title: Cognitive Improvement of Attention and Inhibition in the Late Afternoon in Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Treated With Osmotic-Release Oral System Methylphenidate.
abstract: Long-acting medications have been developed and approved for use in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These compounds are intended to optimize and maintain symptoms control throughout the day. We tested prolonged effects of osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate on both attention and inhibition, in the late afternoon. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was conducted in 36 boys (7-12 years) with ADHD and 40 typically developing children. The ADHD children received an individualized dose of placebo or osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate. They were tested about 8 hours after taking with 2 continuous performance tests (continuous performance test-X [CPT-X] and continuous performance test-AX [CPT-AX]) and a counting Stroop. A positive effect of osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate was present in CPT-AX with faster and less variable reaction times under osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate than under placebo, and no difference with typically developing children. In the counting Stroop, we found a decreased interference with osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate but no difference between children with ADHD under placebo and typically developing children.
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit, Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium Research Unit in Cognitive Neurosciences, Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium Department of Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium hichem.slama@ulb.ac.be.
authors.forename: Hichem
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Slama
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit, Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium Research Unit in Cognitive Neurosciences, Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium Department of Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fery
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Verheulpen
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Etude et de Formation pour l'Education Spécialisée, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vanzeveren
authors.affiliation: ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium Department of Pediatric Neurology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van Bogaert
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D001288:Attention; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008774:Methylphenidate
keywords: attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); long-acting medication; treatment