title: Expression of the RIP-1 gene and its role in growth and invasion of human gallbladder carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Receptor interacting protein(RIP)-1 is thought to have a significant role in inflammation signaling pathways; however, the role of RIP-1 in malignant tumors is largely unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study examined the functions and underlying mechanisms of RIP-1 in gallbladder cancer in vitro and in vivo. In this study we determined the expression and role of RIP-1 in 60 clinical specimens from patients with gallbladder cancer and 3 gallbladder cancer cell lines. Using siRNA targeting RIP-1, plasmid vectors (phU6-EGFP-puro/siRIP-1) were constructed and transfected into the gallbladder cells to characterize the biological effect of RIP-1. Results : In vitro experiments indicated that silencing of RIP-1 in NOZ cells significantly suppressed growth and invasion. Furthermore, silencing of RIP-1 affected the RIP1-NF-κB/c-jun(AP-1)-VEGF-C pathways in NOZ cells. Silencing of RIP-1 in vivo inhibited tumor growth in a NOZ cell subcutaneous xenograft model. Immunohistochemstry analysis of the tumor in thesubcutaneous xenograft model also suggested that RIP-1 mediates the expression of VEGF-C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have elucidated therelationship between RIP-1 overexpression and the growth and invasion of gallbladder cancer from clinical specimens using a xenograft model. We provide evidence that a reduction in the expression of RIP-1 in gallbladder cancer cells can exert inhibitory effects on the ability of cells to grow and invade in vitro. Thus, targeting RIP-1may be useful in the treatment of gallbladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Guangwei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiaoqian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiujin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Haijie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Nanhong
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Feifei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: She
authors.forename: Yanling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D028861:Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000235:genetics; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C
chemical_list: C119724:AGFG1 protein, human; D016328:NF-kappa B; D028861:Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C