title: An evaluation of polio supplemental immunization activities in Kano, Katsina, and Zamfara States, Nigeria: lessons in progress.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As 1 of 3 remaining poliovirus-endemic countries, Nigeria has become key to the global polio eradication effort. We evaluated supplemental immunization activities, including team performance, communications/mobilization activities, and vaccine acceptance, in 3 high-risk states.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used structured survey and observation instruments, document review, and stakeholder interviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Observations or surveys were conducted at 1697 households. Vaccine acceptance ranged from 87%-94%; among households rejecting polio vaccine, 38% of mothers sought measles vaccine for their children. Teams performed between 4%-42% of assigned tasks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acceptance is high but teams have a critical role in surmounting residual vaccine resistance.
authors.affiliation: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global Immunization Division, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Victoria M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Gammino
authors.affiliation: National Primary Health Care Development Agency of Nigeria, Area 11.
authors.forename: Adamu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nuhu
authors.affiliation: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global Immunization Division, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gerber
authors.affiliation: Expanded Programme on Immunization, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gasasira
authors.affiliation: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global Immunization Division, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Sugerman
authors.affiliation: Expanded Programme on Immunization, World Health Organization, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Fadinding
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Manneh
authors.affiliation: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global Immunization Division, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chenoweth
authors.affiliation: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global Immunization Division, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Molly R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kurnit
authors.affiliation: National Primary Health Care Development Agency of Nigeria, Area 11.
authors.forename: Emmanuel A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Abanida
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011051:Poliomyelitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D023321:Poliovirus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D023321:Poliovirus Vaccines
keywords: Nigeria; eradication; evaluation; immunization; microplanning; outbreak; polio; social mobilization; structured observation; survey