title: Glycaemic profile changes by highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.
abstract: To study dysglycaemia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients we conducted a retrospective cohort study of the glucose profile in HIV-infected patients. The fasting blood glucose was analysed taking into consideration conventional risk factors as well as HIV infection and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). One hundred seventy-three cases were selected for this study. Five risk factors had significant effects (p < 0.05) on glucose levels: age, body mass index (BMI), hepatitis C virus/hepatitis B virus (HCV/HBV) co-infection, viral load (VL), and CD4(+) T-lymphocyte count. Fasting blood glucose levels increased with age (0.59 mg/dL/year), decreased with the VL (-4.1 × 10(-6 )mg/dL/number of viral RNA copies) and the CD4(+) T-lymphocyte count (-0.016 mg/dL/cell count). Furthermore, obese patients and those co-infected with HCV/HBV were more prone to develop dysglycaemia having, on average, 15.4 mg/dL and 13.8 mg/dL higher levels, respectively, of fasting blood glucose. Despite an increase of 1.0% and 8.4% in the glucose levels noticed among HIV patients treated with non-nucleotide inhibitors of reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors, respectively, HAART did not prove to be a significant predictor of fasting glucose levels as well as lipodystrophy and male gender. Age, BMI, HCV/HBV co-infection and HIV-related (VL and CD4(+) T-lymphocyte count) factors seem to be the most influential on fasting blood glucose levels in HIV-infected individuals.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Oporto University, Oporto, Portugal Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Oporto, Portugal Vale do Sousa Clinical Analysis Laboratory, Penafiel, Portugal Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Oporto, Portugal.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duro
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Oporto University, Oporto, Portugal Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Oporto, Portugal.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rebelo
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Oporto, Portugal.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barreira
authors.affiliation: Joaquim Urbano Hospital, Oporto, Portugal Minho University, Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sarmento-Castro
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Oporto, Portugal Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Oporto, Portugal.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Oporto, Portugal calmeida@ufp.edu.pt.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Almeida
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D060085:Coinfection / Q000821:virology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: AIDS; HIV; blood glucose; diabetes; dysglycaemia; highly active antiretroviral therapy; metabolic syndrome; risk factors; treatment