title: Use of cyclodextrins to increase cytoplasmic cholesterol in rabbit embryos and their impact on live kits derived from vitrified embryos.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low cryotolerance in oocytes and embryos is frequently associated with lipid accumulation in the cytoplasm.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cyclodextrin used as a cholesterol loader to change cytoplasmic cholesterol content of embryos and raise their tolerance to cryopreservation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the first experiment compact morulae-early blastocysts were exposed to CLC (0.11 mM and 0.23 mM cholesterol) for 1 hour. In the second experiment, embryos were exposed to CLC (0.11 mM and 0.23 mM cholesterol) and then vitrified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using both concentrations, cytoplasmic cholesterol content was increased. Vitrified groups demonstrated a lower capacity for embryonic development (in vitro and in vivo) compared to the control groups. Nevertheless, live young were obtained in all groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, we have demonstrated the feasibility of using cyclodextrin as a carrier for cholesterol into rabbit embryo cytoplasm, although further studies are required to clarify the usefulness of CLC use in embryo cryopreservation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Laboratorio de Biotecnologia de la Reproduccion, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain. fmarco@dca.upv.es.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marco-Jimenez
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Laboratorio de Biotecnologia de la Reproduccion, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jimenez-Trigos
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Laboratorio de Biotecnologia de la Reproduccion, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lavara
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Laboratorio de Biotecnologia de la Reproduccion, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Vicente
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001692:Biological Transport; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D019855:Ethylene Glycol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D011247:Pregnancy; D011817:Rabbits; D058989:Vitrification; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; C108732:methyl-beta-cyclodextrin; D002784:Cholesterol; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide