title: Assessing outcomes for cost-utility analysis in depression: comparison of five multi-attribute utility instruments with two depression-specific outcome measures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many mental health surveys and clinical studies do not include a multi-attribute utility instrument (MAUI) that produces quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). There is also some question about the sensitivity of the existing utility instruments to mental health.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the sensitivity of five commonly used MAUIs (Assessment of Quality of Life - Eight Dimension Scale (AQoL-8D), EuroQoL-five dimension (EQ-5D-5L), Short Form 6D (SF-6D), Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3), 15D) with that of disease-specific depression outcome measures (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10)) and develop 'crosswalk' transformation algorithms between the measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individual data from 917 people with self-report depression collected as part of the International Multi-Instrument Comparison Survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the MAUIs discriminated between the levels of severity measured by the K10 and the DASS-21. The AQoL-8D had the highest correlation with the disease-specific measures and the best goodness-of-fit transformation properties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The algorithms developed in this study can be used to determine cost-effectiveness of services or interventions where utility measures are not collected.
authors.affiliation: Cathrine Mihalopoulos, BBSc(Hons), GDEcSt, PGDHthEc, PhD, Deakin Health Economics, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria; Gang Chen, BMed, MSc, PhD, Flinders Health Economics Group, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Repatriation General Hospital, Daw Park, South Australia; Angelo Iezzi, BE (civil), MSc, Munir A. Khan, BA(Hons), MSc, MA, PhD, Jeffrey Richardson, BA(Hons), PhD, Centre for Health Economics, Faculty of Business and Economics, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Cathrine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mihalopoulos
authors.affiliation: Cathrine Mihalopoulos, BBSc(Hons), GDEcSt, PGDHthEc, PhD, Deakin Health Economics, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria; Gang Chen, BMed, MSc, PhD, Flinders Health Economics Group, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Repatriation General Hospital, Daw Park, South Australia; Angelo Iezzi, BE (civil), MSc, Munir A. Khan, BA(Hons), MSc, MA, PhD, Jeffrey Richardson, BA(Hons), PhD, Centre for Health Economics, Faculty of Business and Economics, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Cathrine Mihalopoulos, BBSc(Hons), GDEcSt, PGDHthEc, PhD, Deakin Health Economics, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria; Gang Chen, BMed, MSc, PhD, Flinders Health Economics Group, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Repatriation General Hospital, Daw Park, South Australia; Angelo Iezzi, BE (civil), MSc, Munir A. Khan, BA(Hons), MSc, MA, PhD, Jeffrey Richardson, BA(Hons), PhD, Centre for Health Economics, Faculty of Business and Economics, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iezzi
authors.affiliation: Cathrine Mihalopoulos, BBSc(Hons), GDEcSt, PGDHthEc, PhD, Deakin Health Economics, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria; Gang Chen, BMed, MSc, PhD, Flinders Health Economics Group, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Repatriation General Hospital, Daw Park, South Australia; Angelo Iezzi, BE (civil), MSc, Munir A. Khan, BA(Hons), MSc, MA, PhD, Jeffrey Richardson, BA(Hons), PhD, Centre for Health Economics, Faculty of Business and Economics, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Munir A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Cathrine Mihalopoulos, BBSc(Hons), GDEcSt, PGDHthEc, PhD, Deakin Health Economics, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria; Gang Chen, BMed, MSc, PhD, Flinders Health Economics Group, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Repatriation General Hospital, Daw Park, South Australia; Angelo Iezzi, BE (civil), MSc, Munir A. Khan, BA(Hons), MSc, MA, PhD, Jeffrey Richardson, BA(Hons), PhD, Centre for Health Economics, Faculty of Business and Economics, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Richardson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D011788:Quality of Life; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult