title: Identifying predictors of resilience at inpatient and 3-month post-spinal cord injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify (1) changes in psychosocial factors, (2) relationships between psychosocial factors, and (3) significant predictors of resilience in adults with spinal cord injury (SCI) during inpatient rehabilitation and at 3-month post-discharge.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional with convenience sample based on inclusion/exclusion criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inpatient rehabilitation hospital and community-based follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals with a SCI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographic, resilience, self-efficacy for managing a chronic health issue, depression, social roles/activity limitations, and pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final sample consisted of 44 respondents (16 women and 28 men). Results of repeated measure analyses of variance indicated no significant changes in variables between inpatient and 3-month follow-up. Bivariate correlations revealed associations between resilience and self-efficacy at inpatient (r = 0.54, P < 0.001), and resilience and depression (r = -0.69, P < 0.001) and self-efficacy (r = 0.67, P < 0.001) at 3-month follow-up. Hierarchical regression analyses a significant model predicting resilience at inpatient stay (R = 0.61; adjusted R(2) = 0.24, P = 0.023), and at 3-month follow-up (R = 0.83; adjusted R(2) = 0.49, P = 0.022). Self-efficacy was the strongest predictor at inpatient stay (β = 0.46, P = 0.006) and depression was strongest at 3-month follow-up (β = -0.80, P = 0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that although resilience appears to be stable from inpatient to 3-month follow-up, different factors are stronger predictors of resilience across time. Based on current results, an assessment of self-efficacy during inpatient rehabilitation and an identification of depression at 3-month follow-up may be important factors to help identify those at risk of health issues overtime.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Driver
authors.forename: Ann Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agtarap
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Zina
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Trost
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Monden
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D020377:Self Efficacy; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation
keywords: Activity limitations; Depression; Inpatient rehabilitation; Resilience; Self-efficacy; Spinal cord injury