title: Combined strength and endurance session order: differences in force production and oxygen uptake.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine acute responses of force production and oxygen uptake to combined strength (S) and endurance-running (E) loading sessions in which the order of exercises is reversed (ES vs SE).
  
  
  METHODS
  This crossover study design included recreationally endurance-trained men and women (age 21-45 y; n=12 men, 10 women) who performed ES and SE loadings. Force production of the lower extremities including countermovement-jump height (CMJ) and maximal isometric strength (MVC) was measured pre-, mid-, and post-ES and -SE, and ground-reaction forces, ground-reaction times, and running economy were measured during E.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant decrease in CMJ was observed after combined ES and SE in men (4.5%±7.0% and 6.6%±7.7%, respectively) but not in women (0.2%±8.5% and 1.4%±7.3% in ES and SE). MVC decreased significantly in both men (20.7%±6.1% ES and 19.3%±9.4% SE) and women (12.4%±9.3% ES and 11.6%±12.0% SE). Stride length decreased significantly in ES and SE men, but not in women. No changes were observed in ground-reaction times during running in men or women. Performing S before E caused greater (P<.01) oxygen uptake during running in both men and women than if E was performed before S, although heart rate and blood lactate were similar between ES and SE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Performing S before E increased oxygen uptake during E, which is explained, in part, by a decrease in MVC in both men and women, decreased CMJ and stride length in men, and/or an increase in postexercise oxygen consumption.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: Ritva S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Taipale
authors.forename: Jussi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mikkola
authors.forename: Ari T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Nummela
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sorvisto
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nyman
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kyröläinen
authors.forename: Keijo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Häkkinen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult