title: Coaching during a trauma surgery team training: perceptions versus structured observations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Using the concept perception to quantify coaching skills during surgical training is questionable. This study compared the perceptions reported by the trainees and the faculty members following an emergency surgery team training with structured observations made on the basis of video registrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  For each faculty member, we scored 45 minutes of identical scenarios to enable the quantitative assessment of the use of positive feedback, corrective feedback, as well as instruction and in particular comments containing how and why explanations. We compared the values determined from the video scores with the perceptions reported by the trainees and faculty on questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The trainee and faculty ratings for the coaching differed, with trainees generally giving a higher rating. While both the trainees and the faculty gave high ratings for the non-technical skills, corrective and complimenting feedback, and explanations why, the structured video observations showed lower scores in these categories.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both the trainees and the faculty overrated the coaching. Trainee questionnaires and faculty self-reports neither reflected the actual coaching activities nor identified coaching skill deficits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Academic Educational Institute, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: a.alken@chir.umcn.nl.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alken
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan-Maarten
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Luursema
authors.affiliation: Academic Educational Institute, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fluit
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Goor
mesh_terms: D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005180:Faculty, Medical; D030141:Feedback, Psychological; D006801:Humans; D009426:Netherlands; D019370:Observation; D010348:Patient Care Team; D010465:Perception; D015397:Program Evaluation; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D014194:Traumatology / Q000193:education*; D014741:Video Recording
keywords: Coaching; Faculty perception; Feedback; Non-technical skills; Team training; Trainee perception