title: Chromatin-dependent repression of the Arabidopsis floral integrator genes involves plant specific PHD-containing proteins.
abstract: The interplay among histone modifications modulates the expression of master regulatory genes in development. Chromatin effector proteins bind histone modifications and translate the epigenetic status into gene expression patterns that control development. Here, we show that two Arabidopsis thaliana paralogs encoding plant-specific proteins with a plant homeodomain (PHD) motif, SHORT LIFE (SHL) and EARLY BOLTING IN SHORT DAYS (EBS), function in the chromatin-mediated repression of floral initiation and play independent roles in the control of genes regulating flowering. Previous results showed that repression of the floral integrator FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) requires EBS. We establish that SHL is necessary to negatively regulate the expression of SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO1 (SOC1), another floral integrator. SHL and EBS recognize di- and trimethylated histone H3 at lysine 4 and bind regulatory regions of SOC1 and FT, respectively. These PHD proteins maintain an inactive chromatin conformation in SOC1 and FT by preventing high levels of H3 acetylation, bind HISTONE DEACETYLASE6, and play a central role in regulating flowering time. SHL and EBS are widely conserved in plants but are absent in other eukaryotes, suggesting that the regulatory module mediated by these proteins could represent a distinct mechanism for gene expression control in plants.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias-Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Leticia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: López-González
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias-Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mouriz
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias-Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Narro-Diego
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias-Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Regla
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bustos
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain.
authors.forename: José Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Martínez-Zapater
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias-Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jarillo
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias-Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain pineiro@inia.es.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piñeiro
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D035264:Flowers / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000528:radiation effects; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000528:radiation effects; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism; D026161:MADS Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008745:Methylation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017440:Photoperiod; D011485:Protein Binding; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C419046:AGL20 protein, Arabidopsis; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002843:Chromatin; C478974:EBS protein, Arabidopsis; C418905:FT protein, Arabidopsis; D006657:Histones; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D026161:MADS Domain Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C417726:SHL protein, Arabidopsis; C432452:AT5G63110 protein, Arabidopsis; D006655:Histone Deacetylases; D008239:Lysine