title: Remediation of textile effluents by membrane based treatment techniques: a state of the art review.
abstract: The textile industries hold an important position in the global industrial arena because of their undeniable contributions to basic human needs satisfaction and to the world economy. These industries are however major consumers of water, dyes and other toxic chemicals. The effluents generated from each processing step comprise substantial quantities of unutilized resources. The effluents if discharged without prior treatment become potential sources of pollution due to their several deleterious effects on the environment. The treatment of heterogeneous textile effluents therefore demands the application of environmentally benign technology with appreciable quality water reclamation potential. These features can be observed in various innovative membrane based techniques. The present review paper thus elucidates the contributions of membrane technology towards textile effluent treatment and unexhausted raw materials recovery. The reuse possibilities of water recovered through membrane based techniques, such as ultrafiltration and nanofiltration in primary dye houses or auxiliary rinse vats have also been explored. Advantages and bottlenecks, such as membrane fouling associated with each of these techniques have also been highlighted. Additionally, several pragmatic models simulating transport mechanism across membranes have been documented. Finally, various accounts dealing with techno-economic evaluation of these membrane based textile wastewater treatment processes have been provided.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Jhilly
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dasgupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India. Electronic address: umuniqueme1@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jaya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sikder
authors.affiliation: Department of Informatics, Modeling, Electronics and Systems Engineering (DIMES), University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo - 42a, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy. Electronic address: zsudip.c@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sudip
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.affiliation: Department of Informatics, Modeling, Electronics and Systems Engineering (DIMES), University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo - 42a, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Curcio
authors.affiliation: WCU Department of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Drioli
mesh_terms: D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010209:Paper; D013783:Textile Industry; D014462:Ultrafiltration / Q000379:methods; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007220:Industrial Waste; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water
keywords: Effluents; Membrane; Model; Reclamation; Techno-economic evaluation; Textile