title: Defensive mechanism in cholangiocarcinoma cells against oxidative stress induced by chlorin e6-based photodynamic therapy.
abstract: In this study, the effect of chlorin e6-based photodynamic therapy (Ce6-PDT) was investigated in human intrahepatic (HuCC-T1) and extrahepatic (SNU1196) cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells. The amount of intracellular Ce6 increased with increasing Ce6 concentration administered, or with incubation time, in both cell lines. The ability to take up Ce6 and generate reactive oxygen species after irradiation at 1.0 J/cm(2) did not significantly differ between the two CCA cell types. However, after irradiation, marked differences were observed for photodamage and apoptotic/necrotic signals. HuCC-T1 cells are more sensitive to Ce6-PDT than SNU1196 cells. Total glutathione (GSH) levels, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities in SNU1196 cells were significantly higher than in HuCC-T1 cells. With inhibition of enzyme activity or addition of GSH, the phototoxic effect could be controlled in CCA cells. The intracellular level of GSH is the most important determining factor in the curative action of Ce6-PDT against tumor cells.
authors.affiliation: National Research and Development Center for Hepatobiliary Cancer, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Myeong
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chung-Wook
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: National Research and Development Center for Hepatobiliary Cancer, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Yangsan, Republic of Korea ; School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Cy Hyun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: National Research and Development Center for Hepatobiliary Cancer, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Yangsan, Republic of Korea ; School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Do Hyung
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: National Research and Development Center for Hepatobiliary Cancer, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Won
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.affiliation: National Research and Development Center for Hepatobiliary Cancer, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Il
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: National Research and Development Center for Hepatobiliary Cancer, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Yangsan, Republic of Korea ; School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dae Hwan
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002735:Chlorophyllides; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D002735:Chlorophyllides; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011166:Porphyrins; C062985:phytochlorin
keywords: chlorin e6; cholangiocarcinoma; glutathione; heme oxygenase-1; photodynamic therapy; reactive oxygen species