title: Protective effect of hesperidin in a model of Parkinson's disease induced by 6-hydroxydopamine in aged mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Parkinson's disease (PD) may be caused by the interaction of a number of factors, including genetics, toxins, oxidative stress, mitochondrial abnormalities, and aging. Studies have shown that consumption of an antioxidant-rich diet may reduce the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the flavonoid hesperidin in an animal model of PD induced by 6-hidroxidopamine (6-OHDA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Aged mice were treated with hesperidin (50 mg/kg) during 28 d after an intracerebroventricular injection of 6-OHDA. The enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase, the levels of glutathione, reactive oxygen species, total reactive antioxidant potential, dopamine and its levels of metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid, was analyzed in the striatum. The behavioral parameters (depressive-like, memory, and locomotor) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study demonstrated that hesperidin (50 mg/kg) treatment was effective in preventing memory impairment in the Morris water maze test, as well as, depressive-like behavior in the tail suspension test. Hesperidin attenuated the 6-OHDA-induced reduction in glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity, total reactive antioxidant potential and the dopamine and its metabolite levels in the striatum of aged mice. 6-OHDA increased reactive oxygen species levels and glutathione reductase activity in the striatum, and these alterations were mitigated by chronic administration of hesperidin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated a protective effect of hesperidin on the neurotoxicity induced by 6-OHDA in aged mice, indicating that it could be useful as a therapy for the treatment of PD.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de avaliações farmacológicas e toxicológicas aplicadas às moléculas bioativas-LaftamBio Pampa-Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Michelle S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Antunes
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de avaliações farmacológicas e toxicológicas aplicadas às moléculas bioativas-LaftamBio Pampa-Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: André T R
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Goes
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de avaliações farmacológicas e toxicológicas aplicadas às moléculas bioativas-LaftamBio Pampa-Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Silvana P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Boeira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de avaliações farmacológicas e toxicológicas aplicadas às moléculas bioativas-LaftamBio Pampa-Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prigol
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de avaliações farmacológicas e toxicológicas aplicadas às moléculas bioativas-LaftamBio Pampa-Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: Cristianoricardojesse@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Cristiano R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Jesse
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006569:Hesperidin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019417:Hindlimb Suspension; D006892:Hydroxydopamines; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D018782:Maze Learning; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D006892:Hydroxydopamines; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D006569:Hesperidin; D004298:Dopamine
keywords: Cognitive impairment; Depression; Dopamine; Flavonoid; Neurodegenerative disease; Oxidative stress