title: Effects of incentives, age, and behavior on brain activation during inhibitory control: a longitudinal fMRI study.
abstract: We investigated changes in brain function supporting inhibitory control under age-controlled incentivized conditions, separating age- and performance-related activation in an accelerated longitudinal design including 10- to 22-year-olds. Better inhibitory control correlated with striatal activation during neutral trials, while Age X Behavior interactions in the striatum indicated that in the absence of extrinsic incentives, younger subjects with greater reward circuitry activation successfully engage in greater inhibitory control. Age was negatively correlated with ventral amygdala activation during Loss trials, suggesting that amygdala function more strongly mediates bottom-up processing earlier in development when controlling the negative aspects of incentives to support inhibitory control. Together, these results indicate that with development, reward-modulated cognitive control may be supported by incentive processing transitions in the amygdala, and from facilitative to obstructive striatal function during inhibitory control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, United States. Electronic address: paulsendavidjay@gmail.com.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Paulsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, United States.
authors.forename: Michael N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Hallquist
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, United States.
authors.forename: Charles F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Geier
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, United States.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Luna
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000679:Amygdala / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D012201:Reward; D012919:Social Behavior; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adolescent; Antisaccade; Development; Inhibitory control; Motivation; Reward