title: Determination of trace elements in medicinal activated charcoal using slurry sampling electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with low vaporization temperature.
abstract: The determination of Cd, Sb, Te, Hg, Tl and Pb in medicinal activated charcoal by ultrasonic slurry sampling electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (USS-ETV-ICP-MS) was described. EDTA was used as the modifier to enhance the volatility of elements studied. The influences of instrument operating conditions and slurry preparation on the ion signals were studied. A relatively low vaporization temperature of 1000°C was used, which separated the analyte from the major matrix components that improved ion signals. The method has been applied to determine Cd, Sb, Te, Hg, Tl and Pb in an NIST SRM 1633b Coal Fly Ash reference material and three brands of medicinal activated charcoal capsules using isotope dilution and standard addition calibration methods. The concentrations that are in ng g(-1) levels were in good agreement between different calibration methods. The precision between sample replicates was better than 7% with USS-ETV-ICP-MS technique. The method detection limit estimated from standard addition curves was 0.4, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.04 and 0.9 ng g(-1) for Cd, Sb, Te, Hg, Tl and Pb, respectively, in original medicinal activated charcoal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Chou
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan. Electronic address: sjjiang@faculty.nsysu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Shiuh-Jen
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Compositional Characterisation of Materials (CCCM), Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Sahayam
mesh_terms: D053000:Analytic Sample Preparation Methods / Q000379:methods*; D002606:Charcoal / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D060729:Coal Ash / Q000737:chemistry*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D060729:Coal Ash; D014131:Trace Elements; D002606:Charcoal
keywords: Electrothermal vaporization; Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; Medicinal activated charcoal; Multielement determination; Ultrasonic slurry sampling