title: Serum resistin levels in children with primary snoring.
abstract: Primary Snoring (PS) has been positioned at the milder end of the Sleep-Disordered Breathing severity continuum characterized by snoring and it is usually underestimated. PS is defined as snoring without apnea, frequent arousals, or gas exchange abnormalities and recent studies demonstrated that children with PS have increased blood pressure and reduced arterial distensibility. The association between adipokines and SDB has been recently investigated, though most of the studies were focused on OSAS where intermittent hypoxia characterizing the disease may lead to an inflammatory cascade and to the release of several adipokines, contributing to oxidative stress. Resistin, initially described s an adipokine increasing insulin resistance, has been recently identified as a novel important member of the cytokine family involved in the regulation of inflammation. The aim of our study was to investigate circulating resistin levels in normal weight children with PS. Sixty-five children of normal weight aged between 4 and 14 years of age were selected for habitual snoring. Children with positive polysomnography were excluded from the study. Serum resistin levels were detected in all children with PS. Thirty-three healthy non-snorer children with similar age, sex and BMI were selected as a control group. A significantly higher level of resistin was observed in patients with PS compared to the control group (4.67±1.91 ng/ml vs 3.98±1.58 ng/ml; p<0.01). Patients with inconclusive pulse oximetry showed significantly higher resistin levels than those with negative recordings recordings (5.29±1.91 ng/ml vs 4.20±1.93 ng/ml; p<0.008). Moreover, there was a significant increasing trend between sieric adipokine level and the frequency of snoring (p<0.006). Our results suggest that systemic inflammation and oxidative stress may also play a significant role in the pathophysiology of PS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Zicari
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Unit, Bambino Ges&#x00F9; Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cutrera
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Occasi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Carbone
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cesoni Marcelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Castro
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Indinnimeo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tancredi
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Galandrini
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giuffrida
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duse
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D052243:Resistin / Q000097:blood*; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000097:blood; D012913:Snoring / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: C499624:RETN protein, human; D052243:Resistin