title: The Tripartite Model for Assessing Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety: Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire in Patients With Essential Hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In patients with hypertension, psychosocial factors, such as depressive symptoms and anxiety, are associated with reduced quality of life and triple the risk of nonadherence with medical treatment regimens. Thus, screening tests are crucial to identify patients who may require further assessment and treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the current study was to test the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire-Short Form (MASQ-SF-C) in patients with essential hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  The MASQ-SF-C, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were administered to a convenience sample of 869 hypertensive patients in 4 hospitals. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the tripartite model. We evaluate the internal consistency of the MASQ-SF-C and we used the Bland-Altman approach to evaluate convergent validity between the MASQ-SF-C t score and symptoms of (1) depressive symptoms and (2) anxiety.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cronbach's α coefficient for the total MASQ-SF-C was .95, and Cronbach's α coefficients for the 3 subscales were .83 for anhedonic depression (AD), .91 for anxiety arousal (AA), and .94 for general distress (GD), indicating adequate internal consistency reliability. The mean interitem correlation coefficients were as follows: MASQ-SF-C, 0.29; AD, 0.28; AA, 0.38; and GD, 0.40. The 1-month test-retest reliability for the MASQ-SF-C was 0.72. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the 3 first-order factors (GD, AD, and AA) fit the data well (nonnormed fit index = 0.953, comparative fit index = 0.936, incremental fit index = 0.936, root-mean-square error of approximation = 0.038).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supported the reliability and validity of the MASQ-SF-C, indicating that it can be used for assessing depressive symptoms and anxiety concurrently in Chinese-speaking patients with hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Jing Xiao, MD, PhD Assistant Professor, Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition and Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China. Tianzhu Kong, MS Postgraduate, Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition and Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China. Chad M. McWhinnie, PhD Postdoctor, McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Shuqiao Yao, PhD Director and Professor,Medical Psychological Research Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. Xiongzhao Zhu, PhD Professor, Medical Psychological Research Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. Shuiping Zhao, MD Director and Professor, Department of Cardiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. Shu Duan, MD Professor, Department of Cardiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Tianzhu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Chad M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: McWhinnie
authors.forename: Shuqiao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Xiongzhao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Shuiping
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology*; D002681:China; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology; D000075222:Essential Hypertension; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D063189:Symptom Assessment; D055815:Young Adult