title: Computational biophysical, biochemical, and evolutionary signature of human R-spondin family proteins, the member of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
abstract: In human, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a significant role in cell growth, cell development, and disease pathogenesis. Four human (Rspo)s are known to activate canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Presently, (Rspo)s serve as therapeutic target for several human diseases. Henceforth, basic understanding about the molecular properties of (Rspo)s is essential. We approached this issue by interpreting the biochemical and biophysical properties along with molecular evolution of (Rspo)s thorough computational algorithm methods. Our analysis shows that signal peptide length is roughly similar in (Rspo)s family along with similarity in aa distribution pattern. In Rspo3, four N-glycosylation sites were noted. All members are hydrophilic in nature and showed alike GRAVY values, approximately. Conversely, Rspo3 contains the maximum positively charged residues while Rspo4 includes the lowest. Four highly aligned blocks were recorded through Gblocks. Phylogenetic analysis shows Rspo4 is being rooted with Rspo2 and similarly Rspo3 and Rspo1 have the common point of origin. Through phylogenomics study, we developed a phylogenetic tree of sixty proteins (n = 60) with the orthologs and paralogs seed sequences. Protein-protein network was also illustrated. Results demonstrated in our study may help the future researchers to unfold significant physiological and therapeutic properties of (Rspo)s in various disease models.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 200704, Republic of Korea ; Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 200-704, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ashish Ranjan
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 200704, Republic of Korea ; Department of Bioinformatics, School of Computer Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, India.
authors.forename: Chiranjib
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3958-239X
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.affiliation: Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 200704, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 200704, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Garima
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1763-0730
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medial Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA.
authors.forename: Jeong Kyo
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Medical Biotechnology Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: George Priya Doss
authors.affiliation: Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 200704, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Keun
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 200704, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ju-Suk
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4437-3194
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Nam
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001669:Biochemical Phenomena; D055592:Biophysical Phenomena; D030562:Databases, Protein; D004220:Disulfides / Q000378:metabolism; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D060066:Protein Interaction Maps; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D055550:Protein Stability; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D020449:Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013045:Species Specificity; D019699:Thrombospondins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D060449:Wnt Signaling Pathway
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D004220:Disulfides; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D019699:Thrombospondins