title: Prevalence and risk factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection in slaughtered cattle at Jos South Abattoir, Plateau State, Nigeria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is widespread yet poorly controlled in Nigeria hence posing a public health threat. This study determined the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) and factors associated with MTC among slaughtered cattle at Jos South Abattoir in Plateau State, Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross sectional study in which we collected 168 lung samples systematically from 485 slaughtered cattle from May-June, 2012, and tested for acid fast bacilli (AFB) using Ziehl-Neelsen test and a duplex polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR) for MTC detection. Data on cattle socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors for zoonotic BTB infection was obtained and analyzed using Epi info version 3.5.3 to determine frequency, proportions, and prevalence odds ratios. Multiple logistic regression was done at 95% Confidence Interval (CI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the cattle was 5.6 ± 1.3 years and (108) 64.3% were females. Majority were indigenous White Fulani breed of cattle (58.5%) and about half (54.8%) were slightly emaciated. Prevalence of MTB complex was 21.4% by AFB test and 16.7% by duplex PCR. Of 33 (19.6%) lungs with lesions, 27 (81.8%) were positive for AFB; while of 135 (80.4%) lungs without lesions, 9 (6.7%) were positive for AFB. Lungs with lesions were 52 times more likely to test positive to AFB test compared to tissues without lesions (AOR=52.3; 95% CI: 16.4-191.8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of MTC in cattle signifies its potential risk to public health. Presence of lesions on lungs is a reliable indicator of MTC infection that meat inspectors should look out for.
authors.affiliation: Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Lilian Akudo
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Okeke
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Simeon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cadmus
authors.affiliation: Federal College of Veterinary and Medical Laboratory Technology, NVRI, Vom, Plateau State.
authors.forename: Ikenna Osemeka
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Okeke
authors.affiliation: National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muhammad
authors.affiliation: National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Oluchi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Awoloh
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dairo
authors.affiliation: Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Endie Ndadilnasiya
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Waziri
authors.affiliation: Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Adebola
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olayinka
authors.affiliation: Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Patrick Mboyo
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Nguku
authors.affiliation: Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Olufunmilayo
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fawole
mesh_terms: D000003:Abattoirs; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000382:microbiology*; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013851:Thinness / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D015047:Zoonoses
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial
keywords: Nigeria; Plateau State; Risk factors; abattoir; cattle; tuberculosis