title: Comparative pharmacokinetic study of mangiferin after oral administration of pure mangiferin and US patented polyherbal formulation to rats.
abstract: The US patented polyherbal formulation for the prevention and management of type II diabetes and its vascular complications was used for the present study. The xanthone glycoside mangiferin is one of the major effector constituents in the Salacia species with potential anti-diabetic activity. The pharmacokinetic differences of mangiferin following oral administration of pure mangiferin and polyherbal formulation containing Salacia species were studied with approximately the same dose 30 mg/kg mangiferin and its distribution among the major tissue in Wistar rats. Plasma samples were collected at different time points (15, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, 360, 480, 600, 1,440, 2,160, and 2880 min) and subsequently analyzed using a validated simple and rapid LC-MS method. Plasma concentration versus time profiles were explored by non-compartmental analysis. Mangiferin plasma exposure was significantly increased when administered from formulation compared to the standard mangiferin. Mangiferin resided significantly longer in the body (last mean residence time (MRTlast)) when given in the form of the formulation (3.65 h). Cmax values of formulation (44.16 μg/mL) administration were elevated when compared to equivalent dose of the pure mangiferin (15.23 μg/mL). Tissue distribution study of mangiferin from polyherbal formulation was also studied. In conclusion, the exposure of mangiferin is enhanced after formulation and administration and could result in superior efficacy of polyherbal formulation when compared to an equivalent dose of mangiferin. The results indicate that the reason which delays the elimination of mangiferin and enhances its bioavailability might the interactions of the some other constituents present in the polyherbal formulation. Distribution study results indicate that mangiferin was extensively bound to the various tissues like the small intestine, heart, kidney, spleen, and liver except brain tissue.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary School of Indian System of Medicine (ISISM), SRM University, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram (Dt), Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
authors.forename: Ananth Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Kammalla
authors.forename: Mohan Kumar
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ramasamy
authors.forename: Jyothi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Inampudi
authors.forename: Govind Prasad
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Dubey
authors.forename: Aruna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.forename: Ilango
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kaliappan
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D049918:Salacia / Q000737:chemistry; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014481:United States; D044004:Xanthones / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs; D010936:Plant Extracts; D044004:Xanthones; C013592:mangiferin; C009689:xanthone