title: Apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy in mouse intestinal damage after 15-Gy whole body irradiation.
abstract: Enterocytes die during high-dose radiation exposure in radiation accidents. The modality of cell death has a profound effect on the therapeutic response. The ilea from mice with 15 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) were drawn, morphological features observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and transmission electron micrographs. The biochemical features of mouse ileum presented with the structure were cleaved Caspase-3 (apoptosis marker), Light Chain 3 (LC3)-I's conversion to LC3-II (autophagy marker) and high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1's secretion (necrosis marker). Then, the autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine), caspase inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK) or necrosis inhibitor (necrostatin) was used to prevent death. Apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis were all appeared in the ileum, but necrosis had the biggest size; the use of 3-methyladenine and Z-VAD-FMK prolong one day's life of the mice after 15 Gy TBI, necrostatin significantly extended the lifespan of 15 Gy irradiated mice (p < 0.05). The results suggest that the death of enterocytes could not be classified into one type of cell death but rather as 'mixed death.'
authors.affiliation: School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qiu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiaochun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Anqing
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Dandan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Fengmei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yongping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Hongjian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Xueguang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001835:Body Weight; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020895:Enterocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005243:Feces; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009336:Necrosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation
chemical_list: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; C582808:HMGB1 protein, mouse; D007093:Imidazoles; D007211:Indoles; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C096713:benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone; C507699:necrostatin-1; C025946:3-methyladenine; D053148:Caspase 3; D000225:Adenine
keywords: 15 Gy TBI; apoptosis; autophagy; intestinal damage; necrosis