title: Evolution of osmotic pressure in solid tumors.
abstract: The mechanical microenvironment of solid tumors includes both fluid and solid stresses. These stresses play a crucial role in cancer progression and treatment and have been analyzed rigorously both mathematically and experimentally. The magnitude and spatial distribution of osmotic pressures in tumors, however, cannot be measured experimentally and to our knowledge there is no mathematical model to calculate osmotic pressures in the tumor interstitial space. In this study, we developed a triphasic biomechanical model of tumor growth taking into account not only the solid and fluid phase of a tumor, but also the transport of cations and anions, as well as the fixed charges at the surface of the glycosaminoglycan chains. Our model predicts that the osmotic pressure is negligible compared to the interstitial fluid pressure for values of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) taken from the literature for sarcomas, melanomas and adenocarcinomas. Furthermore, our results suggest that an increase in the hydraulic conductivity of the tumor, increases considerably the intratumoral concentration of free ions and thus, the osmotic pressure but it does not reach the levels of the interstitial fluid pressure.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Chysovalantis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Voutouri
authors.affiliation: Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus. Electronic address: tstylian@ucy.ac.cy.
authors.forename: Triantafyllos
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stylianopoulos
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D018450:Disease Progression; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000502:physiology*; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008954:Models, Biological; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009997:Osmotic Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D006025:Glycosaminoglycans
keywords: Donnan osmotic pressure; Fixed charged density; Glycosaminoglycans; Tumor mechanics; Tumor microenvironment