title: Drivers of overweight mothers' food choice behaviors depend on child gender.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  National data suggest a higher prevalence of obesity among boys. One possible cause could be the food choices made by parents on behalf of their children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to determine whether and how mothers' food choices for their children differ by child gender and to understand the drivers of these differences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were analyzed from a randomized controlled trial conducted using a virtual reality-based buffet restaurant. Overweight mothers filled out questionnaires and received an information module. They were then immersed in a virtual buffet restaurant to select a lunch for their 4- to 5-year-old child.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 221 overweight mothers recruited, 55% identified their daughters as the child for whom they would be choosing the food. The caloric content of boys' meals was 43 calories higher than girls' (p = .015). This difference was due to extra calories from the less healthy food category (p = .04). Multivariate analyses identified more predictors of calorie choices for daughters' than sons' meals. Predictors of calories chosen for girls included: having both biological parents overweight (β = 0.26; p = .003), mother's weight (β = 0.17; p = .05), mother's education (β = -0.28; p = .001), her restriction of her child's food intake (β = -0.20; p = .02), and her beliefs about the importance of genetics in causing obesity (β = 0.19; p = .03). Mother's weight was the sole predictor of boys' meal calories (β = 0.20; p = .04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences in dietary choices made for young girls and boys may contribute to lifelong gender differences in eating patterns. A better understanding of differences in feeding choices made for girls versus boys could improve the design of childhood obesity prevention interventions.
authors.affiliation: Social and Behavioral Research Branch, NIH/NHGRI, Bethesda, MD, USA. Electronic address: sofia.bouhlal@nih.gov.
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bouhlal
authors.affiliation: Social and Behavioral Research Branch, NIH/NHGRI, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Colleen M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: McBride
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Dianne S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.affiliation: Social and Behavioral Research Branch, NIH/NHGRI, Bethesda, MD, USA. Electronic address: perskys@mail.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Persky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002755:Choice Behavior; D004032:Diet; D004435:Eating; D004522:Educational Status; D002149:Energy Intake; D005190:Family; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000523:psychology; D050177:Overweight; D016487:Parenting; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000209:etiology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Body weight; Child gender; Feeding behavior; Overweight mothers