title: Phyllanthus emblica L. fruit extract induces chromosomal instability and suppresses necrosis in human colon cancer cells.
abstract: Phyllanthus emblica L. (PE) is an edible fruit indigenous to Southeast Asia. It has been considered as a potent functional food due to its numerous pharmacological applications, such as anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic and protection for multiple organs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a water extract of PE fruit on genomic damage and cell death in the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line COLO320 using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay. Cells were exposed to RPMI-1640 medium containing 0, 20, 40, 80, or 160 μg/mL PE for 24, 48, 72, or 96 hours. The results showed that PE induced a significant decrease in necrosis (p < 0.001) and nuclear division index (NDI) (p < 0.001) in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and there was a highly significant correlation between the reduction of necrosis and NDI (r = 0.820, p < 0.001). Dose- and time-dependent increases (p < 0.001) in the frequency of chromosomal instability (CIN) were observed after PE exposure, and the frequency of CIN was negatively correlated with NDI (r = - 0.640, p < 0.001). PE also significantly increased apoptosis (p < 0.001), and there was a significant correlation of apoptosis with CIN (r = 0.566, p < 0.001). In conclusion, PE suppresses necrosis and delays mitotic progression, which results in massive CIN followed by apoptosis in COLO320 cells.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: Xihan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: School of Business, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: Xuemin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jinglun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D043171:Chromosomal Instability / Q000187:drug effects*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D015162:Micronucleus Tests / Q000379:methods; D009336:Necrosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D029842:Phyllanthus emblica; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: COLO320 cell line; Phyllanthus emblica L.; chromosomal instability; necrosis