title: Effects of intravascular low-level laser therapy during coronary intervention on selected growth factors levels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of intravascular low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on selected growth factor levels in subjects undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Restenosis remains the main problem with the long-term efficacy of PCI, and growth factors are postulated to play a crucial role in the restenosis cascade.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized prospective study, an 808 nm LLLT (100 mW/cm2, continuous wave laser, 9 J/cm2, illuminated area 1.6-2.5 cm2) was delivered intracoronarily to patients during PCI. Fifty-two patients underwent irradiation with laser light, and 49 constituted the control group. In all individuals, serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) were measured before angioplasty, then 6 and 12 h and 1 month after the procedure. In all patients, a control angiography was performed 6 months later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in IGF-1 and VEGF levels between the groups. While evaluating FGF-2, we observed its significantly lower levels in the irradiated patients during each examination. There was a significant increase in TGF-β1 level in control group after 12 h of observation. In the irradiated individuals, control angiography revealed smaller late lumen loss and smaller late lumen loss index as compared with the control group. The restenosis rate was 15.0% in the treated group, and 32.4% in the control group, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LLLT decreases levels of TGF-β1 and FGF-2 in patients undergoing coronary intervention, which may explain smaller neointima formation.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University , Wroclaw, Poland .
authors.forename: Arkadiusz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Derkacz
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Protasiewicz
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rola
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Podgorska
authors.forename: Alicja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szymczyszyn
authors.forename: Radoslaw
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gutherc
authors.forename: Rafal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Poręba
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Doroszko
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000097:blood; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I