title: Outbreaks of Vesicular stomatitis Alagoas virus in horses and cattle in northeastern Brazil.
abstract: The current article describes outbreaks of vesicular stomatitis (VS) in horses and cattle in Paraiba and Rio Grande do Norte states, northeastern Brazil, between June and August 2013. The reported cases affected 15-20 horses and 6 cattle distributed over 6 small farms in 4 municipalities, but additional data indicated the involvement of a large number of animals on several farms. The disease was characterized by blisters; eruptive lesions in coronary bands, lips, mouth, and muzzle; salivation; claudication and loss of condition. Swollen lower limbs and lips, and ulcerated and erosive areas in the lips and muzzle were observed in some horses. A necrotizing vesiculopustular dermatitis and stomatitis was observed histologically. Vesicular stomatitis virus was isolated from the vesicular fluid of a horse lesion and shown to be serologically related to the VS Indiana serogroup (VSIV) by virus neutralization. Convalescent sera of affected horses and cattle, and from healthy contacts, harbored high levels of neutralizing antibodies against the isolated virus (named VSIV-3 2013SaoBento/ParaibaE). Genomic sequences of VSIV subtype 3 (Vesicular stomatitis Alagoas virus) were amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction out of clinical specimens from a cow and a horse from different farms. Nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the phosphoprotein gene indicated that the 2 isolates were derived from the same virus and clustered them in VSIV-3, along with VS viruses identified in southeastern and northeastern Brazil in the last decades. Thus, the present report demonstrates the circulation of VSIV-3 in northeastern Brazil and urges for more effective diagnosis and surveillance.
authors.affiliation: Setor de Virologia, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Cargnelutti, de Lima, Weiblen, Flores)Veterinary Hospital, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil (Olinda, Maia, de Aguiar, Neto, Simões, Dantas, Riet-Correa).
authors.forename: Juliana F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Cargnelutti
authors.affiliation: Setor de Virologia, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Cargnelutti, de Lima, Weiblen, Flores)Veterinary Hospital, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil (Olinda, Maia, de Aguiar, Neto, Simões, Dantas, Riet-Correa).
authors.forename: Roberio G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Olinda
authors.affiliation: Setor de Virologia, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Cargnelutti, de Lima, Weiblen, Flores)Veterinary Hospital, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil (Olinda, Maia, de Aguiar, Neto, Simões, Dantas, Riet-Correa).
authors.forename: Lisanka A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Maia
authors.affiliation: Setor de Virologia, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Cargnelutti, de Lima, Weiblen, Flores)Veterinary Hospital, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil (Olinda, Maia, de Aguiar, Neto, Simões, Dantas, Riet-Correa).
authors.forename: Gildeni M N
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: de Aguiar
authors.affiliation: Setor de Virologia, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Cargnelutti, de Lima, Weiblen, Flores)Veterinary Hospital, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil (Olinda, Maia, de Aguiar, Neto, Simões, Dantas, Riet-Correa).
authors.forename: Eldinê G M
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Neto
authors.affiliation: Setor de Virologia, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Cargnelutti, de Lima, Weiblen, Flores)Veterinary Hospital, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil (Olinda, Maia, de Aguiar, Neto, Simões, Dantas, Riet-Correa).
authors.forename: Sara V D
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.affiliation: Setor de Virologia, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Cargnelutti, de Lima, Weiblen, Flores)Veterinary Hospital, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil (Olinda, Maia, de Aguiar, Neto, Simões, Dantas, Riet-Correa).
authors.forename: Tatiane G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: de Lima
authors.affiliation: Setor de Virologia, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Cargnelutti, de Lima, Weiblen, Flores)Veterinary Hospital, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil (Olinda, Maia, de Aguiar, Neto, Simões, Dantas, Riet-Correa).
authors.forename: Antônio F M
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Dantas
authors.affiliation: Setor de Virologia, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Cargnelutti, de Lima, Weiblen, Flores)Veterinary Hospital, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil (Olinda, Maia, de Aguiar, Neto, Simões, Dantas, Riet-Correa).
authors.forename: Rudi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weiblen
authors.affiliation: Setor de Virologia, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Cargnelutti, de Lima, Weiblen, Flores)Veterinary Hospital, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil (Olinda, Maia, de Aguiar, Neto, Simões, Dantas, Riet-Correa).
authors.forename: Eduardo F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.affiliation: Setor de Virologia, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Cargnelutti, de Lima, Weiblen, Flores)Veterinary Hospital, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil (Olinda, Maia, de Aguiar, Neto, Simões, Dantas, Riet-Correa) franklin.riet@pq.cnpq.br.
authors.forename: Franklin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Riet-Correa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D006736:Horses; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000662:veterinary; D054243:Vesicular Stomatitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D014721:Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018116:Vesiculovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010750:Phosphoproteins; D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: Alagoas; Indiana-3; vesicular disease