title: Spontaneous epidural spinal haematoma in children caused by vascular malformations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The occurrence of spinal epidural haematoma of 'spontaneous' origin in adults is a well-documented entity, though it is rare in children. In the literature to date, there are few cases of this kind of spontaneous haematoma proven to be due to an underlying vascular abnormality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of two cases of children under 15 years of age with spontaneous epidural spinal haematoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Underlying arteriovenous malformations were identified in both cases. Intra-operative photographs and histological sections of these anomalies are presented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These are the first two such cases described with clinico-pathological correlation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital, London, UK. ramsivakumaran@doctors.org.uk.|Academic Neurosurgery Unit, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK. ramsivakumaran@doctors.org.uk.
authors.forename: Ramanan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sivakumaran
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropathology, King's College Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropathology, King's College Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Istvan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bodi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chandler
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital, London, UK.|Institute of Psychiatry, King's College University, London, UK.
authors.forename: Daniel C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Walsh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D046748:Hematoma, Epidural, Spinal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Arteriovenous; Children; Epidural; Haematoma; Malformation; Spinal