title: 2, 3-dimercaptosuccinic acid-modified iron oxide clusters for magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: Over the last decade, various magnetic nanomaterials have been developed as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents; the greatest challenges encountered for clinical application have been insufficient stability. In this paper, a lyophilization method for 2, 3-dimercaptosuccinic acid-modified iron oxide (γ-Fe2 O3 @DMSA) nanoparticles was developed to simultaneously overcome two disadvantages; these include insufficient stability and low-magnetic response. After lyophilization, the clusters of γ-Fe2 O3 @DMSA with the size of 156.7 ± 15.3 nm were formed, and the stability of the lyophilized powder (γ-Fe2 O3 @DMSA-LP) increased up to over 3 years. It was also found that rehydrated γ-Fe2 O3 @DMSA-LP could be ingested by RAW264.7 cells in very large quantities. Results of pharmacokinetics and biodistribution studies in vivo indicated that γ-Fe2 O3 @DMSA-LP is a promising liver-targeted material. Furthermore, it also exhibited higher MRI efficiency and longer imaging time in the liver than the well-known product Feridex(®) . Moreover, results of vascular irritation and long-term toxicity experiments demonstrated γ-Fe2 O3 @DMSA-LP could be a nontoxic, biocompatible contrast agent in vivo. Therefore, the proposed γ-Fe2 O3 @DMSA-LP can be used as a potential MRI contrast agent in clinic for hepatic diseases.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
authors.forename: Caiyun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
authors.forename: Jilai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
authors.forename: Kunkun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
authors.forename: Ziyi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mulvale
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China. Electronic address: guning@seu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry; D004355:Drug Stability; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D005612:Freeze Drying / Q000379:methods; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D011208:Powders / Q000737:chemistry; D004113:Succimer / Q000737:chemistry*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D011208:Powders; C000499:ferric oxide; D004113:Succimer
keywords: Formulation; MRI; Nanotechnology; Stability; biodistribution; liver targeting; lyophilization; pharmacokinetics; superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION)