title: In utero and postnatal imaging findings of parasitic conjoined twins (ischiopagus parasiticus tetrapus).
abstract: Conjoined twins are a rare developmental anomaly with a reported prevalence of 1.47 per 100,000 births. We present an uncommon case of a parasitic ischiopagus tetrapus with a parasitic ischiopagus partial twin joined to the complete fetus at the level of the ischium diagnosed in utero by fetal MRI. The correct prenatal diagnosis led to birth by caesarean section. Prenatal MRI findings are presented and corroborated by postnatal imaging delineating the full extent and associated anomalies of this rare malformation. Differential diagnosis of duplicated lower extremities is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwisstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland, Nikolai.Stahr@kispi.uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Nikolai
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stahr
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guggenberger
authors.forename: Christian J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kellenberger
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wisser
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Subotic
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D002585:Cesarean Section; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007512:Ischium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D061330:Multidetector Computed Tomography; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D014428:Twins, Conjoined / Q000601:surgery*; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D014566:Urogenital System / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014567:Urography