title: Consumption of clarified grapefruit juice ameliorates high-fat diet induced insulin resistance and weight gain in mice.
abstract: To determine the metabolic effects of grapefruit juice consumption we established a model in which C57Bl/6 mice drank 25-50% sweetened GFJ, clarified of larger insoluble particles by centrifugation (cGFJ), ad libitum as their sole source of liquid or isocaloric and sweetened water. cGFJ and control groups consumed similar amounts of liquids and calories. Mice fed a high-fat diet and cGFJ experienced a 18.4% decrease in weight, a 13-17% decrease in fasting blood glucose, a three-fold decrease in fasting serum insulin, and a 38% decrease in liver triacylglycerol values, compared to controls. Mice fed a low-fat diet that drank cGFJ experienced a two-fold decrease in fasting insulin, but not the other outcomes observed with the high-fat diet. cGFJ consumption decreased blood glucose to a similar extent as the commonly used anti-diabetic drug metformin. Introduction of cGFJ after onset of diet-induced obesity also reduced weight and blood glucose. A bioactive compound in cGFJ, naringin, reduced blood glucose and improved insulin tolerance, but did not ameliorate weight gain. These data from a well-controlled animal study indicate that GFJ contains more than one health-promoting neutraceutical, and warrant further studies of GFJ effects in the context of obesity and/or the western diet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Rostislav
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chudnovskiy
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Airlia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tharp
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hellerstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Joseph L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Napoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stahl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001628:Beverages; D001786:Blood Glucose; D032083:Citrus paradisi; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose