title: Individual genetic and genomic variation: a new opportunity for personalized nursing interventions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A discussion of the potential for improving nursing interventions through tailoring in consideration of patients' individual genetic/genomic variation.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Nurses have not yet maximized use of genetic/genomic information in planning and delivering nursing care outside of the context of monogenetic disease. Approaches from personalized medicine and pharmacogenomics have not yet been applied to development or delivery of nursing interventions. There are potentially many nursing interventions that would be more effective if they were individually tailored to the patient's genetic/genomic profile.
  
  
  METHODS
  Discussion paper.
  
  
  METHODS
  Published literature from 2008-2014 (one legacy paper from 1994 is also cited); Wellcome Trust and Genome.gov websites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a need for development of genetic/genomic research that directly addresses questions vital to nursing science, including biological plausibility studies. Research is also needed to inform the design and delivery of nursing interventions for common complex diseases tailored to consider genetic/genomic variability. Predicting responses to nursing interventions based on genetic/genomic variability may increase the probability that the first intervention employed will lead to optimal outcomes for each patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Integrating genetic/genomic variability, from biological plausibility research through intervention research into evidence-based practice, has the potential to move nursing forward.
authors.affiliation: University of South Florida College of Nursing, Tampa, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Cindy L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Munro
mesh_terms: D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D009729:Nursing; D009736:Nursing Process; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D057285:Precision Medicine
keywords: genetic variation; genetics; genomics; nursing intervention; nursing practice; nursing research; personalized medicine; pharmacogenomics; professional issues