title: Differences between spent hens of different genotype in performance, meat yield and suitability of the meat for sausage production.
abstract: The valorization of spent hens via the food chain has some major limitations, which include low meat yield and tough meat. The latter issue can be overcome by producing convenience foods; the first may be alleviated by employing a genotype with higher meatiness. To quantitatively compare two common layer genotypes in production performance, meat yield and sausage quality, 2200 57 weeks old Institut de Sélection Animale (ISA) Warren and Dekalb White hens each were investigated during the last 60 days of egg laying. The hens were housed in an aviary system in 2×10 compartments (10 compartments/each genotype). Measurements included feed intake, laying performance, egg weight and feed conversion ratio as measured per compartment. BW was determined twice on 10 animals per compartment. Finally, two sub-groups of five hens per compartment were slaughtered, meat yield was recorded and bratwurst-type sausages were produced (n=20 per genotype). Fat proportion, cooking loss, connective tissue properties and Kramer shear energy were measured. After 1, 4, 7 and 10 months of frozen storage, oxidative stability (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)) and microbiological status were determined as shelf-life related criteria. ANOVA was performed considering genotype as the main effect. The ISA Warren hens were inferior in laying performance (-11%) and feed conversion ratio (+10%) compared with Dekalb White, but had the same feed intake. The ISA Warren had higher BW and carcass weight than the Dekalb White. Carcass yield was higher by 5.9%. There were 80 g (23%) more meat available for sausage production from ISA Warren compared with Dekalb White. Sausages prepared from meat of ISA Warren hens contained less fat than those from Dekalb White, but showed the same cooking loss. Although the collagen proportion of the sausages produced from ISA Warren was lower than from Dekalb White, collagen solubility was lower and shear energy was higher. During the 10 months of frozen storage, TBARS increased continuously, but not to an extent that would prevent its use as food. The sausages from the ISA Warren genotype had marginally higher TBARS levels during storage. Total colony counts decreased with storage time, with slightly lower values found in the non-spiced sausage material from the ISA Warren hens. In conclusion, when intending to use spent hens as food, ISA Warren are clearly superior to Dekalb White in meat and sausage yield. When processing the meat to sausages, the higher shear energy is probably advantageous.
authors.affiliation: 1ETH Zurich,Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Universitaetstrasse 2,8092 Zurich,Switzerland.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Loetscher
authors.affiliation: 2Foundation Aviforum,Burgerweg 22,3052 Zollikofen,Switzerland.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Albiker
authors.affiliation: 3University of Zurich,Institute for Food Hygiene and Safety,Winterthurerstrasse 272,8057 Zurich,Switzerland.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stephan
authors.affiliation: 1ETH Zurich,Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Universitaetstrasse 2,8092 Zurich,Switzerland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kreuzer
authors.affiliation: 1ETH Zurich,Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Universitaetstrasse 2,8092 Zurich,Switzerland.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Messikommer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D002645:Chickens / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005511:Food Handling; D005838:Genotype; D008460:Meat / Q000592:standards*; D010058:Oviposition; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances
keywords: genotype; laying hen; lipid oxidation; meat; sausage