title: The expression of proteins involved in digestion and detoxification are regulated in Helicoverpa armigera to cope up with chlorpyrifos insecticide.
abstract: Helicoverpa armigera is a key pest in many vital crops, which is mainly controlled by chemical strategies. To manage this pest is becoming challenging due to its ability and evolution of resistance against insecticides. Further, its subsequent spread on nonhost plant is remarkable in recent times. Hence, decoding resistance mechanism against phytochemicals and synthetic insecticides is a major challenge. The present work describes that the digestion, defense and immunity related enzymes are associated with chlorpyrifos resistance in H. armigera. Proteomic analysis of H. armigera gut tissue upon feeding on chlorpyrifos containing diet (CH) and artificial diet (AD) using nano-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry identified upregulated 23-proteins in CH fed larvae. Database searches combined with gene ontology analysis revealed that the identified gut proteins engrossed in digestion, proteins crucial for immunity, adaptive responses to stress, and detoxification. Biochemical and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of candidate proteins indicated that insects were struggling to get nutrients and energy in presence of CH, while at the same time endeavoring to metabolize chlorpyrifos. Moreover, we proposed a potential processing pathway of chlorpyrifos in H. armigera gut by examining the metabolites using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. H. armigera exhibit a range of intriguing behavioral, morphological adaptations and resistance to insecticides by regulating expression of proteins involved in digestion and detoxification mechanisms to cope up with chlorpyrifos. In these contexts, as gut is a rich repository of biological information; profound analysis of gut tissues can give clues of detoxification and resistance mechanism in insects.
authors.affiliation: Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008 (MS), India.
authors.forename: Vishal V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Dawkar
authors.affiliation: Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008 (MS), India.
authors.forename: Yojana R
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Chikate
authors.affiliation: Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008 (MS), India.
authors.forename: Tushar H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: More
authors.affiliation: Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008 (MS), India.
authors.forename: Vidya S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008 (MS), India.
authors.forename: Ashok P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Giri
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004063:Digestion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D007306:Insecticides; D004390:Chlorpyrifos
keywords: Helicoverpa armigera; chlorpyrifos; insecticide resistance; proteomics; real-time PCR