title: Comparison of vascular cognitive impairment--no dementia by multiple classification methods.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare vascular cognitive impairment-no dementia (VCI-ND) using different classification methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 56 patients with VCI-ND between April 2012 and March 2013. We used a battery of neuropsychological tests to classify patients with VCI-ND into different subtypes based on memory and executive function as follows: cognitive screening (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE), memory (Auditory Verbal Learning Test, AVLT), executive/attention (Shape Trails Test, STT; Stroop Color-Word Test, SCWT; Reading the Mind in the Eyes, RME; Digit Ordering Test-A, DOT-A; Symbol Digit Modalities Test, SDMT), language (Action Naming Test, ANT; Boston Naming Test, BNT; Famous Face Test, FFT; Similarity Test, ST; Verbal Fluency Test, VFT) and visuospatial function (Complex Figure Test, CFT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two groups had comparable demographic information (P>0.05). Amnestic VCI-ND (aVCI-ND) patients obtained significantly lower scores compared with individuals with nonamnestic VCI-ND (naVCI-ND) on the AVLT memory test, VFT language test and VFT-alternating executive test (P<0.05). Additionally, executive VCI-ND (eVCI-ND) patients performed significantly longer than nonexecutive VCI-ND (neVCI-ND) patients on the SCWT-C timed executive test. Finally, eVCI-ND patients obtained significantly lower scores compared with neVCI-ND patients on the RME, DOT-A and SDMT-correct executive tests and the ANT, BNT and ST language tests (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  aVCI-ND patients performed poorly compared with naVCI-ND patients in terms of executive and language functions, while eVCI-ND patients performed poorly compared with neVCI-ND patients in terms of language function.
authors.affiliation: a Stroke Unit, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: a Stroke Unit, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Yunyun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: b Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Qihao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies
keywords: amnestic VCI-ND; classification methods; cognitive assessment; executive VCI-ND; vascular cognitive impairment-no dementia