title: Temperature-dependent templated growth of porphine thin films on the (111) facets of copper and silver.
abstract: The templated growth of the basic porphyrin unit, free-base porphine (2H-P), is characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy measurements and density functional theory (DFT). The DFT simulations allow the deconvolution of the complex XPS and NEXAFS signatures into contributions originating from five inequivalent carbon atoms, which can be grouped into C-N and C-C bonded species. Polarization-dependent NEXAFS measurements reveal an intriguing organizational behavior: On both Cu(111) and Ag(111), for coverages up to one monolayer, the molecules adsorb undeformed and parallel to the respective metal surface. Upon increasing the coverage, however, the orientation of the molecules in the thin films depends on the growth conditions. Multilayers deposited at low temperatures exhibit a similar average tilting angle (30° relative to the surface plane) on both substrates. Conversely, for multilayers grown at room temperature a markedly different scenario exists. On Cu(111) the film thickness is self-limited to a coverage of approximately two layers, while on Ag(111) multilayers can be grown easily and, in contrast to the bulk 2H-P crystal, the molecules are oriented perpendicular to the surface. This difference in molecular orientation results in a modified line-shape of the C 1s XPS signatures, which depends on the incident photon energy and is explained by comparison with depth-resolved DFT calculations. Simulations of ionization energies for differently stacked molecules show no indication for a packing-induced modification of the multilayer XP spectra, thus indicating that the comparison of single molecule calculations to multilayer data is justified.
authors.affiliation: Physik-Department, E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Diller
authors.affiliation: Physik-Department, E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Klappenberger
authors.affiliation: Physik-Department, E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Allegretti
authors.affiliation: Physik-Department, E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Anthoula C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Papageorgiou
authors.affiliation: Physik-Department, E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Sybille
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.affiliation: Physik-Department, E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.affiliation: Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Reinhard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Maurer
authors.affiliation: Physik-Department, E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Julian A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.affiliation: Physik-Department, E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Seung Cheol
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reuter
authors.affiliation: Physik-Department, E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Johannes V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Barth