title: Genetic ancestry influences asthma susceptibility and lung function among Latinos.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Childhood asthma prevalence and morbidity varies among Latinos in the United States, with Puerto Ricans having the highest and Mexicans the lowest.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether genetic ancestry is associated with the odds of asthma among Latinos, and secondarily whether genetic ancestry is associated with lung function among Latino children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 5493 Latinos with and without asthma from 3 independent studies. For each participant, we estimated the proportion of African, European, and Native American ancestry using genome-wide data. We tested whether genetic ancestry was associated with the presence of asthma and lung function among subjects with and without asthma. Odds ratios (OR) and effect sizes were assessed for every 20% increase in each ancestry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Native American ancestry was associated with lower odds of asthma (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.66-0.78, P = 8.0 × 10(-15)), while African ancestry was associated with higher odds of asthma (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.14-1.72, P = .001). These associations were robust to adjustment for covariates related to early life exposures, air pollution, and socioeconomic status. Among children with asthma, African ancestry was associated with lower lung function, including both pre- and post-bronchodilator measures of FEV1 (-77 ± 19 mL; P = 5.8 × 10(-5) and -83 ± 19 mL; P = 1.1 x 10(-5), respectively) and forced vital capacity (-100 ± 21 mL; P = 2.7 × 10(-6) and -107 ± 22 mL; P = 1.0 x 10(-6), respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences in the proportions of genetic ancestry can partially explain disparities in asthma susceptibility and lung function among Latinos.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, Calif; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: mdelpino@ull.edu.es.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pino-Yanes
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, Calif.
authors.forename: Neeta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Thakur
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, Calif.
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Gignoux
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, Calif; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, Calif.
authors.forename: Joshua M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Galanter
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, Calif.
authors.forename: Lindsey A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, Calif.
authors.forename: Celeste
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eng
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, Calif.
authors.forename: Katherine K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, Calif.
authors.forename: Sam S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif.
authors.forename: Hita
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vora
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, Calif.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huntsman
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, Calif.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, Calif.
authors.forename: Donglei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, Calif.
authors.forename: Katherine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Drake
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif.
authors.forename: David V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif.
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moreno-Estrada
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif.
authors.forename: Karla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sandoval
authors.affiliation: Basic Research Laboratory, SAIC-Frederick, Inc, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Md.
authors.forename: Cheryl A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Public Health, City University of New York, Bronx, NY.
authors.forename: Luisa N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Borrell
authors.affiliation: Sonoma Technology, Inc, Petaluma, Calif.
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lurmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif.
authors.forename: Talat S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital and Research Center Oakland, Oakland, Calif.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pulmonology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Tex.
authors.forename: Harold J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Farber
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital and Research Center Oakland, Oakland, Calif.
authors.forename: Kelley
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Meade
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill.
authors.forename: Pedro C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Avila
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Pulmonary Division, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY.
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Serebrisky
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, Calif.
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bibbins-Domingo
authors.affiliation: Bay Area Pediatrics, Oakland, Calif.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lenoir
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md.
authors.forename: Jean G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy and Immunology, Kaiser Permanente-Vallejo Medical Center, Vallejo, Calif.
authors.forename: Emerita
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brigino-Buenaventura
authors.affiliation: Veterans Caribbean Health Care System, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Cintron
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, Calif.
authors.forename: Shannon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Thyne
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF, San Francisco, Calif.
authors.forename: Saunak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.affiliation: Centro de Neumología Pediátrica, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: Jose R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Santana
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif.
authors.forename: Carlos D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Bustamante
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Mich; Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Mich.
authors.forename: L Keoki
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif.
authors.forename: Frank D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Gilliland
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif.
authors.forename: W James
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Gauderman
authors.affiliation: Children's Memorial Hospital and the Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill.
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, Calif.
authors.forename: Dara G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Torgerson
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, Calif; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, Calif.
authors.forename: Esteban G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Burchard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000235:genetics*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Genetic admixture; Hispanics; childhood asthma; minority; pulmonary function