title: Sub-chronic exposure to fluoxetine in juvenile oysters (Crassostrea gigas): uptake and biological effects.
abstract: The bioconcentration potential of fluoxetine (FLX) and its biological effects were investigated in juvenile Pacific oyster exposed for 28 days to environmentally relevant concentrations of FLX (1 ng L(-1), 100 ng L(-1) and up to 10 μg L(-1)). FLX bioaccumulated in oyster flesh resulting in 28-day bioconcentration factors greater than 2,000 and 10,000 by referring to wet and dry weights, respectively. Nevertheless, FLX did not induce oyster mortality, delayed gametogenesis, or lead to adverse histopathological alterations. At the two highest concentrations, despite non-optimal trophic conditions, FLX stimulated shell growth but only in a transient manner, suggesting a role of serotonin in the regulation of feeding and metabolism in bivalves. Those high concentrations seemed to drive bell-shaped responses of catalase and glutathione S-transferase activities throughout the exposure period, which may indicate the activation of antioxidant enzyme synthesis and then an enhanced catabolic rate or direct inhibition of those enzymes. However, no clear oxidative stress was detected because no strong differences in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) content (i.e. lipid peroxidation) were observed between oyster groups, suggesting that cellular defence mechanisms were effective. These results demonstrate the importance of considering additional biomarkers of oxidative stress to obtain a comprehensive overview of the FLX-induced changes in marine bivalves exposed under realistic conditions. Considering the battery of biomarkers used, FLX appears to induce little or no effects on oyster physiology even at a concentration of 10 μg L(-1). These results do not confirm the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) values reported by some authors in other mollusc species.
authors.affiliation: Normandie Université, 14032, Caen, France.|UMR Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA); MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207; IBFA, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, 14032, Caen Cedex 5, France.
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Di Poi
authors.affiliation: Normandie Université, 14032, Caen, France.|UMR Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA); MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207; IBFA, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, 14032, Caen Cedex 5, France.
authors.forename: Lauris
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Evariste
authors.affiliation: Normandie Université, 14032, Caen, France.|UMR Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA); MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207; IBFA, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, 14032, Caen Cedex 5, France.
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Séguin
authors.affiliation: Normandie Université, 14032, Caen, France.|UMR Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA); MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207; IBFA, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, 14032, Caen Cedex 5, France.
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mottier
authors.affiliation: UMR 5805 CNRS Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Laboratoire de Physico- et Toxico-Chimie de l'Environnement (LPTC), Université Bordeaux 1, Bâtiment A12, 351 crs de la Libération, 33405, Talence, France.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pedelucq
authors.affiliation: Normandie Université, 14032, Caen, France.|UMR Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA); MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207; IBFA, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, 14032, Caen Cedex 5, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lebel
authors.affiliation: Normandie Université, 14032, Caen, France.|UMR Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA); MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207; IBFA, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, 14032, Caen Cedex 5, France.
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serpentini
authors.affiliation: UMR 5805 CNRS Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Laboratoire de Physico- et Toxico-Chimie de l'Environnement (LPTC), Université Bordeaux 1, Bâtiment A12, 351 crs de la Libération, 33405, Talence, France.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Budzinski
authors.affiliation: Normandie Université, 14032, Caen, France. katherine.costil@unicaen.fr.|UMR Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA); MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207; IBFA, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, 14032, Caen Cedex 5, France. katherine.costil@unicaen.fr.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Costil
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D049896:Crassostrea / Q000187:drug effects*; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D005473:Fluoxetine; D002374:Catalase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase
keywords: Antidepressant; Enzymatic activities; Fluoxetine; Growth; Histopathology; Oxidative stress; Sub-chronic exposure