title: Sniff nasal inspiratory pressure does not decrease in elderly subjects.
abstract: [Purpose] Measurements of inspiratory strength are critical for detecting inspiratory muscle weakness. Sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP) is a quick, noninvasive measurement of global inspiratory strength; however, it is not clear how many trials are needed for reliable measurements. [Subjects and Methods] One hundred and nineteen subjects (age 39.9±16.5, range 18-69 yrs) completed the study. They were divided into subgroups of different ages and gender. Subjects were asked to take 20 maximal sniffs after normal expiration, with 30 seconds rest in-between. The highest values among the first 10 and last 10 SNIP maneuvers were recorded as SNIP1-10, and SNIP11-20, respectively. The paired t-test was used to compare the differences. Two-way measures ANOVA was used to compare the effects of age and gender on SNIP. [Results] SNIP 11-20 was significantly greater than SNIP1-10, suggesting that 10 trials is not enough to eliminate learning effects. Age did not affect SNIP in either gender, suggesting SNIP is preserved. In stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, the SNIP values were positively related with body mass index in women and positively related with weight in men. [Conclusion] The results suggest that twenty trials are needed for reliable SNIP measurements. The mean value and lower limits of normal SNIP are provided for clinical comparison.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Tzu Chi University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Hui
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Tzu Chi Medical Center, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Gee-Gwo
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Physical Education Office, National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tung-Wei
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Chen
keywords: Ethnicity; Respiratory muscle strength; Sniff pressure