title: Changes in the hemolymph protein profiles in Galleria mellonella infected with Bacillus thuringiensis involve apolipophorin III. The effect of heat shock.
abstract: This report concerns the effect of heat shock on host-pathogen interaction in Galleria mellonella infected with Bacillus thuringiensis. We show enhanced activity against Gram-positive bacteria in the hemolymph of larvae pre-exposed to heat shock before infection with B. thuringiensis. Heat shock influenced the protein pattern in the hemolymph of infected larvae: more peptides with a molecular weight below 10 kDa were detected in comparison with nonshocked animals. Additionally, we noticed that the amount of apolipophorin III (apoLp-III) in the hemolymph decreased transiently following infection, which was considerably higher in larvae pre-exposed to heat shock. On the other hand, its expression in the fat body showed a consequent infection-induced decline, observed equally in shocked and nonshocked animals. This suggests that the amount of apoLp-III in the hemolymph of G. mellonella larvae is regulated at multiple levels. We also report that this protein is more resistant to degradation in the hemolymph of larvae pre-exposed to heat shock in comparison to nonshocked larvae. Two-dimensional analysis revealed the presence of three isoforms of apoLp-III, all susceptible to proteolytic degradation. However, one of them was the most abundant, both in the protease-treated and untreated hemolymph. Taking into consideration that, in general, apoLp-III has a stimulative effect on different immune-related hemolymph proteins and peptides, the reported findings bring us closer to understanding the effect of heat shock on the resistance of G. mellonella to infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Taszłow
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wojda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000502:physiology; D005216:Fat Body / Q000378:metabolism; D018869:Heat-Shock Response; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000378:metabolism*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D007814:Larva / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D009036:Moths / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D059748:Proteolysis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; C042470:apolipophorin III; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases
keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis; Galleria mellonella; apolipophorin III; heat shock; infection