title: Short-term effects of vision trainer rehabilitation in patients affected by anisometropic amblyopia: electrofunctional evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the short-term effects of the vision trainer rehabilitation technique on retinal and post-retinal function in young amblyopic patients outside the critical visual developmental period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients (mean age 12.2 ± 2.7 years, ranging from 9.1 to 18 years) affected by unilateral anisometropic amblyopia were studied, providing 21 amblyopic eyes (AE) and 21 sound eyes (SE). Thirty eyes from 15 age-similar normal subjects served as controls. All subjects underwent extensive ophthalmologic characterization to exclude any disease not related to amblyopia. All AE were subjected to rehabilitation sessions performed by the Retimax vision trainer (VT) program. The protocol consisted of 2 sessions per week, each lasting 10 min, for 10 consecutive weeks. Before and after the rehabilitation, electrophysiological [pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and visual evoked potential (VEP)] and psychophysical [best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and microperimetry] data were collected from AE and SE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When comparing baseline data with those collected at the end of the study, PERG P50-N95 amplitude and BCVA values from AE had improved significantly by the end of the study (p < 0.05). Our electrophysiological findings also showed some abnormalities in SE when the data were compared to control eyes. We found a significant correlation (p < 0.05) between PERG amplitude and VEP implicit time in SE after visual rehabilitation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-term visual rehabilitation performed by the VT program ameliorated the electrofunctional and psychophysical parameters of vision in children outside the critical developmental period, thus indicating that VT might be a potential adjuvant therapy of traditional patching treatment.
authors.affiliation: GI.MA Centro di Diagnostica E Terapia Oculare, Via Mergellina, 44, 80122, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Esposito Veneruso
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ziccardi
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Magli
authors.forename: Benedetto
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Falsini
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Magli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000550:Amblyopia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015858:Anisometropia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002648:Child; D004596:Electroretinography; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D055815:Young Adult