title: Socioeconomic disparity in breast cancer detection in Hong Kong--a high income city: retrospective epidemiological study using the Breast Cancer Registry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is not known whether socioeconomic disparities affect the detection of breast cancer in Asian countries where the incidence of breast cancer is a rising trend. In this study, we explore the socioeconomic profiles of women and the stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis in breast cancer patients aged 40 or over in Hong Kong.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the period 2008 to 2011, 5393 breast cancer patients registered with the Hong Kong Breast Cancer Registry. Participants and their clinicians were asked to complete standardised questionnaires including patient socio-demographics, health history and risk factors, the course of the disease, post-treatment physical discomfort and psychosocial impact, follow-up recurrence and survival status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Monthly household incomes, educational levels and the practice of regular screening are independently associated with the stage of the disease at diagnosis. Higher socioeconomic status and a higher educational level were associated with an earlier stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis. Yearly clinical examinations, ultrasound and mammographic screening every 2 to 3 years were significantly associated with the earlier detection of breast cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were socioeconomic disparities among Hong Kong women who were found to have breast cancer. Population-based screening policies, including raising awareness among women at risk, should be implemented.
authors.affiliation: Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Josette Sin Yee
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chor
authors.affiliation: Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Holly Ching Yu
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.affiliation: Hong Kong Breast Cancer Foundation, North Point, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Hong Kong Breast Cancer Foundation, North Point, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Hang Mei
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Hong Kong Breast Cancer Foundation, North Point, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Eliza
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fok
authors.affiliation: Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Sian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.affiliation: Hong Kong Breast Cancer Foundation, North Point, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Polly
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cheung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005260:Female; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors