title: Expression of chemokine ligand 18 in stage IA low-grade endometrial cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The identification of novel molecules associated with endometrial cancer (EC) development might offer less invasive surgery, better fertility preservation, and avoidance of unnecessary adjuvant therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Microarray analysis was conducted using fresh surgically-obtained specimens from five EC patients and five cases with benign tumours. Additionally, immunohistochemical studies of the most highly expressed molecules were performed on paraffin-embedded tissues from these patients and others with stage IA, grade 1-2 EC (n=3) with or without (n=7) recurrent disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most highly expressed gene in EC was chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18), with a 35.6-fold change compared to benign tumors. CCL18 expression was observed in tumor cells at the myometrial invasive front in 9 out of 11 tested samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CCL18 expression was positively correlated with malignancy in EC. Further investigation with a larger number of samples or examination of serum CCL18 levels is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Riya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sakane
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan tsuba@hyo-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsubamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kayo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogino
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shibahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirota
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging
chemical_list: C111792:CCL18 protein, human; D019742:Chemokines, CC
keywords: CCL18; early stage; endometrial cancer