title: Chemopreventive potential of Apium leptophyllum (Pers.) against DMBA induced skin carcinogenesis model by modulatory influence on biochemical and antioxidant biomarkers in Swiss mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study was designed to investigate the chemopreventive potential of flavonoidal fractions of Apium leptophyllum fruits (FFALF) on Swiss mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Skin tumor or papilloma was developed by topical application of DMBA (25 μg in 0.1 ml acetone) on intrascapular region of mice, twice weekly for 8 weeks. The animals were divided into six groups: Group I (vehicle control); group II (FFALF control, 5 mg/kg); group III (carcinogenic control, DMBA treated initially for 8 weeks); and group IV, V and VI as pre-treated group (FFALF 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg respectively for 16 weeks along with DMBA treatment). After the 16(th) week of treatment; the tumor morphology, skin histopathology, and biochemical and antioxidant biomarkers were measured and compared with carcinogenic control as well as vehicle control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The co-administration of FFALF with DMBA-treated groups showed significant (P ≤ 0.001) prevention against skin papilloma and normalized the status of lipid peroxidation with antioxidant biomarkers in a dose-dependent manner as compared to carcinogenic control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, the present study suggests that the FFALF is non-carcinogenic and has chemopreventive potential on DMBA-induced carcinogenesis in mouse, which may be due to the modulation of cutaneous lipid peroxidation or enhancement of total antioxidant capacity.
authors.affiliation: NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: Himanshu Bhusan
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Sahoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, NIMS Medical College, NIMS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: Dev Das
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Santani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Vedica College of Pharmacy, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sagar
mesh_terms: D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D019661:Apiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005638:Fruit; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010212:Papilloma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D002273:Carcinogens; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
keywords: Apium leptophyllum; DMBA; antioxidant biomarker; chemoprevention; skin papilloma