title: Protective effect of melatonin on cigarette smoke-induced restenosis in rat carotid arteries after balloon injury.
abstract: Vascular restenosis after the interventional angioplasty remains the main obstacle to a favorable long-term patency. Many researches suggest cigarette smoking is one of the most important causes of restenosis. This study was designed to investigate whether melatonin could protect against the cigarette smoke-induced restenosis in rat carotid arteries after balloon injury. Three groups of male rats (normal condition, cigarette smoke exposed, cigarette smoke exposed, and melatonin injected) were used in this study. An established balloon-induced carotid artery injury was performed, and the carotid arteries were harvested from these three groups 14 days later. The ratio of intima to media, the infiltration of inflammatory cells, the expression of inflammatory cytokines (NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1), adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1), and eNOS were measured. The results showed that cigarette smoke exposure aggravated the stenosis of the lumen, promoted the infiltration of inflammatory cells and induced the expression of the inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules after the balloon-induced carotid artery injury. Moreover, cigarette smoke exposure can inhibit the expression of eNOS. Particularly, we surprised that melatonin could minimize this effect caused by cigarette smoke. These results suggested that melatonin could prevent the cigarette smoke-induced restenosis in rat carotid arteries after balloon injury and the mechanism of its protective effect may be the inhibition of the inflammatory reaction. This also implies melatonin has the potential therapeutic applicability in prevention of restenosis after the vascular angioplasty in smokers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Gen-Huan
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yan-Chuan
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhan-Qi
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Leng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Shi-Ying
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.forename: Lin-Fang
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chang-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000187:drug effects*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012008:Recurrence; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D012906:Smoke; D008550:Melatonin
keywords: cigarette smoke; inflammation; melatonin; restenosis; vasculature