title: Combined aerobic and resistance exercise training decreases peripheral but not central artery wall thickness in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Little is known about the impact of exercise training on conduit artery wall thickness in type 2 diabetes. We examined the local and systemic impact of exercise training on superficial femoral (SFA), brachial (BA), and carotid artery (CA) wall thickness in type 2 diabetes patients and controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with type 2 diabetes and 10 age- and sex-matched controls performed an 8-week training study involving lower limb-based combined aerobic and resistance exercise training. We examined the SFA to study the local effect of exercise, and also the systemic impact of lower limb-based exercise training on peripheral (i.e. BA) and central (i.e. CA) arteries. Wall thickness (WT), diameter and wall:lumen(W:L)-ratios were examined using automated edge detection of ultrasound images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exercise training did not alter SFA or CA diameter in type 2 diabetes or controls (all P > 0.05). BA diameter was increased after training in type 2 diabetes, but not in controls. Exercise training decreased WT and W:L ratio in the SFA and BA, but not in CA in type 2 diabetes. Training did not alter WT or W:L ratio in controls (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower limb-dominant exercise training causes remodelling of peripheral arteries, supplying active and inactive vascular beds, but not central arteries in type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, t.schreuder@fysiol.umcn.nl.
authors.forename: Tim H A
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Schreuder
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Van Den Munckhof
authors.forename: Fleur
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Poelkens
authors.forename: Maria T E
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Hopman
authors.forename: Dick H J
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Thijssen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055070:Resistance Training; D014463:Ultrasonography