title: Trauma symptoms for men and women in substance abuse treatment: a latent transition analysis.
abstract: Differences in trauma symptoms among men and women in two court-involved substance abuse treatment programs were examined using latent transition analysis (LTA). It was hypothesized that women would be more likely to report clinical-level trauma symptoms than would men, but that both groups would show reductions in symptoms over time. Symptom classifications were determined by the LTA. Scores on the Trauma Symptom Inventory (TSI) were obtained on 381 program participants, 112 men and 269 women, at intake and after 6 months in treatment. Three ordered classes were obtained for men and women at each time point: non-clinical (no TSI scales elevated), moderate symptoms (1 or 2 scales elevated) and severe symptoms (all scales elevated). Men were more likely to be represented in the non-clinical class at intake, while women had higher representation in the severe symptoms classification. There was a reduction of trauma symptoms for most men and women, but some groupings had symptoms that remained the same or became worse over time. Using gender and trauma-symptoms to help determine interventions is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Counseling, Clinical & School Psychology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. Electronic address: cosden@education.ucsb.edu.
authors.forename: Merith
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cosden
authors.affiliation: Department of Counseling, Clinical & School Psychology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Counseling, Clinical & School Psychology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
authors.forename: Megan T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Donahue
authors.affiliation: Department of Education, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nylund-Gibson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D063189:Symptom Assessment; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Gender; LTA; Outcomes; Trauma; Trauma-focused