title: Comparison of Propofol, Etomidate, and Thiopental in Anesthesia for Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Randomized, Double-blind Clinical Trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to compare the effects of propofol, thiopental, and etomidate, which are routinely used in anesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), on the cardiovascular system, seizure variables, recovery, cognitive functions, and response to treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male patients hospitalized at the Seventh Psychiatry Clinics of the Bakırköy Teaching Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology, and Neurosurgery who were treated with ECT were investigated prospectively. The effects on cardiovascular system parameters (heart rate, blood pressure, and blood oxygenation), seizure variables (duration and intensity of seizure), and recovery variables were recorded at every session, on prespecified time points, and the findings of the first session were used in this evaluation. In addition, clinical responses to treatment were evaluated with tests of cognitive functions before and after a course of ECT. Adverse effects were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sociodemographic characteristics of the 3 treatment groups were similar. There were no significant differences among the groups in terms of effects on cardiovascular system variables, seizure variables, and cognitive functions. The clinical response to ECT was good in all groups, without any significant differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Propofol, etomidate, and thiopental are associated with similar safety and efficacy profiles.
authors.affiliation: From the *ECT Center, and †Bakırköy Teaching Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Istanbul; ‡Faruk Sukan Hospital, Konya and §Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozge
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Canbek
authors.forename: Derya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ipekcıoglu
authors.forename: Okan Oktay
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Menges
authors.forename: Murat Ilhan
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Atagun
authors.forename: Nesrin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Karamustafalıoglu
authors.forename: Ozlem Zekiye
authors.initials: OZ
authors.lastname: Cetinkaya
authors.forename: Mehmet Cem
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ilnem
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000379:methods*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005045:Etomidate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D012640:Seizures / Q000503:physiopathology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013874:Thiopental / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D013874:Thiopental; D015742:Propofol; D005045:Etomidate