title: Comprehensive analysis of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria found on dental bib clips.
abstract: Multiple-use dental bib clips are considered to present relatively low risks for transmitting infections and, thus, are thought to only require disinfection between patient visits. This study was designed to: 1) determine the presence and composition of bacterial contaminants on reusable rubber-faced metal bib clips after dental treatment at the hygiene clinic at Tufts University School of Dental Medicine and 2) evaluate the effectiveness of the disinfection for this clip type. Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial contaminant loads on the surfaces of the clips were investigated immediately after hygiene treatments were rendered and again after clips were disinfected. The species and strains of bacterial isolates were identified using 16S rDNA sequencing and Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray analyses. The results demonstrated that although the use of disinfection proved to be significantly effective, some clips retained at least one bacterium on their surfaces after disinfection. Although the bacterial species present on disinfected clips were typical skin or environmental isolates, some were oral in origin. In the study's settings, bacterial presence on the clips did not indicate an infectious disease problem. The different bacterial loads on clips suggest that cross-contamination risks may not be the same for all clinics, and that this difference may be related to the type of treatments and services performed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Addy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alt-Holland
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Christina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.affiliation: Department of Research Administration, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Claire L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Kublin
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Youjin Natalie
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Mount Ida College for Dental Hygiene, Newton, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: DiMattia
authors.affiliation: Mount Ida College for Dental Hygiene, Newton, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Linh
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.affiliation: Department of Research Administration, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Community Service, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Finkelman
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Affairs, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lombard
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Department of Clinical Affairs, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Hanley
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Bruce J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Paster
authors.affiliation: Department of Research Administration, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kugel
mesh_terms: D001420:Bacteria, Aerobic / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D011481:Protective Clothing