title: Nonsurgical treatment of teenagers with high AC/A ratio esotropia.
abstract: Nonsurgical treatment options commonly prescribed for teenagers with high AC/A ratios are progressive lens spectacles, single vision lens spectacles, bifocal contact lenses, and monovision. The gold standard treatment for high AC/A ratios in patients with esotropia is bifocal spectacles, but they are not cosmetically acceptable for most teenagers. However, excellent binocularity is often sacrificed with the alternative treatment options. Quality of life surveys acknowledge that poor cosmesis can have a negative psychosocial impact on individuals. Therefore, it is often necessary for practitioners to strike a balance between good psychosocial health and best visual potential with treatment options other than bifocal spectacles.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. Marla.Shainberg@emoryhealthcare.org.
authors.forename: Marla J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Shainberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003261:Contact Lenses; D004948:Esotropia / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005139:Eyeglasses; D006801:Humans; D009988:Orthoptics / Q000379:methods*; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology
keywords: AC/A ratio esotropia; progressive lens spectacles; proximal convergence; translating bifocal contact lenses