title: Galvanic manufacturing in the cities of Russia: potential source of ambient nanoparticles.
abstract: Galvanic manufacturing is widely employed and can be found in nearly every average city in Russia. The release and accumulation of different metals (Me), depending on the technology used can be found in the vicinities of galvanic plants. Under the environmental protection act in Russia, the regulations for galvanic manufacturing do not include the regulations and safety standards for ambient ultrafine and nanosized particulate matter (PM). To assess whether Me nanoparticles (NP) are among environmental pollutants caused by galvanic manufacturing, the level of Me NP were tested in urban snow samples collected around galvanic enterprises in two cities. Employing transmission electronic microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and a laser diffraction particle size analyzer, we found that the size distribution of tested Me NP was within 10-120 nm range. This is the first study to report that Me NP of Fe, Cr, Pb, Al, Ni, Cu, and Zn were detected around galvanic shop settings.
authors.affiliation: Scientific Educational Center of Nanotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Kirill S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Golokhvast
authors.affiliation: Pathology and Physiology Research Branch/NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America; Department Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Anna A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Shvedova
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008669:Metallurgy; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D012800:Siberia
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D008670:Metals; D052638:Particulate Matter