title: Atherogenic risk factors and hearing thresholds.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of atherogenic risk factors on hearing thresholds. In a cross-sectional study we analyzed data from a Danish survey in 2009-2010 on physical and psychological working conditions. The study included 576 white- and blue-collar workers from children's day care units, financial services and 10 manufacturing trades. Associations between atherogenic risk factors (blood lipids, glycosylated hemoglobin, smoking habits, body mass index (BMI), and ambulatory blood pressure) and hearing thresholds were analyzed using multiple linear regression models. Adjusted results suggested associations between smoking, high BMI and triglyceride level and low high-density lipoprotein level and increased low-frequency hearing thresholds (average of pure-tone hearing thresholds at 0.25, 0.5 and 1 kHz). Furthermore, an increasing load of atherogenic risk factors seemed associated with increased low-frequency hearing thresholds, but only at a borderline level of statistical significance. Associations were generally strongest with hearing levels of the worst hearing ear. We found no statistically significant associations between atherogenic risk factors and high-frequency hearing thresholds (average of pure-tone hearing thresholds at 4, 6 and 8 kHz).
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Thomas Winther
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Frederiksen
authors.forename: Cecilia Høst
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ramlau-Hansen
authors.forename: Zara Ann
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Stokholm
authors.forename: Matias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brødsgaard Grynderup
authors.forename: Åse Marie
authors.initials: ÅM
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Søren Peter
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: Jesper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Medom Vestergaard
authors.forename: Jesper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kristiansen
authors.forename: Jens Peter
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bonde
authors.forename: Henrik Albert
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Kolstad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000502:physiology*; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009623:Noise, Occupational / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D014280:Triglycerides; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human