title: A feasible method to eliminate nanoleakage in dentin hybrid layers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether high-pressure air blowing during adhesive application affects the infiltration of resin comonomers and nanoleakage manifestation in the resin/dentin interface under simulated pulpal pressure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty mid-coronal dentin surfaces were bonded with an etch-and-rinse adhesive (Adper Single Bond 2) under simulated pulpal pressure. In the control group, the adhesive was thinned by ordinary air blowing with a pressure of 0.2 MPa, while in the experimental group, a high-pressure air blowing technique (pressure: 0.4 MPa) was used. All other procedures followed the manufacturer's instructions. Resin tag formation and nanoleakage in the bonding interface were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  When adhesive was thinned with high pressure air blowing, longer and more homogeneous resin tags were formed. The bonding interface demonstrated good overall morphology and integrity. Almost perfect infiltration of resin and no obvious nanoleakage were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thinning of adhesive with high-pressure air blowing provides a clinically feasible adjunctive procedure for better resin infiltration.
authors.forename: Ji-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Li-Na
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Franklin R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Tay
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000388:Air; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000502:physiology; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D016622:Silver Staining; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C554641:Adper single bond 2; D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; D003764:Dental Materials; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; C444701:Filtek Z250; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D014867:Water; C030242:phosphoric acid