title: Watchful waiting: role of disease progression on uncertainty and depressive symptoms in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  New therapies for HCV are rapidly emerging and providers are advising select patients to defer treatment and elect 'watchful waiting'. During the watchful waiting period, patients have been shown to have high rates of illness uncertainty and depression. We sought to answer the question of whether reassuring histological data (showing minimal fibrosis or no fibrosis progression over time) is associated with less illness uncertainty and depressive symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a single-centre outpatient prospective cohort study to determine whether stage of fibrosis, fibrosis progression and reasons for treatment deferral were related to illness uncertainty and depressive symptoms in patients following watchful waiting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Illness uncertainty was significantly related to depressive symptoms (r = 0.49, P < 0.01). More than half of the participants (54%) had moderate levels of uncertainty. About 40% of the participants were at risk for clinical depression (21.7% at mild to moderate risk and 18.5% at high risk). Treatment naïve subjects had lower mean scores on both the CES-D (depressive symptoms measure) and the MUIS-A (illness uncertainty measure) total score, MUIS-A Ambiguity subscale and MUIS-A Inconsistency subscale than subjects who failed treatment or were interferon intolerant or ineligible. Surprisingly, liver fibrosis stage and progression were not significantly associated with overall illness uncertainty or depressive symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with chronic hepatitis C on watchful waiting are at high risk for significant illness uncertainty and depressive symptoms. Reassuring histological data does not seem to correlate with less uncertainty or depressive symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Colagreco
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Fitzpatrick
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Musil
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Afdhal
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients; D011446:Prospective Studies; D035501:Uncertainty
keywords: depression; fibrosis; hepatitis C; uncertainty; watchful waiting