title: Internet treatment addressing either insomnia or depression, for patients with both diagnoses: a randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare treatment effects when patients with insomnia and depression receive treatment for either insomnia or depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 9-w randomized controlled trial with 6- and 12-mo follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Internet Psychiatry Clinic, Stockholm, Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three adults in whom comorbid insomnia and depression were diagnosed, recruited via media and assessed by psychiatrists.
  
  
  METHODS
  Guided Internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) for either insomnia or depression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Primary outcome measures were symptom self-rating scales (Insomnia Severity Index [ISI] and the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS-S]), assessed before and after treatment with follow-up after 6 and 12 mo. The participants' use of sleep medication and need for further treatment after completion of ICBT was also investigated. The insomnia treatment was more effective than the depression treatment in reducing insomnia severity during treatment (P = 0.05), and equally effective in reducing depression severity. Group differences in insomnia severity were maintained during the 12-mo follow-up period. Post treatment, participants receiving treatment for insomnia had significantly less self-rated need for further insomnia treatment (P < 0.001) and used less sleep medication (P < 0.05) than participants receiving treatment for depression. The need for depression treatment was similar in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, Internet-delivered treatment with cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) for insomnia was more effective than ICBT for depression for patients with both diagnoses. This indicates, in line with previous research, that insomnia when comorbid with depression is not merely a symptom of depression, but needs specific treatment.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The trial was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov, registration ID: NCT01256099.
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blom
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Psychology, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jernelöv
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kraepelien
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Malin Olséni
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Bergdahl
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jungmarker
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ankartjärn
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lindefors
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Viktor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kaldo
mesh_terms: D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D013548:Sweden; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: CBT; Internet; comorbidity; depression; insomnia; psychological treatment; psychotherapy