title: Double-eyelid surgery using septoaponeurosis junctional thickening results in dynamic fold in asians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To avoid a static double-eyelid fold characterized by nonmobile overdepression of the fold, we propose a new surgical approach of using septoaponeurosis junctional thickening (SAJT) to create a dynamic fold.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six hundred eighty patients underwent double-eyelid surgery using the SAJT fixation technique. The orbital septum was exposed and transversely opened superior to the incision margin. The lower septal stump was trimmed to expose the SAJT. The dermis and orbicularis oculi muscle of the lower flap of the upper eyelid were attached to the SAJT. Patients were followed for 2-8 years (mean, 3.6 y). Anatomic study with 28 upper eyelids from 28 Korean adult cadavers was performed to confirm the histological structure of the SAJT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This technique created a dynamic fold. When the eyes were open, the fold depth was moderate. When the eyes were closed, the fold site was smooth and not depressed. The surgery had a 95% patient satisfaction rate (365 responded as satisfied and 236 responded as very satisfied). Postoperative complications included partial or complete loss of the double-eyelid line in 14 and 4 cases, respectively, hypertrophic scar formation in 7 cases, and asymmetric fold in 8 cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors introduce a double-eyelid surgery technique using the SAJT. This SAJT fixation technique creates a dynamic double-eyelid fold. Our study showed a high patient satisfaction rate and that the resulting fold mimics the movement of the congenital supratarsal fold in Asians.
authors.affiliation: Ohkims Plastic Surgical Clinic, Ilsan, South Korea; Department of Plastic Surgery, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea; Dream Medical Group, Los Angeles, Calif.; and Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Calif.
authors.forename: Hong Seok
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Ohkims Plastic Surgical Clinic, Ilsan, South Korea; Department of Plastic Surgery, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea; Dream Medical Group, Los Angeles, Calif.; and Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Calif.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Ohkims Plastic Surgical Clinic, Ilsan, South Korea; Department of Plastic Surgery, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea; Dream Medical Group, Los Angeles, Calif.; and Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Calif.
authors.forename: Chang Kyung
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Ohkims Plastic Surgical Clinic, Ilsan, South Korea; Department of Plastic Surgery, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea; Dream Medical Group, Los Angeles, Calif.; and Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Calif.
authors.forename: Kenneth K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Kim