title: Videothoracoscopic approach to stage I non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: Aim of this study is to evaluate the validity of videothoracoscopic staging and treatment in a twenty-year-long series of 286 VATS lobectomies for Clinical Stage I NSCLC.
  
  
  
  We retrospectively reviewed 1549 candidates to resection after conventional staging from November 1991 to December 2013, and routinely submitted to videothoracoscopy immediately before the procedure. Patients deemed operable at videoexploration were resected by thoracoscopy or thoracotomy. Out of 534 VATS resections 286 thoracoscopic lobectomies for clinical stage I cancers were performed with strict indications and standardized technique; more advanced tumours were converted even when thoracoscopically resectable. Impact of preliminary videothoracoscopy and and longterm Kaplan-Meier survival was analyzed.
  
  
  
  Out of 1549 patients, videothoracoscopy disclosed inoperability in 62 (4 %), mostly for pleural carcinosis (33pts.-2.1%) or mediastinal infiltration (22pts-1.4%). 534 (34.5%) patients had videothoracoscopic resection (286 lobectomies, 7 pneumonectomies, 241 wedge resections), 919 (59.3%) had thoracotomy resection, 34 (2.2%) had an exploratory thoracotomy (ET). Thoracoscopy had an accuracy rate of 72.4%, was reliable in excluding unresectability (NPV 0.95), and decreased the rate of ETs to 2.1%, ,sparing 596 (38.5%) thoracotomies. There was no intraoperative mortality or recurrence. Stage I patients had 83.8% 3-yr survival and 64.3% 5-yr survival. Five-year survival was significantly better (p=0.004) for T1N0 patients (70%) than T2N0 (55%) and for patients younger than 55 (86.4%) or with lesion < 2 cm (80.8%).
  
  
  
  Preliminary videothoracoscopy reliably assesses tumor resectability and feasibility of thoracoscopic resection, limiting unnecessary thoracotomies. Videolobectomies are safe and survival is comparable to open lobectomy.
  
  
  
  Lobectomy, Lung cancer, Minimally invasive surgery, Thoracoscopy, VATS.
authors.forename: Contardo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vergani
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Varoli
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Despini
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fratus
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Venturi
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Roviaro