title: Infraorbital nerve block for isolated orbital floor fractures repair: review of 135 consecutive cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Orbital blowout fractures can be managed by several surgical specialties including plastic and maxillofacial surgery, otolaryngology, and ophthalmology. Recommendations for surgical fracture repair depend on a combination of clinical and imaging studies to evaluate muscle/nerve entrapment and periorbital tissue herniation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The aim of this study was to verify the applicability of regional anesthesia when repairing orbital floor fractures. A retrospective chart review was performed for isolated orbital floor fractures treated at the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery in Florence between May 2011 and July 2012. The study included 135 patients who met the inclusion criteria: 96 subjects were male (71%) and 39 were female (29%). The mean age was 45.3 years, ranging from 16 to 77 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results revealed that isolated anterior orbital floor fractures can be safely repaired under regional and local anesthesia. Regional and local anesthesia should be combined with intravenous sedation when the fracture involves the posterior floor. The surgical outcome was comparable to the outcome achieved under general anesthesia. There was a lower rate of surgical revisions due to concealed malposition or entrapment of the inferior rectus muscle (19% vs 22%). However, this result was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  THERE ARE SEVERAL ADVANTAGES TO SURGICALLY REPAIRING ISOLATED ORBITAL FLOOR FRACTURES UNDER REGIONAL AND LOCAL ANESTHESIA THAT INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: surgeons can check the surgical outcome (enophthalmos and extrinsic ocular muscles function) intraoperatively, thereby reducing the reoperation rate; patient discomfort due to general anesthesia is eliminated; and the hospital stay is reduced, thus decreasing overall healthcare costs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, CTO-AOUC, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spinelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, CTO-AOUC, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rocchetta
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, CTO-AOUC, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carnevali
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, CTO-AOUC, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, CTO-AOUC, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, CTO-AOUC, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Tommaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Agostini