title: Intra-articular injection of dexketoprofen in rat knee joint: histopathologic assessment of cartilage & synovium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Effective pain control following outpatient surgical procedures is an important aspect of patient discharge. This study was carried out with an aim to investigate the histopathological effects of intra-articular dexketoprofen trometamol injection in knee joint on synovium and cartilage in an experimental rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  In each of 40 rats, the right knee was designated as the study group and the left knee as the control group (NS group). Under aseptic conditions, 35 rats received an injection of 0.25 ml (6.25 mg) dexketoprofen trometamol into the right knee joint and an injection of 0.25 ml 0.9 per cent normal saline solution into the left knee joint. On the 1st, 2nd, 7th, 14th, and 21st days after intra-articular injection, rats in specified groups were sacrificed by intraperitoneal injection of 120 mg/kg sodium thiopental. Knee joints were separated and sectioned for histopathological examination. Inflammatory changes in the joints were recorded according to a grade scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference in terms of pathological changes both in synovium and cartilage was observed between the NS group and the study group on days 1, 2, 7, 14 and 21 after intra-articular injection of dexketoprofen or saline in the knee joint.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings showed no evidence of significant histopathological damage to the cartilage and synovia for a period up to 21 days following intra-articular administration of dexketoprofen trometamol in the knee joints of rats.
authors.forename: Aycan Guner
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Ekici
authors.forename: Onat
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Akyol
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ekici
authors.forename: Tolga
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sitilci
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Topacoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Algology, Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Emine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozyuvaci
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000187:drug effects*; D006614:Hindlimb; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D007596:Joints; D007660:Ketoprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000187:drug effects*; D014325:Tromethamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D014325:Tromethamine; D007660:Ketoprofen; C118296:dexketoprofen trometamol