title: Reelin Induces Branching of Neurons and Radial Glial Cells during Corticogenesis.
abstract: Newborn neurons migrate along the processes of radial glial cells (RGCs) to reach their final positions in the cortex. Here, we visualized individual migrating neurons and RGCs using in utero electroporation. We show that branching of migrating neurons and RGCs is closely correlated spatiotemporally with the distribution of Reelin. Time-lapse imaging revealed that the leading processes of migrating neurons gave rise to increasingly more branches once their growth cones contacted the Reelin-containing marginal zone. This was accompanied by translocation of the nucleus and gradual shortening of the leading process. Absence of Reelin in reeler mice altered these processes resulting in misorientation, loss of bipolarity, and aberrant migration of cortical neurons. Moreover, in reeler, the branching of the basal processes of RGCs in the marginal zone was severely disrupted. Consistent with previous reports, we show that in dissociated reeler cortical cultures, exposure to recombinant Reelin enhanced dendritic complexity and glial branching. Our results suggest that Reelin induces branching of the leading processes of migrating neurons and that of basal processes of RGCs when they arrive at the Reelin-containing marginal zone. Branching of these processes may be crucial for the termination of nuclear translocation during the migratory process and for correct neuronal positioning.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Structural Neurobiology, ZMNH, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Xuejun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Zoology, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Zoology, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute for Structural Neurobiology, ZMNH, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Institute of Zoology, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Jiawei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Zoology, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Jianlin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China.
authors.forename: Shulin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute for Structural Neurobiology, ZMNH, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frotscher
authors.affiliation: Institute for Structural Neurobiology, ZMNH, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Institute of Zoology, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China.
authors.forename: Shanting
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002465:Cell Movement; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D003712:Dendrites / Q000378:metabolism; D018274:Electroporation; D063928:Ependymoglial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D008818:Mice, Neurologic Mutants; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000091042:Reelin Protein; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D000091042:Reelin Protein; C000717128:Reln protein, mouse; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases
keywords: development; in utero electroporation; neuronal migration; reeler mutant