title: Pneumothorax in sarcoidosis.
abstract: While sarcoidosis is a relatively common but often underdiagnosed disease, pneumothorax appears to be a rare clinical event observed mostly at the late stages of the disease course. The precise underlying mechanism of such complication is unclear and probably involves the formation of bullae due to bronchial obstruction and retraction-collapse of distracted lung tissue. Thoracoscopic bullectomy represent the preferred treatment option for recurrent pneumothoraces. The administration of corticosteroids for the treatment of pulmonary sarcoidosis may have a protecting effect for such recurrences, but remains a controversial issue.
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 3 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 4 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 5 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 6 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 7 Pulmonary Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Manika
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 3 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 4 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 5 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 6 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 7 Pulmonary Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kioumis
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 3 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 4 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 5 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 6 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 7 Pulmonary Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zarogoulidis
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 3 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 4 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 5 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 6 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 7 Pulmonary Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kougioumtzi
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 3 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 4 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 5 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 6 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 7 Pulmonary Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dryllis
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 3 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 4 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 5 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 6 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 7 Pulmonary Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pitsiou
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 3 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 4 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 5 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 6 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 7 Pulmonary Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Machairiotis
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 3 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 4 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 5 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 6 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 7 Pulmonary Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Katsikogiannis
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 3 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 4 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 5 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 6 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 7 Pulmonary Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lampaki
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 3 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 4 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 5 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 6 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 7 Pulmonary Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Antonis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papaiwannou
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 3 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 4 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 5 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 6 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 7 Pulmonary Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Bojan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zaric
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 3 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 4 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 5 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 6 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 7 Pulmonary Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Perin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Branislav
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 3 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 4 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 5 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 6 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 7 Pulmonary Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Haidong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 3 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 4 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 5 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 6 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 7 Pulmonary Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 3 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 4 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 5 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 6 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 7 Pulmonary Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Paschalis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Steiropoulos
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 3 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 4 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 5 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 6 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 7 Pulmonary Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zarogoulidis
keywords: Sarcoidosis; medical thoracoscopy; pneumothorax