title: Alternating expression levels ofWWOXtumor suppressor and cancer-related genes in patients with bladder cancer.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to determine the roles of theWWOXtumor suppressor and cancer-related genes in bladder tumor carcinogenesis. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the status ofWWOXpromoter methylation (using MethylScreen™ technology) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in papillary urothelial cancer tissues. The associations between the expression levels of the following tumorigenesis-related genes were also assessed: TheWWOXtumor suppressor gene,theMKI67proliferation gene, theBAX, BCL2andBIRC5apoptotic genes, theEGFRsignal transduction gene, theVEGFvascular endothelial growth factor gene, and theCCND1andCCNE1cell cycle genes. The results reveal a high frequency of LOH in intron 1 in theWWOXgene, as well as an association between reducedWWOXexpression levels and increased promoter methylation. In addition, the present study demonstrates that in bladder tumors, apoptosis is inhibited by increased expression levels of theBCL2gene. A correlation between the proliferation indices of theMKI67and theBIRC5genes was also revealed.Furthermore, the expression levels ofVEGFwere identified to be positively associated with those of theEGFRgene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cancerogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Poland.
authors.forename: Elżbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Płuciennik
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cancerogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nowakowska
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical and Transplant Immunology and Genetics, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz, Lodz 93-513, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stępien
authors.affiliation: Bio-Tech Consulting Ltd., Lodz 90-212, Poland.
authors.forename: Mateusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wołkowicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cancerogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Poland.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stawiński
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Urology, Medical University of Lodz, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz, Lodz 93-513, Poland.
authors.forename: Waldemar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Różański
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Urology, Medical University of Lodz, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz, Lodz 93-513, Poland.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lipiński
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cancerogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bednarek
keywords: WWOX tumor suppressor; bladder cancer; loss of heterozygosity; methylation; reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction