title: Molecular detection of knockdown resistance (kdr) in Blattella germanica (Blattodea: Blattellidae) from northwestern Iran.
abstract: Pyrethroid insecticides are highly insecticidal compounds that are widely used against the German cockroach, a significant household insect pest. In several insect species, there is a point mutation in the para-type sodium channel gene associated with knockdown resistance (kdr). In the current study, genomic DNA was analyzed in the region where the kdr and super-kdr (an enhanced form of pyrethroid resistance) mutations reside in Blatella germanica (L., 1767) (Blattodea: Blattellidae) collected from Iran. Studies on the extracted DNA from hand-captured German cockroach specimens were conducted by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing to detect related mutations. The kdr mutation, substitution of G for C (L1014F), which results in amino acid replacement (leucine with phenylalanine), was detected in all 18 sequenced specimens from three different locations. However, the super-kdr mutation (M918T), which is detected in super-kdr house flies, was not found in the sequences of the current study. The high ratio of the kdr mutation in a field population of B. germanica in Urmia confirms that the individuals are homozygous. These data should be helpful in designing and implementing a control program and resistance management.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gholizadeh
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nouroozi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ladonni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020048:Blattellidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D003710:Demography; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007492:Iran; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides