title: Determination of fluoroquinolones in chicken feces - a new liquid-liquid extraction method combined with LC-MS/MS.
abstract: The application of antibiotics including fluoroquinolones to farming animals is widespread and may lead to the development of antibiotic resistance and other environmental effects. To calculate environmental loads and for a proper risk assessment it is necessary to determine the antibiotic concentration in feces. Therefore, a new liquid-liquid extraction method combined with HPLC-MS/MS for the detection of marbofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and difloxacin in chicken feces was developed. Recoveries ranged from 51.0% to 83.5%. LOQs were between 0.10 and 1.09μg/kg. Feces of chickens treated with an enrofloxacin dosage of 10mg/kg bodyweight revealed maximum enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin concentrations of 61.3 and 18.8mg/kg. Both antibiotics could be detected in feces up to two days after the last application in notable amounts (∼1mg/kg). Thus, feces of recently medicated chickens should not be used as a fertilizer without any further processing.
authors.affiliation: Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Janusch
authors.affiliation: University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Gesine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scherz
authors.affiliation: Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Siegrun A I
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mohring
authors.affiliation: Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Giessen, Germany. Electronic address: Gerd.Hamscher@uni-giessen.de.
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hamscher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002645:Chickens; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D012997:Solvents; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; C047225:difloxacin; C080260:marbofloxacin
keywords: Chicken; Feces; Fluoroquinolones; LC–MS/MS; Liquid–liquid extraction