title: Upregulation of immunomodulatory molecules by matrine treatment in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
abstract: Immunological dysfunction is a primary characteristic of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Matrine (MAT), a quinolizidine alkaloid derived from the herb Radix Sophorae Flave, has been shown to ameliorate the clinical signs of EAE by suppressing the production of proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-17, as well as adhesive molecules. However, whether MAT is simply an immunosuppressive or an immunomodulatory reagent has not been studied. In the present study we focused on possible immunomodulatory mechanisms underlying the effects of MAT in EAE. Our results showed that administration of MAT significantly increased serum production of Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5, and regulatory T cell (Treg) related cytokines IL-10, TGF-β1, as well as expression of Foxp3, a Treg transcription factor, in the spinal cord. In addition, MAT treatment significantly upregulated CNS expression of Nrf2 and HO-1, which play important roles in inhibiting oxidative stress and CNS inflammation. Together, our findings identify MAT as, not only an immunosuppressive, but also a potent immunomodulatory natural product for the treatment of EAE and which has potential as a novel therapeutic option for MS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Quan-cheng
authors.initials: QC
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-jian
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Yu-ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Xv
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Su
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. Electronic address: Guang-Xian.Zhang@jefferson.edu.
authors.forename: Guang-xian
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China. Electronic address: zhulin66zhulin@126.com.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D011807:Quinolizines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D015854:Up-Regulation; D000093842:Matrines
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D016207:Cytokines; D011807:Quinolizines; D000093842:Matrines
keywords: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; Foxp3; IL-10; IL-4; IL-5; Matrine; Oxidative stress; TGF-β1