title: Toxicological aspects of trans fat consumption over two sequential generations of rats: Oxidative damage and preference for amphetamine.
abstract: Chronic consumption of processed food causes structural changes in membrane phospholipids, affecting brain neurotransmission. Here we evaluated noxious influences of dietary fats over two generations of rats on amphetamine (AMPH)-conditioned place preference (CPP). Female rats received soybean oil (SO, rich in n-6 fatty acids (FA)), fish oil (FO, rich in n-3 FA) and hydrogenated vegetable fat (HVF, rich in trans fatty acids (TFA)) for two successive generations. Male pups from the 2nd generation were maintained on the same supplementation until 41 days of age, when they were conditioned with AMPH in CPP. While the FO group showed higher incorporation of n-3 polyunsaturated-FA (PUFA) in cortex/hippocampus, the HVF group showed TFA incorporation in these same brain areas. The SO and HVF groups showed AMPH-preference and anxiety-like symptoms during abstinence. Higher levels of protein carbonyl (PC) and lower levels of non-protein thiols (NPSH) were observed in cortex/hippocampus of the HVF group, indicating antioxidant defense system impairment. In contrast, the FO group showed no drug-preference and lower PC levels in cortex. Cortical PC was positively correlated with n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, locomotion and anxiety-like behavior, and hippocampal PC was positively correlated with AMPH-preference, reinforcing connections between oxidative damage and AMPH-induced preference/abstinence behaviors. As brain incorporation of trans and n-6 PUFA modifies its physiological functions, it may facilitate drug addiction.
authors.affiliation: Programa de pós Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria-UFSM, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fábio Teixeira
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.affiliation: Programa de pós Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria-UFSM, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabíola
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Trevizol
authors.affiliation: Programa de pós Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria-UFSM, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Verônica Tironi
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.affiliation: Programa de pós Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria-UFSM, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raquel Cristine Silva
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Barcelos
authors.affiliation: Programa de pós Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria-UFSM, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila Simonetti
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Pase
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, UFSM, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Roversi
authors.affiliation: Programa de pós Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria-UFSM, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Caren Tatiane de David
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Antoniazzi
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, UFSM, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Katiane
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Roversi
authors.affiliation: Programa de pós Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria-UFSM, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nardeli
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Boufleur
authors.affiliation: Programa de pós Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria-UFSM, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dalila Moter
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Benvegnú
authors.affiliation: Programa de pós Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria-UFSM, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, UFSM, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Emanuelli
authors.affiliation: Programa de pós Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria-UFSM, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, UFSM, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: mariliseeb@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Marilise Escobar
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bürger
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001007:Anxiety / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000523:psychology; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D058999:Drug-Seeking Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids; D013024:Soybean Oil
keywords: Abstinence symptoms; Addiction; Fish oil; Trans fat; n-3 Fatty acids; n-6 Fatty acids