title: Long-term follow-up of large maxillary advancements with distraction osteogenesis in growing and non-growing cleft lip and palate patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Maxillary distraction osteogenesis (DO) in cleft lip and palate patients has been described by several authors, but most studies have a relatively short follow-up and do not clearly separate growing patients from non-growing patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 22 consecutive patients affected by cleft lip and palate, who underwent Le Fort I osteotomy and maxillary distraction with a rigid external distractor (RED), were reviewed. The sample was subdivided into a growing and a non-growing group. All patients had pre-DO cephalometric records, immediately post DO, 12 months post DO and long-term records with a long-term follow-up of >5 years (range 5-13 years). As a control sample for the growing group, cleft children with a negative overjet not subjected to distraction or any protraction treatment during growth were followed up until the completion of growth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average maxillary advancement in the growing group was 22.2 ± 5.5 mm (range: 15-32 mm); in the non-growing group, it was 17.7 ± 6.6 mm (range: 6-25 mm). Excellent post-surgical stability was recorded in the adult sample. On the other hand, growing children had an average 16% relapse in the first year post DO and an additional 26% relapse in the long-term follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study seems to point out that early Le Fort I DO allows for the correction of very severe deformities. It is followed by a relatively high amount of true skeletal relapse in children with cleft lip and palate. Prognosis should be discussed in depth with the family and true aesthetic and psychological needs assessed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Regional Centre for CLP and Craniofacial Anomalies, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy. Electronic address: cmeazzini@yahoo.it.
authors.forename: Maria Costanza
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Meazzini
authors.affiliation: Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Basile
authors.affiliation: Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mazzoleni
authors.affiliation: Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bozzetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Regional Centre for CLP and Craniofacial Anomalies, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brusati
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000254:growth & development*; D015588:Observer Variation; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000379:methods*; D019340:Osteotomy, Le Fort / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cephalometry; Cleft lip and palate; Distraction osteogenesis; Le Fort I osteotomy; Long-term stability; Maxillary growth