title: Filovirus RefSeq entries: evaluation and selection of filovirus type variants, type sequences, and names.
abstract: Sequence determination of complete or coding-complete genomes of viruses is becoming common practice for supporting the work of epidemiologists, ecologists, virologists, and taxonomists. Sequencing duration and costs are rapidly decreasing, sequencing hardware is under modification for use by non-experts, and software is constantly being improved to simplify sequence data management and analysis. Thus, analysis of virus disease outbreaks on the molecular level is now feasible, including characterization of the evolution of individual virus populations in single patients over time. The increasing accumulation of sequencing data creates a management problem for the curators of commonly used sequence databases and an entry retrieval problem for end users. Therefore, utilizing the data to their fullest potential will require setting nomenclature and annotation standards for virus isolates and associated genomic sequences. The National Center for Biotechnology Information's (NCBI's) RefSeq is a non-redundant, curated database for reference (or type) nucleotide sequence records that supplies source data to numerous other databases. Building on recently proposed templates for filovirus variant naming [<virus name> (<strain>)/<isolation host-suffix>/<country of sampling>/<year of sampling>/<genetic variant designation>-<isolate designation>], we report consensus decisions from a majority of past and currently active filovirus experts on the eight filovirus type variants and isolates to be represented in RefSeq, their final designations, and their associated sequences.
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. kuhnjens@mail.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Jens H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.affiliation: FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. kandersen@oeb.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Kristian G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.affiliation: Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA. bao@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Yīmíng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bào
authors.affiliation: United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. sina.bavari.civ@mail.mil.
authors.forename: Sina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bavari
authors.affiliation: Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany. becker@staff.uni-marburg.de.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.affiliation: National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. richard.bennett@nbacc.dhs.gov.
authors.forename: Richard S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.affiliation: National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. nicholas.bergman@nbacc.dhs.gov.
authors.forename: Nicholas H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Bergman
authors.affiliation: Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA. olga.blinkova@nih.gov.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Blinkova
authors.affiliation: University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. steven_bradfute@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bradfute
authors.affiliation: Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA. jamesbr@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
authors.forename: J Rodney
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Brister
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA. alexander.bukreyev@utmb.edu.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bukreyev
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. kartik.chandran@einstein.yu.edu.
authors.forename: Kartik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chandran
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. alexa.che.purnov@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alexander A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Chepurnov
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. rdavey@txbiomed.org.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Davey
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. r.dietzgen@uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Ralf G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Dietzgen
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. doggett@lanl.gov.
authors.forename: Norman A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Doggett
authors.affiliation: Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany. Dolnik@staff.uni-marburg.de.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dolnik
authors.affiliation: United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. john.m.dye1.civ@mail.mil.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dye
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. sven.enterlein@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Enterlein
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. paulf@lanl.gov.
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Fenimore
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. formentyp@who.int.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Formenty
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA. anfreibe@utmb.edu.
authors.forename: Alexander N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Freiberg
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. steven_bradfute@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Garry
authors.affiliation: United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. Nicole.l.lackemeyer.ctr@mail.mil.
authors.forename: Nicole L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Garza
authors.affiliation: FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. sgire@oeb.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Stephen K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gire
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. : jpgonzalez@metabiota.com.
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. agriffiths@txbiomed.org.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. chappi@hsph.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Christian T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Happi
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. lisa.hensley@nih.gov.
authors.forename: Lisa E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Hensley
authors.affiliation: United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. anderw.s.herbert.ctr@mail.mil.
authors.forename: Andrew S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Herbert
authors.affiliation: National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. michael.hevey@nbacc.dhs.gov.
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hevey
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. kartik.chandran@einstein.yu.edu.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hoenen
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. anna.honko@nih.gov.
authors.forename: Anna N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Honko
authors.affiliation: FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. g.m.ignatyev@microgen.ru.
authors.forename: Georgy M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Ignatyev
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. jahrlingp@niaid.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Jahrling
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. joshua.johnson@nih.gov.
authors.forename: Joshua C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. microcaddis@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Karl M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. kindrachuk.kenneth@nih.gov.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kindrachuk
authors.affiliation: Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany. klenk@mailer.uni-marburg.de.
authors.forename: Hans-Dieter
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Klenk
authors.affiliation: FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. gary.kobinger@phac-aspc.gc.ca.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kobinger
authors.affiliation: National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. tadeusz.kochel@nbacc.dhs.gov.
authors.forename: Tadeusz J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kochel
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. matthew.lackemeyer@nih.gov.
authors.forename: Matthew G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lackemeyer
authors.affiliation: National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.  daniel.lackner@nbacc.dhs.gov
authors.forename: Daniel F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Lackner
authors.affiliation: FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. eric.leroy@ird.fr.
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Leroy
authors.affiliation: FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. mslever@mail.dstl.gov.uk.
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lever
authors.affiliation: FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. muehlber@bu.edu.
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mühlberger
authors.affiliation: FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. nauka@nsu.ru.
authors.forename: Sergey V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Netesov
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. gene.olinger@nih.gov.
authors.forename: Gene G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Olinger
authors.affiliation: FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. steven_bradfute@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Sunday A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Omilabu
authors.affiliation: United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. gustavo.f.palacios.ctr@us.army.mil.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Palacios
authors.affiliation: United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. rekha.g.panchal.civ@mail.mil.
authors.forename: Rekha G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Panchal
authors.affiliation: FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. dpark@broadinstitute.org.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. jpatters@txbiomed.org.
authors.forename: Jean L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.affiliation: FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. kartik.chandran@einstein.yu.edu.
authors.forename: Janusz T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Paweska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA. cjpeters@UTMB.EDU.
authors.forename: Clarence J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. james.pettitt@nih.gov.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pettitt
authors.affiliation: United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. louise.pitt@us.army.mil.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pitt
authors.affiliation: United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. sheli.r.radoshitzky.ctr@mail.mil.
authors.forename: Sheli R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Radoshitzky
authors.affiliation: Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA. lenryab@yandex.com.
authors.forename: Elena I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Ryabchikova
authors.affiliation: Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA. erica@scripps.edu.
authors.forename: Erica Ollmann
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Saphire
authors.affiliation: FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. pardis@broadinstitute.org.
authors.forename: Pardis C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Sabeti
authors.affiliation: Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA. sealfon@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sealfon
authors.affiliation: Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk Region, Russia, 630090.  shestopalov2@mail.ru
authors.forename: Aleksandr M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Shestopalov
authors.affiliation: FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. SJSMITHER@mail.dstl.gov.uk.
authors.forename: Sophie J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Smither
authors.affiliation: Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA. njsull@mail.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Nancy J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.affiliation: Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA. bobswanepoel@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Swanepoel
authors.affiliation: Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA. atakada@czc.hokudai.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Ayato
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.affiliation: Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA. jit8@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Jonathan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Towner
authors.affiliation: Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA. steven_bradfute@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van der Groen
authors.affiliation: Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA. viktor.volchkov@inserm.fr.
authors.forename: Viktor E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Volchkov
authors.affiliation: Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA. valentina.volchkova@inserm.fr.
authors.forename: Valentina A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Volchkova
authors.affiliation: National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. victoria.jensen@nbacc.dhs.gov.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wahl-Jensen
authors.affiliation: United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. travis.k.warren.ctr@mail.mil.
authors.forename: Travis K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.affiliation: Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA. kartik.chandran@einstein.yu.edu.
authors.forename: Kelly L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Warfield
authors.affiliation: United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. m.w.weidmann@stir.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weidmann
authors.affiliation: IViral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. stn1@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Stuart T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Nichol
mesh_terms: D030561:Databases, Nucleic Acid; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D016563:Filoviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D012641:Selection, Genetic