title: Intestinal parasites coinfection does not alter plasma cytokines profile elicited in acute malaria in subjects from endemic area of Brazil.
abstract: In Brazil, malaria is prevalent in the Amazon region and these regions coincide with high prevalence of intestinal parasites but few studies explore the interaction between malaria and other parasites. Therefore, the present study evaluates changes in cytokine, chemokine, C-reactive protein, and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations in 264 individuals, comparing plasma from infected individuals with concurrent malaria and intestinal parasites to individuals with either malaria infection alone and uninfected. In the studied population 24% of the individuals were infected with Plasmodium and 18% coinfected with intestinal parasites. Protozoan parasites comprised the bulk of the intestinal parasites infections and subjects infected with intestinal parasites were more likely to have malaria. The use of principal component analysis and cluster analysis associated increased levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, and CRP and low levels of IL-17A predominantly with individuals with malaria alone and coinfected individuals. In contrast, low levels of almost all inflammatory mediators were associated predominantly with individuals uninfected while increased levels of IL-17A were associated predominantly with individuals with intestinal parasites only. In conclusion, our data suggest that, in our population, the infection with intestinal parasites (mainly protozoan) does not modify the pattern of cytokine production in individuals infected with P. falciparum and P. vivax.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juan Camilo
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6879-4439
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Arcila
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Simulídeos e Oncocercose, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daiana de Souza
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Perce-da-Silva
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas, 01246-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana Pinheiro Alves
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7211-6887
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Vasconcelos
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Nunes
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9409-4252
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Rodrigues-da-Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Virginia Araujo
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3006-5417
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Agencia de Vigilância em Saúde da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde (AGEVISA), 78900-000 Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cesarino Junior Lima
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5493-0858
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Aprígio
authors.affiliation: Centro Interdepartamental de Biologia Experimental e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Rondonia, 78900-000 Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cleoni Alves Mendes
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8453-0046
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Tecnologia Diagnóstica, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruna de Paula
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8795-2578
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Fonseca e Fonseca
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Simulídeos e Oncocercose, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dalma Maria
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1619-3794
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Banic
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Josué da Costa
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lima-Junior
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Joseli
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6063-465X
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oliveira-Ferreira
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007422:Intestines / Q000469:parasitology*; D008288:Malaria / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D020381:Interleukin-17; D015850:Interleukin-6; D009573:Nitrites; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D002097:C-Reactive Protein