title: Sleepiness and cognition in young adults who gamble and use alcohol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Past research suggests that sleep problems are associated with increased risky decision-making. Similarly, gambling disorder and alcohol use disorder are also associated with increased risky decision-making. Individuals with gambling disorder or alcohol use disorder have also reported higher rates of sleep problems compared to normal healthy controls. As such, we sought to examine whether sleep problems play a role in the development of alcohol use disorder or gambling disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and forty-one individuals who gamble and use alcohol, yet do not meet criteria for gambling disorder or alcohol use disorder, were assessed to determine the correlation between sleepiness, amount of sleep obtained, decision-making, and alcohol or gambling behaviors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results suggest that inconsistent sleep patterns may be associated with increased frequency of alcohol use and gambling. We did not, however, find a significant correlation between sleep factors and decision-making.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further research is needed to examine the specific relationship between sleep patterns and alcohol use and gambling frequency. Overall these data suggest that sleepiness or sleep and risky decision-making is not a significant factor in gambling and alcohol use behaviors in individuals not meeting criteria for alcohol use disorder or gambling disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky College of Arts and Sciences, Lexington, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Arit M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Harvanko
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Katherine L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Derbyshire
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: R N Liana
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Jon E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Grant
keywords: alcohol; cognition; decision-making; gambling disorder; sleep