title: Evaluation of the efficacy, safety, and acceptability of an eyelid warming device for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction.
abstract: Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is widespread and has significant impact on patients' quality of life. Eyelid hygiene is the mainstay of treatment but is unstandardized and requires commitment from the patient and encouragement from the ophthalmologist. Blephasteam(®) is an eyelid warming device designed to be an easy-to-use and standardized treatment for MGD. In the present study, 73 patients were treated for 21 days with twice daily Blephasteam(®) sessions. The primary efficacy variable, a symptomatology visual analog scale score, declined from 63.07±21.23 (mean ± standard deviation) on day 0 to 41.90±25.49 on day 21. There were also improvements in a number of secondary efficacy variables including subjective ocular symptoms and clinical signs and symptoms of MGD and dry eye, though tear film breakup time and tear osmolarity were not improved. Global efficacy was assessed as satisfactory or very satisfactory in 83.8% of cases. Patient-reported subjective ocular symptoms declined during the study, and a majority of patients rated the efficacy of Blephasteam(®) as satisfactory or very satisfactory. Most patients found the device comfortable and were able to continue with normal activities (reading, watching TV, using a computer) during the Blephasteam(®) session. No safety or tolerability issues were identified.
authors.affiliation: Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Benitez Del Castillo
authors.affiliation: Augenarztpraxis, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaercher
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tjongerschans Hospital, Heerenveen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Khaled
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mansour
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Silesia, District Railway Hospital, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wylegala
authors.affiliation: Division of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye ENT Centre, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Harminder
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dua
keywords: Blephasteam®; dry eye