title: Serum ferritin, diabetes, diabetes control, and insulin resistance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study aims to investigate the association between serum ferritin and diabetes, diabetes control, and insulin resistance (IR) and examine whether gender is a modifier for these associations in a community-based sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey of 8,235 participants was conducted in 2009. Serum ferritin, glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), insulin, inflammatory markers, and lipid markers were measured. IR was estimated with a Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) equation. Multiple logistic and linear regression models were applied to evaluate these associations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The numbers of diabetic patients and non-diabetic participants in the present study were 644 (7.8 %) and 7,591 (92.2 %). After adjusting for multiple confounders, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for diabetes were 1.48 (1.31-1.69) in men and 1.43 (1.24-1.65) in women for one-unit increase in log-transformed serum ferritin levels. Likewise, ORs (95 % CIs) for poor diabetes control (HbA1c ≥7.5 %) were 1.58 (1.21-2.05) and 1.37 (1.07-1.77) in men and women, respectively. As for HOMA-IR, the respective betas (P value) for one-unit increase in log-transformed serum ferritin were 0.07 (P < 0.0001) and 0.06 (P < 0.0001) in men and women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, elevated serum ferritin levels were associated with higher risks of diabetes, higher levels of HbA1c, and HOMA-IR independent of several confounders.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, zhany09@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yiqiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Jinming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005293:Ferritins; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human