title: Chrysanthemum boreale flower floral water inhibits platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated migration and proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chrysanthemum boreale Makino (Compositae) (CBM) is a traditional medicine that has been used for the prevention or treatment of various disorders; it has various properties including antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and antitumor.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was designed to explore the in vitro effect of CBM flower floral water (CBMFF) on atherosclerosis-related responses in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  CBMFF was extracted from CBM flower by steam distillation and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The anti-atherosclerosis activity of CBMFF was tested by estimating platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB (10 ng/mL)-induced proliferation and migration levels and intracellular kinase pathways in RASMCs at CBMFF concentrations of 0.01-100 μM and analyzing ex vivo aortic ring assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that the CBMFF contained a total of seven components. The CBMFF inhibits PDGF-BB-stimulated RASMC migration and proliferation (IC50: 0.010 μg/mL). Treatment of RASMCs with PDGF-BB induced PDGFR-β phosphorylation and increased the phosphorylations of MAPK p38 and ERK1/2. CBMFF addition prevented PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of these kinases (IC50: 008 and 0.018 μg/mL, for p38 MAPK and ERK1/2, respectively), as well as PDGFR-β (IC50: 0.046 μg/mL). Treatment with inhibitors of PDGFR, P38 MAPK, and ERK1/2 decreased PDGF-BB-increased migration and proliferation in RASMCs. Moreover, the CBMFF suppressed PDGF-BB-increased sprout outgrowth of aortic rings (IC50: 0.047 μg/mL).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that CBMFF may inhibit PDGF-BB-induced vascular migration and proliferation, most likely through inhibition of the PDGFR-β-mediated MAPK pathway; therefore, the CBMFF may be promising candidate for the development of herbal remedies for vascular disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cosmetic Science, College of Natural Science, Hoseo University , Asan, Chungnam Prefecture , Republic of Korea and.
authors.forename: Do-Yoon
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyung-Jong
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Won
authors.forename: Mi-So
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Ho-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Joo-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Bokyung
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hwan Myung
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D031202:Chrysanthemum; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D035264:Flowers; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014867:Water / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D014867:Water
keywords: Anti-atherosclerosis; chemotherapy; natural products; vascular disease