title: Physical and chemical characterization of Ag-doped Ti coatings produced by magnetron sputtering of modular targets.
abstract: Silver-doped Ti films were produced using a single magnetron sputtering source equipped with a titanium target containing implemented silver modules under variation of bias voltage and substrate temperature. The Ti(Ag) films were characterized regarding their morphology, contact angle, phase composition, silver content and distribution as well as the elution of Ag(+) ions into cell media. SEM and AFM pictures showed that substrate heating during film deposition supported the formation of even and dense surface layers with small roughness values, an effect that could even be enforced, when a substrate bias voltage was applied instead. The deposition of both Ti and Ag was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. ICP-MS and EDX showed a clear correlation between the applied sputtering parameters and the silver content of the coatings. Surface-sensitive XPS measurements revealed that higher substrate temperatures led to an accumulation of Ag in the near-surface region, while the application of a bias voltage had the opposite effect. Additional elution measurements using ICP-MS showed that the release kinetics depended on the amount of silver located at the film surface and hence could be tailored by variation of the sputter parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of the Julius-Maximilians University, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.affiliation: Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Warmuth
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materials Science and Mechanics of Materials, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 15, 85748 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Ewald
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materials Science and Mechanics of Materials, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 15, 85748 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hertl
authors.affiliation: Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Groll
authors.affiliation: Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gbureck
authors.affiliation: Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany. Electronic address: claus.moseke@fmz.uni-wuerzburg.de.
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moseke
mesh_terms: D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D018030:Silver Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003470:Culture Media; D018030:Silver Compounds; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Biomaterial; Physical vapor deposition; Release; Surface functionalization