title: Reconstruction of penile urethra with the 3-dimensional porous bladder acellular matrix in a rabbit model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of reconstruction of penile urethra with the 3-dimensional (3-D) porous bladder acellular matrix (BAM) in a rabbit model.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 30 male rabbits, a ventral urethral mucosal defect (1.5 × 0.8 cm) was created. Substitution urethroplasty was performed with 5% peracetic acid (PAA)-treated BAM (3-D porous BAM; 15 rabbits, PAA-treated BAM group) and non-PAA-treated BAM (15 rabbits; non-PAA-treated BAM group) in an onlay fashion. At 1, 2, and 3 months after surgery (5 rabbits at each time point) in the 2 groups, retrograde urethrogram and histologic analysis were performed to evaluate the outcomes of urethroplasty.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the PAA-treated BAM group, 13 rabbits maintained a wide urethral caliber without a fistula or stricture. In contrast, 10 rabbits kept a wide caliber in the non-PAA-treated BAM group. Histologically, at 1, 2, and 3 months after the surgery, the speed of urothelium regeneration in the PAA-treated BAM group was faster than that in the non-PAA-treated BAM group. The smooth muscle-to-collagen ratio and the content of smooth muscle in the PAA-treated BAM group were significantly higher than that in the non-PAA-treated BAM group at each time point (P <.05). The endothelium density between the non-PAA-treated BAM and the PAA-treated BAM groups revealed a significant increase at all 3 time points (P <.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results confirmed that PAA-treated BAM urethroplasty enhanced urothelium, smooth muscle regeneration and neovascularization compared with those of the non-PAA-treated BAM. The 3-D porous BAM as an optimized biological scaffold may be used for cell-based tubular and long-segmental urethral reconstruction in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Wen
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Min-Kai
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Blvd, Winston Salem, NC.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Gai-Jie
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Bin
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ji-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Dong
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yue-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Blvd, Winston Salem, NC. Electronic address: lujiesong@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Lu-Jie
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D062088:Acellular Dermis; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000601:surgery*; D011817:Rabbits; D011897:Random Allocation; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery*