title: Pain in children--are we accomplishing the optimal pain treatment?
abstract: Morphine, paracetamol and local anesthetics have for a long time been the foremost used analgesics in the pediatric patient by tradition but not always enough effective and associated with side effects. The purpose with this article is to propose alternative approaches in pain management, not always supported up by substantial scientific work but from a combination of science and clinical experience in the field. The scientific literature has been reviewed in parts regarding different aspects of pain assessment and analgesics used for treatment of diverse pain conditions with focus on procedural and acute pain. Clinical experience has been added to form the suggested improvements in accomplishing an improved pain management in pediatric patients. The aim with pain management in children should be a tailored analgesic medication with an individual acceptable pain level and optimal degree of mobilization with as little side effects as possible. Simple techniques of pain control are as effective as and complex techniques in pediatrics but the technique used is not of the highest importance in achieving a good pain management. Increased interest and improved education of the doctors prescribing analgesics is important in accomplishing a better pain management. The optimal treatment with analgesics is depending on the analysis of pain origin and analgesics used should be adjusted thereafter. A multimodal treatment regime is advocated for optimal analgesic effect.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Pain Treatment Service, Department of Pediatric Anesthesia, Operating Services and Intensive Care, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Intitutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lundeberg
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics
keywords: analgesics; opioids; pain; pediatric; procedure; treatment