title: Preliminary in vitro and ex vivo evaluation of afzelin, kaempferitrin and pterogynoside action over free radicals and reactive oxygen species.
abstract: Biological activities of flavonoids have been extensively reviewed in literature. The biochemical profile of afzelin, kaempferitrin, and pterogynoside acting on reactive oxygen species was investigated in this paper. The flavonoids were able to act as scavengers of the superoxide anion, hypochlorous acid and taurine chloramine. Although flavonoids are naturally occurring substances in plants which antioxidant activities have been widely advertised as beneficial, afzelin, kaempferitrin, and pterogynoside were able to promote cytotoxic effect. In red blood cells this toxicity was enhanced, depending on flavonoids concentration, in the presence of hypochlorous acid, but reduced in the presence of 2,2'-azo-bis(2-amidinopropane) free radical. These flavonoids had also promoted the death of neutrophils, which was exacerbated when the oxidative burst was initiated by phorbol miristate acetate. Therefore, despite their well-known scavenging action toward free radicals and oxidants, these compounds could be very harmful to living organisms through their action over erythrocytes and neutrophils.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil, josevellosa@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: José Carlos Rebuglio
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Vellosa
authors.forename: Luis Octávio
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Regasini
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Belló
authors.forename: Josiane Aparecida
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Schemberger
authors.forename: Najeh Maissar
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.forename: Andreia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Araújo Morandim-Giannetti
authors.forename: Vanderlan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: da Silva Bolzani
authors.forename: Iguatemy Lourenço
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Brunetti
authors.forename: Olga Maria Mascarenhas
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: de Faria Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D044948:Flavonols / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006997:Hypochlorous Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D044949:Kaempferols / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D008362:Mannosides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000187:drug effects; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D013654:Taurine / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D044948:Flavonols; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D044949:Kaempferols; D008362:Mannosides; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C531205:pterogynoside; D013481:Superoxides; D013654:Taurine; C477954:afzelin; D006997:Hypochlorous Acid; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; C042728:lespenefril