title: Walking economy during cued versus non-cued self-selected treadmill walking in persons with Parkinson's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gait impairments related to Parkinson's disease (PD) include variable step length and decreased walking velocity, which may result in poorer walking economy. Auditory cueing is a common method used to improve gait mechanics in PD that has been shown to worsen walking economy at set treadmill walking speeds. It is unknown if auditory cueing has the same effects on walking economy at self-selected treadmill walking speeds.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if auditory cueing will affect walking economy at self-selected treadmill walking speeds and at speeds slightly faster and slower than self-selected.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two participants with moderate PD performed three, 6-minute bouts of treadmill walking at three speeds (self-selected and ± 0.22 m·sec-1). One session used cueing and the other without cueing. Energy expenditure was measured and walking economy was calculated (energy expenditure/power).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Poorer walking economy and higher energy expenditure occurred during cued walking at a self-selected and a slightly faster walking speed, but there was no apparent difference at the slightly slower speed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that potential gait benefits of auditory cueing may come at an energy cost and poorer walking economy for persons with PD at least at some treadmill walking speeds.
authors.affiliation: Teacher's College, Columbia University, NY, USA Norwalk Community College, Norwalk, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.affiliation: Teacher's College, Columbia University, NY, USA Arizona School of Health, Science, A.T. Still University, Mesa, Arizona.
authors.forename: Tara L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: McIsaac
authors.affiliation: Teacher's College, Columbia University, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Carol Ewing
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Garber
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000368:Aged; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003463:Cues; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications*; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Parkinson disease; exercise; physical fitness; rehabilitation; walking