title: Reactive oxygen species in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
abstract: The volume of publications on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological processes has been increasing exponentially over the last decades. ROS in large amounts clearly have detrimental effects on cell physiology, whereas low concentrations of ROS are permanently produced in cells and play a role as signaling molecules. An imbalance in ROS production and defense mechanisms can lead to pathological vascular remodeling, atherosclerosis being among them. The aim of this review is to examine different sources of ROS from the point of view of their participation in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular risk. Among the possible sources of ROS discussed here are mitochondria, NADPH-oxidases, xanthine oxidase, peroxidases, NO-synthases, cytochrome P450, cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and hemoglobin of red blood cells. A great challenge for future research is to establish interrelations, feedback and feed-forward regulation mechanisms of various sources of ROS in development of atherosclerosis and other vascular pathologies.
authors.forename: Nikolay V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Goncharov
authors.forename: Pavel V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Avdonin
authors.forename: Alexander D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Nadeev
authors.forename: Irina L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Zharkikh
authors.affiliation: School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK. roj@dmu.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Richard O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Jenkins
mesh_terms: D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D058945:Lipoxygenases / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D010544:Peroxidases; D058945:Lipoxygenases; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; D019255:NADPH Oxidases