title: Circulating type 1 vaccine-derived poliovirus may evolve under the pressure of adenosine deaminases acting on RNA.
abstract: Poliovirus, the causative agent of poliomyelitis, is a human enterovirus and member of the Picornaviridae family. An effective live-attenuated poliovirus vaccine strain (Sabin 1) has been developed and has protected humans from polio. However, a few cases of vaccine virulence reversion have been documented in several countries. For instance, circulating type 1 vaccine-derived poliovirus is a highly pathogenic poliovirus that evolved from an avirulent strain, but the mechanism by which vaccine strains undergo reversion remains unclear. In this study, vaccine strains exhibited A to G/U to C and G to A/C to U hypermutations in the reversed evolution of Sabin 1. Furthermore, the mutation ratios of U to C and C to U were higher than those of other mutation types. Dinucleotide editing context was then analyzed. Results showed that A to G and U to C mutations exhibited preferences similar to adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR). Hence, ADARs may participate in poliovirus vaccine evolution.
authors.affiliation: a College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering Shandong Province , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai`an , China.
authors.forename: Yanhan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: a College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering Shandong Province , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai`an , China.
authors.forename: Tengfei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: a College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering Shandong Province , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai`an , China.
authors.forename: Jianzhu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: a College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering Shandong Province , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai`an , China.
authors.forename: Xiaona
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: a College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering Shandong Province , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai`an , China.
authors.forename: Ziqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: a College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering Shandong Province , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai`an , China.
authors.forename: Huijun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: a College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering Shandong Province , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai`an , China.
authors.forename: Ruixue
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: a College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering Shandong Province , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai`an , China.
authors.forename: Shujing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; D012367:RNA, Viral; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase
keywords: ADARs; APOBECs; circulating type 1 vaccine; mutation; polio virus