title: Effect of butyrate on immune response of a chicken macrophage cell line.
abstract: Butyric acid is a major short chain fatty acid (SCFA), produced in the gastrointestinal tract by anaerobic bacterial fermentation, that has beneficial health effects in many species including poultry. To understand the immunomodulating effects of butyrate on avian macrophage, we treated a naturally transformed line of chicken macrophage cells named HTC with Na-butyrate in the absence or presence of Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), a metabolic activator, evaluating its various functional parameters. The results demonstrate that, butyrate by itself had no significant effect on variables such as nitric oxide (NO) production and the expression of genes associated with various inflammatory cytokines but it inhibited NO production, and reduced the expression of cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-10 in LPS-stimulated cells. Butyrate decreased the expression of TGF-β3 in the presence or absence of LPS, while it had no effect on IL-4, Tβ4, and MMP2 gene expression. In addition, butyrate augmented PMA induced oxidative burst indicated by DCF-DA oxidation and restored LPS induced attenuation of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity. Although butyrate had no significant effect on phagocytosis or matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activities of resting macrophages, it significantly suppressed the effects induced by their respective stimulants such as LPS induced phagocytosis and PMA induced MMP expression. These results suggest that butyrate has immunomodulatory property in the presence of agents that incite the cells thus, has potential to control inflammation and restore immune homeostasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rongchang Campus of Southwest University, 160 Xueyuan Road, Chongqing 402460, Rongchang County, China; USDA/ARS, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Poultry Science Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
authors.forename: Z Y
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: USDA/ARS, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Poultry Science Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Packialakshmi
authors.affiliation: USDA/ARS, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Poultry Science Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Makkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dridi
authors.affiliation: USDA/ARS, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Poultry Science Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA. Electronic address: narayan.rath@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Rath
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002087:Butyrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002645:Chickens / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000276:immunology; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000276:immunology; D012313:RNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D002087:Butyrates; D016207:Cytokines; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D012313:RNA
keywords: Butyrate; Chicken; Immune response; Macrophage