title: Measures of internal lumbar load in professional drivers - the use of a whole-body finite-element model for the evaluation of adverse health effects of multi-axis vibration.
abstract: The present study aimed to (1) employ the method for evaluation of vibration containing multiple shocks according to ISO/CD 2631-5:2014 (Model 1) and DIN SPEC 45697:2012 in a cohort of 537 professional drivers, (2) deliver the results for a re-analysis of epidemiological data obtained in the VIBRISKS study, (3) clarify the extent to which vibration acceleration and individual variables influence risk values, such as the daily compressive dose S(ed) and the risk factor R, and (4) compare the results with in vivo measurements and those obtained in previous studies with similar models. The risk factor R was influenced by the acceleration, lifetime exposure duration, sitting posture, age at the start of exposure and body mass/body mass index in order of decreasing effect. Age and annual and daily exposure duration had only a marginal effect. The daily compressive dose S(ed) and the risk factor R showed weak linear association with the daily vibration exposure A(8) and the vibration dose value VDV. The study revealed high shear forces in the lumbar spine.
  In a re-analysis of an epidemiological study of professional drivers, a software tool available with standards DIN SPEC 45697:2012 and ISO/CD 2631–5:2014 Model 1 was used to calculate the risk to the lumbar spine in terms of daily compressive dose S(ed) and risk factor R. The tool was found to be suitable for risk assessment in a large cohort.
authors.affiliation: a Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Unit for Experimental Research on Occupational Health , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schust
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Menzel
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.forename: Nazim Gizem
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Forta
authors.forename: Iole
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hinz
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bovenzi
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration / Q000009:adverse effects; D000367:Age Factors; D001334:Automobile Driving; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015992:Body Mass Index; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D012984:Software; D013997:Time Factors; D014732:Vibration / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology
keywords: biodynamic; health risk; lumbar spine; whole-body vibration