title: Breathing is affected by dopamine D2-like receptors in the basolateral amygdala.
abstract: The precise mechanisms underlying how emotions change breathing patterns remain unclear, but dopamine is a candidate neurotransmitter in the process of emotion-associated breathing. We investigated whether basal dopamine release occurs in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), where sensory-related inputs are received and lead to fear or anxiety responses, and whether D1- and D2-like receptor antagonists affect breathing patterns and dopamine release in the BLA. Adult male mice (C57BL/6N) were perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid, a D1-like receptor antagonist (SCH 23390), or a D2-like receptor antagonist ((S)-(-)-sulpiride) through a microdialysis probe in the BLA. Respiratory variables were measured using a double-chamber plethysmograph. Dopamine release was measured by an HPLC. Perfusion of (S)-(-)-sulpiride in the BLA, not SCH 23390, specifically decreased respiratory rate without changes in local release of dopamine. These results suggest that basal dopamine release in the BLA, at least partially, increases respiratory rates only through post-synaptic D2-like receptors, not autoreceptors, which might be associated with emotional responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: emikko-n.n-snow.4@forest.ocn.ne.jp.
authors.forename: Toshihisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugita
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: mitsuko@med.showa-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Mitsuko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanamaru
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: iizukam@med.showa-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Makito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iizuka
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: oxfordox38pb@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Kanako
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: giantgreen1999@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Setsuro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsukada
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: kawa@med.showa-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: ihomma@med.showa-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Homma
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: masahiko@med.showa-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Izumizaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D066272:Basolateral Nuclear Complex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000494:pharmacology; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D017551:Microdialysis; D010991:Plethysmography; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D013469:Sulpiride / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001552:Benzazepines; C000600618:DRD2 protein, mouse; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; C534628:SCH 23390; D013469:Sulpiride; D004298:Dopamine
keywords: Amygdala; Autoreceptor; Dopamine D2 receptor; Emotions; Respiration; Respiratory rate