title: Development of an analytical method for assessment of silver nanoparticle content in biological matrices by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
abstract: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are a broad class of synthetic nanoparticles that are utilized in a wide variety of consumer products as antimicrobial agents. Despite their widespread use, a detailed understanding of their toxicological characteristics and biological and environmental hazards is not available. To support research into the biodistribution and toxicology of AgNPs, it is necessary to develop a suitable method for the assessment of AgNP content in biological samples. Two methods were developed and validated to analyze citrate-coated AgNP content that utilize acid digestion of rodent feces and liver tissue samples, and a third method was developed for the dilution and direct analysis of rodent urine samples. Following sample preparation, the silver content of each sample was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to quantify the silver and AgNP levels present. Analysis of rat feces matrix yielded analytical recoveries ranging from 82 to 93 %. Liver tissue spiked with a formulation of AgNPs over a range of concentrations yielded analytical recoveries between 88 and 90 %, providing acceptable accuracy results. The analysis of silver in urine samples exhibited recovery values ranging from 80 to 85 % for AgNP formulations and 62-84 % for standard silver ion solutions. All determinations exhibited a high degree of analytical precision. The results obtained here suggest that matrix interference plays a minimal role in AgNP recovery in feces and liver tissue, while the urine matrix can exhibit a significant effect on the determination of silver content.
authors.affiliation: Trace Inorganics Department, Discovery Science Technology, RTI International, 3040 E Cornwallis Rd, PO Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
authors.forename: Eric P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Poitras
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Harrington
authors.forename: Amal S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Essader
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Fennell
authors.forename: Rodney W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: Sherry L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Susan S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Sumner
authors.forename: Keith E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000032:analysis / Q000145:classification; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012834:Silver / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D012834:Silver