title: Dental and maxillofacial alterations in patients affected from odontochondrodysplasia: a rare case report and review of literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This paper has evaluated the dental and or facial disorders associated to Goldblatt syndrome, also known as odontochondrodysplasia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We report the analysis performed on a female young patient affected by this disease. We analyzed her dental and or facial features.
  
  
  METHODS
  We adopted several diagnostic criteria: firstly, we performed radiographic investigations, followed by rhinomanometric measurements and by clinical analysis performed in order to determine the salivary flow in this typology of patients. The evidences obtained after a careful clinical, anamnestic, and radiographic analysis of our female patient allowed us to identify a number of odontostomatologic features, which are very likely to be related to this syndrome. Our patient showed some pathognomonic signs of odontochondrodysplasia already identified in the literature, that is, pectus carinatum, joint hyperextensibility, coxa valga and genu valgum, upper and lower limb asymmetry, and vertebral abnormalities. Moreover, we focused our attention on those odontostomatologic aspects that had never been analyzed by other reports in the literature: dentinogenesis imperfecta, ligamentous hyperlaxity of all joints and of temporomandibular joints in particular, poor lip competence, ogival palate, and oral respiration. Besides these, dental crowding and other important elements were identified through cephalometric measurements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the light of all these elements and of their comparison with the existing literature, it is possible to stereotype a few recurrent odontostomatologic and systemic-generalized features in patients with odontochondrodysplasia, which can be considered as closely associated with this syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, P.ce Giulio Cesare - Policlinico 70124 - Bari, Italy; e- mail: francesco.inchingolo@uniba.it.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Inchingolo
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Derla
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pacifici
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cagiano
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gargari
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marrelli
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amantea
authors.forename: Angelo M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Inchingolo
authors.forename: Gianna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dipalma
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Signorini
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pacifici
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tatullo