title: Swimming exercise and diphenyl diselenide-supplemented diet affect the serum levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines differently depending on the age of rats.
abstract: The increase in the inflammatory process is one of the main factors that contribute to aging. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)2-supplemented diet (1p.p.m., 4weeks) and swimming exercise (3% of body weight, 20min per day, 4weeks) on the serum levels of cytokines in Wistar rats of different ages. The results demonstrated an increase in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα and INFγ) and a decrease in the levels of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, with age. In middle-age rats, the swimming exercise and (PhSe)2-supplemented diet decreased serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased the levels of IL-10. By contrast, in old rats the swimming exercise protocol increased the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased the levels IL-10. Diet supplemented with (PhSe)2 did not alter the serum levels of cytokines in old rats. Middle-age and old rats subjected to swimming exercise and supplemented with (PhSe)2 in the diet had a decrease in the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increase in the levels of IL-10. This study demonstrated that swimming exercise and (PhSe)2-supplemented diet affect the serum levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines differently depending on the age of rats. (PhSe)2 supplemented in the diet had an anti-inflammatory effect, similar to that of induced by swimming exercise, in middle-age rats and reversed the pro-inflammatory effects of swimming exercise in old rats.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria CEP 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marlon R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria CEP 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cechella
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria CEP 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anderson C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Mantovani
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Luterana do Brazil, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marta M M F
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria CEP 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristina W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria CEP 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address: gzeni@quimica.ufsm.br.
authors.forename: Gilson
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zeni
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D001555:Benzene Derivatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D008297:Male; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013550:Swimming
chemical_list: D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D016207:Cytokines; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds; C061132:diphenyldiselenide
keywords: Age; Cytokines; Exercise; Inflammation; Selenium