title: Immunosuppression by seminal plasma and its possible clinical significance.
abstract: Several components of semen have immunomodulatory effects; these include spermatozoa(1-3) and a variety of seminal plasma factors. In addition semen may contain a small number of immunocompetent cells(4). In this review Keith James and Timothy Hargreave discuss the immunological effects of human seminal plasma, including its suppressive effect on in vitro and in vivo immune responses, the nature and action of the factors involved and their possible clinical relevance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Hargreave