title: Simultaneous visualization of extrinsic and intrinsic axon collaterals in Golgi-like detail for mouse corticothalamic and corticocortical cells: a double viral infection method.
abstract: Here we present a novel tracing technique to stain projection neurons in Golgi-like detail by double viral infection. We used retrograde lentiviral vectors and adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV) to drive "TET-ON/TET-OFF system" in neurons connecting two regions. Using this method, we successfully labeled the corticothalamic (CT) cells of the mouse somatosensory barrel field (S1BF) and motor cortex (M1) in their entirety. We also labeled contra- and ipsilaterally-projecting corticocortical (CC) cells of M1 by targeting contralateral M1 or ipsilateral S1 for retrograde infection. The strength of this method is that we can observe the morphology of specific projection neuron subtypes en masse. We found that the group of CT cells extends their dendrites and intrinsic axons extensively below but not within the thalamorecipient layer in both S1BF and M1, suggesting that the primary target of this cell type is not layer 4. We also found that both ipsi- and contralateral targeting CC cells in M1 commonly exhibit widespread collateral extensions to contralateral M1 (layers 1-6), bilateral S1 and S2 (layers 1, 5 and 6), perirhinal cortex (layers 1, 2/3, 5, and 6), striatum and claustrum. These findings not only strengthened the previous findings of single cell tracings but also extended them by enabling cross-area comparison of CT cells or comparison of CC cells of two different labeling.
authors.affiliation: Division of Brain Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology Okazaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Watakabe
authors.affiliation: Division of Brain Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology Okazaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takaji
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University Shimotsuke, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mizukami
authors.affiliation: Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University Shimotsuke, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozawa
authors.affiliation: Division of Brain Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology Okazaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Sonoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohsawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Dai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Division of Brain Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology Okazaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology*; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000229:Dependovirus / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000502:physiology; D016086:Lentivirus / Q000235:genetics; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000166:cytology*; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology*; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology*; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000166:cytology*; D013788:Thalamus / Q000166:cytology*; D014161:Transduction, Genetic; D050599:Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D050599:Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2; D002772:Cholera Toxin
keywords: AAV; axon collateral; corticothalamic; pyramidal; retrograde viral vector; tracer