title: In Vivo Imaging and Quantification of Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Uptake and Biodistribution.
abstract: Recent advances in nanotechnology have allowed for the effective use of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) for cancer imaging and therapy. When activated by an alternating magnetic field (AMF), intra-tumoral IONPs have been effective at controlling tumor growth in rodent models. To accurately plan and assess IONP-based therapies in clinical patients, noninvasive and quantitative imaging technique for the assessment of IONP uptake and biodistribution will be necessary. Proven techniques such as confocal, light and electron microscopy, histochemical iron staining, ICP-MS, fluorescent labeled mNPs and magnetic spectroscopy of Brownian motion (MSB), are being used to assess and quantify IONPsin vitroand inex vivotissues. However, a proven noninvasivein vivoIONP imaging technique has not yet been developed. In this study we have demonstrated the shortcomings of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for effectively observing and quantifying iron/IONP concentrations in the clinical setting. Despite the poor outcomes of CT and standard MR sequences in the therapeutic concentration range, ultra-short T2 MRI methods such as,Sweep Imaging With Fourier Transformation(SWIFT), provide a positive iron contrast enhancement and a reduced signal to noise ratio. Ongoing software development and phantom andin vivostudies, will further optimize this technique, providing accurate, clinically-relevant IONP biodistribution information.
authors.affiliation: Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, 8000 Cummings Hall, Hanover, NH, USA 03755 ; Dartmouth Medical School (Departments of Surgery, Radiation Oncology and Radiology), 1 Rope Ferry Rd., Hanover, NH, USA 03755.
authors.forename: P Jack
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hoopes
authors.affiliation: Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, 8000 Cummings Hall, Hanover, NH, USA 03755.
authors.forename: Alicia A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Petryk
authors.affiliation: Dartmouth Medical School (Departments of Surgery, Radiation Oncology and Radiology), 1 Rope Ferry Rd., Hanover, NH, USA 03755.
authors.forename: Barjor
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gimi
authors.affiliation: Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, 8000 Cummings Hall, Hanover, NH, USA 03755 ; Dartmouth Medical School (Departments of Surgery, Radiation Oncology and Radiology), 1 Rope Ferry Rd., Hanover, NH, USA 03755.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Giustini
authors.affiliation: Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, 8000 Cummings Hall, Hanover, NH, USA 03755 ; Dartmouth Medical School (Departments of Surgery, Radiation Oncology and Radiology), 1 Rope Ferry Rd., Hanover, NH, USA 03755.
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA 55455 ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 312 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA 55455.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bischof
authors.affiliation: Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, 2021 Sixth St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA 55455.
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chamberlain
authors.affiliation: Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, 2021 Sixth St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA 55455 ; Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA 55455.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garwood
keywords: MRI; SWIFT; hyperthermia; iron oxide; magnetic nanoparticle