title: Synchrotron-based photon activation therapy effect on cisplatin pre-treated human glioma stem cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the deadliest cancers characterized by very limited sensitivity to chemo- and/or radiotherapy. The presence of GBM stem-like cells in the tumor might be relevant for GBM treatment resistance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To provide a proof-of-concept of the efficacy of photon activation therapy (PAT) using monochromatic synchrotron radiation (SR), in killing GBM stem cells pre-treated with cisplatin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Irradiation was performed using a 1-8 Gy dose range and energies just above or below the platinum K-shell edge (78.39 keV) or with a conventional X-ray source. Cells were exposed to drug concentrations allowing 90% cell survival, mimicking the unfavourable tissue distribution generally achieved in GMB patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  a significant enhancement in cell lethality was observed using SR compared to conventional X-ray irradiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PAT deserved to be further explored in in vivo models based on GBM stem-like cells.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ceresa
authors.affiliation: Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nicolini
authors.affiliation: Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Semperboni
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Beamline (ID17), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Herwig
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Requardt
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Beamline (ID17), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Geraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Le Duc
authors.affiliation: School of Science and Technology - Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santini
authors.affiliation: School of Science and Technology - Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
authors.forename: Maura
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pellei
authors.affiliation: Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bentivegna
authors.affiliation: Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: Leda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dalprà
authors.affiliation: Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy cecilia.ceresa1@unimib.it.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cavaletti
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Beamline (ID17), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bravin
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000532:radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D017785:Photons; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017356:Synchrotrons; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D002945:Cisplatin
keywords: Synchrotron radiation; cisplatin; glioma stem-like cells; radiochemotherapy