title: Menstrual cycle alterations during adolescence: early expression of metabolic syndrome and polycystic ovary syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the importance of the menstrual pattern as a marker for clinical and laboratory alterations related to metabolic syndrome (MS) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) among Brazilian adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endocrine Gynecology Outpatient Clinic of the Adolescent Health Studies Center (NESA) at the Pedro Ernesto University Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  59 girls (12-19 years old) were classified by their menstrual cycles as regular (n = 23) and irregular (n = 36).
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biochemical collections were made of peripheral blood after fasting for 12 hours, and the oral glucose tolerance test with 75 g of anhydrous glucose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PCOS, MS, and the criteria for MS were significantly more frequent (P < .05) in the subgroup with irregular menstruation. Adolescents with irregular cycles presented a significant increase in waist circumference, glycemia 2 hours after oral glucose overload (2 h), fasting and 2-h insulin, HOMA-IR, and triglycerides. In contrast, the glucose/insulin ratio, quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index, and HDL serum levels were significantly lower among patients with irregular menstruation, compared to those with regular cycles. In the logistic regression, we noted that insulin 2 h ≥ 75 μIU/mL (r = 1.90; P = .018), waist circumference > 95 cm (r = 2.21; P = .006) and diagnosis of PCOS (r = 1.93; P = .023) were significantly correlated to irregular cycles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that close observation of menstrual cycle patterns is an important tool for identifying adolescents at higher risk of developing PCOS and MS.
authors.affiliation: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
authors.forename: Isabel Cristina da Silva
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Bouzas
authors.affiliation: Universidade Catolica "Nuestra Señora de la Asunción," Asunción, Paraguay. Electronic address: samariacader@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Samária Ali
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Cader
authors.affiliation: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
authors.forename: Lenora
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leão
authors.affiliation: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
authors.forename: Maria Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kuschnir
authors.affiliation: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Braga
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001938:Brazil; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008597:Menstrual Cycle; D008599:Menstruation Disturbances / Q000097:blood*; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Adolescents; Insulin resistance; Menstrual cycle; Metabolic syndrome; Polycystic ovary syndrome