title: Water availability and calcium propionate affect fungal population and aflatoxins production in broiler finisher feed during storage.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of calcium propionate, water activity (aw) and incubation time on the total fungal count and aflatoxins B₁ (AFB₁), B₂ (AFB₂), G₁ (AFG₁) and G₂ (AFG₂) production in the broiler finisher feed. The feed was added with calcium propionate (5 g kg(-1)), adjusted to 0.85, 0.90 and 0.95 aw and stored for 28 days at 25°C, analysing for mould growth and aflatoxins production every 7 days. Analysis of variance indicated that all the factors (preservative, aw and storage time) alone and in combination significantly (p < 0.001) affected the total fungal count and aflatoxins production in the feed. Minimum total fungal counts (1.99 × 10(2) CFU g(-1)) were observed in calcium propionate feed at 0.85 aw on day 1 and the highest (4.36 × 10(9) CFUs g(-1)) in control sample at 0.95 aw on day 28 of storage. During the storage period, AFB₁ content in control samples increased from 11.35 to 73.44, from 11.58 to 81.81 and from 11.54 to 102.68 ng g(-1), whereas in preserved feed the content of B₁ increased from 11.47 to 37.83, from 11.54 to 49.07 and from 11.20 to 53.14 ng g(-1) at 0.85, 0.90 and 0.95 aw, respectively. Similar patterns were noted for AFB2, AFG₁ and AFG₂ contents. All the aflatoxins readily increased over storage time; however, the increase was much slower in preserved feed that contained a lower amount of available water. This study reveals that calcium propionate addition to poultry litter along with water activity amelioration is an effective tool for controlling mould incidence and aflatoxin production in poultry feed.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Agricultural Chemistry , The University of Agriculture Peshawar , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sahib
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.forename: Hamid Ullah
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Nazir Ahmad
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Alam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zeb
authors.forename: Abdul Sattar
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Naresh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Magan
mesh_terms: D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000382:microbiology*; D000818:Animals; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D011200:Poultry; D011422:Propionates / Q000032:analysis*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; D011422:Propionates; D014867:Water; C514136:calcium propionate
keywords: aflatoxin; calcium propionate; feed; moulds; poultry; water activity