title: Macular and optic disc edema and retinal vascular leakage in familial amyloid polyneuropathy with a transthyretin Val30Met mutation: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Familial amyloid polyneuropathy is a group of autosomal dominant disorders characterized by extracellular amyloid deposition in several target organs. This paper aims to report an unusual manifestation of retinal vascular leakage including optic disc and macular edema in a patient with familial amyloid polyneuropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 37-year-old Portuguese Caucasian man with Val30Met transthyretin-related familial amyloid polyneuropathy presented with rapidly progressing visual loss in his left eye. He had undergone liver transplantation at the age of 30 with neurologic stabilization. Fundoscopy and fluorescein angiogram revealed optic disc and macular edema as well as vessel wall staining with leakage in the posterior pole and mid-periphery, without vitreous opacities. A diagnostic work-up for infectious, autoimmune and neoplasic conditions was negative. Systemic immunosuppression was increased but without improvement. Sustained resolution of macular edema was observed after intravitreal injection of dexamethasone implant and laser panretinal photocoagulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a rare ocular manifestation of familial amyloid polyneuropathy which represents a new therapeutic challenge. Intravitreal injection of sustained release dexamethasone implant and panretinal photocoagulation may be an effective eye-saving therapeutic approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology of Central Lisbon Hospital Center, Lisbon, Portugal. arnaldomiguelsantos@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Arnaldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dias-Santos
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: João Paulo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cunha
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000682:Amyloid / Q000235:genetics; D028227:Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D010211:Papilledema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D011228:Prealbumin / Q000235:genetics; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D000682:Amyloid; D005819:Genetic Markers; D011228:Prealbumin; C041120:amyloid prealbumin