title: Potential cardiovascular risk protection of bilirubin in end-stage renal disease patients under hemodialysis.
abstract: We evaluated the potential cardiovascular risk protection of bilirubin in hemodialysis (HD) patients. An enlarged set of studies were evaluated in 191 HD patients, including hematological study, lipid profile, iron metabolism, nutritional, inflammatory markers, and dialysis adequacy. The TA duplication screening in the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1 A1 (UGT1A1) promoter region was also performed. The UGT1A1 genotype frequencies in HD patients were 49.2%, 42.4%, and 8.4% for 6/6, 6/7, and 7/7 genotypes, respectively. Although no difference was found in UGT1A1 genotype distribution between the three tertiles of bilirubin, significant differences were found with increasing bilirubin levels, namely, a decrease in platelet, leukocyte, and lymphocyte counts, transferrin, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), ox-LDL/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, apolipoprotein (Apo) A, Apo B, and interleukin-6 serum levels and a significant increased concentration of hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte count, iron, transferrin saturation, Apo A/Apo B ratio, adiponectin, and paraoxonase 1 serum levels. After adjustment for age these results remained significant. Our data suggest that higher bilirubin levels are associated with beneficial effects in HD patients, by improving lipid profile and reducing the inflammatory grade, which might contribute to increase in iron availability. These results suggest a potential cardiovascular risk protection of bilirubin in HD patients.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal ; Frenesius Medical Care, Nephrocare Maia, SA, Rua Altos 70, Maia, 4470-235 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: do Sameiro-Faria
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohlova
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal ; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal ; Centro Investigação Ciências Saúde, Universidade Beira Interior, Covilhã, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
authors.forename: Petronila
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rocha-Pereira
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Laetitia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal ; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Henrique
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: IBILI, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Azinhaga Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Flávio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Frenesius Medical Care, Nephrocare Maia, SA, Rua Altos 70, Maia, 4470-235 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Vasco
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal ; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Elsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bronze-da-Rocha
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal ; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quintanilha
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal ; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Luís
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Belo
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal ; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Elísio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal ; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santos-Silva
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology*; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D000099148:UGT1A1 Enzyme
chemical_list: D001663:Bilirubin; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase; D000099148:UGT1A1 Enzyme