title: Description of the population structure and genetic diversity of tuberculosis in Estado de México, a low prevalence setting from Mexico.
abstract: In order to identify the genetic characteristics of the strains of mycobacteria circulating in the Estado de México, one of the states with the lowest prevalence of tuberculosis in Mexico, spoligotyping and 12-loci MIRU-VNTR typing were used to genotype tuberculosis clinical isolates. The average age of the 183 patients analyzed was 50 (± 17) years, drug resistance was noted in 57 (31%) and multidrug resistance in 22 (12%) individuals. The results from the isolates recovered showed that 80% were located in four major Euro-American lineages: Haarlem (17%), LAM (15%), T (20%) and X (29%). Other lineages found in lower proportions were: EAI, S, Beijing, West African, Turkey, Vole and Bovis. Eighteen isolates were orphans. Only 57 isolates were grouped in nine clusters and the SIT119 (X1) showed the highest number of members (23). The LAM lineage showed an increased risk for development of drug resistance (RR=4, IC: 95%: 1.05-14.2, p = 0.03). Despite the important prevalence of four major lineages found and the diversity of strains circulating in the population, we found the presence of one of the largest populations of isolates clustered to the X lineage in a setting from a Latin American country.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Jalapa, Veracruz, México.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zenteno-Cuevas
authors.forename: Fabiola
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mendoza-Damián
authors.forename: Irving Cansino
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: Leonor
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Enciso-Moreno
authors.forename: Lucia Monserrat
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Pérez-Navarro
authors.forename: Ma Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Hernández
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Medina
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Widrobo-García
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lauzardo
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Enciso-Moreno
mesh_terms: D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D058889:Molecular Typing; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015995:Prevalence; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial
keywords: Estado de México; X lineage; spoligotyping