title: A synthetic stimulant never tested in humans, 1,3-dimethylbutylamine (DMBA), is identified in multiple dietary supplements.
abstract: A synthetic stimulant never before studied in humans, 1,3-dimethylbutylamine (DMBA), was suspected of being present in dietary supplements. DMBA is an analogue of the pharmaceutical stimulant, 1,3-dimethylamylamine (DMAA), which was recently banned by the US Food and Drug Administration. We obtained all dietary supplements sold by US distributors that listed an ingredient on the label, such as AMP Citrate, that might be a marketing name for DMBA. Supplements were analyzed for the presence and quantity of DMBA. Fourteen supplements met our inclusion criteria and were analyzed by two separate laboratories using ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) - mass spectrometry and a reference standard. The identity of DMBA was confirmed in 12 supplements in the range of 13 to 120 mg DMBA per serving. Following recommendations on the supplement label for maximum daily intake, customers would consume from 26 to 320 mg of DMBA per day. Supplements containing DMBA were marketed to improve athletic performance, increase weight loss and enhance brain function. DMBA has never before been detected in supplements. The stimulant has never been studied in humans; its efficacy and safety are entirely unknown. Regulatory agencies should act expeditiously to warn consumers and remove DMBA from all dietary supplements.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School, Cambridge Health Alliance, 1493 Cambridge Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Pieter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Travis
authors.forename: Bastiaan J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Venhuis
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000032:analysis*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis*; D004340:Drug Contamination; D006801:Humans; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; C000601638:1,3-dimethylbutylamine
keywords: adulteration; dietary supplements; stimulants