title: Translational approach to studying panic disorder in rats: hits and misses.
abstract: Panic disorder (PD) patients are specifically sensitive to 5–7% carbon dioxide. Another startling feature of clinical panic is the counterintuitive lack of increments in ‘stress hormones’. PD is also more frequent in women and highly comorbid with childhood separation anxiety (CSA). On the other hand, increasing evidence suggests that panic is mediated at dorsal periaqueductal grey matter (DPAG). In line with prior studies showing that DPAG-evoked panic-like behaviours are attenuated by clinically-effective treatments with panicolytics, we show here that (i) the DPAG harbors a hypoxia-sensitive alarm system, which is activated by hypoxia and potentiated by hypercapnia, (ii) the DPAG suffocation alarm system is inhibited by clinically-effective treatments with panicolytics, (iii) DPAG stimulations do not increase stress hormones in the absence of physical exertion, (iv) DPAG-evoked panic-like behaviours are facilitated in neonatally-isolated adult rats, a model of CSA, and (v) DPAG-evoked responses are enhanced in the late diestrus of female rats. Data are consistent with the DPAG mediation of both respiratory and non-respiratory types of panic attacks.
authors.forename: Luiz Carlos
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Schenberg
authors.forename: Fagna Giacomin
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Schimitel
authors.forename: Rubia de Souza
authors.initials: Rde S
authors.lastname: Armini
authors.forename: Cristian Setubal
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Bernabé
authors.forename: Caroline Azevedo
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: Sérgio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tufik
authors.forename: Claudia Janaina Torres
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Jeyce Willig
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Quintino-dos-Santos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001237:Asphyxia / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010487:Periaqueductal Gray / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical