title: Caffeinated nitric oxide-releasing lozenge improves cycling time trial performance.
abstract: Boosting nitric oxide production during exercise by various means has been found to improve exercise performance. We investigated the effects of a nitric oxide releasing lozenge with added caffeine (70 mg) on oxygen consumption during steady-state exercise and cycling time trial performance using a double-blinded randomized, crossover experimental design. 15 moderately trained cyclists (7 females and 8 males) were randomly assigned to ingest the caffeinated nitric oxide lozenge or placebo 5 min before exercise. Oxygen consumption and blood lactate were assessed at rest and at 50%, 65% and 75% maximal oxygen consumption. Exercise performance was assessed by time to complete a simulated 20.15 km cycling time-trial course. No significant treatment effects for oxygen consumption or blood lactate at rest or during steady-state exercise were observed. However, time-trial performance was improved by 2.1% (p<0.01) when participants consumed the nitric oxide lozenge (2,424±69 s) compared to placebo (2,476±78 s) and without a significant difference in rating of perceived exertion. These results suggest that acute supplementation with a caffeinated nitric oxide releasing lozenge may be a practical and effective means of improving aerobic exercise performance.
authors.affiliation: Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States.
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Solares
authors.affiliation: Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ivy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects*; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019344:Lactic Acid; D002110:Caffeine