title: Serum prorenin levels are not associated with ocular diseases in non-diabetic subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine if the serum prorenin level is useful for detecting ocular disease in a non-diabetic population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled non-diabetic men (n = 402) and women (n = 349) in our study. We used the antibody-activating direct enzyme kinetic assay of human prorenin to determine serum prorenin levels. We performed multiple regression analysis to determine the factors that affect serum prorenin levels, such as: age, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, and HbA1c or estimated glomerular filtration rate. Our study subjects were divided into groups by their ophthalmologic diagnosis. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to detect a significant difference in the serum prorenin levels among the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in serum prorenin levels among the ocular diseases and disorders. The DBP was negatively correlated with serum prorenin levels in men (r = - 0.1992; p = 0.021) and in women (r = - 0.2067; p = 0.031).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering the current results and those of previous studies together, we found that the prorenin value is useful solely for predicting development of diabetic retinopathy in adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan atokoy18@asahikawa-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Harumasa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Taiji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagaoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Akito
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimouchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Akitoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002784:Cholesterol; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008055:Lipids; D012083:Renin
keywords: Biomarkers; diabetic retinopathy; diastolic blood pressure; eye; human subjects; immunoassay; non-diabetic population; ocular disease; prorenin; prorenin receptor; retina; retinopathy; serological assay