title: Inhibition of biofilm formation and lipase in Candida albicans by culture filtrate of Staphylococcus epidermidis in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Candida spp. are fourth most common cause of bloodstream infection in developed countries and emerging agents of fungemia in developing countries, with considerable attributable mortality. Candidemia is associated with the formation of complex, structured microbial communities called biofilms. Biofilm formation makes treatment difficult due to improper drug penetration and factors like high cost and adverse effects of antifungal drugs available. Hence, low-cost alternatives are urgently required to treat device-associated invasive candidiasis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of culture filtrate of Staphylococcus epidermidis on biofilm formation and lipase expression of Candida albicans in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Yeast cells isolated from clinical samples were suspended to a turbidity of 10(6) in (a) Yeast extract-peptone-dextrose (YPD) broth and (b) culture filtrate, and 100 μl of each were dispensed in separate wells of microtiter plate. After repeated washing and reloading with respective liquid media, readings were taken spectrophotometrically. To check for lipase inhibition, yeasts were incubated overnight in YPD and filtrate and subcultured on media containing Tween-80 and CaCl2. Positive lipase activity was denoted by haziness around colonies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean reading of C. albicans in YPD broth was 0.579 while the same when yeasts were suspended in S. epidermidis culture filtrate was 0.281 (P < 0.05 by Z-test of significance). Lipase of C. albicans was inhibited by culture filtrate. Filtrate was found to be nontoxic to human cell line.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Culture filtrate of S. epidermidis can hence pave the way for development of new strategies to inhibit biofilm formation in device-associated candidemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, Phulwari Sharif, Patna, Bihar, India.
authors.forename: Sayan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhattacharyya
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, KGMU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Prashant
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, KGMU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Gopa
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, KGMU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Amita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, KGMU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Mastan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh
keywords: Biofilms; Candida spp.; Staphylococcus epidermidis