title: Feasibility, efficacy, and predictive factors for the technical success of endoscopic nasogallbladder drainage: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several studies have shown the useful-ness of endoscopic nasogallbladder drainage (ENGBD) in patients with acute cholecystitis. However, the procedure is difficult, and factors that affect technical success have not yet been clarified. We conducted a prospective study to eval-uate the technical feasibility, efficacy, and predictive factors for the technical success of ENGBD in patients with acute cholecystitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients with moderate or severe acute cholecystitis who were enrolled underwent ENGBD between April 2009 and April 2011. Patients with surgically altered anatomy or pancreatobiliary malignancies were ex-cluded. The primary outcomes included technical success, clinical success, and complications. Factors that could affect the technical success were also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 27 patients who underwent ENGBD during the study period, technical success was achieved in 21 (78%) and clinical improvement was achieved in 20 (95%). Early complications were encountered in four patients (15%). Gallbladder wall thickness (odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08 to 2.47) and age (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.35) were effective predictors of technical failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ENGBD was effective in resolving acute cholecystitis; however, this modality was technically challenging and had a limited suc-cess rate. Because of technical difficulties, ENGBD should be reserved for limited indications. (Gut Liver, 2015;9239-246).
authors.affiliation: Center for Gastroenterology, Teine-Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yane
authors.affiliation: Center for Gastroenterology, Teine-Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maguchi
authors.affiliation: Center for Gastroenterology, Teine-Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo.
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Katanuma
authors.affiliation: Center for Gastroenterology, Teine-Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo.
authors.forename: Kuniyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Center for Gastroenterology, Teine-Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo.
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Osanai
authors.affiliation: Center for Gastroenterology, Teine-Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo.
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kin
authors.affiliation: Center for Gastroenterology, Teine-Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takaki
authors.affiliation: Center for Gastroenterology, Teine-Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo.
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Center for Gastroenterology, Teine-Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo.
authors.forename: Katsushige
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gon
authors.affiliation: Center for Gastroenterology, Teine-Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo.
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumori
authors.affiliation: Center for Gastroenterology, Teine-Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tomonari
authors.affiliation: Division of Advanced Medicine Promotion, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nojima
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D041881:Cholecystitis, Acute / Q000601:surgery*; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods*; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016717:Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Acute cholecystitis; Endoscopic retrograde chol-angiopancreatography; Gallbladder drainage