title: Complications related to gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection and their managements.
abstract: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer is a well-established procedure with the advantage of resection in an en bloc fashion, regardless of the size, shape, coexisting ulcer, and location of the lesion. However, gastric ESD is a more difficult and meticulous technique, and also requires a longer procedure time, than conventional endoscopic mucosal resection. These factors naturally increase the risk of various complications. The two most common complications accompanying gastric ESD are bleeding and perforation. These complications are known to occur both intraoperatively and postoperatively. However, there are other rare but serious complications related to gastric ESD, including aspiration pneumonia, stenosis, venous thromboembolism, and air embolism. Endoscopists should have sufficient knowledge about such complications and be prepared to deal with them appropriately, as successful management of complications is necessary for the successful completion of the entire ESD procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Itaru
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. ; Department of Endoscopy and Endoscopic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. ; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, The University of Tokyo Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kodashima
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobutake
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamichi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. ; Department of Endoscopy and Endoscopic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujishiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koike
keywords: Complication; Endoscopic submucosal dissection; Hemorrhage; Perforation