title: [Hepatopulmonary syndrome].
abstract: Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is characterized by the triad of liver disease, intrapulmonary vascular dilatation and arterial deoxygenation. Mediating factors are tumor necrosis factor a, endothelin 1 and nitric oxide. Typical symptom is an increase in dyspnea while in standing position, orthodeoxia. In orthodeoxia hypoxemia accentuates while the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood decreases by 5% or more. The blood flow distribution to the lungs is changed as the pulmonary vascular tone is altered. Diagnosis is based on the evidence of liver disease, hypoxemia and pulmonary vascular shunt detected by the so-called bubble test. Liver transplantation is currently the only efficient therapeutic option.
authors.forename: Olli
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Säynäjäkangas
authors.forename: Ulpu
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tervashonka
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olli
authors.forename: Merja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurkinen
authors.forename: Airi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jartti
authors.forename: Katri
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vuopala
authors.forename: Katriina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kahlos
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D020065:Hepatopulmonary Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology