title: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and oxygenated metabolism in atherothrombosis.
abstract: Numerous epidemiological studies and clinical trials have reported the health benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including a lower risk of coronary heart diseases. This review mainly focuses on the effects of alpha-linolenic (ALA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids on some risk factors associated with atherothrombosis, including platelet activation, plasma lipid concentrations and oxidative modification of low-density lipoproteins (LDL). Special focus is given to the effects of marine PUFA on the formation of eicosanoids and docosanoids, and to the bioactive properties of some oxygenated metabolites of omega-3 PUFA produced by cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases. The antioxidant effects of marine omega-3 PUFA at low concentrations and the pro-oxidant effects of DHA at high concentrations on the redox status of platelets and LDL are highlighted. Non enzymatic peroxidation end-products deriving from omega-3 PUFA such as hydroxy-hexenals, neuroketals and EPA-derived isoprostanes are also considered in relation to atherosclerosis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance".
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, UMR 1060 Inserm (CarMeN), UMR 1397 INRA, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, Villeurbanne, France. Electronic address: michel.guichardant@insa-lyon.fr.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guichardant
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, UMR 1060 Inserm (CarMeN), UMR 1397 INRA, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Calzada
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, UMR 1060 Inserm (CarMeN), UMR 1397 INRA, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bernoud-Hubac
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, UMR 1060 Inserm (CarMeN), UMR 1397 INRA, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lagarde
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, UMR 1060 Inserm (CarMeN), UMR 1397 INRA, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Evelyne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Véricel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid
keywords: Dioxygenases; Docosahexaenoic acid; Eicosapentaenoic acid; Peroxidation; Platelets; α-Linolenic acid