title: Isolation and cultivation of xylanolytic and cellulolytic Sarocladium kiliense and Trichoderma virens from the gut of the termite Reticulitermes santonensis.
abstract: The purpose of this work was the isolation and cultivation of cellulolytic and xylanolytic microorganisms extracted from the gut of the lower termite Reticulitermes santonensis. Microcrystalline cellulose (with and without lignin) and beech wood xylan were used as diets instead of poplar wood in order to select cellulose and hemicellulose-degrading fungi. The strain Sarocladium kiliense (Acremonium kiliense) CTGxxyl was isolated from the termites fed on xylan, while the strain Trichoderma virens CTGxAviL was isolated from the termites fed on cellulose (with and without lignin). Both molds were cultivated in liquid media containing different substrates: agro-residues or purified polymers. S. kiliense produced maximal β-glucosidase, endo-1,4-β-D-glucanase, exo-1,4-β-D-glucanase and endo-1,4-β-D-xylanase activities of 0.103, 3.99, 0.53, and 40.8 IU/ml, respectively. T. virens produced maximal β-xylosidase, endo-1,4-β-D-glucanase, exo-1,4-β-D-glucanase, and endo-1,4-β-D-xylanase activities of 0.38, 1.48, 0.69, and 426 IU/ml. The cellulase and the xylanase of S. kiliense, less common than T. virens, were further investigated. The optimal activity of the xylanase was observed at pH 9-10 at 60 °C. The cellulase showed its maximal activity at pH 10, 70 °C. Zymography identified different xylanases produced by both molds, and some fragment sizes were highlighted: 35, 100, and 170 kDa for S. kiliense and 20, 40, 80, and 170 kDa for T. virens. In both cases, endo-1,4-β-D-xylanase activities were confirmed through mass spectrometry.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Bio-Industries, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium, cedric.tarayre@ulg.ac.be.
authors.forename: Cédric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tarayre
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bauwens
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brasseur
authors.forename: Christel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mattéotti
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Millet
authors.forename: Pierre Alexandre
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Guiot
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Destain
authors.forename: Micheline
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vandenbol
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Portetelle
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Pauw
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Haubruge
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thonart
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002480:Cellulase; D044602:Cellulases / Q000378:metabolism; D002482:Cellulose / Q000378:metabolism*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006999:Hypocreales / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D020049:Isoptera / Q000382:microbiology*; D013696:Temperature; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D014990:Xylans / Q000378:metabolism*; D014995:Xylosidases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014990:Xylans; D002482:Cellulose; D044602:Cellulases; D014995:Xylosidases; C026579:exo-1,4-beta-D-xylosidase; D002480:Cellulase; C109691:microcrystalline cellulose