title: Histologic and spectroscopic study of pluripotent stem cells after implant in ocular traumatic injuries in a murine model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ocular trauma is defined as a trauma caused by blunt or penetrating mechanisms on the eyeball and its peripheral structures, causing damage with different degrees of affection with temporary or permanent visual function compromise. Ocular trauma is a major cause of preventable blindness worldwide; it constitutes 7% of all corporal injury and 10% to 15% of all eye diseases. Regenerative medicine research has opened up the possibility to use stem cells as a source of cell replacement, so that experimental studies on embryonic stem cells and bone marrow stem cells have been carried out. In this study, we analyzed the histopathological and spectroscopic changes in ocular tissue with trauma, treated with mouse pluripotent stem cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Firstly, mouse embryonic stem cells were seeded. Subsequently, the obtained cells were implanted in a murine model of scleral and retinal damage at the first, second, and fourth weeks post-trauma. At week 12 post-trauma, the eyes were enucleated for histopathologic study (inflammatory response and histological integrity) and spectroscopic analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflection configuration. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histopathological results showed that the experimental groups treated with stem cells presented a decrease in the inflammatory response, and the histological integrity was restored, which contrasted with the experimental group treated with saline solution. Moreover, in the spectroscopic analysis, characteristic bands of biological samples were observed in all tissues, highlighting in healthy tissues the presence of C = O bond at 1,745 cm⁻¹, which was not observed in the injured and treated tissues. Also, the absorption spectrum of the tissues treated with embryonic stem cells showed bands whose intensity was high at around 1,080 to 1,070 cm⁻¹. It has been reported that these bands are characteristic of pluripotent stem cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The implant of embryonic stem cells could be a useful therapeutic treatment after traumatic eye injuries or many other eye diseases to reduce the inflammatory response and restore histological integrity. Furthermore, the spectroscopic technique could be used as a complementary technique for detecting stem cell incorporation into various tissues.
authors.forename: Gustavo Jesús
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Zapién
authors.forename: Marlon
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rojas-López
authors.forename: Raúl Jacobo
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Delgado-Macuil
authors.forename: Luis Rubén
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Martínez-Nava
authors.forename: David Guillermo
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Pérez-Ishiwara
authors.forename: Mónica Maribel
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mata-Miranda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000637:transplantation*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*