title: Chemical investigation of commercial grape seed derived products to assess quality and detect adulteration.
abstract: Fundamental concerns in quality control arise due to increasing use of grape seed extract (GSE) and the complex chemical composition of GSE. Proanthocyanidin monomers and oligomers are the major bioactive compounds in GSE. Given no standardized criteria for quality, large variation exists in the composition of commercial GSE supplements. Using HPLC/UV/MS, 21 commercial GSE containing products were purchased and chemically profiled, major compounds quantitated, and compared against authenticated grape seed extract, peanut skin extract, and pine bark extract. The antioxidant capacity and total polyphenol content for each sample was also determined and compared using standard techniques. Nine products were adulterated, found to contain peanut skin extract. A wide degree of variability in chemical composition was detected in commercial products, demonstrating the need for development of quality control standards for GSE. A TLC method was developed to allow for rapid and inexpensive detection of adulteration in GSE by peanut skin.
authors.affiliation: New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States.
authors.forename: Tom S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Villani
authors.affiliation: New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Reichert
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
authors.forename: Mario G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ferruzzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, United States; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, United States.
authors.forename: Giulio M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Pasinetti
authors.affiliation: New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States. Electronic address: jimsimon@rci.rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.affiliation: New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States. Electronic address: qlwu@aesop.rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Qingli
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination; D056604:Grape Seed Extract / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis*; D011786:Quality Control; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D056604:Grape Seed Extract; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols
keywords: Adulteration; Grape seed extract; LC–MS; Polyphenol; Proanthocyanidins; Quality control