title: Impact of CD4+ lymphocytes and HIV infection on Anti-Müllerian Hormone levels in a large cohort of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Effects of HIV infection on ovarian function and aging are unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) levels were analyzed in 2621 HIV-infected and 941 uninfected participants using left-censored longitudinal models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age-adjusted AMH levels were 16% lower in women with undetectable viraemia and 26% lower in detectable viraemia, relative to uninfected women. Current CD4 count associated with higher AMH in both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women. After controlling for current and nadir CD4, AMH was ~15% higher in HIV-infected relative to uninfected women, regardless of HIV viraemia. Gravidity, amenorrhea, and nadir total lymphocyte counts associated with higher AMH; hormonal contraceptive use and past weight loss associated with lower AMH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CD4 +  lymphocyte counts were associated with AMH in both HIV-infected and uninfected women. After adjustment for CD4 counts and age, HIV infection was associated with higher AMH. CD4 T cells and cellular activation may influence ovarian granulosa cell function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, San Francisco School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scherzer
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bacchetti
authors.forename: Geralyn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Messerlian
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goderre
authors.forename: Pauline M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Maki
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Seifer
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Anastos
authors.forename: Roksana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Karim
authors.forename: Ruth M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Greenblatt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood; D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010053:Ovary / Q000503:physiopathology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D017584:Reproductive History; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014766:Viremia / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D012367:RNA, Viral; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone
keywords: Anti-Müllerian hormone; CD4 lymphocytes; HIV; menopause; ovarian follicle