title: Polyphenol extracts from Punica granatum and Terminalia chebula are anti-inflammatory and increase the survival rate of chickens challenged with Escherichia coli.
abstract: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes inflammation in multiple organs of chickens called avian colibacillosis, and results in serious economic loss to the chicken industry. Polyphenolic compounds possess a wide range of physiological activities that may contribute to their beneficial effects against inflammation-related diseases. In this study, the curative effect and mechanism of action of the polyphenolic extracts from Punica granatum L. and Terminalia chebula Retz. in chickens challenged with APEC were studied. Specific-pathogen-free white Leghorn chickens (males, 21-d old) were challenged with APEC and then given oral administration of extracts of P. granatum and T. chebula. The extracts decreased the morbidity and inflammation induced by APEC. Data from quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that the extracts of P. granatum and T. chebula polyphenols (GCP) reversed the over-expression genes of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, 4, and 5, down-regulated the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B signal transduction pathways, and inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Naturally occurring GCP may be a potential alternative medicine for the prevention or treatment of avian colibacillosis.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science, Beijing University of Agriculture.
authors.forename: Xinlu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Yaran
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Jiajia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jianqing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ross C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Beier
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Fenghua
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002645:Chickens; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood; D029561:Lythraceae; D008297:Male; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D011897:Random Allocation; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D029766:Terminalia
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D059808:Polyphenols