title: Higher glucose level can enhance the H. pylori adhesion and virulence related with type IV secretion system in AGS cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperglycemia increases the risk of gastric cancer in H. pylori-infected patients. High glucose could increase endothelial permeability and cancer-associated signaling. These suggest high glucose may affect H. pylori or its infected status.We used two strains to investigate whether H. pylori growth, viability, adhesion and CagA-phosphorylation level in the infected-AGS cells were influenced by glucose concentration (100, 150, and 200 mg/dL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The growth curves of both strains in 200 mg/dL of glucose were maintained at the highest optimal density after 48 h and the best viability of both strains were retained in the same glucose condition at 72 h. Furthermore, adhesion enhancement of H. pylori was significantly higher in 200 mg/dL of glucose as compared to that in 100 and 150 mg/dL (p < 0.05). CagA protein also increased in higher glucose condition. The cell-associated CagA and phosphorylated-CagA was significantly increased in 150 and 200 mg/dL of glucose concentrations as compared to that of 100 mg/dL (p < 0.05), which were found to be dose-dependent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher glucose could maintain H. pylori growth and viability after 48 h. H. pylori adhesion and CagA increased to further facilitate the enhancement of cell-associated CagA and phosphorylated CagA in higher glucose conditions.
authors.forename: Shew-Meei
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.forename: Hsin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Cheng-Ye
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Yao-Jong
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jiunn-Jong
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. sheubs@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Bor-Shyang
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Sheu
mesh_terms: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000378:metabolism; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D058947:Bacterial Secretion Systems / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D058947:Bacterial Secretion Systems; D013549:Sweetening Agents; C080866:cagA protein, Helicobacter pylori; D005947:Glucose