title: Analysis of Landmine Fatalities and Injuries in the Kurdistan Region.
abstract: This study analyzes landmine victim data in the Kurdistan Region during the period 1960 to 2005. A regression analysis is used to identify the determinants and impact of the probability of getting killed by mines and unexploded ordnances. The rates of killed/injured victims are explained using a set of socioeconomic variables. As the data are a repeated cross-section in which the individuals are observed when they are subjected to landmine incidents, and to account for the dynamic aspect of the process and heterogeneity by location as well as to control for unobserved location and time effects, a pseudo panel data are created where districts are observed over the entire time period forming a panel data. The results show that (a) males, children, and the elderly are more susceptible to a higher level of landmine risks; (b) landmine training and awareness programs do not reduce the rate of landmine mortality; and (c) the rate of incidents are declining over time. This result can be used in the planning, monitoring, and resource allocation for mine action, as well as labor market programs and rehabilitation activities.
authors.affiliation: Jönköping University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Almas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heshmati
authors.affiliation: Seoul National University, South Korea nabaz@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Nabaz T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Khayyat
mesh_terms: D000346:Afghanistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D001753:Blast Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D053834:Explosive Agents; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D000067398:War-Related Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D053834:Explosive Agents
keywords: Kurdistan; landmine; pseudo panel data; unexploded ordnance; victims