title: Outcomes of stent-change therapy for bilateral malignancy-related ureteral obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the long-term outcomes of stent-change therapy for malignancy-related ureteral obstruction in terms of renal function outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed 87 consecutive patients who underwent bilateral ureteral stenting for malignant bilateral ureteral obstruction. Predictive value of clinical variables, such as age, sex, comorbidities, renal function at time of stenting, and securing of the dominant functional kidney or both with early percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) conversion on renal function preservation, were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean serum Cr level was 3.3 mg/dl at the time of bilateral stenting, which significantly decreased to 1.6 mg/dl at 6 months post-stenting and progressively deteriorated to 2.3 mg/dl at 3 years post-stenting. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 4 or 5 developed in 18.3% of patients at 6 months post-stenting and in 57.2% at 3 years post-stenting. During the follow-up period, 12 patients (13.8%) had PCN conversion. Patients who had early PCN conversion before progression to CKD 4 or more tended to show a better renal function outcome than patients with CKD 4 or more who had late PCN conversion or no conversion. Multivariate analysis showed that an age older than 55 years, diabetes, and an eGFR<60 before obstructive symptoms or signs were significant predictive factors for the development of CKD stage 4 or more.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To preserve renal function, patients with bilateral malignant ureteral obstruction, especially those aged 55 or more or with diabetes or poor baseline renal function, should be considered for early PCN conversion in the dominant functional kidney or both.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Pungnap-Dong 388-1, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Sahyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pak
authors.forename: In Gab
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Kun Suk
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyung Keun
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Choung-Soo
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hanjong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Bumsik
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine