title: Characterization and hepatoprotective effect of polysaccharides from Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou sarcocarp.
abstract: The polysaccharides from Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou sarcocarp (PWJS) is evaluated for the chemical composition, antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect. The characteristics of PWJS were determined by FT-IR spectral and HPLC analysis. The antioxidant activity was investigated using in vitro systems. An in vivo study of PWJS against CCl4 induced liver injury was also conducted. HPLC analysis showed that PWJS is an acidic heteropolysaccharide, rich in glucose (38.59%), arabinose (23.16%), galacturonic acid (17.64%) and galactose (10.44%). PWJS displayed strong antioxidant activity in vitro. In the in vivo study, PWJS treatment lowered the serum levels of ALT and AST in CCl4-intoxicated mice. Additionally, levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) and GSH were elevated in liver damage mice by PWJS intervention, while content of MDA was lessened. Meanwhile, PWJS reverses the suppression of Nrf2 nuclear translocation, and increases the protein expression of HO-1, GSTα and NQO1 in liver damage mice. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the condition of liver damage was mitigated. This study demonstrates that PWJS reverses hepatotoxicity in CCl4-intoxicated mice through the mechanisms of antioxidant activity, as well as an augmentation of the Nrf2 pathway in liver tissue.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors.forename: Shuangchan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors.forename: Huifang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Central Hospital of Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Xuyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors.forename: Yunhui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, Jianghan University, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Mayinglong Pharmaceutical Group Co., LTD, China.
authors.forename: Fuwei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China. Electronic address: dinghong1106@whu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000633:toxicity; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D031957:Ziziphus / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; C485120:Nrf3 protein, mouse; D011134:Polysaccharides; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride
keywords: Hepatoprotective; Nrf2; Sarcocarp; Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou