title: Predictors of adherence to glaucoma treatment in a multisite study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Poor adherence hinders glaucoma treatment. Studies have identified demographic and clinical predictors of adherence but fewer psychological variables.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined predictors from four health behavior theories and past research.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the baseline phase of a three-site adherence study, before any intervention, 201 participants used electronic Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS) bottles to monitor eyedrop use for 2 months, and completed questionnaires including self-reported adherence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MEMS showed 79% adherence and self-report 94% (0.5-1.5 missed weekly doses), but they correlated only r(s) = 0.31. Self-efficacy, motivation, dose frequency, and nonminority race/ethnicity predicted 35% of variance in MEMS. Cues to action, self-efficacy, and intention predicted 20% of variance in self-reported adherence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-efficacy, motivation, intention, cues to action, dose frequency, and race/ethnicity each independently predicted adherence. Predictors from all theories were supported in bivariate analyses, but additional study is needed. Researchers and clinicians should consider psychological predictors of adherence. (ClinicalTrials.gov ID# NCT01409421.).
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado College of Nursing, University of Colorado, Campus Box C288-04, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA, paul.cook@ucdenver.edu.
authors.forename: Paul F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Schmiege
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Mansberger
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kammer
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.forename: Malik Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Kahook
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D020377:Self Efficacy; D057566:Self Report; D055815:Young Adult