title: Cannabidiol and endogenous opioid peptide-mediated mechanisms modulate antinociception induced by transcutaneous electrostimulation of the peripheral nervous system.
abstract: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a non-pharmacological therapy for the treatment of pain. The present work investigated the effect of cannabidiol, naloxone and diazepam in combination with 10 Hz and 150 Hz TENS. Male Wistar rats were submitted to the tail-flick test (baseline), and each rodent received an acute administration (intraperitoneal) of naloxone (3.0mg/kg), diazepam (1.5mg/kg) or cannabidiol (0.75 mg/kg, 1.5mg/kg, 3.0mg/kg, 4.5mg/kg, 6.0mg/kg and 12.0mg/kg); 10 min after the acute administration, 10 Hz or 150 Hz TENS or a sham procedure was performed for 30 min. Subsequently, tail-flick measures were recorded over a 90-min period, at 5-min intervals. 10 Hz TENS increased the nociceptive threshold during the 90-min period. This antinociceptive effect was reversed by naloxone pre-treatment, was not altered by diazepam pre-treatment and was abolished by cannabidiol pre-treatment (1.5mg/kg). Moreover, 150 Hz TENS increased tail-flick latencies by 35 min post-treatment, which was partially inhibited by naloxone pre-treatment and totally inhibited by cannabidiol (1.5mg/kg). These data suggest the involvement of the endogenous opioid system and the cannabinoid-mediated neuromodulation of the antinociception induced by transcutaneous electrostimulation at 10 Hz and 150 Hz TENS.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Medicine, Medical School of Patos de Minas Centre Universitarius (UNIPAM), Street Major Gote, 808, Patos de Minas, MG 38702-054, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thais Cristina Teixeira
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Medicine, Medical School of Patos de Minas Centre Universitarius (UNIPAM), Street Major Gote, 808, Patos de Minas, MG 38702-054, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anna Karla
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Londe
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael Isaac Pires
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Albano
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Signaling and Cell Plasticity, Department of Biotechnology, Biotechnological School of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Bento Gonçalves, RS 91501-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Artur Teixeira
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: de Araújo Júnior
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Aguiar Azeredo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Audrey Francisco
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Biagioni
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Medical School of Patos de Minas Centre Universitarius (UNIPAM), Street Major Gote, 808, Patos de Minas, MG 38702-054, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago Henrique Ferreira
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Vasconcellos
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Biological and Health Sciences of Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Motorway MGT 367, 5000, Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Célio Marcos
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Dos Reis Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Human Anatomy, Medical School of Patos de Minas Centre Universitarius (UNIPAM), Street Major Gote, 808, Patos de Minas, MG 38702-054, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dulcinéa Gonçalves
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience and Behavioural Sciences, Division of Psychiatry, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Alexandre
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: de Souza Crippa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Medicine, Medical School of Patos de Minas Centre Universitarius (UNIPAM), Street Major Gote, 808, Patos de Minas, MG 38702-054, Brazil. Electronic address: deboravieira@unipam.edu.br.
authors.forename: Débora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil. Electronic address: nccoimbr@fmrp.usp.br.
authors.forename: Norberto Cysne
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Coimbra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002185:Cannabidiol / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003975:Diazepam / Q000494:pharmacology; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D059226:Nociceptive Pain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*; D018847:Opioid Peptides / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017933:Peripheral Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D018847:Opioid Peptides; D002185:Cannabidiol; D009270:Naloxone; D003975:Diazepam
keywords: Cannabidiol; Endogenous opioid peptides; GABA(A) receptor; Pain; Peripheral nervous system; Transcutaneous electrical stimulation