title: Measurement of radiation exposure in relatives of thyroid cancer patients treated with (131)I.
abstract: This work evaluates the radiological risk that patients treated with I for differentiated thyroid cancer could present to relatives and occupationally exposed workers. Recently, the International Atomic Energy Agency issued document K9010241, which recommends that patient discharge from the hospital must be based on the particular status of each patient. This work measures effective dose received by caregivers of patients treated with I at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City. Thermoluminescent dosimeters were carried during a 15-d period by 40 family caregivers after patient release from hospital. Relatives were classified into two groups, ambulatory and hospitalized, according to the release mode of the patient, and three categories according to the individual patient home and transport facilities. Categories A, B, and C were defined going from most to least adequate concerning public exposure risk. Measurements were performed for 20 family caregivers in each group. The effective dose received by all caregivers participating in this study was found to be less than 5 mSv, the recommended limit per event for caregivers suggested by ICRP 103. In addition, 70 and 90% of ambulatory and hospitalized groups, respectively, received doses lower than 1 mSv. Caregivers belonging to category C, with home situations that are not appropriate for immediate release, received the highest average doses; i.e., 2.2 ± 1.3 and 3.1 ± 1.0 mSv for hospitalized and ambulatory patients, respectively. Results of this work have shown that the proper implementation of radiation protection instructions for relatives and patients can reduce significantly the risk that differentiated thyroid cancer patients treated with I can represent for surrounding individuals. The results also stress the relevance of the patient's particular lifestyle and transport conditions as the prevailing factors related to the dose received by the caregiver. Therefore, the patient's status should be the criterion used to decide his/her release modality. This work provides support to recommend the implementation of the "patient specific release criteria" in accordance with ICRP 94, IAEA Safety Report No. 63, and IAE document K9010241 A for patients treated with radiopharmaceuticals.
authors.affiliation: *Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04511 DF, Mexico; †Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, A.P.18-1027, 11801 D.F., Mexico; ‡Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer INCan-UNAM, 14080D.F., Mexico; §Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70-543, 04510 D.F., Mexico; **Departamento de Medicina Nuclear, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, 14080D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Y T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Garzón
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ávila
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gamboa-deBuen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Laguna
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Buenfil
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ruíz-Trejo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Estrada
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Brandan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017028:Caregivers; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D010351:Patient Discharge; D011835:Radiation Protection; D013819:Thermoluminescent Dosimetry / Q000379:methods*; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes