title: Decontamination of hard cheeses by pulsed UV light.
abstract: Cheese is a ready-to-eat food that may be contaminated on the surface by undesirable spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms during production, packaging, and postpackaging processes. Penicillium roqueforti is commonly found on cheese surfaces at refrigeration temperatures and is one of the most common spoilage fungal species. Consumption of cheese contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes can result in foodborne listeriosis. Therefore, cheese should be decontaminated at postprocessing stages. Pulsed UV light is a nonthermal method for food preservation that involves the use of intense short pulses to ensure microbial decontamination on the surface of foods or packaging materials. In this study, the efficacy of pulsed UV light for inactivation of P. roqueforti and L. monocytogenes inoculated onto packaged and unpackaged hard cheeses was investigated. Treatment times and the distance from the UV strobe were evaluated to determine optimum treatment conditions. Packaged and unpackaged cheeses were treated at distances of 5, 8, and 13 cm for up to 60 s. For P. roqueforti, maximum reduction after 40 s at 5 cm was 1.32 log CFU/cm(2) on unpackaged cheese and 1.24 log CFU/cm(2) on packaged cheese. Reductions of L. monocytogenes under the same treatment conditions were about 2.9 and 2.8 log CFU/cm(2) on packaged and unpackaged cheeses, respectively. The temperature changes and total energy increases were directly proportional to treatment time and inversely proportional to distance between the UV lamp and the samples. The changes in color and lipid oxidation were determined at mild (5 s at 13 cm), moderate (30 s at 8 cm), and extreme (40 s at 5 cm) treatments. The color and chemical quality of cheeses were not significantly different after mild treatments (P > 0.05). The mechanical properties of the plastic packaging material (polypropylene) also were evaluated after mild, moderate, and extreme treatments. A decreasing trend was noted for elastic modulus; however, no significant differences were found between untreated samples and those given mild and moderate treatments (P > 0.05). Overall, these results indicate that pulsed UV light can inactivate P. roqueforti and L. monocytogenes on the surface of hard cheeses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
authors.forename: Fidan O
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Can
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA; Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA. demirci@psu.edu.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Demirci
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
authors.forename: Virendra M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Puri
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gourama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002611:Cheese / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003666:Decontamination / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D005516:Food Microbiology / Q000379:methods*; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes; D010407:Penicillium; D011786:Quality Control; D013696:Temperature; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000737:chemistry; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances