title: Hippocampal atrophy varies by neuropsychologically defined MCI among men in their 50s.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In an effort to address earliest detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), we examined hippocampal volumes and atrophy in middle-aged men to explore neuroanatomical support for different neuropsychological definitions of MCI.
  
  
  METHODS
  460 men aged 51-60 years underwent neuropsychological testing and MRI. MCI was defined according to five criteria sets. MRI-derived hippocampal volume and hippocampal occupancy (HOC) were obtained via FreeSurfer. Statistical analyses were performed using linear mixed models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Differences in HOC between normal cognitive functioning, amnestic, and non-amnestic MCI were observed using MCI criteria that required one impaired (>1.5 SD) cognitive measure in a given cognitive domain or a cognitive composite score method with a cut-point 2 SD below the mean. Differences in standard hippocampal volume were only found between normal and amnestic presentations and only when using the composite score method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results provide empirical support for detection of pre-MCI in younger cohorts. Convergence of neuropsychological and neuroanatomical data, particularly HOC (as opposed to standard cross-sectional volume), supports early identification of MCI as defined by some neuropsychological criteria.
authors.affiliation: Psychology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA; Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA. Electronic address: ajak@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Amy J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Jak
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Twin Research Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Genomics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Panizzon
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Twin Research Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Genomics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Computational Science Research Center, San Diego State University/Claremont Graduate University, San Diego, CA.
authors.forename: Kelly M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Spoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fennema-Notestine
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Twin Research Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Genomics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
authors.forename: Carol E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Franz
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Twin Research Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Genomics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
authors.forename: Wesley K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Kristen C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Saint Louis University School of Public Health, St. Louis, MO; St. Louis VA Healthcare System, St. Louis, MO.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xian
authors.affiliation: Psychology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
authors.forename: Lisa T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Eyler
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Twin Research Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Genomics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Eero
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vuoksimaa
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Toomey
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry and Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Neale
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Twin Research Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Genomics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
authors.forename: Ming T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Tsuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
authors.forename: Anders M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Dale
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Twin Research Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Genomics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
authors.forename: William S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Kremen
mesh_terms: D001284:Atrophy; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D018450:Disease Progression; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D016743:Mental Competency; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009929:Organ Size; D014481:United States
keywords: MCI; MRI; neuropsychology