title: Detection of different serotypes of Salmonella enterica in experimentally inoculated equine fecal samples by commercially available rapid tests.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Salmonella enterica can significantly impact management of animal facilities. Comprehensive screening is essential for effective control in high-risk populations. Availability of reliable point-of-care diagnostic tests would facilitate these efforts.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Compare the ability of commercially available rapid diagnostic assays (2 lateral flow immunoassays [LFIs], DNA hybridization [DNAH], real-time PCR [qPCR]), and culture to detect common serotypes of S. enterica in feces.
  
  
  METHODS
  n/a.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an experimental study, 112 S. enterica isolates were randomly selected from the 10 most common serotypes recovered at a veterinary hospital. Archived isolates were amplified in broth and standardized inocula (100 colony forming units) were incubated with equine feces in tetrathionate broth (TET). Cultures were tested in a blinded fashion by using LFIs, DNAH, qPCR, and culture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The LFIs detected 84% and 67% of isolates, respectively, but reactivity varied among serotypes. Both reacted poorly with serotype Cerro (Group K) isolates, and 1 LFI did not react with any serotype Mbandaka (Group C1) or Montevideo (Group C1) isolates. DNAH detected 94% of isolates, whereas culture and qPCR most reliably detected all serotypes. False-positive results were obtained for 4 negative controls by using DNAH and 1 negative control by using qPCR, but LFIs and culture had no false-positive results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Culture, qPCR, and DNAH were effective in detecting most Salmonella isolates, but have limited application at point-of-care settings. LFIs are appealing as point-of-care tests because of low cost and ease of use, but limited detection of some serotypes needs to be evaluated with samples obtained from naturally infected animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, CO.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Weller
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Pabilonia
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Bolte
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Van Metre
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Morley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques / Q000662:veterinary; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology*; D006736:Horses; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000662:veterinary; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic / Q000662:veterinary; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology*; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000145:classification; D012703:Serotyping / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
keywords: Culture; Horse; Lateral flow immunoassay