title: Association of the time that elapsed from last vaccination with protective effectiveness against foot-and-mouth disease in small ruminants.
abstract: Routine and emergency vaccination of small ruminants against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is mandatory in many endemic countries, yet data on the field effectiveness of the vaccines used is scarce. We conducted an investigation of a serotype O FMD outbreak that took place in a sheep and goat pen, and estimated the effectiveness of various routine vaccination statuses. We also evaluated the protection provided by colostrum administration and emergency vaccination. Animals which were routinely vaccinated twice were not clinically affected while disease incidence was observed among animals routinely vaccinated only once (p = 0.004 according to a two-sided Fisher's exact test). In groups vaccinated only once, there was a significant association between the average time that elapsed since last vaccination and the disease incidence (n = 5; Spearman correlation coefficient: rs = 1.0, p < 0.01). In addition, non-vaccinated lambs fed colostrum from dams vaccinated more than 2 months before parturition had a mortality rate of 33%. Administration of emergency vaccination 2 days after the occurrence of the index case was the probable reason for the rapid blocking of the FMD spread within 6 days from its onset in the pen.
authors.affiliation: Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.udie79@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ehud
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Elnekave
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Even-Tov
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gelman
authors.forename: Beni
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sharir
authors.forename: Eyal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Klement
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003126:Colostrum; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006041:Goats; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D014765:Viral Vaccines
keywords: colostrum; emergency vaccination; foot-and-mouth disease; maternal immunity; vaccine effectiveness