title: Genitourinary health in a population-based cohort of males with Duchenne and Becker Muscular dystrophies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genitourinary (GU) health among patients with Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DBMD) has not been explored using population-based data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of 918 males ascertained by the Muscular Dystrophy Surveillance, Tracking, and Research Network were reviewed for documentation of GU-related hospitalizations and prescribed medications. Percentages of males who received these medical interventions were calculated, and hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for associations with sociodemographics (study site, race/ethnicity), symptoms (early- vs. late-onset, ambulation status, scoliosis), and treatments (respiratory support, steroids).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 918 males, 81 (9%) had a GU condition, with voiding dysfunction (n = 40), GU tract infection (n = 19), and kidney/ureter calculus (n = 9) most frequently seen. The Kaplan-Meier curve produced a cumulative probability of 27%. Cox regression showed GU conditions were more common when males were non-ambulatory (HR 2.7, 95% CI 1.3-5.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings highlight the need for increased awareness of GU health and multidisciplinary care of DBMD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, The University of Iowa, S416 CPHB, 145 North Riverside Drive, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, The University of Iowa, S416 CPHB, 145 North Riverside Drive, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Romitti
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, The University of Iowa, S416 CPHB, 145 North Riverside Drive, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Kristin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Caspers Conway
authors.affiliation: National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Sunkyung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Katherine D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Mathews
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D052801:Male Urogenital Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D020388:Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012306:Risk; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Becker muscular dystrophy; Duchenne muscular dystrophy; epidemiology; male urogenital diseases; neuromuscular diseases