title: Ex vivo accuracy of Root ZX II, Root ZX Mini and RomiApex A-15 apex locators in extracted vital pulp teeth.
abstract: The objective of this study was to compare, ex vivo, the accuracy of three electronic apex locators (EALs), Root ZX II, Root ZX Mini and RomiApex A-15, in detecting the apical foramen (AF). Forty extracted single-Rooted human teeth with vital pulp were used in this study. After access preparation, the Root canal length of each tooth was measured by placing a #10 file until the tip was visible at the AF under a stereomicroscope. The teeth were subsequently embedded in an alginate model. In each Root canal, all three EALs were used to determine the working length, which was defined as the zero reading or equivalent. The distance between the file tip and AF was measured to an accuracy of 0.01 mm. Results were analyzed using analysis of variance and the Chi-squared test. Root ZX II, Root ZX Mini and RomiApex A-15 were accurate within 0.5 mm, 62.5, 56.2, 50% of the time. No significant differences were found between the three EALs (p > 0.05). Considering all EALs, the mean distance from the file tip to AF was 4.49 mm. The accuracy of the three EALs evaluated in this study was not statistically significantly different. The 'Apex' or '0.0' marks of the EALs do not indicate the AF itself, but just a position coronal 0.49 mm to the AF. Using a tolerance of ± 0.5 mm from the actual lengths, the ZX II yielded the most acceptable measurements.
authors.affiliation: PhD Student, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Estécio de Sé University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thaís M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Estécio de Sé University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, e-mail: favioferreiraalves@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Flávio R F
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Alves
mesh_terms: D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D025802:Electric Capacitance; D017097:Electric Impedance; D055615:Electrical Equipment and Supplies; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D009811:Odontometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000033:anatomy & histology*