title: Efficacy evaluation of Bauhinia variegata L. stem bark powder as adjunct therapy in chronic Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in goat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to study the effect of Bauhinia variegata L. stem bark powder as adjunct therapy in chronic Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in goat.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mastitis was induced by intracisternal inoculation of coagulase positive S. aureus (J638) at the concentration of 2000 colony forming units. Group I animals were treated with repeated dose of ceftriaxone at 20 mg/kg intravenously, and Group II animals were treated with once daily oral administration of B. variegata L. stem bark powder at 6 g/kg for 7 days followed by maintenance dose at 3 g/kg for next 7 days along with repeated dose of the antibiotic at 20 mg/kg intravenously at 4 days interval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant improvement in the clinical condition of the udder was noticed in the group treated with repeated dose of ceftriaxone alone. However, in the group treated with B. variegata L. stem bark powder along with repeated dose of ceftriaxone, no S. aureus colony was seen at 96 h and onwards in milk samples with a marked decrease in somatic cell count and milk alkaline phosphatase activity and increased lactoperoxidase activity. Further, plasma and milk concentration of ceftriaxone/ceftizoxime was increased, which indicated antibacterial, bioenhancing and antiinflammatory properties of the bark powder. The Group II animals also exhibited marked reduction in polymorphonuclear cells and fibrous tissue indicating antifibrotic property of B. variegata L.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  B. variegata L. stem bark powder can be considered as an effective adjunct therapy to intravenous ceftriaxone in S. aureus chronic mastitis in goat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Jeevan Ranjan
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Dash
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Tapas Kumar
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Sar
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Indranil
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Samanta
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Subodh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Madhuchhanda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Nimai Charan
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Patra
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Uttam
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Asit Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Maji
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Tapan Kumar
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Mandal
keywords: Bauhinia variegata L. ceftriaxone; Staphylococcus aureus; chronic mastitis; goat