title: Mixture design approach for early stage formulation development of a transdermal delivery system.
abstract: Transdermal delivery systems (TDS) consisting of mixtures of adhesives also named multiple polymer adhesive systems are rarely found in the market and research has only been performed on a few of them. Following the principles of ICH Q8, a Design of Experiments (DOE) approach was selected for the formulation development. For evaluation of the statistical method of "mixture design", blends of silicon adhesive, acrylic adhesive, oleyl alcohol as a surfactant and ibuprofen as a model drug were considered to be combined at different concentrations. A randomized design of 16 runs with five replicates and five runs to estimate the lack of fit (LOF) was generated. Samples were tested for adhesion properties, stability of the wet mixes, solubility of the API in the matrix and appearance of the matrix. After performing an ANOVA with the results, response surfaces of tack, shear adhesion, extent of creaming, crystallization behavior, droplet size and droplet size range were derived as contour plots. It could be shown that crystal growth of ibuprofen correlates well with droplet size and droplet size range, where lowest values for crystallization were found with mixtures containing small droplets. However, it was observed that oleyl alcohol showed no positive effect on the miscibility of the polymers and no improvement of the solubility of ibuprofen in the mixtures. With a reasonable number of experiments, the development of a design space for a TDS via mixture design gave valuable information on the product as well as on the interactions of the components.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology , University of Hamburg , Hamburg , Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Michaelis
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Leopold
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D000269:Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D003460:Crystallization; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000737:chemistry; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012825:Silicon / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D057968:Transdermal Patch
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D011108:Polymers; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C010268:oleyl alcohol; D007052:Ibuprofen; D012825:Silicon
keywords: Design of experiments; ICH Q8; mixture experiment; multiple polymer adhesive system; polymer blend; quality by design; transdermal patch