title: Application of chitosan and its derivatives as adsorbents for dye removal from water and wastewater: a review.
abstract: Chitosan based adsorbents have received a lot of attention for adsorption of dyes. Various modifications of this polysaccharide have been investigated to improve the adsorption properties as well as mechanical and physical characteristics of chitosan. This review paper discusses major research topics related to chitosan and its derivatives for application in the removal of dyes from water. Modification of chitosan changes the original properties of this material so that it can be more suitable for adsorption of different types of dye. Many chitosan derivatives have been obtained through chemical and physical modifications of raw chitosan that include cross-linking, grafting and impregnation of the chitosan backbone. Better understanding of these varieties and their affinity toward different types of dye can help future research to be properly oriented to address knowledge gaps in this area. This review provides better opportunity for researchers to better explore the potential of chitosan-derived adsorbents for removal of a great variety of dyes.
authors.affiliation: School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohammadtaghi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vakili
authors.affiliation: School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia. Electronic address: mrafatullah@usm.my.
authors.forename: Mohd
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rafatullah
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: babak.salamatinia@monash.edu.
authors.forename: Babak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Salamatinia
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ahmad Zuhairi
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.affiliation: School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mahamad Hakimi
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Kok Bing
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gholami
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Parisa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amouzgar
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D048271:Chitosan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D062065:Wastewater; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D048271:Chitosan; D004396:Coloring Agents; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Adsorption; Chitosan; Cross-linking; Dye; Grafting; Wastewater treatment