title: Lysophospholipid profile in serum and liver by high-fat diet and tumor induction in obesity-resistant BALB/c mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our previous study revealed that chronic consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) stimulates colon cancer progression in obesity-resistant BALB/c mice. The aim of the present study was to investigate the significant alteration of metabolites caused by tumor progression and an HFD in the serum and liver in the same mouse model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male BALB/c mice were fed either a control diet or a HFD for 20.5 wk. The syngeneic CT26 colon carcinoma cells were injected into the right rear flank of mice after 16 wk of feeding. Metabolites in serum and liver samples were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HFD feeding and tumor injection induced changes in the choline-containing phospholipids, namely, phosphatidylcholines and lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPCs), and lysophosphatidylethanolamines in the serum and liver. The majority of these metabolite changes were due to HFD feeding (11 in sera and 5 in livers) rather than tumors (3 in sera and 1 in livers).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HFD- and tumor-related metabolite alterations of phospholipids, especially lysoPCs, in the liver and serum of obesity-resistant mice, suggesting that the lysoPCs are potential biomarkers for the chronic consumption of HFD in nonobese individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyang Yeon
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Minhee
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jiyoung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods and Drugs, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Ji
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea. Electronic address: chlee123@konkuk.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Choong Hwan
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea; Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods and Drugs, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea. Electronic address: jyoon@hallym.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jung Han Yoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008244:Lysophosphatidylcholines / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D008244:Lysophosphatidylcholines; D008246:Lysophospholipids; C008301:lysophosphatidylethanolamine; C032881:lysophosphatidic acid
keywords: Colon cancer; High-fat diet; LysoPCs; Obesity-resistant; UPLC-Q-TOF-MS