title: Impact of pharmaceutical care interventions on glycemic control and other health-related clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: Randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of pharmaceutical care interventions on glycemic control and other health-related clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes patients in Jordan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 106 patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes seeking care in the diabetes clinics at Jordan University Hospital. Patients were randomly allocated into control and intervention group. The intervention group patients received pharmaceutical care interventions developed by the clinical pharmacist in collaboration with the physician while the control group patients received usual care without clinical pharmacist's input. Fasting blood glucose and HbA1c were measured at the baseline, at three months, and six months intervals for both intervention and control groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the six months follow-up, mean of HbA1c and FBS of the patients in the intervention group decreased significantly compared to the control group patients (P<0.05). Also, the results indicated that mean scores of patients' knowledge about medications, knowledge about diabetes and adherence to medications and diabetes self-care activities of the patients in the intervention group increased significantly compared to the control group (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated an improvement in HbA1c, FBS, and lipid profile, in addition to self-reported medication adherence, diabetes knowledge, and diabetes self-care activities in patients with type 2 diabetes who received pharmaceutical care interventions. The results suggest the benefits of integrating clinical pharmacist services in multidisciplinary healthcare team and diabetes management in Jordan.
authors.affiliation: Al-Hussein Hospital (Al-Salt-Jordan), Ministry of Health, Jordan. Electronic address: rubawshah@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ruba A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Wishah
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan. Electronic address: okhawaldh@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Omar A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Al-Khawaldeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Jordan. Electronic address: ablabsoul@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Abla M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Albsoul
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D061345:Early Medical Intervention; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007597:Jordan; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010593:Pharmaceutical Services; D012307:Risk Factors; D012648:Self Care
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Jordan; Pharmaceutical care intervention; Randomized controlled clinical trial; Type 2 diabetes