title: A repeated measures experiment of school playing environment to increase physical activity and enhance self-esteem in UK school children.
abstract: School playtime provides daily opportunities for children to be active outdoors, but only makes small contributions to physical activity (PA) requirements. Natural environments facilitate unstructured PA and children report a preference for play in nature. Thus, play on the school field might encourage children to be more active during playtime. The primary aim of this study was to examine the impact of the school playing environment on children's PA. Descriptive data and fitness were assessed in 25 children aged 8-9 years from a single primary school. Over two consecutive weeks participants were allocated to either play on the school field or playground during playtime. The order of play in the two areas was randomised and counterbalanced. Moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was assessed during playtime on the last two days of each week using accelerometers. There was a significant interaction of environment and sex on MVPA during morning play (F(1,22) = 6.27; P<0.05; np2 = 0.222), but not during lunch (P>0.05; np2 = 0.060) or all of playtime combined (P>0.05; np2 = 0.140). During morning play boys were significantly more active than girls on the playground (t(23) = 1.32; P<0.01; n2 = 0.291), but not on the field (P>0.05; n2 = 0.071). For lunch (F(1,22) = 24,11; P<0.001; np2 = 0.523) and all of playtime combined (F(1,22) = 33.67; P<0.001; np2 = 0.616) there was a significant effect of environment. There was also a significant main effect of sex during lunch (F(1,22) = 11.56; P<0.01; np2 = 0.344) and all of playtime combined (F(1,22) = 12.37; P<0.01; np2 = 0.371). MVPA was higher on the field and boys were more active than girls. Play on the field leads to increases in MVPA, particularly in girls. The promising trend for the effect of the natural environment on MVPA indicates that interventions aimed at increasing MVPA should use the natural environment and that schools should encourage greater use of their natural areas to increase PA.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Carly
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gladwell
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barton
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D010809:Physical Fitness; D010988:Play and Playthings; D012574:Schools; D012649:Self Concept; D013997:Time Factors; D006113:United Kingdom