title: Development and preliminary validation of the spondyloarthritis research consortium of Canada magnetic resonance imaging sacroiliac joint structural score.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is an unmet need for reliable assessment of structural progression in the sacroiliac joints (SIJ) of patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA), but radiography is unreliable and lacks responsiveness. We aimed to develop and validate a new scoring method for structural lesions based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) SIJ Structural Score (SSS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The SSS method for assessment of structural lesions is based on T1-weighted spin echo MRI, validated lesion definitions, slice selection according to well-defined anatomical principles, and dichotomous scoring (lesion present/absent) of 5 consecutive slices through the cartilaginous portion of the joint. Scoring ranges are fat metaplasia (0-40), erosion (0-40), backfill (0-20), and ankylosis (0-20). We progressively conducted 3 validation exercises with 2-4 readers on baseline, and either 2-year (exercises 1 and 2) or 1-year (exercise 3) scans from 147 patients with SpA assessed blinded to timepoint. Interobserver reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and smallest detectable change (SDC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interobserver reliability for status score was good to excellent for ankylosis (ICC 0.79-0.98), consistently good for fat metaplasia (ICC 0.71-0.78), moderate to good for erosion (ICC 0.58-0.62), and fair to good for backfill (ICC 0.35-0.66). Reliability for change scores was moderate to good for all structural lesions despite the relatively small changes in scores, and was highest for fat metaplasia when both ICC and SDC values were compared.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new SPARCC MRI SSS method can detect structural changes in the SIJ with acceptable reliability over a 1-2-year timeframe, and should be further validated in patients with SpA.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine; Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; the Department of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; the Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.W.P. Maksymowych, FRCP(C), Professor; S. Wichuk, BSc, Research Associate, Department of Medicine; R.G. Lambert, FRCP(C), Professor, Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada Center, University of Alberta; P. Chiowchanwisawakit, MD, Department of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University; S.J. Pedersen, MD, Rheumatologist, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, University of Copenhagen. walter.maksymowych@ualberta.ca.
authors.forename: Walter P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Maksymowych
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine; Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; the Department of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; the Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.W.P. Maksymowych, FRCP(C), Professor; S. Wichuk, BSc, Research Associate, Department of Medicine; R.G. Lambert, FRCP(C), Professor, Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada Center, University of Alberta; P. Chiowchanwisawakit, MD, Department of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University; S.J. Pedersen, MD, Rheumatologist, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, University of Copenhagen.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wichuk
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine; Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; the Department of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; the Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.W.P. Maksymowych, FRCP(C), Professor; S. Wichuk, BSc, Research Associate, Department of Medicine; R.G. Lambert, FRCP(C), Professor, Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada Center, University of Alberta; P. Chiowchanwisawakit, MD, Department of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University; S.J. Pedersen, MD, Rheumatologist, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, University of Copenhagen.
authors.forename: Praveena
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chiowchanwisawakit
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine; Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; the Department of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; the Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.W.P. Maksymowych, FRCP(C), Professor; S. Wichuk, BSc, Research Associate, Department of Medicine; R.G. Lambert, FRCP(C), Professor, Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada Center, University of Alberta; P. Chiowchanwisawakit, MD, Department of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University; S.J. Pedersen, MD, Rheumatologist, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, University of Copenhagen.
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine; Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; the Department of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; the Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.W.P. Maksymowych, FRCP(C), Professor; S. Wichuk, BSc, Research Associate, Department of Medicine; R.G. Lambert, FRCP(C), Professor, Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada Center, University of Alberta; P. Chiowchanwisawakit, MD, Department of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University; S.J. Pedersen, MD, Rheumatologist, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, University of Copenhagen.
authors.forename: Susanne J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Pedersen
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012446:Sacroiliac Joint / Q000473:pathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D025241:Spondylarthritis / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: MRI; SACROILIAC JOINT; SPONDYLOARTHRITIS; VALIDATION