title: Identification of primary drug resistance to rifampin in Mycobacterium leprae strains from leprosy patients in Amazonas State, Brazil.
abstract: The aim of this study was to identify polymorphisms in the folp1, gyrA, and rpoB genes in leprosy patients treated in Amazonas State, Brazil. Among 197 slit-skin smear samples from untreated or relapsed patients, we found three cases of primary resistance to rifampin and one confirmed case of multidrug resistance.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Amazonas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Matilde Del Carmen
authors.initials: Mdel C
authors.lastname: Contreras Mejía
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Amazonas, Brazil Laboratorio de Micobacteriologia do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia-INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maísa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Porto Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Amazonas, Brazil Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
authors.forename: George Allan
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Villarouco da Silva
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Amazonas, Brazil Universidade Estadual do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: da Motta Passos
authors.affiliation: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Felipe Gomes
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Naveca
authors.affiliation: Fundação Alfredo da Matta, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria da Graça
authors.initials: Mda G
authors.lastname: Souza Cunha
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Milton Ozório
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Amazonas, Brazil Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Regional Catalão, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Catalão, Goiás, Brazil lpaula.bio@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de Paula
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001938:Brazil; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007918:Leprosy / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D009166:Mycobacterium leprae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012293:Rifampin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D012293:Rifampin