title: Optimal criteria for microscopic review of urinalysis following use of automated urine analyzer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Sysmex UX-2000 is a new, fully automated integrated urine analyzer. This device analyzes all physical and chemical characteristics of urine and sediments in urine on single platform. Because sediment analysis by fluorescent flow cytometry has limited ability to classify some formed elements present in urine (e.g., casts), laboratories should develop criteria for manual microscopic examination of urinalysis following the use of the automated urine analyzer.
  
  
  METHODS
  399 urine samples were collected from routine workload. All samples were analyzed on the automated analyzer and were then compared to the results of the manual microscopic method to establish optimal criteria. Another set of 599 samples was then used to validate the optimized criteria. The efficiency of criteria and review rate were calculated. The false-positive and false-negative cases were enumerated and clarified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We can set 11 rules which are related to the parameters categorized by the UX-2000, including cells, casts, crystals, organisms, sperm, and flags. After optimizing the rules, the review rate was 54.1% and the false-negative rate was 2.8%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of both UX-2000 and manual microscopic method obtain the best results. The UX-2000 improves efficiency by reducing the time and labor associated with the specimen analysis process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol university, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Varanya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Khejonnit
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol university, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Busadee
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pratumvinit
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol university, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kanit
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reesukumal
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol university, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Suriya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meepanya
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol university, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Chanutchaya
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pattanavin
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol university, Bangkok, Thailand. Electronic address: preechaya.wok@mahidol.ac.th.
authors.forename: Preechaya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wongkrajang
mesh_terms: D001322:Autoanalysis; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D006801:Humans; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Automated urine analyzer; Automation; Sysmex UX-2000; Urinalysis; Urine microscopy