title: Inkjet printing of Chitlac-nanosilver--a method to create functional coatings for non-metallic bone implants.
abstract: Biostable fiber-reinforced composites, based on bisphenol-A-dimethacrylate and triethyleneglycoldimethacrylate thermoset polymer matrix reinforced with E-glass fibers have been successfully used in cranial reconstructions and the material has been approved for clinical use. As a further refinement of these implants, antimicrobial, non-cytotoxic coatings on the composites were created by an immersion procedure driven by strong electrostatic interactions. Silver nanoparticles (nAg) were immobilized in lactose-modified chitosan (Chitlac) to prepare the bacteriostatic coatings. Herein, we report the use of inkjet technology (a drop-on-demand inkjet printer) to deposit functional Chitlac-nAg coatings on the thermoset substrates. Characterization methods included scanning electron microscopy, scanning white light interferometry and electro-thermal atomic absorption spectroscopy. Inkjet printing enabled the fast and flexible functionalization of the thermoset surfaces with controlled coating patterns. The coatings were not impaired by the printing process: the kinetics of silver release from the coatings created by inkjet printing and conventional immersion technique was similar. Further research is foreseen to optimize printing parameters and to tailor the characteristics of the coatings for specific clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre-TCBC, Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. Biocity Turku Biomaterials Research Program, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nganga
authors.forename: Niko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moritz
authors.forename: Ruzica
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kolakovic
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jakobsson
authors.forename: Johan O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Nyman
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borgogna
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Travan
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crosera
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Donati
authors.forename: Pekka K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Vallittu
authors.forename: Niklas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sandler
mesh_terms: D062028:Bioprinting / Q000379:methods*; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D007785:Lactose / Q000737:chemistry*; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D012834:Silver; D048271:Chitosan; D007785:Lactose