title: Cross-sectional study of use of electronic media by secondary school students in Bangkok, Thailand.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is increasing concern about the negative psychological effects of excessive use of various electronic media by adolescents but the monitoring of these behaviors in low- and middle-income countries has some methodological flaws.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Assess the use of all types of electronic media among secondary school students in Bangkok, Thailand.
  
  
  METHODS
  A stratified random sample of students from four schools in Bangkok completed a modified version of a questionnaire used in a major study in the United States.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 768 participants, 443 (57.7%) were female and 325 (42.3%) were male; their mean (sd) age was 15.4 (1.5) years. Almost all respondents had easy access to multiple types of electronic media; 94% had mobile phones, 77% had a television in their bedroom, and 47% had internet access in their bedroom. Over the prior day 39% had watched television shows or movies for more than 3 hours, 28% spent more than 3 hours on social networking sites, 25% listened to music for more than 3 hours, and 18% played computer games for more than 3 hours. Overall, 27% reported using electronic devices for more than 12 hours in the previous day. Only 19% reported parental rules about the use of electronic devices in the home that were regularly enforced. Time engaged in the various activities was not related to parental education or, with the exception of time playing computer games, to students' grade point average. Younger students and male students spent less time than older students and female students using these devices to engage in interactive social activities (e.g., talking on the phone or social networking), while male students spent much more time than female students playing games on the devices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescents spend a substantial part of every single day using different types of electronic devices. Longitudinal studies with precise time logs of device usage and descriptions of the type of content accessed are needed to determine the extent to which these activities have negative (or positive) effects on the social and psychological development of adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Komsan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kiatrungrit
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sirichai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hongsanguansri
keywords: Thailand; adolescents; computer games; internet; social networking