title: Intravitreal Ranibizumab as Palliative Therapy for Iris Metastasis Complicated With Refractory Secondary Glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a case where iris metastasis was the presenting sign of hitherto undiagnosed non-small cell lung carcinoma. The diagnostic approach and patient management are discussed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 51-year-old man presented with pain due to an iris mass and neovascular glaucoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Systemic evaluation subsequently led to the diagnosis of non-small cell lung carcinoma and the iris mass was considered metastatic. The patient refused any systemic therapy and accepted only intervention for ocular pain relief. Ranibizumab was administered intravitreally and resulted in subsidence of iris mass and new vessels and pain relief, which enhanced the patient's quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first known report where intravitreal injection of ranibizumab was used as palliative treatment for refractory neovascular glaucoma due to iris metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Departments of *Ophthalmology †Cytology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Olga E
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Makri
authors.forename: Chara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Psachoulia
authors.forename: Artemis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Exarchou
authors.forename: Constantinos D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Georgakopoulos
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D058447:Eye Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D015355:Glaucoma, Neovascular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D015811:Iris Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care; D011788:Quality of Life; D000069579:Ranibizumab / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000069579:Ranibizumab