title: Current challenges in air sampling of semivolatile organic contaminants: sampling artifacts and their influence on data comparability.
abstract: With current science and policy needs, more attention is being given to expanding and improving air sampling of semivolatile organic contaminants (SVOCs). However, a wide range of techniques and configurations are currently used (active and passive samplers, different deployment times, different sorbents, etc.) and as the SVOC community looks to assess air measurements on a global scale, questions of comparability arise. We review current air sampling techniques, with a focus on sampling artifacts that can lead to uncertainties or biases in reported concentrations, in particular breakthrough, degradation, meteorological influences, and assumptions regarding passive sampling. From this assessment, we estimate the bias introduced for SVOC concentrations from all factors. Due to the effects of breakthrough, degradation, particle fractions and sampler uptake periods, some current passive and active sampler configurations may underestimate certain SVOCs by 30-95%. We then recommend future study design, appropriateness of sampler types for different study goals, and finally, how the SVOC community should move forward in both research and monitoring to best achieve comparability and consistency in air measurements.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University , Kamenice 5/753, Pavilon A29, Brno 62500, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Melymuk
authors.forename: Pernilla
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bohlin
authors.forename: Ondřej
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sáňka
authors.forename: Karla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pozo
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klánová
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D016477:Artifacts; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds