title: Conserved metallomics in two insect families evolving separately for a hundred million years.
abstract: Μetal cofactors are required for enzymatic catalysis and structural stability of many proteins. Physiological metal requirements underpin the evolution of cellular and systemic regulatory mechanisms for metal uptake, storage and excretion. Considering the role of metal biology in animal evolution, this paper asks whether metal content is conserved between different fruit flies. A similar metal homeostasis was previously observed in Drosophilidae flies cultivated on the same larval medium. Each species accumulated in the order of 200 µg iron and zinc and approximately ten-fold less manganese and copper per gram dry weight of the adult insect. In this paper, data on the metal content in fourteen species of Tephritidae, which are major agricultural pests worldwide, are presented. These fruit flies can be polyphagous (e.g., Ceratitis capitata) or strictly monophagous (e.g., Bactrocera oleae) or oligophagous (e.g., Anastrepha grandis) and were maintained in the laboratory on five distinct diets based on olive oil, carrot, wheat bran, zucchini and molasses, respectively. The data indicate that overall metal content and distribution between the Tephritidae and Drosophilidae species was similar. Reduced metal concentration was observed in B. oleae. Feeding the polyphagous C. capitata with the diet of B. oleae resulted in a significant quantitative reduction of all metals. Thus, dietary components affect metal content in some Tephritidae. Nevertheless, although the evidence suggests some fruit fly species evolved preferences in the use or storage of particular metals, no metal concentration varied in order of magnitude between these two families of Diptera that evolved independently for over 100 million years.
authors.affiliation: IAEA Laboratories, Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Seibersdorf, Austria.
authors.forename: Polychronis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rempoulakis
authors.forename: Negar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Afshar
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Osorio
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barajas-Aceves
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szular
authors.forename: Sohel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Thilakasiri
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dammalage
authors.forename: Ulysses Sto
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Tomas
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nemny-Lavy
authors.forename: Mor
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salomon
authors.forename: Marc J B
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Vreysen
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nestel
authors.forename: Fanis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Missirlis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D033622:Ceratitis capitata / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development; D002614:Chelating Agents; D004032:Diet; D004175:Diptera / Q000145:classification* / Q000378:metabolism; D004330:Drosophila / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development; D018428:Drosophilidae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D006706:Homeostasis; D007814:Larva; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008965:Molasses; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D013045:Species Specificity; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D033621:Tephritidae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; D008670:Metals; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils