title: Analysis of correlation between 24-hour urinary sodium and the degree of blood pressure control in patients with chronic kidney disease and non-chronic kidney disease.
abstract: We investigated the association between 24-hr urinary sodium (24UNA) and adequacy of blood pressure (BP) control in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and nonCKD. All data were collected retrospectively by accessing the electrical medical records in patients with 24-hr urine collection and serum creatinine. Enrolled 400 subjects were subgrouped by the amount of 24UNA, or CKD stage. The appropriate BP was defined as BP < 130/80 mmHg for subjects with proteinuria, and BP < 140/90 mmHg for subjects without proteinuria. The mean level of 24UNA was 166±76 mEq/day. The 24UNA group was an independently related factor to diastolic BP as a continuous variable. The rate of appropriate BP control in patients with proteinuria was highest in 24UNA <100 mEq/L (P=0.012). The odds to fail achievement of BP target in subjects with 24UNA≥90 mEq/day was 2.441 (1.249-4.772, P=0.009) higher than that of 24UNA <90 mEq/day among participants with proteinuria. There was difference in the amount of 24UNA between CKD and non-CKD except each stage of CKD group. In conclusion, salt intake estimated by 24-hr urine sodium excretion is a risk factor to achieve appropriate BP control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; The Research Institute for Salt and Health, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho Seok
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7856-8083
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.affiliation: The Research Institute for Salt and Health, Seongnam, Korea. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Chul
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3215-8681
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Shin Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Se Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: The Research Institute for Salt and Health, Seongnam, Korea. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Renal Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea. ; Seoul K-Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Suhnggwon
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6904-9126
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Renal Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea. ; Seoul K-Clinic, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Immunology, Seoul National University Postgraduate School, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho Jun
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1185-2631
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D003401:Creatine / Q000097:blood; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000150:complications; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000652:urine*; D059349:Urine Specimen Collection
chemical_list: D012982:Sodium, Dietary; D003401:Creatine
keywords: Blood pressure; Hypertension; Renal insufficiency; Salt