title: Concomitant genotyping revealed diverse spreading between methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in central Taiwan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Staphylococcus aureus is a versatile bacterium, which can lead to various infectious diseases. Various molecular typing methods are applied to the evolution and epidemiology surveys of S. aureus, mostly for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). However, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) is still an important pathogen, but their molecular typing is evaluated infrequently.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), spa typing, and detection of five virulent genes for 95 MRSA and 56 MSSA isolates (July-December 2008 and July 2008-December 2009, respectively) during an overlapping period were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More diversity was found in MSSA isolates (23 pulsotypes and 25 spa types, excluding 4 new-type and 1 nontypable isolates for spa typing) than in MRSA isolates (19 pulsotypes and 16 spa types, excluding 1 new-type and 1 nontypable isolates for spa typing). By spa typing, t002 (n = 30), t037 (n = 23), t437 (n = 21), t234 (n = 3), t1081 (n = 3), and t1094 (n = 3) were the six major MRSA clones. For MSSA isolates, t189 (n = 13), t437 (n = 4), t084 (n = 3), t213 (n = 3), t701 (n = 3), and t7200 (n = 3) were the six major types. Combining PFGE and spa typing, there were five combinations (pulsotype + spa type) that contained both MRSA and MSSA isolates (pulsotype 9-t437, pulsotype 15-t037, pulsotype 19-t002, pulsotype 21-t002, and pulsotype 28-t1081). For all 151 S. aureus or 95 MRSA isolates, the PFGE typing had more discrimination power, but spa typing had larger discrimination index for 56 MSSA isolates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, there were different predominant MRSA and MSSA clones clinically. Continuing longitudinal tracking of molecular typing is necessary for elucidating the evolution of this important clinical pathogen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Mao
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mao-Wang
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiao-Chuan
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Tien
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Electronic address: janglu45@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jang-Jih
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000235:genetics; D005098:Exotoxins / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007956:Leukocidins / Q000235:genetics; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D018089:Superantigens / Q000235:genetics; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004768:Enterotoxins; D005098:Exotoxins; D007956:Leukocidins; C078284:Panton-Valentine leukocidin; D018089:Superantigens; D037521:Virulence Factors; C030107:enterotoxin F, Staphylococcal; C026066:enterotoxin A, Staphylococcal; C031818:enterotoxin B, staphylococcal; C034959:enterotoxin C, staphylococcal
keywords: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus; multilocus sequence typing; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; spa; typing