title: Inter- and intrarater reliability of ulna variance versus lunate subsidence measurements in Madelung deformity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess inter- and intrarater reliability of both ulna variance and lunate subsidence measurement methods in a large consecutive series of children with Madelung deformity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ulnar variance and lunate subsidence were measured on 41 standard anteroposterior wrist radiographs from 31 patients with Madelung deformity. The patients had a mean age of 13 years (range, 5-25) at the time of presentation. Two pediatric orthopedic hand/upper limb surgeons evaluated all radiographs twice in a 4-week interval using standard digital imaging software. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for inter- and intrarater reliability, and results were reported using the Landis and Koch criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The interrater ICC for the ulna variance measurements was substantial, and for the lunate subsidence almost perfect. The intrarater ICC for ulna variance was substantial for both raters. In contrast, the intrarater ICC for lunate subsidence was almost perfect for both raters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurement of lunate subsidence showed both superior interrater and intrarater reliability compared with the ulnar variance method. Whenever relative ulna length is assessed in children and adolescents with Madelung deformity, the lunate subsidence should be the preferred method to characterize deformity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Deformity Correction, and Adult Foot & Ankle Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Speising, Vienna, Austria; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA. Electronic address: sebastian.farr@oss.at.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Farr
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Deformity Correction, and Adult Foot & Ankle Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Speising, Vienna, Austria; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Donald S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Bae
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D012667:Lunate Bone / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D010009:Osteochondrodysplasias / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011859:Radiography; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014457:Ulna / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014955:Wrist Joint / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Lunate subsidence; Madelung deformity; reliability; ulnar variance