title: Collagen barrier membranes may accelerate bacterial growth in vitro: a potential clinical risk to regenerative procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate the antibacterial properties of three commercial collagen membranes for guided bone regeneration (GBR).
  
  
  METHODS
  BioGide®, OsseoGuard®, and CopiOs® membranes were tested for antibacterial properties against Streptococcus sanguinis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis using a direct contact test (DCT). Samples of each membrane, sized 5 × 2 mm, were fixed to the side wall of 6 wells in a 96-well microtiter plate. Bacterial suspension was placed on each sample. The plate was incubated at 37°C for 1 hour to allow suspension fluid evaporation. Fresh medium was added to each well and the plate was mixed. Non-contaminated membrane samples served as negative control. Bacterial growth was monitored spectrophotometrically at 650 nm for 24 hours. ANOVA and Tukey's comparison tests were used for the statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of the membrane samples did not disrupt bacterial growth. However, the presence of OsseoGuard membrane accelerated bacterial growth rate of S sanguinis and S epidermidis as compared to the other two membranes and control samples (P < .001), and of S aureus as compared to the control alone (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The tested collagen membranes have no antibacterial properties. However, OsseoGuard presents a significant bacterial growth enhancement effect with possible significant clinical implications on the success of regenerative procedures around teeth and implants.
authors.forename: Shimshon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Slutzkey
authors.forename: Avital
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kozlovsky
authors.forename: Zvi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Artzi
authors.forename: Shlomo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matalon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018441:Biofilms; D002417:Cattle; D003094:Collagen; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal / Q000295:instrumentation*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000254:growth & development*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: C106416:Bio-Gide; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D003094:Collagen