title: The implications of regional and national demographic projections for future GMS costs in Ireland through to 2026.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As the health services in Ireland have become more resource-constrained, pressure has increased to reduce public spending on community drug schemes such as General Medical Services (GMS) drug prescribing and to understand current and future trends in prescribing. The GMS scheme covers approximately 37% of the Irish population in 2011 and entitles them, inter alia, to free prescription drugs and appliances. This paper projects the effects of future changes in population, coverage, claims rates and average claims cost on GMS costs in Ireland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on GMS coverage, claims rates and average cost per claim are drawn from the Primary Care Reimbursement Service (PCRS) and combined with Central Statistics Office (CSO) (Regional and National Population Projections through to 2026). A Monte Carlo Model is used to simulate the effects of demographic change (by region, age, gender, coverage, claims rates and average claims cost) will have on GMS prescribing costs in 2016, 2021 and 2026 under different scenarios.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Population of Ireland is projected to grow by 32% between 2007 and 2026 and by 96% for the over 70s. The Eastern region is estimated to grow by 3% over the lifetime of the projections at the expense of most other regions. The Monte Carlo simulations project that females will be a bigger driver of GMS costs than males. Midlands region will be the most expensive of the eight old health board regions. Those aged 70 and over and children under 11 will be significant drivers of GMS costs with the impending demographic changes. Overall GMS medicines costs are projected to rise to €1.9bn by 2026.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ireland's population will experience rapid growth over the next decade. Population growth coupled with an aging population will result in an increase in coverage rates, thus the projected increase in overall prescribing costs. Our projections and simulations map the likely evolution of GMS cost, given existing policies and demographic trends. These costs can be contained by government policy initiatives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Management & Enterprise, Cork Institute of Technology, Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, Cork City, Ireland. aisling.conway@cit.ie.
authors.forename: Aisling
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Conway
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kenneally
authors.forename: Noel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thummel
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ryan
mesh_terms: D003363:Cost Control / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003710:Demography; D016527:Drug Costs / Q000639:trends*; D005260:Female; D005102:Health Expenditures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D007345:Insurance Claim Review / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007494:Ireland; D008297:Male; D055553:Prescription Drugs / Q000191:economics*; D013222:State Medicine / Q000191:economics*
chemical_list: D055553:Prescription Drugs