title: Chronic musculoskeletal pain: ultrasound guided pain control.
abstract: The review demonstrates the unique advantages of ultrasonography in pain control. Several imaging modalities can be used to guide pain control, such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and radiography. Ultrasonography has unique advantages over these other modalities in terms of its non-ionizing radiation, real-time imaging, portability, and cost-effectiveness. Ultrasonography with color Doppler and elastography can provide safer guidance to avoid blood vessels and the nerve trunk when using steroid or xylocaine infusions to encase the nerve trunk. This review focuses on the control of chronic pain in the upper limbs, lower limbs, and trunk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: hjchiou@vghtpe.gov.tw.
authors.forename: Hong-Jen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chiou
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yi-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Hsin-Kai
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yi-Chen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
keywords: musculoskeletal pain; ultrasonography