title: Autophagic cell death of human hepatoma G2 cells mediated by procyanidins from Castanea mollissima Bl. Shell-induced reactive oxygen species generation.
abstract: The autophagy of human hepatoma G2 (HepG2) cells induced by procyanidins from chestnut (Castanea mollissima Bl.) shell (CSPCs) was investigated, and the inherent relationship between autophagic levels and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was studied. The results showed that CSPCs induced HepG2 cell death in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, increased the accumulation of autophagolysosomes and microtubule-associated proteins light chain 3-II (LC3-II, a marker of autophagy). However, these phenomena were not observed in the group pretreated with the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA, suggesting that CSPCs induced HepG2 cell autophagy. Furthermore, we found that CSPCs triggered ROS generation in cells, while the levels of ROS decreased in the N-acetylcysteine (Nac) co-treatment, revealing that CSPCs-mediated autophagy was partly blocked by Nac. In addition, treatment with CSPCs decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential of HepG2 cells. These results suggested CSPCs could trigger autophagy via ROS generation, which may be associated with the mitochondria-dependent signaling way.
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
authors.forename: Yuqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
authors.forename: Jiajia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China. Electronic address: zhanghh@ujs.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Haihui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
authors.forename: Yuanqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicinal Plants, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Guibo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicinal Plants, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. Electronic address: xbsun@implad.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D031319:Aesculus / Q000737:chemistry*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D056945:Hep G2 Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: Autophagy; Chestnut shell; HepG2 cells; Mitochondria; Procyanidins; ROS