title: Burkholderia insulsa sp. nov., a facultatively chemolithotrophic bacterium isolated from an arsenic-rich shallow marine hydrothermal system.
abstract: Enrichment cultures inoculated with hydrothermally influenced nearshore sediment from Papua New Guinea led to the isolation of an arsenic-tolerant, acidophilic, facultatively aerobic bacterial strain designated PNG-April(T). Cells of this strain were Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, motile and did not form spores. Strain PNG-April(T) grew at temperatures between 4 °C and 40 °C (optimum 30-37 °C), at pH 3.5 to 8.3 (optimum pH 5-6) and in the presence of up to 2.7% NaCl (optimum 0-1.0%). Both arsenate and arsenite were tolerated up to concentrations of at least 0.5 mM. Metabolism in strain PNG-April(T) was strictly respiratory. Heterotrophic growth occurred with O2 or nitrate as electron acceptors, and aerobic lithoautotrophic growth was observed with thiosulfate or nitrite as electron donors. The novel isolate was capable of N2-fixation. The respiratory quinones were Q-8 and Q-7. Phylogenetically, strain PNG-April(T) belongs to the genus Burkholderia and shares the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strains of Burkholderia fungorum (99.8%), Burkholderia phytofirmans (98.8%), Burkholderia caledonica (98.4%) and Burkholderia sediminicola (98.4%). Differences from these related species in several physiological characteristics (lipid composition, carbohydrate utilization, enzyme profiles) and DNA-DNA hybridization suggested the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Burkholderia, for which we propose the name Burkholderia insulsa sp. nov. The type strain is PNG-April(T) ( = DSM 28142(T) = LMG 28183(T)).
authors.affiliation: Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1125 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.|Department of Microbiology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1125 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
authors.forename: Antje
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rusch
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1125 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
authors.forename: Shaer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
authors.forename: Pratixa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Savalia
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.|Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
authors.forename: Jan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Amend
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001482:Base Composition; D019117:Burkholderia / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D052836:Heterotrophic Processes; D060086:Hydrothermal Vents / Q000382:microbiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010219:Papua New Guinea; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D024482:Vitamin K 2 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005227:Fatty Acids; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D024482:Vitamin K 2; C024223:vitamin MK 8; C062629:menaquinone 7; D001151:Arsenic