title: Comparison between the Analgesic Effect of two Techniques on the Level of Pain Perception During venipuncture in Children up to 7 Years of Age: A Quasi-Experimental Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Distraction techniques are often provided by nurses, parents or child life specialists and help in pain alleviation during procedures. The use of non pharmacological procedures to cope with pain behaviour is less costly and most of these procedures can be administered by a nurse. Hence, the aim of the present study was to assess and compare the analgesic effect of holding the child by a family member versus holding the child by a family member along with an animation distraction intervention on the level of pain perception during venipuncture in children up to seven years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Purposive sampling technique was used to select 70 children admitted in paediatric ward of Guru Gobind Singh Medical Hospital, Faridkot, 35 children in each group viz. Group 1(child held by family member during venipuncture) and Group 2 (child held by family member along with an animation distraction during venipuncture) and video clippings were made for each subject in both groups. Standardized FLACC pain scale was used to assess the level of pain during venipuncture by seeing the video clips of procedure in both groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings revealed that the mean pain score of Group 1 was 3.86 and that of Group 2 was 2.43. Findings revealed that in Group 1 majority 31(88.57%) got severe pain and none remained relaxed during venipuncture whereas in Group 2 majority 10(28.58%) got moderate pain, 09(25.71%) remained relaxed and only 07(20%) got severe pain. The comparison of mean pain score of both groups was checked statistically by computing independent t-test and the value of t comes out to be 7.199 with p-value 0.000*** which was found to be highly significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study concluded that when during painful procedures like venipuncture if children are given any non-pharmacological intervention like animated distraction along with their family member it helps in managing the pain. In other words, it distracts/diverts the child's attention from pain and results in better cooperation of child during procedure.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, GGS Medical College and Hospital , Faridkot, Punjab, India .
authors.forename: Harsh Vardhan
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Post graduate student, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Pacific Dental college and Hospital , Udaipur, Rajasthan, India .
authors.forename: Vivek Vardhan
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Lecturer, Department of Child Health Nursing, Adarsh College of Nursing , Patiala, Punjab, India .
authors.forename: Amanlo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.affiliation: Senior Resident, Department of Pathology, GGS Medical College and Hospital , Faridkot, Punjab, India .
authors.forename: Ruku
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singla
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Mahatma Gandhi Dental college and Hospital , Sitapura, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India .
authors.forename: Neha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chitkara
authors.affiliation: Post graduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, Pacific Dental college and Hospital , Udaipur, Rajasthan, India .
authors.forename: Krushnan V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Bajaj
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Child Health Nursing, University College of Nursing , Faridkot, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: H C L
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Rawat
keywords: Animation distraction Intervention; Children; Family member; Pain; Venipuncture