title: A study of use of fixed dose combinations in Ahmedabad, India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of fixed dose combinations (FDCs) in Ahmedabad, a city in western part of India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over a period of 24 months, prescriptions were collected from 24 pharmacy stores across 6 zones of Ahmedabad city. The information was recorded in pre-formed Data Record Form after written consent from the patients (or relative (s) of the patients). The pattern of use of FDC, rationality and seasonal variation in their use were analyzed. At the end of study, results were analyzed using Chi-square test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of the total 1170 prescriptions, 941 (80.3%) contained 1647 FDC formulations. The average number of FDCs prescribed was 1.41 ± 1.04 (mean ± SD). The FDCs were more frequently prescribed in the age group of 31 to 40 years (23.7%) and in males (54.4%). FDCs were most commonly prescribed by oral route (92.7%). As per drug category analysis, a higher number of FDCs containing nutritional supplements (20.2%), and those for CNS (18.1%) complaints were prescribed. A seasonal analysis showed that FDCs were commonly prescribed for respiratory complaints (23.4%), central nervous system (CNS) complaints (20.3%) and as nutritional supplements (22.4%) in winter, monsoon and summer months, respectively. Only 5.8%, 9.8% and 10.9% FDCs prescribed were included in WHO (2010), National (2011) and Gujarat State (2011) Essential Medicines Lists (EML), respectively (P < 0.0001). Irrational FDCs that are banned or FDCs containing irrational active ingredients were 1343 (81.5%) and 203 (12.3%), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FDCs are widely prescribed with seasonal influence in their use. FDCs containing banned or controversial ingredients are prescribed widely.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, M. P. Shah Medical College, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Jayeshbhai Dineshchandra
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Balat
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Anuradha M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gandhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Prakruti P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Ram K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Dikshit
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D057970:Inappropriate Prescribing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055553:Prescription Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D055553:Prescription Drugs
keywords: Banned FDCs; Fixed dose combinations; irrational FDCs