title: An update on overweight and obesity in rural Northeast China: from lifestyle risk factors to cardiometabolic comorbidities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Not enough is known about the prevalence of overweight and obesity in rural China in the current decade. We aim to update our knowledge of the prevalence of obesity and its associated risk factors and comorbidities in a large population sample in rural Northeast China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based survey of 11,579 participants aged 35 years and older was conducted in rural areas of Liaoning Province during 2012-2013. Anthropometric measurements, information on health-related variables and blood biochemical indexes were collected by well-trained personnel.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of general obesity and overweight was found to be 7.8% and 37.2%, respectively. The overall prevalence of abdominal obesity was 15.1%. Female gender, ethnic minority, middle-school education and a family income of 5,000-20,000 CNY per year were found to be risk factors for general obesity, while older age, female gender, ethnic minority and longer sleep duration (>8 h/d) increased the risk of abdominal obesity, after adjusting for confounders. Overweight and obese participants had significantly higher risks to develop prehypertension, hypertension, high LDL-C and low HDL-C compared with normal weight participants, while abdominal obesity was associated with increased risks of diabetes and high TG after adjusted for multiple factors. Compared with participants with a normal BMI and no abdominal obesity, the participants classified as abdominally obese and normal BMI; as abdominally obese and overweight; and abdominally obese and generally obese each had a progressive increase in the odds of hypertension (OR: 1.961, 95% CI: 1.154 to 3.331, OR: 2.744, 95% CI: 2.126 to 3.541, and OR: 8.990, 95% CI: 5.858 to 13.795, respectively) and high TG (OR: 3.165, 95% CI: 2.183 to 4.588, OR: 3.980, 95% CI: 3.332 to 4.755, and OR: 4.340, 95% CI: 3.574 to 5.271, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of obesity in rural Northeast China exhibited a remarkably increasing upwards trend. General and abdominal obesity were associated with different subtypes of cardiometabolic comorbidities, the combined effects of which on the comorbidities dramatically increased.
authors.forename: Xiaofan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Liqiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Shasha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Hongmei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yaowen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Luoning
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yonghong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China. yxsun@mail.cmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yingxian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000453:epidemiology; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population