title: Nano graphene oxide: a novel carrier for oral delivery of flavonoids.
abstract: The interesting physical and chemical properties of graphene oxide (GO) have led to much excitement among biomedical scientists in recent years. It is known that many potent, often aromatic medicines are water insoluble, and this has hindered their administration to treat diseases. Nano GO was synthesized and investigated for its biological application as a carrier for quercetin, a focused bioactive flavonoid widely used as a health supplement and a drug candidate. Different techniques were used to fully evaluate the synthesis, cytotoxicity, and quercetin loading capacity of nano GO. AFM and TEM results confirmed the preparation of planar nanoparticles without aggregation which was verified by reported size results (30 nm) obtained with a particle size analyzer. FTIR and DSC results proved the drug-carrier interaction. In vitro cytotoxicity assays showed that nano GO had no cytotoxicity on A549 cells in different amounts after incubation for 72 h, confirming its suitability as a drug carrier. Our results showed that nano GO can be proposed as a new carrier due to its small size, large specific surface area, low cost, and useful non-covalent interactions with aromatic low-soluble flavonoids such as quercetin. Moreover, it may find widespread applications in biomedicine.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Research Laboratory of Polymer, Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Nazanin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rahmanian
authors.affiliation: Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: hamishehkarh@tbzmed.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Hamed
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hamishehkar
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Jafar Ezzati Nazhad
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Dolatabadi
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory of Polymer, Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: arsalani@tabrizu.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Nasser
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arsalani
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006108:Graphite / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010087:Oxides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D011794:Quercetin / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D005419:Flavonoids; D010087:Oxides; D006108:Graphite; D011794:Quercetin
keywords: Cytotoxicity; Drug delivery; Graphene oxide; Nanoparticle; Quercetin