title: Relationship between Achilles tendon properties and foot strike patterns in long-distance runners.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Achilles tendon properties and foot strike patterns in long-distance runners. Forty-one highly trained male long-distance runners participated in this study. Elongation of the Achilles tendon and aponeurosis of the medial gastrocnemius muscle were measured using ultrasonography, while the participants performed ramp isometric plantar flexion up to the voluntary maximum. The relationship between the estimated muscle force and tendon elongation during the ascending phase was fit to a linear regression, the slope of which was defined as stiffness. In addition, the cross-sectional area of the Achilles tendon was measured using ultrasonography. Foot strike patterns (forefoot, midfoot and rearfoot) during running were determined at submaximal velocity (18 km · h(-1)) on a treadmill. The number of each foot strike runner was 12 for the forefoot (29.3%), 12 for the midfoot (29.3%) and 17 for the rearfoot (41.5%). No significant differences were observed in the variables measured for the Achilles tendon among the three groups. These results suggested that the foot strike pattern during running did not affect the morphological or mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon in long-distance runners.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Life Science , The University of Tokyo , Meguro , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Keitaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Shigeharu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Shozo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimoju
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsunoda
mesh_terms: D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004548:Elasticity; D005528:Foot / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: cross-sectional area; economy; plantar flexor; tendon stiffness