title: Extraction of incarcerated medial epicondyle from the elbow joint using conventional nerve stimulator: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Incarceration of the medial epicondyle is a well-recognised sequelae following closed reduction of the elbow. Manipulation for extraction is not usually successful and hence an incarcerated medial epicondyle is usually an indication for open reduction and fixation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe a simple technique of closed reduction using a conventional nerve stimulator to extract an incarcerated medial epicondyle in a 13-year-old Caucasian boy. This technique uses contraction of the attached common flexor muscles to indirectly extract the trapped medial epicondyle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is a simple technique using a commonly available nerve stimulator and may obviate the need for extensile open reduction for extraction of the incarcerated medial epicondyle. We would recommend this technique where closed reduction methods have failed.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dorman
authors.forename: Sankur
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sripada
authors.forename: Ben A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Clift
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK. ajariwala@dundee.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Arpit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jariwala
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008349:Manipulation, Orthopedic / Q000379:methods*; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation; D000092464:Elbow Injuries