title: Sublingual misoprostol as an adjunct to oxytocin during cesarean delivery in women at risk of postpartum hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether a combination of misoprostol and oxytocin more effectively reduces blood loss during and after cesarean delivery than does oxytocin alone among women with known risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed at a tertiary care center in Kolkata, India, between October 2012 and December 2013. Women were eligible if they were undergoing emergency cesarean under spinal anesthesia and were at high risk for PPH. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive 400 μg misoprostol or matched placebo sublingually after delivery of the newborn using a computer-generated random number sequence (block size eight). Participants and providers were masked to assignment. All participants received 20 IU oxytocin. The primary outcomes were intraoperative and postoperative blood loss.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both groups contained 198 women. Mean intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower in the misoprostol group (505.4±215.5 mL) than in the placebo group (587.3±201.5 mL; P<0.001). Mean postoperative blood loss was slightly lower in the misoprostol group (96.9±57.3 mL) than in the placebo group (103.4±58.4 mL; P=0.07). Shivering and pyrexia were more frequently associated with misoprostol (P<0.05 for both).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Misoprostol as an adjunct to oxytocin seemed to more effectively reduce blood loss than did oxytocin alone. Clinical Trial Registry India:CTRI/2013/05/003645.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nilratan Sircar Medical College, West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Kolkata, India. Electronic address: picklu.chaudhuri@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Picklu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chaudhuri
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nilratan Sircar Medical College, West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Arindam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Majumdar
mesh_terms: D000020:Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000286:Administration, Sublingual; D000328:Adult; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001810:Blood Volume; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000009:adverse effects; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D016595:Misoprostol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010120:Oxytocics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006473:Postpartum Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012768:Shivering; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000020:Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal; D010120:Oxytocics; D016595:Misoprostol; D010121:Oxytocin
keywords: Blood loss; Cesarean delivery; Misoprostol; Postpartum hemorrhage; Risk factors