title: Current applications of near-infrared fluorescence imaging in robotic urologic surgery: a systematic review and critical analysis of the literature.
abstract: Herein, we provide a systematic review and critical analysis of the current evidence on the applications of near-infrared fluorescence in robotic urologic surgery. Article selection proceeded according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses criteria. Overall, 14 studies were identified and included. Indocyanine green fluorescence imaging system has been tested for several applications, robotic partial nephrectomy representing the most studied one. Available evidence suggests this technology can be of aid in visually defining the surgical anatomy, thus ultimately facilitating the task of the console surgeon. Whether the added cost is justified by better outcomes remains to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Urology Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. Electronic address: ricautor@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Autorino
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
authors.forename: Homayoun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zargar
authors.affiliation: Department of Laparoscopic and Robotic Urologic Surgery, University Prostate and Urology Cancer Center, The University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN.
authors.forename: Wesley M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Urology Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Novara
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, San Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy.
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Annino
authors.affiliation: Urology Unit, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Pascale Foundation, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Sisto
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perdonà
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, San Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Angelis
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, OLV Vattikuti Robotic Surgery Institute, Aalst, Belgium.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mottrie
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Porpiglia
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
authors.forename: Jihad H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kaouk
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods; D061848:Optical Imaging; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D065287:Robotic Surgical Procedures; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*