title: Comparison of hyoid bone position among cleft lip palate and normal subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the hyoid bone position between cleft lip/palate and normal patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analytical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences (DIEKIOHS), Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi, from March 2012 to February 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample for this study consisted of total 68 subjects among which Group 1 consisted of 34 nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (both unilateral and bilateral) and Group 2 included 34 subjects with normal facial morphology. Both groups included males and females with mean age 14.3±0.1 year. Analysis was done on lateral cephalometric radiographs of patients including angulations taken as Hp-Mp, Hp-Ol, Hp-Sn, Cvt-Evt, Opt-Cvt, Nke, Sn-Vert, Cvt-Vert, Sn-Vert and linear distance of hyoid bone measured as C3-H, C3-RGN, and H-RGN.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant differences [p<0.001] in C3-H, C3-Rgn, H-Rgn, and Sn-Cvt were found between cleft lip/palate group and normal group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyoid bone is located anteriorly and caudally in cleft lip and palate group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi.
authors.forename: Aiyesha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wahaj
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi.
authors.lastname: Gul-e-Erum
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi.
authors.forename: Imtiaz
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000473:pathology*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000473:pathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006928:Hyoid Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008297:Male