title: Tooth staining potential of experimental amine fluoride/stannous fluoride mouth rinse formulations-a randomized crossover forced staining study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It was the aim to investigate experimental mouth rinses concerning their tooth and tongue staining potential using the standardized short-term forced staining model.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single centre, clinically controlled, randomized, investigator-blinded study was conducted in a crossover design. In healthy dental students, three experimental AmF/SnF2 (A, B, C) mouth rinses and a phenolic/essential oil rinse (D) were compared to a water control (E). Four treatment days consisted of eight hourly rinses with mouth rinse and black tea. Mechanical oral hygiene was ceased. At the fifth day, tooth and tongue staining indices were recorded. Between treatment periods, a 10-day washout phase was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight participants entered and completed the study. All mouth rinses including the water control led to tooth and tongue staining. Most tooth staining occurred after rinsing with test rinse A, followed by B, D, C and E. Statistically significant differences existed between products A and C, D, and E. Most tongue staining happened in group B, followed by A, D, C and E (not statistically significant).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of the model, mouth rinse C has a promising potential of causing less tooth discoloration than other AmF/SnF2 rinses. C is highly recommended to be investigated in further long-term clinical studies on its in vivo staining potential and antiplaque efficacy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This forced staining study has proven that one of the experimental AmF/SnF2 rinses leads to less staining than the other experimental AmF/SnF2 rinses. These experimental results have to be confirmed by further clinical investigations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Technische Universität Dresden, UniversitätsZahnMedizin, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany, katrin.lorenz@tu-dresden.de.
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lorenz
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Noack
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013662:Tea; D014002:Tin Fluorides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014059:Tongue / Q000187:drug effects; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D009067:Mouthwashes; D013662:Tea; D014002:Tin Fluorides; C094808:amine fluoride solution