title: Dental arch response to Haas-type rapid maxillary expansion anchored to deciduous vs permanent molars: A multicentric randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess maxilla and mandibular arch widths' response to Haas-type rapid maxillary expansion (RME) anchored to deciduous vs permanent molars on children with unilateral posterior crossbite.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy patients with unilateral posterior crossbite recruited at the Universities of Genova, Siena, and Insubria (Varese) were randomly located into GrE (RME on second deciduous molars) or Gr6 (RME on first permanent molars) and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Upper intermolar distance and permanent molar angulation increased significantly in Gr6 vs GrE at T1. Upper intercanine distance increased significantly in GrE vs Gr6 at T1 and T2. GrE showed significant increases for upper intermolar and upper intercanine widths. Gr6 showed statistically significant increases for upper intermolar widths, for upper and lower intercanine widths, and for increases of angulation of upper and lower permanent molars.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GrE showed reduced molar angulation increases at T1 and reduced molar angulation decreases at T2 when compared with Gr6. At T2, the net increase of the upper intercanine distance in GrE was still significant compared with Gr6, indicating a more stable expansion in the anterior area.
authors.affiliation: a  Research Fellow, Department of Orthodontics, University of Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ugolini
authors.affiliation: b  Private practice, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cerruto
authors.affiliation: c  Research Fellow, Tuscan School of Dental Medicine, University of Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Di Vece
authors.affiliation: d  Research Fellow, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Luis Huanca
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Ghislanzoni
authors.affiliation: e  Professor, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiarella
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sforza
authors.affiliation: f  Professor, Tuscan School of Dental Medicine, University of Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Doldo
authors.affiliation: g  Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Silvestrini-Biavati
authors.affiliation: h  Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caprioglio
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D003481:Cuspid / Q000473:pathology; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000473:pathology*; D003818:Dentition, Mixed; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008311:Malocclusion, Angle Class I / Q000628:therapy; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology*; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D010155:Palatal Expansion Technique / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000033:anatomy & histology*
keywords: Deciduous vs permanent molars; Multicentric randomized trial; Rapid maxillary expansion; Three-dimensional