title: [The physiology of glucagon-like peptide-1 and its role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus].
abstract: The hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is synthesized and secreted by L cells in the small intestine in response to food ingestion. After reaching the general circulation it has a half-life of 2-3 minutes due to degradation by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4. Its physiological role is directed to control plasma glucose concentration, though GLP-1 also plays other different metabolic functions following nutrient absorption. Biological activities of GLP-1 include stimulation of insulin biosynthesis and glucose-dependent insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cell, inhibition of glucagon secretion, delay of gastric emptying and inhibition of food intake. GLP-1 is able to reduce plasma glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes and also can restore beta cell sensitivity to exogenous secretagogues, suggesting that the increasing GLP-1 concentration may be an useful therapeutic strategy for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España. Electronic address: fescalada@unav.es.
authors.forename: Francisco Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Escalada
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide / Q000378:metabolism; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054795:Incretins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D054795:Incretins; D007328:Insulin; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
keywords: Análogos del GLP-1; Beta cell; Célula beta; DPP-4; Diabetes mellitus tipo 2; GIP; GLP-1; GLP-1 analogs; Gastric emptying; Glucagon; Glucagón; Insulin; Insulina; Obesidad; Obesity; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Vaciamiento gástrico