title: Associations between cytokine genes and a symptom cluster of pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and depression in patients prior to breast cancer surgery.
abstract: Pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and depression are common and frequently co-occurring symptoms in oncology patients. This symptom cluster is often attributed to the release of proinflammatory cytokines. The purposes of this study were to determine whether distinct latent classes of patients with breast cancer (n = 398) could be identified based on their experience with this symptom cluster, whether patients in these latent classes differed on demographic and clinical characteristics and whether variations in cytokine genes were associated with latent class membership. Three distinct latent classes were identified: "all low" (61.0%), "low pain and high fatigue" (31.6%), "all high" (7.1%). Compared to patients in the all low class, patients in the all high class were significantly younger, had less education, were more likely to be non-White, had a lower annual income, were more likely to live alone, had a lower functional status, had a higher comorbidity score, and had more advanced disease. Significant associations were found between interleukin 6 (IL6) rs2069845, IL13 rs1295686, and tumor necrosis factor alpha rs18800610 and latent class membership. Findings suggest that variations in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes are associated with this symptom cluster in breast cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Schools of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Sy-Huey
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Doong
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dhruva
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Laura B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.affiliation: Schools of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: West
authors.affiliation: Schools of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.affiliation: Schools of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: Redwood Regional Medical Group, Santa Rosa, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Elboim
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.affiliation: Schools of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Merriman
authors.affiliation: Schools of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Dale J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Langford
authors.affiliation: Schools of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Leutwyler
authors.affiliation: Schools of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baggott
authors.affiliation: Schools of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Kord
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kober
authors.affiliation: Schools of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Bradley E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Aouizerat
authors.affiliation: Schools of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA chris.miaskowski@nursing.ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miaskowski
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013577:Syndrome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: candidate genes; cytokines; depression; fatigue; interleukin; pain; sleep disturbance; symptom cluster; tumor necrosis factor alpha