title: A systematic review of complications and recurrence rate of arthroscopic resection of volar wrist ganglion.
abstract: The purpose of this systematic review is to determine the incidence of complications and the recurrence rate of a volar wrist ganglion following arthroscopic resection. We performed a systematic review of English and non-English articles using Google Scholar, Medline, and Web of Knowledge. Articles were screened for study inclusion by three independent reviewers using the terms "arthroscopic treatment of volar wrist ganglion" and "arthroscopic resection of volar wrist ganglion".
  
  
  METHODS
  (1) level I-V evidence, (2) documentation of the number of wrists subjected to surgery, (3) documentation of surgical techniques used on wrists, and (4) documentation of surgical or post-surgical complications and recurrence rate of a volar wrist ganglion after arthroscopic resection. A complication was defined as an adverse outcome that was directly related to the operative procedure. Between 2001 and 2012, 13 articles met the inclusion criteria. Two articles were excluded and 11 were reviewed. A total of 232 wrists underwent arthroscopic surgery with 14 recurrences. The recurrence rate ranged from 0 to 20%, with mean of 6.03%. There were 16 (6.89%) complications. There was no connection with the ganglion in six wrists, three haematomas, three cases of neuropraxia of the dorsal radial nerve, two partial lesions of the median nerve, and two lesions of a branch of the radial artery. Patients did not have a decrease in the arc range of motion. Treatment of volar ganglia of the midcarpal joint was technically difficult and associated with a higher number of complications. In general, arthroscopic resection results in fewer complications and lower recurrence rates than an open surgical approach, but there is no clear evidence of such an advantage for arthroscopic resection of a volar wrist ganglion. Additional prospective, controlled clinical trials will be essential to address this important issue.
authors.affiliation: Hand Surgery Group, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Henrique
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Cesar Dario Oliveira
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: João Baptista Gomes
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Faloppa
mesh_terms: D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D045888:Ganglion Cysts / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D012008:Recurrence; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014953:Wrist
keywords: Arthroscopy; Complications; Ganglion Cysts; Recurrence; Wrist