title: Progress toward laboratory containment of poliovirus after polio eradication.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The first steps (phase 1) toward laboratory containment of poliovirus after eradication are a national survey of biomedical facilities and a global inventory of such facilities retaining wild poliovirus (WPV) infectious and potentially infectious materials.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed published reports on national laboratory surveys and inventories of WPV materials from each of the 3 polio-free World Health Organization (WHO) regions (the European Region, completed in 2006; the Western Pacific Region, completed in 2008; and the Region of the Americas, completed in 2010), as well as reports on progress in polio-free countries of the remaining 3 regions (the African Region, the Eastern Mediterranean Region, and the WHO South-East Asia Region).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Containment phase 1 activities are complete in 154 of 194 WHO Member States (79%), including all countries and areas of the polio-free regions and most polio-free countries in the remaining 3 regions. A reported 227 209 biomedical facilities were surveyed, with 532 facilities in 45 countries identified as retaining WPV-associated infectious or potentially infectious materials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Completion of containment phase 1 global activities is achievable within the time frame set by the Polio Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan 2013-2018.
authors.affiliation: World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.affiliation: World Health Organization, Manila, Philippines.
authors.forename: Sigrun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roesel
authors.affiliation: Lomosov Moscow State University, Russia.
authors.forename: Galina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lipskaya
authors.affiliation: Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D. C.
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Landaverde
authors.affiliation: World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Asghar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Humayun
authors.affiliation: Kalubowila, Sri Lanka.
authors.forename: Nalini
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Withana
authors.affiliation: World Health Organization, Regional Office for Southeast Asia, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Nalini
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ramamurty
authors.affiliation: Redeemer's University, Mowe, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Oyewale
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tomori
authors.affiliation: World Health Organization, Harare, Zimbabwe.
authors.forename: Samuel Oumo
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Okiror
authors.affiliation: World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo.
authors.forename: Mbaye
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salla
authors.affiliation: Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, Georgia.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dowdle
mesh_terms: D000569:Americas; D001208:Asia; D001210:Asia, Southeastern; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D003264:Containment of Biohazards / Q000379:methods*; D060740:Disease Eradication; D006801:Humans; D019083:Mediterranean Region; D011051:Poliomyelitis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011309:Preservation, Biological / Q000379:methods*
keywords: OPV cessation; laboratory containment; polio endgame; polio eradication; poliovirus