title: Comparing the effects of swaddled and conventional bathing methods on body temperature and crying duration in premature infants: a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Maintaining body temperature and reducing stress are important challenges in bathing preterm infants. Swaddle bathing, which includes in itself the principles of developmental care, can be used as a low-stress and appropriate bathing method for premature infants. Given the limitations of the researches carried out on this bathing method, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effects of swaddled and conventional bathing methods on body temperature and crying duration in premature infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this randomized clinical trial study, 50 premature infants hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) who were eligible for the study were divided by random allocation into two experimental and control groups. The infants in the experimental group were bathed using the swaddle bathing method and the infants in the control group were bathed using the conventional bathing method. Body temperature was measured 10 minutes before and 10 minutes after the bath. To record the crying, the infants' faces were filmed during the bath. The data were analyzed using chi-squared test, independent t-test, paired t-test and Mann-Whitney U test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean temperature loss was significantly less in the swaddle-bathed newborns compared to the conventionally-bathed newborns. Furthermore, crying time was significantly less in the experimental group than in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the positive effect of swaddled bathing in maintaining body temperature and reducing stress, it can be used as an appropriate bathing method in NICU.
authors.affiliation: Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mitra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Edraki
authors.affiliation: Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paran
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Sedigheh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Montaseri
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mostajab
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Razavi Nejad
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Zohre
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Montaseri
keywords: Bath; Body temperature; Crying; Infant; Premature