title: Revisiting the flight of Icarus: making human organs from PSCs with large animal chimeras.
abstract: While cell therapies hold great potential for treating many conditions, their utility for treating patients that require whole organ replacement is unclear. To address this challenge, we propose using genetically engineered "organ niches" in large animals to generate human organs from pluripotent stem cells and discuss the hurdles facing such strategies.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Institute for Liver Studies, Kings College London, SE1 9RT, UK.
authors.forename: Tamir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rashid
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK.
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan; Japan Science Technology Agency, ERATO, Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan. Electronic address: nakauchi@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakauchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000166:cytology; D002678:Chimera; D006801:Humans; D009928:Organ Specificity; D038081:Organogenesis; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000637:transplantation; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000941:ethics