title: Arousal electrical stimuli evoke sudomotor activity related to P300, and skin vasoconstrictor activity related to N140 in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Arousal stimuli evoke bursts of skin sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA). SSNA usually contains sudomotor and vasoconstrictor neural spikes. The aim of this study was to elucidate which components of event-related potentials (ERPs) are related to sudomotor and vasoconstrictor responses comprising arousal SSNA bursts.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recorded SSNA from the tibial nerve by microneurography, with corresponding sympathetic skin response (SSR), sympathetic flow response (SFR), and ERPs in 10 healthy subjects. Electrical stimulation of the median nerve was used to induce arousal responses. ERPs were classified by the occurrence of SSR and SFR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SSNA bursts followed by SSR were associated with larger P300 than SSNA bursts followed by no SSR. For N140, no difference in the amplitude was found between SSNA bursts with and without SSR. SSNA bursts followed by SFR were associated with larger N140 than SSNA bursts followed by no SFR. However, there were no differences in the amplitude of P300 between SSNA bursts with and without SFR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sudomotor and skin vasoconstrictor responses to arousal stimuli were differently associated with distinct ERP components.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The possibility that sudomotor and skin vasoconstrictor activities comprising arousal SSNA reflect different stages of the cognitive process is suggested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan. Electronic address: kuwaya28@aichi-med-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuwahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan; Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, 713-8 Kamiya-Cho, Kasugai, Aichi 480-0392, Japan.
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tsukahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwase
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan; Department of Nursing, Sugiyama Jyogakuen University, 17-3 Motomachi, Hoshigaoka, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8662, Japan.
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sugenoya
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
authors.forename: Motohiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D018913:Event-Related Potentials, P300 / Q000502:physiology*; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008475:Median Nerve / Q000502:physiology; D012867:Skin / Q000294:innervation*; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: N140; P300; Skin sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA); Skin vasoconstrictor response; Sudomotor response