title: A novel dry model for practicable sphincterotomy and precut needle knife sphincterotomy.
abstract: Aim. We aimed to develop a simulation dry model for endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) and needle knife precut sphincterotomy (NKP) and to evaluate its usefulness as a training simulator. Materials and Methods. An endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography trainer was used as a duodenum, bile duct, and papilla simulator. A simulated papilla was created with a piece of rolled uncured ham, and ES and NKP were performed. Hands-on training was carried out using this model, and success and failure of the procedures were evaluated. A questionnaire survey was conducted among the participants to assess the performance and usefulness of the dry model for ES and NKP training. Results. Twenty-two endoscopists participated in the hands-on training using this dry model. ES was successful in 33 out of 34 attempts (97%) whereas NKP was successful in all 7 attempts (100%). Based on the results of the questionnaire survey, the median score for realism was 7 (range: 2-9) for ES and 8 for NKP on a scale of 1 to 10. Conclusions. The dry model using an uncured ham provides a condition closely similar to actual clinical practice and is useful as a training model for ES and NKP.
authors.affiliation: Center for Gastroenterology, Teine-Keijinkai Hospital, 1-40-1-12 Maeda Teine-ku, Sapporo 006-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Katanuma
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itoi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Umeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tonozuka
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuntaro
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5737-620X
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukai
authors.affiliation: Center for Gastroenterology, Teine-Keijinkai Hospital, 1-40-1-12 Maeda Teine-ku, Sapporo 006-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4695-5609
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yane
authors.affiliation: Center for Gastroenterology, Teine-Keijinkai Hospital, 1-40-1-12 Maeda Teine-ku, Sapporo 006-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1349-8154
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kin
authors.affiliation: Center for Gastroenterology, Teine-Keijinkai Hospital, 1-40-1-12 Maeda Teine-ku, Sapporo 006-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Center for Gastroenterology, Teine-Keijinkai Hospital, 1-40-1-12 Maeda Teine-ku, Sapporo 006-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1220-6546
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumori
authors.affiliation: Center for Gastroenterology, Teine-Keijinkai Hospital, 1-40-1-12 Maeda Teine-ku, Sapporo 006-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsushige
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gon
authors.affiliation: Center for Gastroenterology, Teine-Keijinkai Hospital, 1-40-1-12 Maeda Teine-ku, Sapporo 006-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9527-6146
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takaki
authors.affiliation: Center for Gastroenterology, Teine-Keijinkai Hospital, 1-40-1-12 Maeda Teine-ku, Sapporo 006-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9039-8961
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tomonari