title: Surface treated titanium dioxide nanoparticles as inorganic UV filters in sunscreen products.
abstract: TiO(2) nanoparticles were used in this research as an inorganic UV absorber for preparation of a sunscreen that ensures optically transparent films with adequate SPF. TiO(2) nanoparticles in rutile crystal form, produced in Cinkarna Celje, were used in this research. The elementary principle of the nanograde TiO(2) production is the sulphate synthesis process, which is upgraded for the synthesis of final nano product. TiO(2) nanoparticles were subsequently surface modified by coating with sodium silicate as the source of silica. The resulting silica coated TiO(2) nanoparticles were examined by scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Uniform particles distribution and homogeneous amorphous coatings, formed in heterogeneous nucleation of silica molecules on the surface of TiO(2) nanoparticles, were observed. Sun-protection factor (SPF) of 28 was determined for sunscreen with incorporated 9.0 wt. % TiO(2) nanoparticles, surface treated with 5.0 wt. % silica according to the "Method for the In Vitro Determination of UVA Protection Provided by Sunscreen Products".
authors.forename: Nika
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Veronovski
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lešnik
authors.forename: Andrej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lubej
authors.forename: Dejan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Verhovšek
mesh_terms: D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D013473:Sunscreening Agents; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium