title: Neuroprotective effect of punicalagin against cerebral ischemia reperfusion-induced oxidative brain injury in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Punicalagin (PG) is a hydrolyzable polyphenol in Punica granatum. It has been previously reported that it has a protective effect against hypoxia-induced ischemia brain injury. It is a potent antioxidant. The present study is aimed to evaluate the antioxidant potential of PG against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were randomly divided into sham, MCAO, PG-treated groups. PG (15 and 30 mg/kg) vehicle was administered orally for 7 days before MCAO. Rats were anesthetized with ketamine (100 mg/kg), xylazine (10 mg/kg), and subjected to 2 hours occlusion, and 22 hours reperfusion. Neurologic deficit, brain water content (BWC), histopathology changes, and oxidative stress markers were evaluated after 22 hours of reperfusion. In comparison with MCAO model group, treatment with PG significantly reduced the neurologic deficit scores and BWC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PG-attenuated neuronal damage occurred by downregulating the levels of malondialdehyde, sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase activity, nitric oxide, protein carbonyl content, and mitochondria-generated reactive oxygen species and upregulating the superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, these results suggested that supplementation of PG treatment effectively ameliorates the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced oxidative damage by virtue of its antioxidant potential.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam (Women's University), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Lavanya
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yaidikar
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam (Women's University), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Bavya
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Byna
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam (Women's University), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India. Electronic address: drsanthrani@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Santh Rani
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Thakur
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000517:prevention & control; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C115642:punicalagin
keywords: Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury; antioxidant; oxidative stress; punicalagin