title: Influence of energy drink ingredients on mood and cognitive performance.
abstract: Sales of energy products have grown enormously in recent years. Manufacturers claim that the products, in the form of drinks, shots, supplements, and gels, enhance physical and cognitive performance, while users believe the products promote concentration, alertness, and fun. Most of these products contain caffeine, a mild psychostimulant, as their foremost active ingredient. However, they also contain additional ingredients, e.g., carbohydrates, amino acids, herbal extracts, vitamins, and minerals, often in unspecified amounts and labeled as an "energy blend." It is not clear whether these additional ingredients provide any physical or cognitive enhancement beyond that provided by caffeine alone. This article reviews the available empirical data on the interactive effects of these ingredients and caffeine on sleep and cognitive performance and suggests objectives for future study.
authors.affiliation: The University of Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Childs
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects*; D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects*; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D061215:Energy Drinks; D006801:Humans; D058573:Performance-Enhancing Substances / Q000494:pharmacology; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D058573:Performance-Enhancing Substances; D002110:Caffeine
keywords: attention; cognition; energy drink; memory; mood