title: Asbestos-related occupational cancers compensated under the Spanish National Insurance System, 1978-2011.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 1978, asbestos-related occupational cancers were added to the Spanish list of occupational diseases. However, there are no full accounts of compensated cases since their inclusion.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the cases of asbestos-related cancer recognized as occupational in Spain between 1978 and 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases were obtained from the Spanish Employment Ministry. Specific incidence rates by year, economic activity, and occupation were obtained. We compared mortality rates of mesothelioma and bronchus and lung cancer mortality in Spain and the European Union.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1978 and 2011, 164 asbestos-related occupational cancers were recognized in Spain, with a mean annual rate of 0·08 per 10(5) employees (0·13 in males, 0·002 in females). Under-recognition rates were an estimated 93·6% (males) and 99·7% (females) for pleural mesothelioma and 98·8% (males) and 100% (females) for bronchus and lung cancer. In Europe for the year 2000, asbestos-related occupational cancer rates ranged from 0·04 per 10(5) employees in Spain to 7·32 per 10(5) employees in Norway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings provide evidence of gross under-recognition of asbestos-related occupational cancers in Spain. Future work should investigate cases treated in the National Healthcare System to better establish the impact of asbestos on health in Spain.
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-Gómez
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Menéndez-Navarro
authors.forename: Rosario Castañeda
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: López
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001194:Asbestos / Q000633:toxicity*; D001984:Bronchial Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005062:European Union / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008654:Mesothelioma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001194:Asbestos
keywords: Asbestos,; Cancer,; Compensation,; Mesothelioma,; Occupational diseases,; Occupational health,; Spain