weaning than sows fed 44 mg/kg DL-α-TAc. Bioavailability coefficients for D-α-TAc relative to DL-α-TAc ranged from 1.9 to 4.2 for sow and pig plasma α-tocopherol, 2.9 to 3.6 for colostrum α-tocopherol, 1.6 for milk α-tocopherol, and 1.7 to 2.0 for pig heart and liver α-tocopherol. Overall, this study indicates the bioavailability for D-α-TAc relative to DL-α-TAc varies depending on the response criteria but is greater than the standard potency value of 1.36.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture.
authors.forename: N W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Shelton
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506 dritz@ksu.edu.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Dritz
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Nelssen
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Tokach
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Goodband
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: DeRouchey
authors.affiliation: ADM Alliance Nutrition, Quincy, IL 43210.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: ADM Alliance Nutrition, Quincy, IL 43210.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: ADM Alliance Nutrition, Quincy, IL 43210.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Holzgraefe
authors.affiliation: ADM Alliance Nutrition, Quincy, IL 43210.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University, Columbus 62301.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Mahan
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D003126:Colostrum / Q000737:chemistry; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D014810:Vitamin E; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol
keywords: bioavailability; natural vitamin E; sow; α-tocopherol