title: Role of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in local immunosuppression in HPV-associated cervical neoplasia.
abstract: Cervical cancer is a worldwide disease that constitutes a significant public health problem, especially in developing countries, not only due to its high incidence but also because the most affected population comprises women who belong to marginalized socio-economic classes. Clinical and molecular research has identified immunological impairment in squamous intraepithelial cervical lesions and cervical cancer patients. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) has several mechanisms for avoiding the immune system: it down-regulates the expression of interferon and upregulates interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 to produce a local immunosuppressive environment, which, along with altered tumor surface antigens, forms an immunosuppressive network that inhibits the antitumor immune response. In this review we analyzed the available data on several deregulated cellular immune functions in patients with NIC I, NIC II and NIC III and cervical cancer. The effects of immunosuppressive cytokines on innate immune response, T-cell activation and cellular factors that promote tumor cell proliferation in cervical cancer patients are summarized. We discuss the functional consequences of HPV E2, E6, and E7 protein interactions with IL-10 and TGF-β1 promoters in the induction of these cytokines and postulate its effect on the cellular immune response in squamous intraepithelial cervical lesions and cervical cancer patients. This review provides a comprehensive picture of the immunological functions of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in response to HPV in humans.
authors.affiliation: Kirvis Torres-Poveda, Margarita Bahena-Román, Claudia Madrid-González, Ana I Burguete-García, Víctor Hugo Bermúdez-Morales, Oscar Peralta-Zaragoza, Vicente Madrid-Marina, Chronic Infection and Cancer Division, Research Center on Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: Kirvis
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Torres-Poveda
authors.affiliation: Kirvis Torres-Poveda, Margarita Bahena-Román, Claudia Madrid-González, Ana I Burguete-García, Víctor Hugo Bermúdez-Morales, Oscar Peralta-Zaragoza, Vicente Madrid-Marina, Chronic Infection and Cancer Division, Research Center on Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bahena-Román
authors.affiliation: Kirvis Torres-Poveda, Margarita Bahena-Román, Claudia Madrid-González, Ana I Burguete-García, Víctor Hugo Bermúdez-Morales, Oscar Peralta-Zaragoza, Vicente Madrid-Marina, Chronic Infection and Cancer Division, Research Center on Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Madrid-González
authors.affiliation: Kirvis Torres-Poveda, Margarita Bahena-Román, Claudia Madrid-González, Ana I Burguete-García, Víctor Hugo Bermúdez-Morales, Oscar Peralta-Zaragoza, Vicente Madrid-Marina, Chronic Infection and Cancer Division, Research Center on Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ana I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Burguete-García
authors.affiliation: Kirvis Torres-Poveda, Margarita Bahena-Román, Claudia Madrid-González, Ana I Burguete-García, Víctor Hugo Bermúdez-Morales, Oscar Peralta-Zaragoza, Vicente Madrid-Marina, Chronic Infection and Cancer Division, Research Center on Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: Víctor Hugo
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Bermúdez-Morales
authors.affiliation: Kirvis Torres-Poveda, Margarita Bahena-Román, Claudia Madrid-González, Ana I Burguete-García, Víctor Hugo Bermúdez-Morales, Oscar Peralta-Zaragoza, Vicente Madrid-Marina, Chronic Infection and Cancer Division, Research Center on Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Peralta-Zaragoza
authors.affiliation: Kirvis Torres-Poveda, Margarita Bahena-Román, Claudia Madrid-González, Ana I Burguete-García, Víctor Hugo Bermúdez-Morales, Oscar Peralta-Zaragoza, Vicente Madrid-Marina, Chronic Infection and Cancer Division, Research Center on Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Madrid-Marina
keywords: Cervical cancer; Human Papillomavirus; Immunosuppression; Interleukin-10; Transforming growth factor-β1