title: Inflammatory cytokines kinetics define the severity and phase of nephropathia epidemica.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nephropathia epidemica (NE) is a form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome associated with the Puumala virus species of Hantavirus. The pathogenesis of NE is not well understood; therefore, investigating the inflammatory cytokine response to infection may provide useful knowledge in deciphering the pathophysiology of NE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using Luminex and ELISA, we analyzed the serum of 137 NE cases and 44 controls to investigate if serum cytokines associate with different clinical presentations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β are associated with disease severity while upregulation of IL-6, CXCL10, CCL2 and CCL3 are associated with clinical presentation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inflammatory cytokine kinetics associate with the severity and phase of NE. Our data support a role for inflammatory cytokines in the pathophysiology of NE.
authors.affiliation: Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Asia A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Baigildina
authors.forename: Svetlana F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Khaiboullina
authors.forename: Ekaterina V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Martynova
authors.forename: Vladimir A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Anokhin
authors.forename: Vincent C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Lombardi
authors.forename: Albert A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Rizvanov
mesh_terms: D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood; D054405:Chemokine CCL3 / Q000097:blood; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006480:Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: HRFS; Hantavirus; Puumala virus; cytokine; nephropathia epidemica