title: Effects of 12 weeks of treatment with fermented milk on blood pressure, glucose metabolism and markers of cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies have indicated a blood pressure (BP)-lowering effect of milk-derived peptides in non-diabetic individuals, but the cardiometabolic effects of such peptides in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are not known. We investigated the effect of milk fermented with Lactobacillus helveticus on BP, glycaemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in T2D.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomised, double-blinded, prospective, placebo-controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  In one arm of a factorial study design, 41 patients with T2D were randomised to receive 300 ml milk fermented with L. helveticus (Cardi04 yogurt) (n=23) or 300 ml artificially acidified milk (placebo yogurt) (n=18) for 12 weeks. BPs were measured over 24-h, and blood samples were collected in the fasting state and during a meal test before and after the intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cardi04 yogurt did not reduce 24-h, daytime or nighttime systolic or diastolic BPs compared with placebo (P>0.05). Daytime and 24-h heart rate (HR) were significantly reduced in the group treated by Cardi04 yogurt compared with the placebo group (P<0.05 for both). There were no differences in HbA1c, plasma lipids, C-reactive protein, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, tumour necrosis factor alpha, tissue-type plasminogen activator: Ag, and von Willebrand factor: Ag between the groups. The change in fasting blood glucose concentration differed significantly between the two groups with a larger increase in the placebo group (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ingestion of milk fermented with L. helveticus compared with placebo for 12 weeks did not significantly reduce BP in patients with T2D. Our finding of lower HRs and fasting plasma glucose levels in T2D patients during ingestion of fermented milk needs further validation.
authors.affiliation: Steno Diabetes Center A/SNiels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, DenmarkHealthUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, DenmarkNNF Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchDepartment of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark karinhove@dadlnet.dk.
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Hove
authors.affiliation: Steno Diabetes Center A/SNiels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, DenmarkHealthUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, DenmarkNNF Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchDepartment of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Steno Diabetes Center A/SNiels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, DenmarkHealthUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, DenmarkNNF Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchDepartment of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brøns
authors.affiliation: Steno Diabetes Center A/SNiels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, DenmarkHealthUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, DenmarkNNF Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchDepartment of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Færch
authors.affiliation: Steno Diabetes Center A/SNiels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, DenmarkHealthUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, DenmarkNNF Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchDepartment of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.affiliation: Steno Diabetes Center A/SNiels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, DenmarkHealthUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, DenmarkNNF Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchDepartment of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Steno Diabetes Center A/SNiels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, DenmarkHealthUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, DenmarkNNF Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchDepartment of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Steno Diabetes Center A/SNiels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, DenmarkHealthUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, DenmarkNNF Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchDepartment of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rossing
authors.affiliation: Steno Diabetes Center A/SNiels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, DenmarkHealthUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, DenmarkNNF Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchDepartment of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Steno Diabetes Center A/SNiels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, DenmarkHealthUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, DenmarkNNF Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchDepartment of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vaag
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy; D043302:Cultured Milk Products; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose