title: Cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Polish version of the Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scale.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The paper presents the methods of cultural adaptation of the Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scale (NSNS) to the conditions in Polish hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  The process of cultural adaptation of the research tool took into consideration an analysis of different equivalence levels, the translation procedure and the estimation of psychometric parameters. The Polish version of the NSNS questionnaire was correctly completed by 787 patients making up 59.36% of the total number of patients who received the scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Polish version of the NSNS questionnaire was correctly completed by 787 patients making up 59.36% of the total number of patients who received the scale. Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.921 for the "experience" scale and 0.981 for the "satisfaction" scale. The values of Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were from 0.224 to 0.797 for "experience" and 0.815-0.894 for "satisfaction". All questionnaire items of the Polish NSNS version exerted a statistically significant influence on the total results of the scale (p = 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Polish NSNS version, similarly as the original version, can identify differences referring to "experience" and "satisfaction" with nursing care between the particular departments and between hospitals. The Polish NSNS version was conducted among patients during multicentre studies and it meets the criteria of functional, psychometric and façade equivalences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiological and Intensive Care Nursing, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gutysz-Wojnicka
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiological and Intensive Care Nursing, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Edyta K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Cudak
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Social Nursing, Department of Health Promotion, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Talarska
keywords: cultural adaptation; psychometric evaluation; the Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scale