title: Identifying distinct candidate genes for early Parkinson's disease by analysis of gene expression in whole blood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Parkinson disease (PD) is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system, and in the majority of cases, the causes of PD are unknown. Coupled with impressive advances in statistical tools for analyzing large, complex data sets, well-designed microarray experiments are poised to make a big impact in the field of diseases. So we set the study to identify distinct PD-associated candidates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Candidate genes, with statistical significant changes of expression in PD patients' samples, were extracted from a transcriptome-wide microarray data in 105 individuals, which were downloaded from GEO, NCBI, by using statistical methods; Selected findings were confirmed by principal component analysis (PCA) and functional and pathway enrichment analysis were used to further study about the distinct candidates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 10 distinctly differentially expressed genes were identified in PD patitents' samples. After PCA confirmation, we specifically pointed out 4 genes (PRKAG2, DLG1, DDX3Y, RPS4Y) as the high confidence distinct candidates in PD. Network and functional categories showed that they were most related to translational elongation(GO:0006414) and participated in mTOR signaling pathway(hsa04150).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among 10 distinct genes which are identified in PD patients' samples, DLG1, XIST, DDX3Y and RPS4Y1 genes can classify samples into different group clearly, and they are regarded as high confidence distinct gene biomarkers of PD. Our results provide a systematic view of the functional alterations of PD that may help to elucidate the mechanisms of PD and lead to improved treatments for PD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: Ai-Guo
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: Yao-Zhong
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Jiao
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: Chao-Hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Cong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics*; D017668:Age of Onset; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics*; D000074288:Discs Large Homolog 1 Protein; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D010441:Peptide Chain Elongation, Translational / Q000235:genetics; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000235:genetics*; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C513314:DLG1 protein, human; D000074288:Discs Large Homolog 1 Protein; D005819:Genetic Markers; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; C551796:RPS4Y2 protein, human; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins; C077885:XIST non-coding RNA; C526223:PRKAG2 protein, human; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; C492034:DDX3Y protein, human; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases