title: Assessment of estrogen disrupting potency in animal foodstuffs of China by combined biological and chemical analyses.
abstract: Food has been documented as one of major routes for human exposure to environmental estrogens (EEs), but information on the occurrence of EEs in animal foodstuffs is still scarce. This study analyzed estrogenic activity in 16 types of animal foodstuffs (n=142) collected from four cities (Wuhan, Guangzhou, Wenzhou and Yantai) of China by combined yeast estrogen screen (YES) bioassay and chemical analysis. By bioassay, all samples' extracts were found to induce estrogenic activities and the bioassay-derived 17β-estradiol equivalent (EEQbio) ranged from 8.29 to 118.32ng/g. In addition, the samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry for further chemical analysis. 17β-Estradiol was found in all samples in this survey at levels of 0.44 to 15.04ng/g. All samples had 33.1% detection rate of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), and the maximum concentration was 2.80ng/g. Bisphenol A and 4-nonylphenols were detected in 83.8% and 83.1% of samples, with concentrations up to 12.56ng/g and 35.76ng/g, respectively. However, the concentrations of estrone, diethylstilbestrol and 4-t-octylphenol were found to be below the limit of detection. A comparison of EEQbio measured from the YES assay and EEQchem calculated from chemical analysis showed good correlation (R(2)=0.84). Based on the results, the YES assay can be used as a rapid pre-screening method for monitoring the levels of estrogenic activity in large numbers of animal foodstuffs, and chemical analysis used in combination can be used for the identification of specific EEs.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; The Clinical Laboratory Department of Jiaozhou Central Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao 266300, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. Electronic address: xiawei@hust.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Wuhan City Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan 430015, China.
authors.forename: Yonghua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Chenjiang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The Clinical Laboratory Department of Jiaozhou Central Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao 266300, China.
authors.forename: Congda
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: The Clinical Laboratory Department of Jiaozhou Central Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao 266300, China.
authors.forename: Xiumin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. Electronic address: lwangtj@163.com.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. Electronic address: xust@hust.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shunqing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D001681:Biological Assay; D002681:China; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000737:chemistry*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004967:Estrogens
keywords: Animal foodstuffs; Environmental estrogen; LC–MS/MS; Yeast estrogen screen