title: Effects of dietary tin on growth performance, hematology, serum biochemistry, antioxidant status, and tin retention in broilers.
abstract: Tin (Sn) is widely used in daily life and distributed in many tissues and nutrients. Although over-ingestion of Sn can cause health problems, relatively little attention has been given to the toxic effects of Sn in livestock health and productivity. This study was performed to investigate the toxic effects of prolonged high intake of dietary Sn on broilers. 150 one-day-old Avian broilers were randomly divided into five treatment groups, with five replicates of six birds. For 6 weeks, each group was fed a corn-soybean basal diet (BD) or BD + Sn (as SnCl2) at 120, 240, 480, or 720 mg/kg, respectively. Compared with the control, hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were significantly decreased when supplemented with Sn up to 480 mg/kg, while malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased until Sn supplementation at 720 mg/kg. Moreover, dietary Sn supplementation at 720 mg/kg decreased BW gain, feed intake, and impaired feed conversion ratio. The 720 mg Sn/kg group also increased activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP), while decreased hemoglobin (HGB), red blood cell (RBC), and hematocrit (HCT) in the blood. Furthermore, the accumulation of Sn in various tissues was dose dependent on Sn ingestion. It was found that the tibia and feather are the two main tissues for Sn accumulation, followed by the liver, kidney, and other tissues in broilers. In conclusion, the adverse effects on broilers were induced when diets supplemented with Sn up to 480 mg/kg. Sn levels also managed to accumulate in the tibia and feather of broilers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Lv-Hui
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ni-Ya
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qin-Hui
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Chong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Christopher Steven
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Krumm
authors.forename: DeSheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Qi
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002645:Chickens; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D014001:Tin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D006454:Hemoglobins; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D014001:Tin; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase