title: Estimated risk of radiation-induced cancer from paediatric chest CT: two-year cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The increasing absolute number of paediatric CT scans raises concern about the safety and efficacy and the effects of consecutive diagnostic ionising radiation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate a method to evaluate the lifetime attributable risk of cancer incidence/mortality due to a single low-dose helical chest CT in a two-year patient cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  A two-year cohort of 522 paediatric helical chest CT scans acquired using a dedicated low-dose protocol were analysed retrospectively. Patient-specific estimations of radiation doses were modelled using three different mathematical phantoms. Per-organ attributable cancer risk was then estimated using epidemiological models. Additional comparison was provided for naturally occurring risks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total lifetime attributable risk of cancer incidence remains low for all age and sex categories, being highest in female neonates (0.34%). Summation of all cancer sites analysed raised the relative lifetime attributable risk of organ cancer incidence up to 3.6% in female neonates and 2.1% in male neonates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using dedicated scan protocols, total lifetime attributable risk of cancer incidence and mortality for chest CT is estimated low for paediatric chest CT, being highest for female neonates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Cantonal Hospital Baden, Im Ergel 1, 5400, Baden, Switzerland, tilo.niemann@ksb.ch.
authors.forename: Tilo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Niemann
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Colas
authors.forename: Hans W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Roser
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Santangelo
authors.forename: Jean Baptiste
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Faivre
authors.forename: Jaques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Remy
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Remy-Jardin
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bremerich
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*