title: Preclinical and clinical development of inotuzumab-ozogamicin in hematological malignancies.
abstract: Calicheamicin is a DNA-damaging agent that, following intracellular activation, binds to DNA in the minor groove and introduces double-strand DNA breaks, leading to G2/M arrest and subsequent cell death. Importantly, the mechanism of action of calicheamicin is fundamentally different from the tubulin-binding class of cytotoxics targeting the mitotic spindle, which represent the most common class of payloads for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) currently undergoing clinical development. Spindle poisons that target tubulin, including auristatins and maytansines, are most effective against rapidly proliferating cells. In contrast, calicheamicin induces DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis independent of cell cycle progression. Such properties may be advantageous when targeting malignant cells that are not markedly different in their proliferation status compared to normal cells. Here we review calicheamicin conjugates, with a particular focus on the preclinical- and clinical development of inotuzumab ozogamicin, targeting the CD22 antigen expressed on a large variety of hematologic malignancies. In pre-clinical experiments, inotuzumab ozogamicin potently induced tumor regressions in models of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), either alone or in combination with the anti-CD20 antibody Rituximab. Promising anti-tumor responses were observed in early stage clinical trials, where inotuzumab ozogamicin was administered either as single agent or in combination with Rituximab. Consistent with the cell cycle independent mechanism of action of the calicheamicin payload, high rates of complete responses were observed in less aggressive forms of lymphomas, including follicular lymphoma (FL) and relapsed, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Inotuzumab ozogamicin is currently being tested in phase III clinical trials in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Particular focus is dedicated to reviewing the pre-clinical and clinical data generated with this compound in NHL and to outline future focus areas for pre-clinical- and clinical research of inotuzumab ozogamicin, and the calicheamicin class of antibody-drug conjugates more generally.
authors.affiliation: Bioconjugates Discovery and Development, Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY 10965, United States.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shor
authors.affiliation: Bioconjugates Discovery and Development, Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY 10965, United States. Electronic address: hanspeter.gerber@pfizer.com.
authors.forename: Hans-Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Gerber
authors.affiliation: Bioconjugates Discovery and Development, Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY 10965, United States. Electronic address: Puja.sapra@pfizer.com.
authors.forename: Puja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sapra
mesh_terms: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded / Q000187:drug effects; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D018796:Immunoconjugates / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D000080045:Inotuzumab Ozogamicin; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D051918:Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 2 / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D051918:Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 2; D000080045:Inotuzumab Ozogamicin
keywords: Antibody drug conjugate; Cytotoxic compounds; DNA damaging agents; Hematologic malignancies; Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Pharmacology