title: Age-related increase in brain activity during task-related and -negative networks and numerical inductive reasoning.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent neuroimaging studies have shown that elderly adults exhibit increased and decreased activation on various cognitive tasks, yet little is known about age-related changes in inductive reasoning.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate the neural basis for the aging effect on inductive reasoning, 15 young and 15 elderly subjects performed numerical inductive reasoning while in a magnetic resonance (MR) scanner.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis revealed that numerical inductive reasoning, relative to rest, yielded multiple frontal, temporal, parietal, and some subcortical area activations for both age groups. In addition, the younger participants showed significant regions of task-induced deactivation, while no deactivation occurred in the elderly adults. Direct group comparisons showed that elderly adults exhibited greater activity in regions of task-related activation and areas showing task-induced deactivation (TID) in the younger group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest an age-related deficiency in neural function and resource allocation during inductive reasoning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing 100053, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing 100053, China.
authors.forename: Peipeng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing 100053, China.
authors.forename: Xiuqin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing 100053, China.
authors.forename: Zhigang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing 100053, China.
authors.forename: Kuncheng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D058256:Brain Waves; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D055641:Mathematical Concepts; D008875:Middle Aged; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D013850:Thinking; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Aging; fMRI; numerical inductive reasoning