title: Dosimetric challenges of small animal irradiation with a commercial X-ray unit.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A commercial X-ray unit was recently installed at the Medical University Vienna for partial and whole body irradiation of small experimental animals. For 200 kV X-rays the dose deviations with respect to the reference dose measured in the geometrical center of the potential available field size was investigated for various experimental setup plates used for mouse irradiations. Furthermore, the HVL was measured in mm Al and mm Cu at 200 kV for two types of filtration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three different setup constructions for small animal irradiation were dosimetrically characterized, covering field sizes from 9×20 mm2 to 210×200 mm2. Different types of detectors were investigated. Additionally LiF:MG,Ti TLD chips were used for mouse in-vivo dosimetry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The use of an additional 0.5 mm Cu filter reduced the deviation of the dose between each irradiation position on the setup plates. Multiple animals were irradiated at the same time using an individual setup plate for each experimental purpose. The dose deviations of each irradiation position to the center was measured to be ±4% or better. The depth dose curve measured in a solid water phantom was more pronounced for smaller field sizes. The comparison between estimated dose and measured dose in a PMMA phantom regarding the dose decline yielded in a difference of 3.9% at 20 mm depth. In-vivo measurements in a mouse snouts irradiation model confirmed the reference dosimetry, accomplished in PMMA phantoms, in terms of administered dose and deviation within different points of measurement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The outlined experiments dealt with a wide variety of dosimetric challenges during the installation of a new X-ray unit in the laboratory. The depth dose profiles measured for different field sizes were in good agreement with literature data. Different field sizes and spatial arrangement of the animals (depending on each purpose) provide additional challenges for the dosimetric measurements. Thorough dosimetric commissioning has to be performed before a new experimental setup is approved for biological experiments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Medical Radiation Physics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Medical Radiation Research for Radiation Oncology, Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: peter.kuess@meduniwien.ac.at.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kuess
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Medical Radiation Physics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Medical Radiation Research for Radiation Oncology, Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: eva.bozsaky@meduniwien.ac.at.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bozsaky
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Medical Radiation Physics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Medical Radiation Research for Radiation Oncology, Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: johannes.hopfgartner@meduniwien.ac.at.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hopfgartner
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Medical Radiation Physics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Seifritz
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Medical Radiation Physics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Medical Radiation Research for Radiation Oncology, Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: wolfgang.doerr@medunien.ac.at.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dörr
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Medical Radiation Physics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Medical Radiation Research for Radiation Oncology, Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: dietmar.georg@meduniwien.ac.at.
authors.forename: Dietmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Georg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D051379:Mice; D008904:Miniaturization; D056888:Patient Positioning / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D061106:Radiotherapy Setup Errors / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018511:Systems Integration
keywords: Dosimetrie kleiner Felder; In-vivo-Dosimetrie bei Kleintieren; kV dosimetry; kV-Dosimetrie; small animals in-vivo dosimetry; small field dosimetry