title: Local infiltration of liposome bupivacaine in foot and ankle surgery: case-based reviews.
abstract: Foot and ankle surgical procedures, ranging from simple procedures, such as bunionectomy and correction of hammer toe, to more complex surgery, such as ankle fusion and ankle replacement, are extremely painful. Moreover, there is increasing interest in performing these procedures in an outpatient setting. Nerve blocks are extensively used in foot and ankle surgery, and commonly used techniques include sciatic nerve block with saphenous nerve augmentation; ankle block; and local, digital, or field block. Whereas more extensive blocks are associated with increased medical risk, higher cost, and delayed ambulation, more local approaches may not provide an adequate duration of effect. EXPAREL® (bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension) is an extended-release local anesthetic that can be infiltrated directly into the surgical site by the orthopedic surgeon to provide continuous and effective analgesia at the site of surgical injury for up to 72 hours. Two cases that illustrate the use of EXPAREL® in foot and ankle surgery are described. The first case involves ankle replacement in an active 58-year-old man with a 20-plus-year history of arthritis. The second case involves a young woman undergoing surgery for a talar neck fracture-dislocation with an open injury, dislocated subtalar joint, avascular talus, and considerable deformity. Both patients reported excellent control of postsurgical pain.
authors.affiliation: Central Indiana Orthopedics Center, Anderson, Indiana.
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Herbst
mesh_terms: D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D064386:Ankle Fractures / Q000601:surgery; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D058737:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Ankle; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000601:surgery; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D013628:Talus / Q000293:injuries*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine