title: Current status for gastrointestinal nematode diagnosis in small ruminants: where are we and where are we going?
abstract: Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasites pose a significant economic burden particularly in small ruminant production systems. Anthelmintic resistance is a serious concern to the effective control of GIN parasites and has fuelled the focus to design and promote sustainable control of practices of parasite control. Many facets of sustainable GIN parasite control programs rely on the ability to diagnose infection both qualitatively and quantitatively. Diagnostics are required to determine anthelmintic efficacies, for targeted treatment programs and selection of animals for parasite resistant breeding. This review describes much of the research investigated to date to improve the current diagnostic for the above practices which is based on counting the number of parasite eggs in faeces.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Laboratories, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
authors.forename: Sarah Jane Margaret
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Preston
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, Federation University, Northways Road, Churchill, VIC 3841, Australia.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0812-5823
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sandeman
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, Arucas, Las Palmas 35413, Spain.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Sciences & Engineering, Faculty of Science, Gippsland, Northways Road, Churchill, VIC 3841, Australia.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Piedrafita
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000494:pharmacology; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D009348:Nematoda / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D009349:Nematode Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010270:Parasite Egg Count; D012418:Ruminants / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth