title: Patterns of antibacterials use in intensive care units.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To know and compare the patterns of antimicrobials use in intensive care units (ICUs) based on the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical/Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD) system.
  
  
  METHODS
  a prospective cohort study was conducted in three medical-surgical intensive care units, two of them in public hospitals and one in a private hospital. Simple random, independent samples of patients admitted from 10/2004 to 09/2005 to the selected intensive care units were used. The antibiotics use was assessed using the ATC/DDD system. The amount of antibacterials used in each intensive care unit, in grams, was transformed in daily defined dose (DDD). The number of DDDs was divided by the number of patient-days, multiplied by one thousand, to obtain the average density of consumption (DC) per thousand patient-days (DDD1000).
  
  
  RESULTS
  1,728 patients-days and 2,918.6 DDDs were examined in the three intensive care units, corresponding to an average density of consumption of 1,689.0 DDD1000. The median number of DDDs of antibiotics use in the public hospitals intensive care units was significantly higher (p=0.002) versus the private hospitals intensive care unit. The consumption of antibiotics in the private hospitals intensive care unit (DC=2,191.7 DDD1000) was significantly higher (p<0.001) versus the intensive care units of public hospitals (1,499.5 DDD1000). The most used antibiotics groups in the three intensive care units were 3rd generation cephalosporins, penicillins/betalactamases inhibitors, carbapenems and fluorquinolones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pattern of antibiotics use in the three examined intensive care units was not uniform. The private hospitals intensive care unit used a significantly larger amount versus the public hospitals intensive care units. Nevertheless, the most used antibiotics groups were similar in the three intensive care units.
authors.affiliation: Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Fundação de Ensino e Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brasil.
authors.forename: Edilson Floriano Dos
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil.
authors.forename: Liana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lauria-Pires