title: Biodegradable lysine-derived polyurethane scaffolds promote healing in a porcine full-thickness excisional wound model.
abstract: Lysine-derived polyurethane scaffolds (LTI-PUR) support cutaneous wound healing in loose-skinned small animal models. Due to the physiological and anatomical similarities of human and pig skin, we investigated the capacity of LTI-PUR scaffolds to support wound healing in a porcine excisional wound model. Modifications to scaffold design included the addition of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as a porogen to increase interconnectivity and an additional plasma treatment (Plasma) to decrease surface hydrophobicity. All LTI-PUR scaffold and formulations supported cellular infiltration and were biodegradable. At 15 days, CMC and plasma scaffolds simulated increased macrophages more so than LTI PUR or no treatment. This response was consistent with macrophage-mediated oxidative degradation of the lysine component of the scaffolds. Cell proliferation was similar in control and scaffold-treated wounds at 8 and 15 days. Neither apoptosis nor blood vessel area density showed significant differences in the presence of any of the scaffold variations compared with untreated wounds, providing further evidence that these synthetic biomaterials had no adverse effects on those pivotal wound healing processes. During the critical phase of granulation tissue formation in full thickness porcine excisional wounds, LTI-PUR scaffolds supported tissue infiltration, while undergoing biodegradation. Modifications to scaffold fabrication modify the reparative process. This study emphasizes the biocompatibility and favorable cellular responses of PUR scaffolding formulations in a clinically relevant animal model.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Adolph
authors.forename: Alonda C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Pollins
authors.forename: Nancy L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Cardwell
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Guelcher
authors.forename: Lillian B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Nanney
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008239:Lysine / Q000737:chemistry*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013552:Swine; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011140:Polyurethanes; D008239:Lysine
keywords: LTI polyurethane; PUR; lysine triisocyanate; pig model; scaffold; wound repair