title: Vaccine adjuvant uses of poly-IC and derivatives.
abstract: Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are stand-alone immunomodulators or 'danger signals,' that are increasingly recognized as critical components of many modern vaccines. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly-IC) is a synthetic dsRNA that can activate multiple elements of the host defense in a pattern that parallels that of a viral infection. When properly combined with an antigen, it can be utilized as a PAMP-adjuvant, resulting in modulation and optimization of the antigen-specific immune response. We briefly review the preclinical and clinical uses of poly-IC and two poly-IC derivatives, poly-IC12U (Ampligen) and poly-ICLC (Hiltonol), as vaccine adjuvants.
authors.affiliation: USAMRIID, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Karen A O
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Sina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bavari
authors.forename: Andres M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Salazar
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D011070:Poly I-C / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D014612:Vaccines; D011070:Poly I-C
keywords: Adaptive immunity; PAMP; TLR3; adjuvant; ampligen; hiltonol; innate immunity; interferons; poly-IC; poly-ICLC; vaccine