title: Synthesis, characterization, and X-ray attenuation properties of ultrasmall BiOI nanoparticles: toward renal clearable particulate CT contrast agents.
abstract: A unique decelerated hydrolytic procedure is developed and reported here for the preparation of ultrasmall nanoparticles (NPs) of PVP-coated BiOI with a narrow size distribution, i.e., 2.8 ± 0.5 nm. The crystal structure of this compound is determined by X-ray powder diffraction using the bulk materials. The stability, cytotoxicity, and potential use of the PVP-coated ultrasmall BiOI NPs as a CT contrast agent are investigated. Because of the combined X-ray attenuation effect of bismuth and iodine, such NPs exhibit a CT value that is among the best of those of the inorganic nanoparticle-based CT contrast agents reported in the literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University , Kent, Ohio 44240, United States.
authors.forename: Murthi S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kandanapitiye
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Molter
authors.forename: Chris A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Flask
authors.forename: Songping D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D001729:Bismuth / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007454:Iodides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000737:chemistry; D033362:Powder Diffraction; D012995:Solubility; D013499:Surface Properties; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007454:Iodides; D011145:Polyvinyls; D001729:Bismuth