title: Determination of four flavorings in infant formula by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: Increasing attention has been focused on the artificial flavorings added in foods, especially those for infants and children. For the first time, a sensitive and efficient analytical method based on gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous identification and quantification of four flavoring agents (vanillin, methylvanillin, ethylvanillin, and coumarin) in infant formula samples. The flavorings in samples were extracted with methanol/water (v/v, 1:1), cleaned up by solid-phase extraction, and determined by GC-MS/MS in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. Both isotope-labeled internal standards and matrix-matched calibration solutions were used to correct the matrix effects. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was calculated as 10 times the standard deviation, and it was 10.0 μg kg (-1) for vanillin, methylvanillin, ethylvanillin, and coumarin. The average recoveries were in the range of 82.8-107.5% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 8.9% measured at three concentration levels (10, 50, and 100 μg kg(-1)). The proposed method is suitable for the sensitive and accurate simultaneous determination of four flavoring agents in infant formula samples and also provided potential use for reference in terms of real analysis of other foods.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University , Wenzhou 325035, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Beizhen
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Xiangzhun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.forename: Chengjun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhenou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D001547:Benzaldehydes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003374:Coumarins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005421:Flavoring Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000737:chemistry*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001547:Benzaldehydes; D003374:Coumarins; D005421:Flavoring Agents; C030123:coumarin; C100058:vanillin
keywords: GC-MS/MS; SPE; flavorings; infant formula