title: Introduction of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system in Kenya through mobile outreach: review of service statistics and provider perspectives.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG IUS) was developed over 30 years ago, but the product is currently too expensive for widespread use in many developing countries. In Kenya, one organization has received donated commodities for 5 years, providing an opportunity to assess impact and potential future role of the product.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed service statistics on insertions of the LNG IUS, copper intrauterine device (IUD), and subdermal implant from 15 mobile outreach teams during the 2011 calendar year. To determine the impact of the LNG IUS introduction, we analyzed changes in uptake and distribution of the copper IUD and subdermal implant by comparing periods of time when the LNG IUS was available with periods when it was not available. In addition, we interviewed 27 clinicians to assess their views of the product and of its future role.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When the LNG IUS was not available, intrauterine contraception accounted for 39% of long-acting method provision. The addition of the LNG IUS created a slight rise in intrauterine contraception uptake (to 44%) at the expense of the subdermal implant, but the change was only marginally significant (P = .08) and was largely attributable to the copper IUD. All interviewed providers felt that the LNG IUS would increase uptake of long-acting methods, and 70% felt that the noncontraceptive benefits of the product are important to clients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The LNG IUS was well-received among providers and family planning clients in this population in Kenya. Although important changes in service statistics were not apparent from this analysis (perhaps due to the small quantity of LNG IUS that was available), provider enthusiasm for the product was high. This finding, above all, suggests that a larger-scale introduction effort would have strong support from providers and thus increase the chances of success. Adding another proven and highly acceptable long-acting contraceptive technology to the method mix could have important reproductive health impact.
authors.affiliation: FHI 360, Research Triangle Park, NC , USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hubacher
authors.affiliation: Marie Stopes/Kenya , Nairobi , Kenya.
authors.forename: Vitalis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Akora
authors.affiliation: FHI 360, Research Triangle Park, NC , USA.
authors.forename: Rose
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Masaba
authors.affiliation: FHI 360, Research Triangle Park, NC , USA.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: FHI 360, Research Triangle Park, NC , USA.
authors.forename: Valentine
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Veena
mesh_terms: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D005193:Family Planning Services; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007435:Intrauterine Devices, Copper; D007436:Intrauterine Devices, Medicated; D007630:Kenya; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008952:Mobile Health Units; D036301:Qualitative Research
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D016912:Levonorgestrel