title: Novel approaches for quantifying protein biomarkers in gliomas: benefits and pitfalls.
abstract: The therapeutic paradigm of gliomas is changing from a general approach towards an individualized and targeted approach. Accordingly, the search for prognostic and predictive biomarkers, as well as the demand for quantitative, feasible and robust methods for biomarker analysis increases. We find that software classifiers can identify and quantify the expression of a given biomarker within different subcellular compartments and that such classifiers can exclude frequently occurring nontumor cells, thereby avoiding potential bias. The use of a quantitative approach provides a continuous measurement of the expression, allowing establishment of new cut-points and identification of patients with specific prognoses. However, some pitfalls must be noted. This article focuses on benefits and pitfalls of novel approaches for quantifying protein biomarkers in gliomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Rikke H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Dahlrot
authors.forename: Mia D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.forename: Ann Mari
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Rosager
authors.forename: Sofie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hellwege
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bangsø
authors.forename: Tine
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Stine A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Petterson
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klitkou
authors.forename: Sigurd
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fosmark
authors.forename: Steinbjørn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Bjarne W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Kristensen
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D045647:DNA Glycosylases / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D051274:Glucose Transporter Type 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D051274:Glucose Transporter Type 3; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D045647:DNA Glycosylases; C076131:DNA-3-methyladenine glycosidase II
keywords: biomarker; classifier; digital pathology; glioblastoma; glioma; quantification; sampling; slide scanning