title: The evolution of neurocritical care.
abstract: Although neurocritical care as a subspecialty is a relatively young field of medicine, its origins can be traced back to ancient times. This article focuses on the progression of neurocritical care from prehistoric trepanation procedures, through the development of mechanical ventilation, management of increased intracranial pressure, and traumatic brain injury, to the establishment of the first "real" intensive care units, and finally to modern monitoring in neurocritical care, management of post-cardiac arrest patients, and the diagnosis of brain death. This article also focuses on the future direction of neurocritical care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 600 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. Electronic address: georgiakorbakis@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Korbakis
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 600 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, 600 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Rush University Medical Center, 600 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 600 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bleck
mesh_terms: D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000628:therapy*; D003422:Critical Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000458:organization & administration*; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D009462:Neurology / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012955:Societies, Medical / Q000458:organization & administration*; D014481:United States
keywords: Critical care; Head trauma; Intracranial pressure; Neurocritical care; Neurology