title: Household food insecurity is associated with less physical activity among children and adults in the U.S. population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Household food insecurity and physical activity are each important public-health concerns in the United States, but the relation between them has not been investigated thoroughly.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to examine the association between food insecurity and physical activity in the U.S. population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Physical activity measured by accelerometry (PAM) and physical activity measured by questionnaire (PAQ) data from the NHANES 2003-2006 were used. Individuals aged <6 y or >65 y, pregnant women, individuals with physical limitations, and individuals with family income >350% of the poverty line were excluded. Food insecurity was measured by the USDA Household Food Security Survey Module. Adjusted ORs were calculated from logistic regression to identify the association between food insecurity and adherence to the physical-activity guidelines. Adjusted coefficients were obtained from linear regression to identify the association between food insecurity with sedentary/physical-activity minutes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In children, food insecurity was not associated with adherence to physical-activity guidelines measured via PAM or PAQ and with sedentary minutes (P > 0.05). Food-insecure children did less moderate to vigorous physical activity than food-secure children (adjusted coefficient = -5.24, P = 0.02). In adults, food insecurity was significantly associated with adherence to physical-activity guidelines (adjusted OR = 0.72, P = 0.03 for PAM; and OR = 0.84, P < 0.01 for PAQ) but was not associated with sedentary minutes (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Food-insecure children did less moderate to vigorous physical activity, and food-insecure adults were less likely to adhere to the physical-activity guidelines than those without food insecurity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; and.
authors.forename: Quyen G
authors.initials: QG
authors.lastname: To
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; and efrongillo@sc.edu.
authors.forename: Edward A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Frongillo
authors.affiliation: School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gallegos
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; and.
authors.forename: Justin B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D005523:Food Supply; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D016017:Odds Ratio; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult