title: Children's safety initiative: a national assessment of pediatric educational needs among emergency medical services providers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Emergency medical services (EMS) providers may have critical knowledge gaps in pediatric care due to lack of exposure and training. There is currently little evidence to guide educators to the knowledge gaps that most need to be addressed to improve patient safety. The objective of this study was to identify educational needs of EMS providers related to pediatric care in various domains in order to inform development of curricula.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Children's Safety Initiative-EMS performed a three-phase Delphi survey on patient safety in pediatric emergencies among providers and content experts in pediatric emergency care, including physicians, nurses, and prehospital providers of all levels. Each round included questions related to educational needs of providers or the effect of training on patient safety events. We identified knowledge gaps in the following domains: case exposure, competency and knowledge, assessment and decision making, and critical thinking and proficiency. Individual knowledge gaps were ranked by portion of respondents who ranked them "highly likely" (Likert-type score 7-10 out of 10) to contribute to safety events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 737 respondents who were included in analysis of the first phase of the survey. Paramedics were 50.8% of respondents, EMT-basics/first responders were 22%, and physicians 11.4%. The top educational priorities identified in the final round of the survey include pediatric airway management, responder anxiety when working with children, and general pediatric skills among providers. The top three needs in decision-making include knowing when to alter plans mid-course, knowing when to perform an advanced airway, and assessing pain in children. The top 3 technical or procedural skills needs were pediatric advanced airway, neonatal resuscitation, and intravenous/intraosseous access. For neonates, specific educational needs identified included knowing appropriate vital signs and preventing hypothermia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first large-scale Delphi survey related to pediatric prehospital education. Our results provide foundational information related to the educational needs of prehospital providers. Medical directors and educators can use the results to shape future curricular development.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Garth
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Meckler
authors.forename: Caitlyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dickinson
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dickenson
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jui
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: Jeanne-Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Guise
mesh_terms: D000488:Allied Health Personnel; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003479:Curriculum; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods*; D004634:Emergency Medical Technicians / Q000193:education*; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D061214:Patient Safety; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Pediatric EMS; prehospital education