title: Raman spectroscopy of blood serum for Alzheimer's disease diagnostics: specificity relative to other types of dementia.
abstract: The key moment for efficiently and accurately diagnosing dementia occurs during the early stages. This is particularly true for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this proof-of-concept study, we applied near infrared (NIR) Raman microspectroscopy of blood serum together with advanced multivariate statistics for the selective identification of AD. We analyzed data from 20 AD patients, 18 patients with other neurodegenerative dementias (OD) and 10 healthy control (HC) subjects. NIR Raman microspectroscopy differentiated patients with more than 95% sensitivity and specificity. We demonstrated the high discriminative power of artificial neural network (ANN) classification models, thus revealing the high potential of this developed methodology for the differential diagnosis of AD. Raman spectroscopic, blood-based tests may aid clinical assessments for the effective and accurate differential diagnosis of AD, decrease the labor, time and cost of diagnosis, and be useful for screening patient populations for AD development and progression. Multivariate data analysis of blood serum Raman spectra allows for the differentiation between patients with Alzheimer's disease, other types of dementia and healthy individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ryzhikova
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
authors.forename: Oleksandr
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kazakov
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
authors.forename: Lenka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Halamkova
authors.affiliation: Alzheimer's Center and Movement Disorders Program, Department of Neurology of Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Dzintra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Celmins
authors.affiliation: Alzheimer's Center and Movement Disorders Program, Department of Neurology of Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Malone
authors.affiliation: Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center of Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Molho
authors.affiliation: Alzheimer's Center and Movement Disorders Program, Department of Neurology of Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Earl A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA. ilednev@albany.edu.
authors.forename: Igor K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Lednev
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Raman spectroscopy; artificial neural networks; blood serum; differential diagnosis