title: Proteome profiling of lipopolysaccharide induced L6 rat skeletal muscle cells response to flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is a commonly used medicinal herb in several Asian countries like Korea, China and Japan for thousands of years. It has been reported to have various medicinal properties such as anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of S. baicalensis G at proteome level has not yet been reported. Hence, we performed a proteome analysis to study differentially expressed proteins and its anti-inflammatory role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated L6 skeletal muscle cells response to flavonoids isolated from S. baicalensis G.
  
  
  METHODS
  For that, 150 μg of proteins from the L6 cells of the control (Vehicle only), LPS treated and flavonoid treated groups were separated using 18 cm, pH 4-7 IPG strips in the first dimension and resolved by 12% linear gradient SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The silver stained gels were analyzed by using progenesis SameSpots software and twenty six differentially expressed protein spots (≥ 2 fold, p < 0.05) were selected for matrix assisted laser desorption ionization- time of flight mass spectroscopy/mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) analysis. Also, the expression of COX-2, iNOS and Annexin A2 proteins were analyzed by western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Totally, 12 differentially expressed proteins were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF/MS and database searching, that's involved in inflammatory responses such vimentin, T-box transcription factor TBX3, annexin A1, annexin A2 and annexin A5. In addition, flavonoids inhibited the expression of COX-2, iNOS and Annexin A2 proteins in LPS-stimulated L6 skeletal muscle cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings revealed that the flavonoids from S. baicalensis G. directly protect the LPS stimulated inflammation process in L6 cells and, would be helpful to study further the muscle cell inflammatory mechanism. This is the first proteome study provide the anti-inflammatory mechanism of flavonoids from S. baicalensis G. in LPS stimulated L6 skeletal muscle cells.
authors.forename: Jin A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Arulkumar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nagappan
authors.forename: Hyeon Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Venu Venkatarame Gowda
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Saralamma
authors.forename: Gyeong Eun
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yumnam
authors.forename: Ho Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Suchismita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raha
authors.forename: Eun Hee
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea. paik@catholic.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Paik Soon
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Gon Sup
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D020543:Proteome / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D031364:Scutellaria baicalensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005419:Flavonoids; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011506:Proteins; D020543:Proteome