title: Investigating urachal carcinoma for more than 15 years.
abstract: Urachal carcinomas are rare bladder malignances, which usually present at an advanced stage with a high risk of distant metastases and a poor prognosis. To improve understanding of this uncommon carcinoma, a retrospective review was conducted for the cases observed at Peking University Shenzhen Hospital and Peking University First Hospital. The clinical outcomes were analyzed for 17 patients with a diagnosis of urachal cancer, who were admitted to Peking University Shenzhen Hospital (Shenzhen, China) and Peking University First Hospital (Beijing, China) between 1998 and 2013. The TNM staging system was used to predict outcomes. Among the 17 study patients, there were 10 males and seven females, with a median age at diagnosis of 50 years. A total of four (23%) patients presented with lymph node or distant metastasis. The median overall survival time for all stages was 57.6 months, with five patients (38.4%) alive for more than five years following treatment. The application of the TNM staging system demonstrated a median survival time of 6.2 years for stage I/II patients, compared with a median survival of 1.8 years (log-rank, P<0.001) for patients with advanced disease (stages III and IV). In addition, no significant correlation was observed between tumor size and age, and survival. In conclusion, urachal carcinomas are usually locally advanced at presentation. Surgical excision remains the predominant choice of treatment and lymph node dissection is not required unless lymph node involvement is confirmed by preoperative examination. The current results indicated that the most significant predictor of prognosis was the tumor grade.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China ; Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China ; The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Duqun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China ; Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China ; The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yifan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China ; Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China ; The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zuhu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China ; The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China ; Department of Urology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhengming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China ; The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Liangchao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China ; The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yaoting
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gui
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China ; The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shangqi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China ; The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China ; Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Bentao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China ; The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yongqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lai
keywords: survival; tumor grade; urachal carcinoma