title: Live attenuated and inactivated viral vaccine formulation and nasal delivery: potential and challenges.
abstract: Vaccines are cost-effective for the prevention of infectious diseases and have significantly reduced mortality and morbidity. Novel approaches are needed to develop safe and effective vaccines against disease. Major challenges in vaccine development include stability in a suitable dosage form and effective modes of delivery. Many live attenuated vaccines are capable of eliciting both humoral and cell mediated immune responses if physicochemically stable in an appropriate delivery vehicle. Knowing primary stresses that impart instability provides a general rationale for formulation development and mode of delivery. Since most pathogens enter the body through the mucosal route, live-attenuated vaccines have the advantage of mimicking natural immunization via non-invasive delivery. This presentation will examine aspects of formulation design, types of robust dosage forms to consider, effective routes of delivery (invasive and noninvasive), and distinctions between live attenuated or inactivated vaccines.
authors.affiliation: MedImmune, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Tlaxca
authors.affiliation: Gilead Sciences Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA 94404, USA.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.affiliation: MedImmune, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA. Electronic address: remmeler@medimmune.com.
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Remmele
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D015195:Drug Design; D004355:Drug Stability; D006801:Humans; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014765:Viral Vaccines
keywords: Drug delivery; Formulation; Killed-inactivated; Live-attenuated; Nasal; Stability; Vaccines