title: A controlled pilot trial of two commercial video games for rehabilitation of arm function after stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the acceptability and potential efficacy of two commercial video games for improving upper extremity function after stroke in order to inform future sample size and study design.
  
  
  METHODS
  A controlled clinical trial design using sequential allocation into groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  A clinical occupational therapy department.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four first-stroke patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were assigned to one of three groups: conventional group, Wii group, and XaviX group. In addition to regular one-hour conventional rehabilitation, each group received an additional half-hour of upper extremity exercises via conventional devices, Wii games, or XaviX games, for eight weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Fugl-Meyer Assessment of motor function, Box and Block Test of Manual Dexterity, Functional Independence Measure, and upper extremity range of motion were used at baseline and postintervention. Also, a questionnaire was used to assess motivation and enjoyment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The effect size of differences in change scores between the Wii and conventional groups ranged from 0.71 (SD 0.59) to 0.28 (SD 0.58), on the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of motor function (d = 0.74) was larger than that between the XaviX and conventional groups, ranged from 0.44 (SD 0.49) to 0.28 (SD 0.58) (d = 0.30). Patient enjoyment was significantly greater in the video game groups (Wii mean 4.25, SD 0.89; XaviX mean 4.38, SD 0.52) than in the conventional group (mean 2.25, SD 0.89, F = 18.55, p < 0.001), but motivation was not significantly different across groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients were positive to using video games in rehabilitation. A sample size of 72 patients (24 per group) would be appropriate for a full study.
authors.affiliation: School of Occupational Therapy, Chung Shan Medical University and Occupational therapy Room, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mei-Hsiang
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Design, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Taiwan Adjunct assistant professor, Department of Industrial Design, Da-Yeh University, Taiwan Lanlingh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Lan-Ling
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Design, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chang-Franw
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: School of Occupational Therapy College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Department of Business Management, National United University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Chao
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Occupational Therapy Room, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiuchih
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Occupational Therapy Room, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Occupational Therapy, Chung Shan Medical University and Occupational therapy Room, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Shian
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001132:Arm / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D009788:Occupational Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010291:Paresis / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010865:Pilot Projects; D020127:Recovery of Function; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D013624:Taiwan; D018910:Video Games
keywords: Commercial video game; stroke; upper extremity rehabilitation