title: Three-dimensional pre-bent titanium implant for concomitant orbital floor and medial wall fractures in an East asian population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this article is to evaluate clinical outcomes of combined orbital floor and medial wall fracture repair using a three-dimensional pre-bent titanium implant in an East Asian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and radiologic data were analyzed for 11 patients with concomitant orbital floor and medial wall fractures. A combined transcaruncular and inferior fornix approach with lateral canthotomy was used for the exposure of fractures. An appropriate three-dimensional preformed titanium implant was selected and inserted according to the characteristics of a given defect.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Follow-up time ranged from 2 to 6 months (median, 4.07 months). All patients had a successful treatment outcome without any complications. Clinically significant enophthalmos was not observed after treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three-dimensional pre-bent titanium implants are appropriate for use in the East Asian population, with a high success rate of anatomic restoration of the orbital volume and prevention of enophthalmos in combined orbital floor and medial wall fracture cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Min
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Plastic Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Ung
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Tack
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Suk Wha
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Plastic Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eui Cheol
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Jeong
keywords: Enophthalmos; Orbital fractures; Orbital implant