title: Carotenoids as signaling molecules in cardiovascular biology.
abstract: Oxidative stress and inflammation play important roles in the etiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Thus, natural antioxidant carotenoids existing in fruits and vegetables could have a significant role in the prevention of CVD. Nevertheless, clinical data are conflicting about the positive effect of some antioxidant carotenoids in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Many biological actions of carotenoids have been attributed to their antioxidant effect; however, the precise mechanism by which carotenoids produce their beneficial effects is still under discussion. They might modulate molecular pathways involved in cell proliferation, acting at Akt, tyrosine kinases, mitogen activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) and growth factor signaling cascades. Screening for a promising cardiovascular protective carotenoids therefore might be performed in vitro and in vivo with caution in cross-interaction with other molecules involved in signaling pathways especially those affecting microRNAs, performing a role in molecular modulation of cardiovascular cells.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Abolfazl
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barzegari
authors.affiliation: Translational Vascular Research Laboratory INSERM U1148, Université Paris13 - PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Graciela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pavon-Djavid
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Carotenoids; MicroRNA; Reactive oxygen species (ROS)