title: Assessment of torsion after superior rectus transposition with or without medial rectus recession for Duane syndrome and abducens nerve palsy.
abstract: Superior rectus transposition with or without medial rectus recession has been advocated for the treatment of abducens nerve palsy and esotropic Duane syndrome. Early reports have focused mainly on postoperative ocular alignment, but there is concern that superior rectus transposition may induce torsional misalignment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate torsional outcomes after superior rectus transposition surgery using prospective preoperative and postoperative torsional assessments.
  
  
  
  Prospective measurements were performed on all patients undergoing superior rectus transposition. Preverbal infants were assessed using fundus torsion evaluating the position of the fovea relative to the optic nerve; older children/adults underwent double Maddox rod (DMR) assessment of torsion.
  
  
  
  A total of 11 subjects met the study inclusion criteria. The etiology of strabismus was an abducens nerve palsy (n = 7) or Duane syndrome (n = 4). For the subjects evaluated by fundus torsion (n = 4), there was no significant change in torsion for 3 (75%). For those subjects undergoing DMR (n = 7), there was a significant change in subjective torsion (4.7 ± 3.8°excyclotorsion vs 0.0° ± 5.0° excyclotorsion; P = 0.004). Esotropic deviation improved significantly for all subjects (39(Δ) ± 23(Δ) vs 6.5(Δ) ± 13(Δ); P = 0.001) and no significant mean vertical deviation postoperatively, although 1 patient had a clinically significant postoperative hypertropia measuring 14(Δ). Abduction also improved significantly (-4.2 ± 0.9 vs -2.8 ± 1, P = 0.0001).
  
  
  
  In this patient series, superior rectus transposition with medial rectus recession did not have clinically significant induction of torsional diplopia as a result of the procedure.
authors.affiliation: Jules Stein Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Los Angeles.
authors.forename: Federico G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Velez
authors.affiliation: Jules Stein Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Los Angeles.
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oltra
authors.affiliation: Jules Stein Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Los Angeles.
authors.forename: Sherwin J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Isenberg
authors.affiliation: Jules Stein Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Los Angeles.
authors.forename: Stacy L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Pineles
mesh_terms: D020434:Abducens Nerve Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D004172:Diplopia / Q000503:physiopathology; D004370:Duane Retraction Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000601:surgery* / Q000637:transplantation*; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013285:Strabismus / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D014102:Torsion Abnormality / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology