title: Changing trends in the causes and management of male urethral stricture disease in China: an observational descriptive study from 13 centres.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether there have been any changes in the causes and management of urethral strictures in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data from 4,764 men with urethral stricture disease who underwent treatment at 13 medical centres in China between 2005 and 2010 were retrospectively collected. The databases were analysed for the possible causes, site and treatment techniques for the urethral stricture, as well as for changes in the causes and management of urethral strictures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common cause of urethral strictures was trauma, which occurred in 2,466 patients (51.76%). The second most common cause was iatrogenic injures, which occurred in 1,643 patients (34.49%). The most common techniques to treat urethral strictures were endourological surgery (1,740, 36.52%), anastomotic urethroplasty (1,498, 31.44%) and substitution urethroplasty (1,039, 21.81%). A comparison between the first 3 years and the last 3 years showed that the constituent ratio of endourological surgery decreased from 54% to 32.75%, whereas the constituent ratios of anastomotic urethroplasty and substitution urethroplasty increased from 26.73% and 19.18% to 39.93% and 27.32%, respectively (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During recent years, there has been an increase in the incidence of urethral strictures caused by trauma and iatrogenic injury. Endourological urethral surgery rates decreased significantly, and open urethroplasty rates increased significantly during the last 3 years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yue-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Lu-Jie
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
authors.forename: Kun-Jie
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: First Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
authors.forename: Zhong-Jin
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Xi
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: The Affiliated Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.
authors.forename: Shao-Xing
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang University School of Medicine, Urumchi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Jie
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinhai Province, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Ming
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Zhen-Hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
authors.forename: Zhong-Hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Qing-Ke
authors.initials: QK
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Min-Kai
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Chinese population; causes; treatment; urethral stricture disease