title: Phylogenetic analysis of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) NSs protein demonstrates the isolated emergence of resistance-breaking strains in pepper.
abstract: Resurgence of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) worldwide as well as in Hungary causing heavy economic losses directed the attention to the factors contributing to the outbreak of this serious epidemics. The introgression of Tsw resistance gene into various pepper cultivars seemed to solve TSWV control, but widely used resistant pepper cultivars bearing the same, unique resistance locus evoked the rapid emergence of resistance-breaking (RB) TSWV strains. In Hungary, the sporadic appearance of RB strains in pepper-producing region was first observed in 2010-2011, but in 2012 it was detected frequently. Previously, the non-structural protein (NSs) encoded by small RNA (S RNA) of TSWV was verified as the avirulence factor for Tsw resistance, therefore we analyzed the S RNA of the Hungarian RB and wild type (WT) isolates and compared to previously analyzed TSWV strains with RB properties from different geographical origins. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the different RB strains had the closest relationship with the local WT isolates and there is no conserved mutation present in all the NSs genes of RB isolates from different geographical origins. According to these results, we concluded that the RB isolates evolved separately in geographic point of view, and also according to the RB mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman O. Road 15, 1022, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Asztéria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Almási
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Csilléry
authors.forename: Zsófia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Csömör
authors.forename: Katalin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nemes
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Palkovics
authors.forename: Katalin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Salánki
authors.forename: István
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tóbiás
mesh_terms: D002212:Capsicum / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D006814:Hungary; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D058974:Phylogeography; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000821:virology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017865:Tospovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins