title: Progressive increase in community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Indigenous populations in northern Australia from 1993 to 2012.
abstract: Hospital-based studies have determined high rates of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Indigenous populations. However, there is a paucity of community-based data. We obtained 20 years (1993-2012) of data on S. aureus isolates (N = 20 210) collected from community clinics that provide services for Indigenous communities in the Northern Territory, Australia. Methicillin resistance increased from 7% to 24%, resistance to macrolides remained stable at ~25%, and there was a slight increase in resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The increase in methicillin resistance is concerning for the Indigenous communities represented by this data, but it is also of significance if virulent MRSA clones emerge and spread more widely from such settings.
authors.affiliation: Menzies School of Health Research,Darwin,Northern Territory,Australia.
authors.forename: S Y C
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1368-8356
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Menzies School of Health Research,Darwin,Northern Territory,Australia.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Varrone
authors.affiliation: Menzies School of Health Research,Darwin,Northern Territory,Australia.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Chatfield
authors.affiliation: University of Western Australia,Perth,Western Australia,Australia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beaman
authors.affiliation: Menzies School of Health Research,Darwin,Northern Territory,Australia.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Giffard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018942:Macrolides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008712:Methicillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015876:Northern Territory; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D018942:Macrolides; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; D008712:Methicillin
keywords: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole