title: Treatment of pseudoepitheliomatous, keratotic, and micaceous balanitis with topical photodynamic therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pseudoepitheliomatous, keratotic, and micaceous balanitis (PKMB) is an extremely rare condition occurring over the glans in older men who undergo circumcision late in life. Its exact etiology is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We report a patient with PKMB that involved the meatus and led to urinary obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 57-year-old, circumcised man presented with partial urinary obstruction caused by a thick, nail-like covering on the skin of his glans penis. Based on histology, PKMB was diagnosed. There was no cytological atypia. The patient was treated successfully with topical 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) photodynamic therapy (PDT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no recurrence after 18 months of follow-up. Treatment with ALA-PDT seems to be effective and well tolerated in PKMB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case indicates that ALA-PDT may be an effective treatment option for plaque-stage PKMB and thus warrants further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.forename: Fanrong
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kong
mesh_terms: D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001446:Balanitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid