title: The association between HbA1c, fasting glucose, 1-hour glucose and 2-hour glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test and cardiovascular disease in individuals with elevated risk for diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the association between HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 1-hour (1 hPG) and 2-hour (2 hPG) glucose after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and cardiovascular disease in individuals with elevated risk for diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the relationship between baseline, updated mean and updated (last) value of HbA1c, FPG, 1 hPG and 2 hPG after an oral 75 g glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and acute CVD events in 504 individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) at baseline enrolled in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Follow-up of clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  504 individuals with IGT were followed with yearly evaluations with OGTT, FPG and HbA1c.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relative risk of CVD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over a median follow-up of 9.0 years 34 (6.7%) participants had a CVD event, which increased to 52 (10.3%) over a median follow-up of 13.0 years when including events that occurred among participants following a diagnosis of diabetes. Updated mean HbA1c, 1 hPG and 2 hPG, HR per 1 unit SD of 1.57 (95% CI 1.16 to 2.11), p = 0.0032, 1.51 (1.03 to 2.23), p = 0.036 and 1.60 (1.10 to 2.34), p = 0.014, respectively, but not FPG (p = 0.11), were related to CVD. In analyses of the last value prior to the CVD event the same three glycaemic measurements were associated with the CVD events, with HRs per 1 unit SD of 1.45 (1.06 to 1.98), p = 0.020, 1.55 (1.04 to 2.29), p = 0.030 and 2.19 (1.51 to 3.18), p<0.0001, respectively but only 2 hPG remained significant in pairwise comparisons. Including the follow-up period after diabetes onset updated 2 hPG (p = 0.003) but not updated mean HbA1c (p = 0.08) was related to CVD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current 2 hPG level in people with IGT is associated with increased risk of CVD. This supports its use in screening for prediabetes and monitoring glycaemic levels of people with prediabetes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lind
authors.affiliation: Center for Vascular Prevention, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; King Abdulizaz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Jaakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tuomilehto
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, and Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uusitupa
authors.affiliation: Chalmers University of Technology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Olle
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nerman
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Helsinki, Finland; University of Helsinki, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Finland Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland; Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.affiliation: Finnish Diabetes Association, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Pirjo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ilanne-Parikka
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Sirkka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peltonen
authors.affiliation: Statistiska konsultgruppen, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Aldina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pivodic
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Jaana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lindström
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012306:Risk; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin