title: Dry powder formulation of simvastatin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study focuses on the development of a dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulation of simvastatin (SV), and the effects of SV on the respiratory epithelium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Micronised SV samples were prepared by dry jet-milling. The long-term chemical stability and physicochemical properties of the formulations were characterised in terms of particles size, morphology, thermal and moisture responses. Furthermore, in vitro aerosol depositions were performed. The formulation was evaluated for cell viability and its effect on cilia beat activity, using ciliated nasal epithelial cells in vitro. The formulation transport across an established air interface Calu-3 bronchial epithelial cells and its ability to reduce mucus secretion was also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The particle size of the SV formulation and its aerosol performance were appropriate for inhalation therapy. Moreover, the formulation was found to be non-toxic to pulmonary epithelia cells and cilia beat activity up to a concentration of 10(-6) M. Transport studies revealed that SV has the ability to penetrate into airway epithelial cells and is converted into its active SV hydroxy acid metabolite. Single dose of SV DPI also decreased mucus production after 4 days of dosing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This therapy could potentially be used for the local treatment of diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and bronchiectasis given its anti-inflammatory effects and ability to reduce mucus production.
authors.affiliation: Sydney University, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, Respiratory Technology , Sydney, NSW 2037 , Australia daniela.traini@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Alaa S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Tulbah
authors.forename: Hui Xin
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Traini
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000336:Aerosols / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D058995:Dry Powder Inhalers; D006801:Humans; D010316:Particle Size; D011208:Powders; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D011208:Powders; C532833:simvastatin hydroxyacid; D019821:Simvastatin
keywords: cilia; dry powder for inhalation; epithelia transport; mucus; simvastatin; stability