title: Subjective discomfort in children receiving 3 T MRI and experienced adults' perspective on children's tolerability of 7 T: a cross-sectional questionnaire survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the possible discomfort perceived by children participating in 7 T MRI research, and the age range in which children are most likely to tolerate it well.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey using age-appropriate questionnaires containing six measures of subjective discomfort (general discomfort, dizziness, noisiness, claustrophobia and feeling of cold or warm).
  
  
  METHODS
  For children, 3 T clinical scanner in a tertiary referral teaching hospital; for adults, 3 and 7 T scanner in a university research building.
  
  
  METHODS
  Non-sedated children and young people under 18 years of age who underwent 3 T clinical MRI for brain or musculoskeletal scans and adult volunteers attending 7 T with or without 3 T for brain scans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  83% (89/107) of involved individuals returned questionnaires. The most common discomfort among 31 children receiving 3 T MRI was noisiness (39%), followed by cold (19%), general discomfort (16%), dizziness (13%) and claustrophobia (10%). The noise was reported more frequently in children younger than 12 years than those older (p=0.021). The most common discomfort for 58 adults receiving 7 T MRI was noisiness (43%). In adults, there was a higher frequency of general discomfort during 7 than 3 T scans (p=0.031). More than 85% of adult respondents thought children aged 12-17 years would tolerate 7 T scans well, but only 35% and 15% thought children aged 10-11 and 8-9 years, respectively, would.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Noisiness was the most common discomfort across all ages in 3 and 7 T scanners. Although general discomfort was more common during 7 than 3 T scans in adults, most adults thought children aged 12 years or more would tolerate 7 T MRI well. Cautious enrolment of children in 7 T MRI study is warranted, but until there is more evidence of how well those aged 12 years or more tolerate 7 T MRI, we would caution against enrolling younger children.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.|Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.|Division of Paediatric Neurology and Paediatric General Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: I-Jun
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Tench
authors.affiliation: Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Penny
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gowland
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals Trust, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jaspan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals Trust, Nottingham, UK.|Division of Radiological and Imaging Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Rob A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dineen
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Nikos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Evangelou
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Rasha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abdel-Fahim
authors.affiliation: Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.|Department of Paediatric Neurology, Nottingham Children's Hospital, Nottingham University Hospitals Trust, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: William P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Whitehouse
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Cris S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Constantinescu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004244:Dizziness / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009622:Noise; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult