title: Arabidopsis DE-ETIOLATED1 represses photomorphogenesis by positively regulating phytochrome-interacting factors in the dark.
abstract: Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings undergo photomorphogenic development even in darkness when the function of DE-ETIOLATED1 (DET1), a repressor of photomorphogenesis, is disrupted. However, the mechanism by which DET1 represses photomorphogenesis remains unclear. Our results indicate that DET1 directly interacts with a group of transcription factors known as the phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs). Furthermore, our results suggest that DET1 positively regulates PIF protein levels primarily by stabilizing PIF proteins in the dark. Genetic analysis showed that each pif single mutant could enhance the det1-1 phenotype, and ectopic expression of each PIF in det1-1 partially suppressed the det1-1 phenotype, based on hypocotyl elongation and cotyledon opening angles observed in darkness. Genomic analysis also revealed that DET1 may modulate the expression of light-regulated genes to mediate photomorphogenesis partially through PIFs. The observed interaction and regulation between DET1 and PIFs not only reveal how DET1 represses photomorphogenesis, but also suggest a possible mechanism by which two groups of photomorphogenic repressors, CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS/DET/FUSCA and PIFs, work in concert to repress photomorphogenesis in darkness.
authors.affiliation: Peking-Yale Joint Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and Agro-biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Peking-Yale Joint Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and Agro-biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Dafang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Peking-Yale Joint Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and Agro-biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Zhaoxu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Peking-Yale Joint Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and Agro-biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Renbo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Peking-Yale Joint Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and Agro-biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Kunlun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Peking-Yale Joint Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and Agro-biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 18766.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Terzaghi
authors.affiliation: Peking-Yale Joint Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and Agro-biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8104.
authors.forename: Xing Wang
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Peking-Yale Joint Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and Agro-biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China chenhaodong@pku.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Haodong
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7228-6341
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D003624:Darkness; D064527:Etiolation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D017343:Genes, Plant; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008027:Light; D008954:Models, Biological; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C088435:DET1 protein, Arabidopsis; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors