title: Clock gene modulates roles of OXTR and AVPR1b genes in prosociality.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The arginine vasopressin receptor (AVPR) and oxytocin receptor (OXTR) genes have been demonstrated to contribute to prosocial behavior. Recent research has focused on the manner by which these simple receptor genes influence prosociality, particularly with regard to the AVP system, which is modulated by the clock gene. The clock gene is responsible for regulating the human biological clock, affecting sleep, emotion and behavior. The current study examined in detail whether the influences of the OXTR and AVPR1b genes on prosociality are dependent on the clock gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study assessed interactions between the clock gene (rs1801260, rs6832769) and the OXTR (rs1042778, rs237887) and AVPR1b (rs28373064) genes in association with individual differences in prosociality in healthy male Chinese subjects (n = 436). The Prosocial Tendencies Measure (PTM-R) was used to assess prosociality. Participants carrying both the GG/GA variant of AVPR1b rs28373064 and the AA variant of clock rs6832769 showed the highest scores on the Emotional PTM. Carriers of both the T allele of OXTR rs1042778 and the C allele of clock rs1801260 showed the lowest total PTM scores compared with the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed interaction effects provide converging evidence that the clock gene and OXT/AVP systems are intertwined and contribute to human prosociality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Haipeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ci
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China; Teachers' College of Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yanjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D056926:CLOCK Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004644:Emotions; D004843:Epistasis, Genetic; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018045:Receptors, Oxytocin / Q000235:genetics*; D017483:Receptors, Vasopressin / Q000235:genetics*; D012919:Social Behavior; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C000588833:AVPR1b protein, human; C569600:OXTR protein, human; D018045:Receptors, Oxytocin; D017483:Receptors, Vasopressin; D056926:CLOCK Proteins