title: State of the art: Transforaminal approach for percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy under local anesthesia.
abstract: Minimally invasive percutaneous endoscopic discectomy (PED) with a transforaminal approach under local anesthesia was started in the late 20th century. As the procedure requires a skin incision of only 8 mm, it is the least invasive disc surgery procedure at present, and owing to advances in instruments and optics, the use of this technique has gradually spread. In Japan, Dr. Dezawa from Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital introduced this technique in 2003. Thanks to his efforts, the number of surgeons who can perform PED has increased, although the number of active PED surgeons is still only around 20. The first author (K.S.) started PED in 2010. In this review article, we explain the state-of-the-art PED transforaminal technique for minimally invasive disc surgery and present three successful cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, the University of Tokushima.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sairyo
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Egawa
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: Mitsuhiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Kosaku
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Higashino
authors.forename: Toshinori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suzue
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takata
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishisho
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goda
authors.forename: Ryosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Takahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsutsui
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tonogai
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Fumitake
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tezuka
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mineta
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dezawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D017587:Diskectomy, Percutaneous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures