title: Effects of flunixin meglumine and prostaglandin F2 α treatments on the development and quality of bovine embryos in vitro.
abstract: Assisted reproduction procedures, such as embryo transfer (ET) and artificial insemination (AI), in cattle could induce the secretion of prostaglandin F2 -alpha (PGF2 α) from uterine horns which may in turn interrupt embryo development and implantation. This study investigated the effect of flunixin meglumine (FM), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α) and FM combined with PGF2α supplementation in culture medium (IVC-II) on the development and quality of in vitro produced bovine embryos. The development rate of embryos was significantly higher in the FM group (33.3%) than in control (24.3%), PGF2 α (23.9%) and FM + PGF2 α groups (24.5%). The percentage of hatched blastocysts was also higher (p < 0.05) in the FM group (41.2%) than in the control (27.8%) and PGF2 α groups (19.8%). While, there was no significant difference in total cell number in all experimental groups, the number of apoptotic cells was significantly higher in the PGF2 α group (8.2 ± 6.6) than in the control (4.7 ± 3.2), FM (4.7 ± 2.5) and FM + PGF2 α (4.9 ± 3.4) groups. Detected by real-time PCR, secreted vesicle seminal protein 1 (SSLP1) and prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PTGS2) gene expression decreased (p < 0.05) in the PGF2 α group. However, SSLP1 and PTGS2 gene expression in the FM + PGF2 α group returned to their baseline levels, similar to the control and FM groups. Caspase 3 (CAPS3) gene expression increased in the PGF2 α group compared with other groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, addition of FM in vitro culture significantly improved embryo development as well as alleviated the negative impact of PGF2 α.
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: S-S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J-I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fakruzzaman
authors.forename: K-L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: D-H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ghanem
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: I-K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Kong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D015415:Biomarkers; D002417:Cattle / Q000196:embryology*; D003002:Clonixin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003470:Culture Media; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000494:pharmacology*; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques / Q000662:veterinary*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000187:drug effects*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects; D050437:Genes, Developmental / Q000502:physiology; D010120:Oxytocics / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D015415:Biomarkers; D003470:Culture Media; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D010120:Oxytocics; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C014558:flunixin meglumine; D015237:Dinoprost; D003002:Clonixin