title: The influence of shoulder pain on functional limitation, perceived health, and depressive mood in patients with traumatic paraplegia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether functional activity, perceived health, and depressive symptoms differ between individuals with traumatic paraplegia with and without shoulder pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional and comparative investigation using the unified questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neural Regeneration and Repair Division unit of Taipei Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-six patients with paraplegia (23 with and 53 without shoulder pain) who had experienced spinal cord injury at American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale T2 to T12 neurologic level (at least 6 months previously).
  
  
  METHODS
  Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM), a single item from the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) depression scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Shoulder pain was prevalent in 30% patients. Patients with shoulder pain had significantly worse perceived health and greater depressive symptoms than those without. No significant difference was found in functional ability between groups. Greater shoulder pain intensity was related to higher depressive scores (r=0.278, P=0.017) and lower self-perceived health scores (r=-0.433, P<0.001) but not SCIM scores (P=0.342).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although shoulder pain was unrelated to functional limitation, it was associated with lower perceived health and higher depressive mood levels.
authors.forename: Jia-Chi
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Rai-Chi
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Yun-An
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Wen-Cheng
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Henrich
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Han-Lin
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shih-Fong
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Depression; Disability evaluation; Quality of life; Shoulder pain; Spinal cord injuries