title: Long-term agonist and antagonist therapy for adolescent opioid dependence: a description of two cases.
abstract: Adolescents constitute only a small percentage of treatment seekers in drug dependence treatment settings. Little research evidence is available for pharmacological treatment of adolescent opioid dependence and no prior case report is available from India. We discuss two adolescent patients with opioid (heroin) dependence visiting a tertiary care center who have been stabilized on agonist (sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone) and antagonist (oral naltrexone) respectively for a substantial period of time. A comprehensive management approach, including intensive psychosocial interventions and family involvement, was followed in addition to pharmacotherapies. More research is needed on the efficacy of pharmacological treatment in adolescent opioid users.
authors.affiliation: National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Rajeev
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ranjan
authors.affiliation: National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Raman Deep
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Pattanayak
authors.affiliation: National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Anju
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dhawan
keywords: Adolescents; buprenorphine; naltrexone; opioid dependence; treatment