title: Fast spin echo imaging of carotid artery dynamics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We propose the use of a retrospectively gated cine fast spin echo (FSE) sequence for characterization of carotid artery dynamics. The aim of this study was to compare cine FSE measures of carotid dynamics with measures obtained on prospectively gated FSE images.
  
  
  METHODS
  The common carotid arteries in 10 volunteers were imaged using two temporally resolved sequences: (i) cine FSE and (ii) prospectively gated FSE. Three raters manually traced a common carotid artery area for all cardiac phases on both sequences. Measured areas and systolic-diastolic area changes were calculated and compared. Inter- and intra-rater reliability were assessed for both sequences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference between cine FSE and prospectively gated FSE areas were observed (P = 0.36). Both sequences produced repeatable cross-sectional area measurements: inter-rater intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.88 on cine FSE images and 0.87 on prospectively gated FSE images. Minimum detectable difference (MDD) in systolic-diastolic area was 4.9 mm(2) with cine FSE and 6.4 mm(2) with prospectively gated FSE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This cine FSE method produced repeatable dynamic carotid artery measurements with less artifact and greater temporal efficiency compared with prospectively gated FSE.
authors.affiliation: Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.|Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.|Seaman Family Centre, Foothills Medical Centre, AB Health Services, Calgary, Canada.
authors.forename: Mari E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Boesen
authors.affiliation: Seaman Family Centre, Foothills Medical Centre, AB Health Services, Calgary, Canada.
authors.forename: Luis A Souto
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Maior Neto
authors.affiliation: Seaman Family Centre, Foothills Medical Centre, AB Health Services, Calgary, Canada.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pulwicki
authors.affiliation: Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.|Seaman Family Centre, Foothills Medical Centre, AB Health Services, Calgary, Canada.|Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.|Radiology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.|Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jerome
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yerly
authors.affiliation: Seaman Family Centre, Foothills Medical Centre, AB Health Services, Calgary, Canada.|Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.|General Electric Healthcare, Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
authors.forename: R Marc
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lebel
authors.affiliation: Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.|Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.|Seaman Family Centre, Foothills Medical Centre, AB Health Services, Calgary, Canada.|Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.|Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.|Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Frayne
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: FSE; atherosclerosis; black-blood; cardiac gated; carotid; cine; cine FSE; compressed sensing; constrained reconstruction; distensibility; fast spin echo