title: In vitro characterization of polyesters of aconitic acid, glycerol, and cinnamic acid for bone tissue engineering.
abstract: In this study, a novel class of polyesters of glycerol, aconitic acid, and cinnamic acid were synthesized along with their hydroxyapatite (HA) composites, and studied for their potential application in bone defect repair. An osteogenic study was conducted with human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) to determine the osteoinductive ability of aconitic acid-glycerol (AG) polyesters, AG:HA (80:20), aconitic acid-glycerol-cinnamic acid (AGC) polyesters, and AGC:HA (80:20) to serve as bone scaffolds. The results indicate that AGC scaffolds have the highest mechanical strength in comparison to AG, AG:HA (80:20), and AGC:HA (80:20) scaffolds due to its low porosity. It was determined by cytotoxicity and osteogenesis experiments that hASCs cultured for 21 days on AG:HA (80:20) scaffolds in stromal medium exhibited a greater number of live cells than control PCL:HA composites. Moreover, hASCs cultured on foamed AG:HA (80:20) scaffolds resulted in the highest levels of mineralization, increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression, and the greatest osteocalcin (OCN) expression after 21 days. Overall, AG:HA (100:0 and 80:20) scaffolds had higher mechanical strength and cytocompatibility than the PCL:HA control. In vitro osteogenic study demonstrated that AG:HA (100:0 and 80:20) synthesized using sugarcane industry by-products hold potential as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications.
authors.affiliation: Audubon Sugar Institute, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, St. Gabriel, LA, USA Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University and Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Akanksha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kanitkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University and Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Cong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University and Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Mollie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smoak
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University and Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hogan
authors.affiliation: Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Scherr
authors.affiliation: Audubon Sugar Institute, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, St. Gabriel, LA, USA GAita@agcenter.lsu.edu.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aita
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University and Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hayes
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic; D002470:Cell Survival; D003470:Culture Media; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D016348:Osseointegration; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003470:Culture Media; D011091:Polyesters; D015675:Osteocalcin; D004247:DNA; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: Polyesters; aconitic acid; bone scaffolds; mineralization; stem cells