title: Validity and reliability of the Functioning Disability Evaluation Scale-Adult Version based on the WHODAS 2.0--36 items.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The disability eligibility determination system is based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework in Taiwan. The Functioning Disability Evaluation Scale (FUNDES) has been developed since 2007 for assessing the status of an individual's activities and participation in the disability eligibility system. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the FUNDES-Adult Version (FUNDES-Adult).
  
  
  METHODS
  During 2011-2012, a total of 5736 adults with disabilities (aged 58.4 ± 18.2 years) were randomly recruited for a national population-based study. These adults were assessed in person by certified professionals in the authorized hospitals. Domains 1-6 of the FUNDES-Adult addressing the performance and capability dimensions are modified from the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0-36-item version, and Domain 7 (Environmental attribute) and capability and capacity dimensions of Domain 8 (Motor action) are designed based on the ICF coding system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach's α ≥ 0.9). An exploratory factor analysis yielded a five-factor FUNDES structure with a variance of 76.1% and 76.9% and factor loadings of 0.56-0.94 and 0.55-0.94 for the performance and capability dimensions, respectively. The factor loadings for the second-order confirmatory factor analysis for the performance and capability dimensions were from 0.81 to 0.89. In Domains 1-6 and 8, the ceiling effects were from 9% to 36%, and the floor effects were from 5% to 45%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FUNDES-Adult has acceptable reliability and validity and can be used to measure activities and participation for people with disabilities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Feng
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Early Intervention, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ai-Wen
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsan-Hon
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Liou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tzu-Ying
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsin-Yuan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Chou
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Counseling, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ting-Fang
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ben-Shang
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shu-Jen
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: hfliao@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Hua-Fang
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing and Health Care, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: nhswteng@mohw.gov.tw.
authors.forename: Su-Wen
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Ta
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Chiu
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000145:classification*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D064702:International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D058992:Social Participation; D013624:Taiwan; D014944:World Health Organization
keywords: International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF); WHODAS 2.0; disability evaluation; reliability and validity; social participation