title: Cadmium accumulation and tolerance of two castor cultivars in relation to antioxidant systems.
abstract: To investigate the effects of Cd on tolerance and antioxidant activities of castor, two different castor (Ricinus communis L.) cultivars (Zibo No. 5 and Zibo No. 8) were used for a hydroponic experiment (0, 1 and 2mg/L Cd) and a pot experiment using Cd-contaminated soil (34mg/kg) with the addition of ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid (EDTA). The results indicated that there were significant differences between the two cultivars with respect to Cd uptake in shoots (113-248mg/kg for Zibo No. 5 and 130-288mg/kg Zibo No. 8), biomass tolerance indexes (64.9%-74.6% for Zibo No. 5 and 80.1%-90.9% for Zibo No. 8) in the hydroponic experiment and survival rates (0% for Zibo No. 5 and 100% for Zibo No. 8) determined by the addition of EDTA in the pot experiment, suggesting that Zibo No. 8 has higher tolerance than Zibo No. 5. Moreover, the castor cultivars have low bioconcentration factors (4.80% for Zibo No. 5 and 5.43% for Zibo No. 8) and low translocation factors (<1%). Consequently, Zibo No. 8 can participate in Cd phytostabilization in highly Cd-polluted areas. The results indicated that glutathione (GSH) as a non-enzymatic antioxidant, and antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), were cultivar- and dose-dependent. The higher tolerance of Zibo No. 8 compared with Zibo No. 5 can be attributed to the higher GSH levels in the root and higher GPX activity in the leaf.
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. Electronic address: zhanghanzhihan@163.com.
authors.forename: Hanzhi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. Electronic address: guoqj@igsnrr.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Qingjun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Junxing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Tongbin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Guangxu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Rongfei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Liyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Chunyu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Zibo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zibo 255033, China.
authors.forename: Deyun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Zibo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zibo 255033, China.
authors.forename: Gangming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Applied Arts and Science of Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Yingxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wan
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002367:Ricinus communis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002104:Cadmium
keywords: Antioxidant activity; Cadmium; Castor; Phytoremediation; Tolerance