title: Complex carbohydrates as a possible source of high energy to formulate functional feeds.
abstract: Carbohydrates (CHOs) are the most abundant organic compounds found in living organisms and are a great source of metabolic energy, both for plants and animals. Besides of CHOs great potential to solve animal's energy requirements and diminishing high feed cost, we first must to understand its digestibility and assimilation to avoid several inconvenients. Today, CHOs feed animal inclusions are of great concern about cost-benefits, animal's health status, and environmental pollution. In this chapter, we make a brief description about sugars (DP1-2), oligosaccharides (DP3-9), polysaccharides (DP ≥10), and their essential characteristics to understand the role of marine and terrestrial CHOs in animal nutrition. Subsequently, we talk about basic concepts, CHOs functional benefits, suggestions about their application and successful cases. This information will contribute to produce a new generation of high-quality and energetic functional feed formulations for livestock and aquaculture farms; which must be of low cost, healthy, and environmentally friendly, with the inclusion of prebiotics and probiotics.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Innovación Biotecnológica AC (CENBIOTEC), Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
authors.forename: Leonel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ochoa
authors.affiliation: Bioactive Compounds and Biorremediation Laboratory, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
authors.forename: José de Jesús
authors.initials: Jde J
authors.lastname: Paniagua Michel
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. Electronic address: jolmos@cicese.mx.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olmos-Soto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000737:chemistry; D002241:Carbohydrates; D004063:Digestion; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D005526:Food, Formulated; D055951:Functional Food; D006801:Humans; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D056692:Prebiotics; D019936:Probiotics
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D004798:Enzymes; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D011134:Polysaccharides; D056692:Prebiotics
keywords: Complex carbohydrates; Enzymes; Functional feed; Prebiotics; Probiotics