title: Recovery after aerobic exercise is manipulated by tempo change in a rhythmic sound pattern, as indicated by autonomic reaction on heart functioning.
abstract: Physical prowess is associated with rapid recovery from exhaustion. Here we examined whether recovery from aerobic exercise could be manipulated with a rhythmic sound pattern that either decreased or increased in tempo. Six men and six women exercised repeatedly for six minutes on a cycle ergometer at 60 percent of their individual maximal oxygen consumption, and then relaxed for six minutes while listening to one of two sound pattern conditions, which seemed to infinitely either decrease or increase in tempo, during which heart and breathing activity was measured. Participants exhibited more high-frequent heart rate variability when listening to decreasing tempo than when listening to increasing tempo, accompanied by a non-significant trend towards lower heart rate. The results show that neuropsychological entrainment to a sound pattern may directly affect the autonomic nervous system, which in turn may facilitate physiological recovery after exercise. Applications using rhythmic entrainment to aid physical recovery are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Umeå University Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wallert
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Umeå University Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Madison
keywords: anisochronous; autonomic nervous system; exercise; heart rate variability; recovery; rhythmic entrainment; sound pattern