title: Does oral supplementation of a fermented papaya preparation correct respiratory burst function of innate immune cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients?
abstract: Fermented papaya preparation (FPP) is a nutritional supplement reported to act as an antioxidant by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and removing "bad ROS," while inducing "respiratory burst" production of necessary "good ROS." We sought to investigate the safety of oral administration of FPP (9 g/day, 6 weeks) to T2D patients with regard to its effect on the hyperglycemia status of these patients. Peripheral blood was collected during a baseline visit, followed by subsequent collections both during and after supplementation. Induced "respiratory burst" ROS production was measured at each visit in addition to fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and lipid/protein peroxidation. Oral FPP supplementation induced "respiratory burst" in peripheral blood mononuclear cells while not influencing other blood parameters studied. When human monocytic THP-1 cells were supplemented with sugar-based FPP, cellular ATP and NADPH concentrations were increased while matched glucose alone did not produce similar effects, suggesting a glucose-independent component of FPP to be responsible for increasing cellular energetics. THP-1 cells supplemented with FPP also exhibited higher mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and oxygen consumption as compared with cells treated with glucose alone. Taken together, our observations lead to the hypothesis that FPP corrects inducible "respiratory burst" function in type 2 diabetes patients.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Wound Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dickerson
authors.forename: Jaideep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rauckhorst
authors.forename: Douglas R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.forename: Gayle M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Gordillo
authors.forename: Savita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.forename: Kwame
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Osei
authors.forename: Sashwati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roy
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D029441:Carica / Q000737:chemistry; D002460:Cell Line; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008297:Male; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts