title: Flexible ureterorenoscopy for the treatment of kidney stone within pelvic ectopic kidney.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the outcomes of flexible ureterorenoscopy (F-URS) and laser lithotripsy for the treatment of calculi within pelvic ectopic kidney (PEK).
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 26 patients with calculi in PEK treated with F-URS in 5 referral hospitals between 2010 and 2013. Patient demographics and stone characteristics (age, sex, body mass index, stone size, location, history of shock wave lithotripsy or kidney surgery), and perioperative measures (duration of operation, fluoroscopic imaging, and hospitalization and success and complication rates) were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 26 patients with mean age of 41.1 ± 15.8 years (7-72 years) were included in the study. The mean stone size was 17.0 ± 5.1 mm (10-28 mm). The mean procedure and fluoroscopy times were calculated as 52.1 ± 27.7 minutes (30-120 minutes) and 54.8 ± 48.9 seconds (10-180 seconds), respectively. The mean length of hospital stay was 2.7 ± 1.8 days (1-9 days). Treatment was deemed successful in 22 patients (84.6%). Ureteroscopy failed in 4 patients (15.4%) due to impaired passage of fragments (n = 3) or inability to reach the stone secondary to the location in an isolated lower calyx (n = 1). Minor postoperative complications were observed in 5 patients (19.2%; persistent hematuria [n = 1], fever [n = 1], renal colic [n = 2], and urinary tract infection [n = 1]). No severe complications or mortality occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that F-URS is a safe and effective minimally invasive treatment modality for small- and medium-sized stones in PEK.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kecioren Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Omer Faruk
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Bozkurt
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI. Electronic address: akadirtepeler@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Abdulkadir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tepeler
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sninsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kecioren Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ekrem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozyuvali
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tevfik
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ziypak
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gokhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Atis
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mansur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daggulli
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kecioren Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Berkan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Resorlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Turhan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Caskurlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Unsal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002828:Choristoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D007682:Kidney Pelvis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061214:Patient Safety; D018583:Pliability; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020709:Ureteroscopes; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult