title: Errors affect hypothetical intertemporal food choice in women.
abstract: Growing evidence suggests that the ability to control behavior is enhanced in contexts in which errors are more frequent. Here we investigated whether pairing desirable food with errors could decrease impulsive choice during hypothetical temporal decisions about food. To this end, healthy women performed a Stop-signal task in which one food cue predicted high-error rate, and another food cue predicted low-error rate. Afterwards, we measured participants' intertemporal preferences during decisions between smaller-immediate and larger-delayed amounts of food. We expected reduced sensitivity to smaller-immediate amounts of food associated with high-error rate. Moreover, taking into account that deprivational states affect sensitivity for food, we controlled for participants' hunger. Results showed that pairing food with high-error likelihood decreased temporal discounting. This effect was modulated by hunger, indicating that, the lower the hunger level, the more participants showed reduced impulsive preference for the food previously associated with a high number of errors as compared with the other food. These findings reveal that errors, which are motivationally salient events that recruit cognitive control and drive avoidance learning against error-prone behavior, are effective in reducing impulsive choice for edible outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Polo Scientifico-Didattico di Cesena, Cesena, Italy.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sellitto
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Polo Scientifico-Didattico di Cesena, Cesena, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: di Pellegrino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences; D006801:Humans