title: Geography, population, demography, socioeconomic, anthropometry, and environmental status in the MAL-ED cohort and case-control study Sites in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
abstract: The Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) cohort in the study's Fortaleza, Brazil, catchment area has a population of approximately 82 300 inhabitants. Most of the households (87%) have access to clean water, 98% have electricity, and 69% have access to improved toilet/sanitation. Most childbirths occur at the hospital, and the under-5 mortality rate is 20 per 1000 live births. The MAL-ED case-control study population, identified through the Institute for the Promotion of Nutrition and Human Development (IPREDE), serves 600 000 inhabitants from areas totaling about 42% of the city of Fortaleza. IPREDE receives referrals from throughout the state of Ceará for infant nutrition, and provides services including teaching activities and the training of graduate students and health professionals, while supporting research projects on child nutrition and health. In this article, we describe the geographic, demographic, socioeconomic, anthropometric, and environmental status of the MAL-ED cohort and case-control study populations in Fortaleza, Brazil.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
authors.forename: Aldo A M
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
authors.forename: Reinaldo B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Oriá
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alberto M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Q
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Filho
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Sousa
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cláudia B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Abreu
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bindá
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ila
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
authors.forename: Josiane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quetz
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Maciel
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
authors.forename: Hilda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Promotion of Nutrition and Human Development, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alvaro M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
authors.forename: Noélia L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Promotion of Nutrition and Human Development, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Promotion of Nutrition and Human Development, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Moura
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scharf
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
authors.forename: Leah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Guerrant
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015362:Child Nutrition Disorders; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015340:Epidemiologic Research Design; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: demography; diarrheal diseases; malnutrition; nutrition; socioeconomic status