title: Sleep quality in patients with chronic low back pain: a cross-sectional study assesing its relations with pain, functional status and quality of life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate sleep quality in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) and its relationship with pain, functional status, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred patients with CLBP aged 20-78 years (mean: 50.2 years) and 200 sex- and age-matched pain-free healthy controls (HCs) aged 21-73 years (mean: 49.7 years) were included in this study. After lumbar region examination, in patients, pain was evaluated with the Short Form-McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), functional capacity with the Functional Rating Index (FRI), and health-related quality of life with the Short Form-36 (SF-36). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate sleep quality of both groups.The sleep quality was compared between the patients and HCs. In patients with CLBP, its relations with pain, functional status and HRQOL were also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients had significantly higher total scores (8.1 ± 4.3, 4.6 ± 3.4, P< 0.001, respectively) and subscale scores (P< 0.001) for PSQI compared to HCs. The groups were only similar in use of sleeping medication (P> 0.05) Among the patients, sleep quality was worse in women, in the patients with complaints more than 11 years, in the patients with low back and two leg pain (P< 0.05). Mean scores of the FRI, SF-MPQ, and visual analog scale in the patients were 8.5 ± 3.0, 16.7 ± 8.0, 6.9 ± 1.2, respectively. The PSQI total scores of patients were positively related with both SF-MPQ and FRI scores (P< 0.001). Also, there were negative relationships between the physical component summary score of the SF-36 and all subscale scores of the PSQI, without sleep duration of PSQI (P< 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sleep quality of patients with CLBP was worse compared to HCs, and there were positive relations between the sleep quality with pain and functional status. Also, the poor sleep quality had negative effect on the physical component of quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Melek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sezgin
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mus State Hospital, Muş, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ebru Zeliha
authors.initials: EZ
authors.lastname: Hasanefendioğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Medical Faculty, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sungur
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nurgül Arıncı
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Incel
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Özlem Bölgen
authors.initials: ÖB
authors.lastname: Çimen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Medical Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Arzu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kanık
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Günşah
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Şahin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Chronic low back pain; functional status; health-related quality of life; sleep quality