title: Identification of Triclosan-O-Sulfate and other transformation products of Triclosan formed by activated sludge.
abstract: Aerobic degradation experiments of Triclosan were performed in activated sludge to identify possible transformation products for this compound. During 7 days, the formation of biotransformation products such as 2,4-Dichlorophenol, 4-Chlorocatechol, 5-Hydroxy-Triclosan and other Monohydroxy-Triclosan derivatives as well as Dihydroxy-Triclosan-derivatives were observed. The structure of 5-Hydroxy-Triclosan was elucidated by NMR data for the first time in sludge degradation experiments. Additionally the production of a hitherto unknown transformation product in sludge, i.e., Triclosan-O-Sulfate was detected. During the incubations, the concentrations of this transformation product changed from zero to 330 μg L(-1). Based on the analysis of the biodegradation products, three types of reactions were identified: 1) chemical scission of ether bond to form phenols and catechols, 2) addition of OH moieties to the aromatic ring, and 3) adding of methyl or sulfate groups to the original hydroxyl group.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, 110016 Shenyang, China; Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Sohngaardsholmsvej 49, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgsvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
authors.forename: Xijuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgsvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mònica Escolà
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Casas
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Sohngaardsholmsvej 49, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jeppe Lund
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Sohngaardsholmsvej 49, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wimmer
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgsvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Electronic address: kb@envs.au.dk.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bester
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000032:analysis*; D001711:Biotransformation; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry; D014260:Triclosan / Q000032:analysis*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014260:Triclosan
keywords: Activated sludge; Mass spectrometry; Transformation products; Triclosan; Triclosan-O-Sulfate