title: [The techniques of the psychodynamic therapist: verbal interventions from a theoretical and practice-oriented perspective ].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To date we have only a limited understanding of the concrete verbal intervention techniques used in psychodynamic psychotherapy. In particular, there is no standard classification of these techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analyzed the various types of verbal psychodynamic interventions from a theoretical perspective and looked at the issues relating to the definition and operationalization of these techniques. A list of different intervention types described in the theoretical literature was compiled and the varying definitions were compared. In addition, we developed a classification system to reflect the use of intervention types employed in psychodynamic practice. Qualitatively analyzed session transcripts formed the basis of this new classification system. The interventions were classified in terms of conversational technique (24 categories), thematic content (9 categories), and temporal focus (4 categories).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Empirical research in this field necessitates clear operational definitions and the unambiguous use of related terms. We developed a classification system in order to systematize and operationalize different types of interventions. It can be used for process research and to summarize specific techniques used in psychotherapy training.
authors.forename: Antje
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gumz
authors.forename: Julia Katharina
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Horstkotte
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kästner
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D011573:Psychoanalytic Interpretation; D011574:Psychoanalytic Theory; D013811:Psychotherapeutic Processes; D064889:Psychotherapy, Psychodynamic / Q000145:classification / Q000379:methods*; D012944:Social Support; D014705:Verbal Behavior
keywords: Dynamic Psychotherapy; Interpretative Interventions; Intervention Types; Psychodynamic Interventions List; Supportive Interventions