title: Relationship between self-esteem and living conditions among stroke survivors at home.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the relationship between self-esteem of stroke survivors at home and their living conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study participants were stroke survivors who lived at home and commuted to one of two medical facilities in the Tohoku region of Japan. Stroke survivors were recruited for the present study when they came to the hospital for a routine visit. The researcher or research assistant explained the study objective and methods to the stroke survivor, and the questionnaire survey was conducted. Survey contents included the Japanese version of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) and questions designed to assess living conditions. A total of 65 participants with complete RSE data were included in the analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (standard deviation) age of participants was 70.9 years (± 11.1), with a mean RSE score of 32.12 (± 8.32). Only a minor decrease in participant self-esteem was observed, even after having experienced a stroke. Factors associated with self-esteem, including "independent bathing" (standardized partial regression coefficient, β = 0.405, P < 0.001), "being needed by family members" (β = 0.389, P < 0.001), "independent grooming" (β = 0.292, P = 0.009), and "sleep satisfaction" (β = 0.237, P = 0.017), were analyzed by stepwise multiple regression analysis. The multiple correlation coefficient adjusted for the degrees of freedom was 0.738 (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our analysis revealed that the maintenance of activities of daily living, and the presence of a suitable environment that enhances physical function recovery and promotes activity and participation, are necessary to improve self-esteem in stroke survivors living at home.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Yamagata, Japan.
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shida
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sekito
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006699:Home Care Services; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008875:Middle Aged; D012649:Self Concept; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Disability and Health (ICF); International Classification of Functioning; living conditions; self-esteem; stroke survivors