title: Potential risk factors for varicose veins with superficial venous reflux.
abstract: The objective of the study is to evaluate a range of potential risk factors in the etiology of varicose veins with superficial venous reflux. Forty-nine patients attending a cardiovascular surgery clinic for the management of varicose disease between 2009 and 2010 were enrolled for the study. The age range of the patient group was 44,04 ± 15,05 years and female/male (F/M) ratio was 30/19. Twenty-six normal, healthy volunteers with the age of 40,94 ± 13,60 years and with the female/male ratio of 15/11 acted as control subjects. We investigated several parameters including body mass index, age, birth number > 1, standing for a long time (standing for 8 or more hours without taking a break), systemic diseases, family history, venous Doppler fındings, the levels of homocysteine, ferritin, vitamin B12, and hemoglobin, sedimentation rate, mean corpuscular volume, low density lipoprotein, and rheumatoid factor of the patient group and the control group. We also determined the contribution of the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase 677 C>T and 1298 A>C gene polymorphisms and FV Leiden in both groups. In this small study, there appears to be no association between varicose veins and body mass index, smoking, type 2 DM, hypertension, family history, and birth number. A history of increased standing duration period (>8 hours) and rheumatoid factor positivity have association with varicose veins with superficial venous reflux.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Atatürk Education and Research Hospital, Bilkent, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nazmiye
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6009-4617
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Selçuk Kapısız
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, 06340 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tülin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uzun Kulaoğlu
authors.affiliation: Hematology Department, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, 06340 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Turgay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fen
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Ankara Yenimahalle State Hospital, 06170 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hasan Fahri
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Kapısız