title: Dual stimulus-dependent effect of Oenothera paradoxa extract on the respiratory burst in human leukocytes: suppressing for Escherichia coli and phorbol myristate acetate and stimulating for formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine.
abstract: Although a growing body of evidence suggests that plant polyphenols can modulate human immune responses, their simultaneous action on monocyte and neutrophil oxidative burst is currently poorly understood. Based on the hypothesis that various polyphenols contained in plant extracts might affect the oxidative burst of phagocytes, we evaluated the effects of ethanolic O. paradoxa extract polyphenols on monocyte and neutrophil oxidative burst in vitro activated by different stimuli, including opsonized bacteria E. coli, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). Samples were analyzed by the dihydrorhodamine flow cytometry assay. Our results showed that the extract repressed significantly and dose-dependently reactive oxygen species production in both cell types stimulated with E. coli and PMA (P < 0.05) and its inhibitory efficiency was stimulus- and cell-type-dependent. Interestingly, there was significant stimulatory effect of the extract on bursting phagocytes induced by fMLP (P < 0.05). Additionally, several flavonoids and phenolic compounds as well as penta-galloyl-β-(D)-glucose (PGG), the representative of hydrolyzable tannins, were identified in the 60% extract by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to electrospray ionization in negative ion mode. In summary, the ethanolic O. paradoxa extract, rich in flavonoids and phenolic compounds, exhibits dual stimulus-dependent effect on the respiratory burst in human leukocytes; hence, it might affect immune responses in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural Biology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Education, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Izabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Burzynska-Pedziwiatr
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural Biology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Education, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bukowiecka-Matusiak
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural Biology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Education, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Marzena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wojcik
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, 90-710 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Waldemar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Machala
authors.affiliation: Department of Quality Control and Radiological Protection, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bienkiewicz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spolnik
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Witold
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Danikiewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural Biology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Education, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Lucyna Alicja
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Wozniak
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D031664:Oenothera / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000187:drug effects*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; C042205:methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate