title: Dopa-Responsive Dystonia and gait analysis: A case study of levodopa therapeutic effects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients suffering Dopa-Responsive Dystonia present dystonia, abnormal postural balance and gait impairment. Treatment with levodopa typically improves these three symptoms. The present study provides an extensive analysis of gait and posture in a patient with Dopa-Responsive Dystonia, prior to and during levodopa therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient was assessed with the Unified Dystonia Rating Scale, underwent motion analysis with an optoelectronic system and postural analysis with force plates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study provides a detailed quantification of gait parameters in a Dopa-Responsive Dystonia patient. Prior to treatment, mean walking speed was severely reduced, gait cadence and step length were decreased and stride width was increased. Right lower limb and pelvis showed kinematic defects, trunk and Centre of Mass were backwards. During levodopa therapy, the walking speed was doubled, gait cadence and step length were increased and stride width was reduced. Nearly all kinematic parameters of lower limbs were significantly improved. The patient's Centre of Mass during gait and Centre of pressure in static position both shifted forward.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Levodopa dramatically decreased dystonia and improved spatio-temporal, kinematic and posture parameters. Our main pathophysiological hypothesis is that trunk tilt and its consequences on the Centre of Mass position have a pivotal influence on gait and balance, explaining both the initial impairments and the therapeutic effects. Gait analysis proves to be an effective tool to understand the pathophysiology of this patient, the therapeutic effects and mild residual gait defects in order to plan further rehabilitation strategy for this DRD patient. We propose that it will also prove to be useful for the exploration of other dystonic patients.
authors.affiliation: Plateforme « Mouvement et Handicap », Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer, Bron, France; Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Saint Genis Laval, France; Service de Neurorééducation, Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France. Electronic address: remi.rebour@chu-lyon.fr.
authors.forename: Rémi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rebour
authors.affiliation: Plateforme « Mouvement et Handicap », Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer, Bron, France; Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Saint Genis Laval, France.
authors.forename: Ludovic
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Delporte
authors.affiliation: Plateforme « Mouvement et Handicap », Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer, Bron, France; Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Saint Genis Laval, France; ImpAct, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Inserm, CNRS, Université de Lyon 1, Bron, France.
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Revol
authors.affiliation: Plateforme « Mouvement et Handicap », Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer, Bron, France; Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Saint Genis Laval, France.
authors.forename: Lisette
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arsenault
authors.affiliation: ImpAct, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Inserm, CNRS, Université de Lyon 1, Bron, France; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.affiliation: Service de Neurologie C, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer, France; Centre de Neurosciences cognitives, CNRS UMR 5229, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Broussolle
authors.affiliation: Plateforme « Mouvement et Handicap », Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer, Bron, France; Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Saint Genis Laval, France; Service de Neurorééducation, Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France; ImpAct, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Inserm, CNRS, Université de Lyon 1, Bron, France.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luauté
authors.affiliation: Plateforme « Mouvement et Handicap », Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer, Bron, France; Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Saint Genis Laval, France; Service de Neurorééducation, Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France; ImpAct, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Inserm, CNRS, Université de Lyon 1, Bron, France. Electronic address: yves.rossetti@inserm.fr.
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rossetti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects; D020821:Dystonic Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011187:Posture; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007980:Levodopa
keywords: Balance; Centre of Mass; Dopa-Responsive Dystonia; Gait; Levodopa; Posture