title: Clinical characteristics and current therapies for inherited retinal degenerations.
abstract: Inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs) encompass a large group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous diseases that affect approximately 1 in 3000 people (>2 million people worldwide) (Bessant DA, Ali RR, Bhattacharya SS. 2001. Molecular genetics and prospects for therapy of the inherited retinal dystrophies. Curr Opin Genet Dev 11: 307-316.). IRDs may be inherited as Mendelian traits or through mitochondrial DNA, and may affect the entire retina (e.g., rod-cone dystrophy, also known as retinitis pigmentosa, cone dystrophy, cone-rod dystrophy, choroideremia, Usher syndrome, and Bardet-Bidel syndrome) or be restricted to the macula (e.g., Stargardt disease, Best disease, and Sorsby fundus dystrophy), ultimately leading to blindness. IRDs are a major cause of severe vision loss, with profound impact on patients and society. Although IRDs remain untreatable today, significant progress toward therapeutic strategies for IRDs has marked the past two decades. This progress has been based on better understanding of the pathophysiological pathways of these diseases and on technological advances.
authors.affiliation: Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Paris, F-75012, France INSERM, U968, Paris, F-75012, France CNRS, UMR 7210, Paris, F-75012, France Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, DHU ViewMaintain, INSERM-DHOS CIC 1423, Paris, F-75012, France Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, F-75019, France Académie des Sciences-Institut de France, Paris, F-75006, France Institute of Ophthalmology-University College London, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: José-Alain
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sahel
authors.affiliation: Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Paris, F-75012, France INSERM, U968, Paris, F-75012, France CNRS, UMR 7210, Paris, F-75012, France.
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Marazova
authors.affiliation: Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Paris, F-75012, France INSERM, U968, Paris, F-75012, France CNRS, UMR 7210, Paris, F-75012, France Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, DHU ViewMaintain, INSERM-DHOS CIC 1423, Paris, F-75012, France Institute of Ophthalmology-University College London, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Audo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020788:Bardet-Biedl Syndrome / Q000235:genetics; D015794:Choroideremia / Q000235:genetics; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003117:Color Vision Defects / Q000235:genetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015785:Eye Diseases, Hereditary / Q000235:genetics; D040181:Genetic Diseases, X-Linked / Q000235:genetics; D018740:Genetic Heterogeneity; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D057130:Leber Congenital Amaurosis / Q000235:genetics; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000235:genetics; D009216:Myopia / Q000235:genetics; D009755:Night Blindness / Q000235:genetics; D062308:Optogenetics; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*