title: Validation of the Chinese Version of the Short TEMPS-A and its application in patients with mood disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The short version of Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego-Auto-questionnaire (TEMPS-A) is a useful instrument to measure affective temperaments. Aims of the present study are to validate the Chinese Version of the Short TEMPS-A, and to explore whether it could be useful to distinguish patients with mood disorders from healthy controls or differentiate patients with bipolar disorder (BPD) from those with major depressive disorder (MDD) in Chinese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 715 participants, including 387 patients with MDD, 143 with BPD and 185 healthy controls, was recruited. All participants completed The Chinese Version of the Short TEMPS-A. Standard psychometric tests of reliability and validation were performed. ANOVA, non-parameter test and Multiple Logistic Regression were used to test the association between TEMPS-A scores and mood disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The originally proposed five factors of the Chinese Version of the Short TEMPS-A were upheld. The Chronbach-Alpha coefficients of it varied from 0.70 to 0.89 and test-retest Spearman׳s Correlation Coefficients varied from 0.52 to 0.85. Significant differences were found across the three groups on all five TEMPS-A subscales (P<0.001). Multiple Logistic Regression showed that hyperthymic temperament distinguished patients with BPD from those with MDD (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.14-1.45, P<0.001) after controlling for age, gender and the severity of depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cross-sectional self-report design, unbalanced demographic characteristics and undifferentiated subtypes of bipolar disorders might limit the generalizability of the results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Chinese Version of the Short TEMPS-A shows good reliability and validity. It might be used as a screening tool in the general population to identify the vulnerability for developing a mood disorder and the potential risk for bipolar disorder among those who only have depressive symptoms.
authors.affiliation: First Department of General Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
authors.forename: Chengmei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Mood and Anxiety Clinic in the Mood Disorders Program, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA.
authors.forename: Keming
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
authors.forename: Zhiguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
authors.forename: Wu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
authors.forename: Zhenghui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
authors.forename: Yingyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Zezhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: International Mood Center, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Kareen K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Akiskal
authors.affiliation: International Mood Center, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Hagop S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Akiskal
authors.affiliation: First Department of General Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China. Electronic address: wangbiao1960@sohu.com.
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China. Electronic address: yirufang@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Yiru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D010556:Personality Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013694:Temperament
keywords: Affective temperament; Bipolar disorder; Chinese population; Depression; TEMPS-A; Validation