title: Design and validation of a program to identify inadequate intake of iron, zinc, and vitamin A.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to create an innovative, easy-to-use, and informative web-based application system to calculate the iron, zinc, and vitamin A intake in comparison to the recommended nutrient intake (RNI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Food survey data on commonly consumed Indonesian foods (122 foods) were recorded from 68,800 households. The data were used to extract 13 relevant food groups representing typical Indonesian dietary patterns and were incorporated into the development of new software called the Calculator of Inadequate Micronutrient Intake (CIMI). To validate, 24-h dietary recall data of children (n = 118) and adult women (n = 124) from Indonesia were collected and analyzed using CIMI and Nutrisurvey (NS) and the results were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CIMI calculates the absolute intake of energy, macronutrients, retinol, ß-carotene, retinol equivalents, iron, and zinc. The percentages of RNI fulfillment with regard to age and sex are presented. The bioavailability levels of iron and zinc are considered. Validation showed that results of CIMI and NS were comparable with regard to the average intake and range of data distribution ratio. Due to bioavailability factors, more participants who had intake of iron (adult group) and zinc (both groups) below the cutoff were detected by CIMI. The range of correlation coefficient of NS and CIMI were from 0.889 (energy) to 0.713 (iron) in the children's group and from 0.919 (protein) to 0.686 (vitamin A) in the adult group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CIMI is a simple and rapid tool that calculates energy and nutrient intake, and also the percentage of nutrient fulfillment in comparison with the dietary recommendation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany. Electronic address: radix_astadi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ignasius Radix A P
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Jati
authors.affiliation: Day-med-concept GmbH, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Widmer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Ratna Chrismiari
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Purwestri
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Nia Novita
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Wirawan
authors.affiliation: Day-med-concept GmbH, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gola
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans Konrad
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Biesalski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001682:Biological Availability; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D007223:Infant; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000090463:Iron Deficiencies; D011939:Mental Recall; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D064167:Recommended Dietary Allowances; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055815:Young Adult; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000172:deficiency; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients; D019207:beta Carotene; D014801:Vitamin A; D007501:Iron; D015032:Zinc
keywords: CIMI; Computer program; Design; Micronutrient inadequacy; Validation