title: Barcode-like paper sensor for smartphone diagnostics: an application of blood typing.
abstract: This study introduced a barcode-like design into a paper-based blood typing device by integrating with smartphone-based technology. The concept of presenting a paper-based blood typing assay in a barcode-like pattern significantly enhanced the adaptability of the assay to the smartphone technology. The fabrication of this device involved the use of a printing technique to define hydrophilic bar channels which were, respectively, treated with Anti-A, -B, and -D antibodies. These channels were then used to perform blood typing assays by introducing a blood sample. Blood type can be visually identified from eluting lengths in bar channels. A smartphone-based analytical application was designed to read the bar channels, analogous to scanning a barcode, interpret this information, and then report results to users. The proposed paper-based blood typing device is rapidly read by smartphones and easy for the user to operate. We envisage that the adaptation of paper-based devices to the widely accepted smartphone technology will increase the capability of paper-based diagnostics with rapid assay result interpretation, data storage, and transmission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Clayton School of Information Technology, Monash University , Wellington Rd., Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia.
authors.forename: Liyun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Junfei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Miaosi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhaoxiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D001788:Blood Grouping and Crossmatching / Q000379:methods*; D040421:Cell Phone / Q000295:instrumentation; D001330:Electronic Data Processing / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D010209:Paper