title: Magnesium replacement does not improve insulin resistance in patients with metabolic syndrome: a 12-week randomized double-blind study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate the effect of magnesium (Mg) replacement on insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors in women with metabolic syndrome (MS) without diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  This 12-week clinical randomized double-blind study compared the effects of 400 mg/day of Mg with those of a placebo (n = 72) on fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, lipid profile and CRP. Mg was measured in serum (SMg) and in mononuclear cells (MMg).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypomagnesemia (SMg < 1.7 mg/dL) was seen in 23.2% of patients and intracellular depletion in 36.1% of patients. The MMg means were lower in patients with obesity (0.94 ± 0.54 μg/mg vs. 1.19 ± 0.6 μg/mg, P = 0.04), and insulin resistance (0.84 ± 0.33 μg/mg vs. 1.14 ± 0.69 µg/mg, P < 0.05). Mg replacement did not alter SMg (1.82 ± 0.14 mg/dL vs. 1.81 ± 0.16 mg/dL, P = 0.877) and tended to increment MMg (0.90 ± 0.40 μg/mg vs. 1.21 ± 0.73 μg/mg, P = 0.089). HOMA-IR did not alter in interventions nor in placebo group (3.2 ± 2.0 to 2.8 ± 1.9, P = 0.368; 3.6 ± 1.9 to 3.2 ± 1.8, respectively), neither did other metabolic parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum and intracellular Mg depletion is common in patients with MS; however, Mg replacement in recommended dosage did not increase significantly Mg levels, neither reduced insulin resistance or metabolic control.
authors.affiliation: Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saude Publica, FBDC, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil ; Universidade Salvador, UNIFACS, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.
authors.forename: Maria de Lourdes
authors.initials: Mde L
authors.lastname: Lima de Souza E Silva
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Medicina, Programa de Pos-graduacao em Medicina e Saude da Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brasil.
authors.forename: Thomaz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saude Publica, FBDC, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.
authors.forename: Luiz Erlon
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saude Publica, FBDC, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.
authors.forename: Ana Marice
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ladeia
authors.affiliation: Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saude Publica, FBDC, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.
authors.forename: Olivia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bomfim
authors.affiliation: Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saude Publica, FBDC, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.
authors.forename: Lucas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Olivieri
authors.affiliation: Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saude Publica, FBDC, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saude Publica, FBDC, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Correia
authors.affiliation: Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saude Publica, FBDC, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.
authors.forename: Mirna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Porto
authors.affiliation: Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saude Publica, FBDC, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cedro
keywords: Magnesium and insulin resistance; Magnesium replacement; Metabolic syndrome