title: Serum amyloid A and clusterin as potential predictive biomarkers for severe hand, foot and mouth disease by 2D-DIGE proteomics analysis.
abstract: Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) affects more than one million children, is responsible for several hundred child deaths every year in China and is the cause of widespread concerns in society. Only a small fraction of HFMD cases will develop further into severe HFMD with neurologic complications. A timely and accurate diagnosis of severe HFMD is essential for assessing the risk of progression and planning the appropriate treatment. Human serum can reflect the physiological or pathological states, which is expected to be an excellent source of disease-specific biomarkers. In the present study, a comparative serological proteome analysis between severe HFMD patients and healthy controls was performed via a two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) strategy. Fifteen proteins were identified as differentially expressed in the sera of the severe HFMD patients compared with the controls. The identified proteins were classified into different groups according to their molecular functions, biological processes, protein classes and physiological pathways by bioinformatics analysis. The up-regulations of two identified proteins, serum amyloid A (SAA) and clusterin (CLU), were confirmed in the sera of the HFMD patients by ELISA assay. This study not only increases our background knowledge about and scientific insight into the mechanisms of HFMD, but also reveals novel potential biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis of severe HFMD.
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Peiwu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Yaqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Xu
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Xifei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Yanxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Wenjian
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Renli
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Zhiguang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Dejian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Huixia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xian
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Dongli
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Linqing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Yundong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Xiaozhen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Jinquan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D002675:Child, Preschool; D051152:Clusterin / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006232:Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010455:Peptides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D040901:Proteomics; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D057825:Two-Dimensional Difference Gel Electrophoresis; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D051152:Clusterin; D010455:Peptides; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein