title: Neurodevelopmental outcome in congenital diaphragmatic hernia: Evaluation, predictors and outcome.
abstract: To review the reported neurodevelopmental outcome of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) survivors, identify important predictors of developmental disabilities, and describe the pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to adverse outcome. A Medline search was performed for English-language articles cross-referencing CDH with pertinent search terms. Retrospective, prospective, and longitudinal follow-up studies were examined. The reference lists of identified articles were also searched. Neurodevelopmental dysfunction has been recognized as one of most common and potentially most disabling outcome of CDH. Intelligence appears to be in the low normal to mildly delayed range. Neuromotor dysfunction is common during early childhood. Behavioral problems, hearing impairment, and quality of life related issues are frequently encountered in older children and adolescence. Disease severity correlates with the degree of neurological dysfunction. Neurodevelopmental follow-up in CDH children should become standard of care to identify those who would benefit from early intervention services and improve neurological outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Enrico Danzer, Stephen S Kim, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Inova Fairfax Hospital for Children, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Fairfax, VA 22003, United States.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Danzer
authors.affiliation: Enrico Danzer, Stephen S Kim, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Inova Fairfax Hospital for Children, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Fairfax, VA 22003, United States.
authors.forename: Stephen S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Autism; Bayley scale of infant development; Congenital diaphragmatic hernia; Developmental disabilities; Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Neurodevelopment; Quality of life; Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligenc