title: Implantation of the new Nit-Occlud PDA-R device in children below 10 kilogram.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interventional closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) has become a common and safe procedure in most pediatric cath labs. Interventional treatment of PDAs still remains a challenge in those children with low body weight and a large PDA. The Nit-Occlud PDA-R® device was developed and especially designed for large PDAs. We report our most recent experience in children with a body weight lower than 10 kg.
  
  
  METHODS
  The PDA-R® device was used in seven children (age 1-10, median 6 months) with a body weight from 4.1 to 9.7 kg (median 5.9 kg): ductal length was 12 mm (median), with a large ampulla (median 9 mm) which exceeded the diameter of the aorta (median 6 mm) and large diameter (median minimal diameter 4 mm). In six cases, the Nit-Occlud PDA-R was selected with an aortic disc of 12 mm and in one case an occluder with an aortic disc of 14 mm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Occlusion of the PDA was documented by angiography and/or echocardiography in all cases. At a mean follow-up of 21.4 months, no flow obstruction to the left or right pulmonary artery or new onset coarctation of the aorta was noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Nit-Occlud PDA-R® device is suitable in children with a body weight below 10 kg when a relative large PDA is present.
authors.affiliation: Department of Congenital Heart Defects, Heart and Diabetes Centre North Rhine Westphalia, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moysich
authors.affiliation: Department of Congenital Heart Defects, Heart and Diabetes Centre North Rhine Westphalia, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Happel
authors.affiliation: Department of Congenital Heart Defects, Heart and Diabetes Centre North Rhine Westphalia, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Kai T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Laser
authors.affiliation: Department of Congenital Heart Defects, Heart and Diabetes Centre North Rhine Westphalia, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Deniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kececioglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Congenital Heart Defects, Heart and Diabetes Centre North Rhine Westphalia, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Nikolaus A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Haas
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001835:Body Weight; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D018579:Patient Selection; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055989:Septal Occluder Device; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: coil/device/transcatheter; embolization; interventional devices/innovation; pediatric intervention