title: Morin Induces Heme Oxygenase-1 via ERK-Nrf2 Signaling Pathway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidative stress damages to cells or tissues, however, cellular defense systems including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protects them against oxidative stress. Flavonoid compounds can activate cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stress and it can reduce cell damages. In the present study, the cytoprotective effects of morin (3,5,7,2',4'-pentahydroxyflavone), in terms of HO-1 enzyme, against the oxidative stress and its involved mechanisms was elucidated.
  
  
  METHODS
  RT-PCR and western blot analysis were assessed to detect the mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Cell viability was measured by using MTT test. The immunocytochemistry was performed to define location of target protein. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay performed to measure transcription factor-promoter site binding activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Morin elevated mRNA and protein levels of HO-1 in human lens epithelial cells (HLE-B3). HO-1 inhibitor ZnPP attenuated the protective effect of morin against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. Morin increased the protein level of transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which up-regulates HO-1 expression by binding to the antioxidant response element (ARE) within the HO-1 gene promoter. Moreover, morin induced the translocation of Nrf2 from the cytosol into the nucleus. Morin activated extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK), while ERK inhibitor attenuated morin-enhanced Nrf2 and HO-1 expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Morin activates ERK-Nrf2 signaling cascades in HLE-B3 cells, leading to the up-regulation of HO-1 and cytoprotection against oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju.
authors.forename: Ji Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju.
authors.forename: Kyoung Ah
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju.
authors.forename: Ki Cheon
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju.
authors.forename: Ji Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Pocheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Hee
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju.
authors.forename: Jin Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hyun
keywords: HO-1; Morin; Nrf2; Oxidative stress