title: Prediabetes and associated disorders.
abstract: Prediabetes represents an elevation of plasma glucose above the normal range but below that of clinical diabetes. Prediabetes includes individuals with IFG, IGT, IFG with IGT and elevated HbA1c levels. Insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction are characteristic of this disorder. The diagnosis of prediabetesis is vital as both IFG and IGT are indeed well-known risk factors for type 2 diabetes with a greater risk in the presence of combined IFG and IGT. Furthermore, as will be illustrated in this review, prediabetes is associated with associated disorders typically only considered in with established diabetes. These include cardiovascular disease, periodontal disease, cognitive dysfunction, microvascular disease, blood pressure abnormalities, obstructive sleep apnea, low testosterone, metabolic syndrome, various biomarkers, fatty liver disease, and cancer. As the vast majority of individuals with prediabetes are unaware of their diagnosis, it is therefore vital that the associated conditions are identified, particularly in the presence of mild hyperglycemia, so they may benefit from early intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Clinic Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buysschaert
authors.forename: José Luís
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bergman
authors.forename: Avni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Jaqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lonier
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D015897:Comorbidity; D006801:Humans; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers