title: [Role of cytokines in cell differentiation in the paraventricular region of the brain in fetuses with in utero encephalitis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the specific features of cell differentiation and migration of neuroepithelial cells of the paraventricular region (PVR) in human fetuses with in utero encephalitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A morphometric technique was used to investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and transforming growth factor-beta in the structures of the PVR of the thalamus in 47 fetuses with signs of in utero encephalitis and in 10 healthy fetuses at 26-27 weeks' gestation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In utero encephalitis was characterized by productive and productive-and-necrotic inflammation and in most cases it was a manifestation of generalized in utero infection. In in utero encephalitis, diminished PVR cellularity, a larger number of neurons and glial cells in the thalamic region, and that of glial fibrillary acidic protein-expressing cells, and enhanced cellular proliferative activity in the PVR implied the accelerated maturation of its cells. The decrease in the number of vessels in the PVR was caused by the lower cellular expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In in utero encephalitis, there are significant changes in the processes of cell differentiation and migration in the fetal PVR, which was associated with a number of cytokines regulating an intercellular interaction.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Nadeev
authors.forename: O V
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Perova
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Travin
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A