title: Proteomic profile of Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos snails upon infection with the carcinogenic liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini.
abstract: The snail Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos acts as the first intermediate host for the human liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini, the major cause of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in Northeast Thailand. The undisputed link between CCA and O. viverrini infection has precipitated efforts to understand the molecular basis of host-parasite interactions with a view to ultimately developing new control strategies to combat this carcinogenic infection. To date most effort has focused on the interactions between the parasite and its human host, and little is known about the molecular relationships between the liver fluke and its snail intermediate host. In the present study we analyse the protein expression changes in different tissues of B. siamensis goniomphalos induced by infection with larval O. viverrini using iTRAQ labelling technology. We show that O. viverrini infection downregulates the expression of oxidoreductases and catalytic enzymes, while stress-related and motor proteins are upregulated. The present work could serve as a basis for future studies on the proteins implicated in the susceptibility/resistance of B. siamensis goniomphalos to O. viverrini, as well as studies on other pulmonate snail intermediate hosts of various parasitic flukes that infect humans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the importance and high prevalence of opisthorchiasis in some regions of Southeast Asia and the direct relationship between infection by Opisthorchis viverrini and the incidence of cholangiocarcinoma, little is known of the modifications induced by this parasite in its snail intermediate hosts. This time-course study provides the first in-depth quantitative proteomic analysis of experimentally infected Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos. We show how motor and stress-related proteins are upregulated in infected snails, while O. viverrini infection downregulates the expression of oxidoreductases and catalytic enzymes. This work serves as a basis for the development of new strategies, focused on the invertebrate intermediate hosts, to control parasite transmission.
authors.affiliation: Food-borne Parasite Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia; Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sattrachai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prasopdee
authors.affiliation: Food-borne Parasite Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. Electronic address: smarn_te@kku.ac.th.
authors.forename: Smarn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tesana
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cantacessi
authors.affiliation: Food-borne Parasite Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Thewarach
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Laha
authors.affiliation: QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mulvenna
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
authors.forename: Rudi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grams
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loukas
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia. Electronic address: javier.sotillo@jcu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sotillo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D009891:Opisthorchis / Q000502:physiology*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics; D012908:Snails / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology*
chemical_list: D020543:Proteome
keywords: Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos; Cholangiocarcinoma; Intermediate host; Opisthorchis; Snail-borne trematodes; iTRAQ