title: Effects of mineral trioxide aggregate mixed with hydration accelerators on osteoblastic differentiation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite good physical and biological properties, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has a long setting time. A hydration accelerator could decrease the setting time of MTA. This study assessed the biocompatibility of MTA mixed with hydration accelerators (calcium chloride and low-dose citric acid) and investigated the effect of these materials on osteoblast differentiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell viability was evaluated by the EZ-Cytox assay kit (Daeil Lab Service, Seoul, Korea). The gene expressions of osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein were detected by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The mineralization behavior was evaluated with alizarin red staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no statistically significant difference in cell viability between experimental groups. The messenger RNA level of osteogenic genes significantly increased in MTA mixed with hydration accelerators compared with the control and MTA mixed with water. MTA mixed with the hydration accelerators resulted in similar mineralization compared with MTA mixed with water.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hydration accelerators increase the osteogenic effect and show a similar effect on the mineralization of MTA, which may have clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea; Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Bin-Na
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Joung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hoon-Sang
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: In-Nam
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Won-Mann
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea; Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Tae
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-San
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Choong-Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea; Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea. Electronic address: ychwang@chonnam.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Yun-Chan
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D058574:Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D058574:Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein; D010087:Oxides; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D014867:Water; D015675:Osteocalcin; D019343:Citric Acid; D002122:Calcium Chloride
keywords: Calcium chloride; citric acid; hydration accelerator; mineral trioxide aggregate