title: Calcaneotalar ratio: a new concept in the estimation of the length of the calcaneus.
abstract: Maintaining the calcaneal length after calcaneal fractures is vital to restoring the normal biomechanics of the foot, because it acts as an important lever arm to the plantarflexors of the foot. However, estimation of the length of the calcaneus to be reconstructed in comminuted calcaneal fractures can be difficult. We propose a new method to reliably estimate the calcaneal length radiographically by defining the calcaneotalar length ratio. A total of 100 ankle radiographs with no fracture in the calcaneus or talus taken in skeletally mature patients were reviewed by 6 observers. The anteroposterior lengths of the calcaneus and talus were measured, and the calcaneotalar length ratio was determined. The ratio was then used to estimate the length of the calcaneus. Interobserver reliability was determined using Cronbach's α coefficient and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The mean length of the calcaneus was 75 ± 0.6 mm, and the mean length of the talus was 59 ± 0.5 mm. The calcaneotalar ratio was 1.3. Using this ratio and multiplying it by the talar length, the mean average estimated length of the calcaneus was within 0.7 mm of the known calcaneal length. Cronbach's α coefficient and Pearson's correlation coefficient showed excellent interobserver reliability. The proposed calcaneotalar ratio is a new and reliable method to radiographically estimate the normal length of the calcaneus when reconstructing the calcaneus.
authors.affiliation: Bendigo Health, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: vikramdavid@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Vikram
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: David
authors.affiliation: Bendigo Health, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Terry J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.affiliation: Bendigo Health, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Radek
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kindl
authors.affiliation: Bendigo Health, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ang
authors.affiliation: Hunter New England Health, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Wei-Han
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Tay
authors.affiliation: Bendigo Health, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Rafik
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Asaid
authors.affiliation: Bendigo Health, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McCullough
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D013628:Talus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
keywords: ORIF; calcaneus; open reduction internal fixation; radiograph; surgery; trauma