title: Coulometric differential FFT admittance voltammetry determination of Amlodipine in pharmaceutical formulation by nano-composite electrode.
abstract: An electrochemical detection technique based on combination of was coulometric differential fast Fourier transformation admittance voltammetry (CDFFTAV) and nano-composite film modified glassy carbon electrode was successfully applied for sensitive determination of Amlodipine. The nano-composite film was made by a mixture of ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIMBF4), multiwall carbon nanotube and Au nanoparticles as electrochemical mediators. Studies reveal that the irreversible oxidation of Amlodipine was highly facile on the electrode surface. The electrochemical response was established on calculation of the charge under the admittance peak, which was obtained by discrete integration of the admittance response in a selected potential range, obtained in a flow injection analysis. Once established the best operative optimum conditions, the resulting nano-composite film electrode showed a catalytic effect on the oxidation of the analyte. The response is linear in the Amlodipine concentration range of 1.0 × 10(-9) to 2.0 × 10(-7)M with a detection limit of 1.25 × 10(-10)M. Moreover, the proposed technique exhibited high sensitivity, fast response time (less than 6s) and long-term stability and reproducibility around 96%, and it was successfully used to the determination of Amlodipine content in the pharmaceutical formulation.
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: norouzi@khayam.ut.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Parviz
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Norouzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India. Electronic address: vinodfcy@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vinod Kumar
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Bagher
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Larijani
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Solmaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rasoolipour
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Farnoush
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Faridbod
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ganjali
mesh_terms: D017311:Amlodipine / Q000032:analysis*; D002384:Catalysis; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000379:methods; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry*; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: C499119:1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate; D007093:Imidazoles; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D017311:Amlodipine; D006046:Gold
keywords: Amlodipine; Au nano-particles; Fast Fourier transformation coulometric admittance voltammetry; Ionic liquid; Multiwall carbon nanotube