title: Obesity in kidney disease: A heavyweight opponent.
abstract: Obesity is an important worldwide challenge that must be faced in most developed and developing countries because of unhealthy nutritional habits. The consequences of obesity and being overweight are observed in different organs, but the kidney is one of the most affected. Excess adipose tissue causes hemodynamic alterations in the kidney that can result in renal disease. However, obesity is also commonly associated with other comorbidities such as chronic inflammation, hypertension and diabetes. This association of several aggravating factors is still a matter of concern in clinical and basic research because the pathophysiologic mechanisms surrounding chronic kidney disease development in obese patients remain unclear. This review will discuss the consequences of obesity in the context of renal injury.
authors.affiliation: Raphael Jose Ferreira Felizardo, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raphael Jose Ferreira
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Felizardo
authors.affiliation: Raphael Jose Ferreira Felizardo, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marina Burgos
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Raphael Jose Ferreira Felizardo, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristhiane Favero
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Aguiar
authors.affiliation: Raphael Jose Ferreira Felizardo, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil.
authors.forename: Niels Olsen Saraiva
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Câmara
keywords: Diabetes; Kidney disease; Obesity; Overweight; Renin-angiotensin system