title: Influence of heat treatments upon the mechanical properties and in vitro bioactivity of ZrO2-toughened MgO-CaO-SiO2-P2O5-CaF2 glass-ceramics.
abstract: Zirconia-toughened MgO-CaO-SiO2-P2O5-CaF2 glass-ceramics are prepared using sintering techniques, and a series of heat treatment procedures are designed to obtain a glass-ceramic with improved properties. The crystallization behavior, phase composition, and morphology of the glass-ceramics are characterized. The bending strength, elastic modulus, fracture toughness, and microhardness of the glass-ceramics are investigated, and the effect mechanism of heat treatments upon the mechanical properties is discussed. The bioactivity of glass-ceramics is then evaluated using the in vitro simulated body fluid (SBF) soaking test, and the mechanism whereby apatite forms on the glass-ceramic surfaces in the SBF solution is discussed. The results indicate that the main crystal phase of the G-24 sample undergoing two heat treatment procedures is Ca5(PO4)3F (fluorapatite), and those of the G-2444 sample undergoing four heat treatment procedures are Ca5(PO4)3F and β-CaSiO3 (β-wollastonite). The heat treatment procedures are found to greatly influence the mechanical properties of the glass-ceramic, and an apatite layer is induced on the glass-ceramic surface after soaking in the SBF solution.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong, Ji'nan 250061, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huan-Cai
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong, Ji'nan 250061, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dian-Gang
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong, Ji'nan 250061, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiang-Guo
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong, Ji'nan 250061, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chuan-Zhong
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D001031:Apatites / Q000378:metabolism; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000378:metabolism; D002516:Ceramics / Q000528:radiation effects*; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008277:Magnesium Oxide / Q000528:radiation effects*; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000528:radiation effects*; D015040:Zirconium / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; C116882:CaO-SiO2-P2O5-CaF2 glass; D019279:Resin Cements; D008277:Magnesium Oxide; D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide