title: Association of dietary fiber intake with serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in Urban Asian-Indian adults with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is little data correlating dietary fibre (DF) intake and cardiovascular risk in Asian Indians with diabetes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the DF intake and its association with lipid profile (total serum cholesterol and low density lipoprotein [LDL] - cholesterol levels) in urban Asian Indians with diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dietary assessment using validated Food Frequency Questionnaire was conducted in 1191 free-living adults with known diabetes in the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study. Subjects taking medication for dyslipidemia, and those with cardiovascular disease and implausible energy intake (n = 262) were excluded, leaving 929 participants. Anthropometric and relevant biochemical parameters were measured using standardized techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diabetic individuals who consumed DF < median intake (29 g/day) had a higher prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (49.5% vs. 40.1% [P = 0.01]) and higher LDL cholesterol (46.2% vs. 35.5% [P = 0.001]) than those in the > median intake of DF group. The risk of hypercholesterolemia (odds ratio [OR] =1.38 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.85], P = 0.04), and high LDL cholesterol (OR: 1.43 [95% CI: 1.06-1.94], P = 0.02) was higher among those whose DF intake was less than the median. Serum triglycerides and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were not associated with DF intake. The main sources of DF were vegetables and legumes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In urban Asian Indians with diabetes, lower DF intake is positively related to total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Foods Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Shreya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Narayan
authors.affiliation: Department of Foods Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Nagarajan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lakshmipriya
authors.affiliation: Department of Foods Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Ruchi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vaidya
authors.affiliation: Department of Foods Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Mookambika Ramya
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Department of Foods Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Vasudevan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sudha
authors.affiliation: Department of Foods Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Kamala
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krishnaswamy
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Ranjit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Unnikrishnan
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Ranjit Mohan
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Anjana
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Viswanathan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mohan
keywords: Asian Indians; Chennai urban rural epidemiology study; dietary fibre; low density lipoprotein; total cholesterol; type 2 diabetes