title: Prevalence and determinants of fatty liver in normal-weight and overweight young adults. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fatty liver may have different determinants in normal-weight and in obese individuals. We measured factors associated with fatty liver in 863 normal-weight (BMI < 25) and 1135 overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 25) young and middle-aged adults (45% male, age 34-49 years) in the population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of fatty liver detected with ultrasound was 29% in overweight/obese and 5% in normal-weight participants. In overweight/obese, the independent correlates were waist circumference (odds ratio for 1 standard deviation increase = 3.78), alanine transaminase (2.11), BMI (2.00), male sex (1.74), triglycerides (1.44), systolic blood pressure (1.31), fasting insulin (1.23), and physical activity (0.76). In normal weight, the independent correlates included alanine transaminase (3.05), smoking (2.56), systolic blood pressure (1.54), and alcohol intake (1.41). In normal-weight participants, the associations with fatty liver were stronger for alcohol intake and smoking, and weaker for triglycerides, than in overweight/obese participants (P for interaction < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevalence of fatty liver was 29% in overweight/obese and 5% in normal-weight adults. Differences in factors associated with fatty liver were seen between these two groups: alcohol intake and smoking were more strongly and triglycerides more weakly associated in normal-weight than in overweight/obese participants.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku , Turku , Finland.
authors.forename: Emmi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Suomela
authors.forename: Mervi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oikonen
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Virtanen
authors.forename: Riitta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Parkkola
authors.forename: Eero
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jokinen
authors.forename: Tomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Laitinen
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hutri-Kähönen
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kähönen
authors.forename: Terho
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lehtimäki
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Taittonen
authors.forename: Päivi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tossavainen
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jula
authors.forename: Britt-Marie
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Loo
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mikkilä
authors.forename: Zobair
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Younossi
authors.forename: Jorma S A
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Viikari
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Juonala
authors.forename: Olli T
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Raitakari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides; D000410:Alanine Transaminase
keywords: Cohort studies; epidemiologic factors; fatty liver; normal body weight; overweight; prevalence