title: Molecular characterization of enteroviruses including a new type EV-C99 isolated from Xinjiang students in Shandong, China in 2011.
abstract: The last case of infection with wild-type poliovirus indigenous to China was reported in 1994. In 2011, a poliomyelitis outbreak caused by imported wide-type poliovirus occurred in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region. Here, we report the results of enterovirus (EV) isolation from Xinjiang students that returned to school in Shandong after summer vacation during this outbreak. Stool specimens from 376 students were collected and 10 EV strains were isolated including 4 polioviruses (All Sabin strains), 1 coxsackievirus (CV) A13, 3 CVA17 and 2 EV-C99. VP1 sequence analysis revealed these CVA13, CVA17 and EV-C99 strains had 71.3-81.8%, 76.5-84.6% and 74.2-82.9% nucleotide similarity with strains from other countries within a serotype, respectively. EV-C99 strains had 82.7-92.8% VP1 similarity with two previously reported Xinjiang strains. Complete genome analysis on EV-C99 strains revealed intra-serotypic genetic recombination events. These findings reflect great genetic divergence between Chinese strains and strains from other countries of the three types, and provide valuable information on monitoring EV transmission over long distance.
authors.affiliation: 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zexin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaojuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Suting
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lizhi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China [3] School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Aiqiang
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002681:China; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D016679:Genome, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D058889:Molecular Typing; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D013334:Students
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; C442540:VP1 protein, Poliovirus