title: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor -173G/C gene polymorphism increases the risk of renal disease: a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) -173G/C (rs755622) gene polymorphism has been associated with renal disease risk. However, lots of studies have reported inconclusive results. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between MIF -173G/C gene polymorphism and renal disease susceptibility.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a search in PubMed, Embase (OvidSP), Wanfang databases and China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI) up to 20 June 2014. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to test the association. Statistical analyses were performed with STATA version 11.0 software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 2755 participants from eight case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results indicated the significant association between MIF -173G/C polymorphism and renal disease risk (CC + CG vs GG, OR = 1.77, P < 0.01; C vs G, OR = 3.94, P < 0.01). In the subgroup analysis, a significant relationship of MIF -173G/C gene polymorphism and renal disease risk in Asians and Caucasians were observed. Additionally, we found that the heterozygote (CG) may strongly increase renal disease risk in children, while the homozygote (CC) may increase the renal disease susceptibility more significantly in adults. Surprisingly, the results found a significant association between MIF -173G/C polymorphism and glucocorticoid resistance in child patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) (C vs G, OR: 3.83, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggested that MIF -173G/C gene polymorphism may increase risk of renal disease, especially in children. Furthermore, the meta-analysis also indicated that this gene polymorphism may increase risk of glucocorticoid resistance in child patients with INS.
authors.affiliation: West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Sitong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shifeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Zhipeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Yonggang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006579:Heterozygote; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000151:congenital / Q000235:genetics; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C515598:MIF protein, human
keywords: MIF; glucocorticoid resistance; meta-analysis; polymorphism; renal disease