title: Role of programmed necrosis and cell death in intestinal inflammation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To critically review recent advances on the role of programmed necrosis and other cell death modalities in intestinal health and inflammatory bowel disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tight regulation of intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and cell death is required for intestinal physiology, and to maintain an integral barrier that restricts microbiota translocation and ensures immune tolerance. Apoptosis has long been considered as a normal part of intestinal epithelial cell turnover. However, recent studies have demonstrated that excessive cell death leads to deleterious intestinal inflammation, as is observed in inflammatory bowel disease. Additionally, a novel form of cell death dubbed programmed necrosis, or necroptosis, has been recently shown to be pathological in the gut.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The role of cell death in the intestine is complex and its potential implication in intestinal diseases, and inflammatory bowel disease in particular, needs to be reevaluated.
authors.affiliation: aDepartments of Biochemistry bMicrobiology and Immunology cMedicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Maryse
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dagenais
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: Maya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saleh
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology*; D009336:Necrosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors