title: Sanctions as a tactic used in partner conflicts: theoretical, operational, and preliminary findings.
abstract: Partner sanction in this study is a form/tactic of violence, much like verbal and physical violence, which partners use toward each other during their conflicts. The partner sanction embodies a temporary deprivation of a mutually agreed-on right. The purpose of this study is to develop a theoretical and operational framework of sanctions partners use. The study sampled 74 heterosexual couples from the general population (148 male and female participants). The findings support the validity and reliability of the sanction measurement. Furthermore, findings indicate that the use of sanctions between partners is highly prevalent among men and women in the general population; that the more one partner uses sanctions, the more the other partner uses it; and that sanctions are strongly associated with other violent tactics partners use in their conflict (i.e., verbal and physical). Theoretical and empirical implications of the theoretical framework and the findings are discussed, including the role of sanctions in partner conflicts that escalate to severe forms of violence.
authors.affiliation: University of Haifa, Israel zeevwin@research.haifa.ac.il.
authors.forename: Zeev
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Winstok
authors.affiliation: University of Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Ronit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smadar-Dror
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011209:Power, Psychological; D015995:Prevalence; D011902:Rape / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: conflict escalation; gender symmetry; partner violence; physical attack; psychological abuse; sanctions; verbal aggression