title: Effects on caregiver burden of a donepezil hydrochloride dosage increase to 10 mg/day in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study, we evaluated changes in functioning and caregiver burden in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients after a dosage increase that was made based on pharmacists' evaluation of AD patients' behavior in daily life.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pharmacists used a checklist, a questionnaire, and the Repetitive Saliva Swallowing Test (RSST) to gather data on the daily life of AD patients taking donepezil 5 mg/day and their caregivers. In 27 cases, pharmacists suggested a dosage change to 10 mg/day to AD patients' physicians. Pharmacists then evaluated these patients for 16 weeks after the increase to determine changes in functional assessment staging, caregiver burden, and swallowing function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the 16-week study, 20 of the 27 patients showed at least one-stage improvement in relation to the five assessed aspects of daily life (time/place, speech, bathing, dressing, and toileting). The mean score for caregiver burden due to personal strain was significantly lower after the dosage increase than before (5.15±3.76 at baseline; from 3.89±3.42 at week 4 to 3.59±3.90 at week 16; P<0.05), as was the mean score due to role strain (2.19±2.80 at baseline; 1.56±2.64 at week 8; P<0.05). After the dosage increase, the impaired swallowing function that accompanies AD was improved in the patients with swallowing problems, as indicated by a higher mean RSST score (1.22±0.67 at baseline; from 2.78±1.72 at week 4 to 2.78±1.79 at week 16; P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The dosage increase not only decreased caregiver burden, but also appeared to improve impaired swallowing function. Medication therapy management by pharmacists of AD patients, including the use of a checklist, contributed to the correct use of donepezil and improved quality of life for caregivers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Aichi, Japan ; Koyo Pharmacy, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Ohkawa Clinic, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohkawa
authors.affiliation: Ando Clinic, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Michiyasu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.affiliation: Total Support Clinic, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogura
authors.affiliation: Funabiki Clinic, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Sumito
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Funabiki
authors.affiliation: Kume Clinic, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Akito
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kume
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Kimihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Urano
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Osada
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamura
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; behavior in daily life; caregiver burden; checklist; pharmacists; swallowing function