title: Susceptible period of socio-emotional development affected by constant exposure to daylight.
abstract: As a diurnal experimental primate, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) has recently contributed to numerous kinds of studies of neurobiological psychiatry as an essential pre-clinical model. The marmoset matures sexually within one or two years after birth. Thus, we can observe how the primate learns and develops psycho-cognitive functions through experiences in experimental environment for a much shorter period compared to that of humans. Longer daylight exposure may affect psychological development of children. In our research, we focus on raising marmosets under constant daylight from birth until various ages. In order to quantitatively evaluate the development of higher-ordered psychological functions, we designed a system of socio-behavioral tests and multivariate correlation analysis methods based on principal component analysis. With reference to the call and typical body movement expressed during a particular social context, we statistically inferred the emotional features of the subjects. In the current literature, we review our published results showing increased alert behaviors by constant light, and then, attempted to extend our additional analysis to seek age-dependent susceptibility to constant light. We then present the neurobiological mechanisms with reference to previous research reports. The current review suggests possible existence of a susceptible period earlier than three to five month-old in the environment-induced developmental disorder model, supposedly like attention deficit hyperactive disorders (ADHD) or oppositional defiant disorder (ODD).
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, Saitama Medical University, Japan; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan. Electronic address: koshiba@saitama-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Mamiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koshiba
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Japan; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan.
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Senoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, Saitama Medical University, Japan; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan.
authors.forename: Genta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karino
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Japan; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan.
authors.forename: Simpei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozawa
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Japan.
authors.forename: Ikuko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Japan.
authors.forename: Setsuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Usui
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Japan.
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.affiliation: Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan.
authors.forename: Koki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mimura
authors.affiliation: Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan.
authors.forename: Shun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kunikata
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamanouchi
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Japan.
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tokuno
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D002144:Callithrix / Q000254:growth & development / Q000523:psychology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D004644:Emotions; D008027:Light; D009043:Motor Activity; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012890:Sleep; D012919:Social Behavior
keywords: A susceptible period learning; Alert call and whole body motion; Circadian rhythm; Multivariate analysis; Social sensory cues; Socio-emotional behavior