title: Poly(isobutylene) nanoparticles via cationic polymerization in nonaqueous emulsions.
abstract: The preparation of poly(isobutylene) (PIB) nanoparticles via cationic emulsion polymerization is presented. As a requirement, an oil-in-perfluoroalkane nonaqueous emulsion is developed, which is inert under the carbocationic polymerization conditions. To stabilize the dichloromethane/hexane droplets in the fluorinated, continuous phase, an amphiphilic block copolymer emulsifier is prepared containing PIB and 1H,1H-perfluoroalkylated poly(pentafluorostyrene) blocks. This system allows for the polymerization of isobutylene with number-average molecular weights (Mn) up to 27,000 g mol(-1). The particle morphologies are characterized via dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy. For Mn > 20,000 g mol(-1), the particles exhibit shape-persistence at room temperature and are ≈100 nm in diameter.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.forename: Florian E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Golling
authors.forename: Joseph W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Krumpfer
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Graf
authors.forename: Abdulhamid A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Alsaygh
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klapper
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Müllen
mesh_terms: D000475:Alkenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D002412:Cations / Q000737:chemistry; D045703:Emulsifying Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry*; D005465:Fluorocarbon Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D006586:Hexanes / Q000737:chemistry; D008752:Methylene Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008970:Molecular Weight; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D058105:Polymerization; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000475:Alkenes; D002412:Cations; D045703:Emulsifying Agents; D004655:Emulsions; D005465:Fluorocarbon Polymers; D006586:Hexanes; D011108:Polymers; D011137:Polystyrenes; C026385:n-hexane; D008752:Methylene Chloride; C008176:isobutylene
keywords: block copolymers; cationic polymerization; emulsion polymerization; fluoropolymers; rubber