title: Identification of the neural correlates of cyclothymic temperament using a working memory task in fMRI.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, we reported a significantly negative association of cyclothymic temperament scores with activations of the left lingual gyrus during esthetic judgments of paintings, suggesting that cyclothymic temperament may be associated with the left lingual gyrus. In view of potential associations of cyclothymic temperament, bipolar disorder and dementia, this study examined the relationship of temperament to lingual gyrus activity using a working memory task as a new context.
  
  
  METHODS
  N-back tasks (0-, 1-, 2- and 3-back tasks) were performed on 34 healthy subjects using functional MRI. Multiple regression analyses were applied to measure the association between cyclothymic temperament scores and each of 4 beta images corresponding to 0-, 1-, 2- and 3-back tasks with gender, age and the other temperament scores (depressive, hyperthymic, irritable and anxious) as covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The whole brain analysis corrected for multiple comparisons revealed a significant activation of the left lingual gyrus associated with cyclothymic temperament scores in a new context-working memory for both 2- and 3-back tasks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The number of subjects was relatively small. The subjects were almost medical staff or students and the results should be interpreted with caution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present findings reconfirm that cyclothymic temperament may be associated with the left lingual gyrus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu City 879-5593, Oita Prefecture, Japan.
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu City 879-5593, Oita Prefecture, Japan. Electronic address: terao@oita-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Terao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu City 879-5593, Oita Prefecture, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hatano
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu City 879-5593, Oita Prefecture, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu City 879-5593, Oita Prefecture, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu City 879-5593, Oita Prefecture, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizokami
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu City 879-5593, Oita Prefecture, Japan.
authors.forename: Kimie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamei
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu City 879-5593, Oita Prefecture, Japan.
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu City 879-5593, Oita Prefecture, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hoaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu City 879-5593, Oita Prefecture, Japan.
authors.forename: Akari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu City 879-5593, Oita Prefecture, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shirahama
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu City 879-5593, Oita Prefecture, Japan.
authors.forename: Shohei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimomura
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan.
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujiki
authors.affiliation: ATR Promotions, Brain Activity Imaging Center, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kochiyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D003527:Cyclothymic Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D011594:Psychometrics; D011930:Reaction Time; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013694:Temperament; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cyclothymic temperament; Functional MRI; TEMPS-A; The left lingual gyrus; Working memory