title: Locally increased concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in an experimental intraabdominal adhesion model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peritoneal adhesions may cause bowel obstruction, infertility, and pain. This study investigated cytokines, proteins and growth factors thought to promote formation of adhesions in an experimental intraabdominal adhesion model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to laparotomy, cecal abrasion, and construction of a small bowel anastomosis and examined at various time points after surgery. Concentrations of cytokines and growth factors in plasma and peritoneal fluid were analyzed using electrochemoluminescence and quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) increased in peritoneal fluid from 6h after incision. Plasma concentrations of IL-6 increased at 6h, but plasma concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α remained low. Peritoneal fluid concentrations of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were below detection levels at all time points.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early elevations of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α concentrations in peritoneal fluid correlated to adhesion formation in this rodent model. Our model is relevant and reproducible, suitable for intervention, and indicates that antiadhesion strategies should be early, local and not systemic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: fanny.fredriksson@kbh.uu.se.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fredriksson
authors.affiliation: Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Christofferson
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: P O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Lilja
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001202:Ascitic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008297:Male; D010532:Peritoneal Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
keywords: Inflammatory cytokines; Peritoneal adhesions; Rat