title: The effect of proton pump inhibitors on glycated hemoglobin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gastrin increases the growth and neogenesis of the islets of Langerhans. Oral proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) increase the circulating gastrin level in animals and humans, but the therapeutic benefit of PPIs for diabetes mellitus has not been resolved. We examined whether treatment with a PPI for ≥2 months affected the glycated hemoglobin (A1C) level in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The electronic medical records of patients treated at the Busan Paik Hospital in South Korea were examined. The primary outcome measure was the change in A1C before and after PPI treatment for ≥2 months. We also tested if the primary outcome measure was affected by sex, age, duration of diabetes, body mass index, PPI molecule, duration of treatment with PPI or concurrent therapy with other antidiabetes agents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 43 patients (17 men and 26 women) were studied (mean age 63.8 years). Patients were treated with a PPI for a mean of 180 days. The A1C levels before and after treatment were not significantly different (6.86%±1.10% and 6.77%±1.07%, respectively; p=0.406). Metformin monotherapy did not lower A1C levels as compared with a combination therapy including metformin and antidiabetes medication not including metformin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proton pump inhibitor treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes did not reduce A1C levels. The data of this study were obtained from a retrospective chart review and included a small number of subjects. Furthermore, large randomized controlled studies are needed to define the effect of PPIs for type 2 patients with diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Trial Centre, Inje University, Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Minkyung
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Su Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: You Jeong
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Ju
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Kyoon
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Nyun
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea. Electronic address: koma911@naver.com.
authors.forename: Min Jeong
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Soon Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Byoung Doo
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005755:Gastrins / Q000097:blood*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005755:Gastrins; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors
keywords: A1C; A1c; diabète de type 2; gastrin; gastrine; inhibiteur de la pompe à protons; proton pump inhibitor; type 2 diabetes