title: Point-based superimposition of a digital dental model on to a three-dimensional computed tomographic skull: an accuracy study in vitro.
abstract: We investigated the accuracy of point-based superimposition of a digital dental model on to a 3-dimensional computed tomographic (CT) skull with intact dentition. The physical model was scanned by CT to give a virtual skull model, and a plaster dental model was taken and laser-scanned to give a digital dental model. Three different background investigators were recruited and calibrated to make the point-based superimposition, and afterwards were asked to repeat 5 superimpositions each. Five bone-to-tooth measurements for the maxilla and 6 for the mandible were selected to indicate the relation of teeth to skull. Repeated measures were made on the physical model to act as a control group, and on the virtual model to act as the test group. The absolute agreement intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the intra/inter-investigator reliability; Bland-Altman analysis was used to calculate the general differences, limits of agreement, and precision ranges of the estimated limits. Inter/intra-investigator reliability was excellent with ICC varying from 0.986 to 1; Bland-Altman analysis indicated that general difference was 0.01 (0.25)mm, the upper limit of agreement was 0.50mm and the lower limit -0.47 mm, and the precision range for the upper limit was 0.43 mm to 0.57 mm and for the lower limit -0.54 mm to -0.40 mm. Clinically acceptable accuracy can be achieved using a direct point-based method to superimpose a digital dental model on to a 3-dimensional CT skull.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, The Chinese PLA General Hospital Hainan Branch, Sanya, Hainan, China; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, The Chinese PLA General Hospital Institution of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: maxillofacsurg@163.com.
authors.forename: S G F
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D059925:Anatomic Landmarks / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003198:Computer Simulation; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D007834:Lasers; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D003765:Models, Dental; D009666:Nose / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014070:Tooth / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019228:Tooth Crown / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014584:User-Computer Interface
keywords: Bland–Altman analysis; Computer-aided orthognathic surgery; Image fusion; Point-based superimposition; Three-dimensional planning