title: Nanoceria based electrochemical sensor for hydrogen peroxide detection.
abstract: Oxidative stress is a condition when the concentration of free radicals and reactive molecular species rise above certain level in living systems. This condition not only perturbs the normal physiology of the system but also has been implicated in many diseases in humans and other animals. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is known to be involved in induction of oxidative stress and has also been linked to a variety of ailments such as inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and cancer in humans. It is one of the more stable reactive molecular species present in living systems. Because of its stability and links with various diseases, sensing the level of H2O2 can be of great help in diagnosing these diseases, thereby easing disease management and amelioration. Nanoceria is a potent candidate in free radical scavenging as well as sensing because of its unique redox properties. These properties have been exploited, in the reported work, to sense and quantify peroxide levels. Nanoceria has been synthesized using different capping agents: Hexamethylene-tetra-amine (HMTA) and fructose. CeO2-HMTA show rhombohedral and cubic 6.4 nm particles whereas CeO2-fructose are found to be spherical with average particle diameter size 5.8 nm. CeO2-HMTA, due to the better exposure of the active (200) and (220) planes relative to (111) plane, exhibits superior electrocatalytic activity toward H2O2 reduction. Amperometric responses were measured by increasing H2O2 concentration. The authors observed a sensitivity of 21.13 and 9.6 μA cm(-2) mM(-1) for CeO2-HMTA and CeO2-fructose, respectively. The response time of 4.8 and 6.5 s was observed for CeO2-HMTA and CeO2-fructose, respectively. The limit of detection is as low as 0.6 and 2.0 μM at S/N ratio 3 for CeO2-HMTA and CeO2-fructose, respectively. Ceria-HMTA was further tested for its antioxidant activity in an animal cell line in vitro and the results confirmed its activity.
authors.affiliation: Electrochemical Materials Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
authors.forename: Sanjeev Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ujjain
authors.affiliation: Bio-electricity, Green Energy, Physiology and Sensor Group, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India.
authors.forename: Anubhav
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Bio-electricity, Green Energy, Physiology and Sensor Group, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India.
authors.forename: Gaurav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Electrochemical Materials Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
authors.forename: Preety
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ahuja
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India.
authors.forename: Manas
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defense Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defense Research Development Organization, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India.
authors.forename: Aditya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arya
authors.affiliation: Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defense Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defense Research Development Organization, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India.
authors.forename: Kalpana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bhargava
authors.affiliation: Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defense Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defense Research Development Organization, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India.
authors.forename: Niroj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sethy
authors.affiliation: Functional Materials Group, Solid State Physics Laboratory, Defense Research Development Organization, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India.
authors.forename: Sushil Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Electrochemical Materials Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
authors.forename: Raj Kishore
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Bio-electricity, Green Energy, Physiology and Sensor Group, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India and Design Program, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India.
authors.forename: Mainak
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Das
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry; D002563:Cerium / Q000737:chemistry*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000032:analysis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D002563:Cerium; C030583:ceric oxide; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide