title: Elevated levels of plasma uric acid and its relation to hypertension in arsenic-endemic human individuals in Bangladesh.
abstract: Blood uric acid has been recognized as a putative marker for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). CVDs are the major causes of arsenic-related morbidity and mortality. However, the association of arsenic exposure with plasma uric acid (PUA) levels in relation to CVDs has not yet been explored. This study for the first time demonstrated the associations of arsenic exposure with PUA levels and its relationship with hypertension. A total of 483 subjects, 322 from arsenic-endemic and 161 from non-endemic areas in Bangladesh were recruited as study subjects. Arsenic concentrations in the drinking water, hair and nails of the study subjects were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. PUA levels were measured using a colorimetric method. We found that PUA levels were significantly (p<0.001) higher in males and females living in arsenic-endemic areas than those in non-endemic area. Arsenic exposure (water, hair and nail arsenic) levels showed significant positive correlations with PUA levels. In multiple regression analyses, arsenic exposure levels were found to be the most significant contributors on PUA levels among the other variables that included age, body mass index, blood urea nitrogen, and smoking. There were dose-response relationships between arsenic exposure and PUA levels. Furthermore, diastolic and systolic blood pressure showed significant positive correlations with PUA levels. Finally, the average PUA levels were significantly higher in the hypertensive group than those in the normotensive group in both males and females living in arsenic-endemic areas. These results suggest that arsenic exposure-related elevation of PUA levels may be implicated in arsenic-induced CVDs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; Department of Medicine, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi 6000, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Nazmul
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Huda
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Shakhawoat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hossain
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Mashiur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Md Rezaul
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Karim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Khairul
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Abdullah Al
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mamun
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Md Imam
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Hossain
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Nayan Chandra
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Mohanto
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Shahnur
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Sharmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aktar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Afroza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arefin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Nurshad
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Kazi Abdus
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Salam
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Zahangir Alam
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Saud
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyataka
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Himeno
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh. Electronic address: khossainbio@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Khaled
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hossain
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001151:Arsenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D020261:Arsenic Poisoning / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009262:Nails / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000592:standards; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D060766:Drinking Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014527:Uric Acid; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: Arsenic; Bangladesh; Hypertension; Uric acid