title: Comparison of analytical sensitivity and women's interpretation of home pregnancy tests.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Internationally there are no defined standards for expressing the performance of home-based pregnancy tests, nor any pre-defined accuracy standard requirements. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a selection of home-based pregnancy tests relative to their packaging/product insert claims.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight home-based pregnancy tests were evaluated using human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) urine standards (0, 15, 25 mlU/mL). Testing was performed by a technician and results were read by a technician and a panel of consumer volunteers (each blinded to the expected result) and compared with the expected result based on the manufacturer's claimed accuracy. Volunteers also completed questionnaires relating to various device attributes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall agreement between the technician reading and expected reading from the hCG concentration was >90% for the Clearblue® DIGITAL, Clearblue® PLUS, Confirme® Plus, David® and Haus™ tests, and approximately 80% for Predictor® Early; agreement was <50% for Femitest® Jet Ultra and Cyclotest® Early tests. RESULTS were available from 72 volunteers (aged 18-45 years). Overall the percentage agreement between volunteer result and expected result was >95% for Clearblue DIGITAL and Clearblue PLUS tests; agreement for all other tests was <75% (lowest were Cyclotest Early and Femitest Jet Ultra, 33.0% and 39.4%, respectively). The Clearblue DIGITAL test was scored most highly by volunteers in the questionnaires.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many home-based pregnancy tests commonly used by women are not as accurate as their packaging information claims. International test standards which define appropriate performance characteristics for home pregnancy tests are urgently required.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cushion
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.forename: Sonya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Godbert
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pike
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011258:Pregnancy Tests / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin