title: Ciona intestinalis interleukin 17-like genes expression is upregulated by LPS challenge.
abstract: In humans, IL-17 is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays a key role in the clearance of extracellular bacteria promoting cell infiltration and production of several cytokines and chemokines. Here, we report on three Ciona intestinalis IL-17 homologues (CiIL17-1, CiIL17-2, CiIL17-3). The gene organization, phylogenetic tree and modeling supported the close relationship with the mammalian IL-17A and IL-17F suggesting that the C. intestinalis IL-17 genes share a common ancestor in the chordate lineages. Real time PCR analysis showed a prompt expression induced by LPS inoculation suggesting that they are involved in the first phase of inflammatory response. In situ hybridization assays disclosed that the genes transcription was upregulated in the pharynx, the main organ of the ascidian immune system, and expressed by hemocytes (granulocytes and univacuolar refractile granulocyte) inside the pharynx vessels.
authors.affiliation: Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Chemical Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Aiti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vizzini
authors.affiliation: Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Chemical Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Felicia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Di Falco
authors.affiliation: Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Chemical Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Parrinello
authors.affiliation: Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Chemical Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Antonietta
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sanfratello
authors.affiliation: Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Chemical Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mazzarella
authors.affiliation: Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Chemical Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicolò
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Parrinello
authors.affiliation: Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Chemical Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy. Electronic address: matteo.cammarata@unipa.it.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cammarata
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002938:Ciona intestinalis / Q000276:immunology*; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D020381:Interleukin-17; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D020033:Protein Isoforms
keywords: Ascidian; Ciona intestinalis; Hemocyte; IL17; Inflammation; Interleukin; LPS