title: Using VARK Approach for Assessing Preferred Learning Styles of First Year Medical Sciences Students: A Survey from Iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Preferred learning styles of learners are different, which depend on tastes, mentality preparedness, as well as physical condition, in terms of sensory modalities. Identifying and employing appropriate learning styles could play an important role in selecting teaching styles, which can improve education ultimately.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to assess the diversity of learning styles amongst medical students of a medical sciences university which was located west of Iran, in 2010.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study which employed VARK learning style's questionnaire was done on 141 first year medical sciences students at Ilam University of Medical Sciences in 2010. Data was collected with use of VARK questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed on basis of experts' views and its reliability was calculated by using Cronbach's alpha coefficients (α=0.86). Data were analysed by using SPSS software and Chi-square test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 41.6% of the samples preferred to use a single learning style (Uni-modal). Of these, 17.7% preferred the Aural style, 17% preferred Reading and Writing, 6.4% preferred Kinesthetic style and 0.7% preferred Visual styles. Among the rest of the 82 students who preferred more than one style (multimodal), 17% chose two modes (bimodal), 13.5% chose three modes (tri-modal), and 27.6% chose four modes (quad-modal). There was a significant difference between educational levels and majors on one hand and choice of quad modal of VARK styles on the other hand (p=0.008). A significant association was also found between participants' genders and selection of visual and reading/writing styles (p=0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The preferred learning styles of medical students in the present study were aural and reading/writing. It is suggested that all medical students must be tested to determine their desired learning styles by using VARK questionnaire, also to choose appropriate teaching methods and to improve educational goals.
authors.affiliation: Student, Research Center for Prevention of Psychosocial Injuries and Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences , Ilam-Iran .
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peyman
authors.affiliation: Phd Fellow in Microbiology, School of Management and Medical Information, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran .
authors.forename: Jamil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sadeghifar
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, Ilam University of Medical Sciences , Ilam, Iran .
authors.forename: Javaher
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Khajavikhan
authors.affiliation: General Practitioner (Phsycian), Medical Educational Development Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences , Ilam, Iran .
authors.forename: Masood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasemi
authors.affiliation: Medical Student, Medical Educational Development Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences , Ilam, Iran .
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rasool
authors.affiliation: General Practitioner (Phsycian), Medical Educational Development Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences , Ilam, Iran .
authors.forename: Yasemi Monireh
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Yaghoubi
authors.affiliation: Student, Medical Educational Development Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences , Ilam, Iran .
authors.forename: Monireh Mohammad Hassan
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Nahal
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, Ilam University of Medical Sciences , Ilam, Iran .
authors.forename: Hemati
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karim
keywords: Aural; Kinesthetic; Quad modal