title: Sodium [¹⁸F]fluoride PET/CT in myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sodium [(18)F]fluoride (Na[(18)F]F) positron emission tomography with integrated computed tomography (PET/CT) has not been used for imaging myocardial infarction (MI). Here, we aimed to investigate the Na[(18)F]F PET/CT features of MI in a rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  MI was induced by coronary artery ligation in 8-week-old male Spraque-Dawley rats (300 ± 10 g) and confirmed by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Na[(18)F]F PET/CT images were obtained using an animal-dedicated PET/CT scanner (NanoPET/CT, Mediso) in vivo and ex vivo. Uptake of Na[(18)F]F was quantitated using the standardized uptake value (SUV). Myocardial apoptosis was evaluated using histone-1 targeted peptide (ApoPep-1) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, while calcium accumulation was investigated using von Kossa's staining. Na[(18)F]F PET/CT was compared with (99m)Tc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) or (99m)Tc-hydroxymethylenediphosphonate (HMDP) single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) in rats with day 1 MI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rats showed strong Na[(18)F]F uptake both in vivo and ex vivo; the maximal uptake occurred 1 day after MI (SUV ratio of infarct to lung = 4.56 ± 0.74, n = 7, P = 0.0183 vs the control). The Na[(18)F]F uptake area perfectly matched the apoptotic area, determined by ApoPep-1 uptake and TUNEL assay. However, calcification, assessed by von Kossa's staining, was absent in the infarct. Na[(18)F]F PET/CT showed an increased uptake at the perfusion deficit area in [(99m)Tc]MIBI SPECT/CT and an equivalent signal to [(99m)Tc]HMDP SPECT/CT in rats with day 1 MI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Na[(18)F]F PET/CT is a promising hot-spot imaging modality for MI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Sue Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Min Su
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Won Woo
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D013669:Technetium Tc 99m Medronate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D006657:Histones; C024226:technetium Tc 99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; D002118:Calcium; D013669:Technetium Tc 99m Medronate