title: Impact of copper (Cu) at the dose of 50 mg on haematological and biochemical blood parameters in turkeys, and level of Cu accumulation in the selected tissues as a source of information on product safety for consumers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The current state-of the art points to a positive impact of copper (Cu) supplements on the general health status in poultry. Copper induces beneficial changes in the haematological and biochemical blood parameters. It also displays immunostimulating properties and helps maintain a proper microbiological balance in the digestive tract.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of Cu at the dose of 50 mg/kg BW, administered in organic and inorganic form, on the haematological and biochemical blood parameters and level of Cu bioaccumulation in the liver and pectoral muscle.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out on 45 BUT-9 turkeys which had been were reared for 16 weeks. They were divided into 3 experimental groups: I - the control group; II - fed with CuSO4 at the dose of 50 mg Cu•dm (-3) H2O; III - received a Cu chelate with lysine at the same dose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The administration of Cu at the dose exceeding the nutritional recommendations did not induce beneficial changes in the examined birds. This indicates that it is not necessary to administer Cu doses higher than the recommended levels. The extent of Cu accumulation in the pectoral muscle increased by 40% compared to the control group, whereas in the liver it was higher by 30-35% than in the birds without Cu administration. The level of Cu in tissues does not pose a risk to consumers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The supplementation of Cu at the dose of 50 mg has a negative impact on the level of the analyzed parameters. The results of the presented study indicate that the administered Cu dose exceeds birds' demand for this element.
authors.affiliation: Chair of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Department of Breeding and Pig Production, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Bogusław
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Makarski
authors.affiliation: Chair of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Department of Breeding and Pig Production, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Mateusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gortat
authors.affiliation: Chair of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Department of Breeding and Pig Production, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lechowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Alergology and Environmental Hazards, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Wioletta
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zukiewicz-Sobczak
authors.affiliation: University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sobczak
authors.affiliation: University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Kazimierz
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zawiślak
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003300:Copper / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019327:Copper Sulfate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006403:Hematologic Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D008239:Lysine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D014422:Turkeys / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D002614:Chelating Agents; D003300:Copper; D008239:Lysine; D019327:Copper Sulfate