title: Novel staphylococcal species that form part of a Staphylococcus aureus-related complex: the non-pigmented Staphylococcus argenteus sp. nov. and the non-human primate-associated Staphylococcus schweitzeri sp. nov.
abstract: We define two novel species of the genus Staphylococcus that are phenotypically similar to and have near identical 16S rRNA gene sequences to Staphylococcus aureus. However, compared to S. aureus and each other, the two species, Staphylococcus argenteus sp. nov. (type strain MSHR1132(T) = DSM 28299(T) = SSI 89.005(T)) and Staphylococcus schweitzeri sp. nov. (type strain FSA084(T) = DSM 28300(T) = SSI 89.004(T)), demonstrate: 1) at a whole-genome level considerable phylogenetic distance, lack of admixture, average nucleotide identity <95 %, and inferred DNA-DNA hybridization <70 %; 2) different profiles as determined by MALDI-TOF MS; 3) a non-pigmented phenotype for S. argenteus sp. nov.; 4) S. schweitzeri sp. nov. is not detected by standard nucA PCR; 5) distinct peptidoglycan types compared to S. aureus; 6) a separate ecological niche for S. schweitzeri sp. nov.; and 7) a distinct clinical disease profile for S. argenteus sp. nov. compared to S. aureus.
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.|Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
authors.forename: Steven Y C
authors.initials: SYC
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Frieder
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schaumburg
authors.affiliation: Public Health England, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ellington
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Corander
authors.affiliation: Public Health England, London, UK.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pichon
authors.affiliation: Project Group Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Leendertz
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Bentley
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parkhill
authors.affiliation: Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
authors.forename: Deborah C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
authors.forename: Philip M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Giffard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001483:Base Sequence; D002521:Cercopithecus / Q000382:microbiology; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus; D024482:Vitamin K 2 / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005227:Fatty Acids; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D024482:Vitamin K 2