title: Real-time, selective detection of Pb(2+) in water using a reduced graphene oxide/gold nanoparticle field-effect transistor device.
abstract: A field-effect transistor (FET) device-based sensor is developed to specifically detect Pb(2+) ions in an aqueous environment that is notably toxic. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO), as the semiconducting channel material, was utilized in the FET device through a self-assembly method. An l-glutathione reduced was employed as the capture probe for the label-free detection. By monitoring the electrical characteristics of the FET device, the performance of the sensor was measured and investigated. Compared with conventional detection technologies, this sensor enabled real-time detection with a response time of 1-2 s. A lower detection limit for Pb(2+) ions as low as 10 nM was achieved, which is much lower than the maximum contaminant level for Pb(2+) ions in drinking water recommended by the World Health Organization. Furthermore, the rGO FET sensor was able to distinguish Pb(2+) from other metal ions. Without any sample pretreatment, the platform is user-friendly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3200 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States.
authors.forename: Guihua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jingbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Shumao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Haihui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pu
authors.forename: Zhenhai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Junhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D014173:Transistors, Electronic; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D010087:Oxides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D007854:Lead; D006046:Gold; D006108:Graphite
keywords: Pb2+ detection; field-effect transistor; gold nanoparticle; graphene oxide