title: Enhancing facial aesthetics with muscle retraining exercises-a review.
abstract: Facial attractiveness plays a key role in social interaction. 'Smile' is not only a single category of facial behaviour, but also the emotion of frank joy which is expressed on the face by the combined contraction of the muscles involved. When a patient visits the dental clinic for aesthetic reasons, the dentist considers not only the chief complaint but also the overall harmony of the face. This article describes muscle retraining exercises to achieve control over facial movements and improve facial appearance which may be considered following any type of dental rehabilitation. Muscle conditioning, training and strengthening through daily exercises will help to counter balance the aging effects.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Dr. D.Y.Patil Dental College and Hospital , Nerul, Navi-Mumbai, Maharastra, India .
authors.forename: Raina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: D'souza
authors.affiliation: Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, Dr. D.Y.Patil Dental College and Hospital , Nerul, Navi-Mumbai, Maharastra, India .
authors.forename: Ashwini
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kini
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Conservative and Restorative Dentistry, Bhabha Dental College and Hospital , Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Henston
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: D'souza
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Dr. D.Y.Patil Dental College and Hospital , Nerul, Navi-Mumbai, Maharastra, India .
authors.forename: Nitin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shetty
authors.affiliation: Professor and Head , Department of Prosthodontics, Dr. D.Y.Patil Dental College and Hospital , Nerul, Navi-Mumbai, Maharastra, India .
authors.forename: Omkar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Shetty
keywords: Aging; Facial aesthetics; Smile; Stress