title: Placental growth factor in cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Placental growth factor (PLGF) belongs to the VEGF family, which among the three VEGF receptors binds exclusively to VEGFR1, present on various cell types. Isoform PLGF-2 also binds the neuropilin co-receptors. PLGF is dispensable for development and health but has a prominent role in pathology including cancer. This has triggered the question whether PLGF targeting might offer an alternative to current antiangiogenesis therapy, which encounters problems of refractoriness and acquired resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article reviews the available literature on the characteristics of PLGF, its role(s) in cancer and the findings on PLGF inhibition in preclinical models with attention to as yet unresolved questions and summarizes data from initial clinical trials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preclinical studies show that inhibition of PLGF, either by genetic inhibition or by pharmacological blockade using distinct independently generated anti-PLGF antibodies, slows down tumor growth and metastasis and even induces regression of pre-existing medulloblastoma, the most frequent brain cancer in children. These promising preclinical findings, together with the acceptable safety profile of anti-PLGF administration in Phase I clinical trials, have attracted attention to PLGF as a potential target for therapy.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular Link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB and Department of Oncology, KU Leuven , Campus Gasthuisberg O&N4, Herestraat 49 - 912, B-3000, Leuven , Belgium peter.carmeliet@vib-kuleuven.be.
authors.forename: Mieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dewerchin
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carmeliet
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D015195:Drug Design; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C000608036:PGF protein, human; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor
keywords: angiogenesis; cancer; inflammation; macrophage polarization; metastasis; placental growth factor; targeted therapy