title: Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for neuropsychological symptoms in early stage of late-onset Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In addition to testing blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been analyzed in the search for biomarkers. The aim of this study was to identify biomarkers in CSF for neuropsychological symptoms in early-stage late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  CSF levels of beta-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ42), F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs) and F4-neuroprostanes (F4-NPs) were assayed in nine patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD), nine patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (a-MCI) and nine individuals with normal mental function. The three groups underwent neuropsychological testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CSF levels of F2-IsoPs and F4-NPs did not significantly differ among the three groups. Aβ42 in CSF was significantly higher in the control group compared with the mild AD group (p < 0.001) and a-MCI group (p = 0.03). There was a significant positive correlation between the level of F2-IsoPs and Aβ42 in the a-MCI group and between the level of F2-IsoPs and F4-NPs in the mild AD group. In comparisons between the mild AD group and a-MCI group combined, the cognitive impairment (CI) group, with the control group, the median levels of F2-IsoPs and F4-NPs were significantly higher in the CI group and median level of Aβ42 was significantly lower in the CI group. Both the levels of F2-IsoPs and Aβ42 were significantly negatively correlated with paranoid and delusional ideation and total score for the Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Scale (BEHAVE-AD).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest CSF levels of Aβ42 and F2-IsoPs are associated with the severity of neuropsychological symptoms.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hung-Chou
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Hsiu-Chuan
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Chin-Chang
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Wen-Chuin
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Hsing-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Chih-Lung
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000150:complications; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000150:complications; D003702:Delusions / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000150:complications; D028441:F2-Isoprostanes / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000067562:Late Onset Disorders / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058632:Neuroprostanes / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010259:Paranoid Disorders / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000150:complications; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers; D028441:F2-Isoprostanes; D058632:Neuroprostanes; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42)
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Aβ42; cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers; isoprostanes; neuroprostanes; neuropsychological symptom