title: Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers: sources, occurrence, toxicity and human exposure.
abstract: Due to the restricted use and ban of brominated flame retardants, organophosphorus compounds (OPs), extensively used as flame retardants and plasticizers, are ubiquitous in various environmental compartments worldwide. The present study shows that the release of OPs from a wide variety of commercial products and wastewater discharge might be considered as primary emission sources and that high potential of long-range atmospheric transport and persistence of OPs would be responsible for their presence in various matrices on a global scale. The occurrence and environmental behaviors of OPs in diverse matrices (e.g., dust, air, water, sediment, soil and biota) are reviewed. Human exposures to OPs via dermal contact, dust ingestion, inhalation and dietary intake are comprehensively evaluated. Finally, this study identifies gaps in the existing issues and generates a future agenda for the emerging contaminants OPs.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
authors.forename: Gao-Ling
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangzhou Branch, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510075, China. Electronic address: lidq@gzb.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Ding-Qiang
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
authors.forename: Mu-Ning
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Zhuo
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Shan
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
authors.forename: Zhen-Yue
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
authors.forename: Tai-Long
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
authors.forename: Jun-Jie
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
authors.forename: Si-Yi
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Quan
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D004777:Environment; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D054879:Halogenation; D006801:Humans; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D005411:Flame Retardants; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010968:Plasticizers
keywords: Emission sources; Human exposure; Occurrence; Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers; Toxicity