title: Microbial ketonization of ginsenosides F1 and C-K by Lactobacillus brevis.
abstract: Ginsenosides are the major pharmacological components in ginseng. We isolated lactic acid bacteria from Kimchi to identify microbial modifications of ginsenosides. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain DCY65-1 belongs to the genus Lactobacillus and is most closely related to Lactobacillus brevis. On the basis of TLC and HPLC analysis, we found two metabolic pathways: F1 → 6α,12β-dihydroxydammar-3-one-20(S)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and C-K → 12β-hydroxydammar-3-one-20(S)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. These results suggest that strain DCY65-1 is capable of potent ketonic decarboxylation, ketonizing the hydroxyl group at C-3. The F1 metabolite had a more potent inhibitory effect on mushroom tyrosinase than did the substrate. Therefore, the F1 and C-K derivatives may be more pharmacologically active compounds, which should be further characterized.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Seocheon-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Sun Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Yeon-Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dae-Young
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jin-Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Deok-Chun
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D001711:Biotransformation; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005516:Food Microbiology; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000378:metabolism*; D052196:Levilactobacillus brevis / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015394:Molecular Structure; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D036145:Ginsenosides; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S