title: Effect of the bread-making process on zearalenone levels.
abstract: The effects of the bread-making process including fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus fermentum) and baking at 200°C on zearalenone (ZEA) levels were investigated. Standard solutions of ZEA were added to flour and then loaves of bread were prepared. Sourdough and three types of yeast including active dry yeast, instant dry yeast and compressed yeast were used for the fermentation of dough. ZEA levels in flour, dough and bread were determined by HPLC with fluorescence detection after extraction and clean-up on an immunoaffinity column. The highest reduction in levels of ZEA was found in the first fermentation (first proof), while the lowest reduction was observed in the baking stage. In addition, the results showed that compressed yeast had the maximum reduction potential on ZEA levels even at the baking stage.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Food Science & Technology , Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU) , Sari , Iran.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heidari
authors.forename: Jafar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Milani
authors.forename: Seyed Saman Seyed Jafar
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Nazari
mesh_terms: D001939:Bread / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology; D003296:Cooking; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D005433:Flour / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007492:Iran; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D013045:Species Specificity; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D015025:Zearalenone
keywords: bread; dough; sourdough; yeast; zearalenone