title: Maternal diet during early childhood, but not pregnancy, predicts diet quality and fruit and vegetable acceptance in offspring.
abstract: Studies have identified prenatal flavour exposure as a determinant of taste preferences in infants; however, these studies have focused on relatively small samples and limited flavours. As many parents struggle with getting children to accept a variety of nutritious foods, a study of the factors influencing food acceptance is warranted. The objective of this study was to determine whether exposure to a wider variety of fruit and vegetables and overall higher diet quality in utero results in acceptance of a greater variety of these foods and better diet quality for offspring during childhood. This study is a secondary data analysis of pregnant women (n = 52) and their resulting offspring recruited for the Women and Their Children's Health study in NSW, Australia. Dietary intake of mothers and children was measured using food frequency questionnaires. Diet quality and vegetable and fruit variety were calculated using the Australian Recommended Food Score and the Australian Child and Adolescent Recommended Food Score. Associations between maternal and child diet quality and variety were assessed using Pearson's correlations and the total effect of in utero maternal pregnancy diet on childhood diet was decomposed into direct and indirect effect using mediation analysis. Maternal pregnancy and post-natal diet were both correlated with child diet for overall diet quality and fruit and vegetable variety (P < 0.001). Mediation analyses showed that the indirect effect of maternal pregnancy diet on child diet was mediated through maternal post-natal diet, particularly for fruit (P = 0.045) and vegetables (P = 0.055). Nutrition intervention should therefore be aimed at improving diet quality and variety in mothers with young children, in order to subsequently improve eating habits of offspring.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia.|Gomeroi gaaynggal centre, The University of Newcastle, Tamworth, New South Wales, 2340, Australia.
authors.forename: Amy M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ashman
authors.affiliation: Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia.
authors.forename: Clare E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia.
authors.forename: Alexis J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hure
authors.affiliation: CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Quebec, H3T 1C5, Canada.
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Design, IT and Statistical Services, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Rankin Park, New South Wales, 2305, Australia.|School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oldmeadow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002755:Choice Behavior; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000523:psychology*; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D011181:Postnatal Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013649:Taste; D014675:Vegetables; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: child; diet quality; fruit; pregnancy; variety; vegetable