title: Ingestible gastrointestinal sampling devices: state-of-the-art and future directions.
abstract: Despite the significant contribution of gastrointestinal diseases to the global disease burden and the increasing recognition of the role played by the intestinal microbiota in human health and disease states, conventional methods of exploring and collecting samples from the gastrointestinal tract remain invasive, resource intensive, and often unable to capture all the information contained in these heterogeneous samples. A new class of gastrointestinal sampling capsules is emerging in the literature, which contains the components required for an autonomous intra-luminal device and preserves the spatial and temporal information of the gastrointestinal samples. In this paper, we identify the primary design requirements for gastrointestinal sampling capsules, and we review the state-of-the-art for different components and functionalities. We also suggest two design concepts, and we highlight future directions for this class of biomedical devices.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A2B4, Canada.
authors.forename: Yaw
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Amoako-Tuffour
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A2B4, Canada; Micropharma Limited, 4200 St-Laurent Blvd, 4th Floor, Unit 409.
authors.forename: Mitchell L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A2K6, Canada.
authors.forename: Nabil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shalabi
authors.affiliation: Micropharma Limited, 4200 St-Laurent Blvd, 4th Floor, Unit 409, Montreal, Quebec, H2W 2R2, Canada.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Labbe
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A2K6, Canada.
authors.forename: Srikar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vengallatore
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street; Micropharma Limited, 4200 St-Laurent Blvd, 4th Floor, Unit 409, Montreal, Quebec, H2W 2R2, Canada.
authors.forename: Satya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prakash
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D053704:Capsule Endoscopy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D003938:Diagnostic Techniques, Digestive System / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000639:trends*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology*; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers