title: Race differences in the association between multivitamin exposure and wheezing in preterm infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to determine whether vitamin D exposure, as estimated by use of multivitamins, is positively or negatively associated with recurrent wheezing in infants born preterm.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective cohort study enrolled 300 infants, born at 28(0/7) to 34(6/7) weeks gestational age, and conducted follow-up at 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-month adjusted age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Black (55.9%) and non-black (36.6%) infants experienced recurrent wheezing. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for the association between multivitamin exposure at 3 months and recurrent wheezing were 2.15 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.97, 4.75) for black and 0.43 (95% CI: 0.19, 0.96) for non-black infants with an interaction by race (P=0.003). In lag-effect models, ORs were 2.69 (95% CI: 1.41, 5.14) for black and 0.50 (95% CI: 0.27, 0.92) for non-black infants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences by race were seen in association between multivitamins and wheezing; population heterogeneity should be considered when evaluating vitamin supplementation.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA [2] Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hibbs
authors.affiliation: 1] Center for Clinical Investigation, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA [2] Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Babineau
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Investigation, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1] Center for Clinical Investigation, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Redline
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D001213:Asian; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000187:drug effects*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000009:adverse effects*; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D