title: Pediatric cholesteatoma surgery using a single-staged canal wall down approach: results of a 5-year longitudinal study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the results of a 5-year longitudinal study in a pediatric population undergoing surgery for extensive cholesteatoma using a canal wall down (CWD) approach with obliteration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective longitudinal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children (<16 years) undergoing surgery for cholesteatoma (58 ears) between 1999 and 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic.
  
  
  METHODS
  District general hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  (1) Residual, recurrence, and recidivist cholesteatoma rates at 5 years post-surgery; (2) postoperative hearing; (3) postoperative waterproofing of the ear; (4) number of subsequent ear surgery required.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-five children (58 ears) contributed to the study. At 5 years, 16 of 58 (27.6%) had been lost to follow-up. Using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the residual rate after 5 years was 9.9% (95% CI: 3.8-24.4%), representing four residual cholesteatomas, and there were no recurrences detected. Using a cross-sectional analysis at 12 months of follow-up, the otorrhea risk was 0% and the risk of definitive waterproofing was 94.8%. There was a re-operation risk of 17.2% within 5 years which included second-stage ossiculoplasty. Regarding hearing, of the data available (n = 16), 10 children (62.5%) maintained their hearing (change between -10 and =10 dB), 2 (12.5%) had hearing gain (>10 dB), and 4 children (25%) had hearing reduction at 12 months postoperation. Four of 16 children (25%) had a postoperative hearing level of 30 dB or lower.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of a CWD approach with obliteration of the mastoid cavity to surgically treat extensive cholesteatoma in children results in a low recurrence rate and high rate of a trouble-free ear in the long term.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Otolaryngology, Ipswich General Hospital, Ipswich; and †Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trinidade
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skingsley
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Yung
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018424:Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear / Q000601:surgery*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006309:Hearing; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D013506:Otologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016896:Treatment Outcome