title: Effect of the antihypertensive drug enalapril on oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzymes in kidney of spontaneously hypertensive rat.
abstract: Oxidative stress has been suggested to play a role in hypertension and hypertension induced organ damage. This study examined the effect of enalapril, an antihypertensive drug, on oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzymes in kidney of spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and Nω -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) administered SHR. Male rats were divided into four groups (SHR, SHR+enalapril, SHR+L-NAME, and SHR+enalapril+L-NAME). Enalapril (30 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) was administered from week 4 to week 28 and L-NAME (25 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) was administered from week 16 to week 28 in drinking water. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured during the experimental period. At the end of experimental periods, rats were sacrificed; urine, blood, and kidneys were collected for the assessment of creatinine clearance, total protein, total antioxidant status (TAS), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), as well as histopathological examination. Enalapril treatment significantly enhanced the renal TAS level (P < 0.001) and SOD activity (P < 0.001), reduced the TBARS levels (P < 0.001), and also prevented the renal dysfunction and histopathological changes. The results indicate that, besides its hypotensive and renoprotective effects, enalapril treatment also diminishes oxidative stress in the kidneys of both the SHR and SHR+L-NAME groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chandran
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: K N S
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Sirajudeen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nik Syamimi Nik
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1599-2607
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Yusoff
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Swamy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mutum S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Samarendra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004656:Enalapril / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D004656:Enalapril; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester