title: Skeletal maturation in individuals with Down's syndrome: comparison between PGS curve, cervical vertebrae and bones of the hand and wrist.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was conducted with the aim of adapting the methods developed by Martins and Sakima to assess skeletal maturation by cervical vertebrae in the pubertal growth spurt (PGS) curve. It also aimed to test the reliability and agreement between those methods and the method of hand and wrist radiograph when compared two by two and all together.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample comprised 72 radiographs, with 36 lateral radiographs of the head and 36 hand-wrist radiographs of 36 subjects with Down's syndrome (DS), 13 female and 23 male, aged between 8 years and 6 months and 18 years and 7 months, with an average age of 13 years and 10 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results revealed that adapting the methods developed by Martins and Sakima to assess skeletal maturation by cervical vertebrae in the PGS curve is practical and useful in determining the stage of growth and development of individuals. The stages of maturation evaluated by cervical vertebrae and ossification centers observed in radiographs of the hand and wrist were considered reliable, with excellent level of agreement between the methods by Hassel and Farman as well as Baccetti, Franchi and McNamara Jr and Martins and Sakima. Additionally, results revealed an agreement that ranged between reasonable to good for the three methods used to assess the skeletal maturation, showing statistical significance.
authors.forename: Glauber
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carinhena
authors.forename: Danilo Furquim
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Siqueira
authors.forename: Eduardo Kazuo
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Sannomiya
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000365:Age Determination by Skeleton / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001846:Bone Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002348:Carpal Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development*; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development*; D002648:Child; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D050276:Hand Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D011627:Puberty / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
keywords: Age determination by skeleton; Cervical vertebrae; Down’s syndrome; Sesamoid bones