title: Gender-dependent effect of GSTM1 genotype on childhood asthma associated with prenatal tobacco smoke exposure.
abstract: It remains unclear whether the GSTM1 genotype interacts with tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) in asthma development. This study aimed to investigate the interactions among GSTM1 genotype, gender, and prenatal TSE with regard to childhood asthma development. In a longitudinal birth cohort in Taiwan, 756 newborns completed a 6-year follow-up, and 591 children with DNA samples available for GSTM1 genotyping were included in the study, and the interactive influences of gender-GSTM1 genotyping-prenatal TSE on childhood asthma development were analyzed. Among these 591 children, 138 (23.4%) had physician-diagnosed asthma at 6 years of age, and 347 (58.7%) were null-GSTM1. Prenatal TSE significantly increased the prevalence of childhood asthma in null-GSTM1 children relative to those with positive GSTM1. Further analysis showed that prenatal TSE significantly increased the risk of childhood asthma in girls with null-GSTM1. Furthermore, among the children without prenatal TSE, girls with null-GSTM1 had a significantly lower risk of developing childhood asthma and a lower total IgE level at 6 years of age than those with positive GSTM1. This study demonstrates that the GSTM1 null genotype presents a protective effect against asthma development in girls, but the risk of asthma development increases significantly under prenatal TSE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, 542 Section 1, Zhongshan Road, Changhua 50008, Taiwan ; Department of Medical Research, Show Chwan Medical System in Chang Bing, 6 Lu-Kung Road, Changhua 50544, Taiwan ; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Section 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Chiang
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Dapi Road, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.affiliation: Genomic and Proteomic Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Dapi Road, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jen-Chieh
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Dapi Road, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Te-Yao
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Dapi Road, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ho-Chang
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3295-2984
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Po-Jen Hospital, 350 Bo'ai 2nd Road, Kaohsiung 81358, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chieh-An
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6455-625X
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Po-Jen Hospital, 350 Bo'ai 2nd Road, Kaohsiung 81358, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Lu
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research, Show Chwan Medical System in Chang Bing, 6 Lu-Kung Road, Changhua 50544, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Ju
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: Genomic and Proteomic Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Dapi Road, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hau
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Dapi Road, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiu-Mei
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research, Show Chwan Medical System in Chang Bing, 6 Lu-Kung Road, Changhua 50544, Taiwan ; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Section 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuender D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D015984:Causality; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution