title: The effect of temperature on repeat swimming performance in juvenile qingbo (Spinibarbus sinensis).
abstract: To investigate the effect of temperature on the repeat constant acceleration swimming performance and on the metabolic recovery capacity in juvenile qingbo (Spinibarbus sinensis), their constant acceleration test speed (U(CAT)) and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) recovery process were measured twice with 1-h intervals at different acclimation temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 °C). Temperature significantly affected U(CAT), the pre-exercise metabolic rate (MO(2)), metabolic peak values (MO(2peak)), the metabolic scope (MS, MO(2peak)--pre-exercise MO(2)) and the magnitude of the EPOC (P < 0.05). These parameters significantly increased as the temperature increased from 15 to 25 °C and significantly decreased (U(CAT) and EPOC magnitude) or did not change (MO(2peak) and MS) when the temperature increased from 25 to 30 °C in the first test (P < 0.05). The relationships between temperature (T) and these parameters (U(CAT), MO(2peak), MS and EPOC magnitude) in the first test were as follows: U(CAT) = 62.14/{1 + [(T - 25.1)/21.1](2)} (r = 0.847, P < 0.001, n = 40); MO(2peak) = 1,052.11/{1 + [(T - 29.2)/18.9](2)} (r = 0.901, P < 0.001, n = 39); MS = 753.74/{1 + [(T - 27.1)/18.6](2)} (r = 0.768, P < 0.001, n = 39); and EPOC = 195.42/{1 + [(T - 25.6)/8.7](2)} (r = 0.752, P < 0.001, n = 39). The optimal temperatures for U(CAT), MO(2peak), MS and EPOC magnitude in juvenile qingbo were 25.1, 29.2, 27.1 and 28.6 °C, respectively. Repeat exercise had different effect on U(CAT) and EPOC magnitude at different temperature (interaction effect, P < 0.05). There was no difference in U(CAT) and in EPOC magnitude between the first and second tests at low temperatures (10-20 °C). However, both U(CAT) and EPOC magnitude decreased significantly during the second test compared with the first test at high temperatures (25 and 30 °C) (P < 0.05). The present study showed that the recovery of the constant acceleration swimming performance was poorer at higher temperatures than at low temperatures in juvenile qingbo. These differences may be related to larger anaerobic metabolism, a lower pH value in the blood, larger ionic fluids and/or higher levels of hormones present at high temperatures.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behaviour, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China, pangxu9@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Xing-Zhong
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Zhen-Dong
authors.initials: ZD
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Yao-Guang
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shi-Jian
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D003530:Cyprinidae / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D013696:Temperature