title: A machine learning approach to multi-level ECG signal quality classification.
abstract: Current electrocardiogram (ECG) signal quality assessment studies have aimed to provide a two-level classification: clean or noisy. However, clinical usage demands more specific noise level classification for varying applications. This work outlines a five-level ECG signal quality classification algorithm. A total of 13 signal quality metrics were derived from segments of ECG waveforms, which were labeled by experts. A support vector machine (SVM) was trained to perform the classification and tested on a simulated dataset and was validated using data from the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database (MITDB). The simulated training and test datasets were created by selecting clean segments of the ECG in the 2011 PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge database, and adding three types of real ECG noise at different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels from the MIT-BIH Noise Stress Test Database (NSTDB). The MITDB was re-annotated for five levels of signal quality. Different combinations of the 13 metrics were trained and tested on the simulated datasets and the best combination that produced the highest classification accuracy was selected and validated on the MITDB. Performance was assessed using classification accuracy (Ac), and a single class overlap accuracy (OAc), which assumes that an individual type classified into an adjacent class is acceptable. An Ac of 80.26% and an OAc of 98.60% on the test set were obtained by selecting 10 metrics while 57.26% (Ac) and 94.23% (OAc) were the numbers for the unseen MITDB validation data without retraining. By performing the fivefold cross validation, an Ac of 88.07±0.32% and OAc of 99.34±0.07% were gained on the validation fold of MITDB.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK.
authors.forename: Qiao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Mindray DS USA, Mahwah, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Cadathur
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rajagopalan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK. Electronic address: gari@robots.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Gari D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Clifford
mesh_terms: D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008490:Medical Informatics / Q000379:methods; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio; D060388:Support Vector Machine
keywords: ECG; Machine learning; Multi-level classification; Signal quality; Support vector machine