title: Arctiin blocks hydrogen peroxide-induced senescence and cell death though microRNA expression changes in human dermal papilla cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accumulating evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are an important etiological factor for the induction of dermal papilla cell senescence and hair loss, which is also known alopecia. Arctiin is an active lignin isolated from Arctium lappa and has anti-inflammation, anti-microbial, and anti-carcinogenic effects. In the present study, we found that arctiin exerts anti-oxidative effects on human hair dermal papilla cells (HHDPCs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  To better understand the mechanism, we analyzed the level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cytotoxicity, cell death, ROS production and senescence after arctiin pretreatment of HHDPCs. The results showed that arctiin pretreatment significantly inhibited the H2O2-induced reduction in cell viability. Moreover, H2O2-induced sub-G1 phase accumulation and G2 cell cycle arrest were also downregulated by arctiin pretreatment. Interestingly, the increase in intracellular ROS mediated by H2O2 was drastically decreased in HHDPCs cultured in the presence of arctiin. This effect was confirmed by senescence associated-beta galactosidase (SA-β-gal) assay results; we found that arctiin pretreatment impaired H2O2-induced senescence in HHDPCs. Using microRNA (miRNA) microarray and bioinformatic analysis, we showed that this anti-oxidative effect of arctiin in HHDPCs was related with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Wnt signaling pathways.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, our data suggest that arctiin has a protective effect on ROS-induced cell dysfunction in HHDPCs and may therefore be useful for alopecia prevention and treatment strategies.
authors.affiliation: Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea. sbae@konkuk.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Seunghee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea. km09252000@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Kyung Mi
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea. michael83@naver.com.
authors.forename: Hwa Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.affiliation: Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea. anis@skinresearch.or.kr.
authors.forename: In-Sook
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: Coreana Cosmetics Co., Ltd, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-833, Republic of Korea. mile@coreana.co.kr.
authors.forename: Jeong Pyo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Coreana Cosmetics Co., Ltd, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-833, Republic of Korea. kslee@coreana.co.kr.
authors.forename: Kwang Sik
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Coreana Cosmetics Co., Ltd, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-833, Republic of Korea. leektt@coreana.co.kr.
authors.forename: Ghang Tai
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Coreana Cosmetics Co., Ltd, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-833, Republic of Korea. kunkook@coreana.co.kr.
authors.forename: Kun Kook
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea. 20110130@kuh.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Ho Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea. kjahn@kuh.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Kyu Joong
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea. ansfgrc@konkuk.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sungkwan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: An
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D020405:Dermis / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005663:Furans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018859:Hair Follicle / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D005663:Furans; D005960:Glucosides; D035683:MicroRNAs; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; C077992:arctiin