title: Impacts of shift work on sleep and circadian rhythms.
abstract: Shift work comprises work schedules that extend beyond the typical "nine-to-five" workday, wherein schedules often comprise early work start, compressed work weeks with 12-hour shifts, and night work. According to recent American and European surveys, between 15 and 30% of adult workers are engaged in some type of shift work, with 19% of the European population reportedly working at least 2 hours between 22:00 and 05:00. The 2005 International Classification of Sleep Disorders estimates that a shift work sleep disorder can be found in 2-5% of workers. This disorder is characterized by excessive sleepiness and/or sleep disruption for at least one month in relation with the atypical work schedule. Individual tolerance to shift work remains a complex problem that is affected by the number of consecutive work hours and shifts, the rest periods, and the predictability of work schedules. Sleepiness usually occurs during night shifts and is maximal at the end of the night. Impaired vigilance and performance occur around times of increased sleepiness and can seriously compromise workers' health and safety. Indeed, workers suffering from a shift work sleep-wake disorder can fall asleep involuntarily at work or while driving back home after a night shift. Working on atypical shifts has important socioeconomic impacts as it leads to an increased risk of accidents, workers' impairment and danger to public safety, especially at night. The aim of the present review is to review the circadian and sleep-wake disturbances associated with shift work as well as their medical impacts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875, LaSalle Boulevard, 1115, H4H 1R3 Montreal, QC, Canada. Electronic address: diane.boivin@douglas.mcgill.ca.
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Boivin
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875, LaSalle Boulevard, 1115, H4H 1R3 Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boudreau
mesh_terms: D000059:Accidents; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D001334:Automobile Driving; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D056925:Circadian Rhythm Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D008027:Light; D008550:Melatonin / Q000502:physiology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012306:Risk; D012636:Secretory Rate; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D020178:Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D056925:Circadian Rhythm Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008550:Melatonin; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: Accidents; Circadian rhythms; Contre-mesures; Countermeasures; Night shift work; Performance; Privation de sommeil; Restriction de sommeil; Rythmes circadiens; Shift work; Sleep deprivation; Sleep restriction; Travail de nuit; Travail posté