title: Indole derivatives inhibited the formation of bacterial biofilm and modulated Ca2+ efflux in diatom.
abstract: Marine biofouling is a serious environmental problem worldwide. As an effort to find environmental friendly antifoulants, indole derivatives were determined for their activities to inhibit the growth of bacteria and diatom. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of indole derivatives against bacteria were very low, especially for 6-chloroindole. It was proved that 6-chloroindole obviously inhibited the growth of bacteria, interfered with the formation of bacterial biofilm, destroyed bacterial cell morphology and also inhibited the growth of diatom Cylindrotheca sp. as well. By using noninvasive micro-test technique (NMT), 6-chloroindole triggered algal cellular Ca(2+) efflux. The highest value was 72.03 pmol cm(-2)s(-1), 10.6 times of the control group. The present studies indicated that indole derivatives might have the potential to be new antifouling agents because of their excellent antibacterial and anti-algal activities. At the same time, Ca(2+) efflux might be one of the mechanisms that indole derivatives inhibited the growth of diatom.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Research Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China. Electronic address: yangcy29@163.com.
authors.forename: Cuiyun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
authors.forename: Yanan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
authors.forename: Wenjun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Research Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China. Electronic address: chxia@yic.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Chuanhai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D057219:Biofouling / Q000517:prevention & control; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D017377:Diatoms / Q000187:drug effects*; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests
chemical_list: C000598892:6-chloroindole; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D007211:Indoles; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Biofilm; Biofouling; Ca(2+) flux; Diatom; Indole derivatives