title: Clinical and biochemical analysis of acute paint thinner intoxication in adults: a retrospective descriptive study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Paint thinner contains a mixture of various aromatic hydrocarbons. A few studies have reported biochemical abnormalities and clinical symptoms of paint thinner intoxication among adult patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to design a retrospective descriptive study to evaluate clinical and laboratory biochemistry abnormalities due to paint thinner intoxication among adult patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained by using questionnaires from paint thinner-intoxicated patients recruited at the Loghman-Hakim General Teaching Hospital Poison Center.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical and paraclinical data from a total of 37 patients, 24 males (64.86%) and 13 females (35.14%) with the mean age of 34.35 ± 14.15 years and mode of 22 years, was obtained and analyzed. Patients' ages ranged between 15 and 70 years. The estimated mean consumed dose was 246.70 ± 390.72 ml with a mode of 60 ml (range of 1-1500 ml). Nausea, vomiting, asthma, sore throat, stomach ache, drowsiness, dizziness, agitation, cough and diarrhea were the most frequent clinical features, respectively. Reported tissue damage biomarkers were alkaline phosphatase (ALP, 233.84 ± 122.06) and lactate dehydrogenase enzymes (LDH, 749.33 ± 471.03 IU/l). They reflected development of liver and pulmonary toxicities. Arterial blood gas (ABG) showed acidosis without hypoxia in adult paint thinner-intoxicated patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Focusing on biochemical abnormalities and clinical toxicity symptoms is essential for screening organs in paint thinner toxicity. In addition, they provide good information for physicians/clinical toxicologists to perform appropriate conservative treatments in adult paint thinner-intoxicated patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran .
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Rahimi
authors.forename: Khosrow
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Agin
authors.forename: Shahin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shadnia
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hassanian-Moghaddam
authors.forename: Mohammad Bagher
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Oghazian
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D005260:Female; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000506:poisoning*; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011041:Poisoning / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012997:Solvents / Q000506:poisoning*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D012997:Solvents
keywords: Acidosis; aromatic hydrocarbons; clinical features; tissue damage’s biomarkers