title: Comparison of radiographic sagittal spinopelvic alignment between skeletally immature and skeletally mature individuals with Scheuermann's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare radiographic sagittal spinopelvic parameters between skeletally immature and skeletally mature patients with Scheuermann's disease (SD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analysis of standing postero-anterior and lateral radiographs of the spine of patients with SD was performed. Sagittal vertical axis (SVA), thoracic kyphosis (TK), thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK), lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), and sacral slope (SS) were measured on the lateral radiographs. Risser's sign was assessed on the postero-anterior radiographs. All of the parameters measured were compared between skeletally immature (Risser's sign 0-3) versus mature patients (Risser's sign 5). PI, PT, and SS in both groups were compared to PI, PT, and SS reported for normal children, adolescents, and adults.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-six patients with SD (33 immature and 33 mature) were retrospectively reviewed and included in the study. There was no significant difference between the two groups of SD patients in: SVA (-16.6 vs. -22.9 mm, p = 0.74), TK (57.8° vs. 56°, p = 0.66), TLK (7.8° vs. 11.7º, p = 0.14), LL (63.2° vs. 62.2°, p = 0.74), PI (36.7° vs. 39.4°, p = 0.20), PT (3.8° vs. 7.3°, p = 0.10), and SS (32.8° vs. 32.1°, p = 0.75). Both, the immature and mature group of SD patients presented significantly lower PI and SS than normal children, adolescents, and adults, and significantly lower PT than normal adults.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no significant difference in sagittal spinopelvic parameters between skeletally immature and mature subjects with SD. Pelvic incidence in both groups of SD patients was significantly lower than PI in normal children, adolescents, and adults. This challenges the role of PI in predicting desired LL in patients with SD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Pediatric Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education in Warsaw, Konarskiego 13, 05-400, Otwock, Poland, marcintyrak@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tyrakowski
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Janusz
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mardjetko
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kotwicki
authors.forename: Kris
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Siemionow
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008141:Lordosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010384:Pelvic Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D011187:Posture; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012447:Sacrum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D012544:Scheuermann Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D013131:Spine / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult