title: Nerve branches to the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle may complicate the laryngeal reinnervation procedure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To better understand the reason for the low success rate of posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle reinnervation, we attempted to identify the communicating branches that may exist between the nerve branch to the PCA muscle and the other laryngeal adductors in addition to the interarytenoid (IA) muscle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quantitative histological assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty human hemilarynges from patients with laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer were obtained after surgery and stained with Sihler's stain, which rendered the muscle translucent while counterstaining the neuroanatomy of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) inside the larynges.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The nerve supply to the PCA muscle was separated into two main branches. One upper branch supplied the horizontal compartment, and the lower branch supplied the vertical/oblique compartment. In 14 specimens, two nerve branches to the PCA muscle arose separately from the RLN. In six specimens, one single main branch arose from the RLN and immediately ramified into two secondary branches. In all specimens except one, the nerve branch to the horizontal compartment was connected to the IA muscle. However, no communicating branches were observed between the nerve to the PCA muscle and the other laryngeal adductors. No anastomosis between nerve branches to the horizontal and vertical/oblique compartments or other variations of nerve distribution were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The communicating branches between the nerve branches to the PCA muscle and the IA muscle may be the only branch, complicating the reinnervation procedure. More investigations are needed to identify variations in the terminal branch distribution from the RLN.
  
  
  METHODS
  NA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Buddist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei Branch School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wan-Fu
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Shao-Cheng
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shwun-De
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wang-Yu
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Kuo-Hsing
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Tung-Tsun
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D001193:Arytenoid Cartilage / Q000294:innervation; D003413:Cricoid Cartilage / Q000294:innervation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007821:Laryngeal Muscles / Q000294:innervation* / Q000601:surgery*; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012009:Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013194:Staining and Labeling
keywords: Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle; communicating branch; interarytenoid muscle; lateral cricoarytenoid muscle; recurrent laryngeal nerve