title: Sea-level variability over five glacial cycles.
abstract: Research on global ice-volume changes during Pleistocene glacial cycles is hindered by a lack of detailed sea-level records for time intervals older than the last interglacial. Here we present the first robustly dated, continuous and highly resolved records of Red Sea sea level and rates of sea-level change over the last 500,000 years, based on tight synchronization to an Asian monsoon record. We observe maximum 'natural' (pre-anthropogenic forcing) sea-level rise rates below 2 m per century following periods with up to twice present-day ice volumes, and substantially higher rise rates for greater ice volumes. We also find that maximum sea-level rise rates were attained within 2 kyr of the onset of deglaciations, for 85% of such events. Finally, multivariate regressions of orbital parameters, sea-level and monsoon records suggest that major meltwater pulses account for millennial-scale variability and insolation-lagged responses in Asian monsoon records.
authors.affiliation: Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.affiliation: 1] Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia [2] School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Rohling
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Dyson Perrins Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK.
authors.forename: C Bronk
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Ramsey
authors.affiliation: 1] Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China [2] Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.affiliation: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Florindo
authors.affiliation: Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Heslop
authors.affiliation: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marra
authors.affiliation: Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.affiliation: National Oceanography Centre, Liverpool L3 5DA, UK.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Tamisiea
authors.affiliation: School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Williams