title: Cereal-derived arabinoxylans as biological response modifiers: extraction, molecular features, and immune-stimulating properties.
abstract: Arabinoxylans are of significant importance to human health due to their potential to modulate both the adaptive and innate immune systems. Arabinoxylans of various structures and sources have been shown to affect different immune cells to augment a wide range of immune responses in vitro and in vivo in animals and humans. This review article discusses current research on the immune-enhancing activities of arabinoxylans and other cereal polysaccharides in relation to their structural heterogeneity. There are inconsistencies in the literature regarding the relationships between the immunomodulatory effects and the structure and source of arabinoxylans. Possible mechanisms underlying these relationships which might explain the effects of such bioactive polysaccharides are proposed.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Food and Tourism Management, Hollings Faculty , Manchester Metropolitan University , Manchester M14 6HR , United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Shuangyue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Musa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry*; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity / Q000187:drug effects*; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D015394:Molecular Structure; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014990:Xylans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014990:Xylans; C085118:arabinoxylan
keywords: Arabinoxylans; cereal; dietary fibres; immune stimulation; structure