title: Sociodemographic differences and infant dietary patterns.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify dietary patterns in US infants at age 6 and 12 months, sociodemographic differences in these patterns, and their associations with infant growth from age 6 to 12 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed a subsample (760 boys and 795 girls) of the Infant Feeding Practices Study II (2005-2007). Mothers reported their infants' intakes of 18 types of foods in the past 7 days, which were used to derive dietary patterns at ages 6 and 12 months by principal component analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Similar dietary patterns were identified at ages 6 and 12 months. At 12 months, infants of mothers who had low education or non-Hispanic African American mothers (vs non-Hispanic white) had a higher score on "High sugar/fat/protein" dietary pattern. Both "High sugar/fat/protein" and "High dairy/regular cereal" patterns at 6 months were associated with a smaller increase in length-for-age z score (adjusted β per 1 unit dietary pattern score, -1.36 [95% confidence interval (CI), -2.35 to -0.37] and -0.30 [-0.54 to -0.06], respectively), while with greater increase in BMI z score (1.00 [0.11 to 1.89] and 0.32 [0.10 to 0.53], respectively) from age 6 to 12 months. The "Formula" pattern was associated with greater increase in BMI z score (0.25 [0.09 to 0.40]). The "Infant guideline solids" pattern (vegetables, fruits, baby cereal, and meat) was not associated with change in length-for-age or BMI z score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Distinct dietary patterns exist among US infants, vary by maternal race/ethnicity and education, and have differential influences on infant growth. Use of "Infant guideline solids" with prolonged breastfeeding is a promising healthy diet for infants after age 6 months.
authors.affiliation: Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, xiaozhongwen@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Xiaozhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences.
authors.forename: Kai Ling
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Research Institute on Addictions, and.
authors.forename: Rina Das
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Eiden
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.
authors.forename: Neha Navneet
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences.
authors.forename: Chuanbo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000191:economics / Q000208:ethnology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004034:Diet Surveys / Q000379:methods; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food / Q000191:economics*; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000191:economics; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000191:economics* / Q000208:ethnology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: dietary patterns; epidemiology; feeding; growth; infant; nutrition