title: Preparation of highly purified pinolenic acid from pine nut oil using a combination of enzymatic esterification and urea complexation.
abstract: Pinolenic acid (PLA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid of plant origin. PLA has been successfully enriched according to a two-step process involving lipase-catalysed esterification and urea complexation. For the first step, the fatty acids present in pine nut oil were selectively esterified with lauryl alcohol using Candida rugosa lipase. Under the optimum conditions of 0.1% enzyme loading, 10% additional water, and 15 °C, PLA was enriched up to 43 mol% from an initial value of 13 mol% in the pine nut oil. For the second step, the PLA-enriched fraction from the first step was subjected to a urea complexation process. In this way, PLA enrichments with purities greater than 95 mol% were obtained at urea to fatty acid ratios greater than 3:1 (wt/wt), and 100% pure PLA was produced at a urea to fatty acid ratio of 5:1 with an 8.7 mol% yield.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul 136-703, Republic of Korea; BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 136-703, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Da Som
authors.initials: da S
authors.lastname: No
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul 136-703, Republic of Korea; BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 136-703, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ting Ting
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yangha
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Gyeounggi-do, Suwon 441-857, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Ra
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Gyeounggi-do, Suwon 441-857, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeom-Sig
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul 136-703, Republic of Korea; BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 136-703, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: k610in@korea.ac.kr.
authors.forename: In-Hwan
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D004951:Esterification; D008042:Linolenic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008049:Lipase / Q000378:metabolism; D009754:Nuts / Q000737:chemistry*; D028223:Pinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D010938:Plant Oils; D014508:Urea
chemical_list: D008042:Linolenic Acids; D010938:Plant Oils; C034302:5,9,12-octadecatrienoic acid; D014508:Urea; D008049:Lipase
keywords: Candida rugosa lipase; Lipase-catalysed esterification; Pine nut oil; Pinolenic acid; Urea complexation