title: Isotropic actomyosin dynamics promote organization of the apical cell cortex in epithelial cells.
abstract: Although cortical actin plays an important role in cellular mechanics and morphogenesis, there is surprisingly little information on cortex organization at the apical surface of cells. In this paper, we characterize organization and dynamics of microvilli (MV) and a previously unappreciated actomyosin network at the apical surface of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. In contrast to short and static MV in confluent cells, the apical surfaces of nonconfluent epithelial cells (ECs) form highly dynamic protrusions, which are often oriented along the plane of the membrane. These dynamic MV exhibit complex and spatially correlated reorganization, which is dependent on myosin II activity. Surprisingly, myosin II is organized into an extensive network of filaments spanning the entire apical membrane in nonconfluent ECs. Dynamic MV, myosin filaments, and their associated actin filaments form an interconnected, prestressed network. Interestingly, this network regulates lateral mobility of apical membrane probes such as integrins or epidermal growth factor receptors, suggesting that coordinated actomyosin dynamics contributes to apical cell membrane organization.
authors.affiliation: Cellular Dynamics and Cell Patterning and Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging and Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging and Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Klingner
authors.affiliation: Cellular Dynamics and Cell Patterning and Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
authors.forename: Anoop V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Cherian
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging and Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging and Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fels
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Computational Biology & Biophysics, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.
authors.forename: Philipp M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Diesinger
authors.affiliation: Cellular Dynamics and Cell Patterning and Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging and Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging and Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aufschnaiter
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maghelli
authors.affiliation: Cellular Dynamics and Cell Patterning and Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Keil
authors.affiliation: Cellular Dynamics and Cell Patterning and Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging and Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging and Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Gisela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Iva M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Tolić-Nørrelykke
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Computational Biology & Biophysics, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bathe
authors.affiliation: Cellular Dynamics and Cell Patterning and Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging and Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging and Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany wedlich@uni-muenster.de.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wedlich-Soldner
mesh_terms: D000205:Actomyosin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004285:Dogs; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D006576:Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007365:Intercellular Junctions; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D061985:Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; D008871:Microvilli / Q000502:physiology*; D024462:Myosin Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006576:Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings; C472645:blebbistatin; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D000205:Actomyosin; D024462:Myosin Type II