title: Tet3 and DNA replication mediate demethylation of both the maternal and paternal genomes in mouse zygotes.
abstract: With the exception of imprinted genes and certain repeats, DNA methylation is globally erased during preimplantation development. Recent studies have suggested that Tet3-mediated oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and DNA replication-dependent dilution both contribute to global paternal DNA demethylation, but demethylation of the maternal genome occurs via replication. Here we present genome-scale DNA methylation maps for both the paternal and maternal genomes of Tet3-depleted and/or DNA replication-inhibited zygotes. In both genomes, we found that inhibition of DNA replication blocks DNA demethylation independently from Tet3 function and that Tet3 facilitates DNA demethylation largely by coupling with DNA replication. For both genomes, our data indicate that replication-dependent dilution is the major contributor to demethylation, but Tet3 plays an important role, particularly at certain loci. Our study thus defines the respective functions of Tet3 and DNA replication in paternal DNA demethylation and reveals an unexpected contribution of Tet3 to demethylation of the maternal genome.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Azusa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Yuting
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Falong
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, WAB-149G, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: yzhang@genetics.med.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D044503:5-Methylcytosine / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics*; D004261:DNA Replication; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D049308:Dioxygenases; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D056426:Genetic Loci; D016678:Genome / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics; D015053:Zygote / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D044503:5-Methylcytosine; D049308:Dioxygenases; C551915:Tet3 protein, mouse