title: [HIV/AIDS stigma in Africa: analysis of its forms and manifestations in Burkina Faso].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Negative impact of stigma on HIV care and prevention is documented. Qualitative approaches were used to describe its importance in Burkina Faso (1% of HIV prevalence) and need to be completed by quantitative estimations of the main manifestations and categories of stigma.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the MATCH study (Multi-country African Study on Testing and Counselling for HIV) conducted in 2007-2008, 219 people tested HIV positive (PLWHA) were interviewed by means of a quantitative questionnaire. One of the topics concerned their experience of the consequences of HIV positive results using 20 items on stigma manifestations, classified into 3 categories: stigma in health care services (7 items), interpersonal stigma (10 items) and internal stigma (3 items).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Internal stigma is the major category experienced by PLWHA in Burkina Faso (46%) compared to 40% for interpersonal stigma and 11% for stigma in health care facilities). PLWHA who disclosed their HIV result, widows or separated persons, those with a lower level of education, PLWHA who joined community-based organizations are more likely to experience interpersonal stigma. Stigma in health care facilities is more frequently reported by PLWHA who joined community-based organizations. Internal stigma affects all PLWHA, with no significant differences in terms of age categories or gender.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antiretroviral scaling-up programmes must integrate more adapted psychology support aspects. Psychosocial activities, targeting persons and not groups, must be part of PLWHA care in Burkina Faso, especially in community-based organizations.
authors.forename: Odette
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ky-Zerbo
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Desclaux
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Somé
authors.forename: Khalil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: El Asmar
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Msellati
authors.forename: Carla Makhlouf
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Obermeyer
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D002050:Burkina Faso; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057545:Social Stigma; D055815:Young Adult