title: A review of the effects of formaldehyde release from endodontic materials.
abstract: Formaldehyde is present in most living cells and the environment. In dentistry, patients may be exposed to formaldehyde through the use of several endodontic materials (e.g. AH 26) and during formocresol pulpotomies. This review outlines how the human body reacts to formaldehyde exposure, how recent data has relooked at the issue of carcinogenicity and leukaemia associated with formaldehyde, and whether it is possible to quantify the amount of formaldehyde produced by endodontic cements. The review analyses the way formaldehyde is produced from epoxy resins and addresses the question of whether the amount of formaldehyde from endodontic cements is large enough to override the body's ability to deal with its own endogenous levels of formaldehyde and should the amount of formaldehyde produced be a concern.
authors.affiliation: Private Practice, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Athanassiadis
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: George
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
authors.forename: P V
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5727-4211
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Abbott
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Wash
mesh_terms: D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D005566:Formocresols / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D011672:Pulpotomy / Q000379:methods; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D003764:Dental Materials; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D005566:Formocresols; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D005557:Formaldehyde; C031025:formocresol
keywords: AH 26; carcinogen; endogenous levels; formaldehyde release; safety