title: Analysis of urinary stone composition in Eastern India by X-ray diffraction crystallography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stones in the urinary system are common in our country. This study was done to assess the composition of the urinary stones in eastern part of India.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was done over a period of thirty months. A total of 90 stones were analyzed in this time period by using X-ray diffraction crystallography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 90 stones analyzed, 77 were renal stones, 12 were ureteric stones and one was a bladder stone. Six stones (all renal) did not have properties to be represented by X-ray diffraction crystallography. The overall prevalence of the oxalate containing stones was 85.7% with calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) being the major constituent. Calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) was the next most common constituent. Struvite stones constituted 9.5% of the stones analyzed. Pure calcium phosphate stones were found in 4.7% of the cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study reveals that the stone composition in the eastern part of India is different from that in other parts of the country. We have a comparatively lower prevalence of oxalate stones while a higher prevalence of phosphate and struvite stones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Tarun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jindal
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Soumendra Nath
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Mandal
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sonar
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Mir Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kamal
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Nabankur
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Dilip
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Karmakar
keywords: India; renal stones; stone analysis; stones