title: Automatic Detection of Masses in Mammograms Using Quality Threshold Clustering, Correlogram Function, and SVM.
abstract: Breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer in the world. Several computer-aided detection and diagnosis systems have been used to assist health experts and to indicate suspect areas that would be difficult to perceive by the human eye; this approach has aided in the detection and diagnosis of cancer. The present work proposes a method for the automatic detection of masses in digital mammograms by using quality threshold (QT), a correlogram function, and the support vector machine (SVM). This methodology comprises the following steps: The first step is to perform preprocessing with a low-pass filter, which increases the scale of the contrast, and the next step is to use an enhancement to the wavelet transform with a linear function. After the preprocessing is segmentation using QT; then, we perform post-processing, which involves the selection of the best mass candidates. This step is performed by analyzing the shape descriptors through the SVM. For the stage that involves the extraction of texture features, we used Haralick descriptors and a correlogram function. In the classification stage, the SVM was again used for training, validation, and final test. The results were as follows: sensitivity 92.31 %, specificity 82.2 %, accuracy 83.53 %, mean rate of false positives per image 1.12, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve 0.8033. Breast cancer is notable for presenting the highest mortality rate in addition to one of the smallest survival rates after diagnosis. An early diagnosis means a considerable increase in the survival chance of the patients. The methodology proposed herein contributes to the early diagnosis and survival rate and, thus, proves to be a useful tool for specialists who attempt to anticipate the detection of masses.
authors.affiliation: Applied Computing Group - NCA/UFMA, Federal University of Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, SN, Campus do Bacanga, Bacanga, São Luís, MA, 65085-580, Brazil, joberth1@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Joberth
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Nazaré Silva
authors.forename: Antonio Oseas
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: de Carvalho Filho
authors.forename: Aristófanes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corrêa Silva
authors.forename: Anselmo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cardoso de Paiva
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gattass
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008327:Mammography; D012372:ROC Curve; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D060388:Support Vector Machine