title: Clinical evaluation of the regenerative potential of EMD and NanoHA in periodontal infrabony defects: a 2-year follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the clinical efficacy of four different surgical techniques in promoting periodontal regeneration in patients with infrabony defects: open flap debridement, application of enamel matrix derivatives (EMD), nanohydroxyapatite (nanoHA) application, and combined nanoHA and EMD application. Probing attachment level (PAL), pocket depth (PD), and position of gingival margin at completion of therapy (REC) were measured.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from 64 healthy patients (34 women and 30 men, mean age 37,7 years). Clinical indices were measured by a calibrated examiner at baseline and at 12, 18, and 24 months. The values obtained for each treatment were compared using nonparametric tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All treatments resulted in a tendency toward PD reduction over time, with improvements in REC and PAL. The differences in PD, REC, and PAL values at baseline compared with values after 12, 18, and 24 months were statistically significant for all treatments. Statistically significant differences in PAL and PD were detected between nanoHA and nanoHA + EMD at 12, 18, and 24 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, EMD and nanoHA used together in patients with infrabony periodontal lesions had better clinical efficacy than nanoHA alone, EMD alone, or open flap debridement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Caserta 6, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6268-1863
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pilloni
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Caserta 6, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3635-281X
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saccucci
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Caserta 6, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8039-7022
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Carlo
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Caserta 6, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Blerina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zeza
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Caserta 6, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ambrosca
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paolantonio
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sammartino
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Caserta 6, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mongardini
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Caserta 6, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2679-7607
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polimeni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010519:Periodontium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D011859:Radiography; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins; C109069:enamel matrix proteins; D017886:Durapatite