title: The expression sequence tag is an effective method for screening DNA segments that predict urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma prognosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We validated the use of expression sequence tags (ESTs) as an effective method of screening for DNA segments that could predict urothelial cell carcinoma and for identifying ESTs with such predictive value.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2004 to 2009, eleven patients were enrolled in this study: six with high-grade bladder carcinoma and five with low-grade bladder carcinoma. ESTs were used to screen for differential gene expression in a high-grade cell line (MGH-U1) and in a premalignant cell line (MGH-U4). Immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used to validate the degree of EST expression and the prognostic value of ESTs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Apoferritin H subunit (FTH1 protein) exhibited increased expression in high-grade bladder carcinoma compared with that seen in low-grade carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction both supported the higher expression of FTH1 in high-grade urothelial carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ESTs are useful for detecting the FTH1 protein, which predicts the prognosis of patients with bladder carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Pei-Shan
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan, Republic of China ; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yu-Chao
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan, Republic of China ; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yu-Hsiang
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan, Republic of China ; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Cheng-Pang
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan, Republic of China ; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chien-Lun
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan, Republic of China ; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China ; Bioinformation Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Phei-Lang
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Bioinformation Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China ; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Horng-Heng
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Juang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan, Republic of China ; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China ; Bioinformation Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ke-Hung
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Tsui
keywords: FTH1; expression sequence tag; transitional cell carcinoma