title: Third Class Resolver: a retrospective analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the use of Third Class Resolver (TCR), a new fixed and functional orthopaedic appliance for the treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion in adolescents and young adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study design: Retrospective analysis. Twenty subjects, 10 females and 10 males, affected by Class III malocclusion were treated with a new fixed orthopaedic appliance: the Third Class Resolver (TCR). The mean age was 7 years at the beginning of treatment and 9 years at the end of treatment. The mean treatment time was 6 months. Digital cephalometric superimpositions on lateral radiographs taken at the start and end of treatment were assessed. The cephalometric values were statistically analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cephalometric analysis of changes during treatment shows a statistically significant increase of ANB angle (mean 1°) (P = 0.045); increase of Witts Index (mean 3.5 mm) (P = 0.003); decrease of Maxillo-Mandibular angle (MM) (mean -2.3°) (P = 0.047); increase of Upper incisor-Maxilla Plane angle (angle mean 10.5°) (P = 0.02); increase of the distance between Upper Incisor and A-Pg line (mean 2.4 mm) (P = 0.021); increase of the mandibular branch length (mean 4.8 mm) (P = 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TCR can be used fully for treatment of Class III malocclusions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Science, Nanotechnology and Biotechnology, "G. D'Annunzio", University of Chieti- Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Attilio
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Science, Nanotechnology and Biotechnology, "G. D'Annunzio", University of Chieti- Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Festa
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Science, Nanotechnology and Biotechnology, "G. D'Annunzio", University of Chieti- Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Filippakos
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Science, Nanotechnology and Biotechnology, "G. D'Annunzio", University of Chieti- Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Comparelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Science, Nanotechnology and Biotechnology, "G. D'Annunzio", University of Chieti- Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tripodi
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000628:therapy*; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors