title: XPAD X-ray hybrid pixel detector for charge density quality diffracted intensities on laboratory equipment.
abstract: The new generation of X-ray detectors, the hybrid pixel area detectors or `pixel detectors', is based on direct detection and single-photon counting processes. A large linearity range, high dynamic and extremely low noise leading to an unprecedented high signal-to-noise ratio, fast readout time (high frame rates) and an electronic shutter are among their intrinsic characteristics which render them very attractive. First used on synchrotron beamlines, these detectors are also promising in the laboratory, in particular for pump-probe or quasi-static experiments and accurate electron density measurements, as explained in this paper. An original laboratory diffractometer made from a Nonius Mach3 goniometer equipped with an Incoatec Mo microsource and an XPAD pixel area detector has been developed at the CRM2 laboratory. Mo Kα accurate charge density quality data up to 1.21 Å(-1) resolution have been collected on a sodium nitroprusside crystal using this home-made diffractometer. Data quality for charge density analysis based on multipolar modelling are discussed in this paper. Deformation electron densities are compared to those already published (based on data collected with CCD APEXII and CAD4 diffractometers).
authors.affiliation: Université de Lorraine, CRM2, UMR 7036, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy F-54506, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wenger
authors.affiliation: Université de Lorraine, CRM2, UMR 7036, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy F-54506, France.
authors.forename: Slimane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dahaoui
authors.affiliation: Université de Lorraine, CRM2, UMR 7036, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy F-54506, France.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alle
authors.affiliation: Université de Lorraine, CRM2, UMR 7036, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy F-54506, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parois
authors.affiliation: Université de Lorraine, CRM2, UMR 7036, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy F-54506, France.
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Palin
authors.affiliation: Université de Lorraine, CRM2, UMR 7036, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy F-54506, France.
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lecomte
authors.affiliation: Université de Lorraine, CRM2, UMR 7036, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy F-54506, France.
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schaniel
keywords: X-ray detectors; electron density; hybrid pixel detector; laboratory accurate X-ray intensity measurements; sodium nitroprusside