title: PhosphoPICK: modelling cellular context to map kinase-substrate phosphorylation events.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The determinants of kinase-substrate phosphorylation can be found both in the substrate sequence and the surrounding cellular context. Cell cycle progression, interactions with mediating proteins and even prior phosphorylation events are necessary for kinases to maintain substrate specificity. While much work has focussed on the use of sequence-based methods to predict phosphorylation sites, there has been very little work invested into the application of systems biology to understand phosphorylation. Lack of specificity in many kinase substrate binding motifs means that sequence methods for predicting kinase binding sites are susceptible to high false-positive rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We present here a model that takes into account protein-protein interaction information, and protein abundance data across the cell cycle to predict kinase substrates for 59 human kinases that are representative of important biological pathways. The model shows high accuracy for substrate prediction (with an average AUC of 0.86) across the 59 kinases tested. When using the model to complement sequence-based kinase-specific phosphorylation site prediction, we found that the additional information increased prediction performance for most comparisons made, particularly on kinases from the CMGC family. We then used our model to identify functional overlaps between predicted CDK2 substrates and targets from the E2F family of transcription factors. Our results demonstrate that a model harnessing context data can account for the short-falls in sequence information and provide a robust description of the cellular events that regulate protein phosphorylation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The method is freely available online as a web server at the website http://bioinf.scmb.uq.edu.au/phosphopick.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  m.boden@uq.edu.au
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Queensland Facility for Advanced Bioinformatics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, St Lucia 4102, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Patrick
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Queensland Facility for Advanced Bioinformatics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, St Lucia 4102, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Queensland Facility for Advanced Bioinformatics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, St Lucia 4102, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Queensland Facility for Advanced Bioinformatics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, St Lucia 4102, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Kim-Anh
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lê Cao
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Queensland Facility for Advanced Bioinformatics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, St Lucia 4102, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Queensland Facility for Advanced Bioinformatics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, St Lucia 4102, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Queensland Facility for Advanced Bioinformatics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, St Lucia 4102, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Bostjan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kobe
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Queensland Facility for Advanced Bioinformatics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, St Lucia 4102, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Queensland Facility for Advanced Bioinformatics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, St Lucia 4102, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bodén
mesh_terms: D001499:Bayes Theorem; D001665:Binding Sites; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D030562:Databases, Protein; D006801:Humans; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011485:Protein Binding; D025941:Protein Interaction Mapping; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014584:User-Computer Interface
chemical_list: D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011494:Protein Kinases; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases