title: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection: inhibition by polysaccharide from Ginkgo biloba exocarp and mode of its action.
abstract: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is the predominant cause of severe entero-pathogenic diarrhea in swine. Until now there is no recorded clinically effective antiviral chemotherapeutic agent for treatment of diseases caused by PEDV. This study aimed to investigate in vitro anti-PEDV effect of polysaccharide from Ginkgo biloba exocarp and mode of its action. The polysaccharide exhibited potent antiviral activity against PEDV reducing the formation of a visible CPE [a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50)=1.7±1.3μg/mL], compared to positive control, ribavirin and it did not show cytotoxicity at 100μg/mL [a 50% cytotoxicity concentration (CC50)=100μg/mL]. Polysaccharide also showed effective inhibitory effects when added at the viral attachment and entry steps. Moreover, polysaccharide effectively inactivated PEDV infection in time-, dose- and temperature-dependent manners. Overall, this research revealed that polysaccharide could inhibit PEDV infection, and that polysaccharide may be involved in PEDV-Vero cell interactions, as the virus attachment and entry to the Vero cells was hindered by the polysaccharide. Therefore, polysaccharide possessing effective inhibitory effect on viral attachment and entry steps of PEDV life cycle is a good candidate for development of antivirals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Beauty Science, Kwangju Women's University, Gwangju 506-713, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Beauty Design, Tongwon University, Kwangju, Kyonggi 464-711, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jang-Soon
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Mokwon University, Daejeon 302-729, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Woong
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Natural Science, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon, 300-716, Korea.
authors.forename: Seock-Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Elohim Co. R&D Center, 11-3 Techno 1ro (Gwanpyeong-dong 1337), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-509, Korea. Electronic address: eun-js@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Bae-Eun
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Department of Beauty Science, Kwangju Women's University, Gwangju 506-713, South Korea. Electronic address: rerived@kwu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hwa-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D020441:Ginkgo biloba / Q000737:chemistry*; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053485:Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus / Q000187:drug effects*; D013552:Swine; D013696:Temperature; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D011134:Polysaccharides
keywords: Antiviral activity; Ginkgo biloba exocarp; Mode; Polysaccharide; Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)