title: Aqueous gating of van der Waals materials on bilayer nanopaper.
abstract: In this work, we report transistors made of van der Waals materials on a mesoporous paper with a smooth nanoscale surface. The aqueous transistor has a novel planar structure with source, drain, and gate electrodes on the same surface of the paper, while the mesoporous paper is used as an electrolyte reservoir. These transistors are enabled by an all-cellulose paper with nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) on the top surface that leads to an excellent surface smoothness, while the rest of the microsized cellulose fibers can absorb electrolyte effectively. Based on two-dimensional van der Waals materials, including MoS2 and graphene, we demonstrate high-performance transistors with a large on-off ratio and low subthreshold swing. Such planar transistors with absorbed electrolyte gating can be used as sensors integrated with other components to form paper microfluidic systems. This study is significant for future paper-based electronics and biosensors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, United States.
authors.forename: Wenzhong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Jiayu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Jiaqi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Hongli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Xiaogang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Preston
authors.forename: Liangbing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D044085:Microfluidics; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D049329:Nanostructures; D010209:Paper; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D014867:Water
keywords: MoS2; graphene; liquid-gated transistor; mesoporous paper; microfluidics; paper sensors