title: Validation of the Chinese-language brief sensation seeking scale: implications for risky riding behaviors of parental motorcyclists and their child passengers.
abstract: Motorcycles are the leading cause of road traffic deaths in the Western Pacific and Southeast Asia, where Mandarin Chinese is the most commonly used language. Sensation seeking (SS) is reported to correlate with many risky motor vehicle behaviors, and therefore a culture-adapted Chinese instrument is needed to assess this personality trait in Chinese-speaking motorcycling populations. The standard front and blinded-backward process was carried out to formulate the Chinese-language Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (C-BSSS). 193 parental motorcyclists who rode with their young children were interviewed concerning their SS levels, demographics, riding behaviors, and the driving/riding experiences. A random sample of 30 subjects was re-interviewed 1-2 weeks later to examine the test-retest reliability. Psychometric analyses revealed satisfactory item characteristics, internal consistency, intraobserver reliability, and interobserver reliability. Additionally, parental motorcyclists who had the following characteristics were more likely to be the high sensation seekers (SSers), including male, younger age, presenting risky motor vehicle behaviors of themselves (e.g., higher riding speeds, operating after drinking, using a mobile phone while operating, and receiving a traffic ticket), and carrying child passengers who demonstrated dangerous motorcycling behaviors (e.g., a younger age, non-helmeted, and overloaded). We conclude that the C-BSSS is a useful and reliable measure of SS for ethnic Chinese populations. This instrument may be helpful to develop the future prevention strategy of motorcycle injuries in Chinese parental motorcyclists and their young child passengers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, 542, Sec. 1, Chung-shan Rd., Changhua 500, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Emergency Medicine, Chu Shang Show Chwan Hospital, 75, Sec. 2, Jishan Rd., Zhushan Township, Nantou 557, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC; School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Hsiu-Ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Mau-Roung
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chyi-Huey
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, 542, Sec. 1, Chung-shan Rd., Changhua 500, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Ping-Wen
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 252 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yung-Hsiao
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC; Ministry of Health and Welfare, 488, Sec. 6, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei City 115, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: d508099001@tmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Wen-Ta
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Chiu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003617:Dangerous Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009049:Motorcycles; D010290:Parents; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012677:Sensation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014177:Translations; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Child; Chinese; Motorcycle; Parent; Risky behavior; Sensation seeking