title: Beverages of lemon juice and exotic noni and papaya with potential for anticholinergic effects.
abstract: Lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.) juice beverages enriched either with noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) (LN) or papaya (Carica papaya L.) (LP), were characterized by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS(n), the antioxidant capacity was evaluated by (DPPH·), superoxide (O2(·-)), hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) assays, and their potential as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitors was also assessed. The fruits are rich in a wide range of bioactive phenolics. Regarding DPPH·, ·OH and HOCl assays, the LP displayed strong activity, and LN was the most active against O2(·-). Concerning cholinesterases, LP was the most active, mainly due to lemon juice contribution. The effect on the cholinesterases was not as strong as in previous reports on purified extracts, but the bioactive-rich beverages offer the possibility of dietary coadjutants for daily consumption of health-promoting substances by adults with aging-related cognitive or physical disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, E-30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Amadeo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gironés-Vilaplana
authors.affiliation: REQUIMTE/Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valentão
authors.affiliation: REQUIMTE/Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Paula B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, E-30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferreres
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, E-30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain. Electronic address: dmoreno@cebas.csic.es.
authors.forename: Diego A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, E-30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: García-Viguera
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D029441:Carica / Q000737:chemistry*; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D004032:Diet; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D032066:Morinda / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists
keywords: Anticholinergic; Antioxidant; Bioactive; Exotic fruits; Lemon juice; Noni; Papaya