title: The effects of the CORE programme on pain at rest, movement-induced and secondary pain, active range of motion, and proprioception in female office workers with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of the CORE programme on pain at rest, movement-induced pain, secondary pain, active range of motion, and proprioception deficits in female office workers with chronic low back pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rehabilitation clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 53 participants with chronic low back pain were randomized into the CORE group and the control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  CORE group participants underwent the 30-minute CORE programme, five times per week, for eight weeks, with additional use of hot-packs and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, while the control group used only hot-packs and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were evaluated pretest, posttest, and two months after the intervention period to measure resting and movement-induced pain, pressure pain as secondary pain, active range of pain-free motion, and trunk proprioception.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pain intensity at rest (35.6 ±5.9 mm) and during movement (39.4 ±9.1 mm) was significantly decreased in the CORE group following intervention compared with the control group. There were significant improvements in pressure pain thresholds (quadratus lumborum: 2.2 ±0.7 kg/cm(2); sacroiliac joint: 2.0 ±0.7 kg/cm(2)), active range of motion (flexion: 30.8 ±14.3°; extension: 6.6 ±2.5°), and proprioception (20° flexion: 4.3 ±2.4°; 10° extension: 3.1 ±2.0°) in the CORE group following intervention (all p < 0.05). These improvements were maintained at the two-month follow-up. The control group did not show significant improvements in any measured parameter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CORE programme is an effective intervention for reducing pain at rest and movement-induced pain, and for improving the active range of motion and trunk proprioception in female office workers with chronic low back pain.
authors.affiliation: The Post-Professional DPT Program, The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey, Galloway, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Tae Hoon
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Hye
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea hwiyoung@gachon.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hwi-young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011434:Proprioception / Q000502:physiology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D014931:Women, Working
keywords: CORE programme; Movement-induced pain; active range of motion; chronic low back pain; proprioception