title: Heart rate recovery after maximal exercise is blunted in hypertensive seniors.
abstract: Abnormal heart rate recovery (HRR) after maximal exercise may indicate autonomic dysfunction and is a predictor for cardiovascular mortality. HRR is attenuated with aging and in middle-age hypertensive patients, but it is unknown whether HRR is attenuated in older-age adults with hypertension. This study compared HRR among 16 unmedicated stage 1 hypertensive (HTN) participants [nine men/seven women; 68 ± 5 (SD) yr; awake ambulatory blood pressure (BP) 149 ± 10/87 ± 7 mmHg] and 16 normotensive [control (CON)] participants (nine men/seven women; 67 ± 5 yr; 122 ± 4/72 ± 5 mmHg). HR, BP, oxygen uptake (V̇o2), cardiac output (Qc), and stroke volume (SV) were measured at rest, at two steady-state work rates, and graded exercise to peak during maximal treadmill exercise. During 6 min of seated recovery, the change in HR (ΔHR) was obtained every minute and BP every 2 min. In addition, HRR and R-R interval (RRI) recovery kinetics were analyzed using a monoexponential function, and the indexes (HRRI and RRII) were calculated. Maximum V̇o2, HR, Qc, and SV responses during exercise were not different between groups. ΔHR was significantly different (P < 0.001) between the HTN group (26 ± 8) and the CON group (36 ± 12 beats/min) after 1 min of recovery but less convincing at 2 min (P = 0.055). BP recovery was similar between groups. HRRI was significantly lower (P = 0.016), and there was a trend of lower RRII (P = 0.066) in the HTN group compared with the CON group. These results show that in older-age adults, HRR is attenuated further with the presence of hypertension, which may be attributable to an impairment of autonomic function.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Stuart A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Best
authors.affiliation: Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; and.
authors.forename: Tiffany B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Bivens
authors.affiliation: Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; and.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dean Palmer
authors.affiliation: Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; and.
authors.forename: Kara N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.affiliation: Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Melyn Galbreath
authors.affiliation: Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.affiliation: Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Graeme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carrick-Ranson
authors.affiliation: Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas QiFu@texashealth.org.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.affiliation: Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.affiliation: Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hastings
authors.affiliation: Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.affiliation: Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tarumi
authors.affiliation: Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Benjamin D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.affiliation: Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular
keywords: autonomic function; exercise; heart rate recovery; hypertension