title: The impact of hypertonic and normal saline in gut reperfusion after ischemia in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the effect of two different saline solutions on the mechanisms of injury after intestinal ischemia: oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar rats underwent transient superior mesenteric artery occlusion and were studied for 6 hours after reperfusion. After randomization, the animals were divided into four groups: Sham; Hypertonic Saline, in which they received infusion of 4 mL/kg body weight of 7.5% hypertonic saline; Saline, in which they received infusion of 33 mL/kg body weight of 0.9% saline; and Non Treatment. The infusion was performed immediately prior to the reperfusion. The plasma concentrations of interleukin 6 and interleukin 10 were measured. Tissue samples (lung, liver, and intestine) were collected for malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, and interleukin measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The animals that received infusions (Hypertonic Saline and Saline) showed lower levels of tissue malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, interleukin 6, and interleukin 10 compared with the Non Treatment group. The plasma concentrations of interleukin 6 and interleukin 10 were higher in the animals treated with 7.5% hypertonic saline compared with Saline and Non Treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this model of transient intestinal ischemia, the adequate maintenance of intravascular volume decreased oxidative stress and the synthesis of inflammatory markers. Both 7.5% Hypertonic Saline and Saline attenuated the deleterious effects observed after intestinal ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Departamento Clínico, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Wilson Kohama
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Chimabucuro
authors.affiliation: Departamento Clínico, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Bomfim Alves
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: da Silva Junior
authors.affiliation: Departamento Clínico, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Ana Iochabel Soares
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Moretti
authors.affiliation: Departamento Clínico, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Irineu Tadeu
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Velasco
authors.affiliation: Departamento Clínico, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Ester Correia Sarmento
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Rios
authors.affiliation: Departamento Clínico, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Francisco Garcia
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Soriano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D007511:Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007378:Interleukins; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D009195:Peroxidase