title: Immunolabeling and the compatibility with a variety of fingermark development techniques.
abstract: Much information can be obtained from the chemical composition of a fingermark, which can be helpful in crime scene investigation. Immunolabeling can be used to extract information about the donor of the fingermark and it can also act as a fingermark development tool in sequence with the standard fingermark development techniques. However, before immunolabeling can be used in forensic practice more information on the possibilities and limitations of this technique is required. In this study, our aim was to investigate if immunolabeling is compatible with standard development protocols (indanedione-zinc, indanedione-zinc followed by ninhydrin spraying, physical developer, cyanoacrylate fuming, cyanoacrylate followed by basic yellow staining, lumicyanoacrylate fuming and polycyanoacrylate fuming). Immunolabeling was carried out successfully on all developed fingermarks, whereby dermcidin was selected as antigen of interest. We can conclude that immunolabeling is compatible with a wide variety of different fingermark developers. This finding in combination with previous findings, makes immunolabeling an interesting technique, which can be of great value in the forensic field.
authors.affiliation: University of Amsterdam, Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: annemiekevandam@amc.uva.nl.
authors.forename: Annemieke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Dam
authors.affiliation: University of Amsterdam, Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Maurice C G
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Aalders
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Forensic Institute, Department of Digital Technology and Biometrics, Laan van Ypenburg 6, 2497 GB The Hague, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Puit
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Forensic Institute, Department of Digital Technology and Biometrics, Laan van Ypenburg 6, 2497 GB The Hague, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Shermayne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gorré
authors.affiliation: University of Amsterdam, Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dilber
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Irmak
authors.affiliation: University of Amsterdam, Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ton G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: van Leeuwen
authors.affiliation: University of Amsterdam, Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Saskia A G
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lambrechts
keywords: Antibodies; Development; Fingermarks; Fingerprint visualization techniques; Fingerprints; Immunolabeling