title: Assessment of cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of pyracarbolid by Allium test and micronucleus assay.
abstract: The present study evaluates the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of pyracarbolid using both micronuleus (MN) assay, in human lymphocytes, and Allium cepa assay, in the root meristem cells. In Allium test, EC50 value was determined in order to selecting the test concentrations for the assay and the root tips were treated with 25 ppm (EC50/2), 50 ppm (EC50) and 100 ppm (EC50 × 2) concentrations of pyracarbolid. One percent of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and methyl methane sulfonate (MMS) were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. In the micronucleus assay, the cultures were treated with four concentrations (250, 500, 750 and 1000 µg/ml) of pyracarbolid for 24 and 48 h, negative and positive controls were also used in the experiment parallely. The results showed that mitotic index (MI) significantly reduced with increasing the pyracarbolid concentration at each exposure time. It was also obtained that prophase and metaphase index decreased significantly in all concentration at each exposure time. Anaphase index decreased as well and results were found to be statistically significant, except 24 h. A significant increase was observed in MN frequency in all concentrations and both treatment periods when compared with the controls. Pyracarbolid also caused a significant reduction in the cytokinesis block proliferation index (CBPI) in all concentration and both exposure time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Afyon Kocatepe University , Afyonkarahisar , Turkey .
authors.forename: Arzu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Özkara
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Akyıl
authors.forename: Yasin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Eren
authors.forename: S Feyza
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Erdoğmuş
authors.forename: Muhsin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Konuk
authors.forename: Esra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sağlam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000490:Allium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D000813:Anilides / Q000633:toxicity*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D048749:Cytokinesis / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018519:Meristem / Q000187:drug effects; D048629:Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective / Q000139:chemically induced*; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D008938:Mitosis / Q000187:drug effects; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000813:Anilides; D010575:Pesticides; C012522:pyracarbolid
keywords: Allium test; genotoxicity; human blood lymphocyte; micronucleus assay; pyracarbolid