title: Open rhinoplasty: influence of incisions, alar resection, and columellar strut on final appearance of the tip.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study is to analyze scientifically the results of a rhinoplasty is a difficult task because of the multiplicity of surgical procedures and the subjective nature of the nose's beauty. Nevertheless, we wanted to evaluate open rhinoplasty by relying on objective and subjective criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2004 to 2011, a total of 155 patients underwent open septorhinoplasty at our hospital. After excluding patients lost to follow-up and those who underwent orthognathic surgery, 55 patients were included in the study. The evaluation was based on the clinical record, the standardized photographs, and the consultation of control. We studied in particular the nasolabial angle (NLA), the Goode ratio (projection/length of nose), and patient satisfaction using the rhinoplasty outcome evaluation form.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The columella-transalar incision tended to close the NLA (p = 0.001) and lowered the Goode ratio (p = 0.01), in contrast to the Réthi incision. The resection of the alar cartilages logically induced closure of the NLA (p = 0.02) and a decrease of nose projection (p = 0.001), whereas the use of a columellar strut induced a projection increase (p = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the existence of unavoidable measures bias, we confirmed a number of assumptions that had never been demonstrated statistically. Furthermore, we found that the incision used could affect the final result of a rhinoplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Hôpital civil, 1, place de l'hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France, abbou.ralph@gmail.com.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abbou
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bruant-Rodier
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wilk
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Meningaud
authors.forename: Jean Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bosc
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bodin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055171:Nasal Cartilages / Q000601:surgery*; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D013536:Suture Techniques; D016896:Treatment Outcome