title: Utilization patterns for oral oncology medications in a specialty pharmacy cycle management program.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The cycle management program (CMP) was implemented in 2008 at a national specialty pharmacy with a focus on providing specialized counseling and monitoring for patients on select oral oncology medications. The program now includes nine medications: bexarotene, dasatinib, erlotinib, everolimus, nilotinib, pazopanib, sorafenib, sunitinib, and vorinostat. Patients receive frequent assessments to encourage adherence, identify adverse events, and track discontinuations through a pharmacist outreach at the initiation of therapy, day 10 and 20 of the first month, then monthly thereafter. The use of oral agents is increasing in cancer patients, shifting away from regimens exclusively involving intravenous chemotherapy. This offers advantages for patients in terms of convenience, but introduces risk as patients become more responsible for the administration and monitoring of the medications.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate utilization patterns of the oral oncology medications in the CMP including adverse event occurrence, medication discontinuations, and adherence markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is a retrospective review of patient-reported data from the CMP assessments completed in 2013. Data collected include adverse events and grades, adherence markers, and discontinuation rates. A total of 1163 assessments were reviewed from 557 patients. The assessments included in the analysis were the initial assessment, 10-day assessment, 20-day assessment, and the first monthly follow-up assessment, which encompasses the first two months of therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1453 adverse events were reported. Adverse events were cited as the reason for 39% of discontinuations and 28% of missed/held doses. A total of 101 discontinuations were reported across the nine CMP medications based on the first two months of data. Missed or held doses were reported in 130 assessments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patient engagement and pharmacist interventions, through programs such as the CMP, are important to help patients manage these complex, high-risk medications.
authors.affiliation: Walgreens Specialty Pharmacy, Carnegie, PA, USA sarah.deutsch@walgreens.com.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deutsch
authors.affiliation: Duquesne University Mylan School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koerner
authors.affiliation: Walgreens Specialty Pharmacy, Carnegie, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Richard T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Walgreens Specialty Pharmacy, Carnegie, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Zoie
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Craft
authors.affiliation: Duquesne University Mylan School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fancher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010593:Pharmaceutical Services; D010595:Pharmacists; D010604:Pharmacy / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents
keywords: Oral oncology; adherence; adverse events; cycle management; oral chemotherapy