title: Predictors and long-term outcome of seizures in human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV)-negative cryptococcal meningitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Seizures are one of the most important neurologic complications of human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV)-negative cryptococcal meningitis. A better understanding of the risk associated factors can help predict those who will require treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  This 22-year retrospective study enrolled 180 patients. Prognostic variables independently associated with seizures or fatality were analyzed using stepwise logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight patients with HIV-negative cryptococcal meningitis had seizures, including 13 with early seizures and 15 with late seizures. The mean time interval from HIV-negative cryptococcal meningitis to first seizure in the early and late seizure groups were 1.5 and 51.4 days, respectively. Nine out of the 28 cases (32%) occurred within 24 hours of presentation. The overall mortality rate was 54% (15/28) and two patients progressed to epilepsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with seizure have worse outcomes and longer hospitalization. Most first seizures occur within one year after the diagnosis of HIV-negative cryptococcal meningitis.
authors.forename: Chih-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Wen-Neng
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Chia-Te
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Kung
authors.forename: Nai-Wen
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Hung-Chen
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wei-Che
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chi-Ren
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chih-Cheng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Wan-Chen
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Hsueh-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yu-Jih
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Yu-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ben-Chung
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Ya-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Chih-Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. chlu99@ms44.url.com.tw.
authors.forename: Cheng-Hsien
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016919:Meningitis, Cryptococcal / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents