title: The internal pudendal artery perforator thigh flap: a new freestyle pedicle flap for the ischial region.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recurrence and complication rates of pressure sores are highest in the ischial region, and other donor sites are needed for recurrent pressure sores. The potential of a new freestyle pedicle flap for ischial lesions, an internal pudendal artery perforator (iPap) thigh flap, was examined through anatomical and theoretical analyses and a case series using computed tomography angiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  The skin flap was designed in the thigh region based on an iPap. The skin perforators were marked with a Doppler probe. One patient underwent computed tomography angiography with fistulography to identify the damage to or effects on the pedicle vessels of the flap. Debridement of ischial lesions and flap elevation were performed in the jackknife position.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The iPap thigh flaps were performed in 5 patients, 4 with ischial pressure sores and 1 with calcinosis cutis of the ischial region. The width and length of the flaps ranged from 5 to 8 cm (mean, 6.6 cm) and 10 to 17 cm (mean, 12.6 cm), respectively. Three patients underwent partial osteotomy of the ischial bone. No complications, including flap necrosis or wound dehiscence of the donor and reconstructed sites, were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The perforator vessels of the internal pudendal artery are very close to the ischial tuberosity. Blood flow to the flap is reliable when careful debridement of the pressure sore is performed. The iPap thigh flap is a new option for soft-tissue defects in the ischial region, including ischial pressure sores.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan; and Division of Plastic Surgery, Kochi Health Sciences Center, Kochi, Japan.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan; and Division of Plastic Surgery, Kochi Health Sciences Center, Kochi, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan; and Division of Plastic Surgery, Kochi Health Sciences Center, Kochi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan; and Division of Plastic Surgery, Kochi Health Sciences Center, Kochi, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takaku
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan; and Division of Plastic Surgery, Kochi Health Sciences Center, Kochi, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seike
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan; and Division of Plastic Surgery, Kochi Health Sciences Center, Kochi, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan; and Division of Plastic Surgery, Kochi Health Sciences Center, Kochi, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakanishi