title: Does neuroanatomy account for superior temporal dysfunction in early psychosis? A multimodal MRI investigation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neuroimaging studies of ultra-high risk (UHR) and first-episode psychosis (FEP) have revealed widespread alterations in brain structure and function. Recent evidence suggests there is an intrinsic relationship between these 2 types of alterations; however, there is very little research linking these 2 modalities in the early stages of psychosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  To test the hypothesis that functional alteration in UHR and FEP articipants would be associated with corresponding structural alteration, we examined brain function and structure in these participants as well as in a group of healthy controls using multimodal MRI. The data were analyzed using statistical parametric mapping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We included 24 participants in the FEP group, 18 in the UHR group and 21 in the control group. Patients in the FEP group showed a reduction in functional activation in the left superior temporal gyrus relative to controls, and the UHR group showed intermediate values. The same region showed a corresponding reduction in grey matter volume in the FEP group relative to controls. However, while the difference in grey matter volume remained significant after including functional activation as a covariate of no interest, the reduction in functional activation was no longer evident after including grey matter volume as a covariate of no interest.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our sample size was relatively small. All participants in the FEP group and 2 in the UHR group had received antipsychotic medication, which may have impacted neurofunction and/or neuroanatomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that superior temporal dysfunction in early psychosis is accounted for by a corresponding alteration in grey matter volume. This finding has important implications for the interpretation of functional alteration in early psychosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pettersson-Yeo
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom, and CIMeC-Center for Mind/Brain Studies, University of Trento, Trento, Italia.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frisciata
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Catani
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroimaging, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Steve C R
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McGuire
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mechelli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009929:Organ Size; D046709:Pattern Recognition, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult