title: The combination of tumour necrosis factor-α -308A and interleukin-10 -1082G gene polymorphisms and increased serum levels of related cytokines: susceptibility to vitiligo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aetiopathogenesis of vitiligo is still under investigation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the genes for tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10, as well as the serum levels of these three cytokines in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study enrolled 105 patients with vitiligo, and 211 age- and sex-matched controls. TNF-α (-308), IL-6 (-174) and IL-10 (-1082) promoter polymorphisms were investigated by LightSNiP assay and analysed by χ(2) test. Subsequently, the serum cytokine levels were assessed by ELISA and evaluated by Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of the GG genotype of the IL-10 -1082 polymorphism was significantly higher in the vitiligo group compared with the healthy control group (P = 0.02). Further investigations using combinations of these variant alleles detected a significant risk for vitiligo for individuals carrying both the IL-10 -1082G and TNF-α -308A alleles (OR = 12.57, 95% CI 1.44-110.0, P < 0.01). Serum IL-10 and TNF-α levels were higher in the vitiligo group (P = 0.001). In addition, TNF-α levels in patients with active disease were significantly higher than in patients with stable disease (P < 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The concomitant presence of IL-10 -1082G and TNF-α -308A alleles significantly raises the risk for vitiligo. Furthermore, in accordance with these findings, serum IL-10 and TNF-α were also increased in this study, confirming the role of these cytokines in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: I E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Aydıngöz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanmaz-Özer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gedikbaşi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vural
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Doğru-Abbasoğlu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uysal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D014820:Vitiligo / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10