title: Testicular ascent after laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure for inguinal hernias.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure (LPEC) has been widely performed for the repair of pediatric inguinal hernias in Japan. This study aimed to evaluate the testicular ascent and orchiopexy after LPEC in males with inguinal hernias.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of male patients who underwent LPEC procedures for the repair of an inguinal hernia from January 2010 to December 2013 at our institution were reviewed. The patients who underwent orchiopexy after the LPEC procedure were investigated, the characteristics studied were the birth weight of the patients, the age when they underwent LPEC, the mean time from LPEC to orchiopexy, and the location of the affected testes. The LPEC procedure was performed by extraperitoneal circuit suturing around the internal inguinal ring with a long straight special needle (Lapaherclosure; Hakko Medical Co., Tokyo, Japan).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the 4-year period of this study, 438 LPECs were performed on 367 male patients. Orchiopexy was performed on 14 testes (3.2%) in 10 patients who had previously undergone LPEC. Five of the 10 patients were extremely low-birth-weight infants. The mean time from LPEC to orchiopexy was 13.2 months. In 7 of these 10 patients, both testes were initially identified in the scrotum at 3 months after LPECs, but they later showed ascending or retractile testes. In another three patients, the ipsilateral testes were elevated early after LPECs, and they were thought to be missed congenital undescended testes. At orchiopexy, 10 of the 14 testes were located in the inguinal region, and the other four testes were retractile. During the orchiopexy, the remaining processus vaginalis was found to adhere to the spermatic cord in all of the patients with ascending testes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The postoperative testicular ascent should be carefully examined after the LPEC procedure in patients with pediatric inguinal hernias, especially in extremely low-birth-weight infants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Saga-Ken Medical Center Koseikan, Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shono
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Saga-Ken Medical Center Koseikan, Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Izaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Saga-Ken Medical Center Koseikan, Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryouichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nakahori
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichirou
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimaru
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery*; D059685:Herniorrhaphy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D052577:Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D056126:Orchiopexy; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D013733:Testicular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome