title: Lymphocytes can self-steer passively with wind vane uropods.
abstract: A wide variety of cells migrate directionally in response to chemical or mechanical cues, however the mechanisms involved in cue detection and translation into directed movement are debatable. Here we investigate a model of lymphocyte migration on the inner surface of blood vessels. Cells orient their migration against fluid flow, suggesting the existence of an adaptive mechano-tranduction mechanism. We find that flow detection may not require molecular mechano-sensors of shear stress, and detection of flow direction can be achieved by the orientation in the flow of the non-adherent cell rear, the uropod. Uropods act as microscopic wind vanes that can transmit detection of flow direction into cell steering via the on-going machinery of polarity maintenance, without the need for novel internal guidance signalling triggered by flow. Contrary to chemotaxis, which implies active regulation of cue-dependent signalling, upstream flow mechanotaxis of lymphocytes may only rely on a passive self-steering mechanism.
authors.affiliation: 1] Laboratory Adhesion &Inflammation, Aix Marseille Université, LAI UM 61, Marseille F-13288, France [2] Inserm, UMR_S 1067, Marseille F-13288, France [3] CNRS, UMR 7333, Marseille F-13288, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Pierre
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Valignat
authors.affiliation: 1] Laboratory Adhesion &Inflammation, Aix Marseille Université, LAI UM 61, Marseille F-13288, France [2] Inserm, UMR_S 1067, Marseille F-13288, France [3] CNRS, UMR 7333, Marseille F-13288, France [4] APHM, Hôpital de la Conception, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Marseille F-13385, France.
authors.forename: Paulin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nègre
authors.affiliation: 1] Laboratory Adhesion &Inflammation, Aix Marseille Université, LAI UM 61, Marseille F-13288, France [2] Inserm, UMR_S 1067, Marseille F-13288, France [3] CNRS, UMR 7333, Marseille F-13288, France.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cadra
authors.affiliation: 1] Laboratory Adhesion &Inflammation, Aix Marseille Université, LAI UM 61, Marseille F-13288, France [2] Inserm, UMR_S 1067, Marseille F-13288, France [3] CNRS, UMR 7333, Marseille F-13288, France.
authors.forename: Annemarie C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Lellouch
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS, MSC UMR 7057, Paris F-75205, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gallet
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS, MSC UMR 7057, Paris F-75205, France.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hénon
authors.affiliation: 1] Laboratory Adhesion &Inflammation, Aix Marseille Université, LAI UM 61, Marseille F-13288, France [2] Inserm, UMR_S 1067, Marseille F-13288, France [3] CNRS, UMR 7333, Marseille F-13288, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Theodoly
mesh_terms: D000205:Actomyosin / Q000378:metabolism; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000378:metabolism; D002465:Cell Movement; D016764:Cell Polarity; D002633:Chemotaxis; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D040542:Mechanotransduction, Cellular; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology; D033081:Shear Strength; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D000205:Actomyosin