title: Placebo, nocebo, and learning mechanisms.
abstract: Recent substantial laboratory and theoretical research hints for different learning mechanisms regulating the formation of placebo and nocebo responses. Moreover, psychological and biological variants may play a role as modulators of learning mechanisms underlying placebo and nocebo responses. In this chapter, we present pioneering and recent human and nonhuman research that has impressively increased our knowledge of learning mechanisms in the context of placebo and nocebo effects across different physiological processes and pathological conditions.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Building 10, Room 1C154, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1156, USA, luana.colloca@nih.gov.
authors.forename: Luana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Colloca
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003142:Communication; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D064786:Nocebo Effect; D015990:Placebo Effect