title: Extended blood group molecular typing and next-generation sequencing.
abstract: Several high-throughput multiplex blood group molecular typing platforms have been developed to predict blood group antigen phenotypes. These molecular systems support extended donor/patient matching by detecting commonly encountered blood group polymorphisms as well as rare alleles that determine the expression of blood group antigens. Extended molecular typing of a large number of blood donors by high-throughput platforms can increase the likelihood of identifying donor red blood cells that match those of recipients. This is especially important in the management of multiply-transfused patients who may have developed several alloantibodies. Nevertheless, current molecular techniques have limitations. For example, they detect only predefined genetic variants. In contrast, target enrichment next-generation sequencing (NGS) is an emerging technology that provides comprehensive sequence information, focusing on specified genomic regions. Target enrichment NGS is able to assess genetic variations that cannot be achieved by traditional Sanger sequencing or other genotyping platforms. Target enrichment NGS has been used to detect both known and de novo genetic polymorphisms, including single-nucleotide polymorphisms, indels (insertions/deletions), and structural variations. This review discusses the methodology, advantages, and limitations of the current blood group genotyping techniques and describes various target enrichment NGS approaches that can be used to develop an extended blood group genotyping assay system.
authors.affiliation: Division of Blood Components and Devices, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD. Electronic address: zhugong.liu@fda.hhs.gov.
authors.forename: Zhugong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Division of Blood Components and Devices, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD.
authors.forename: Meihong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Division of Blood Components and Devices, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD.
authors.forename: Teresita
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mercado
authors.affiliation: Division of Blood Components and Devices, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD.
authors.forename: Orieji
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Illoh
authors.affiliation: Division of Blood Components and Devices, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Davey
mesh_terms: D001789:Blood Group Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D001788:Blood Grouping and Crossmatching / Q000379:methods*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005838:Genotype; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007518:Isoantibodies / Q000737:chemistry; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: D001789:Blood Group Antigens; D006680:HLA Antigens; D007518:Isoantibodies
keywords: Blood group genotyping; Blood group phenotype; Molecular assay; Next generation sequencing; Target enrichment