title: In-situ observation and atomic resolution imaging of the ion irradiation induced amorphisation of graphene.
abstract: Ion irradiation has been observed to induce a macroscopic flattening and in-plane shrinkage of graphene sheets without a complete loss of crystallinity. Electron diffraction studies performed during simultaneous in-situ ion irradiation have allowed identification of the fluence at which the graphene sheet loses long-range order. This approach has facilitated complementary ex-situ investigations, allowing the first atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy images of ion-irradiation induced graphene defect structures together with quantitative analysis of defect densities using Raman spectroscopy.
authors.affiliation: 1] School of Materials, University of Manchester, Material Science Centre, Grosvenor Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom [2] School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: C-T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hinks
authors.affiliation: SuperSTEM Laboratory, STFC Daresbury Campus, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury WA4 4AD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Q M
authors.initials: QM
authors.lastname: Ramasse
authors.affiliation: School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Greaves
authors.affiliation: 1] School of Materials, University of Manchester, Material Science Centre, Grosvenor Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom [2].
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bangert
authors.affiliation: School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Donnelly
authors.affiliation: School of Materials, University of Manchester, Material Science Centre, Grosvenor Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Haigh