title: Ethyl acetate fraction from Angelica sinensis inhibits IL-1β-induced rheumatoid synovial fibroblast proliferation and COX-2, PGE2, and MMPs production.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The root of Angelica sinensis (AS), also known as "Dang-gui," was a popular herbal medicine widely used in the treatment of gynecological diseases in China, Korea, and Japan for a long time. This study aimed to determine the effects of ethyl acetate fraction from Angelica sinensis (EAAS) on the interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced proliferation of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs), and production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), cyclooxygenase (COX) 2, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), involved in articular bone and cartilage destruction, by RASFs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RASF proliferation was evaluated with cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) reagent in the presence of IL-1β with/without EAAS. Expression of MMPs, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), COXs, PGE2, and intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling molecules, including p-ERK, p-p38, p-JNK, and NF-κB, were examined using immunoblotting or semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. EAAS inhibited IL-1β-induced RASF proliferation; MMP-1, MMP-3, and COX-2 mRNA and protein expressions; and PGE2 production. EAAS also inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK-1/2, p38, and JNK, and activation of NF-κB by IL-1β.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EAAS might be a new therapeutic modality for rheumatoid arthritis management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University Hospital-Chonbuk National University, San 2-20 Geumam-dong, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk,561-180, South Korea. sezare@naver.com.
authors.forename: Won-Seok
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University Hospital-Chonbuk National University, San 2-20 Geumam-dong, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk,561-180, South Korea. jinhanius@naver.com.
authors.forename: Jin-Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University Hospital-Chonbuk National University, San 2-20 Geumam-dong, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk,561-180, South Korea. dogany1118@naver.com.
authors.forename: Myung-Soon
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University Hospital-Chonbuk National University, San 2-20 Geumam-dong, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk,561-180, South Korea. kuldangi@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Eun-Gyeong
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University Hospital-Chonbuk National University, San 2-20 Geumam-dong, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk,561-180, South Korea. ohyoojung02@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Yoo-Jeong
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University Hospital-Chonbuk National University, San 2-20 Geumam-dong, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk,561-180, South Korea. ywhim@jbnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Wan-Hee
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Yoo
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates; D029971:Angelica sinensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002061:Bursa, Synovial / Q000166:cytology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D029001:Herbal Medicine; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000166:cytology; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C007650:ethyl acetate; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D015232:Dinoprostone