title: Occurrence and source apportionment of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the Beiyun River of Beijing, China.
abstract: This work investigates, for the first time, the occurrence and sources of 15 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in surface water of Beijing, one of most densely populated cities in the world, in three sampling events representing different seasonal flow conditions. The detection frequencies of most PPCPs were in the range of 50-100%. The median concentrations of the selected PPCPs ranged from not detected to 4200 ng L(-1) (caffeine). Generally, higher PPCP levels were observed in early spring, indicating both low flow condition and cold-water temperature might enhance their persistence. Source apportionment showed freshly discharged untreated sewage (67%) significantly contributed to the PPCP burden in the Beiyun River, which provides important information for environmental management.
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Guohua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Shubo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. Electronic address: yg-den@tsinghua.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002947:Cities; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000032:analysis*; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012621:Seasons; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Beijing; Beiyun River; Occurrence; Pharmaceuticals and personal care products; Source apportionment