title: Prevalence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in type 2 diabetes mellitus with poor glycemic control.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the relationship between exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and the level of glycemic control in diabetes (DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with type 2 DM treated in our clinic were prospectively recruited into the study. Pancreatic diabetes was excluded. Cases with HbA1c ≥7% formed Group A (n = 59), and with HbA1c <7% Group B (n = 42). The fecal level of pancreatic elastase (PE-1) was measured and morphological examinations of the pancreas were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PE-1 level was significantly lower in Group A than in Group B (385.9 ± 171.1 μg/g, vs. 454.6 ± 147.3 μg/g, p = 0.038). The PE-1 level was not correlated with HbA1c (r = -0.132, p = 0.187), the duration of DM (r = -0.046, p = 0.65), age (r = 0.010, p = 0.921), BMI (r = 0.203, p = 0.059), or pancreatic steatosis (r = 0.117, p = 0.244). The size of the pancreas did not differ significantly between Groups A and B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An exocrine pancreatic insufficiency demonstrated by fecal PE-1 determination is more frequent in type 2 DM patients with poor glycemic control. The impaired exocrine pancreatic function cannot be explained by an alteration in the size of the pancreas or by pancreatic steatosis.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Viktória
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Terzin
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Tamás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Várkonyi
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Annamária
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szabolcs
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Csaba
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lengyel
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Tamás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takács
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zsóri
authors.affiliation: Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Anette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stájer
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: András
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palkó
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Tibor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wittmann
authors.affiliation: Erzsébet Hospital, Hódmezővásárhely, Hungary.
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pálinkás
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary. Electronic address: czako.laszlo@med.u-szeged.hu.
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Czakó
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D010188:Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010179:Pancreas / Q000473:pathology; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human; C017130:cholesterol-binding protein
keywords: Chronic pancreatitis; Diabetes mellitus; Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency; Fecal elastase 1; Glycemic control; Pancreatic enzyme replacement