title: Public beliefs on antibiotics and symptoms of respiratory tract infections among rural and urban population in Poland: a questionnaire study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  General public views and expectations around the use of antibiotics can influence general practitioners' antibiotic prescribing decisions. We set out to describe the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about the use of antibiotics for respiratory tract infections in adults in Poland, and explore differences according to where people live in an urban-rural continuum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Face to face survey among a stratified random sample of adults from the general population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1,210 adults completed the questionnaire (87% response rate); 44.3% were rural; 57.9% were women. 49.4% of rural respondents and 44.4% of urban respondents had used an antibiotic in the last 2 years. Rural participants were less likely to agree with the statement "usually I know when I need an antibiotic," (53.5% vs. 61.3% respectively; p = 0.015) and reported that they would consult with a physician for a cough with yellow/green phlegm (69.2% vs. 74.9% respectively; p = 0.004), and were more likely to state that they would leave the decision about antibiotic prescribing to their doctor (87.5% vs. 85.6% respectively; p = 0.026). However, rural participants were more likely to believe that antibiotics accelerate recovery from sore throat (45.7% vs. 37.1% respectively; p = 0.017). Use of antibiotic in the last 2 years, level of education, number of children and awareness of the problem of developing antimicrobial resistance predicted accurate knowledge about antibiotic effectiveness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were no major differences in beliefs about antibiotics between urban and rural responders, although rural responders were slightly less confident in their knowledge about antibiotics and self-reported greater use of antibiotics. Despite differences in the level of education between rural and urban responders, there were no significant differences in their knowledge about antibiotic effectiveness.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Family and Community Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Maciek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Godycki-Cwirko
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jochen W L
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Cals
authors.affiliation: Cochrane Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.affiliation: Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Theo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Verheij
authors.affiliation: Cochrane Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Christopher C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goossens
authors.affiliation: Centre for Family and Community Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Izabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zakowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Chair and Department of Family Medicine, Medical University, Lublin, Poland; University of Economics and Innovation, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Lech
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Panasiuk
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012424:Rural Population; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents