title: In vivo nonlinear optical imaging to monitor early microscopic changes in a murine cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma model.
abstract: Early detection of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) can enable timely therapeutic and preventive interventions for patients. In this study, in vivo nonlinear optical imaging (NLOI) based on two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG), was used to non-invasively detect microscopic changes occurring in murine skin treated topically with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). The optical microscopic findings and the measured TPEF-SHG index show that NLOI was able to clearly detect early cytostructural changes in DMBA treated skin that appeared clinically normal. This suggests that in vivo NLOI could be a non-invasive tool to monitor early signs of cSCC. In vivo axial NLOI scans of normal murine skin (upper left), murine skin with preclinical hyperplasia (upper right), early clinical murine skin lesion (lower left) and late or advanced murine skin lesion (lower right).
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. gijuthomas82@gmail.com.|Centre for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Erasmus Medical Centre, Post Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. gijuthomas82@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Giju
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biophysics, Utrecht University, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Voskuilen
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biophysics, Utrecht University, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hoa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Truong
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biophysics, Utrecht University, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hans C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Gerritsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H J C M
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Sterenborg
mesh_terms: D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000139:chemically induced; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
keywords: cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma; in vivo imaging; nonlinear optical imaging; second harmonic generation; skin cancer; two-photon excitation fluorescence