title: Lactobacilli-fermented Hwangryunhaedoktang has enhanced anti-inflammatory effects mediated by the suppression of MAPK signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hwangryunhaedoktang (HR) has been traditionally used in oriental medicine as a drug for the treatment of melena, hemoptysis, and apoplexy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether HR and lactobacilli-fermented HRs have an inhibitory effect on the production of proinflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The investigation was focused on whether HR and fermented HRs could inhibit the production of prostaglandin (PG)E2, nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that HR weakly inhibited various inflammatory mediators induced by LPS. However, fermentation with lactobacilli significantly increased the inhibitory effect of HR on most of the inflammatory mediator expression. Furthermore, fermented HRs exerted a stronger inhibitory effect on MAPKs phosphorylation than that by non-fermented HR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that lactobacilli-fermented HRs contains elevated potent anti-inflammatory activity that is mediated by inhibiting MAPKs pathway in macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Korean Medicine-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Jeonmin dong, Yuseong, Daejeon, 305-811, Korea.
authors.forename: You-Chang
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Korean Medicine-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Jeonmin dong, Yuseong, Daejeon, 305-811, Korea.
authors.forename: Yun Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Korean Medicine-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Jeonmin dong, Yuseong, Daejeon, 305-811, Korea.
authors.forename: Won-Kyung
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Korean Medicine-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Jeonmin dong, Yuseong, Daejeon, 305-811, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang Jin
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Korean Medicine-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Jeonmin dong, Yuseong, Daejeon, 305-811, Korea.
authors.forename: Taesoo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Korean Medicine-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Jeonmin dong, Yuseong, Daejeon, 305-811, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Yeul
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ma
keywords: Hwangryunhaedoktang and fermented Hwangryunhaedoktang; cyclooxygenase 2; inducible nitric oxide synthase; inflammatory cytokines; mitogen-activated protein kinases