title: Pictorial review of intrathoracic manifestations of progressive systemic sclerosis.
abstract: Intra-thoracic manifestations of progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) are not well known particularly the imaging features, which forms the basis of accurate and timely diagnosis. The aim of this study is to familiarize the physicians and radiologists with these features. The diagnosis can remain elusive because of the non-specific nature of symptoms which mimic many common conditions. Thus, the diagnosis of PSS can be missed leading to continuous morbidity if the correct imaging is not pursued. The authors examined the records of rheumatology patient referrals of over a 5 year period. A hundred and seventy patients with systemic sclerosis and mixed connective tissue disorders were chosen for detailed study of the imaging available, which form the basis of this review. The images included conventional chest radiographs, digital radiographs computed radiography (CT) and high resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Where applicable computed pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and radionuclide scans were also interrogated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, King Saud University For Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hamdan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Al-Jahdali
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Imaging Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Prabhakar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rajiah
authors.affiliation: North Manchester General Hospital and Clinical Director, Acute Pennine NHS Trust, Crumpsal, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.affiliation: North Manchester General Hospital and Clinical Director, Acute Pennine NHS Trust, Crumpsal, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Shyam Sunder
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Koteyar
authors.affiliation: North Manchester General Hospital and Clinical Director, Acute Pennine NHS Trust, Crumpsal, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Ali Nawaz
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Khan
keywords: Imaging; mixed connective tissue disorders; progressive systemic sclerosis; systemic sclerosis