title: Trends in pharmacists' medication order review in French hospitals from 2006 to 2009: analysis of pharmacists' interventions from the Act-IP© website observatory.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The French Society of Clinical Pharmacy has developed a website, named Act-IP©, enabling hospital pharmacists to document and analyse pharmacists' interventions (PIs) proposed during medication order review when a drug-related problem is detected. This study analyses PIs documented in Act-IP© and assesses factors associated with physicians' acceptance of PIs.
  
  
  METHODS
  PIs documented into Act-IP© over a 30-month period were analysed. Independent predictors of physicians' acceptance were assessed using multiple logistic regression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A total of 34,522 PIs were registered by 201 pharmacists working in 59 hospitals. PIs were mostly related to 'dose adjustment' (25%), 'drug discontinuation' (20%) and 'drug switch' (19%). Of the 43,343 medications involved, 28% targeted drugs acting on the central nervous system, 17% anti-infective drugs and 16% cardiovascular drugs. Sixty-eight per cent of PIs were accepted by physicians (15% refusals and 17% non-assessable). Physicians' acceptance was significantly associated with 1/ drug group: antineoplastics and immunomodulators (OR = 2.29, CI 95[1.94-2.69]), anti-infectives (OR = 1.19, CI 95 [1.11-1.28]); 2/ type of intervention: drug switch (OR = 1.54, CI 95 [1.43-1.65]), drug discontinuation (OR = 1.38, CI 95 [1.29-1.48]), administration modality optimization (OR = 1.19, CI 95 [1.11-1.29]), addition of a new drug (OR = 1.12, CI 95 [1.00-1.24]); 3/ ward specialty: paediatrics (OR = 1.83, CI 95 [1.24-2.70]) and intensive care (OR = 1.34, CI 95 [1.10-1.64]); 4/ level of pharmacist integration in the ward: higher when the pharmacist is regularly in the ward compared with occasionally (OR = 0.74, CI 95 [0.70-0.79]) or never (OR = 0.68, CI 95 [0.60-0.75]) present.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlights the role of routine pharmacist review of medication orders to prevent drug-related problems and gives new insights for a successful collaboration between physicians and pharmacists.
authors.affiliation: Grenoble-Alpes University/CNRS, ThEMAS TIMC UMR 5525, Grenoble, France; Pharmacy Department, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bedouch
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sylvoz
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Charpiat
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Juste
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roubille
authors.forename: F-X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: J-L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bosson
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Conort
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Allenet
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D050316:Medical Order Entry Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010595:Pharmacists; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010819:Physician's Role; D012957:Societies, Pharmaceutical; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: clinical pharmacy; drug-related problems; hospital; pharmacists' intervention