title: Literature review on monitoring technologies and their outcomes in independently living elderly people.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To obtain insight into what kind of monitoring technologies exist to monitor activity in-home, what the characteristics and aims of applying these technologies are, what kind of research has been conducted on their effects and what kind of outcomes are reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic document search was conducted within the scientific databases Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, PsycINFO and Cinahl, complemented by Google Scholar. Documents were included in this review if they reported on monitoring technologies that detect activities of daily living (ADL) or significant events, e.g. falls, of elderly people in-home, with the aim of prolonging independent living.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five main types of monitoring technologies were identified: PIR motion sensors, body-worn sensors, pressure sensors, video monitoring and sound recognition. In addition, multicomponent technologies and smart home technologies were identified. Research into the use of monitoring technologies is widespread, but in its infancy, consisting mainly of small-scale studies and including few longitudinal studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monitoring technology is a promising field, with applications to the long-term care of elderly persons. However, monitoring technologies have to be brought to the next level, with longitudinal studies that evaluate their (cost-) effectiveness to demonstrate the potential to prolong independent living of elderly persons. [Box: see text].
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Technology in Care, Zuyd University of Applied Sciences , Heerlen , the Netherlands .
authors.forename: Kirsten K B
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Peetoom
authors.forename: Monique A S
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lexis
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Joore
authors.forename: Carmen D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Dirksen
authors.forename: Luc P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: De Witte
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012656:Self-Help Devices; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000458:organization & administration
keywords: Activities of daily living; fall events; functional health status; posture recognition; prolonging independently living