title: Swimming training promotes cardiac remodeling and alters the  expression of mRNA and protein levels involved in calcium handling in  hypertensive rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to identify the effects of swimming training on the mRNA expression and protein levels of the calcium handling proteins in the hearts of renovascular hypertensive rats submitted to swimming protocol during 6 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fischer rats with renovascular hypertension 2-kidney 1-clip (2K1C) and SHAM groups were divided among sedentary and exercised groups. The exercise protocol lasted for 6 weeks (1 h/day, 5×/week), and the mean arterial pressure, cardiomyocytes hypertrophy parameters, mRNA expression and protein levels of some calcium handling proteins in the left ventricle were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Swimming training was able to reduce the levels of mean arterial pressure in the hypertensive group compared to 2K1C SED, and to promote cardiac hypertrophy in SHAM EX and 2K1C EX groups in comparison to the respective control groups. The mRNA levels of B-type natriuretic peptide were reduced in the 2K1C EX when compared to 2K1C SED. The mRNA and protein levels of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2 +-ATPase increased after the swimming training in SHAM and 2K1C groups. The mRNA and protein levels of phospholamban, displayed an increase in their levels in the exercised SHAM and in hypertensive rats in comparison to their respective controls; while mRNA levels of Na+/Ca2 + exchanger was reduced in the left ventricle comparing to the sedentary hypertensive rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken altogether, we provide evidence that the aerobic training may lead to cardiac remodeling, and modulate the calcium handling proteins expression in the heart of hypertensive rats.
authors.forename: Jamille
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Locatelli
authors.forename: Leonardo Vinícius
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Monteiro de Assis
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morais Araújo
authors.forename: Andréia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carvalho Alzamora
authors.lastname: Wanderson Geraldo de Lima
authors.forename: Maria José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Campagnole-Santos
authors.forename: Robson
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Augusto dos Santos
authors.forename: Mauro César
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Isoldi
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D006978:Hypertension, Renovascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*; D000099211:Phospholamban
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000099211:Phospholamban