title: Evaluation of the Effect of PEGylated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Viability and Proliferation of Jurkat Cells.
abstract: Among the numerous nanosized drug delivery systems currently under investigation, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), regardless of being single or multiple-walled, offer several advantages and are considered as promising candidates for drug targeting. Despite the valuable potentials of CNTs in drug delivery, their toxicity still remains an important issue. After the PEGylation of single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) with phospholipid-PEG (Pl-PEG) conjugates to prepare water-dispersible nanostructures, the present study was designed to evaluate whether the functionalization with Pl-PEG derivatives could alter the cytotoxic response of cells in culture, affect their viability and proliferation. In-vitro cytotoxicity screens were performed on cultured Jurkat cells. The SWCNTs samples used in this exposure were pristine SWCNTs, Pl-PEG 2000/5000-SWCNTs at various concentrations. Jurkat cells were first incubated for 3 h at 37°C with test materials and seeded in 6-well culture plates at a given concentration. The plates were then incubated for 24, 48 and 72 h at 37°C in a 5% CO2 humidified incubator. Cell Viability and proliferation assay were performed using trypan blue exclusion test and the cell cycle kinetic status of Jurkat cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Cell morphology was finally studied using double staining technique and a fluorescence microscope. We found that, regardless of the duration of exposure, functionalized SWCNTs were substantially less toxic, compared to pure SWCNTs and that the molecular weight of Pl-PEGs played an important role at higher concentrations. In conclusion, our noncovalent protocol seemed to be effective for increasing SWCNTs biocompatibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shaheed Beheshti University of MedicalmSciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Naghmeh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hadidi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Farshad
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Hosseini Shirazi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Farzad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kobarfard
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Nastaran
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nafissi-Varchehd
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shaheed Beheshti University of MedicalmSciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aboofazeli
keywords: Cell culture; Cytotoxicity; Flow cytometry; Functionalization; Phospholipid-PEG