title: Ontogeny of melanophore photosensitivity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
abstract: Migratory species experience morphological and physiological changes during transitions between different life stages. In particular, modification of sensory systems is critical for animals to adapt to new environments. For example, to prepare for entry into seawater, salmonids undergo smoltification with dramatic changes in ultraviolet photoreceptors and polarized vision, which are important for orientation and foraging behaviours. Extraretinal organs are also involved in photoreception; however, the ontogenetic development of extraretinal photoreceptors is not well known, especially in migratory species. Here, we investigated whether rainbow trout dermal photoreceptors, melanophores, undergo change in spectral sensitivity during smoltification and which candidate molecules may account for this ontogenetic alteration. Our results showed that, contrary to parr melanophores which are insensitive to light, smolt melanophores displayed chromatic photoresponses with the emergence of cryptochrome and melanopsin expression. We suggest that these modifications may benefit the active foraging behaviour of smolts and enable adaptation to variable environments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada shyhchi.chen@mail.huji.ac.il.
authors.forename: Shyh-Chi
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, ON K7L 3N6, Canada, Canada.
authors.forename: R Meldrum
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, ON K7L 3N6, Canada, Canada.
authors.forename: Craig W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hawryshyn
keywords: chromatophore; opsin; photoreceptor; photoresponse; pigment cell; rainbow trout; visual pigment