title: Development of a solid-phase microextraction fiber by the chemical binding of graphene oxide on a silver-coated stainless-steel wire with an ionic liquid as the crosslinking agent.
abstract: Graphene oxide was bonded onto a silver-coated stainless-steel wire using an ionic liquid as the crosslinking agent by a layer-by-layer strategy. The novel solid-phase microextraction fiber was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Raman microscopy. A multilayer graphene oxide layer was closely coated onto the supporting substrate. The thickness of the coating was about 4 μm. Coupled with gas chromatography, the fiber was evaluated using five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (fluorene, anthracene, fluoranthene, 1,2-benzophenanthrene, and benzo(a)pyrene) as model analytes in direct-immersion mode. The main conditions (extraction time, extraction temperature, ionic strength, and desorption time) were optimized by a factor-by-factor optimization. The as-established method exhibited a wide linearity range (0.5-200 μg/L) and low limits of determination (0.05-0.10 μg/L). It was applied to analyze environmental water samples of rain and river water. Three kinds of the model analytes were quantified and the recoveries of samples spiked at 10 μg/L were in the range of 92.3-120 and 93.8-115%, respectively. The obtained results indicated the fiber was efficient for solid-phase microextraction analysis.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong (University of Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Juanjuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Yanan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bu
authors.forename: Huimin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Xiaojiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chuannan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Luo
keywords: Gas chromatography; Graphene oxide; Ionic liquids; Solid-phase microextraction; Stainless-steel wire