title: Robotics, stem cells, and brain-computer interfaces in rehabilitation and recovery from stroke: updates and advances.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to describe the current state and latest advances in robotics, stem cells, and brain-computer interfaces in rehabilitation and recovery for stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors of this summary recently reviewed this work as part of a national presentation. The article represents the information included in each area.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each area has seen great advances and challenges as products move to market and experiments are ongoing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Robotics, stem cells, and brain-computer interfaces all have tremendous potential to reduce disability and lead to better outcomes for patients with stroke. Continued research and investment will be needed as the field moves forward. With this investment, the potential for recovery of function is likely substantial.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania (MLB); Human Engineering Research Laboratory, VA Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pennsylvania (MLB); Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania (LRW); Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York (JS); and Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York (JS).
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Boninger
authors.forename: Lawrence R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Wechsler
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D062207:Brain-Computer Interfaces; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D058996:Quality Improvement; D020127:Recovery of Function; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D012371:Robotics / Q000379:methods*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome