title: Symptoms reported by patients with varying stages of glaucoma: review of 401 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the symptoms that patients with glaucoma voluntarily report and to determine the correlation between the symptoms and the stage of glaucoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 401 patients who presented to the Glaucoma Service from January 2012 through November 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Wills Eye Hospital Glaucoma Research Center retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who visited the Glaucoma Service from January 2012 through November 2013. We recorded any symptom written in the charts at the last eligible visit of each patient. The patients were classified by different stages according to the mean deviation of the Octopus visual field.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analyzed 401 patients, who were graded with mild (n = 170), moderate (n = 106), or severe (n = 125) visual-field loss. The majority of patients did not report any symptoms (56.0%); 24.2% reported ocular surface disease (OSD) symptoms; and 25.8% reported visual complaints. The presence of symptoms positively correlated with the severity of glaucoma (p = 0.01) and the number of surgeries (p = 0.02). Burning/smarting/stinging and blurry vision showed a positive correlation with the severity of glaucoma (p < 0.05). Older patients (> 69 years) showed a significant increase in OSD symptoms (p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  About one-fourth of the patients with glaucoma reported visual complaints, and another fourth reported OSD symptoms, both of which correlated with glaucoma severity. The high prevalence of OSD symptoms suggests that patients should be specifically questioned about these symptoms and treated as indicated. This information is of value particularly in the new era of nonpreserved glaucoma medications.
authors.affiliation: Wills Eye Hospital Glaucoma Research Center, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Ester
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernandez Lopez
authors.affiliation: Wills Eye Hospital Glaucoma Research Center, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Emine Esra
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Karaca
authors.affiliation: Wills Eye Hospital Glaucoma Research Center, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Feyzahan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ekici
authors.affiliation: Wills Eye Hospital Glaucoma Research Center, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Waisbourd
authors.affiliation: Wills Eye Hospital Glaucoma Research Center, Philadelphia, PA.. Electronic address: gspaeth@willseye.org.
authors.forename: George L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Spaeth
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D063189:Symptom Assessment; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology