title: Tamibarotene as maintenance therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia: results from a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: The introduction of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) has significantly improved outcomes for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), although a subset of patients still suffer relapse. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of maintenance therapy with the synthetic retinoid tamibarotene in APL.
  
  
  
  Patients with newly diagnosed APL in molecular remission at the end of consolidation therapy were randomly assigned to receive ATRA or tamibarotene, both orally, for 14 days every 3 months for up to 2 years.
  
  
  
  A total of 347 patients were enrolled. Of the 344 eligible patients, 319 (93%) achieved complete remission. After completing three courses of consolidation therapy, 269 patients underwent maintenance random assignment. The relapse-free survival (RFS) rate at 4 years was 84% for the ATRA arm and 91% for the tamibarotene arm (hazard ratio [HR], 0.54; 95% CI, 0.26 to 1.13). When the analysis was restricted to 52 high-risk patients with an initial WBC count ≥ 10.0 × 10(9)/L, the intergroup difference was statistically significant, with 4-year RFS rates of 58% for the ATRA arm and 87% for the tamibarotene arm (HR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.95). For patients with non-high-risk disease, the HR was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.32 to 2.01). The test for interaction between treatment effects and these subgroups resulted in P = .075. Both treatments were generally well tolerated.
  
  
  
  In this trial, no difference was detected between ATRA and tamibarotene for maintenance therapy. In an exploratory analysis, there was a suggestion of improved efficacy of tamibarotene in high-risk patients, but this requires further study.
authors.affiliation: Katsuji Shinagawa, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama; Masamitsu Yanada and Nobuhiko Emi, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake; Toru Sakura, Saiseikai Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi; Yasunori Ueda, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki; Masashi Sawa, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo; Junichi Miyatake, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama; Nobuaki Dobashi, Jikei University School of Medicine; Yoshihiro Hatta, Nihon University School of Medicine; Yukio Kobayashi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Minoru Kojima, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara; Shigehisa Tamaki, Ise Red Cross Hospital, Ise; Hiroshi Gomyo, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi; Etsuko Yamazaki, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Katsumichi Fujimaki, Fujisawa City Hospital, Fujisawa; Norio Asou, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka; Keitaro Matsuo, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka; Shigeki Ohtake, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Yasushi Miyazaki, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki; Kazunori Ohnishi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Tomoki Naoe, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine and National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinagawa
authors.affiliation: Katsuji Shinagawa, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama; Masamitsu Yanada and Nobuhiko Emi, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake; Toru Sakura, Saiseikai Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi; Yasunori Ueda, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki; Masashi Sawa, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo; Junichi Miyatake, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama; Nobuaki Dobashi, Jikei University School of Medicine; Yoshihiro Hatta, Nihon University School of Medicine; Yukio Kobayashi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Minoru Kojima, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara; Shigehisa Tamaki, Ise Red Cross Hospital, Ise; Hiroshi Gomyo, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi; Etsuko Yamazaki, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Katsumichi Fujimaki, Fujisawa City Hospital, Fujisawa; Norio Asou, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka; Keitaro Matsuo, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka; Shigeki Ohtake, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Yasushi Miyazaki, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki; Kazunori Ohnishi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Tomoki Naoe, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine and National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan. myanada@fujita-hu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masamitsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yanada
authors.affiliation: Katsuji Shinagawa, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama; Masamitsu Yanada and Nobuhiko Emi, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake; Toru Sakura, Saiseikai Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi; Yasunori Ueda, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki; Masashi Sawa, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo; Junichi Miyatake, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama; Nobuaki Dobashi, Jikei University School of Medicine; Yoshihiro Hatta, Nihon University School of Medicine; Yukio Kobayashi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Minoru Kojima, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara; Shigehisa Tamaki, Ise Red Cross Hospital, Ise; Hiroshi Gomyo, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi; Etsuko Yamazaki, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Katsumichi Fujimaki, Fujisawa City Hospital, Fujisawa; Norio Asou, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka; Keitaro Matsuo, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka; Shigeki Ohtake, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Yasushi Miyazaki, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki; Kazunori Ohnishi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Tomoki Naoe, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine and National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakura
