title: InCl3-catalyzed conversion of carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in biphasic system.
abstract: InCl3, a water-compatible Lewis acid, was used for the conversion of microcrystalline cellulose to produce 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in a H2O/THF biphasic system. Addition of NaCl increased the HMF yield significantly but suppressed the levulinic acid (LA) formation. The HMF yield of 39.7% was obtained in 2h at 200°C in the NaCl-H2O/THF catalytic system catalyzed by InCl3. The catalytic system also showed effectiveness to convert other carbohydrates to HMF, including glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch, which demonstrated great potential towards different feedstocks.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
authors.forename: Jiankui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
authors.forename: Yuxuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
authors.forename: Mingfei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China. Electronic address: mzlwb@bjfu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
authors.forename: Runcang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D007204:Indium / Q000737:chemistry*; D007982:Levulinic Acids / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D044367:Phase Transition; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D007982:Levulinic Acids; D007204:Indium; D014867:Water; C020758:indium trichloride; D012965:Sodium Chloride; C008046:5-hydroxymethylfurfural; D002482:Cellulose; D005662:Furaldehyde; C032246:levulinic acid
keywords: 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural; Biphasic system; Cellulose; InCl(3); Levulinic acid