title: Tunnel collision during simultaneous anterior cruciate ligament and posterolateral corner reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To verify the safest angle to drill femoral tunnels in simultaneous anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterolateral corner (PLC) reconstructions to minimize the risk of tunnel collision and to examine the relationship between lateral femoral condyle (LFC) width and tunnel collision occurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten fresh-frozen cadaveric knees were used. In each knee, anatomical single-bundle ACL femoral tunnels were arthroscopically drilled at 120 and 140 degrees of flexion, and tunnels for popliteus tendon (PLT) and fibular collateral ligament (FCL) were drilled at 20° axial/20° coronal angulations and 10° axial/30° coronal angulations. Three-dimensional computed tomography exams of the knees were performed. The presence of tunnel collision was evaluated, and the minimal distance between tunnels and the LFC width was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Risk of tunnel collision was significantly increased if FCL and PLT tunnels were drilled at 10° axial/30° coronal angulation (P < 0.05). Tunnel collision was noted in only one knee when FCL and PLT tunnels were drilled at 20° axial/20° coronal angulations. Knees with smaller LFC width had significantly higher risk for tunnel collision (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Drilling PLT and FCL femoral tunnels at 20° axial/20° coronal angulation is a safe positioning for simultaneous ACL and PLC reconstructions. However, in smaller knees, the risk for tunnel collision could be greater. Surgeons should consider the possibility of tunnel collision when performing simultaneous ACL and PLC anatomical reconstruction, especially in knees with a small LFC width where the risk for tunnel collision could be greater.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Catholic University of São Paulo and Unimed Hospital, Rua Jouberte Wey, 290, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil. juliogali@globo.com.|Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Unimed Hospital, R. Antônia Dias Petri, 135, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil. juliogali@globo.com.|, R. Caracas, 418, Sorocaba, SP, 18046-718, Brazil. juliogali@globo.com.
authors.forename: Julio Cesar
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gali
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Catholic University of São Paulo and Unimed Hospital, Rua Jouberte Wey, 290, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adilio de Paula
authors.initials: Ade P
authors.lastname: Bernardes
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Catholic University of São Paulo and Unimed Hospital, Rua Jouberte Wey, 290, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo Cantarelli
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Catholic University of São Paulo and Unimed Hospital, Rua Jouberte Wey, 290, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago Carrazone
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Catholic University of São Paulo and Unimed Hospital, Rua Jouberte Wey, 290, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.|Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Unimed Hospital, R. Antônia Dias Petri, 135, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco Antonio Pires
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Almagro
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Catholic University of São Paulo and Unimed Hospital, Rua Jouberte Wey, 290, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.|Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Unimed Hospital, R. Antônia Dias Petri, 135, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Phelipe Augusto Cintra
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: da Silva
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D059549:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction / Q000379:methods*; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: Articular; Knee injuries; Ligaments; Surgery