title: Anti-inflammatory activity of grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta Schum) extract.
abstract: The ethanolic extract of grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta Schum, Zingiberaceae) has been evaluated for inhibitory activity on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme, in vivo for the anti-inflammatory activity and expression of several pro-inflammatory genes. Bioactivity-guided fractionation showed that the most active COX-2 inhibitory compound in the extract was [6]-paradol. [6]-Shogaol, another compound from the extract, was the most active inhibitory compound in pro-inflammatory gene expression assays. In a rat paw edema model, the whole extract reduced inflammation by 49% at 1000 mg/kg. Major gingerols from the extract [6]-paradol, [6]-gingerol, and [6]-shogaol reduced inflammation by 20, 25 and 38%. respectively when administered individually at a dose of 150 mg/kg. [6]-Shogaol efficacy was at the level of aspirin, used as a positive control. Grains of paradise extract has demonstrated an anti-inflammatory activity, which is in part due to the inhibition of COX-2 enzyme activity and expression of pro-inflammatory genes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad , Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
authors.forename: Nebojsa M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Ilic
authors.forename: Moul
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dey
authors.forename: Alexander A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Poulev
authors.forename: Sithes
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Logendra
authors.forename: Peter E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.forename: Ilya
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Raskin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D002396:Catechols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D020332:Rats, Inbred LEC; D030521:Zingiberaceae / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002396:Catechols; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D010936:Plant Extracts; C040115:shogaol; C007845:gingerol; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2
keywords: Aframomum melegueta Schum; COX-2; Zingiberaceae; anti-inflammatory; gingerols; grains of paradise; paw edema