title: Proteasome functioning in breast cancer: connection with clinical-pathological factors.
abstract: Breast cancer is one of four oncology diseases that are most widespread in the world. Moreover, breast cancer is one of leading causes of cancer-related deaths in female population within economically developed regions of the world. So far, detection of new mechanisms of breast cancer development is very important for discovery of novel areas in which therapy approaches may be elaborated. The objective of the present study is to investigate involvement of proteasomes, which cleave up to 90% of cellular proteins and regulate numerous cellular processes, in mechanisms of breast cancer development. Proteasome characteristics in 106 patient breast carcinomas and adjacent tissues, as well as relationships of detected proteasome parameters with clinical-pathological factors, were investigated. Proteasome chymotrypsin-like activity was evaluated by hydrolysis of fluorogenic peptide Suc-LLVY-AMC. The expression of proteasome subunits was studied by Western-blotting and immunohistochemistry. The wide range of chymotrypsin-like activity in tumors was detected. Activity in tumors was higher if compared to adjacent tissues in 76 from 106 patients. Multiple analysis of generalized linear models discovered that in estrogen α-receptor absence, tumor growth was connected with the enhanced expression of proteasome immune subunit LMP2 and proteasome activator PA700 in tumor (at 95% confidence interval). Besides, by this analysis we detected some phenomena in adjacent tissue, which are important for tumor growth and progression of lymph node metastasis in estrogen α-receptor absence. These phenomena are related to the enhanced expression of activator PA700 and immune subunit LMP7. Thus, breast cancer development is connected with functioning of immune proteasome forms and activator PA700 in patients without estrogen α-receptors in tumor cells. These results could indicate a field for search of new therapy approaches for this category of patients, which has the worst prognosis of health recovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Oncology, Cancer Research Institute of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Elena E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Shashova
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry of Ontogenesis Processes, NK Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Yulia V
authors.initials: YV
authors.lastname: Lyupina
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, Cancer Research Institute of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Svetlana A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Glushchenko
authors.affiliation: Department of General Oncology, Cancer Research Institute of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tomsk, Russia; Department of Oncology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Elena M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Slonimskaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, Cancer Research Institute of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Olga V
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Savenkova
authors.affiliation: Department of Evolutionary and Developmental Genetics, NK Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexey M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kulikov
authors.affiliation: Department of Evolutionary and Developmental Genetics, NK Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Nikolay G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Gornostaev
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Oncology, Cancer Research Institute of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Irina V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Kondakova
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry of Ontogenesis Processes, NK Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Natalia P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Sharova
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; C085834:PA700 proteasome activator; C071313:LMP-2 protein; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; C077436:LMP7 protein; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex