title: Links between trajectories of self-reported violent and nonviolent offending and official offending during adolescence and adulthood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the associations between self-reported offending and official offending whilst considering different types of offences.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aims of the present study are to identify developmental trajectories of self-reported violent and nonviolent offending (SRVO; SRNVO) and to examine their associations with official violent and nonviolent offences (as juveniles and adults).
  
  
  METHODS
  Developmental trajectories of SRVO and SRNVO from 11 to 17 years of age were estimated with data from the Montreal Longitudinal and Experimental Study, a prospective longitudinal study of 1037 boys from disadvantaged neighbourhoods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five trajectories of SRVO (i.e. Chronic, Desisting, Delayed, Moderate and Low) and three trajectories of SRNVO (Chronic, Moderate and Low) were identified. Chronic, Desisting and Delayed trajectories of SRVO were associated with violent and nonviolent official offending in adolescence and early adulthood, over and above the trajectories of SRNVO. In comparison, trajectories of SRNVO were weakly and inconsistently associated with official offending, once controlling for their overlap with trajectories of SRVO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individuals on high trajectories of violent offending during adolescence are most at risk for being exposed to the justice system both concurrently and longitudinally. Differentiating violent and nonviolent offending can help resolve part of the discordance between self-reported and official offending.
authors.affiliation: School of Criminology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Nathalie M G
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Fontaine
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lacourse
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vitaro
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Tremblay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D000374:Aggression; D003416:Criminal Law; D057237:Criminals / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007604:Juvenile Delinquency / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012649:Self Concept; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014754:Violence / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult