title: Structural study of gubernaculum testis in fetuses with prune belly syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared and contrasted the structure of the gubernaculum testis in fetuses with prune belly syndrome and normal controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied a total of 6 gubernacula from 3 male fetuses with prune belly syndrome and a total of 14 from 7 male fetuses without an anomaly. Gubernacular specimens were cut into 5 μm sections and stained with Masson trichrome to quantify connective tissue and smooth muscle cells, with Weigert stain to observe elastic fibers and with picrosirius red with polarization to observe collagen. Immunohistochemical analysis was done with tubulin to observe the nerves. Images were captured with a BX51 microscope and DP70 camera (Olympus®). Stereological analysis was done with Image-Pro and ImageJ (MediaCybernetics®) using a grid to determine volumetric density. Means were statistically compared with the Mann-Whitney test. All tests were 2-sided with p <0.05 considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prune belly syndrome fetuses were at 17 to 31 weeks of gestation and control fetuses were at 12 to 35 weeks of gestation. Quantitative analysis showed no difference in the volumetric density of smooth muscle cells in prune belly syndrome vs control gubernacula (mean 15.70% vs 19%, p = 0.2321). Collagen fiber analysis revealed a predominance of green areas in prune belly syndrome gubernacula, suggesting collagen type III, and a predominance of red areas in control gubernacula, suggesting collagen type I. Elastic fibers were significantly smaller in prune belly syndrome gubernacula than in control gubernacula (mean 14.06% vs 24.6%, p = 0.0190). Quantitative analysis demonstrated no difference in the volumetric density of nerves in prune belly syndrome or control gubernacula (mean 5.200% vs 3.158%, p = 0.2302).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The gubernaculum in fetuses with prune belly syndrome had altered concentrations of collagen and elastic fibers. These structural alterations could be one of the factors involved in cryptorchidism in prune belly syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Suelen F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Waldemar S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco J B
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Sampaio
authors.affiliation: Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: lufavorito@Yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Luciano A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Favorito
mesh_terms: D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000196:embryology; D018568:Crown-Rump Length; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004547:Elastic Tissue / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005333:Fetus / Q000196:embryology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000378:metabolism; D011535:Prune Belly Syndrome / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D012611:Scrotum / Q000196:embryology; D013737:Testis / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen
keywords: collagen; cryptorchidism; elastic tissue; prune belly syndrome; testis