title: Dendritic cells and macrophages in the kidney: a spectrum of good and evil.
abstract: Renal dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages represent a constitutive, extensive and contiguous network of innate immune cells that provide sentinel and immune-intelligence activity; they induce and regulate inflammatory responses to freely filtered antigenic material and protect the kidney from infection. Tissue-resident or infiltrating DCs and macrophages are key factors in the initiation and propagation of renal disease, as well as essential contributors to subsequent tissue regeneration, regardless of the aetiological and pathogenetic mechanisms. The identification, and functional and phenotypic distinction of these cell types is complex and incompletely understood, and the same is true of their interplay and relationships with effector and regulatory cells of the adaptive immune system. In this Review, we discuss the common and distinct characteristics of DCs and macrophages, as well as key advances that have identified the renal-specific functions of these important phagocytic, antigen-presenting cells, and their roles in potentiating or mitigating intrinsic kidney disease. We also identify remaining issues that are of priority for further investigation, and highlight the prospects for translational and therapeutic application of the knowledge acquired.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Medicine Institute and Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, W1544 Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Natasha M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.affiliation: MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ferenbach
authors.affiliation: Vascular Medicine Institute and Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, W1544 Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Isenberg
authors.affiliation: Vascular Medicine Institute and Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, W1544 Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Angus W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.affiliation: MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hughes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000032:analysis; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology* / Q000473:pathology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D010641:Phenotype; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000032:analysis; D012038:Regeneration; D014181:Transplantation Immunology
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface