title: Evaluation of phytoavailability of heavy metals to Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) in rural soils.
abstract: This study compared the extractability of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn by 8 extraction protocols for 22 representative rural soils in Taiwan and correlated the extractable amounts of the metals with their uptake by Chinese cabbage for developing an empirical model to predict metal phytoavailability based on soil properties. Chemical agents in these protocols included dilute acids, neutral salts, and chelating agents, in addition to water and the Rhizon soil solution sampler. The highest concentrations of extractable metals were observed in the HCl extraction and the lowest in the Rhizon sampling method. The linear correlation coefficients between extractable metals in soil pools and metals in shoots were higher than those in roots. Correlations between extractable metal concentrations and soil properties were variable; soil pH, clay content, total metal content, and extractable metal concentration were considered together to simulate their combined effects on crop uptake by an empirical model. This combination improved the correlations to different extents for different extraction methods, particularly for Pb, for which the extractable amounts with any extraction protocol did not correlate with crop uptake by simple correlation analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yao-Tsung
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2452-0353
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Zeng-Yei
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Hseu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zehetner
mesh_terms: D001937:Brassica / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D012424:Rural Population; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants