title: Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Anatomy of the Normal Orbit and Eye of the Horse.
abstract: Traumatic and infectious diseases of the eye and orbit can occur in horses. For diagnosis and monitoring of such diseases, medical imaging is useful including computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of the current study was to describe CT and MRI anatomy of the equine orbit and ocular globe. The heads from four adult horses were scanned with a 6-slice Emotion 6 CT (Siemens, Erlangen), and a 3.0 Tesla Siemens Verio 6 MRI using T1 and T2-weighted sequences. To validate CT and MR reference images, these were compared with anatomical models and gross anatomical sections. The bony limits of the orbital cavity, the relationship of the orbit with sinuses and foramina of the skull were well identified by CT. MRI was useful to observe soft tissues and was able to identify adnexae of the ocular globe (eyelids, periorbital fat, extraocular muscles, lacrymal and tarsal glands). Although MRI was able to identify all components of the eye (including the posterior chamber), it could not differentiate sclera from choroid and retina. The only nerve identified was the optic nerve. Vessels were not seen in this series of cadaver heads. This study showed that CT and MRI are useful techniques to image the equine orbit and eye that can have clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Integrated Veterinary Research Unit-Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (IRVU-NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: D'Août
authors.affiliation: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Mont Godinne, Université Catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Nisolle
authors.affiliation: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Mont Godinne, Université Catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Navez
authors.affiliation: Clinique Desbrosse, Saint Lambert des Bois, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Perrin
authors.affiliation: Clinique Desbrosse, Saint Lambert des Bois, France.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Launois
authors.affiliation: Clinique Desbrosse, Saint Lambert des Bois, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brogniez
authors.affiliation: Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Clegg
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Integrated Veterinary Research Unit-Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (IRVU-NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hontoir
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Integrated Veterinary Research Unit-Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (IRVU-NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vandeweerd
mesh_terms: D019412:Anatomy, Cross-Sectional; D000818:Animals; D005123:Eye / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006736:Horses / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000662:veterinary*; D009915:Orbit / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000662:veterinary*