title: Impact of chronic kidney disease and anemia on physical function in patients with chronic heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to confirm the effects of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and anemia on physical function and to clarify whether the interaction between CKD and anemia has an additive effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible subjects were chronic heart failure (HF) patients who were discharged between March 2007 and August 2009. A total of 102 chronic HF patients (33% females; mean age: 68 ± 14 years) were enrolled in the present study. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2), and anemia was defined as a hemoglobin level of <12 g/dl in males and of <11 g/dl in females. The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) was used to assess physical function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The adjusted mean SPPB score was lower in patients with both CKD and anemia than in those with neither of the diseases or with either disease alone (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study found that CKD and anemia are independently associated with reduced physical function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morotomi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ozawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Reina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uewaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shiotani
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Azusa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagayama
keywords: Anemia; Chronic kidney disease; Heart failure; Physical function