title: Copper, selenium and zinc levels after bariatric surgery in patients recommended to take multivitamin-mineral supplementation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bariatric surgery is widely performed to improve obesity-related disorders, but can lead to nutrient deficiencies. In this study we examined serum trace element concentrations before and after bariatric surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We obtained serum trace element concentrations by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method in 437 patients (82% women, median preoperative body-mass index 46.7 kg/m(2) [interquartile range 42-51]) undergoing either gastric banding (22.7%), sleeve gastrectomy (20.1%), or gastric bypass (57.3%) procedures. Trace element data were available for patients preoperatively (n = 44); and 3 (n = 208), 6 (n = 174), 12 (n = 122), 18 (n = 39), 24 (n = 44) and 36 months (n = 14) post-operatively. All patients were recommended to take a multivitamin-mineral supplement after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Copper deficiency was found in 2% of patients before surgery; and after surgery deficiency rates ranged from 0 to 5% with no significant change in median concentrations during follow-up (p = 0.68). Selenium deficiency was reported in 2% of patients before surgery; and after surgery deficiency rates ranged from 11 to 15% with a near-significant change in median concentrations (p = 0.056). Zinc deficiency was reported in 7% before surgery; and after surgery deficiency rates ranged from 7 to 15% with no significant change in median concentrations (p = 0.39).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In bariatric surgery patients recommended to take multivitamin-mineral supplements, serum copper, zinc and selenium concentrations were mostly stable during the first years after bariatric surgery. There was a possible tendency for selenium concentrations to decline during the early postoperative period.
authors.affiliation: Imperial Weight Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK; Leicester Diabetes Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK. Electronic address: ri-tis@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Papamargaritis
authors.affiliation: Imperial Weight Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Erlend T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Aasheim
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sampson
authors.affiliation: Imperial Weight Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK; Experimental Pathology, Conway Institute, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Carel W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: le Roux
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D050110:Bariatric Surgery / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003300:Copper / Q000097:blood* / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003677:Deficiency Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012643:Selenium / Q000097:blood* / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood* / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D003300:Copper; D012643:Selenium; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Bariatric surgery; Copper; Selenium; Trace elements; Zinc