title: T cell memory. Skin-resident memory CD8⁺ T cells trigger a state of tissue-wide pathogen alert.
abstract: After an infection, pathogen-specific tissue-resident memory T cells (T(RM) cells) persist in nonlymphoid tissues to provide rapid control upon reinfection, and vaccination strategies that create T(RM) cell pools at sites of pathogen entry are therefore attractive. However, it is not well understood how T(RM) cells provide such pathogen protection. Here, we demonstrate that activated T(RM) cells in mouse skin profoundly alter the local tissue environment by inducing a number of broadly active antiviral and antibacterial genes. This "pathogen alert" allows skin T(RM) cells to protect against an antigenically unrelated virus. These data describe a mechanism by which tissue-resident memory CD8(+) T cells protect previously infected sites that is rapid, amplifies the activation of a small number of cells into an organ-wide response, and has the capacity to control escape variants.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ariotti
authors.affiliation: Division of Biological Stress Response, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hogenbirk
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Feline E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Dijkgraaf
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lindy L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mirjam E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hoekstra
authors.affiliation: Experimental Animal Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ji-Ying
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Division of Biological Stress Response, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Haanen
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. t.schumacher@nki.nl.
authors.forename: Ton N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Schumacher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D007156:Immunologic Memory / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D012867:Skin / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D059467:Transcriptome