title: Serum chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5/RANTES) level might be utilized as a predictive marker of tumor behavior and disease prognosis in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and the most common gastrointestinal cancer in Iran. Chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5/RANTES) is one of the most potent angiogenic factors that plays an important role in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. We aimed to assess the serum level of CCL5 in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma and its relation with histological grade and tumor stage, as well as the disease prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-four patients with gastric adenocarcinoma that had undergone gastrectomy and 96 non-tumoral cases in which gastric cancer was ruled out by gastroscopy and biopsy were enrolled. Demographic and epidemiological characteristics and patient survival data were reviewed. Histological type, grade, and tumor stage (TNM) were determined by a single expert pathologist. Helicobacter pylori infection status and CCL5 serum level were measured by ELISA. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with gastric adenocarcinoma had significantly higher serum CCL5 level compared with control group (P < .001). Higher serum CCL5 levels were associated with lower histological differentiation (P < .001), higher depth of tumor invasion (P = .022), more frequent lymph nodes involvement (P = .028), and advanced tumor stage (P = .002). The overall survival of patients with CCL5 levels higher than 70,671 pg/ml was significantly lower than those with lower than this cutoff (P = .043).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum CCL5 levels might be utilized as a predictive marker of tumor behavior and disease prognosis in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Further studies to assess tissue expression of CCL5 and its gene polymorphisms are suggested.
authors.affiliation: Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, 14117, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sima
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Sima
authors.forename: Houshang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rafatpanah
authors.forename: Hanieh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hosseinnezhad
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ghaffarzadehgan
authors.forename: Narges
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Valizadeh
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mehrabi Bahar
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Hakimi
authors.forename: Anahita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Masoom
authors.forename: Amin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Noorbakhsh
authors.forename: Nahid
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Razavi Satvati
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Raziee
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000097:blood*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C483024:CCL5 protein, human; D018946:Chemokine CCL5