title: A comprehensive mixture of tobacco smoke components retards orthodontic tooth movement via the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis in a rat model.
abstract: Tobacco smoke is a complex mixture of numerous components. Nevertheless, most experiments have examined the effects of individual chemicals in tobacco smoke. The comprehensive effects of components on tooth movement and bone resorption remain unexplored. Here, we have shown that a comprehensive mixture of tobacco smoke components (TSCs) attenuated bone resorption through osteoclastogenesis inhibition, thereby retarding experimental tooth movement in a rat model. An elastic power chain (PC) inserted between the first and second maxillary molars robustly yielded experimental tooth movement within 10 days. TSC administration effectively retarded tooth movement since day 4. Histological evaluation disclosed that tooth movement induced bone resorption at two sites: in the bone marrow and the peripheral bone near the root. TSC administration significantly reduced the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclastic cells in the bone marrow cavity of the PC-treated dentition. An in vitro study indicated that the inhibitory effects of TSCs on osteoclastogenesis seemed directed more toward preosteoclasts than osteoblasts. These results indicate that the comprehensive mixture of TSCs might be a useful tool for detailed verification of the adverse effects of tobacco smoke, possibly contributing to the development of reliable treatments in various fields associated with bone resorption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuha Hanazonocho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan. mayayam0812@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Maya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagaie
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuha Hanazonocho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan. nishiura@cc.osaka-dent.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nishiura
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dental Research, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuha Hanazonocho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan. honda-y@cc.osaka-dent.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshitomo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuha Hanazonocho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan. fujiwara@cc.osaka-dent.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shin-Ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuha Hanazonocho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan. naoyuki@cc.osaka-dent.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D009538:Nicotine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D012906:Smoke / Q000032:analysis; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D007527:Isoenzymes; D012906:Smoke; D009538:Nicotine; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase