title: Effects of preoperative intravenous clonidine in patients undergoing cataract surgery: a double-blind, randomized trial.
abstract: Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of clonidine on intraoperative analgesia, sedation, intraocular and blood pressure, arrhythmia, and ischemia. Methods. Forty patients undergoing cataract surgery were allocated into two groups. They were monitored with Holter machine, the pupil was dilated, and 30 minutes later, 20 patients received clonidine (4 µg/kg), while the other 20 patients were given a 0.9% saline intravenously. Twenty minutes later, 2% lidocaine gel was applied. There were assessed intraoperative analgesia, intraocular pressure, blood pressure, heart rate, and the occurrence of arrhythmias and myocardial ischemia. Results. Pain intensity was lower in G1 during the phacoemulsification, irrigation, aspiration, and intraocular lens implantation. The HR and BP were lower with clonidine. The IOP was lower with clonidine after 15 minutes and at the end of the surgery. Sedation was higher with clonidine. The incidence of arrhythmia was lower at the end of surgery with clonidine. The incidence of myocardial ischemia did not differ between the groups. Conclusions. Clonidine (4 µg/kg) before a phacoemulsification reduced the intensity of pain during cataract surgery. It also induced sedation, reduction of BP, HR, and incidence of arrhythmia at the end of the surgery, and did not alter myocardial ischemia. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01677351.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio 61, Vila Clementino, 04044-020 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Ellen Queiroz
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Santiago
authors.affiliation: Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio 61, Vila Clementino, 04044-020 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana Machado
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Issy
authors.affiliation: Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio 61, Vila Clementino, 04044-020 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rioko Kimiko
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sakata