title: Differentiating the levels of risk for muscle dysmorphia among Hungarian male weightlifters: a factor mixture modeling approach.
abstract: Muscle dysmorphia (MD) is a body image disturbance characterized by a pathological preoccupation with muscularity. The study aimed to differentiate the levels of risk for MD among weightlifters and to define a tentative cut-off score for the Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale (MASS) for the identification of high risk MD cases. Hungarian male weightlifters (n=304) completed the MASS, the Exercise Addiction Inventory, and specific exercise and body image related questions. For the differentiation of MD, factor mixture modeling was performed, resulting in three independent groups: low-, moderate-, and high risk MD groups. The estimated prevalence of high risk MD in this sample of weightlifters was 15.1%. To determine a cut-off score for the MASS, sensitivity and specificity analyses were performed and a cut-off point of 63 was suggested. The proposed cut-off score for the MASS can be useful for the early detection of high risk MD.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: bernadett.babusa@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Bernadett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Babusa
authors.affiliation: Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Edit
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Czeglédi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ferenc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Túry
authors.affiliation: Clinic AD, 10631 Professional Circle, Suite A, Reno, NV 89521, United States.
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Mayville
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella utca 46, 1064 Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Róbert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Urbán
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D057215:Body Dysmorphic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D001828:Body Image / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D015995:Prevalence; D012649:Self Concept; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014891:Weight Lifting / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Cut-off value; Factor mixture modeling; Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale; Muscle dysmorphia; Sensitivity analysis; Weightlifters