title: Parental occupational exposure and risk of childhood central nervous system tumors: a pooled analysis of case-control studies from Germany, France, and the UK.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the risk of childhood central nervous system (CNS) tumors associated with parental occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), diesel motor exhaust (DME), asbestos, crystalline silica, and metals, which are established carcinogens in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  We pooled data from three population-based case-control studies from Germany, France, and the UK. Cases were children aged up to 15 years and diagnosed with CNS tumor, and controls were frequency-matched by age and sex. Socio-demographic data and parental occupation around conception/pregnancy and at diagnosis were collected using standardized interviews, face-to-face or by telephone. A general population job-exposure matrix was used to assign a level of exposure to each job. Logistic regression models were fitted to compute odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our study included 1,361 cases of CNS tumors and 5,500 controls. Paternal exposure to PAH, asbestos, and metals around conception was associated with an increased moderate risk of CNS tumors, although statistically non-significant. The association with exposure to asbestos around conception and diagnosis was stronger when fathers were exposed to high levels. Paternal exposure to DME and silica, and maternal exposure to PAH, DME, asbestos, silica, and metals, were not associated with an increased risk of CNS tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our large pooled study showed weak evidence of a modest association between paternal occupational exposure to PAH and CNS tumor risk. Our findings need further exploration in the future studies.
authors.affiliation: Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huoi
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lightfoot
authors.forename: Eve
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clavel
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lacour
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kaatsch
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kromhout
authors.forename: Roel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vermeulen
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Helen D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schüz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001194:Asbestos / Q000633:toxicity; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016543:Central Nervous System Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010290:Parents; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000633:toxicity*; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D001194:Asbestos