title: Workaholism and mental health problems among municipal middle managers in Norway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide empirical knowledge about the antecedents and outcomes of workaholism among municipal middle managers within the framework of the job demands-resources model.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a self-administered questionnaire to collect cross-sectional data (n = 118) on job demands, job resources, work engagement, workaholism, and mental health problems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Workaholism correlated positively with both work engagement and mental health problems. Job demands affected workaholism and mental health problems more strongly than did job resources. The results indicate that workaholism does not mediate the effects of certain work characteristics on mental health problems, but rather that workaholics create excessive job demands that harm their health.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preventing workaholism should be a central concern of municipal stakeholders because workaholic behavior among middle managers may harm organizational performance and employee health and middle managers' own health.
authors.affiliation: From the Occupational Health Service (Ms Midje), Municipality of Bærum, Sandvika; Department of Health Promotion (Ms Midje, Ms Nafstad, Mr Syse, and Dr Torp), Buskerud & Vestfold University College, Tønsberg; and Sykehuspartner (Ms Nafstad), Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Hilde H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Midje
authors.forename: Ingunn T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Nafstad
authors.forename: Jonn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Syse
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Torp
mesh_terms: D000288:Administrative Personnel; D000328:Adult; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology*