title: Andrographolide inhibits melanoma tumor growth by inactivating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
abstract: The TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway plays a critical role in tumor progression. Andrographolide (Andro) has been reported to have anticancer activity in multiple types of cancer. However, the pharmacological activities of Andro in melanoma are not completely understood. In this study, we defined the anticancer effects of Andro in melanoma and elucidated its potential mechanisms of action. Our experiments showed that Andro significantly inhibited melanoma tumor growth and metastasis by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In addition, Andro significantly inhibited the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, the inactivation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of CXCR4 and Bcl-6, which are antitumor genes. This work provides evidence that the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway is a potential therapeutic target and may also be indispensable in the Andro-mediated anticancer effect in melanoma.
authors.affiliation: aGuangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Vascular Biology Research Institute bSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering cCollege of Health Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University dKey Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qian-Qian
authors.initials: QQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Da-Lei
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Hong-Ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Hai-Yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Qu-Liang
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Xiao-Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Cui-Ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: Jiang-Chao
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Xiao-Yun
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xuesong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wei-Dong
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Li-Jing
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000556:secondary; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D047368:Tumor Burden / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004224:Diterpenes; D016328:NF-kappa B; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; C030419:andrographolide