title: Pathogenesis of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus isolate (US/Iowa/18984/2013) in 3-week-old weaned pigs.
abstract: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is associated with clinical diarrhea in naïve swine of all ages. This report describes timing of antibody generation and disease progression following infection with a US PEDV isolate by assessing fecal viral shedding, morphometric analysis of intestinal lesions, and magnitude of immunohistochemical staining. Sixty-three, 3-week-old pigs were randomly allocated into control (n=27) and challenged (n=36) groups. Challenged pigs were administered 1 mL of 1 × 10(3) PFU/mL of US/Iowa/18984/2013 PEDV isolate by oro-gastric gavage. Three control and four challenged pigs were necropsied on days post-inoculation (dpi) 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and weekly thereafter, until study termination on dpi 35. Clinical disease, fecal shedding, body weight, and temperature were monitored during the study period. Diarrhea was observed in challenged pigs beginning for some on dpi 2, affecting a majority of pigs by dpi 6 and subsiding by dpi 10. Average daily gain was significantly lower (P<0.001) for one week post-infection in challenged pigs. PEDV was detected in feces by PCR on dpi 1 and continued in a subset of pigs until dpi 24. PEDV-specific antigen was detected in villous enterocytes of challenged pigs by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on dpi 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 14. Microscopic lesions included severe diffuse atrophic enteritis with significantly reduced (P<0.001) villous length observed on dpi 3, 4, and 7. Under the conditions of this study, fecal shedding of PEDV and IHC staining can precede and continue beyond the observation of clinical signs, thus increasing the risk of viral transmission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States. Electronic address: madson@iastate.edu.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Madson
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Magstadt
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
authors.forename: P H E
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Arruda
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoang
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Bower
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhandari
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Burrough
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Gauger
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Pillatzki
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Wilberts
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brodie
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Harmon
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States; Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Main
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States. Electronic address: kyoon@iastate.edu.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000662:veterinary*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D020895:Enterocytes / Q000821:virology; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D016014:Linear Models; D053485:Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D013696:Temperature; D017201:Virus Shedding / Q000502:physiology; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers
keywords: Antibody; Immunohistochemistry; Pathogenesis; Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus; Shedding