title: Quantification of stability in an agility drill using linear and nonlinear measures of variability.
abstract: This study implemented linear and nonlinear methods of measuring variability to determine differences in stability of two groups of skilled (n = 10) and unskilled (n = 10) participants performing 3m forward/backward shuttle agility drill. We also determined whether stability measures differed between the forward and backward segments of the drill. Finally, we sought to investigate whether local dynamic stability, measured using largest finite-time Lyapunov exponents, changed from distal to proximal lower extremity segments. Three-dimensional coordinates of five lower extremity markers data were recorded. Results revealed that the Lyapunov exponents were lower (P < 0.05) for skilled participants at all joint markers indicative of higher levels of local dynamic stability. Additionally, stability of motion did not differ between forward and backward segments of the drill (P > 0.05), signifying that almost the same control strategy was used in forward and backward directions by all participants, regardless of skill level. Furthermore, local dynamic stability increased from distal to proximal joints (P < 0.05) indicating that stability of proximal segments are prioritized by the neuromuscular control system. Finally, skilled participants displayed greater foot placement standard deviation values (P < 0.05), indicative of adaptation to task constraints. The results of this study provide new methods for sport scientists, coaches to characterize stability in agility drill performance.
authors.affiliation: Biomechanics and Sports Engineering Group, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mehdizadeh
authors.affiliation: Biomechanics and Sports Engineering Group, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmed Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Arshi
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sports Engineering Research, Sheffield Hallam University UK and School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology Australia.
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Davids
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D005528:Foot / Q000502:physiology*; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*