title: Effects of iron supplementation on blood adenine deaminase activity and oxidative stress in Trypanosoma evansi infection of rats.
abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of iron supplementation on oxidative stress and on the activity of the adenosine deaminase (ADA) in rats experimentally infected by Trypanosoma evansi. For this purpose, 20 rats were divided into four experimental groups with five animals each as follows: groups A and B were composed by healthy animals, while animals from groups C and D were infected by T. evansi. Additionally, groups B and D received two subcutaneous doses of iron (60 mg kg(-1)) within an interval of 5 days. Blood samples were drawn on day 8 post infection in order to assess hematological and biochemical variables. Among the main results are: (1) animals from group C showed reduced erythrogram (with tendency to anemia); however the same results were not observed for group D; this might be a direct effect of free iron on trypanosomes which helped to reduce the parasitemia and the damage to erythrocytes caused by the infection; (2) iron supplementation was able to reduce NOx levels by inhibiting iNOS, and thus, providing an antioxidant action and, indirectly, reducing the ALT levels in groups Band D; (3) increase FRAP levels in group D; (4) reduce ADA activity in serum and erythrocytes in group C; however, this supplementation (5) increased the protein oxidation in groups B and D, as well as group C (positive control). Therefore, iron showed antioxidant and oxidant effects on animals that received supplementation; and it maintained the activity of E-ADA stable in infected/supplemented animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Toxicological Biochemistry of Graduate Program, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nathieli B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Bottari
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Matheus D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Baldissera
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Tonin
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raqueli T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: França
authors.affiliation: Toxicological Biochemistry of Graduate Program, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Danieli
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zanini
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marta L R
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sonia T A
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Toxicological Biochemistry of Graduate Program, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Rosa C
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Schetinger
authors.affiliation: Toxicological Biochemistry of Graduate Program, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vera M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Morsch
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Silvia G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Naiara S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Guarda
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Moresco
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adelina R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Aires
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lenita M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Stefani
authors.affiliation: Toxicological Biochemistry of Graduate Program, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil. Electronic address: aleksandro_ss@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Aleksandro S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Da Silva
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000619:Aminohydrolases / Q000097:blood*; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004285:Dogs; D004906:Erythrocyte Count; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D006400:Hematocrit; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D018512:Parasitemia; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014352:Trypanosomiasis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D006454:Hemoglobins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D014508:Urea; D003404:Creatinine; D007501:Iron; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000619:Aminohydrolases; C018774:adenine deaminase
keywords: ADA; Anemia; Antioxidants; Oxidants; Trypanosomosis