title: [Obesity associated metabolic impairment is evident at early ages: Spanish collaborative study].
abstract: The objectives of this study are to provide a description of the demographic, anthropometric characteristics and metabolic abnormalities in children with early-onset (< 10 years) and of very-early-onset obesity (< 5 years). We also evaluate the diagnostic ability using the definition of metabolic syndrome (MS) according to different criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  It is a retrospective, case-control, cross-sectional, multicenter study. A total of 10 Pediatric Endocrinology Units in different Spanish hospitals were involved. A group of 469 children with early-onset obesity and another group of 30 children with very early-onset obesity were studied. The control group consisted of 224 healthy children younger than 10 years. Anthropometric and analytical determination of carbohydrates metabolism parameters and the lipid profile were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of metabolic alterations associated with obesity in children and adolescents in Spain is remarkable, either on their own, or encompassed within the definition of MS. This prevalence increases substantially when considering the peripheral resistance to insulin action as a diagnostic criterion. It also shows how children who could not be diagnosed with MS according to the definition provided by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) due to age below 10 years, these alterations are already present in a remarkable percentage. In fact, metabolic abnormalities are already present in the very-early-onset obese children ( <5 years).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Spanish children there are metabolic alterations associated with obesity in the infant-juvenile stages alone or encompassed within the definition of MS,and are already present at earlier ages.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús. Instituto de Investigación La Princesa. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. CIBERobn, ISCIII.. gabrielangelmartos@yahoo.es.
authors.forename: Gabriel Á
authors.initials: GÁ
authors.lastname: Martos-Moreno
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Metabolismo Infantil. Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, IMIBIC, Universidad de Córdoba.. mercedes_gil_campos@yahoo.es.
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gil-Campos
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Endocrinología Pediátrica. Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa de Zaragoza.. gbuenoloz@yahoo.es.
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bueno
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Endocrinología-Pediátrica. Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid.. pilarbahilloc@yahoo.es.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bahillo
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Endocrinología Pediátrica. Hospital Virgen Macarena de Sevilla.. subece2@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bernal
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Endocrinología Pediátrica. Hospital Universitario Sant Joan de Reus.. albert.feliu.rovira@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Feliu
authors.affiliation: Departamento Materno Infantil y Radiología. U.G.C. de Pediatría. Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar. Universidad de Cádiz.. cortavientos@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alfonso M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lechuga-Sancho
authors.affiliation: Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real.. palomo.enrique@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Palomo
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Endocrinología Pediátrica. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete.. rafaruizca@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Endocrinología Infantil. Hospital Universitario de Cruces de Barakaldo España.. AMAYA.VELADESOJO@osakidetza.net.
authors.forename: Amaia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vela
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013030:Spain