title: Structure, biodegradation behavior and cytotoxicity of alkali-containing alkaline-earth phosphosilicate glasses.
abstract: We report on the effect of sodium on the structure, chemical degradation and bioactivity of glasses in the CaO-MgO-SiO2-P2O5-CaF2 system. The (29)Si and (31)P magic angle spinning-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of melt-quenched glasses with varying Na2O/MgO ratios exhibit a silicate glass network with the dominance of Q(2)(Si) units and phosphorus mainly forming orthophosphate species. Sodium incorporation in the glasses did not induce a significant structural change in the silicate network, while it did influence the phosphate environment due to its lower ionic field strength in comparison with that of magnesium. The apatite forming ability of glasses has been investigated by immersion of glass powders in simulated body fluid (SBF) for time durations varying between 1h and 7 days while their chemical degradation has been studied in Tris-HCl in accordance with ISO-10993-14. Increasing Na(+)/Mg(2+) ratio caused a decrease in the chemical durability of glasses and in the apatite forming ability especially during initial steps of interaction between glass and SBF solution. The cellular responses were observed in vitro on bulk glass samples using mouse-derived pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cell line. The preliminary study suggested that the increasing alkali-concentration in glasses led to cytotoxicity in the cell culture medium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, University of Aveiro, CICECO, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ishu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kansal
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, University of Aveiro, CICECO, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: AlluAmarnath
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Ceramics and Glass Institute (CSIC), Kelsen 5, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330714, South Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330714, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330714, South Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330714, South Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330714, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hae-Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Turin Polytechnic University in Tashkent, 100095 Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
authors.forename: Dilshat U
authors.initials: DU
authors.lastname: Tulyaganov
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, University of Aveiro, CICECO, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: jmf@ua.pt.
authors.forename: José M F
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D000468:Alkalies / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D001031:Apatites / Q000737:chemistry; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D017895:Manganese Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D017670:Sodium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D000468:Alkalies; D001031:Apatites; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017895:Manganese Compounds; D010087:Oxides; D017640:Silicates; D017670:Sodium Compounds; C096707:sodium oxide; C027424:manganese oxide; D012822:Silicon Dioxide
keywords: Alkali; Bioactive glass; Cytotoxicity; Simulated body fluid