title: High Rate of Multiple Concurrent Human Papillomavirus Infections among HIV-Uninfected South African Adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The epidemiology and impact of multiple concurrent Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections on the natural history of cervical disease is uncertain, but could have significant implications for cervical cancer prevention and HPV vaccination strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional prevalence study was conducted to determine the overall prevalence of HPV and the rate of multiple concurrent HPV infections, in a cohort of sexually active HIV-uninfected South African adolescents. HPV genotyping was performed using the polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall prevalence of HPV was 64.1%. Multiple concurrent HPV infections were found in 43.6% of participants and 68% of HPV-infected participants. Non-vaccine high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) genotypes were found much more often than vaccine types (HPV16 and HPV18).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our cohort of young South African females was found to have a high overall prevalence of HPV and multiple concurrent HPV infections. Most HR-HPV infections found were genotypes other than HPV16 or HPV18.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.affiliation: Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Diepkloof, South Africa.
authors.forename: Fatima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Laher
authors.affiliation: Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wolfson Pavilion Level 3, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grzesik
authors.affiliation: Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation, Institute of Infectious Diseases & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Wolfson Pavilion Level 3, Anzio Road, OBSERVATORY 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jaspan
authors.affiliation: National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur Hospital and Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Linda-Gail
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Bekker
authors.forename: Glenda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Ziyaad
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Valley-Omar
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Allan
authors.forename: Anna-Lise
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Williamson
keywords: Adolescent; Human papillomavirus; Multiple concurrent infections; South Africa