title: Determining the polymer threshold amount for achieving robust drug release from HPMC and HPC matrix tablets containing a high-dose BCS class I model drug: in vitro and in vivo studies.
abstract: It is challenging to achieve mechanically robust drug-release profiles from hydrophilic matrices containing a high dose of a drug with good solubility. However, a mechanically robust drug release over prolonged period of time can be achieved, especially if the viscosity and amount of the polymer is sufficiently high, above the "threshold values." The goal of this research was to determine the hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) polymer threshold amount that would enable robust drug release from matrix tablets containing a high dose of levetiracetam as a class I model drug according to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS). For this purpose, formulations containing HPC or HPMC of similar viscosity range, but in different amounts, were prepared. Based on the dissolution results, two final formulations were selected for additional in vitro and in vivo evaluation to confirm the robustness and to show bioequivalence. Tablets were exposed to various stress conditions in vitro with the use of different mechanically stress-inducing dissolution methods. The in vitro results were compared with in vivo results obtained from fasted and fed bioequivalence studies. Under both conditions, the formulations were bioequivalent and food had a negligible influence on the pharmacokinetic parameters C max and area under the curve (AUC). It was concluded that the drug release from both selected formulations is mechanically robust and that HPC and HPMC polymers with intrinsic viscosities above 9 dL/g and in quantities above 30% enable good mechanical resistance, which ensures bioequivalence. In addition, HPC matrices were found to be more mechanically robust compared to HPMC.
authors.affiliation: Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d, Verovškova 57, 1526, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Uroš
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Klančar
authors.forename: Saša
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baumgartner
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Legen
authors.forename: Polona
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Smrdel
authors.forename: Nataša Jeraj
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Kampuš
authors.forename: Dejan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Krajcar
authors.forename: Boštjan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Markun
authors.forename: Klemen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kočevar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D065546:Drug Liberation / Q000502:physiology*; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010889:Piracetam / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D013607:Tablets / Q000737:chemistry*; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency; D014783:Viscosity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D011108:Polymers; D013607:Tablets; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D002482:Cellulose; C008079:hydroxypropylcellulose; D010889:Piracetam