title: Correlation between a positive family risk score and peripheral artery disease in one case-control and two population-based studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association between a family history of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases or risk factors and the presence of peripheral artery disease (PAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were recruited within one PAD case-control study (CAVASIC, n = 481) and two population-based studies (KORA-F3, n = 3118; KORA-F4, n = 1325). In the KORA studies, an ankle-brachial-index <0.9 and/or symptomatic claudication was defined as PAD. For myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, PAD, and obesity, family risk scores (FamRS) were calculated taking into account the number and age of diseased parents and siblings and regressed on prevalent PAD or ankle-brachial-index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant association with PAD was found for family history of myocardial infarction and hypertension in a combined analysis of all studies and for family history of PAD in the case-control study. A combined family history score was derived from FamRS myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and PAD. A positive family history of at least two and/or a strong positive family history of at least one of these diseases was found to be associated with increased risk of prevalent PAD in all three studies, even after adjustment for classical risk factors (OR = 1.93, 95%CI = [1.53-2.44], p = 2.6 × 10(-8)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of a positive family history for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases or risk factors was shown to be associated with the presence of PAD. A FamRS calculation tool that considers age and family size can guide a physician to perform extended examinations to prevent complications and progression of PAD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Innsbruck Medical University, Schöpfstr. 41, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lamina
authors.affiliation: Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Innsbruck Medical University, Schöpfstr. 41, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Linsenmeyer
authors.affiliation: Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Innsbruck Medical University, Schöpfstr. 41, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Hansi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Weissensteiner
authors.affiliation: Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Innsbruck Medical University, Schöpfstr. 41, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kollerits
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meisinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rantner
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stöckl
authors.affiliation: 3rd Medical Department of Metabolic Diseases and Nephrology, Hietzing Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Marietta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stadler
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Angiology, HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Klein-Weigel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Gustav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fraedrich
authors.affiliation: Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Innsbruck Medical University, Schöpfstr. 41, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Electronic address: Florian.Kronenberg@i-med.ac.at.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kronenberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis; D007383:Intermittent Claudication / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Ankle-brachial-index; Family Risk Score; Family history; Peripheral artery disease; Risk prediction