title: HIV status and postpartum contraceptive use in an antenatal population in Durban, South Africa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined contraceptive use and dual protection in the postpartum period in a Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission population and whether it varied by HIV status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data are from a prospective study, the South Africa HIV Antenatal Post-test Support Study. Pregnant participants were recruited from a government clinic in an urban township, and the analytic sample was 821. Following enrollment, participants were tested for HIV and administered a questionnaire at baseline and 14 weeks postpartum. We used generalized linear regression models to examine HIV status and use of modern contraceptives at 14 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The risk ratio of condom use at 14 weeks postpartum was 1.66 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.36-2.02] for HIV-positive compared to HIV-negative women. The risk ratio for dual protection (use of a condom and a hormonal method) was 1.96 (95% CI: 1.39-2.79) at 14 weeks for HIV-positive compared to HIV-negative women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV positive status may be a motivating factor for women to use condoms and dual protection. In this setting where HIV is highly prevalent, it is ever more important that women control the timing and limiting of births so as to preserve the health of the mother and child.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV status may be an important motivating behavioral factor for women to use contraceptives and dual protection in the postpartum period.
authors.affiliation: Research and Evaluation, Ipas. Electronic address: marlowh@ipas.org.
authors.forename: Heather M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Marlow
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maman
authors.affiliation: Women's Health and HIV Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal.
authors.forename: Dhayendre
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moodley
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
authors.forename: Siân
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
authors.forename: Luz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McNaughton Reyes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017280:Condoms; D003268:Contraception Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005193:Family Planning Services / Q000193:education; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000208:ethnology; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D049590:Postpartum Period; D015995:Prevalence; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014504:Urban Health / Q000208:ethnology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female
keywords: Contraception; Fertility; HIV/AIDS; Postpartum; South Africa