title: Silk fibroin nanoparticles constitute a vector for controlled release of resveratrol in an experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to evaluate the intestinal anti-inflammatory properties of silk fibroin nanoparticles, around 100 nm in size, when loaded with the stilbene compound resveratrol, in an experimental model of rat colitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nanoparticles were loaded with resveratrol by adsorption. The biological effects of the resveratrol-loaded nanoparticles were tested both in vitro, in a cell culture of RAW 264.7 cells (mouse macrophages), and in vivo, in the trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid model of rat colitis, when administered intracolonically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The resveratrol liberation in 1× phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; pH 7.4) was characterized by fast liberation, reaching the solubility limit in 3 hours, which was maintained over a period of 80 hours. The in vitro assays revealed immunomodulatory properties exerted by these resveratrol-loaded nanoparticles since they promoted macrophage activity in basal conditions and inhibited this activity when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. The in vivo experiments showed that after evaluation of the macroscopic symptoms, inflammatory markers, and intestinal barrier function, the fibroin nanoparticles loaded with resveratrol had a better effect than the single treatments, being similar to that produced by the glucocorticoid dexamethasone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Silk fibroin nanoparticles constitute an attractive strategy for the controlled release of resveratrol, showing immunomodulatory properties and intestinal anti-inflammatory effects.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio Abel
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lozano-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red - Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Department of Pharmacology, ibs Granada, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Nogales
authors.affiliation: Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ortiz-Cullera
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red - Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Department of Pharmacology, ibs Granada, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Algieri
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red - Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Department of Pharmacology, ibs Granada, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garrido-Mesa
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red - Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Department of Pharmacology, ibs Granada, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zorrilla
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red - Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Department of Pharmacology, ibs Granada, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: M Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Cabezas
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red - Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Department of Pharmacology, ibs Granada, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Natividad
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Garrido-Mesa
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red - Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Department of Pharmacology, ibs Granada, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: M Pilar
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Utrilla
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Matteis
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús Martínez
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: de la Fuente
authors.affiliation: Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cenis
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red - Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Department of Pharmacology, ibs Granada, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gálvez
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002460:Cell Line; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D051381:Rats; D000077185:Resveratrol; D047011:Silk / Q000737:chemistry*; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D047011:Silk; D013267:Stilbenes; D000077185:Resveratrol
keywords: RAW 264.7 macrophage cells; TNBS rat colitis; antioxidant; cytokines; immunomodulatory