title: A reduction in both visceral and subcutaneous fats contributes to increased adiponectin by lifestyle intervention in the Diabetes Prevention Program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adiponectin, an insulin-sensitizing adipokine, confers protection against type 2 diabetes. Although adiponectin is secreted exclusively from fat, contributions of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) versus subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) to adiponectin levels have not been fully understood. We aimed to examine correlations between changes in VAT and SAT volumes and changes in adiponectin levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here, we have investigated the correlations between ΔVAT and ΔSAT with Δadiponectin in participants of the Diabetes Prevention Program, a clinical trial investigating the effects of lifestyle changes and metformin versus placebo on the rate of developing type 2 diabetes. Data on VAT and SAT volumes, measured by computed tomography, and on adiponectin levels at both baseline and 1-year follow-up were available in 321 men and 626 women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In men, Δadiponectin was highly significantly correlated with both ΔSAT (r s  = -0.329) and ΔVAT (r s  = -0.413). Likewise, in women, Δadiponectin was correlated with both ΔSAT (r s  = -0.294) and ΔVAT (r s  = -0.348). In the lifestyle arm, Δadiponectin remained highly significantly correlated with ΔSAT and ΔVAT in men (r s  = -0.399 and r s  = -0.460, respectively), and in women (r s  = -0.372 and r s  = -0.396, respectively), with P < 0.001 for all above correlations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that for both men and women, adiponectin changes are highly significantly correlated with changes in both SAT and VAT and that exercise- and weight-loss-induced reduction in both SAT and VAT contributes to the increased adiponectin.
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Chun-Ting
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ren
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin