title: Family dynamics in families with children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Development of adjunctive family therapy for the treatment of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in China requires a detailed understanding of the family dynamics of these families.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Assess the family dynamics of families with children who have ADHD in Nanjing, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-six children 10 to 17 years of age treated at the Nanjing Brain Hospital for ADHD and 46 control children of the same age and gender from schools in Nanjing completed the 19-item Questionnaire of Systematic Family Dynamics (QSFD) which assesses four dimensions of family functioning: Family Atmosphere, Individuation, Moral Absolutism, and Personal Responsibility for Psychological Problems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences between groups in the perceived causes of psychological problems but the ADHD children reported a poorer family atmosphere, less independence from parents, and more ambiguity about 'right' and 'wrong' in the family. After adjustment for the potential confounding effects of parental education and family economic status, the findings of poorer family atmosphere and less individuation in the ADHD children remained statistically significant. The internal consistency of the four dimensions of the QSFD as completed by the children were poor (alpha=0.44-0.53).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary study on the family dynamics of families with children that have ADHD finds that the ADHD children report a poor family atmosphere and little independence from parents. Further work is needed to validate the methods for assessing family dynamics in Chinese families, particularly when using children as informants, but this method provides valuable information that could be used as the focus of adjunctive family therapy to augment the traditional pharmacological and behavioral approaches to the treatment of ADHD.
authors.affiliation: Child Mental Health Research Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Kangkang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: The Fourth Clinical Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Shasha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Child Mental Health Research Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Yixin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The Fourth Clinical Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Mingchun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang