title: T-shaped Pectoralis Major Musculocutaneous Flap for Reconstruction of an Extensive Circumferential Pharyngeal Defect.
abstract: In the era of free-flap transfer, the pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap still plays a unique role in head and neck reconstruction. We report on a patient with a recurrent hypopharyngeal carcinoma after total pharyngolaryngectomy and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in whom defects included a circumferential defect of the oropharynx and the entire tongue. The defects were successfully reconstructed with a T-shaped pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap whose skin island included multiple intercostal perforators from the internal mammary vessels. This flap design is effective for reconstructing circumferential pharyngeal defects in vessel-depleted neck.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; and Division of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.
authors.forename: Shimpei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; and Division of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukunaga
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; and Division of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shinozaki
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; and Division of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshichika
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yasunaga
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; and Division of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; and Division of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakuraba