title: Normoxic and hyperoxic cardiopulmonary bypass in congenital heart disease.
abstract: Cyanotic congenital heart disease comprises a diverse spectrum of anatomical pathologies. Common to all, however, is chronic hypoxia before these lesions are operated upon when cardiopulmonary bypass is initiated. A range of functional and structural adaptations take place in the chronically hypoxic heart, which, whilst protective in the hypoxic state, are deleterious when the availability of oxygen to the myocardium is suddenly improved. Conventional cardiopulmonary bypass delivers hyperoxic perfusion to the myocardium and is associated with cardiac injury and systemic stress, whilst a normoxic perfusate protects against these insults.
authors.affiliation: Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK ; Department of Cardiology, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK ; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mokhtari
authors.affiliation: Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK ; Bristol Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK ; School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, 69 St Michael's Hill, Bristol BS2 8DZ, UK.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4410-5720
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lewis
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*