title: Endosulfan, pentachlorobenzene and short-chain chlorinated paraffins in background soils from Western Europe.
abstract: Soils are major reservoirs for many persistent organic pollutants (POPs). In this study, "newly" regulated POPs i.e. Σendosulfans (α-endosulfan, β-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate), pentachlorobenzene (PeCB), and short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) were determined in background samples from woodland (WL) and grassland (GL) surface soil, collected along an existing latitudinal UK-Norway transect. Statistical analysis, complemented with plots showing the predicted equilibrium distribution and mobility potential, was then explored to discuss factors controlling their spatial distribution. SCCPs were detected with the highest average concentrations (35 ± 100 ng/g soil organic matter (SOM)), followed by Σendosulfans (3 ± 3 ng/g SOM) and PeCB (1 ± 1 ng/g SOM). PeCB and Σendosulfans share many similarities in their distribution in these background soils as well as with several legacy POPs. A steep decline in concentrations of SCCPs with increasing latitude indicates that their occurrence is dictated by proximity to source regions, while concentrations of Σendosulfans peaked in regions experiencing elevated precipitation rates.
authors.affiliation: NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Box 100, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway. Electronic address: akh@nilu.no.
authors.forename: Anne Karine
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Halse
authors.affiliation: NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Box 100, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schlabach
authors.affiliation: Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
authors.forename: Jasmin K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.affiliation: Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
authors.forename: Kevin C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Eiliv
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Steinnes
authors.affiliation: NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Box 100, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway; University of Oslo, Department of Chemistry, Box 1033, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Knut
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Breivik
mesh_terms: D002722:Chlorobenzenes / Q000032:analysis*; D004726:Endosulfan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005060:Europe; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis; D009664:Norway; D010232:Paraffin / Q000032:analysis*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002722:Chlorobenzenes; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D010232:Paraffin; C544689:endosulfan sulfate; C003060:pentachlorobenzene; D004726:Endosulfan
keywords: Background soils; Endosulfan; Pentachlorobenzene; Short-chain chlorinated paraffins; Soil organic matter