title: Pediatric cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic region in India.
abstract: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in the Bikaner region situated in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan, India. This study describes clinicoepidemiological data of pediatric CL in pre-school children (0-5 years of age) from this region during 2001-2012. In total, 151 patients with 217 lesions were reported during the study period. The mean age of the study group was 3.29 ± 1.43 years (0.25-5 years), with many (41.7%) cases being in the age group of 2-4 years. Face was the most common site involved, and morphologically, the lesions were either plaque type or papulonodular. Smear for parasitologic examination was positive in 84 (70%) of 120 cases, and histopathologic examination confirmed CL in 10 (55.55%) of 18 cases. Parasite species identification conducted for 13 randomly selected patients by polymerase chain reaction identified Leishmania tropica as the causative species. Intralesional sodium stibogluconate was the most commonly used treatment and found to be well-tolerated. Other therapies that were effective included oral rifampicin, oral dapsone, radiofrequency heat therapy (RFHT), and combinations of the three therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India; Department of Molecular Biology, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Saurabh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India; Department of Molecular Biology, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Kanika
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Khandelwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India; Department of Molecular Biology, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Ram A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bumb
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India; Department of Molecular Biology, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oghumu
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India; Department of Molecular Biology, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Poonam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salotra
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India; Department of Molecular Biology, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio abhay.satoskar@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: Abhay R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Satoskar
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000967:Antimony Sodium Gluconate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003622:Dapsone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D061208:Pulsed Radiofrequency Treatment / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012293:Rifampin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D003622:Dapsone; D000967:Antimony Sodium Gluconate; D012293:Rifampin