title: Comparison between neck pain disability and cervical range of motion in patients with episodic and chronic migraine: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate neck pain-related disability and cervical range of motion (CROM) in patients with episodic migraine (EM) and chronic migraine (CM) and to examine the correlation of both outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study consisted of 91 patients with EM and 34 with CM. Cervical range of motion was measured with the CROM device, and pain during the cervical movement was recorded. Self-reported disability related to neck pain was assessed with the Neck Disability Index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with CM showed higher Neck Disability Index scores and more moderate and severe disability (P = .01). Severe disability as a result of neck pain was associated with 7.6-fold risk of developing CM (P = .003). No significant differences in CROM were identified between groups. Moderate negative correlations between CROM and disability were found for 4 motions within the CM group (-0.60 <r < -0.39) and with 3 in the EM group (-0.48 < -0.45). Disability was positively and moderately correlated to pain evoked during CROM in both groups (0.34 <r <0.51).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study found that neck pain was highly prevalent in patients with migraine. Neck pain-related disability increased with increased frequency of the migraine attacks and was associated with the risk of migraine chronicity. The correlation between CROM and neck pain disability was more evident in patients with CM and in patients with pain during cervical movement.
authors.affiliation: PhD Student, Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Locomotor Apparatus Rehabilitation, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: gabriela.fisioterapia@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gabriela F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Professor, University of São Paulo, Department of Neurosciences, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thais C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chaves
authors.affiliation: PhD Student, Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Locomotor Apparatus Rehabilitation, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: PhD Student, Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Locomotor Apparatus Rehabilitation, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lidiane L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Florencio
authors.affiliation: Graduate Student, Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Locomotor Apparatus Rehabilitation, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carolina A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Braz
authors.affiliation: Professor, University of São Paulo, Department of Neurosciences, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabíola
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dach
authors.affiliation: Professor, University of Rey Juan Carlos, Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Cesar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernández de Las Peñas
authors.affiliation: Professor, University of São Paulo, Departament of Biomechanics, Medicine and Locomotor Apparatus Rehabilitation, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Débora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bevilaqua-Grossi
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001938:Brazil; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006261:Headache / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Headache; Migraine Disorders; Neck Pain; Range of Motion