title: Association study between salivary levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-17, IL-21, and IL-22 with chronic periodontitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate if the salivary levels of IL-17, IL-21, IL-22, and its ratio regarding salivary IFN-γ may be linked with the periodontal clinical status.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and five chronic periodontitis (CP) subjects and 44 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. Periodontal status was assessed based on full-mouth clinical periodontal measurements. Cytokine salivary levels were analyzed by ELISA. The association between the analytes with CP was analyzed using a binary logistic regression model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A statistically significant increase in salivary levels of IFN-γ and IFN-γ/IL-22 ratio in CP group could be detected, but there was no significant domination of any Th17 cytokine that could be of predictive value for health/disease status. Univariate and binary logistic regression analyses revealed a strong and independent association of IFN-γ salivary levels and IFN-γ/IL-22 ratio with disease status. An interaction effect of ageing on IFN-γ levels also could be noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While salivary levels of IFN-γ and IFN-γ/IL-22 ratio may act as strong/independent indicators of the amount and extent of periodontal breakdown, the low detection frequency of Th17 cytokines in saliva samples make these determinations useless for the detection of disease presence and/or its severity.
authors.affiliation: POPCAD Research Group, Laboratory of Immunodetection and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Isaza-Guzmán
authors.affiliation: POPCAD Research Group, Laboratory of Immunodetection and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cardona-Vélez
authors.affiliation: POPCAD Research Group, Laboratory of Immunodetection and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Gaviria-Correa
authors.affiliation: POPCAD Research Group, Laboratory of Immunodetection and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Martínez-Pabón
authors.affiliation: POPCAD Research Group, Laboratory of Immunodetection and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Castaño-Granada
authors.affiliation: POPCAD Research Group, Laboratory of Immunodetection and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. Electronic address: stobonarroyave@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Tobón-Arroyave
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D000097043:Interleukin-22; D000098546:Interleukin-21
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D020381:Interleukin-17; D007378:Interleukins; D000097043:Interleukin-22; D000098546:Interleukin-21
keywords: Chronic periodontitis; IFN-γ; IL-17; IL-21; IL-22; Saliva