title: Neurobiology of dyslexia.
abstract: Dyslexia is one of the most common learning disabilities, yet its brain basis and core causes are not yet fully understood. Neuroimaging methods, including structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and electrophysiology, have significantly contributed to knowledge about the neurobiology of dyslexia. Recent studies have discovered brain differences before formal instruction that likely encourage or discourage learning to read effectively, distinguished between brain differences that likely reflect the etiology of dyslexia versus brain differences that are the consequences of variation in reading experience, and identified distinct neural networks associated with specific psychological factors that are associated with dyslexia.
authors.affiliation: McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States. Electronic address: esn@mit.edu.
authors.forename: Elizabeth S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.affiliation: McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
authors.forename: Sara D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Beach
authors.affiliation: McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
authors.forename: John D E
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Gabrieli
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D009446:Neurobiology; D059906:Neuroimaging