title: Diagnosis and evaluation of severity of sepsis via the use of biomarkers and profiles of 13 cytokines: a multiplex analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The object of this study was to evaluate biomarkers for diagnosis of sepsis, hematologic parameters, and cytokine profiles for use in the diagnosis and evaluation of severity of sepsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 127 consecutive patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), 97 of whom were diagnosed with sepsis. The following biomarkers were evaluated: procalcitonin (PCT); C-reactive protein (CRP); erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR); white blood cell count, immature granulocyte (IG) count; and multiplex cytokines, including interleukin (IL)1-β (IL1β), IL2, IL4, IL5, IL6, IL9, IL10, IL12p70, IL13, IL17, IL22, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and interferon-γ (IFNγ). A cytokine bead immunoassay was used to perform simultaneous measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The disease involving urinary and respiratory tract constituted 57.5% of all patients. The severity of infection was classified as follows: SIRS patients, n=30; sepsis patients, n=81; and septic shock/severe sepsis patients, n=16. PCT, IL6, and CRP had high area under receiver operation characteristic curve (AUCs) and accuracy, which is as follows: PCT: 0.841, 80.5%; IL6: 0.811, 77.1%; CRP: 0.784, 73.8%, respectively. Severity of sepsis could be discriminated by PCT, IL6, and IL5. Unlike other cytokines, IFNγ had an inverse relation with severity of sepsis. The relationship between cytokine profiles and clinical diagnosis of sepsis was unclear.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PCT, IL6, and CRP values could assist diagnosis, and PCT, IL6, and IL5 had discriminative properties for determination of severity of sepsis. IFNγ revealed a distinct inverse relationship with severity of sepsis. As there was no relationship between cytokine profiles and sepsis, further studies are required to develop clinical applications.
authors.forename: Dong Wook
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Jekarl
authors.forename: Ji Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seungok
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Myungshin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yonggoo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyungja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Seon Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Woon Jeong
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines