title: Ratiometric fluorescence detection of fluoride ion by indole-based receptor.
abstract: A novel artificial receptor 1 containing the indolocarbazole-NH moieties as the recognition sites exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity toward F(-) over other typical anionic species in DMSO solution. Upon addition of F(-) into the solution, receptor 1 showed a remarkable ratiometric shift of the fluorescence maximum from 535 to 590 nm, and also a prominent color change from light yellow to orange, which was observable by the naked eye. The recognition properties of receptor 1 were investigated by (1)H NMR, UV-vis, and fluorescence titration experiments, with the results suggesting a two-step strategy of binding with F(-). In addition, the theoretical calculations were carried out to reveal the role of intramolecular charge transfer in the ratiometric fluorescence recognition process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and TKL of Metal- and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Xiu-Ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and TKL of Metal- and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Ya-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and TKL of Metal- and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Ying-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and TKL of Metal- and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and TKL of Metal- and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Chao
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and TKL of Metal- and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. Electronic address: jxu@nankai.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and TKL of Metal- and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Xian-He
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Bu
mesh_terms: D003124:Colorimetry; D005453:Fluorescence; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis*; D007211:Indoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D062165:Receptors, Artificial / Q000737:chemistry*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; D062165:Receptors, Artificial; C030374:indole; D005459:Fluorides
keywords: Anions; Cations; Colorimetric sensing; Fluoride recognition; Ratiometric fluorescence