title: Effects of a community-based weight loss intervention on adipose tissue circulating factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity is associated with metabolic dysfunctions, which may be mediated by changes in adipose tissue signaling factors. These molecules are denoted as Adipose Tissue Generated Mediators of CardioVascular Risk (ATGMCVR) here, and include leptin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1). This study examined the effect of a weight loss program on ATGMCVR in obese adults with prediabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were randomized to usual care (UC; n=15) or lifestyle weight loss groups (LWL; n=15). LWL was a community-based weight loss intervention to promote physical activity and healthy eating. ATGMCVR at 1-year were compared between groups by analysis of covariance; baseline value of the mediator was the covariate. Baseline means for ATGMCVR were compared between those with (n=21) and without (n=9) metabolic syndrome (MetS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, subjects were 58±9 (SD) years, 70% female, with a BMI of 34±4kg/m(2). One-year weight loss (%) was 7.8±6.0% for LWL and 1.7±4.5% for UC. Group differences at 1-year were noted (adjusted means [95%CI] for UC and LWL, respectively) for adiponectin (8526.3 [7397.7, 9827]; 10,870.9 [9432.0, 12,529.3]ng/ml; p=0.02), leptin (30.4 [26.1, 35.4]; 23.7 [20.3, 27.5]ng/ml; p=0.02), IL-6 (0.4 [0.3, 0.5]; 0.2 [0.1, 0.2] pg/ml; p=0.001), and PAI-1 (50 [42.7, 58.7]; 36.2 [30.8, 42.4]pg/ml; p=0.01). No differences in baseline ATGMCVR were seen between subjects with and without MetS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest ATGMCVR can be improved with weight loss; larger studies are needed to determine if improvements in metabolic dysfunction are related to changes in ATGMCVR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Exercise Science, and Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, United States. Electronic address: millergd@wfu.edu.
authors.forename: Gary D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Isom
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States.
authors.forename: Timothy M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States.
authors.forename: Mara Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Vitolins
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blackwell
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and The Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States.
authors.forename: K Bridget
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Brosnihan
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and The Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States.
authors.forename: Debra I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Diz
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Exercise Science, and Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, United States.
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Katula
authors.affiliation: Colorado School of Public Health, United States.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goff
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003151:Community Health Centers; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000517:prevention & control; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D061217:Weight Reduction Programs
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D020738:Leptin; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Adipose tissue; Diabetes; Metabolic syndrome; Obesity; Prediabetes; Weight loss