title: Pregnancy and venous thromboembolism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review provides a concise and complete overview of diagnostic work-up and treatment of venous thromboembolism in pregnancy, with attention to recent research developments and recent applicable guidelines. This may be useful for all the players of the multidisciplinary interaction needed in this disease management, namely cardiologists and gynecological/obstetric teams.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Venous thromboembolism is, in the developed world, a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality during pregnancy or early after delivery, with a reported incidence ranging from 0.49 to 2.0 events per 1000 deliveries. It is a particularly challenging issue and there is no common consensus on the major themes of this condition. Diagnostic options, prophylaxis and management, in the antenatal, childbirth and postnatal periods, are carefully analyzed in the light of the most recent published data. Besides, old and recent knowledge must be seen through the clinician's skilled and watchful eyes, deciding on a case-to-case and actively contributing in reducing pregnancy-related morbidity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there is an ongoing debate on various aspects of this condition and there is a paucity of high-quality studies, this review attempts to simplify the complex aspects of joining safety and efficacy in diagnosing and treating a possible two-people life-threatening disease.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecological and Urological Sciences bUnit of Cardiology, Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ralli
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zezza
authors.forename: Donatella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Caserta
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D049590:Postpartum Period; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy