title: Early expression of local cytokines during systemicCandida albicansinfection in a murine intravenous challenge model.
abstract: Local cytokine production is a significant indicator for disease pathogenesis or progression. Previous studies on cytokine production during systemicCandida albicans(C. albicans) infection were solely on kidney or single cell type interaction withC. albicans. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the early cytokine expression of various target organs (kidney, spleen and brain) over a 72-h time course during systemicC. albicansinfection. The local cytokine profiles of the target organs during systemicC. albicansinfection were measured by cytometric bead array and ELISA analysis. The results demonstrated that interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-2 were statistically significant (P<0.05) in the spleen at 24 and 72 h post-infection, whereas in the kidney, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were statistically significant (P<0.05) at 24 and 72 h post-infection and CXCL-1 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were statistically significant (P<0.05) at 72 h post-infection. In the brain, IL-6 and TNF-α were statistically significant (P<0.05) at 24 and 72 h post-infection, whereas TGF-β was statistically significant (P<0.05) at 72 h post-infection. These findings demonstrate that host immune responses were varied among target organs during systemicC. albicansinfection. This could be important for designing targeted immunotherapy against this pathogen through immunomodulatory approaches in future exploratory research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Voon Kin
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Kuan Jeang
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Foong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maha
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Basir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rusliza
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohtarrudin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Norhafizah
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia ; Translational Infectious Diseases Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Republic of Singapore.
authors.forename: Pei Pei
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Chong
keywords: Candida albicans; ELISA; cytokines; cytometric bead array analysis