title: Structural libraries of protein models for multiple species to understand evolution of the renin-angiotensin system.
abstract: The details of protein pathways at a structural level provides a bridge between genetics/molecular biology and physiology. The renin-angiotensin system is involved in many physiological pathways with informative structural details in multiple components. Few studies have been performed assessing structural knowledge across the system. This assessment allows use of bioinformatics tools to fill in missing structural voids. In this paper we detail known structures of the renin-angiotensin system and use computational approaches to estimate and model components that do not have their protein structures defined. With the subsequent large library of protein structures, we then created a species specific protein library for human, mouse, rat, bovine, zebrafish, and chicken for the system. The rat structural system allowed for rapid screening of genetic variants from 51 commonly used rat strains, identifying amino acid variants in angiotensinogen, ACE2, and AT1b that are in contact positions with other macromolecules. We believe the structural map will be of value for other researchers to understand their experimental data in the context of an environment for multiple proteins, providing pdb files of proteins for the renin-angiotensin system in six species. With detailed structural descriptions of each protein, it is easier to assess a species for use in translating human diseases with animal models. Additionally, as whole genome sequencing continues to decrease in cost, tools such as molecular modeling will gain use as an initial step in designing efficient hypothesis driven research, addressing potential functional outcomes of genetic variants with precompiled protein libraries aiding in rapid characterizations.
authors.affiliation: Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. Electronic address: jprokop54@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jeremy W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Prokop
authors.affiliation: Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Petri
authors.affiliation: Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Shimoyama
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ingrid K M
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dulce E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Casarini
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Leeper
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bilinovich
authors.affiliation: Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Howard J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Robson A S
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Almir S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Science and Technology in Molecular Medicine - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiano C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Science and Technology in Molecular Medicine - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Milsted
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002417:Cattle; D002645:Chickens; D019295:Computational Biology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011487:Protein Conformation; D051381:Rats; D012083:Renin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013045:Species Specificity; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: D000808:Angiotensinogen; D012083:Renin
keywords: Angiotensin peptides; Comparative modeling; Rat genetics; Renin-angiotensin system; Sequence-to-structure-to-function analysis