title: Schistosoma japonicum in Samar, the Philippines: infection in dogs and rats as a possible risk factor for human infection.
abstract: The role that animals play in the transmission of Schistosoma japonicum to humans in the Philippines remains uncertain and prior studies have not included several species, adjustment for misclassification error and clustering, or used a cohort design. A cohort study of 2468 people providing stool samples at 12 months following praziquantel treatment in 50 villages of Western Samar, the Philippines, was conducted. Stool samples from dogs, cats, rats, and water buffaloes were collected at baseline (2003-2004) and follow-up (2005). Latent-class hierarchical Bayesian log-binomial models adjusting for misclassification errors in diagnostic tests were used. The village-level baseline and follow-up prevalences of cat, dog, and rat S. japonicum infection were associated with the 12-month cumulative incidence of human S. japonicum infection, with similar magnitude and precision of effect, but correlation between infection levels made it difficult to divide their respective effects. The cumulative incidence ratios associated with a 1% increase in the prevalence of infection in dogs at baseline and in rats at follow-up were 1·04 [95% Bayesian credible interval (BCI) 1·02-1·07] and 1·02 (95% BCI 1·01-1·04), respectively, when both species were entered in the model. Dogs appear to play a role in human schistosomiasis infection while rats could be used as schistosomiasis sentinels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology,College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center,Oklahoma City,OK,USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Carabin
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and International Health Institute,Brown University School of Public Health,Providence,RI,USA.
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: McGARVEY
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and International Health Institute,Brown University School of Public Health,Providence,RI,USA.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sahlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology,College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center,Oklahoma City,OK,USA.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Tarafder
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Epidemiology,McGill University Health Centre,Montréal,Québec,Canada.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics/UFRN Natal,RN,Brazil.
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: DE Andrade
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Tropical Medicine,Alabang,Muntinlupa City,Philippines.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Balolong
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Tropical Medicine,Alabang,Muntinlupa City,Philippines.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Olveda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002020:Buffaloes; D002415:Cats; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000469:parasitology*; D004285:Dogs; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D010679:Philippines / Q000453:epidemiology; D011223:Praziquantel / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D012307:Risk Factors; D012549:Schistosoma japonicum; D012554:Schistosomiasis japonica / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013552:Swine; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D011223:Praziquantel
keywords: zoonosis