title: Implant and clinical characteristics for pediatric and congenital heart patients in the national cardiovascular data registry implantable cardioverter defibrillator registry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 2010, the National Cardiovascular Data Registry enhanced pediatric, nonatherosclerotic structural heart disease and congenital heart disease (CHD) data collection. This report characterizes CHD and pediatric patients undergoing implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this article, we report implantable cardioverter defibrillator procedures (April 2010 to December 2012) in the registry for 2 cohorts: (1) all patients with CHD (atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, Ebstein anomaly, transposition of the great vessels, and common ventricle) and (2) patients <21 years. We evaluated indications and characteristics to include transvenous and nontransvenous lead implants, CHD type, and New York Heart Association class. There were 3139 CHD procedures, 1601 for patients <21 years and 126 for CHD <21 years. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator indications for patients with CHD were primary prevention in 1943 (61.9%) and secondary prevention in 1107 (35.2%). Pediatric patients had 935 (58.4%) primary prevention and 588 (36.7%) secondary prevention devices. Primary prevention had higher New York Heart Association class. Nontransvenous age (35.9 ± 23.2 versus 40.1 ± 24.6 years; P=0.05) and nontransvenous height (167.1 ± 18.9 cm; range, 53-193 cm versus 170.4 ± 13.1 cm; range, 61-203 cm; P<0.01) were lower than for transvenous patients. CHD and pediatrics had similar rates of transvenous (97%) and nontransvenous (3%) leads and did not differ from the overall registry. Transposition of the great vessels and common ventricle had higher rates of nontransvenous leads.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary prevention exceeds secondary prevention for CHD and pediatrics. Nontransvenous lead patients were younger, with higher rates of transposition of the great vessels and common ventricle patients compared with transvenous lead patients.
authors.affiliation: From the Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC (C.P.J., V.F., C.I.B.); Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Y.W., J.P.C.); and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (M.J.G.).
authors.forename: Christopher P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.affiliation: From the Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC (C.P.J., V.F., C.I.B.); Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Y.W., J.P.C.); and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (M.J.G.).
authors.forename: Vicki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Freedenberg
authors.affiliation: From the Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC (C.P.J., V.F., C.I.B.); Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Y.W., J.P.C.); and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (M.J.G.).
authors.forename: Yongfei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: From the Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC (C.P.J., V.F., C.I.B.); Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Y.W., J.P.C.); and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (M.J.G.).
authors.forename: Jeptha P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.affiliation: From the Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC (C.P.J., V.F., C.I.B.); Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Y.W., J.P.C.); and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (M.J.G.).
authors.forename: Marye J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gleva
authors.affiliation: From the Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC (C.P.J., V.F., C.I.B.); Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Y.W., J.P.C.); and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (M.J.G.). cberul@childrensnational.org.
authors.forename: Charles I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Berul
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D055502:Secondary Prevention / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: child; defibrillators, implantable; heart defects, congenital