title: Chemopreventive and Anticancer Activities of Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum Extracts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum is an edible perennial herb and has been used as a vegetable or as a Korean traditional medicine. Allium species have received much attention owing to their diverse pharmacological properties, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. However, A. victorialis var. platyphyllum needs more study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The chemopreventive potential of A. victorialis var. platyphyllum methanol extracts was examined by measuring 12-O-tetra-decanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced superoxide anion production in the differentiated HL-60 cells, TPA-induced mouse ear edema, and Ames/Salmonella mutagenicity. The apoptosis-inducing capabilities of the extracts were evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, and the DNA fragmentation assay in human colon cancer HT-29 cells. Antimetastatic activities of the extracts were also investigated in an experimental mouse lung metastasis model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The methanol extracts of A. victorialis var. platyphyllum rhizome (AVP-R) and A. victorialis var. platyphyllum stem (AVP-S) dose-dependently inhibited the TPA-induced generation of superoxide anion in HL-60 cells and TPA-induced ear edema in mice, as well as 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) -induced bacterial mutagenesis. AVP-R and AVP-S reduced cell viability in a dose-related manner and induced apoptotic morphological changes and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in HT-29 cells. In the experimental mouse lung metastasis model, the formation of tumor nodules in lung tissue was significantly inhibited by the treatment of the extracts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AVP-R and AVP-S possess antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, proapoptotic, and antimetastatic activities. Therefore, these extracts can serve as a beneficial supplement for the prevention and treatment of cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea ; Department of Oral Biology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, BK21 PLUS project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea ; Department of Oral Biology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, BK21 PLUS project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Min Jeong
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Juhn
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea ; Department of Oral Biology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, BK21 PLUS project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Won-Yoon
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Hygiene, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Rim
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea ; Department of Oral Biology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, BK21 PLUS project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang-Kyun
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Park
keywords: Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum; Anti-inflammation; Anti-metastatic activity; Anti-mutagenicity; Induction of apoptosis