title: Characterizations of how species mediate ecosystem properties require more comprehensive functional effect descriptors.
abstract: The importance of individual species in mediating ecosystem process and functioning is generally accepted, but categorical descriptors that summarize species-specific contributions to ecosystems tend to reference a limited number of biological traits and underestimate the importance of how organisms interact with their environment. Here, we show how three functionally contrasting sediment-dwelling marine invertebrates affect fluid and particle transport - important processes in mediating nutrient cycling - and use high-resolution reconstructions of burrow geometry to determine the extent and nature of biogenic modification. We find that individual functional effect descriptors fall short of being able to adequately characterize how species mediate the stocks and flows of important ecosystem properties and that, in contrary to common practice and understanding, they are not substitutable with one another because they emphasize different aspects of species activity and behavior. When information derived from these metrics is combined with knowledge of how species behave and modify their environment, however, detailed mechanistic information emerges that increases the likelihood that a species functional standing will be appropriately summarized. Our study provides evidence that more comprehensive functional effect descriptors are required if they are to be of value to those tasked with projecting how altered biodiversity will influence future ecosystems.
authors.affiliation: 1] University of East Anglia, School of Environmental Science, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK [2] Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hale
authors.affiliation: University of Southampton, Engineering and the Environment, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Mavrogordato
authors.affiliation: University of East Anglia, School of Environmental Science, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Tolhurst
authors.affiliation: Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Solan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D017753:Ecosystem; D004777:Environment; D053476:Extinction, Biological; D019015:Geologic Sediments; D011077:Polychaeta / Q000737:chemistry; D013045:Species Specificity