title: Associations between circulating reproductive hormones and SHBG and prevalent and incident metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling older men: the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The causal relationship between metabolic syndrome and reproductive hormones is unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to examine the cross-sectional, longitudinal, and predictive associations between reproductive hormones and SHBG and metabolic syndrome in older men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Men ages 70 years and older from the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project study (n = 1705) were assessed at baseline and 2-year follow-up. At baseline, T, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estradiol, and estrone were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and SHBG, LH, and FSH by immunoassay. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the P National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In cross-sectional data, significant associations between each of T, SHBG, DHT, and calculated free testosterone (cFT) with the metabolic syndrome remained significant after multivariate adjustment. In longitudinal analyses, however, only lower SHBG was significantly associated with incident metabolic syndrome over the 2-year follow-up (P for linear trend = .04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although low serum T, DHT, SHBG, and cFT were associated cross-sectionally with metabolic syndrome among community-dwelling older men, over a 2-year follow-up period only SHBG remained significant after multivariate adjustment. This suggests that lowered circulating androgens (T and DHT) may be biomarkers rather than causally related to incident metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health (B.H., R.G.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia; Centre of Education and Research on Ageing (B.H., R.G.C., V.N., F.M.B., D.G.L.C., L.M.W.) and ANZAC Research Institute (R.G.C., D.G.L.C., M.J.S., D.J.H.), University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, Sydney 2139, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Benjumin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Cumming
authors.forename: Vasi
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Naganathan
authors.forename: Fiona M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Blyth
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Le Couteur
authors.forename: Markus J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Seibel
authors.forename: Louise M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Waite
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Handelsman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009517:New South Wales / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin