title: Clinical features, outcomes and treatment-related pneumonitis in elderly patients with esophageal carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the clinical features and prognoses of elderly patients with esophageal carcinoma and to compare the effects of radiotherapy and rates of treatment-related pneumonitis (TRP) between elderly and non-elderly patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 236 patients with esophageal carcinoma who received radiotherapy between 2002 and 2012 were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups: an elderly group (age ≥ 65 years) and a non-elderly group (age < 65 years). The tumor position and stage, lymph node and distant metastases, and incidence and severity of TRP were compared. Multivariate analysis was applied to identify independent prognostic factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median overall survival times after radiotherapy in the elderly and non-elderly groups were 18.5 and 20.5 mo, respectively. Cox regression analysis showed that TRP grade and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage were independent prognostic factors in the elderly group. High-dose radiotherapy (> 60 Gy) was associated with a high incidence of TRP. Tumor TNM staging was significantly different between the two groups in which TRP occurred. Multivariate analysis showed that TNM stage was an independent prognostic factor. Esophageal carcinoma in elderly patients was relatively less malignant compared with that in non-elderly patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An appropriate dose should be used to decrease the incidence of TRP in radiotherapy, and intensity modulated radiation therapy should be selected if possible.
authors.affiliation: Jian He, Zhao-Chong Zeng, Shi-Ming Shi, Ping Yang, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Jian He, Zhao-Chong Zeng, Shi-Ming Shi, Ping Yang, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Zhao-Chong
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Jian He, Zhao-Chong Zeng, Shi-Ming Shi, Ping Yang, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Shi-Ming
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Jian He, Zhao-Chong Zeng, Shi-Ming Shi, Ping Yang, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D017564:Radiation Pneumonitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Elderly patients; Esophageal carcinoma; Radiation therapy; Survival rate; Treatment-related pneumonitis