title: Reproducibility of spatio-temporal and dynamic parameters in various, daily occurring, turning conditions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to assess the test-retest reproducibility of specific spatio-temporal (foot placement, foot contact time) and dynamic (resultant horizontal and vertical ground reaction force) gait parameters of three different, everyday occurring, turning conditions. The subjects were tested at two subsequent days. Out of this setting the purpose of this study is to clarify, if turning locomotion is stable when performed at different test occurrences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight subjects completed three different daily occurring turning conditions along turns with a given walking velocity of 5 km/h (± 10%). Subjects had to complete the turns three times clockwise and counter clockwise. The measurements were recorded with a 3D motion analysis system (Vicon(®)) and two force sensitive platforms (AMTI(®)), connected to the motion analysis system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis yields for most of the parameters and turning conditions ICCs from good (r = 0.72; p = .06) to high (r = 0.96; p < .01) magnitude for the measured spatio-temporal and dynamic parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on our findings it can be assumed that locomotion strategies, related to the measured gait parameters of common daily turning tasks, are stable and reproducible.
authors.affiliation: BioMotion Center, Institute of Sports and Sports Science (IfSS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. Electronic address: frieder.krafft@kit.edu.
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Krafft
authors.affiliation: BioMotion Center, Institute of Sports and Sports Science (IfSS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. Electronic address: melanie.eckelt@student.kit.edu.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eckelt
authors.affiliation: BioMotion Center, Institute of Sports and Sports Science (IfSS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. Electronic address: anja.koellner@student.kit.edu.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Köllner
authors.affiliation: BioMotion Center, Institute of Sports and Sports Science (IfSS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. Electronic address: michaela.wehrstein@student.kit.edu.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wehrstein
authors.affiliation: BioMotion Center, Institute of Sports and Sports Science (IfSS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. Electronic address: thorsten.stein@kit.edu.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, Am SportparkMüngersdorf 6, 50933 Köln, Germany; ARCUS Clinics Pforzheim, Germany. Electronic address: potthast@dshs-koeln.de.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Potthast
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000502:physiology; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008124:Locomotion / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Gait analysis; Motion analysis; Test–retest-analysis; Turning gait; Turning gait locomotion