title: Resilience and impulsivity in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stress plays an important role in the onset and recurrence of bipolar disorder (BD). Resilience is the ability to cope with stress or adversity. Few studies have examined resilience in BD, and this study aimed to investigate the clinical correlates of resilience in euthymic patients with BD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 62 outpatients with BD type I, II, and not otherwise specified (NOS) who were in remission and 62 healthy individuals matched with the BD group in terms of age and sex were recruited. All participants completed the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. A psychiatrist interviewed the subjects to assess clinical characteristics. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with resilience.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The BD group had significantly higher levels of impulsivity and lower levels of resilience compared with the control group. Degree of impulsivity, number of depressive episodes, Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scores, and length of education were significantly correlated with resilience. Attention impulsivity, non-planning impulsivity, and number of depressive episodes were associated with low levels of resilience, even when age, sex, length of education, and CGI scores were controlled.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because tertiary hospital patients were recruited, the generalizability of the findings is limited.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that low levels of resilience are related to high levels of impulsivity and to an increased number of depressive episodes in euthymic patients with BD. Given the reciprocal relationship between resilience and impulsivity, efforts to enhance resilience and reduce impulsivity may make important contributions to the treatment of patients with BD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University College of medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: cbs324@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Boseok
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jihoon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University College of medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chul-Soo
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University College of medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bong-Jo
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University College of medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Cheol-Soon
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University College of medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: So-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: Bipolar disorder; Impulsivity; Resilience; Stress