title: Capillary electrophoresis in two-dimensional separation systems: Techniques and applications.
abstract: The analysis of complex samples requires powerful separation techniques. Here, 2D chromatographic separation techniques (e.g. LC-LC, GC-GC) are increasingly applied in many fields. Electrophoretic separation techniques show a different selectivity in comparison to LC and GC and very high separation efficiency. Thus, 2D separation systems containing at least one CE-based separation technique are an interesting alternative featuring potentially a high degree of orthogonality. However, the generally small volumes and strong electrical fields in CE require special coupling techniques. These technical developments are reviewed in this work, discussing benefits and drawbacks of offline and online systems. Emphasis is placed on the design of the systems, their coupling, and the detector used. Moreover, the employment of strategies to improve peak capacity, resolution, or sensitivity is highlighted. Various applications of 2D separations with CE are summarized.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Aalen University, Aalen, Germany.
authors.forename: Felix J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Kohl
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Hernández
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Neusüß
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003956:Dialysis; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans
keywords: Comprehensive; Coupling; Electromigrative techniques; Heart-cut; Orthogonality