title: Association of mid-pregnancy antioxidative vitamin and oxidative stress levels with infant growth during the first 3 years of life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Numerous studies have revealed the impacts of maternal nutritional status on subsequent birth outcome, but much less is known about the long-term impacts on infant growth after birth. We investigated the association between maternal micronutrient levels/oxidative stress status in pregnancy and infant growth during the first 3 years of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Ewha Birth & Growth Cohort study was constructed for women who had been recruited between 24 and 28 weeks' gestation and their offspring at Ewha Womans University Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maternal serum vitamin and urinary oxidative stress levels were measured, and infant weight, height, and head circumference were measured repeatedly at birth and at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maternal vitamins A and C were positively associated with infant head circumference and infant weight, respectively, during the first 3 years of life, even after controlling for potential confounding factors. But, maternal oxidative stress was not related to infant growth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effects of maternal vitamin levels on subsequent infant growth during the first 3 years of life necessitate interventions to supplement antioxidative vitamins during pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Office of Policy Development, Seoul Welfare Foundation, Seoul, South Korea ; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Juhee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Ah
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Medical Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Ae
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Medical Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Medical Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hwayoung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Bo-Hyun
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Hee
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: Ewha Clinical Trial Center, Ewha Womans University, School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung Ae
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, College of Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Namsoo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyesook
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
keywords: birth outcome; cohort; infant growth; oxidative stress; pregnancy; vitamins