title: Outbreak of leptospirosis during a scout camp in the Luxembourg Belgian province, Belgium, summer 2012.
abstract: An outbreak of leptospirosis occurred in the South of Belgium, during August 2012, in teenagers who participated in two consecutive adventure scout camps near the Semois river. Among the symptomatic patient population (ten scouts), clinical manifestations included headache (70%), myalgia (50%), fever (50%), bilateral conjunctival injection (50%), general malaise (30%), vomiting (20%), anorexia (20%) and cough (20%). Some of the cases presented elevated blood creatinine (40%), or proteinuria (30%). Three patients were confirmed by serology and one by polymerase chain reaction. Potential risk factors included direct contact with a muskrat and indirect contact with potentially contaminated environments including the river water. Prospective environmental investigation carried out near the river banks 2 weeks after the outbreak identified Ondatra zibethicus (muskrat) as one Leptospira sp. reservoir.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, CODA-CERVA,Brussels,Belgium.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Tropical Medicine Institute, ITM,Antwerp,Belgium.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: VAN Esbroeck
authors.affiliation: AZ Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV,Campus Sint-Jan,Bruges,Belgium.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Depoorter
authors.affiliation: AZ Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV,Campus Sint-Jan,Bruges,Belgium.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Decaluwe
authors.affiliation: AZ Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV,Campus Sint-Jan,Bruges,Belgium.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Vandecasteele
authors.affiliation: Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, CODA-CERVA,Brussels,Belgium.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fretin
authors.affiliation: AZ Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV,Campus Sint-Jan,Bruges,Belgium.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reynders
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D000855:Anorexia / Q000209:etiology; D003411:Arvicolinae / Q000382:microbiology*; D001530:Belgium; D002648:Child; D003231:Conjunctivitis / Q000209:etiology; D003371:Cough / Q000209:etiology; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000382:microbiology*; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007922:Leptospirosis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D063806:Myalgia / Q000209:etiology; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000209:etiology; D011998:Recreation; D045483:Rivers / Q000382:microbiology*; D014839:Vomiting / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine
keywords: summer camp