title: Measurement of post-void residual urine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the teaching module "Measurement of Post-void residual urine."
  
  
  METHODS
  This module has been prepared by a Working Group of the ICS Urodynamics Committee. The methodology used included comprehensive literature review, consensus formation by the members of the Working Group, and review by members of the ICS Urodynamics Committee core panel.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this ICS teaching module the evidence for and relevance of PVR measurement in patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) is summarized; in short: The interval between voiding and post-void residual (PVR) measurement should be of short duration and ultrasound bladder volume measurement is preferred to urethral catheterization. There is no universally accepted definition of a significant residual urine volume. Large PVR (>200-300 ml) may indicate marked bladder dysfunction and may predispose to unsatisfactory treatment results if for example, invasive treatment for bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) is undertaken. PVR does not seem to be a strong predictor of acute urinary retention and does not indicate presence of BOO specifically. Although the evidence base is limited, guidelines on assessment of LUTS generally include PVR measurement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurement of PVR is recommended in guidelines and recommendations on the management of LUTS and urinary incontinence, but the level of evidence for this measurement is not high. This manuscript summarizes the evidence and provides practice recommendations for teaching purposes in the framework of an ICS teaching module.
authors.affiliation: UOC of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Tor Vergata, Policlinico Casilino, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Anastasios D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Asimakopoulos
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Cosimo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Nunzio
authors.affiliation: Director division of Pelvic Health and Reconstructive Urology, Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Ervin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kocjancic
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tubaro
authors.affiliation: University Medical Centre Utrecht, Department of Urology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Peter F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Rosier
authors.affiliation: Unit for Functional Urology, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Finazzi-Agrò
mesh_terms: D003950:Diagnostic Techniques, Urological; D006801:Humans; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology*; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: bladder outlet obstruction; measurement; post-void residual urine; urinary incontinence; urinary tract infections; urodynamics