title: Processing follows function: pushing the formation of self-assembled monolayers to high-throughput compatible time scales.
abstract: Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of organic molecules can be used to tune interface energetics and thereby improve charge carrier injection at metal-semiconductor contacts. We investigate the compatibility of SAM formation with high-throughput processing techniques. Therefore, we examine the quality of SAMs, in terms of work function shift and chemical composition as measured with photoelectron and infrared spectroscopy and in dependency on molecular exposure during SAM formation. The functionality of the SAMs is determined by the performance increase of organic field-effect transistors upon SAM treatment of the source/drain contacts. This combined analytical and device-based approach enables us to minimize the necessary formation times via an optimization of the deposition conditions. Our findings demonstrate that SAMs composed of partially fluorinated alkanethiols can be prepared in ambient atmosphere from ethanol solution using immersion times as short as 5 s and still exhibit almost full charge injection functionality if process parameters are chosen carefully. This renders solution-processed SAMs compatible with high-throughput solution-based deposition techniques.
authors.affiliation: Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alt
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schinke
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hillebrandt
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hänsel
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hernandez-Sosa
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mechau
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Glaser
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mankel
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamburger
authors.forename: Kaja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deing
authors.forename: Wolfram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jaegermann
authors.forename: Annemarie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pucci
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kowalsky
authors.forename: Uli
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lemmer
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lovrincic
keywords: functional printing; infrared spectroscopy; organic electronics; organic field effect transistors; photoelectron spectroscopy; self-assembled-monolayers