title: Anal squamous cell carcinoma: an evolution in disease and management.
abstract: Anal cancer represents less than 1% of all new cancers diagnosed annually in the United States. Yet, despite the relative paucity of cases, the incidence of anal cancer has seen a steady about 2% rise each year over the last decade. As such, all healthcare providers need to be cognizant of the evaluation and treatment of anal squamous cell carcinoma. While chemoradiation remains the mainstay of therapy for most patients with anal cancer, surgery may still be required in recurrent, recalcitrant and palliative disease. In this manuscript, we will explore the diagnosis and management of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus.
authors.affiliation: Marc C Osborne, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55415, United States.
authors.forename: Marc C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Osborne
authors.affiliation: Marc C Osborne, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55415, United States.
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maykel
authors.affiliation: Marc C Osborne, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55415, United States.
authors.forename: Eric K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Marc C Osborne, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55415, United States.
authors.forename: Scott R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Steele
mesh_terms: D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D006801:Humans; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Anal cancer; Anal intraepithelial neoplasia; Anal neoplasm; Cancer screening; Chemoradiation therapy; Drug therapy; Nigro protocol; Radiotherapy; Squamous cell cancer