title: An Orientation Map for Motion Boundaries in Macaque V2.
abstract: The ability to extract the shape of moving objects is fundamental to visual perception. However, where such computations are processed in the visual system is unknown. To address this question, we used intrinsic signal optical imaging in awake monkeys to examine cortical response to perceptual contours defined by motion contrast (motion boundaries, MBs). We found that MB stimuli elicit a robust orientation response in area V2. Orientation maps derived from subtraction of orthogonal MB stimuli aligned well with the orientation maps obtained with luminance gratings (LGs). In contrast, area V1 responded well to LGs, but exhibited a much weaker orientation response to MBs. We further show that V2 direction domains respond to motion contrast, which is required in the detection of MB in V2. These results suggest that V2 represents MB information, an important prerequisite for shape recognition and figure-ground segregation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Peichao
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Shude
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Haoran
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Jiaming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
authors.forename: Anna W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Roe
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.|State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
authors.forename: Haidong D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D009039:Motion Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology
keywords: awake monkey; motion boundary; motion contrast; optical imaging; orientation selectivity