title: Preventive prospective of triclosan and triclosan-liposomal nanoparticles against experimental infection with a cystogenic ME49 strain of Toxoplasma gondii.
abstract: The preventative effect of triclosan (TS) and TS liposomal nanoparticles was studied on the early establishment of chronic infection with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). Swiss albino mice were orally infected with 10 cysts of avirulent ME49 strain of T. gondii, and 2 weeks later they were orally treated with dual daily doses of 200mg/kg and 120 mg/kg TS and TS liposomes for 30 days; respectively. Effect of TS and TS liposomes was parasitologically and ultrastructurally evaluated, versus infected non-treated control. Their safety was biochemically assessed. Parasitologically, both TS and TS liposomes induced significant reduction in mice mortality, brain parasite burden and infectivity of cysts obtained from the brains of treated mice. Ultrastructurally, scanning electron microscopy of cysts obtained from infected mice treated with either TS or TS liposomes showed surface irregularities, protrusions and depressions. Transmission electron microscopy revealed disintegration of the cyst wall and vacuolation of the bradyzoites with disintegration of plasma membranes of both cysts and bradyzoites whether treated with TS or TS liposomes. Biochemical study reflected the safety of the TS and TS liposomes. Therefore, TS proved an effective, promising and safe preventive drug against early establishment of chronic toxoplasmosis. Loading TS on liposomes marginally enhanced its efficacy against T. gondii cysts yet allowed its use in a lower dose.
authors.affiliation: Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Lobna A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: El-Zawawy
authors.affiliation: Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Doaa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: El-Said
authors.affiliation: Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt. Electronic address: mossallamsh@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Shereen F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Mossallam
authors.affiliation: Medical Bio-Physics Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Heba S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Ramadan
authors.affiliation: Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Salwa S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Younis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000469:parasitology*; D003560:Cysts / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D008081:Liposomes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053758:Nanoparticles; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000187:drug effects*; D014124:Toxoplasmosis, Animal / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014260:Triclosan / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D008081:Liposomes; D014260:Triclosan
keywords: Cysts; Liposomes; ME49 avirulent strain; Toxoplasma gondii; Triclosan