title: Strategies to eliminate HBV infection.
abstract: Chronic HBV infection is a major public health concern affecting over 240 million people worldwide. Although suppression of HBV replication is achieved in the majority of patients with currently available newer antivirals, discontinuation of therapy prior to hepatitis B surface antigen loss or seroconversion is associated with relapse of HBV in the majority of cases. Thus, new therapeutic modalities are needed to achieve eradication of the virus from chronically infected patients in the absence of therapy. The basis of HBV persistence includes viral and host factors. Here, we review novel strategies to achieve sustained cure or elimination of HBV. The novel approaches include targeting the viral and or host factors required for viral persistence, and novel immune-based therapies, including therapeutic vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.) Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA ; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, NIH, Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Rama
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, NIH, Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Shyam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kottilil
keywords: HBV; IL-21; IL-7; PD-1; PD-L1; RNAi; Toll-like receptor; covalently closed circular DNA; cure; elimination; eradication; host; immunity; receptor; seroconvesrion; therapeutic vaccination; treatment; vaccines; viral entry; virus