title: Transcriptional regulation of the human, porcine and bovine OCTN2 gene by PPARα via a conserved PPRE located in intron 1.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The novel organic cation transporter 2 (OCTN2) is the physiologically most important carnitine transporter in tissues and is responsible for carnitine absorption in the intestine, carnitine reabsorption in the kidney and distribution of carnitine between tissues. Genetic studies clearly demonstrated that the mouse OCTN2 gene is directly regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). Despite its well conserved role as an important regulator of lipid catabolism in general, the specific genes under control of PPARα within each lipid metabolic pathway were shown to differ between species and it is currently unknown whether the OCTN2 gene is also a PPARα target gene in pig, cattle, and human. In the present study we examined the hypothesis that the porcine, bovine, and human OCTN2 gene are also PPARα target genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using positional cloning and reporter gene assays we identified a functional PPRE, each in the intron 1 of the porcine, bovine, and human OCTN2 gene. Gel shift assay confirmed binding of PPARα to this PPRE in the porcine, bovine, and the human OCTN2 gene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study show that the porcine, bovine, and human OCTN2 gene, like the mouse OCTN2 gene, is directly regulated by PPARα. This suggests that regulation of genes involved in carnitine uptake by PPARα is highly conserved across species.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, 030031, P. R. China. lhd2638@126.com.
authors.forename: Huidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, 030031, P. R. China. 13603517485@163.com.
authors.forename: Yuanqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, 030031, P. R. China. aladdin111@163.com.
authors.forename: Huihui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, 030031, P. R. China. zhangli030032@163.com.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, 030031, P. R. China. lixi200428@126.com.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany. robert.ringseis@ernaehrung.uni-giessen.de.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ringseis
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany. gaiping.wen@ernaehrung.uni-giessen.de.
authors.forename: Gaiping
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China. dequanhui@googlemail.com.
authors.forename: Dequan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China. aliang@sxu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Aihua
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany. klaus.eder@ernaehrung.uni-giessen.de.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eder
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, 030031, P. R. China. sxnkyhdc@163.com.
authors.forename: Dongchang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002417:Cattle; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D051379:Mice; D027701:Organic Cation Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000502:physiology*; D011485:Protein Binding; D020218:Response Elements; D047490:Retinoid X Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000074058:Solute Carrier Family 22 Member 5; D013045:Species Specificity; D034421:Sus scrofa; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D027701:Organic Cation Transport Proteins; D047493:PPAR alpha; D047490:Retinoid X Receptor alpha; C492020:SLC22A5 protein, human; D000074058:Solute Carrier Family 22 Member 5