title: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF- β) signaling in paravertebral muscles in juvenile and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
abstract: Most researchers agree that idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is a multifactorial disease influenced by complex genetic and environmental factors. The onset of the spinal deformity that determines the natural course of the disease, usually occurs in the juvenile or adolescent period. Transforming growth factors β (TGF-βs) and their receptors, TGFBRs, may be considered as candidate genes related to IS susceptibility and natural history. This study explores the transcriptional profile of TGF-βs, TGFBRs, and TGF-β responsive genes in the paravertebral muscles of patients with juvenile and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (JIS and AIS, resp.). Muscle specimens were harvested intraoperatively and grouped according to the side of the curve and the age of scoliosis onset. The results of microarray and qRT-PCR analysis confirmed significantly higher transcript abundances of TGF-β2, TGF-β3, and TGFBR2 in samples from the curve concavity of AIS patients, suggesting a difference in TGF-β signaling in the pathogenesis of juvenile and adolescent curves. Analysis of TGF-β responsive genes in the transcriptomes of patients with AIS suggested overrepresentation of the genes localized in the extracellular region of curve concavity: LTBP3, LTBP4, ITGB4, and ITGB5. This finding suggests the extracellular region of paravertebral muscles as an interesting target for future molecular research into AIS pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny nr 5 Plac Medyków 1, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
authors.forename: Roman
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4647-4354
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Silesia, Ulica Narcyzów 1, 41-100 Sosnowiec, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kwiecien
authors.affiliation: Institute of Computer Science, Division of Information Systems, University of Silesia, Ulica Będzińska 39, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3931-0474
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tkacz
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Silesia, Ulica Narcyzów 1, 41-100 Sosnowiec, Poland.
authors.forename: Urszula
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4898-198X
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mazurek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D005453:Fluorescence; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D063990:Gene Ontology; D006801:Humans; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000235:genetics*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta