title: Vortex-assisted ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of sulfonylurea herbicides in wine samples by capillary high-performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: A new sample treatment, namely vortex-assisted ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (VA-IL-DLLME), followed by capillary liquid chromatography has been developed for the determination of four sulfonylurea herbicides (SUHs): flazasulfuron (FS), prosulfuron (PS), primisulfuron-methyl (PSM) and triflusulfuron-methyl (TSM) in wine samples. The ionic liquid (IL) 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C6MIM][PF6]) was used as extraction solvent and was dispersed using methanol into the sample solution, assisted by a vortex mixer. Various parameters influencing the extraction efficiency, such as type and amount of IL, type and volume of disperser solvent, sample pH, salting-out effect, vortex and centrifugation time were studied. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection and quantification of the proposed method were in the ranges of 3.2-6.6 and 10.8-22.0 μg kg(-1), respectively; lower than the maximum residue limits set by the EU for these matrices. The proposed method was successfully applied to different wine samples and satisfactory recoveries were obtained.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain; Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Abera
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gure
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Lara
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: García-Campaña
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Negussie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Megersa
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain. Electronic address: mdolmo@ugr.es.
authors.forename: Monsalud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: del Olmo-Iruela
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis*; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D012997:Solvents; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds
keywords: Capillary liquid chromatography; Ionic liquid; Sulfonylurea herbicides; Vortex-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction; Wine samples