title: Advances in diagnosis and treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer.
abstract: The incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is rising. Research in the field of these tumors is aimed toward developing earlier and less invasive diagnostic methods and more effective, more accessible therapeutic options. Although there is much advancement in the diagnosis and treatment of NMSC, there are few literatures cataloging these developments. The aim of this review was to present the sensitivity and specificity of new imaging modalities, the dosing regimen and clearance rates of topical treatments, newer systemic treatment modalities, and discuss developments in the use of radiation as a mode of therapy. Recent developments in the diagnosis of NMSC include imaging modalities such as reflectance confocal microscopy, elastic scattering spectroscopy, and spectrophotometric intracutaneous analysis. Recent advances in the treatment of these tumors include systemic therapies such as epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, and topical immunomodulating drugs such as imiquimod. The progress in the diagnosis and treatment of these tumors is a gradual but fruitful growth. Scientists and clinicians alike must continue their exploration and study to address these tumors and, hopefully in the future, prevent their occurrence.
authors.affiliation: From the Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH.
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gastman
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D015266:Carcinoma, Merkel Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D059248:Chemoradiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D055623:Keratosis, Actinic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013057:Spectrum Analysis
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents