title: Effect of resveratrol on visceral white adipose tissue inflammation and insulin sensitivity in a mouse model of sleep apnea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sleep fragmentation (SF) increases food intake and the risk of obesity, and recruits macrophages to visceral white adipose tissue (VWAT) promoting tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. Administration of resveratrol (Resv) has been associated with significant improvements in high-fat diet-induced obesity, inflammation and insulin resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male mice were subjected to SF or sleep control conditions for 8 weeks, and treated with either Resv or vehicle (Veh). Fasting plasma levels of glucose, insulin and leptin were obtained and VWAT insulin sensitivity tests were performed (phosphorylated AKT/total AKT), along with flow-cytometric assessments for VWAT macrophages (M1 and M2) and T-cell lymphocytes (CD4+, CD8+ and T regulatory cell (Treg)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  SF-Veh and SF-Resv mice showed increased food consumption and weight gain. However, although SF-Veh mice exhibited increased fasting insulin and leptin levels, and reduced VWAT p-AKT/AKT responses to insulin, such alterations were abrogated in SF-Resv-treated mice. Increases in M1, reduced M2 counts and increased tumor necrosis factor-α release emerged in SF-Veh macrophages compared with all other three groups. Similarly, increased CD8+ and reduced Treg lymphocyte counts were apparent in SF-Veh.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resveratrol does not reverse the SF-induced increases in food intake and weight gain, but markedly attenuates VWAT inflammation and insulin resistance, thereby providing a potentially useful adjunctive therapy in the context of sleep disorders manifesting metabolic morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carreras
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: S X
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Peris
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Almendros
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gozal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004435:Eating; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D000077185:Resveratrol; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D013267:Stilbenes; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000077185:Resveratrol