title: Medium-chain triglyceride supplementation exacerbates peritonitis-induced septic shock in rats: role on cell membrane remodeling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lipid emulsions for parenteral nutrition interfere with immunity and may alter the cell plasma membrane and microparticle release, thus modulating their biological effects. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of two lipid emulsions for parenteral nutrition containing either a mixture of long- and medium-chain triglycerides (LCTs and MCTs) or LCTs only, to assess their role on microparticle release and acute inflammation during septic shock in rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Septic rats (cecal ligation and puncture) and sham rats were infused with 5% dextrose or a lipid emulsion during 22 h. After 18 h, rats were resuscitated during 4 h and hemodynamic parameters monitored. Circulating microparticles and their phenotype were measured by prothrombinase assay; heart and aorta were collected for Western blotting and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements. No significant effect of lipid emulsions was observed in sham rats. In septic rats, norepinephrine requirements were increased in MCT/LCT-infused rats compared with 5% dextrose- or LCT-infused rats (2.7 ± 0.2 vs. 1.9 ± 0.8 and 1.2 ± 0.3 μg/kg per minute, respectively; P < 0.05) with increased procoagulant microparticle generation (38.6 ± 5.8 vs. 18.8 ± 3.1 and 19.2 ± 3.0 nM equivalent phosphatidylserine [Eq PhtdSer]; P < 0.05), leukocyte- (17.4 ± 3.5 vs. 7.7 ± 1.8 and 6.0 ± 1.1 nM Eq PhtdSer; P < 0.05), platelet- (13.9 ± 2.5 vs. 4.4 ± 0.7 and 5.4 ± 1.3 nM Eq PhtdSer; P < 0.05), and endothelial-derived microparticles (16.9 ± 3.6 vs. 6.4 ± 1.4 and 5.6 ± 0.8 nM Eq PhtdSer; P < 0.05). The mixture of MCTs/LCTs significantly increased cardiac and vascular nitric oxide and superoxide anion production, phosphorylated IκB, and cyclooxygenase 2 expression compared with the lipid emulsion containing only LCTs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with 5% dextrose, MCT/LCT supplementation during septic shock in rats induced deleterious effects with increased inflammation and cell activation, associated to vascular hyporeactivity. During septic shock, LCT supplementation seemed to be neutral compared with 5% dextrose infusion.
authors.affiliation: *Service de Réanimation Médicale, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; and †EA 3072, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg; and ‡Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, and §SVTT, EA 7293, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boisramé-Helms
authors.forename: Amissi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Said
authors.forename: Mélanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burban
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Delabranche
authors.forename: Laure
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stiel
authors.forename: Fatiha
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zobairi
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasselmann
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schini-Kerth
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Toti
authors.forename: Ferhat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meziani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D003029:Coagulants / Q000737:chemistry; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry; D006439:Hemodynamics; D007249:Inflammation; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008863:Microspheres; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D057947:Parenteral Nutrition Solutions / Q000737:chemistry; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003029:Coagulants; D004655:Emulsions; D008055:Lipids; D057947:Parenteral Nutrition Solutions; D014280:Triglycerides; D013481:Superoxides; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D005947:Glucose