title: Anti-inflammatory potential of newly synthesized 4-[(butylsulfinyl)methyl]-1,2-benzenediol in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglia.
abstract: In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of newly synthesized 4-[(butylsulfinyl)methyl]-1,2-benzenediol (SMBD) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia and the subsequent signaling events. Following stimulation with LPS, elevated production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was detected in BV2 cells; however, SMBD pretreatment inhibited the production of NO and PGE2 through suppressing gene expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), respectively, at non-toxic concentrations. LPS-stimulated gene expression and production of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were also significantly reduced by SMBD. The anti-inflammatory effects of SMBD were associated with suppression of LPS-induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Akt, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) downstream effector. Therefore, the present results demonstrate that SMBD down-regulates inflammatory gene expression by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB through interference with the activation of MAPKs and PI3K/Akt signaling. Taken together, our data suggest that SMBD may have potential to be developed into an effective anti-inflammatory agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan 614-052, Korea. cooki28@naver.com.
authors.forename: Guk-Heui
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 608-756, Korea. cihima@inje.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Il-Whan
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea. immune-jeong@gnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jin-Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea. immunkim@cheju.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Gi-Young
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea. jinwoo@pusan.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jinwoo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea. hssuh@pusan.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hongsuk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea. ryu@gnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Chung-Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea. wjkim@chungbuk.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Wun-Jae
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan 614-052, Korea. choiyh@deu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Yung Hyun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002396:Catechols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013454:Sulfoxides / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C000603035:4-((butylsulfinyl)methyl)-1,2-benzenediol; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002396:Catechols; D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D013454:Sulfoxides; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C034747:nitric-oxide reductase; D015232:Dinoprostone; C034221:catechol