title: Plasma metabolic profiling of dairy cows affected with clinical ketosis using LC/MS technology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ketosis in dairy cattle is an important metabolic disorder. Currently, the plasma metabolic profile of ketosis as determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) has not been reported.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate plasma metabolic profiles from cows with clinical ketosis in comparison to control cows.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty Holstein dairy cows were divided into two groups based on clinical signs and plasma β-hydroxybutyric acid and glucose concentrations 7-21 days postpartum: clinical ketosis and control cows. Plasma metabolic profiles were analyzed using LC/MS. Data were processed using principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to control cows, the levels of valine, glycine, glycocholic, tetradecenoic acid, and palmitoleic acid increased significantly in clinical ketosis. On the other hand, the levels of arginine, aminobutyric acid, leucine/isoleucine, tryptophan, creatinine, lysine, norcotinine, and undecanoic acid decreased markedly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results showed that the metabolic changes in cows with clinical ketosis involve complex metabolic networks and signal transduction. These results are important for future studies elucidating the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prevention of clinical ketosis in dairy cows.
authors.affiliation: a College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing , China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Hy
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lw
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D003612:Dairying; D005260:Female; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D007662:Ketosis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D015415:Biomarkers; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates; D008055:Lipids
keywords: cattle; cow; ketosis; liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry; metabolomics