title: Dose-dependent effect of deltamethrin in testis, liver, and kidney of wistar rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Deltamethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide used worldwide in agriculture, household pest control, protection of foodstuff, and disease vector control. Although initially thought to be least toxic, a number of recent reports showed its toxic effects in mammalian and non-mammalian animal species. The current study was performed to assess the dose-dependent deltamethrin toxicity on testes, liver, and kidney of male Wistar rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four rats were divided in four groups of 6 each. Group A served as normal control. Group B, C, and D were administered with different doses (2 or 3 or 6 mg/kg corresponding to 1/30(th) or 1/20(th) or 1/10(th) of LD50, respectively) of deltamethrin for 28 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Deltamethrin exposure caused a significant reduction in weight of reproductive organs, decrease in sperm count, sperm motility, serum testosterone (T), follicle stimulating hormones (FSH), and luteinizing hormones (LH) in testis. Glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were decreased in testis, liver and kidney of exposed rats. Deltamethrin exposure significantly increased sperm abnormalities in testis. Significant increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) level was observed in testis, liver and kidney. Deltamethrin also caused histological alterations in testes, liver, and kidney.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicated that deltamethrin at a dose of 6 mg/kg exerts significant harmful effects on testes, liver and kidney as compare to 2 mg and 3 mg/kg. The study concluded that the system toxicity induced by deltamethrin was dose dependent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Poonam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Rambir
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Mysra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jan
keywords: Deltamethrin; Wistar rats; kidney; liver; oxidative stress; testes