title: Antiepileptic and Antioxidant Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Ferula Assa Foetida Gum on Pentylentetrazole- induced Kindling in Male Mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Considering the prevalence of epilepsy and the failure of available treatments for many epileptic patients, finding more effective drugs in the treatment of epilepsy seems necessary. Oxidative stress has a special role in the pathogenesis of epileptic syndrome. Therefore, in the present study, we have examined the anti-epileptic and anti-oxidant properties of the Ferula Assa Foetida gum extract, using the pentylentetrazole (PTZ) kindling method. In this experimental study, sixty male Albino mice weighing 25-30 g were selected and were randomly divided into 6 groups. 1- the control group, 2- PTZ-kindled mice, 3- positive control group which received valproate (100 mg/kg) as anti-convulsant drug, 4-5 & 6- the groups of kindled mice that pretreated with 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg doses of Ferula Assa Foetida gum extract.
  
  
  METHODS
  Kindling has been induced in all groups, except for the control group via 11 PTZ injections (35 mg /kg; ip) every other day for 22 days. In the 24th day, the PTZ challenge dose was injected (75 mg / kg) to all groups except the control group. The intensity of seizures were observed and noted until 30 minutes after PTZ injection. At list, the mice were decapitated and the brains of all the mice were removed.. and their biochemical factors levels including malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide (NO) were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results of this study show that Ferula Assa Foetida gum extract is able to reduce seizure duration and its intensity. In addition, this extract has reduced MDA and NO levels and increased the level of SOD in the brain tissue compared to the PTZ- kindled mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be concluded that Ferula Assa Foetida gum extract, in specific doses, is able to show an anti-epileptic effect because of its antioxidant properties, probably acting through an enzyme activity mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Neurophysiology Research Centre, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kiasalari
authors.affiliation: Neurophysiology Research Centre, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khalili
authors.affiliation: Neurophysiology Research Centre, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehrdad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roghani
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology. Faculty of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz; Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heidari
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran.
authors.forename: Yaser
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Azizi
keywords: Epilepsy; Ferula Assa Foetida; Malondialdehyde; Nitric Oxide; PTZ; Superoxide Dismutase