title: The influence of whole grain products and red meat on intestinal microbiota composition in normal weight adults: a randomized crossover intervention trial.
abstract: Intestinal microbiota is related to obesity and serum lipid levels, both risk factors for chronic diseases constituting a challenge for public health. We investigated how a diet rich in whole grain (WG) products and red meat (RM) influences microbiota. During a 10-week crossover intervention study, 20 healthy adults consumed two isocaloric diets, one rich in WG products and one high in RM. Repeatedly data on microbiota were assessed by 16S rRNA based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). A blood sample and anthropometric data were collected. Mixed models and logistic regression were used to investigate effects. Microbiota showed interindividual variability. However, dietary interventions modified microbiota appearance: 8 bands changed in at least 4 participants during the interventions. One of the bands appearing after WG and one increasing after RM remained significant in regression models and were identified as Collinsella aerofaciens and Clostridium sp. The WG intervention lowered obesity parameters, while the RM diet increased serum levels of uric acid and creatinine. The study showed that diet is a component of major relevance regarding its influence on intestinal microbiota and that WG has an important role for health. The results could guide investigations of diet and microbiota in observational prospective cohort studies. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01449383.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Foerster
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America.
authors.forename: Gertraud
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maskarinec
authors.affiliation: Gut Health and Food Safety, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Reichardt
authors.affiliation: Gut Health and Food Safety, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tett
authors.affiliation: Gut Health and Food Safety, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Arjan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Narbad
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blaut
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
authors.forename: Heiner
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boeing
mesh_terms: D039903:Actinobacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000328:Adult; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001835:Body Weight; D003013:Clostridium / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics*; D000069466:Red Meat / Q000032:analysis; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood; D000067348:Whole Grains / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D014527:Uric Acid; D003404:Creatinine