title: Urinary tract infection in febrile under five children in Enugu, South Eastern Nigeria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fever is a common symptom of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children less than 5 years of age. Little attention is however paid to UTI as a cause of fever in this age group.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the following study is to determine the prevalence of UTI in febrile children less than 5 years of age and relate it to demographic and clinical characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urine specimen of febrile children aged 1-59 months obtained by suprapubic or midstream methods were analyzed using standard laboratory methods of microscopy, culture and sensitivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 200 children were enrolled; nearly 56% (112/200) were males. The mean age of the subjects was 31.14 ± 17.96 months. The prevalence of UTI was 11% and was significantly higher in females than in males ( P = 0.049). Children below 12 months of age had a higher rate of UTI than those 12 months and above ( P = 0.028). The common clinical features were vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, urinary frequency and urgency but none had a significant association with UTI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UTI is common in febrile under-fives especially among females and infants. No association was apparent between the occurrence of UTI and clinical parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Federal Medical Center, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ibeneme
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oguonu
authors.forename: H U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Okafor
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Ikefuna
authors.forename: U C
authors.initials: UC
authors.lastname: Ozumba
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009549:Nigeria; D015995:Prevalence; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology