title: You'll know when you're ready: a qualitative study exploring how patients decide when the time is right for joint replacement surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While some studies have identified patient readiness as a key component in their decision whether to have total joint replacement surgery (TJR), none have examined how patients determine their readiness for surgery. The study purpose was to explore the concept of patient readiness and describe the factors patients consider when assessing their readiness for TJR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine focus groups (4 pre-surgery, 5 post-surgery) were held in four Canadian cities. Participants had been either referred to or seen by an orthopaedic surgeon for TJR or had undergone TJR. The method of analysis was qualitative thematic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 65 participants, 66% female and 34% male, 80% urban, with an average age of 65 years (SD 10). Readiness reflected both the surgeon's advice that the patient was clinically ready for surgery and the patient's feeling that they were both mentally and physically ready for surgery. Mental readiness was described as an internal state or feeling of being ready or prepared while physical readiness was described as being physically fit and in good shape for surgery. Factors associated with readiness included: 1) pain: its severity, the ability to cope with it, and how it affected their quality of life; 2) mental preparation; 3) physical preparation; 4) the optimal timing of surgery, including age, anticipated rate of deterioration, prosthesis lifespan and the length of the waiting list.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patient readiness should be assessed prior to TJR. By assessing patient readiness, health professionals can elucidate and deal with concerns and fears, understand and calibrate expectations, assess coping strategies, and use this information to help determine optimal timing, both before and after the surgical consultation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada. barbara.spady@ualberta.net.
authors.forename: Barbara L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Conner-Spady
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Gillian A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Hawker
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bohm
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Dunbar
authors.forename: Cy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: Tom W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Noseworthy
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000368:Aged; D019643:Arthroplasty, Replacement; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002170:Canada; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010361:Patients / Q000523:psychology*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011788:Quality of Life