title: Combined swimming and soybean intake reduce early atherosclerotic lesions and serum oxidative stress in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Physical exercise and soybean intake reduced oxidative stress and atherosclerosis. However, the associated effects of both interventions have not been yet investigated. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the combined effects of swimming and soybean intake on lipid profile, oxidative stress and atherogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten-week-old male Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Knockout mice were divided into 4 groups (N.=8 for each group): control diet without swimming; control diet with swimming; soybean rich diet without swimming and soybean rich diet with swimming. Diets were based on American Institute of Nutrition 93 Growth. The diet of soybean groups was made by soybean extract contained isoflavones. The animals in the exercise groups underwent a 6-week swimming program five times per week. Plasma lipid profile was determined using enzymatic kits. Oxidative stress was measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, hydroperoxide and the lipid oxidation resistance determinations. Atherosclerotic lesions were calculated by morphometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Soybean intake increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Moreover, soybean and exercise individually reduced hepatic oxidative stress and atherogenesis in aortic valve. No additional effect was seen in soybean+exercise group. However, the association of soybean and exercise reduced the percentage of lesion area in arch, thoracic and abdominal aorta and increased serum antioxidant potential.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Soybean intake and swimming are beneficial in reducing atherosclerosis besides improving lipid profile and reducing lipid peroxidation. The association of soybean and swimming aggregates beneficial effects in serum antioxidant potential and in aorta lesion.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil - tatifonseca6@gmail.com.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ramos Fonseca
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gomes-Santos
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rodrigues Fernandes
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alves Ramos
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Torres Cabido
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Teixeira Mendes
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Resende Viana Lima
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Leite
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013550:Swimming