title: Feeding activity and xenobiotics modulate oxidative status in Daphnia magna: implications for ecotoxicological testing.
abstract: To apply biomarkers of oxidative stress in laboratory and field settings, an understanding of their responses to changes in physiological rates is important. The evidence is accumulating that caloric intake can increase production of reactive oxygen species and thus affect background variability of oxidative stress biomarkers in ecotoxicological testing. This study aimed to delineate effects of food intake and xenobiotics on oxidative biomarkers in Daphnia magna. Antioxidant capacity measured as oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and lipid peroxidation assayed as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured. Food intake was manipulated by varying food densities or by exposing the animals to chemicals inhibiting feeding rate (pharmaceutical haloperidol and pesticide lindane). Feeding rate proved to affect both protein, ORAC, and TBARS in unexposed daphnids. However, there was no significant effect of feeding rate on the protein-specific ORAC values. Both substances affected individual protein and ORAC levels and changed their relationship to feeding rate. Our results show that inhibition of feeding rate influenced the interpretation of biomarker response and further emphasize the importance of understanding (1) baseline variability in potential biomarkers due to variations in metabolic state and (2) the contribution of feeding rate on toxic response of biomarkers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University , Svante Arrhenius väg 8, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Furuhagen
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liewenborg
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Breitholtz
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gorokhova
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D054750:Ecotoxicology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D016014:Linear Models; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000494:pharmacology; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D015262:Xenobiotics