title: Surgical treatment of intra-articular calcaneal fractures.
abstract: Most intra-articular calcaneal fractures are a result of high-energy trauma. The operative management of calcaneal fractures has been based on achieving anatomic reduction and minimizing complications of the compromised soft tissue envelope. The traditional extensile lateral approach offers advantages of achieving adequate fracture reduction with the risk of wound-healing complications and infection. Limited open reduction and internal fixation techniques with or without using external fixation focuses on achieving fracture reduction with less risk of wound complications but higher risk of malunion. This article discusses key points of operative management for various intra-articular calcaneal fracture patterns and clinical presentations.
authors.affiliation: Foot and Ankle Surgery, VSAS Orthopaedics, Lehigh Valley Hospital, 1250 South Cedar Crest Boulevard, Suite # 110, Allentown, PA 18103, USA; Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA. Electronic address: jostaple@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Stapleton
authors.affiliation: Reconstructive Foot and Ankle Surgery, Division of Podiatric Medicine and Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive MSC 7776, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zgonis
mesh_terms: D001858:Bone Nails; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000293:injuries*; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000502:physiology; D005597:Fractures, Open / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D057072:Intra-Articular Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D017695:Soft Tissue Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery
keywords: External fixation; Internal fixation; Intra-articular calcaneal fractures; Reconstruction; Surgery