title: Perioperative use of bispectral (BIS) monitor for a pressure ulcer patient with locked-in syndrome (LIS).
abstract: The bispectral (BIS) monitor uses brain electroencephalographic data to measure the depth of sedation and pharmacological response during anaesthetic procedures. In this case, the BIS monitor was used for another purpose, to demonstrate postoperatively to the nursing staff that a patient with history of locked-in syndrome (LIS), who underwent pressure ulcer debridement, had periods of wakefulness and apparent sensation, even with his eyes closed. Furthermore, as patients with LIS can feel pain, despite being unable to move, local block or general anaesthesia should be provided for sharp surgical debridement and other painful procedures. This use of the BIS has shown that as a general rule, the staff should treat the patient as though he might be awake and sensate even if he does not open his eyes or move his limbs. The goal of this study was to continuously monitor pain level and communicate these findings to the entire wound team, i.e. anaesthesiologists, surgeons and nurses.
authors.affiliation: New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Ayello
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Robins
authors.forename: Victor R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Salamanca
authors.forename: Marc J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bloom
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Linton
authors.forename: Harold
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brem
authors.forename: Daniel K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: O'Neill
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000758:Anesthesia; D056805:Consciousness Monitors; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D013527:Perioperative Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000150:complications / Q000451:nursing* / Q000601:surgery*; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000150:complications / Q000451:nursing*; D013577:Syndrome
keywords: BIS; anaesthesia; locked-in syndrome; monitor; pressure ulcer