title: Cellular and Molecular Mediators of Intestinal Fibrosis.
abstract: Intestinal fibrosis is a major complication of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and although inflammation is necessary for its development, it would appear that it plays a minor role in its progression as anti-inflammatory treatments in IBD do not prevent fibrosis once it has started. The processes that regulate fibrosis would thus appear to be distinct from those regulating inflammation and, therefore, a detailed understanding of these pathways is vital to the development of anti-fibrogenic strategies. There have been several recent reviews exploring what is known, and what remains unknown, about the development of intestinal fibrosis. This review is designed to add to this literature but with a focus on the cellular components that are involved in the development of fibrogenesis and the major molecular mediators that impact on these cells. The aim is to heighten the understanding of the factors involved in intestinal fibrogenesis so that detailed research can be encouraged in order to advance the processes that could lead to effective treatments.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, WA, Australia.|University Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Fremantle Hospital, Freemantle, WA, Australia.
authors.forename: Ian C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Lawrance
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rogler
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Ethnikon and Kapodistriakon University of Athens, Laikon Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Giorgos
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bamias
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.|Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Breynaert
authors.affiliation: Research Group of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Artic University of Norway and University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Florholmen
authors.affiliation: General Surgery Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pellino
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Tel-Aviv Souraski Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Shimon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reif
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health and Medical Research-INSERM, Unit U995, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Speca
authors.affiliation: Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Latella
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001343:Autophagy; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D005355:Fibrosis; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007422:Intestines / Q000473:pathology*; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000378:metabolism; D058628:Myofibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D020286:Pericytes
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
keywords: chemokine; extracellular matrix; fibroblast; growth factor; inflammatory bowel disease; interleukin; intestinal fibrosis; myofibroblast