title: Human glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms associated with prostate cancer in the Brazilian population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of polymorphisms in GSTA1, GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 in the risk of developing Prostate Cancer (PCa) in a population of Rio de Janeiro and compare the distribution of allele and genotype frequencies of the polymorphisms analyzed in the present study population with other regions in the country and different ethnic groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed a sample of the Brazilian population, comprising 196 patients with PCa treated by the urology services of the Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA) and Mario Kroeff Hospital (HMK), and 208 male blood donors from the Clementino Fraga Filho Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). The polymorphisms were determined in DNA, extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes using the Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results showed that the distribution of polymorphisms can vary significantly according to the Brazilian region and ethnic groups. The distribution of allele and genotype frequencies of the polymorphism GSTA1 was statistically different between cases and controls. Genotypes (A / B + B / B) were associated with protection (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.40-0.92) for PCa in comparison to genotype A / A.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The distribution of genotype frequencies of the polymorphism GSTA1 was statistically different between the case and control groups (p = 0.023), and the presence of genotypes A / B and B / B suggests a protective role against the risk of PCa compared to genotype A / A. This is the first study that reports the genotypic frequency of this polymorphism and its association with PCa in a Brazilian population sample.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Human Genetics and Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation; Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Hematology Service, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata Almeida de
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Så
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline Dos Santos
authors.initials: Ados S
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Human Genetics Oswaldo Cruz Institute / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil and Brazilian National Institute of Cancer; Laboratory of Human Genetics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pedro Hernan
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Cabello
authors.affiliation: Urology Service of Brazilian National Institute of Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil and Mário Kroeff Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio Augusto
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ornellas
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Human Genetics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo Butinhão
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Hematology Service Brazilian National Institute of Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil and Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Brazilian National Institute of Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cintia da Silva
authors.initials: Cda S
authors.lastname: Matos
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Hematology Service Brazilian National Institute of Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gilda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Human Genetics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hatagima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001938:Brazil / Q000208:ethnology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi / Q000235:genetics; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D007527:Isoenzymes; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1; C496556:GSTP1 protein, human; C119995:glutathione S-transferase alpha