title: Glucose metabolism gene expression patterns and tumor uptake of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose after radiation treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether radiation treatment influences the expression of glucose metabolism genes and compromises the potential use of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) as a tool to monitor the early response of head and neck cancer xenografts to radiation therapy (RT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Low passage head and neck squamous cancer cells (UT14) were injected to the flanks of female nu/nu mice to generate xenografts. After tumors reached a size of 500 mm(3) they were treated with either sham RT or 15 Gy in 1 fraction. At different time points, days 3, 9, and 16 for controls and days 4, 7, 12, 21, 30, and 40 after irradiation, 2 to 3 mice were assessed with dynamic FDG-PET acquisition over 2 hours. Immediately after the FDG-PET the tumors were harvested for global gene expression analysis and immunohistochemical evaluation of GLUT1 and HK2. Different analytic parameters were used to process the dynamic PET data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Radiation had no effect on key genes involved in FDG uptake and metabolism but did alter other genes in the HIF1α and glucose transport-related pathways. In contrast to the lack of effect on gene expression, changes in the protein expression patterns of the key genes GLUT1/SLC2A1 and HK2 were observed after radiation treatment. The changes in GLUT1 protein expression showed some correlation with dynamic FDG-PET parameters, such as the kinetic index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography changes after RT would seem to represent an altered metabolic state and not a direct effect on the key genes regulating FDG uptake and metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan; Beaumont BioBank, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan. Electronic address: george.wilson@beaumont.edu.
authors.forename: George D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Beaumont BioBank, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan.
authors.forename: Bryan J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Thibodeau
authors.affiliation: Beaumont BioBank, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan.
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Fortier
authors.affiliation: Beaumont BioBank, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan.
authors.forename: Barbara L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Pruetz
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galoforo
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan.
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Baschnagel
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chunta
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Molecular Imaging Medicine, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan.
authors.forename: Ching Yee
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Oliver Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Marples
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan; Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: Jiayi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D064593:Heterografts; D006593:Hexokinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008819:Mice, Nude; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011897:Random Allocation; D047368:Tumor Burden
chemical_list: D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006593:Hexokinase; D005947:Glucose