title: Menstrual problems and associated factors among students of Bahir Dar University, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Menstrual problems are the most common gynecologic complaints. The prevalence is highest in the 20 to 24-year-old age group and decreases progressively thereafter. They affect not only the woman, but also family, social and national economics as well. However, Population studies on Menstrual problems and associated factors were very little for university students in Ethiopia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Institutional based quantitative cross-sectional study was employed at Bahir Dar University from October 14 to 20, 2010, Ethiopia. Stratified sampling technique was used and 491 study subjects were randomly selected from faculties. Only 470 respondents had given complete response for the self-administered questionnaire and were included in the final analysis. Data was entered and analyzed with SPSS version 16.0 windows. The main statistical method applied was logistic regression (unconditional) and both the classical bivariate and the multivariate analyses were considered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of dysmenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome were 85.1% and 72.8%, respectively. The most contributing factors remained to be statistically significant and independently associated with dysmenorrhea were having menstrual cycle length of 21-35 days (AOR=0.16, 95%CI: 0.04, 0.71), family history of dysmenorrhea (AOR=3.80, 95%CI: 2.13, 6.78) and circumcision (AOR=1.84, 95%CI: 1.001, 3.386) while with premenstrual syndrome were educational status of mothers being certified in certificate and beyond (AOR=0.45, 95%CI: 0.25, 0.83), living in Peda campus (AOR=2.11, 95%: 1.30, 3.45), having irregular menstruation (AOR=1.87, 95%CI: 1.17, 2.99) and family history of premenstrual syndrome (AOR=4.19, 95%CI: 2.60, 6.74).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of menstrual problems among students of Bahir Dar University was very high. Menstrual cycle length, family history of dysmenorrhea and circumcision were the most contributing factors associated with dysmenorrhea while educational status of mothers, regularity of menstruation, and family history of premenstrual syndrome were for premenstrual syndrome. Health education, appropriate medical treatment and counseling, should be accessible and persistently provided to the affected students by Bahir Dar University. Maximum effort is needed to eliminate circumcision by all levels and further steps that would enable females to join their college education should be applied.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Debre Markos University, PO Box-269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Muluken Teshome
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Shiferaw
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, University of Gondar, PO Box-196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Mamo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wubshet
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, PO Box-196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Desalegn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tegabu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019093:Circumcision, Female / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004412:Dysmenorrhea / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014495:Universities; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Dysmenorrhea; menstruation; premenstrual syndrome