title: The relationship between prostate cancer and presence of metabolic syndrome and late-onset hypogonadism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between prostate cancer (PCa), presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), and late-onset hypogonadism (LOH).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred seventy patients who underwent transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate needle biopsy were included in this study. For the diagnosis of MetS, American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute criteria were used. For the diagnosis of LOH, Androgen Deficiency in Aging Males questionnaire and serum total and free testosterone levels were used. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to the presence of MetS and LOH: group 1, MetS and LOH; group 2, with MetS but without LOH; group 3, with LOH but without MetS; and group 4, with neither MetS nor LOH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the patients was 63.7 ± 7.2 years. In group 1, 12 patients (37.5%); in group 2, 5 patients (25%); in group 3, 11 patients (26.8%); and in group 4, 14 patients (18.2%) were diagnosed with PCa. Aggressive PCa was determined in 7 patients in group 1 (21.9%), 2 patients in group 2 (10%), 5 patients in group 3 (12.2%), and 5 patients in group 4 (6.5%). There was a statistically significant difference only in between groups 1 and 4 in terms of detection of PCa (37.5% vs 18.2%, P = .031) and aggressive PCa (21.9% vs 6.5%, P = .019).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results highlight the fact that coexistence of MetS and LOH increases the risk of PCa and aggressive PCa.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Urology, Ankara Numune Research and Training Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kayali
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Urology, Ankara Numune Research and Training Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Melih
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balci
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Urology, Ankara Numune Research and Training Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yilmaz
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aslan
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Urology, Ankara Numune Research and Training Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ovunc
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bilgin
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Urology, Ankara Numune Research and Training Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Guzel
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Urology, Ankara Numune Research and Training Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: tuncelaltug@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Altug
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tuncel
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Gazi University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Atan
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D061765:Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone