title: [Tuberculosis prevention].
abstract: Tuberculosis prevention is classically based on early detection of potential contagious cases and their effective treatment. But due to new parameters such as migration flows around the world, the emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant strains and the increase of the population at risk, screening should be more active and target those who are more vulnerable to developing the disease. Traditional screening methods such as chest X-ray and tuberculin skin test, due to their high sensitivity and low cost, remain valid especially in populations with a high prevalence of the disease. The interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) seem to be very useful in immunodeficient patients with prior BCG vaccination. The treatment of subjects at high risk of developing active tuberculosis with a daily isoniazid self-administrated dosage for a period of 9 months is a prevention measure not only at the individual level but also at the collective one. All prevention interventions should be part of a national program concordant with the guidelines of the WHO Stop TB program that recommend a universal access to quality diagnosis and treatment focused on the patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  New methods of detection based on gene amplification would better suit to detect tuberculosis in immunodeficient patients and identify treatment-resistant strains. The development of the third part of the Stop TB project would reduce the morbidity and mortality of this disease by 2025.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevention of tuberculosis has been a major epidemiological challenge around the world and is continuously improving to adapt to the evolving disease.
authors.affiliation: Service de pneumologie, hôpital des forces de sécurité intérieures, La Marsa, Tunisie. Electronic address: maherabouda@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abouda
authors.affiliation: Service de pneumologie, hôpital des forces de sécurité intérieures, La Marsa, Tunisie.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yangui
authors.affiliation: Service de pneumologie, hôpital des forces de sécurité intérieures, La Marsa, Tunisie.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Triki
authors.affiliation: Service de pneumologie, hôpital des forces de sécurité intérieures, La Marsa, Tunisie.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kammoun
authors.affiliation: Service de pneumologie, hôpital des forces de sécurité intérieures, La Marsa, Tunisie.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khouani
authors.affiliation: Service de pneumologie, hôpital des forces de sécurité intérieures, La Marsa, Tunisie.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Charfi
mesh_terms: D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D059425:Interferon-gamma Release Tests / Q000379:methods; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008403:Mass Screening; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014374:Tuberculin Test / Q000379:methods; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D001500:BCG Vaccine; D007538:Isoniazid
keywords: Dépistage; Prophylaxie; Prophylaxis; Screening; Tuberculose; Tuberculosis; Vaccin; Vaccine