title: Myoid gonadal stromal tumor: a clinicopathologic study of three cases of a distinctive testicular tumor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report three new cases of testicular myoid gonadal stromal tumor to better characterize its features.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinicopathologic findings (including follow-up) were evaluated and a review of the literature was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients were 38, 43, and 59 years old, and tumor sizes were 1.2, 1.3, and 3.2 cm. All were unilateral, well circumscribed, adjacent to the rete testis, and composed exclusively of spindled cells with elongated nuclei and occasional nuclear grooves arranged in fascicles with admixed variably ectatic blood vessels. Nucleoli were inconspicuous, and the cytoplasm was scant, ill-defined, and pale/lightly eosinophilic. No sex cord component was present. Mitotic figures ranged from zero to five per 10 high-power fields. Significant atypia, lymphovascular invasion, and necrosis were absent. All were consistently positive for smooth muscle actin, S100 protein, FOXL2, and steroidogenic factor 1 but negative for h-caldesmon, calretinin, and SOX9. Inhibin and calponin were focally positive. All patients were alive and well at 5, 31, and 58 months postorchiectomy. Combining our cases with those previously reported (n = 6) shows that this neoplasm occurs mostly in younger men (mean, 37 years), and all follow-up thus far (mean, 25 months) has been benign.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Myoid gonadal stromal tumors are small (<4 cm) indolent testicular tumors distinctly different from other sex cord-stromal tumors and are adequately managed by orchiectomy.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis.
authors.forename: Chia-Sui
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis. tulbrigh@iupui.edu.
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Ulbright
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018309:Neoplasms, Gonadal Tissue / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: Immunohistochemistry; Myoid gonadal stromal tumor; Testis