title: Tissue depletion of quinocetone and its five major metabolites in pigs, broilers, and carp fed quinocetone premix.
abstract: A residue depletion study was performed to investigate the tissue kinetics of quinocetone (1) and its major metabolites. Quinocetone and its major metabolites were simultaneously quantitated with a high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) method. A total of 25 pigs, 30 broilers, and 50 carp were fed 100 mg/kg quinocetone for 90, 42, and 60 days, respectively. Liver, kidney, muscle, and fat (skin) tissues were collected at five different withdrawal times for analysis. Results revealed that quinocetone, 1-desoxyquinocetone (2), carbonyl-reduced 4-desoxyquinocetone (4), 3-methylquinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid (5), and carbonyl-reduced dideoxyquinocetone (6) could be depleted quickly in tissues; by contrast, dideoxyquinocetone, 3, persisted for a long time in the liver. Therefore, the liver is possibly the target tissue of quinocetone, and 3 is the residual marker; the recommended withdrawal times (WDTs) are 0 days in pigs and carp and 3 days in broilers. These results provided clear monitoring tools and technical standards to evaluate the food safety of quinocetone.
authors.affiliation: National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues and ‡MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lingli
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yuanhu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ijaz
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Yanfei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Zhenli
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zonghui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002347:Carps / Q000378:metabolism*; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism*; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D059022:Food Safety; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine / Q000378:metabolism*; D019155:Veterinary Drugs / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D011810:Quinoxalines; D019155:Veterinary Drugs; C502851:quinocetone
keywords: HPLC; estimates of dietary intake; metabolites; quinocetone; tissue depletion; withdrawal time