title: Physical activity level of urban pregnant women in Tianjin, China: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the physical activity level and factors influencing physical activity among pregnant urban Chinese women.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective cross-sectional study enrolled 1056 pregnant women (18-44 years of age) in Tianjin, China. Their socio-demographic characteristics were recorded, and the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess their physical activity during pregnancy. The data were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression with adjustment for potential confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median total energy expenditure of pregnant women in each of the three trimesters ranged from 18.50 to 21.90 metabolic equivalents of task (METs) h/day. They expended 1.76-1.85 MET h/day on moderate and vigorous activities and 0.11 MET h/day on exercise. Only 117 of the women (11.1%) met the international guideline for physical activity in pregnancy (≥150 min moderate intensity exercise per week). The most frequent reason given for not being more physically active was the fear of miscarriage. Higher education level (OR: 4.11, 95% CI: 1.59-10.62), habitual exercise before pregnancy (OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.39-3.28), and husbands who exercised regularly (OR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.33-3.67) significantly increased the odds of meeting the guideline (p<0.001). A low pre gravid body mass index (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.20-0.87) significantly decreased the odds (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Few urban Chinese pregnant women met the recommended physical activity guideline. They also expended little energy exercising. Future interventions should be based on the clinic environment and targeting family members as well as the subjects. All pregnant women should be targeted, not just those in high-risk groups.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Shengwen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Wangdingdi Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Xiangqin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009043:Motor Activity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011264:Pregnancy Trimesters / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*