title: Polycystic ovary syndrome as a paradigm for prehypertension, prediabetes, and preobesity.
abstract: The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hyperandrogenic disorder affecting 5-10 % of premenopausal women. These patients gather multiple cardiovascular risk factors from early ages. Hence, PCOS is currently considered a paradigm of cardiometabolic disease. Research about its pathogenesis has grown over the last years, covering from the potential fetal developmental programming to the molecular basis of adipose tissue dysfunction, insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, sympathetic hyperactivity, and endothelial dysfunction. All these abnormalities put these patients at an increased risk of vascular events. Thus, practitioners attending these women must have a broad pathophysiological knowledge of PCOS. We here review recent scientific insights about its cardiometabolic phenotype focusing on the pathogenesis of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. We emphasize that a diagnosis of PCOS, especially if accompanied by excess weight, must be followed by a complete and periodical cardiometabolic evaluation and by the aggressive management of the abnormalities identified, with the aim of preventing future cardiovascular morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group. Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá. Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS). Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km. 9,1, 28034, Madrid, Spain, manuel.luque@salud.madrid.org.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luque-Ramírez
authors.forename: Héctor F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Escobar-Morreale
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D058246:Prehypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*