title: Genetically modified flax expressing NAP-SsGT1 transgene: examination of anti-inflammatory action.
abstract: The aim of the work was to define the influence of dietary supplementation with GM (genetically modified) GT#4 flaxseed cake enriched in polyphenols on inflammation development in mice liver. Mice were given ad libitum isoprotein diets: (1) standard diet; (2) high-fat diet rich in lard, high-fat diet enriched with 30% of (3) isogenic flax Linola seed cake; and (4) GM GT#4 flaxseed cake; for 96 days. Administration of transgenic and isogenic seed cake lowered body weight gain, of transgenic to the standard diet level. Serum total antioxidant status was statistically significantly improved in GT#4 flaxseed cake group and did not differ from Linola. Serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid profile and the liver concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α were ameliorated by GM and isogenic flaxseed cake consumption. The level of pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon-γ did not differ between mice obtaining GM GT#4 and non-GM flaxseed cakes. The C-reactive protein concentration was reduced in animals fed GT#4 flaxseed cake and did not differ from those fed non-GM flaxseed cake-based diet. Similarly, the liver structure of mice consuming diets enriched in flaxseed cake was improved. Dietetic enrichment with GM GT#4 and non-GM flaxseed cakes may be a promising solution for health problems resulting from improper diet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland. magdalena_matusiewicz@sggw.pl.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matusiewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland. iwona_kosieradzka@sggw.pl.
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kosieradzka
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland. mzuk@ibmb.uni.wroc.pl.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland. szopa@ibmb.uni.wroc.pl.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szopa
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D019597:Flax / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D005964:Glucosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics*; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D032322:Solanum / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000032:analysis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004041:Dietary Fats; D008055:Lipids; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D005964:Glucosyltransferases; C029310:lard