title: Exhaust and evaporative emissions from motorcycles fueled with ethanol gasoline blends.
abstract: The emission characteristics of motorcycles using gasoline and E10 (90% gasoline and 10% ethanol by volume) were investigated in this article. Exhaust and evaporative emissions of three motorcycles were investigated on the chassis dynamometer over the Urban Driving Cycle (UDC) and in the Sealed Housing for Evaporative Determination (SHED) including regulated and unregulated emissions. The regulated emissions were detected by an exhaust gas analyzer directly. The unregulated emissions including carbonyls and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were sampled through battery-operated air pumps using tubes coated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and Tenax TA, respectively. The experimental results showed that the emission factors of total hydrocarbons (THC) and carbon monoxide (CO) from E10 fueling motorcycles decreased by 26%-45% and 63%-73%, while the emission factor of NOx increased by 36%-54% compared with those from gasoline fueling motorcycles. For unregulated emissions, the emission amount of VOCs from motorcycles fueled with E10 decreased by 18%-31% while total carbonyls were 2.6-4.5 times higher than those for gasoline. For evaporative emissions of THC and VOCs, for gasoline or E10, the diurnal breathing loss (DBL) was higher than hot soak loss (HSL). Using E10 as a fuel does not make much difference in the amount of evaporative THC, while resulted in a slightly growth of 14%-17% for evaporative BETX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene).
authors.affiliation: National Lab of Auto Performance & Emission Test, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Lab of Auto Performance & Emission Test, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China. Electronic address: geyunshan@bit.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yunshan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: National Lab of Auto Performance & Emission Test, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Mingda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Lab of Auto Performance & Emission Test, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Zihang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: National Lab of Auto Performance & Emission Test, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Yanan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Motorcycle Test Technology Institute Of China South Industries Group Corporation, Xian, 710032, China.
authors.forename: Liwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Motorcycle Test Technology Institute Of China South Industries Group Corporation, Xian, 710032, China.
authors.forename: Wanli
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D001554:Benzene / Q000032:analysis; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D000431:Ethanol; D005742:Gasoline; D009049:Motorcycles; D014050:Toluene / Q000032:analysis; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D014992:Xylenes / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D005742:Gasoline; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; D014992:Xylenes; D014050:Toluene; D000431:Ethanol; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D001554:Benzene
keywords: BTEX; Ethanol; Evaporative emission; Exhaust emission; Motorcycle