title: The spray-drying process is sufficient to inactivate infectious porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in plasma.
abstract: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is considered an emergent pathogen associated with high economic losses in many pig rearing areas. Recently it has been suggested that PEDV could be transmitted to naïve pig populations through inclusion of spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) into the nursery diet which led to a ban of SDPP in several areas in North America and Europe. To determine the effect of spray-drying on PEDV infectivity, 3-week-old pigs were intragastrically inoculated with (1) raw porcine plasma spiked with PEDV (RAW-PEDV-CONTROL), (2) porcine plasma spiked with PEDV and then spray dried (SD-PEDV-CONTROL), (3) raw plasma from PEDV infected pigs (RAW-SICK), (4) spray-dried plasma from PEDV infected pigs (SD-SICK), or (5) spray-dried plasma from PEDV negative pigs (SD-NEG-CONTROL). For the spray-drying process, a tabletop spray-dryer with industry-like settings for inlet and outlet temperatures was used. In the RAW-PEDV-CONTROL group, PEDV RNA was present in feces at day post infection (dpi) 3 and the pigs seroconverted by dpi 14. In contrast, PEDV RNA in feces was not detected in any of the pigs in the other groups including the SD-PEDV-CONTROL group and none of the pigs had seroconverted by termination of the project at dpi 28. This work provides direct evidence that the experimental spray-drying process used in this study was effective in inactivating infectious PEDV in the plasma. Additionally, plasma collected from PEDV infected pigs at peak disease did not contain infectious PEDV. These findings suggest that the risk for PEDV transmission through commercially produced SDPP is minimal.
authors.affiliation: The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Priscilla F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Gerber
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Chao-Ting
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Jianqiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Halbur
authors.affiliation: The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG Scotland, UK; Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA. Electronic address: tanja.opriessnig@roslin.ed.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Opriessnig
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D003890:Desiccation / Q000379:methods*; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D010949:Plasma / Q000821:virology; D053485:Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology*; D038301:Virus Inactivation
keywords: Inactivation; Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV); Spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP); Transmission, RT-PCR