title: In vitro assessment of 3 dentifrices containing fluoride in preventing demineralization of overdenture abutments and root surfaces.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Caries development under overdentures has been a continuing problem and requires the daily use of fluoride to prevent demineralization.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the effectiveness of dentifrices containing tricalcium phosphate or calcium phosphosilicate in combination with fluoride to prevent the demineralization of overdenture abutments and root surfaces.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 56 caries-free extracted teeth were prepared as overdenture abutments. The teeth were painted with acid-resistant varnish, leaving one 1×4-mm window on occlusal and root surfaces. The teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups: a control group treated with distilled/deionized water only, a group treated with ClinPro 5000, a group treated with ReNew, and a group treated with Prevident 5000 gel. Each tooth was subjected to a demineralizing/remineralizing cycling protocol for 12 days with the appropriate treatment products. The teeth were sectioned longitudinally through both windows. Photomicrographs were made of 3 representative sections from each tooth. A representative section was defined as one that included both windows and was cut from the part of the tooth that had the flattest surface to reduce the edge effect. The depths of the lesions were measured on representative sections from each group. A 1-way MANOVA and a 1-way ANOVA with the post hoc Tukey-Kramer test were used to evaluate the treatment effects on the criterion variables (α=.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total lesion depths of the control teeth on the occlusal surface were not statistically significantly deeper than for the 3 dentifrices (P=.7705). However, all 3 dentifrices had narrower cavitation depths than the control (mean cavitation band depth, 43.59 [ReNew] versus 37.99 [Prevident 5000 gel] versus 36.70 [ClinPro 5000] versus 246.86 [control]) (P<.001). The mean remineralization band depth for ClinPro 5000 was significantly greater than for the other 2 treatment groups (118.03 [ClinPro 5000] versus 107.80 [ReNew] versus 102.28 [Prevident 5000 gel]) (P<.001). On root surfaces, the total lesion depth for the control group was statistically significantly deeper than for the 3 dentifrices (mean total lesion depth, 150.31 [control] versus 82.05 [ReNew] versus 68.10 [ClinPro 5000] versus 56.97 [Prevident 5000 gel]) (P<.001). The data indicated that teeth treated with Prevident 5000 gel had the shallowest total lesion depth and were statistically significantly different from those treated with ReNew and ClinPro 5000. Moreover, teeth treated with ReNew were found to have the largest remineralization band depth, which was statistically significantly different compared with ClinPro 5000 and Prevident 5000 gel (mean remineralization band depth, 49.66 [ReNew] versus 36.14 [ClinPro 5000] versus 23.27 [Prevident 5000 gel]) (P<.001), but no difference was found in cavitation depth of the root lesions between the 3 dentifrices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of tricalcium phosphate or calcium phosphosilicate to fluoride-containing dentifrices (5000 ppm) does not significantly improve their ability to prevent demineralization of the cut dentin surface of overdenture abutments. However, on root surfaces, ReNew, which contains calcium phosphosilicate, was found to improve remineralization of the lesions compared with Prevident 5000 gel or ClinPro 5000.
authors.affiliation: Dental student, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: Zachary S
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Goettsche
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Prosthodontics and Dows Institute for Dental Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa. Electronic address: Ronald-ettinger@uiowa.edu.
authors.forename: Ronald L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Ettinger
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dows Institute for Dental Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wefel
authors.affiliation: Research Specialist, Dows Institute for Dental Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: Mary M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hogan
authors.affiliation: Research Manager, Dows Institute for Dental Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: Jeffery D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Harless
authors.affiliation: Associate Research Scientist, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qian
mesh_terms: D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000044:Dental Abutments; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D003828:Denture, Overlay; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008859:Microscopy, Polarization; D011897:Random Allocation; D012464:Saliva, Artificial / Q000737:chemistry; D017640:Silicates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D014070:Tooth / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D003802:Dentifrices; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D017640:Silicates; C018392:tricalcium phosphate; D005459:Fluorides; C031293:calcium silicate