title: The Presence of Fragmented QRS on 12-Lead Electrocardiography in Patients with Coronary Artery Ectasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is an angiographic finding characterized by dilation of an arterial segment with a diameter at least 1.5 times that of its adjacent normal coronary artery. Fragmented QRS (fQRS) complexes are electrocardiographic signals which reflect altered ventricular conduction around regions of a myocardial scar and/or ischaemia. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the presence of fQRS in patients with CAE.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population included 100 patients with isolated CAE without coronary artery disease (CAD) and 80 angiographically normal controls. fQRS was defined as the presence of an additional R wave or notching of R or S wave or the presence of fragmentation in two contiguous leads corresponding to a major coronary artery territory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two groups were similar in terms of age, sex, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and family history of CAD. The presence of fQRS was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the CAE group than that in the normal coronary artery group (29% vs. 6.2%, p=0.008). Isolated CAE were detected most commonly in the right coronary artery (61%), followed by left anterior descending artery (52%), left circumflex artery (36%), and left main artery (9%). Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that CAE {odds ratio (OR) 1.412; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.085-1.541; p=0.003} and diabetes (OR 1.310; 95% CI 1.025-1.482; p=0.041) were independently associated with fQRS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of fragmented QRS associated with increased risk for arrhythmias and cardiovascular mortality was significantly higher in patients with CAE than in patient with normal coronary artery. Further studies are needed to determine whether the presence of fragmented QRS is a possible new risk factor for patients with CAE.
authors.affiliation: Turkey Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.affiliation: Turkey Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Samet
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yılmaz
authors.affiliation: Turkey Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mevlüt Serdar
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kuyumcu
authors.affiliation: Turkey Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozcan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ozeke
authors.affiliation: Turkey Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa Mücahit
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Balcı
authors.affiliation: Turkey Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sinan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aydoğdu
keywords: Angiography; Coronary artery disease; Ectasia