title: Equine influenza virus.
abstract: For decades the horse has been viewed as an isolated or "dead-end" host for influenza A viruses, with equine influenza virus being considered as relatively stable genetically. Although equine influenza viruses are genetically more stable than those of human lineage, they are by no means in evolutionary stasis. Moreover, recent transmission of equine-lineage influenza viruses to dogs also challenges the horse's status as a dead-end host. This article reviews recent developments in the epidemiology and evolution of equine influenza virus. In addition, the clinical presentation of equine influenza infection, diagnostic techniques, and vaccine recommendations are briefly summarized.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. Electronic address: Landoltg@colostate.edu.
authors.forename: Gabriele A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Landolt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000821:virology; D004285:Dogs; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology*; D006736:Horses; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines
keywords: Control; Diagnosis; Epidemiology; Influenza A virus; Virus evolution