title: Magnetic resonance imaging of vein wall thickness in patients with Behçet's syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vascular disease is a serious complication of Behçet's syndrome (BS), occurring in up to 20% of subjects. Superficial thrombophlebitis, deep vein thrombosis, and arterial aneurysm formation are the most common manifestations. Venous thrombosis is thought to result from vessel wall inflammation. This work investigated the potential usefulness of high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify inflammation in the venous walls in BS subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven healthy control (HC) subjects and five BS subjects were scanned with 3T MRI (Siemens Skyra). A standard MRI sequence was adapted for use in the venous system. Metronome guided breathing generated a regular respiratory variation of venous blood velocity. The vein wall imaging was triggered at an appropriate delay after the metronome. The popliteal vein was imaged. Vein wall images were ranked based on wall thickness and signal enhancement by two blinded, experienced observers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Popliteal vein rank scores were found to be significantly increased in BS versus HC subjects by the first observer (p(Observer 1)=0.025, p(Observer2)=0.07) and also averaging both observers (p=0.05). The repeated images of each subject gave a degree of variability in results, potentially from drifting response to metronome guidance over the 10 minute scan.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MR imaging can detect increased vein wall thickness in BS subjects compared to healthy controls. Variable response to the metronome-guided breathing requires further development.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Sciences, NHLI, Imperial College, London, UK. n.ambrose@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ambrose
authors.forename: Iain T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Gatehouse
authors.forename: Dorian O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Haskard
authors.forename: David N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Firmin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001528:Behcet Syndrome / Q000473:pathology*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011152:Popliteal Vein / Q000473:pathology*; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult