title: A comparison of the effects of oral glutamine dipeptide, glutamine, and alanine on blood amino acid availability in rats submitted to insulin-induced hypoglycemia.
abstract: We compared the effects of oral administration of high-dose or low-dose glutamine dipeptide (GDP), alanine (ALA), glutamine (GLN), and ALA + GLN on the blood availability of amino acids in rats submitted to insulin-induced hypoglycemia (IIH). Insulin detemir (1 U/kg) was intraperitoneally injected to produce IIH; this was followed by oral administration of GDP, GLN + ALA, GLN, or ALA. We observed higher blood levels of GLN, 30 min after oral administration of high-dose GDP (1000 mg/kg) than after administration of ALA (381 mg/kg) + GLN (619 mg/kg), GLN (619 mg/kg), or ALA (381 mg/kg). However, we did not observe the same differences after oral administration of low-dose GDP (100 mg/kg) compared with ALA (38.1 mg/kg) + GLN (61.9 mg/kg), GLN (61.9 mg/kg), or ALA (38.1 mg/kg). We also observed less liver catabolism of GDP compared to ALA and GLN. In conclusion, high-dose GDP promoted higher blood levels of GLN than oral ALA + GLN, GLN, or ALA. Moreover, the lower levels of liver catabolism of GDP, compared to ALA or GLN, contributed to the superior performance of high-dose GDP in terms of blood availability of GLN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná State 87020-900, Brazil. vania@materbaby.com.br.
authors.forename: Vania C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Minguetti-Câmara
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná State 87020-900, Brazil. anycrm@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Any de C R
authors.initials: Ade C
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná State 87020-900, Brazil. biamonteiroschiavon@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fabiana P M
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Schiavon
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná State 87020-900, Brazil. vilelarvanessa@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Vanessa R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Vilela
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná State 87020-900, Brazil. mlbruschi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marcos L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bruschi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná State 87020-900, Brazil. rbbazotte@uem.br.
authors.forename: Roberto Barbosa
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Bazotte
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000409:Alanine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood*; D000818:Animals; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005973:Glutamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000178:diet therapy*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D004151:Dipeptides; D007328:Insulin; D005973:Glutamine; D000409:Alanine