title: Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy based on the pain sustainment/exacerbation model in patients with tension-type headache: a pilot study.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to carry out a program of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) based on the pain sustainment/exacerbation model for tension-type headache (TTH) patients and to examine the effectiveness as a pilot study. The participants were 4 TTH patients who consulted the outpatient clinic of a university hospital. It consisted of 4 individualized sessions as CBT program (including psychological education, self-monitoring, relaxation technique, cognitive restricting and exposure), and a follow-up examination was carried out 1 month after its completion. The sessions, each of which was 60 minutes long, were executed at weekly intervals. As a result, the score of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) decreased after program compared with before program in all patients. The score of escape/avoidance was also reduced at the post-program and follow-up (1 month later) compared with the score of pre-program in patients except Case 2, in whom the score was 0 throughout the study. The degree of the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) improved by program and changed to "mild" or "none" in all participants. These findings show that in patients with TTH this short CBT program has effect on pain catastrophizing, escape/avoidance and daily disability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine; Center for Medical Education and Career Development, Fukushima Medical University.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Motoya
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sakuma
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Shin-Ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Niwa
authors.forename: Hirooki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yabe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010865:Pilot Projects; D018781:Tension-Type Headache / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult