title: A Novel Rat Model of Orthodontic Tooth Movement Using Temporary Skeletal Anchorage Devices: 3D Finite Element Analysis and In Vivo Validation.
abstract: The aim of this animal study was to develop a model of orthodontic tooth movement using a microimplant as a TSAD in rodents. A finite element model of the TSAD in alveolar bone was built using μCT images of rat maxilla to determine the von Mises stresses and displacement in the alveolar bone surrounding the TSAD. For in vivo validation of the FE model, Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 25) were used and a Stryker 1.2 × 3 mm microimplant was inserted in the right maxilla and used to protract the right first permanent molar using a NiTi closed coil spring. Tooth movement measurements were taken at baseline, 4 and 8 weeks. At 8 weeks, animals were euthanized and tissues were analyzed by histology and EPMA. FE modeling showed maximum von Mises stress of 45 Mpa near the apex of TSAD but the average von Mises stress was under 25 Mpa. Appreciable tooth movement of 0.62 ± 0.04 mm at 4 weeks and 1.99 ± 0.14 mm at 8 weeks was obtained. Histological and EPMA results demonstrated no active bone remodeling around the TSAD at 8 weeks depicting good secondary stability. This study provided evidence that protracted tooth movement is achieved in small animals using TSADs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthodontics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E1.
authors.forename: Neelambar
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6478-8472
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaipatur
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E1.
authors.forename: Yuchin
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3004-3004
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E1 ; Civil Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E1.
authors.forename: Samer
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3750-2963
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adeeb
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E1.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthodontics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E1 ; Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E1.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1581-2306
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Major
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E1 ; Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E1 ; Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E1 ; Pharmaceutical Orthopaedic Research Lab, 2-020J Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy & Health Research, University of Alberta, 11361-87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E1.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Doschak