title: Kinetics of oral colonization by Candida spp. during topical  corticotherapy for oral lichen planus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oral candidiasis is an important side effect of topical corticotherapy. The purpose of this study was to assess oral mucosa colonization by five Candida species during topical corticotherapy and to investigate Candida spp. pathogenicity and in vitro susceptibility to fluconazole and amphotericin B.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oral swabbing samples from 11 erosive oral lichen planus (OLP) patients were collected before (day 0) and at days 7 and 30 of topical corticotherapy. Conventional methods for identification and quantification of Candida species, quantitative PCR (qPCR), pathogenicity tests and in vitro susceptibility to fluconazole and amphotericin B assays were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Candida albicans was the most prevalent species in the oral mucosa after corticotherapy. Increased number of colony-forming units (CFU) and Candidaalbicans DNA copies were observed at day 30 of corticotherapy, despite no clinical evidence of candidiasis in any patient. Colony-forming units’ count of Candida species was less sensitive than qPCR, but both methods positively correlated. No resistance to fluconazole or amphotericin B was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical corticoid used for oral erosive lichen planus treatment was associated with increase in Candida spp., in particular, C. albicans, in the oral cavity, independent of clinical manifestation of the disease.
authors.forename: Thais dos Santos Fontes
authors.initials: Tdos S
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Jeane de Fátima Correia
authors.initials: Jde F
authors.lastname: Silva Alves
authors.forename: Carolina Cavaliéri
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rocha do Nascimento
authors.forename: Maria Aparecida de Resende
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Stoianoff
authors.forename: Ricardo Santiago
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Gomez
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002175:Candida / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D041221:Candida glabrata / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D041022:Candida tropicalis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000382:microbiology; D002990:Clobetasol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D005260:Female; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D017676:Lichen Planus, Oral / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology*; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000032:analysis; D010740:Phospholipases / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D000666:Amphotericin B; D015725:Fluconazole; D002990:Clobetasol; D010740:Phospholipases; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases