title: Regulating the path from legacy recognition, through recovery to release from regulatory control.
abstract: Past development of processes and technologies using radioactive material led to construction of many facilities worldwide. Some of these facilities were built and operated before the regulatory infrastructure was in place to ensure adequate control of radioactive material during operation and decommissioning. In other cases, controls were in place but did not meet modern standards, leading to what is now considered to have been inadequate control. Accidents and other events have occurred resulting in loss of control of radioactive material and unplanned releases to the environment. The legacy from these circumstances is that many countries have areas or facilities at which abnormal radiation conditions exist at levels that give rise to concerns about environmental and human health of potential interest to regulatory authorities. Regulation of these legacy situations is complex. This paper examines the regulatory challenges associated with such legacy management and brings forward suggestions for finding the path from: legacy recognition; implementation, as necessary, of urgent mitigation measures; development of a longer-term management strategy, through to release from regulatory control.
authors.affiliation: Regulatory Cooperation Programme, Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Østerås N-1332, Norway malgorzata.sneve@nrpa.no.
authors.forename: Malgorzata Karpow
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Sneve
authors.affiliation: GMS Abingdon Ltd, Tamarisk, Radley Road, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 3PP, UK.
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D005060:Europe; D033161:Government Regulation; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D011850:Radioactive Waste / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D017751:Safety Management / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D018505:Waste Management / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence
chemical_list: D011850:Radioactive Waste