title: Three-dimensional dental arch changes of patients submitted to orthodontic-surgical treatment for correction of Class II malocclusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study assessed the three-dimensional changes in the dental arch of patients submitted to orthodontic-surgical treatment for correction of Class II malocclusions at three different periods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Landmarks previously identified on upper and lower dental casts were digitized on a three-dimensional digitizer MicroScribe-3DX and stored in Excel worksheets in order to assess the width, length and depth of patient's dental arches.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During orthodontic preparation, the maxillary and mandibular transverse dimensions measured at the premolar regions were increased and maintained throughout the follow-up period. Intercanine width was increased only in the upper arch during orthodontic preparation. Maxillary arch length was reduced during orthodontic finalization, only. Upper and lower arch depths were stable in the study periods. Differences between changes in centroid and gingival points suggested that upper and lower premolars buccaly proclined during the pre-surgical period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maxillary and mandibular dental arches presented transverse expansion at premolar regions during preoperative orthodontic preparation, with a tendency towards buccal tipping. The transverse dimensions were not altered after surgery. No sagittal or vertical changes were observed during the follow-up periods.
authors.forename: Adriano Porto
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Peixoto
authors.forename: Ary
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: dos Santos Pinto
authors.forename: Daniela Gamba
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Garib
authors.forename: João Roberto
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D059925:Anatomic Landmarks / Q000473:pathology; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000473:pathology; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D003481:Cuspid / Q000473:pathology; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003765:Models, Dental; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000379:methods*; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D019340:Osteotomy, Le Fort / Q000379:methods; D059229:Osteotomy, Sagittal Split Ramus / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Dental models; Malocclusion; Orthodontics; Orthognathic surgery