authors.affiliation: Katsuji Shinagawa, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama; Masamitsu Yanada and Nobuhiko Emi, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake; Toru Sakura, Saiseikai Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi; Yasunori Ueda, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki; Masashi Sawa, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo; Junichi Miyatake, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama; Nobuaki Dobashi, Jikei University School of Medicine; Yoshihiro Hatta, Nihon University School of Medicine; Yukio Kobayashi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Minoru Kojima, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara; Shigehisa Tamaki, Ise Red Cross Hospital, Ise; Hiroshi Gomyo, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi; Etsuko Yamazaki, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Katsumichi Fujimaki, Fujisawa City Hospital, Fujisawa; Norio Asou, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka; Keitaro Matsuo, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka; Shigeki Ohtake, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Yasushi Miyazaki, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki; Kazunori Ohnishi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Tomoki Naoe, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine and National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.affiliation: Katsuji Shinagawa, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama; Masamitsu Yanada and Nobuhiko Emi, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake; Toru Sakura, Saiseikai Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi; Yasunori Ueda, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki; Masashi Sawa, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo; Junichi Miyatake, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama; Nobuaki Dobashi, Jikei University School of Medicine; Yoshihiro Hatta, Nihon University School of Medicine; Yukio Kobayashi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Minoru Kojima, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara; Shigehisa Tamaki, Ise Red Cross Hospital, Ise; Hiroshi Gomyo, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi; Etsuko Yamazaki, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Katsumichi Fujimaki, Fujisawa City Hospital, Fujisawa; Norio Asou, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka; Keitaro Matsuo, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka; Shigeki Ohtake, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Yasushi Miyazaki, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki; Kazunori Ohnishi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Tomoki Naoe, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine and National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sawa
authors.affiliation: Katsuji Shinagawa, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama; Masamitsu Yanada and Nobuhiko Emi, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake; Toru Sakura, Saiseikai Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi; Yasunori Ueda, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki; Masashi Sawa, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo; Junichi Miyatake, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama; Nobuaki Dobashi, Jikei University School of Medicine; Yoshihiro Hatta, Nihon University School of Medicine; Yukio Kobayashi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Minoru Kojima, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara; Shigehisa Tamaki, Ise Red Cross Hospital, Ise; Hiroshi Gomyo, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi; Etsuko Yamazaki, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Katsumichi Fujimaki, Fujisawa City Hospital, Fujisawa; Norio Asou, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka; Keitaro Matsuo, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka; Shigeki Ohtake, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Yasushi Miyazaki, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki; Kazunori Ohnishi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Tomoki Naoe, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine and National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miyatake
authors.affiliation: Katsuji Shinagawa, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama; Masamitsu Yanada and Nobuhiko Emi, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake; Toru Sakura, Saiseikai Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi; Yasunori Ueda, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki; Masashi Sawa, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo; Junichi Miyatake, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama; Nobuaki Dobashi, Jikei University School of Medicine; Yoshihiro Hatta, Nihon University School of Medicine; Yukio Kobayashi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Minoru Kojima, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara; Shigehisa Tamaki, Ise Red Cross Hospital, Ise; Hiroshi Gomyo, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi; Etsuko Yamazaki, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Katsumichi Fujimaki, Fujisawa City Hospital, Fujisawa; Norio Asou, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka; Keitaro Matsuo, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka; Shigeki Ohtake, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Yasushi Miyazaki, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki; Kazunori Ohnishi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Tomoki Naoe, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine and National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dobashi
authors.affiliation: Katsuji Shinagawa, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama; Masamitsu Yanada and Nobuhiko Emi, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake; Toru Sakura, Saiseikai Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi; Yasunori Ueda, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki; Masashi Sawa, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo; Junichi Miyatake, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama; Nobuaki Dobashi, Jikei University School of Medicine; Yoshihiro Hatta, Nihon University School of Medicine; Yukio Kobayashi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Minoru Kojima, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara; Shigehisa Tamaki, Ise Red Cross Hospital, Ise; Hiroshi Gomyo, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi; Etsuko Yamazaki, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Katsumichi Fujimaki, Fujisawa City Hospital, Fujisawa; Norio Asou, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka; Keitaro Matsuo, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka; Shigeki Ohtake, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Yasushi Miyazaki, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki; Kazunori Ohnishi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Tomoki Naoe, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine and National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.affiliation: Katsuji Shinagawa, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama; Masamitsu Yanada and Nobuhiko Emi, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake; Toru Sakura, Saiseikai Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi; Yasunori Ueda, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki; Masashi Sawa, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo; Junichi Miyatake, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama; Nobuaki Dobashi, Jikei University School of Medicine; Yoshihiro Hatta, Nihon University School of Medicine; Yukio Kobayashi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Minoru Kojima, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara; Shigehisa Tamaki, Ise Red Cross Hospital, Ise; Hiroshi Gomyo, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi; Etsuko Yamazaki, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Katsumichi Fujimaki, Fujisawa City Hospital, Fujisawa; Norio Asou, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka; Keitaro Matsuo, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka; Shigeki Ohtake, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Yasushi Miyazaki, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki; Kazunori Ohnishi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Tomoki Naoe, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine and National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hatta
authors.affiliation: Katsuji Shinagawa, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama; Masamitsu Yanada and Nobuhiko Emi, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake; Toru Sakura, Saiseikai Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi; Yasunori Ueda, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki; Masashi Sawa, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo; Junichi Miyatake, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama; Nobuaki Dobashi, Jikei University School of Medicine; Yoshihiro Hatta, Nihon University School of Medicine; Yukio Kobayashi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Minoru Kojima, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara; Shigehisa Tamaki, Ise Red Cross Hospital, Ise; Hiroshi Gomyo, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi; Etsuko Yamazaki, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Katsumichi Fujimaki, Fujisawa City Hospital, Fujisawa; Norio Asou, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka; Keitaro Matsuo, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka; Shigeki Ohtake, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Yasushi Miyazaki, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki; Kazunori Ohnishi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Tomoki Naoe, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine and National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Emi
authors.affiliation: Katsuji Shinagawa, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama; Masamitsu Yanada and Nobuhiko Emi, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake; Toru Sakura, Saiseikai Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi; Yasunori Ueda, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki; Masashi Sawa, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo; Junichi Miyatake, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama; Nobuaki Dobashi, Jikei University School of Medicine; Yoshihiro Hatta, Nihon University School of Medicine; Yukio Kobayashi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Minoru Kojima, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara; Shigehisa Tamaki, Ise Red Cross Hospital, Ise; Hiroshi Gomyo, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi; Etsuko Yamazaki, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Katsumichi Fujimaki, Fujisawa City Hospital, Fujisawa; Norio Asou, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka; Keitaro Matsuo, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka; Shigeki Ohtake, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Yasushi Miyazaki, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki; Kazunori Ohnishi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Tomoki Naoe, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine and National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigehisa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.affiliation: Katsuji Shinagawa, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama; Masamitsu Yanada and Nobuhiko Emi, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake; Toru Sakura, Saiseikai Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi; Yasunori Ueda, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki; Masashi Sawa, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo; Junichi Miyatake, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama; Nobuaki Dobashi, Jikei University School of Medicine; Yoshihiro Hatta, Nihon University School of Medicine; Yukio Kobayashi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Minoru Kojima, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara; Shigehisa Tamaki, Ise Red Cross Hospital, Ise; Hiroshi Gomyo, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi; Etsuko Yamazaki, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Katsumichi Fujimaki, Fujisawa City Hospital, Fujisawa; Norio Asou, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka; Keitaro Matsuo, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka; Shigeki Ohtake, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Yasushi Miyazaki, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki; Kazunori Ohnishi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Tomoki Naoe, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine and National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gomyo
authors.affiliation: Katsuji Shinagawa, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama; Masamitsu Yanada and Nobuhiko Emi, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake; Toru Sakura, Saiseikai Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi; Yasunori Ueda, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki; Masashi Sawa, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo; Junichi Miyatake, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama; Nobuaki Dobashi, Jikei University School of Medicine; Yoshihiro Hatta, Nihon University School of Medicine; Yukio Kobayashi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Minoru Kojima, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara; Shigehisa Tamaki, Ise Red Cross Hospital, Ise; Hiroshi Gomyo, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi; Etsuko Yamazaki, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Katsumichi Fujimaki, Fujisawa City Hospital, Fujisawa; Norio Asou, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka; Keitaro Matsuo, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka; Shigeki Ohtake, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Yasushi Miyazaki, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki; Kazunori Ohnishi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Tomoki Naoe, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine and National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Etsuko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.affiliation: Katsuji Shinagawa, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama; Masamitsu Yanada and Nobuhiko Emi, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake; Toru Sakura, Saiseikai Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi; Yasunori Ueda, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki; Masashi Sawa, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo; Junichi Miyatake, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama; Nobuaki Dobashi, Jikei University School of Medicine; Yoshihiro Hatta, Nihon University School of Medicine; Yukio Kobayashi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Minoru Kojima, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara; Shigehisa Tamaki, Ise Red Cross Hospital, Ise; Hiroshi Gomyo, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi; Etsuko Yamazaki, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Katsumichi Fujimaki, Fujisawa City Hospital, Fujisawa; Norio Asou, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka; Keitaro Matsuo, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka; Shigeki Ohtake, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Yasushi Miyazaki, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki; Kazunori Ohnishi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Tomoki Naoe, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine and National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsumichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujimaki
authors.affiliation: Katsuji Shinagawa, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama; Masamitsu Yanada and Nobuhiko Emi, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake; Toru Sakura, Saiseikai Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi; Yasunori Ueda, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki; Masashi Sawa, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo; Junichi Miyatake, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama; Nobuaki Dobashi, Jikei University School of Medicine; Yoshihiro Hatta, Nihon University School of Medicine; Yukio Kobayashi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Minoru Kojima, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara; Shigehisa Tamaki, Ise Red Cross Hospital, Ise; Hiroshi Gomyo, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi; Etsuko Yamazaki, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Katsumichi Fujimaki, Fujisawa City Hospital, Fujisawa; Norio Asou, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka; Keitaro Matsuo, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka; Shigeki Ohtake, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Yasushi Miyazaki, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki; Kazunori Ohnishi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Tomoki Naoe, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine and National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Asou
authors.affiliation: Katsuji Shinagawa, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama; Masamitsu Yanada and Nobuhiko Emi, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake; Toru Sakura, Saiseikai Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi; Yasunori Ueda, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki; Masashi Sawa, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo; Junichi Miyatake, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama; Nobuaki Dobashi, Jikei University School of Medicine; Yoshihiro Hatta, Nihon University School of Medicine; Yukio Kobayashi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Minoru Kojima, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara; Shigehisa Tamaki, Ise Red Cross Hospital, Ise; Hiroshi Gomyo, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi; Etsuko Yamazaki, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Katsumichi Fujimaki, Fujisawa City Hospital, Fujisawa; Norio Asou, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka; Keitaro Matsuo, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka; Shigeki Ohtake, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Yasushi Miyazaki, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki; Kazunori Ohnishi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Tomoki Naoe, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine and National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Keitaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.affiliation: Katsuji Shinagawa, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama; Masamitsu Yanada and Nobuhiko Emi, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake; Toru Sakura, Saiseikai Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi; Yasunori Ueda, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki; Masashi Sawa, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo; Junichi Miyatake, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama; Nobuaki Dobashi, Jikei University School of Medicine; Yoshihiro Hatta, Nihon University School of Medicine; Yukio Kobayashi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Minoru Kojima, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara; Shigehisa Tamaki, Ise Red Cross Hospital, Ise; Hiroshi Gomyo, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi; Etsuko Yamazaki, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Katsumichi Fujimaki, Fujisawa City Hospital, Fujisawa; Norio Asou, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka; Keitaro Matsuo, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka; Shigeki Ohtake, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Yasushi Miyazaki, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki; Kazunori Ohnishi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Tomoki Naoe, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine and National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohtake
authors.affiliation: Katsuji Shinagawa, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama; Masamitsu Yanada and Nobuhiko Emi, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake; Toru Sakura, Saiseikai Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi; Yasunori Ueda, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki; Masashi Sawa, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo; Junichi Miyatake, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama; Nobuaki Dobashi, Jikei University School of Medicine; Yoshihiro Hatta, Nihon University School of Medicine; Yukio Kobayashi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Minoru Kojima, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara; Shigehisa Tamaki, Ise Red Cross Hospital, Ise; Hiroshi Gomyo, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi; Etsuko Yamazaki, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Katsumichi Fujimaki, Fujisawa City Hospital, Fujisawa; Norio Asou, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka; Keitaro Matsuo, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka; Shigeki Ohtake, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Yasushi Miyazaki, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki; Kazunori Ohnishi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Tomoki Naoe, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine and National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.affiliation: Katsuji Shinagawa, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama; Masamitsu Yanada and Nobuhiko Emi, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake; Toru Sakura, Saiseikai Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi; Yasunori Ueda, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki; Masashi Sawa, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo; Junichi Miyatake, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama; Nobuaki Dobashi, Jikei University School of Medicine; Yoshihiro Hatta, Nihon University School of Medicine; Yukio Kobayashi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Minoru Kojima, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara; Shigehisa Tamaki, Ise Red Cross Hospital, Ise; Hiroshi Gomyo, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi; Etsuko Yamazaki, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Katsumichi Fujimaki, Fujisawa City Hospital, Fujisawa; Norio Asou, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka; Keitaro Matsuo, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka; Shigeki Ohtake, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Yasushi Miyazaki, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki; Kazunori Ohnishi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Tomoki Naoe, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine and National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.affiliation: Katsuji Shinagawa, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama; Masamitsu Yanada and Nobuhiko Emi, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake; Toru Sakura, Saiseikai Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi; Yasunori Ueda, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki; Masashi Sawa, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo; Junichi Miyatake, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama; Nobuaki Dobashi, Jikei University School of Medicine; Yoshihiro Hatta, Nihon University School of Medicine; Yukio Kobayashi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Minoru Kojima, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara; Shigehisa Tamaki, Ise Red Cross Hospital, Ise; Hiroshi Gomyo, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi; Etsuko Yamazaki, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Katsumichi Fujimaki, Fujisawa City Hospital, Fujisawa; Norio Asou, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka; Keitaro Matsuo, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka; Shigeki Ohtake, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Yasushi Miyazaki, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki; Kazunori Ohnishi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Tomoki Naoe, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine and National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Katsuji Shinagawa, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama; Masamitsu Yanada and Nobuhiko Emi, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake; Toru Sakura, Saiseikai Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi; Yasunori Ueda, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki; Masashi Sawa, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo; Junichi Miyatake, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama; Nobuaki Dobashi, Jikei University School of Medicine; Yoshihiro Hatta, Nihon University School of Medicine; Yukio Kobayashi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Minoru Kojima, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara; Shigehisa Tamaki, Ise Red Cross Hospital, Ise; Hiroshi Gomyo, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi; Etsuko Yamazaki, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Katsumichi Fujimaki, Fujisawa City Hospital, Fujisawa; Norio Asou, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka; Keitaro Matsuo, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka; Shigeki Ohtake, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Yasushi Miyazaki, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki; Kazunori Ohnishi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Tomoki Naoe, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine and National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Naoe
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide; D001152:Arsenicals / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010087:Oxides / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001152:Arsenicals; D010087:Oxides; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide