title: Santa Clara de Nanay: the MAL-ED cohort in Peru.
abstract: The Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) cohort study communities in Peru are located in Loreto province, in a rural area 15 km from the city of Iquitos. This riverine population of approximately 5000 individuals is fairly representative of Loreto. The province lags behind the rest of the country in access to water and sanitation, per capita income, and key health indicators including infant mortality (43.0 vs 16.0 per 1000 nationwide) and under-5 mortality (60.6 vs 21.0 per 1000). Total fertility rates are higher than elsewhere in the country (4.3 vs 2.6). Nationwide, the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus is estimated at 0.45%, the prevalence of tuberculosis is 117 per 100 000, and the incidence of malaria is 258 per 100 000. Stunting in this community is high, whereas acute undernutrition is relatively uncommon. The population suffers from high rates of diarrheal disease. Prevalent enteric pathogens include Ascaris, Giardia, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Shigella, and Campylobacter.
authors.affiliation: Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Unidad de Investigaciones Biomédicas.
authors.forename: Pablo Peñataro
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Yori
authors.affiliation: Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Gwenyth
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Unidad de Investigaciones Biomédicas.
authors.forename: Maribel Paredes
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Olórtegui
authors.affiliation: Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Unidad de Investigaciones Biomédicas.
authors.forename: César Banda
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Chávez
authors.affiliation: Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Unidad de Investigaciones Biomédicas.
authors.forename: Julian Torres
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.affiliation: Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Unidad de Investigaciones Biomédicas.
authors.forename: Angel Orbe
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Vasquez
authors.affiliation: US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burga
authors.affiliation: Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Unidad de Investigaciones Biomédicas.
authors.forename: Silvia Rengifo
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Pinedo
authors.affiliation: Universidad Cientifica del Peru, Iquitos, Perú
authors.forename: César Ramal
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Asayag
authors.affiliation: Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Black
authors.affiliation: Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Caulfield
authors.affiliation: Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Unidad de Investigaciones Biomédicas.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kosek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D015362:Child Nutrition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D015340:Epidemiologic Research Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010568:Peru / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: MAL-ED; Peru; birth cohort; malnutrition