title: A high multivitamin diet fed to Wistar rat dams during pregnancy increases maternal weight gain later in life and alters homeostatic, hedonic and peripheral regulatory systems of energy balance.
abstract: High multivitamin (10-fold, HV) and high folic acid (Fol) diets fed to pregnant Wistar rats increase body weight and characteristics of the metabolic syndrome in their offspring. Our objective was to determine the effects of a HV maternal diet on dams and whether methyl vitamins contribute to these effects. Pregnant Wistar rats were fed AIN-93G diets containing either (1) recommended multivitamins (RV, control), (2) HV, (3) HV with recommended Fol (HVRF; 1-fold Fol), or (4) RV with high methyl group vitamins (HMethyl; 10-fold Fol, vitamin B12 and B6). All groups were fed a RV diet during lactation until weaning and a RV high fat (HF; 60% fat) diet for 16 weeks post-weaning. The HV, HVRF and HMethyl diet fed dams gained 45% more weight from 2 to 15 weeks post-weaning and their weight gain (WG) was positively associated with cumulative post-weaning food intake (FI). However, only HV dams had a reduced preference for a sucrose solution, lower mesolimbic dopamine (DA) turnover in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), and higher expression of several genes involved in FI regulation in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC). Energy conserving peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (Ppar)-γ in adipose and -α in liver was also greater in these dams consistent with their WG. In conclusion, HV, HVRF and HMethyl maternal diets exacerbate maternal WG when dams are exposed to a HF diet post-weaning. However, the diets differed in their effects on central and peripheral regulatory systems of energy balance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pannia
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Clara E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Ruslan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kubant
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Hernández
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Pedro S P
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Huot
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Diptendu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chatterjee
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: harvey.anderson@utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: G Harvey
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D015102:3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000187:drug effects; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000187:drug effects*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects*; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine; D014815:Vitamins; D015102:3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; D004298:Dopamine
keywords: Folic acid; Food intake; Postpartum; Pregnancy; Vitamins; Weight gain