title: Effect of Control-released Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Incorporated in β-Tricalcium Phosphate for Murine Cranial Model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  β-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is used clinically as a bone substitute, but complete osteoinduction is slow. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is important in bone regeneration, but the biological effects are very limited because of the short half-life of the free form. Incorporation in gelatin allows slow release of growth factors during degradation. The present study evaluated whether control-released bFGF incorporated in β-TCP can promote bone regeneration in a murine cranial defect model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bilateral cranial defects of 4 mm in diameter were made in 10-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats treated as follows: group 1, 20 μl saline as control; group 2, β-TCP disk in 20 μl saline; group 3, β-TCP disk in 50 μg bFGF solution; and group 4, β-TCP disk in 50 μg bFGF-containing gelatin hydrogel (n = 6 each). Histological and imaging analyses were performed at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The computed tomography value was lower in groups 3 and 4, whereas the rate of osteogenesis was higher histologically in group 4 than in the other groups. The appearance of tartrate-resistant acid phosphate-positive cells and osteocalcin-positive cells and disappearance of osteopontin-positive cells occurred earlier in group 4 than in the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that control-released bFGF incorporated in β-TCP can accelerate bone regeneration in the murine cranial defect model and may be promising for the clinical treatment of cranial defects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Azusa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tajima
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Morikuni
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tobita
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Rica
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tabata
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mizuno