title: Second trimester amniotic fluid retinol in patients developing preeclampsia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Retinol (ROH) is an essential micronutrient required for normal fetal development and an essential molecule for antioxidant processes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the putative role of ROH as a marker of preeclampsia in early second trimester amniotic fluid (AF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study comparing the concentration of ROH and other antioxidants such as uric acid, vitamin E and malondialdehyde (MDA) in second trimester AF in patients that later developed preeclampsia with normal pregnancies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentration of ROH in amniotic fluids of women that later developed preeclampsia was significantly higher than those of uncomplicated pregnancies (66.72 µg/l (49.00-70.56) vs. 44.4 µg/l (31.9-51.17), p < 0.05). No statistical significant difference was found in uric acid, vitamin E and MDA concentration. In the multivariate logistic regression, concentrations of ROH in amniotic fluids directly correlate with the risk of developing preeclampsia (OR 1.13, IC 0.01-1.26, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Second trimester AF ROH concentration was significantly higher in pregnancies that developed preeclampsia compared to normal pregnancies.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, DISM, AOU, "SM della Misericordia'" of Udine, P.le SM della Misericordia 15, 33100, Udine, Italy, fruscal@libero.it.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fruscalzo
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Londero
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Biasizzo
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bortolotti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bertozzi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Curcio
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marchesoni
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Driul
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000378:metabolism*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014801:Vitamin A; D014810:Vitamin E; D014527:Uric Acid; D008315:Malondialdehyde