title: Local determination of the amount of integration of an atom into a crystal surface.
abstract: Collective vibrational modes of crystal lattices, called phonons, determine fundamental material properties, such as their thermal and electrical conductivities. Bulk phonon spectra are influenced by point defects. More recently, the importance of phonons on nanostructures has come into the focus of attention. Here we show a spatially resolved phonon spectra of point defects that reveal distinctly different signatures for a cavity alone and an impurity atom fully integrated into the surface as opposed to one placed into a cavity. The spectra are indicative for delocalized phonons and localized vibrations, respectively, as confirmed by theory.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Volgmann
authors.affiliation: Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gawronski
authors.affiliation: Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Ch
authors.initials: Ch
authors.lastname: Zaum
authors.affiliation: 1] Laboratory for Physics of Surface Phenomena, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, pr. Academicheskiy 2/4, 634021 Tomsk, Russia [2] Laboratory of Nanostructured Surfaces and Coatings, Tomsk State University, pr. Lenina 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia.
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Rusina
authors.affiliation: 1] Laboratory for Physics of Surface Phenomena, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, pr. Academicheskiy 2/4, 634021 Tomsk, Russia [2] Laboratory of Nanostructured Surfaces and Coatings, Tomsk State University, pr. Lenina 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Borisova
authors.affiliation: 1] Laboratory of Nanostructured Surfaces and Coatings, Tomsk State University, pr. Lenina 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia [2] Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) and CFM-MPC, Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, Departamento de Física de Materiales, UPV/EHU, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain.
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Chulkov
authors.affiliation: Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für physikalische Chemie I, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44803 Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morgenstern