title: [Current status of smoking and passive smoking among aged 45 to 65 years old females in five cities of China].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the current status of smoking and passive smoking among Chinese females to provide evidence for related strategy development.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 32 720 women aged 45-65 years old who participated in the 2008 to 2010 Chinese Multi-center Women Breast Cancer Screening Project, were used to analyze the prevalence rates of smoking/heavy smoking, daily smoking, smoking cessation, successful smoking cessation, passive smoking, etc.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 913 females, accounted for 2.8% of all the women in the study, had reported the history of smoking. There were significant differences seen regarding the prevalence rates of smoking in different regions (Beijing, 2.8%; Tianjin, 5.9%; Nanchang, 1.7%; Feicheng, 0.9%; Shenyang, 1.8%). The prevalence rates of current smoking, daily smoking, and heavy smoking were 1.8%, 1.0% and 0.2%, respectively. The prevalence rates of smoking and current smoking increased with age but not the prevalence rates of daily smoking and heavy smoking. Among the smokers, the median initiation age of smoking, the median daily cigarette per day, and median year of smoking were 30 years old, 10 cigarette, and 16 years, respectively. And the prevalence rates of smoking cessation and successful smoking cessation were 19.1% and 8.2%. The prevalence rate of passive smoking was 45.7% (12 730/27 874). After combing the number of smokers and the number of passive smokers, the total exposure rate to tobacco was 41.8% (13 670/32 720).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a relatively low level of smoking among Chinese females, so as the rate of smoking cessation. However, passive smoking presented a relatively high level among Chinese females.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
authors.forename: Yubei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
authors.forename: Xueou
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
authors.forename: Fengju
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
authors.forename: Hongji
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
authors.forename: Zhaoxiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Prevention and Cure Center of Breast Disease, Third Hospital of Nanchang.
authors.forename: Yali
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Liaoning Cancer Institute and Hospital.
authors.forename: Tie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Center for Breast Disease, Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital.
authors.forename: Xiangjun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Scientific Research, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute.
authors.forename: Jialin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
authors.forename: Peishan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
authors.forename: Kexin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution