title: Assessing the suitability of 8-OHdG and micronuclei as genotoxic biomarkers in chromate-exposed workers: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to investigate suitable conditions of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and micronucleus (MN) as genotoxic biomarkers at different levels of occupational chromate exposure.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was used.
  
  
  METHODS
  84 workers who were exposed to chromate for at least 1 year were chosen as the chromate exposed group, while 30 non-exposed individuals were used as controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Environmental and biological exposure to chromate was respectively assessed by measuring the concentration of chromate in the air (CrA) and blood (CrB) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) in all participants. MN indicators, including micronucleus cell count (MNCC), micro-nucleus count (MNC), nuclear bridge (NPB) and nuclear bud (NBUD) were calculated by the cytokinesis-block micronucleus test (CBMN), while the urinary 8-OHdG was measured by the ELISA method and normalised by the concentration of Cre.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the control group, the levels of CrA, CrB, MNCC, MNC and 8-OHdG in the chromate-exposed group were all significantly higher (p<0.05). There were positive correlations between log(8-OHdG) and LnMNCC or LnMNC (r=0.377 and 0.362). The levels of LnMNCC, LnMNC and log (8-OHdG) all have parabola correlations with the concentration of CrB. However, there was a significantly positive correlation between log (8-OHdG) and CrB when the CrB level was below 10.50 µg/L (r=0.355), while a positive correlation was also found between LnMNCC or LnMNC and CrB when the CrB level was lower than 9.10 µg/L (r=0.365 and 0.269, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MN and 8-OHdG can be used as genotoxic biomarkers in the chromate-exposed group, but it is only when CrB levels are lower than 9.10 and 10.50 µg/L, respectively, that they can accurately reflect the degree of genetic damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yongen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health Science, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shanfa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jinglin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jia
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002424:Caustics / Q000009:adverse effects; D002617:Chemical Industry; D002840:Chromates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D048629:Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective / Q000139:chemically induced*; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011192:Potassium Dichromate / Q000009:adverse effects; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002424:Caustics; D002840:Chromates; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; D011192:Potassium Dichromate