title: Morphologic evaluation of remnant anterior cruciate ligament bundles after injury with three-dimensional computed tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the morphological patterns of remnant anterior cruciate ligament bundles after injury (ACL remnant) on three-dimensional computed tomography (3DCT) and compare them with those on arthroscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-three patients (33 males and 30 females; mean age 25.2 ± 10.1 years) who had undergone primary ACL reconstruction between March 2011 and December 2012 were included in this study. The average durations between traumas and 3DCT and between 3DCT and surgery were 101.7 ± 87.2 and 38.2 ± 38.7 days, respectively. ACL remnants were classified into four morphological patterns on 3DCT. 3DCT findings were compared with arthroscopic findings with and without probing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The morphological patterns of the ACL remnants on 3DCT were well matched with those on arthroscopy without probing (the concordance rate was 77.8%). However, the concordance rate was reduced to 49.2% when arthroscopic probing was used to confirm the femoral attachment of ACL remnants (p ≤ 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that the morphological patterns of ACL remnants on 3DCT were well matched with those on arthroscopy without probing. Therefore, the technique can be useful for preoperative planning of the ACL reconstruction or informed consent to the patients. However, for definitive diagnosis, arthroscopic probing is required.
  
  
  METHODS
  IV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan. nadachi@hiroshima-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ochi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Kobun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takazawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishifuro
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deie
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakamae
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Goki
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kamei
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D059549:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction; D001182:Arthroscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anterior cruciate ligament; Arthroscopy; Morphology; Remnant; Three-dimensional computed tomography (3DCT)