title: Engineered decellularized matrices to instruct bone regeneration processes.
abstract: Despite the significant progress in the field of bone tissue engineering, cell-based products have not yet reached the stage of clinical adoption. This is due to the uncertain advantages from the standard-of-care, combined with challenging cost-and regulatory-related issues. Novel therapeutic approaches could be based on exploitation of the intrinsic regenerative capacity of bone tissue, provided the development of a deeper understanding of its healing mechanisms. While it is well-established that endogenous progenitors can be activated toward bone formation by overdoses of single morphogens, the challenge to stimulate the healing processes by coordinated and controlled stimulation of specific cell populations remains open. Here, we review the recent approaches to generate osteoinductive materials based on the use of decellularized extracellular matrices (ECM) as reservoirs of multiple factors presented at physiological doses and through the appropriate ligands. We then propose the generation of customized engineered and decellularized ECM (i) as a tool to better understand the processes of bone regeneration and (ii) as safe and effective "off-the-shelf" bone grafts for clinical use. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Stem Cells and Bone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Cellec Biotek AG, Vogesenstrasse 135, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papadimitropoulos
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via R. Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Celeste
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scotti
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bourgine
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scherberich
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: Ivan.Martin@usb.ch.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D012015:Reference Standards; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D014945:Wound Healing
keywords: Bone healing; Customized engineered ECM; Decellularized ECM; Endogenous bone repair; Osteoinductive material