title: Four-week prevalence of mental disorders in patients with cancer across major tumor entities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide the 4-week prevalence estimates of mental disorders in cancer populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled adult patients with cancer from in- and outpatient care facilities, using a proportional stratified random sample based on the nationwide cancer incidence in Germany. Patients who scored 9 or above on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were administered to the standardized computer-assisted Composite International Diagnostic Interview for mental disorders adapted for cancer patients (CIDI-O). A random sample of those with a PHQ-9 score that was less than 9 were selected for a CIDI-O.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 5,889 patients were identified, which led to 4,020 participants (a 68.3% response rate); of those, 2,141 patients were interviewed. The 4-week total prevalence for any mental disorder was 31.8% (95% CI, 29.8% to 33.8%); this included any anxiety disorder (11.5%; 95% CI, 10.2% to 12.9%), any adjustment disorder (11.1%; 95% CI, 9.7% to 12.4%), any mood disorder (6.5%; 95% CI, 5.5% to 7.5%), any somatoform/conversion disorder (5.3%; 95% CI, 4.3% to 6.2%), nicotine dependence (4.5%; 95% CI, 3.6% to 5.4%), alcohol abuse/dependence (0.3%; 95% CI, 0.1% to 0.6%), any mental disorder resulting from general medical condition (2.3%; 95% CI, 1.7% to 2.9%), and any eating disorder (0%). The highest prevalence for any mental disorder was found in patients with breast cancer (41.6%; 95% CI, 36.8% to 46.4%), followed by patients with head and neck cancer (40.8%; 95% CI, 28.5% to 53.0%). The lowest prevalence was found in patients with pancreatic cancer (20.3%; 95% CI, 8.9% to 31.6%) and stomach/esophagus cancers (21.2%; 95% CI, 12.8% to 29.6%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings provide evidence for the strong need for psycho-oncological interventions.
authors.affiliation: Anja Mehnert, Elmar Brähler, Carina Szalai, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig; Anja Mehnert, Martin Härter, Holger Schulz, Karl Wegscheider, Susanne Sehner, Uwe Koch, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Hermann Faller, Matthias Richard, University of Würzburg, Würzburg; Monika Keller, Sabine Sommerfeldt, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Joachim Weis, Anna Boehncke, Tumor Biology Center, University of Freiburg; Bianca Hund, Rhein-Jura-Klinik, Bad Säckingen; Bianca Hund, Katrin Reuter, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Carina Szalai, Psychosocial Counseling Center for Cancer Patients, Zwickau; Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy and Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technical University Dresden, Dresden; Elmar Brähler, Universal Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany. anja.mehnert@medizin.uni-leipzig.de.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehnert
authors.affiliation: Anja Mehnert, Elmar Brähler, Carina Szalai, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig; Anja Mehnert, Martin Härter, Holger Schulz, Karl Wegscheider, Susanne Sehner, Uwe Koch, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Hermann Faller, Matthias Richard, University of Würzburg, Würzburg; Monika Keller, Sabine Sommerfeldt, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Joachim Weis, Anna Boehncke, Tumor Biology Center, University of Freiburg; Bianca Hund, Rhein-Jura-Klinik, Bad Säckingen; Bianca Hund, Katrin Reuter, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Carina Szalai, Psychosocial Counseling Center for Cancer Patients, Zwickau; Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy and Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technical University Dresden, Dresden; Elmar Brähler, Universal Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Elmar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brähler
authors.affiliation: Anja Mehnert, Elmar Brähler, Carina Szalai, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig; Anja Mehnert, Martin Härter, Holger Schulz, Karl Wegscheider, Susanne Sehner, Uwe Koch, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Hermann Faller, Matthias Richard, University of Würzburg, Würzburg; Monika Keller, Sabine Sommerfeldt, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Joachim Weis, Anna Boehncke, Tumor Biology Center, University of Freiburg; Bianca Hund, Rhein-Jura-Klinik, Bad Säckingen; Bianca Hund, Katrin Reuter, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Carina Szalai, Psychosocial Counseling Center for Cancer Patients, Zwickau; Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy and Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technical University Dresden, Dresden; Elmar Brähler, Universal Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Faller
authors.affiliation: Anja Mehnert, Elmar Brähler, Carina Szalai, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig; Anja Mehnert, Martin Härter, Holger Schulz, Karl Wegscheider, Susanne Sehner, Uwe Koch, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Hermann Faller, Matthias Richard, University of Würzburg, Würzburg; Monika Keller, Sabine Sommerfeldt, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Joachim Weis, Anna Boehncke, Tumor Biology Center, University of Freiburg; Bianca Hund, Rhein-Jura-Klinik, Bad Säckingen; Bianca Hund, Katrin Reuter, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Carina Szalai, Psychosocial Counseling Center for Cancer Patients, Zwickau; Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy and Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technical University Dresden, Dresden; Elmar Brähler, Universal Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Härter
authors.affiliation: Anja Mehnert, Elmar Brähler, Carina Szalai, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig; Anja Mehnert, Martin Härter, Holger Schulz, Karl Wegscheider, Susanne Sehner, Uwe Koch, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Hermann Faller, Matthias Richard, University of Würzburg, Würzburg; Monika Keller, Sabine Sommerfeldt, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Joachim Weis, Anna Boehncke, Tumor Biology Center, University of Freiburg; Bianca Hund, Rhein-Jura-Klinik, Bad Säckingen; Bianca Hund, Katrin Reuter, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Carina Szalai, Psychosocial Counseling Center for Cancer Patients, Zwickau; Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy and Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technical University Dresden, Dresden; Elmar Brähler, Universal Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.affiliation: Anja Mehnert, Elmar Brähler, Carina Szalai, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig; Anja Mehnert, Martin Härter, Holger Schulz, Karl Wegscheider, Susanne Sehner, Uwe Koch, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Hermann Faller, Matthias Richard, University of Würzburg, Würzburg; Monika Keller, Sabine Sommerfeldt, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Joachim Weis, Anna Boehncke, Tumor Biology Center, University of Freiburg; Bianca Hund, Rhein-Jura-Klinik, Bad Säckingen; Bianca Hund, Katrin Reuter, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Carina Szalai, Psychosocial Counseling Center for Cancer Patients, Zwickau; Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy and Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technical University Dresden, Dresden; Elmar Brähler, Universal Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.affiliation: Anja Mehnert, Elmar Brähler, Carina Szalai, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig; Anja Mehnert, Martin Härter, Holger Schulz, Karl Wegscheider, Susanne Sehner, Uwe Koch, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Hermann Faller, Matthias Richard, University of Würzburg, Würzburg; Monika Keller, Sabine Sommerfeldt, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Joachim Weis, Anna Boehncke, Tumor Biology Center, University of Freiburg; Bianca Hund, Rhein-Jura-Klinik, Bad Säckingen; Bianca Hund, Katrin Reuter, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Carina Szalai, Psychosocial Counseling Center for Cancer Patients, Zwickau; Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy and Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technical University Dresden, Dresden; Elmar Brähler, Universal Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wegscheider
authors.affiliation: Anja Mehnert, Elmar Brähler, Carina Szalai, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig; Anja Mehnert, Martin Härter, Holger Schulz, Karl Wegscheider, Susanne Sehner, Uwe Koch, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Hermann Faller, Matthias Richard, University of Würzburg, Würzburg; Monika Keller, Sabine Sommerfeldt, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Joachim Weis, Anna Boehncke, Tumor Biology Center, University of Freiburg; Bianca Hund, Rhein-Jura-Klinik, Bad Säckingen; Bianca Hund, Katrin Reuter, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Carina Szalai, Psychosocial Counseling Center for Cancer Patients, Zwickau; Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy and Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technical University Dresden, Dresden; Elmar Brähler, Universal Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weis
authors.affiliation: Anja Mehnert, Elmar Brähler, Carina Szalai, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig; Anja Mehnert, Martin Härter, Holger Schulz, Karl Wegscheider, Susanne Sehner, Uwe Koch, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Hermann Faller, Matthias Richard, University of Würzburg, Würzburg; Monika Keller, Sabine Sommerfeldt, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Joachim Weis, Anna Boehncke, Tumor Biology Center, University of Freiburg; Bianca Hund, Rhein-Jura-Klinik, Bad Säckingen; Bianca Hund, Katrin Reuter, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Carina Szalai, Psychosocial Counseling Center for Cancer Patients, Zwickau; Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy and Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technical University Dresden, Dresden; Elmar Brähler, Universal Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boehncke
authors.affiliation: Anja Mehnert, Elmar Brähler, Carina Szalai, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig; Anja Mehnert, Martin Härter, Holger Schulz, Karl Wegscheider, Susanne Sehner, Uwe Koch, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Hermann Faller, Matthias Richard, University of Würzburg, Würzburg; Monika Keller, Sabine Sommerfeldt, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Joachim Weis, Anna Boehncke, Tumor Biology Center, University of Freiburg; Bianca Hund, Rhein-Jura-Klinik, Bad Säckingen; Bianca Hund, Katrin Reuter, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Carina Szalai, Psychosocial Counseling Center for Cancer Patients, Zwickau; Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy and Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technical University Dresden, Dresden; Elmar Brähler, Universal Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Bianca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hund
authors.affiliation: Anja Mehnert, Elmar Brähler, Carina Szalai, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig; Anja Mehnert, Martin Härter, Holger Schulz, Karl Wegscheider, Susanne Sehner, Uwe Koch, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Hermann Faller, Matthias Richard, University of Würzburg, Würzburg; Monika Keller, Sabine Sommerfeldt, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Joachim Weis, Anna Boehncke, Tumor Biology Center, University of Freiburg; Bianca Hund, Rhein-Jura-Klinik, Bad Säckingen; Bianca Hund, Katrin Reuter, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Carina Szalai, Psychosocial Counseling Center for Cancer Patients, Zwickau; Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy and Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technical University Dresden, Dresden; Elmar Brähler, Universal Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reuter
authors.affiliation: Anja Mehnert, Elmar Brähler, Carina Szalai, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig; Anja Mehnert, Martin Härter, Holger Schulz, Karl Wegscheider, Susanne Sehner, Uwe Koch, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Hermann Faller, Matthias Richard, University of Würzburg, Würzburg; Monika Keller, Sabine Sommerfeldt, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Joachim Weis, Anna Boehncke, Tumor Biology Center, University of Freiburg; Bianca Hund, Rhein-Jura-Klinik, Bad Säckingen; Bianca Hund, Katrin Reuter, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Carina Szalai, Psychosocial Counseling Center for Cancer Patients, Zwickau; Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy and Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technical University Dresden, Dresden; Elmar Brähler, Universal Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.affiliation: Anja Mehnert, Elmar Brähler, Carina Szalai, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig; Anja Mehnert, Martin Härter, Holger Schulz, Karl Wegscheider, Susanne Sehner, Uwe Koch, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Hermann Faller, Matthias Richard, University of Würzburg, Würzburg; Monika Keller, Sabine Sommerfeldt, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Joachim Weis, Anna Boehncke, Tumor Biology Center, University of Freiburg; Bianca Hund, Rhein-Jura-Klinik, Bad Säckingen; Bianca Hund, Katrin Reuter, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Carina Szalai, Psychosocial Counseling Center for Cancer Patients, Zwickau; Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy and Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technical University Dresden, Dresden; Elmar Brähler, Universal Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sehner
authors.affiliation: Anja Mehnert, Elmar Brähler, Carina Szalai, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig; Anja Mehnert, Martin Härter, Holger Schulz, Karl Wegscheider, Susanne Sehner, Uwe Koch, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Hermann Faller, Matthias Richard, University of Würzburg, Würzburg; Monika Keller, Sabine Sommerfeldt, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Joachim Weis, Anna Boehncke, Tumor Biology Center, University of Freiburg; Bianca Hund, Rhein-Jura-Klinik, Bad Säckingen; Bianca Hund, Katrin Reuter, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Carina Szalai, Psychosocial Counseling Center for Cancer Patients, Zwickau; Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy and Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technical University Dresden, Dresden; Elmar Brähler, Universal Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sommerfeldt
authors.affiliation: Anja Mehnert, Elmar Brähler, Carina Szalai, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig; Anja Mehnert, Martin Härter, Holger Schulz, Karl Wegscheider, Susanne Sehner, Uwe Koch, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Hermann Faller, Matthias Richard, University of Würzburg, Würzburg; Monika Keller, Sabine Sommerfeldt, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Joachim Weis, Anna Boehncke, Tumor Biology Center, University of Freiburg; Bianca Hund, Rhein-Jura-Klinik, Bad Säckingen; Bianca Hund, Katrin Reuter, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Carina Szalai, Psychosocial Counseling Center for Cancer Patients, Zwickau; Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy and Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technical University Dresden, Dresden; Elmar Brähler, Universal Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Carina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Szalai
authors.affiliation: Anja Mehnert, Elmar Brähler, Carina Szalai, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig; Anja Mehnert, Martin Härter, Holger Schulz, Karl Wegscheider, Susanne Sehner, Uwe Koch, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Hermann Faller, Matthias Richard, University of Würzburg, Würzburg; Monika Keller, Sabine Sommerfeldt, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Joachim Weis, Anna Boehncke, Tumor Biology Center, University of Freiburg; Bianca Hund, Rhein-Jura-Klinik, Bad Säckingen; Bianca Hund, Katrin Reuter, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Carina Szalai, Psychosocial Counseling Center for Cancer Patients, Zwickau; Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy and Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technical University Dresden, Dresden; Elmar Brähler, Universal Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans-Ulrich
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Wittchen
authors.affiliation: Anja Mehnert, Elmar Brähler, Carina Szalai, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig; Anja Mehnert, Martin Härter, Holger Schulz, Karl Wegscheider, Susanne Sehner, Uwe Koch, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Hermann Faller, Matthias Richard, University of Würzburg, Würzburg; Monika Keller, Sabine Sommerfeldt, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Joachim Weis, Anna Boehncke, Tumor Biology Center, University of Freiburg; Bianca Hund, Rhein-Jura-Klinik, Bad Säckingen; Bianca Hund, Katrin Reuter, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Carina Szalai, Psychosocial Counseling Center for Cancer Patients, Zwickau; Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy and Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technical University Dresden, Dresden; Elmar Brähler, Universal Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Koch
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires