title: Utilization of palm oil sludge through pyrolysis for bio-oil and bio-char production.
abstract: In this study, pyrolysis technique was utilized for converting palm oil sludge to value added materials: bio-oil (liquid fuel) and bio-char (soil amendment). The bio-oil yield obtained was 27.4±1.7 wt.% having a heating value of 22.2±3.7 MJ/kg and a negligible ash content of 0.23±0.01 wt.%. The pH of bio-oil was in alkaline region. The bio-char yielded 49.9±0.3 wt.%, which was further investigated for sorption efficiency by adsorbing metal (Cd(2+) ions) from water. The removal efficiency of Cd(2+) was 89.4±2%, which was almost similar to the removal efficiency of a commercial activated carbon. The adsorption isotherm was well described by Langmuir model. Therefore, pyrolysis is proved as an efficient tool for palm oil sludge management, where the waste was converted into valuable products.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UCSI University, KL 56000, Malaysia. Electronic address: suchithratg@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Suchithra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thangalazhy-Gopakumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UCSI University, KL 56000, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Wail Mohammed Ahmed
authors.initials: WMA
authors.lastname: Al-Nadheri
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UCSI University, KL 56000, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jegarajan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, KL 50603, Malaysia; Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Programme Area, Faculty of Engineering, Institute Technology Brunei, Tungku Gadong, P.O. Box 2909, Brunei Darussalam.
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Sahu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UCSI University, KL 56000, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, KL 50603, Malaysia.
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Mubarak
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, KL 50603, Malaysia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nizamuddin
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D056804:Biofuels; D018533:Biomass; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000737:chemistry; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007477:Ions; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry; D000073878:Palm Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D007477:Ions; D008670:Metals; D010938:Plant Oils; D012722:Sewage; C540010:biochar; D002104:Cadmium; D014867:Water; D002606:Charcoal; D000073878:Palm Oil; D002244:Carbon
keywords: Adsorption; Bio-char; Bio-oil; Palm oil sludge; Pyrolysis