title: More atrophy of deep gray matter structures in frontotemporal dementia compared to Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The involvement of frontostriatal circuits in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) suggests that deep gray matter structures (DGM) may be affected in this disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether volumes of DGM structures differed between patients with behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and subjective complaints (SC) and explored relationships between DGM structures, cognition, and neuropsychiatric functioning.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this cross-sectional study, we included 24 patients with FTD and matched them based on age, gender, and education at a ratio of 1:3 to 72 AD patients and 72 patients with SC who served as controls. Volumes of hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, and nucleus accumbens were estimated by automated segmentation of 3D T1-weighted MRI. MANOVA with Bonferroni adjusted post-hoc tests was used to compare volumes between groups. Relationships between volumes, cognition, and neuropsychiatric functioning were examined using multivariate linear regression and Spearman correlations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nucleus accumbens and caudate nucleus discriminated all groups, with most severe atrophy in FTD. Globus pallidus volumes were smallest in FTD and discriminated FTD from AD and SC. Hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, and putamen were smaller in both dementia groups compared to SC. Associations between amygdala and memory were found to be different in AD and FTD. Globus pallidus and nucleus accumbens were related to attention and executive functioning in FTD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus, and globus pallidus were more severely affected in FTD than in AD and SC. The associations between cognition and DGM structures varied between the diagnostic groups. The observed difference in volume of these DGM structures supports the idea that next to frontal cortical atrophy, DGM structures, as parts of the frontal circuits, are damaged in FTD rather than in AD.
authors.affiliation: Alzheimer center & Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Möller
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nikki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dieleman
authors.affiliation: Alzheimer center & Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wiesje M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: van der Flier
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Adriaan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Versteeg
authors.affiliation: Alzheimer center & Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Yolande
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pijnenburg
authors.affiliation: Alzheimer center & Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scheltens
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Frederik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barkhof
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Physics & Medical Technology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vrenken
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology; D001284:Atrophy; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D057180:Frontotemporal Dementia / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009929:Organ Size
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; atrophy; basal ganglia; frontotemporal dementia