title: Study the interactions between human serum albumin and two antifungal drugs: fluconazole and its analogue DTP.
abstract: Binding affinities of fluconazole and its analogue 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,3-di(1H-1,2,4-triazol-yl)-2-propanol (DTP) to human serum albumin (HSA) were investigated under approximately human physiological conditions. The obtained result indicated that HSA could generate fluorescent quenching by fluconazole and DTP because of the formation of non-fluorescent ground-state complexes. Binding parameters calculated from the Stern-Volmer and the Scatchard equations showed that fluconazole and DTP bind to HSA with binding affinities of the order 10(4)L/mol. The thermodynamic parameters revealed that the binding was characterized by negative enthalpy and positive entropy changes, suggesting that the binding reaction was exothermic. Hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interaction were found to be the predominant intermolecular forces stabilizing the drug-protein. The effect of metal ions on the binding constants of fluconazole-HSA complex suggested that the presence of Mg(2+) and Zn(2+) ions could decrease the free drug level and extend the half-life in the systematic circulation. Docking experiments revealed that fluconazole and DTP binds in HSA mainly by hydrophobic interaction with the possibility of hydrogen bonds formation between the drugs and the residues Arg 222, Lys 199 and Lys 195 in HSA.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
authors.forename: Shao-Lin
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China; School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China.
authors.forename: Huankai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
authors.forename: Chenyin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China. Electronic address: kintam@umac.mo.
authors.forename: Kin Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Tam
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D001665:Binding Sites; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014230:Triazoles / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D012709:Serum Albumin; D014230:Triazoles; C057282:dichlorophenyl-bis-triazolylpropanol; D015725:Fluconazole
keywords: Binding affinity; Fluconazole; Fluorescence spectrum; Human serum albumin; Molecular docking