title: [Executive summary of the recommendations on the evaluation and management of renal disease in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients].
abstract: The aim of this article is to update the 2010 recommendations on the evaluation and management of renal disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Renal function should be monitored in all HIV-infected patients. The basic renal work-up should include measurements of serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate by CKD-EPI, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio, and urinary sediment. Tubular function tests should include determination of serum phosphate levels and urine dipstick for glycosuria. In the absence of abnormal values, renal screening should be performed annually. In patients treated with tenofovir, or with risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD), more frequent renal screening is recommended. In order to prevent disease progression, potentially nephrotoxic antiretroviral drugs are not recommended in patients with CKD or risk factors for CKD. The document provides indications for renal biopsy and advises on the optimal time for referral of a patient to the nephrologist. The indications for and evaluation and management of dialysis and renal transplantation are also addressed.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Valencia, España.
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gorriz
authors.affiliation: Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Alicante, España. Electronic address: gutierrez_fel@gva.es.
authors.forename: Félix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.affiliation: Hospital Sant Jaume de Olot, Universitat de Girona, Olot, Girona, España.
authors.forename: Joan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Trullàs
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, España.
authors.forename: Piedad
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arazo
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Jose R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Arribas
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Guillermina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barril
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Leganés, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cervero
authors.affiliation: Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Frederic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cofán
authors.affiliation: Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Pere
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Domingo
authors.affiliation: Hospital Clinico de San Carlos, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Estrada
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Universidad de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fulladosa
authors.affiliation: Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, España.
authors.forename: María J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Galindo
authors.affiliation: Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Sílvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gràcia
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, España.
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Iribarren
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora del Mar, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Hernando
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Knobel
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario La Fe-IISLaFe, Valencia, España.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: López-Aldeguer
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Virgen del Valme, Sevilla, España.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lozano
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Universidad de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martínez-Castelao
authors.affiliation: Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Esteban
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, España.
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mazuecos
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Xeral, Vigo, Pontevedra, España.
authors.forename: Celia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miralles
authors.affiliation: Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, España.
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Montañés
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Eugenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Negredo
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, España.
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Palacios
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal-IRYCIS, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: María J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Pérez-Elías
authors.affiliation: Hospital General Universitario, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, España.
authors.forename: Joaquín
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Portilla
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Praga
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, España.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Quereda
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba, España.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rivero
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, España.
authors.forename: Juan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Santamaría
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sanz
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sanz
authors.affiliation: Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Miró
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000465:Algorithms; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001706:Biopsy; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications; D019468:Disease Management; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006525:Hepatitis, Viral, Human / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D010757:Phosphorous Acids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: C574165:9-(2-((bis(pivaloyloxymethoxy)phosphinoyl)methoxy)propyl)adenine; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D010757:Phosphorous Acids; D000225:Adenine
keywords: AIDS; Antiretroviral therapy; Chronic kidney disease; Enfermedad renal crónica; Fármacos antirretrovirales; Human immunodeficiency virus; Insuficiencia renal; Renal failure; Renal toxicity; Renal transplantation; Sida; Tenofovir; Toxicidad renal; Trasplante renal; Virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana