title: Comparison of expectations and beliefs about good teaching in an academic day release medical education program: a qualitative study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In a professional learner-centered(ness) educational environment, communication and alignment of expectations about teaching are indispensable. Professional education of residents could benefit from an analysis and comparison of teachers' and residents' educational expectations and beliefs. Our purpose is to identify success factors and barriers related to aligning expectations and beliefs and building a supportive professional learner-centered educational environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted semi-structured individual interviews with teachers and semi-structured focus groups with residents. A single interview format was used to make it possible to compare the results. Data were analysed using a qualitative software package (AtlasTi). Data analysis steps were followed by the author team, which identified four domains of good teaching: personal traits, knowledge, relationships and teaching qualities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Teachers and residents agreed about the importance of personal professional characteristics like being a role model and having an open and enthusiastic attitude. They all thought that having a specific knowledge base was essential for teaching. Approaching residents as adult learners was found to be an important element of the learner-centred environment and it was agreed that teachers should take practical experiences to a higher level. However, teachers and residents had different expectations about the practical consequences of being a role model, adult learning, coaching and openness, and the type of knowledge that was needed in the professional development program. Communication about different expectations appeared to be difficult.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Teachers and residents agreed on a conceptual level about expectations and beliefs regarding good teaching, but disagreed on an executive level. According to the residents, the disagreement about good teaching was not the biggest barrier to creating alignment and a supportive professional relationship; instead, it was the absence of a proper dialogue regarding issues about expectations and beliefs.
authors.affiliation: Education & Research Department, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 347, 5600 AH Eindhoven, The Netherlands. dvanroermund@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Thea A C M
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: van Roermund
authors.forename: Henk G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Mokkink
authors.forename: Ben J A M
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Bottema
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van Weel
authors.forename: Albert J J A
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Scherpbier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003142:Communication; D003469:Culture; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate; D005180:Faculty, Medical; D005260:Female; D058006:General Practice / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D036301:Qualitative Research; D013663:Teaching / Q000592:standards