title: Alcohol and the law.
abstract: Society has had an interest in controlling the production, distribution, and use of alcohol for millennia. The use of alcohol has always had consequences, be they positive or negative, and the role of government in the regulation of alcohol is now universal. This is accomplished at several levels, first through controls on production, importation, distribution, and use of alcoholic beverages, and second, through criminal laws, the aim of which is to address the behavior of users themselves. A number of interventions and policies reduce alcohol-related consequences to society by regulating alcohol pricing, targeting alcohol-impaired driving, and limiting alcohol availability. The legal system defines criminal responsibility in the context of alcohol use, as an enormous percentage of violent crime and motor death is associated with alcohol intoxication. In recent years, recovery-oriented policies have aimed to expand social supports for recovery and to improve access to treatment for substance use disorders within the criminal justice system. The Affordable Care Act, also know as "ObamaCare," made substantial changes to access to substance abuse treatment by mandating that health insurance include services for substance use disorders comparable to coverage for medical and surgical treatments. Rather than a simplified "war on drugs" approach, there appears to be an increasing emphasis on evidence-based policy development that approaches alcohol use disorders with hope for treatment and prevention. This chapter focuses on alcohol and the law in the United States.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Ariela O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Karasov
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA. Electronic address: ostacher@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ostacher
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000628:therapy; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D000818:Animals; D003416:Criminal Law / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D058991:Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*
keywords: alcohol; alcoholism; criminal justice; criminal responsibility; law; legal; legislation; policy; public health; treatment