title: Nutritional recovery promotes hypothalamic inflammation in rats during adulthood.
abstract: We evaluated whether protein restriction in fetal life alters food intake and glucose homeostasis in adulthood by interfering with insulin signal transduction through proinflammatory mechanisms in the hypothalamus and peripheral tissues. Rats were divided into the following: a control group (C); a recovered group (R); and a low protein (LP) group. Relative food intake was greater and serum leptin was diminished in LP and R compared to C rats. Proinflammatory genes and POMC mRNA were upregulated in the hypothalamus of R group. Hypothalamic NPY mRNA expression was greater but AKT phosphorylation was diminished in the LP than in the C rats. In muscle, AKT phosphorylation was higher in restricted than in control animals. The HOMA-IR was decreased in R and C compared to the LP group. In contrast, the K(itt) in R was similar to that in C and both were lower than LP rats. Thus, nutritional recovery did not alter glucose homeostasis but produced middle hyperphagia, possibly due to increased anorexigenic neuropeptide expression that counteracted the hypothalamic inflammatory process. In long term protein deprived rats, hyperphagia most likely resulted from increased orexigenic neuropeptide expression, and glucose homeostasis was maintained, at least in part, at the expense of increased muscle insulin sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Mestrado em Biociências, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
authors.forename: Hellen Barbosa Farias
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Mestrado em Biociências, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula Carli
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Avaliação Biológica de Alimentos, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
authors.forename: Katarine Barbosa
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Avenida Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367. Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
authors.forename: Letícia Martins
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ignacio-Souza
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Avenida Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367. Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
authors.forename: Silvia Regina de Lima
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Avenida Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367. Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marise Auxiliadora de Barros
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Avenida Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367. Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcia Queiroz
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8534-1140
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Latorraca
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marciane
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milanski
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Avenida Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367. Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa Cristina
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Arantes
mesh_terms: D052436:Adipose Tissue, White / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008297:Male; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt