title: "Oops! I forgot HIV": resident physician self-audits and universal HIV screening.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Innovations are needed to increase universal HIV screening by primary care providers. One potential intervention is self-audit feedback, which describes the process of a clinician reviewing their own patient charts and reflecting on their performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effectiveness of self-audit feedback was investigated using a mixed methods approach. A total of 2111 patient charts were analyzed in a quantitative pre-post intervention study design, where the intervention was providing self-audit feedback to all internal medicine residents at one institution through an annual chart review. Qualitative data generated from the subsequent resident focus group discussions explored the motivation and mechanism for change using a knowledge-attitude-behavior framework.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of primary care patients screened for HIV increased from 17.9% (190/1060) to 40.3% (423/1051). The adjusted odds ratio of a patient being screened following resident self-audited feedback was 3.17 (95% CI 2.11, 4.76, p<0.001). Focus group participants attributed the improved performance to the self-audit feedback.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-audit feedback is a potentially effective intervention for increasing universal HIV screening in primary care. This strategy may be most useful in settings where (1) baseline performance is low, (2) behavioral change is provider-driven, and (3) resident trainees are targeted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, UWMF Centennial Building, 5th Floor, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States; Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, WARF Building, Room 601, 610 Walnut Street, Madison, WI 52726, United States; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Ter, Madison, WI 53705, United States. Electronic address: mbbrennan@medicine.wisc.edu.
authors.forename: Meghan B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, UWMF Centennial Building, 5th Floor, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States. Electronic address: jbarocas@medicine.wisc.edu.
authors.forename: Joshua A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Barocas
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, UWMF Centennial Building, 5th Floor, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States; Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, WARF Building, Room 601, 610 Walnut Street, Madison, WI 52726, United States; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Ter, Madison, WI 53705, United States. Electronic address: cjc@medicine.wisc.edu.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Crnich
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, UWMF Centennial Building, 5th Floor, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Ter, Madison, WI 53705, United States. Electronic address: tmhess@medicine.wisc.edu.
authors.forename: Timothy M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, UWMF Centennial Building, 5th Floor, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Ter, Madison, WI 53705, United States. Electronic address: Christine.Kolehmainen@va.gov.
authors.forename: Christine J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kolehmainen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, UWMF Centennial Building, 5th Floor, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States. Electronic address: jms@medicine.wisc.edu.
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sosman
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, WARF Building, Room 601, 610 Walnut Street, Madison, WI 52726, United States. Electronic address: aksethi@wisc.edu.
authors.forename: Ajay K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sethi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D058007:Physicians, Primary Care; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Chart review; HIV screening; Medical resident education; Qualitative; Self-audit feedback