title: Generation of live offspring from vitrified embryos with synthetic polymers SuperCool X-1000 and SuperCool Z-1000.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ice growth and recrystallisation are considered important factors in determining vitrification outcomes. Synthetic polymers inhibit ice formation during cooling or warming of the vitrification process.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the effect of adding commercially available synthetic polymers SuperCool X-1000 and SuperCool Z-1000 to vitrification media on in vivo development competence of rabbit embryos.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred and thirty morphologically normal embryos recovered at 72 h of gestation were used. The vitrification media contained 20% dimethyl sulphoxide and 20% ethylene glycol, either alone or in combination with 1% of SuperCool X-1000 and 1% SuperCool.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results show that embryos can be successfully vitrified using SuperCool X-1000 and SuperCool Z-1000 and when embryos are transferred, live offspring can be successfully produced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, our results demonstrated that we succeeded for the first time in obtaining live offspring after vitrification of embryos using SuperCool X-1000 and SuperCool Z-1000 polymers.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain. fmarco@dca.upv.es.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marco-Jimenez
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jimenez-Trigos
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lavara
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Vicente
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002021:Buffers; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D019855:Ethylene Glycol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005990:Glycerol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007053:Ice / Q000032:analysis; D011108:Polymers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011817:Rabbits; D058989:Vitrification / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D007053:Ice; D011108:Polymers; D011145:Polyvinyls; C036549:pioloform; C043941:polyglycerol; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol; D004492:Edetic Acid; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; D005990:Glycerol; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide