title: PM2.5, PM10 and health risk assessment of heavy metals in a typical printed circuit noards manufacturing workshop.
abstract: A typical Printed Circuit Board (PCB) manufacturer was chosen as the object of this study. During PCB processing, fine particulate matter and heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd and Ni) will be released into the air and dust, which then impact workers' health and the environment. The concentrations of total suspended particle (TSP), PM10 and PM2.5 in the off-site were 106.3, 90.0 and 50.2μg/m(3), respectively, while the concentrations of TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 in the workshops ranged from 36.1 to 365.3, from 27.1 to 289.8 and from 22.1 to 212.3μg/m(3), respectively. Almost all six of the heavy metals were detected in all of the particle samples except Cd. For each workshop, it was obvious that Zn was the most enriched metal in TSP, followed by Cu>Pb (Cr)>Ni>Cd, and the same trend was found for PM10 and PM2.5. In the dust samples, Cu (which ranged from 4.02 to 56.31mg/g) was the most enriched metal, followed by Zn, Cr, Pb, Ni and Cd, and the corresponding concentrations ranged from 0.77 to 4.47, 0.37 to 1.59, 0.26 to 0.84, 0.13 to 0.44 and nd to 0.078mg/g, respectively. The health risk assessment showed that noncancerous effects are unlikely for Zn, Pb, Cr, Cu, Cd and Ni. The carcinogenic risks for Cd and Ni were all lower than 10(-6), except for Cr. This result indicates that carcinogenic risks for workers are relatively possible in the workshops. These findings suggest that this technology is advanced from the perspective of environmental protection in the waste PCB's recycling industry.
authors.affiliation: School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Yangcheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China. Electronic address: zpsarka@126.com.
authors.forename: Kuangfei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D004581:Electronics; D006801:Humans; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000633:toxicity*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D052638:Particulate Matter; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: Dust; Heavy metal; PCB manufacturing; PM(2.5); Risk assessment