title: Heavy metals in cereals and pulses: health implications in Bangladesh.
abstract: This research was conducted to evaluate the concentration of seven common heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) in cereals and pulses and associated health implications in Bangladesh. USEPA deterministic approaches were followed to assess the carcinogenic risk (CR) and noncarcinogenic risk which was measured by target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI). Total THQ values for As and Pb were higher than 1, suggesting that people would experience significant health risks if they ingest As and Pb from cereals and pulses. However, the estimated HI value of 1.7 × 10(1) (>1) elucidates a potential noncarcinogenic risk to the consumers. Also, the estimation showed that the carcinogenic risk of As (5.8 × 10(-3)) and Pb (4.9 × 10(-5)) exceeded the USEPA accepted risk level of 1 × 10(-6). Thus, the carcinogenic risk of As and Pb with nutritional deficiency of essential elements for Bangladeshi people is a matter of concern.
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University , Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Md Saiful
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: Md Kawser
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Md
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Habibullah-Al-Mamun
mesh_terms: D001459:Bangladesh; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: Bangladesh; cereals; health risks; heavy metals; pulses