title: Hypoalbuminemia and oxidative stress in patients on renal hemodialysis program.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Albumin is considered an important extracellular antioxidant molecule. hypoalbuminemia is a strong and independent predictor of mortality in patients on hemodialysis. The present study evaluated the relation between hypoalbuminemia and oxidative stress by comparing superoxide dismutase activity, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant micronutrient consumption in chronic renal failure patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study was carried out with 64 patients of both sexes aged 18 to 59 years. The patients with hypoalbuminemia (ALB < 3,5 g/dL) were defined as case (n = 26) and control (n = 38) those with ALB ≥ 3.5 g/dL.Determinations of activity superoxide dismutase (SOD)and nitric oxide production by the contraction of nitrite in erythrocytes, concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA)in plasma, lipid profile and micronutrient antioxidants intake were performed. For comparisons between groups,the Student t test was used. Possible associations between variables were tested using the chi-square test and Pearson correlation test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consumption of copper was significantly lower(p < 0.05) in the group with hypoalbuminemia. There was a positive correlation between the concentrations of albumin and intake copper (r = 0.280). Negative correlation was found between albumin and MDA concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypoalbuminemia is associated with increased lipid peroxidation, and can contribute to oxidative stress in chronic renal failure patients. Additionally, patients with chronic renal disease undergoing hemodialysis evaluated in this study had reduced consumption of cooper.
authors.affiliation: M.Sc. in Food and Nutrition. Federal University of Piaui. Teresina-Piaui, Brazil.. carminhamartins@ufpi.edu.br.
authors.forename: Laís Lima
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: de Castro
authors.affiliation: PhD in Biological Sciences. Department of Physiology and Biophysics. Federal University of Piaui. Teresina-Piaui, Brazil..
authors.forename: Maria do Carmo
authors.initials: Mdo C
authors.lastname: de Carvalho e Martins
authors.affiliation: Graduate student in Medicine. Federal University of Piaui. Teresina-Piaui, Brazil..
authors.forename: Anderson Mendes
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Garcez
authors.affiliation: Graduate student in Medicine. Federal University of Piaui. Teresina-Piaui, Brazil..
authors.forename: James Frederico Rocha
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Pacheco
authors.affiliation: M.Sc. in Pharmacology. Federal University of Piaui. Teresina-Piaui, Brazil..
authors.forename: Francisco Valmor Macedo
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.affiliation: PhD in Chemistry. Department of Chemistry. Federal University of Piaui. Teresina-Piaui, Brazil..
authors.forename: José Machado
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Moita Neto
authors.affiliation: Graduate student in Medicine. Federal University of Piaui. Teresina-Piaui, Brazil..
authors.forename: Manoela Carine Lima
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: de Freitas
authors.affiliation: Graduate student in Medicine. Federal University of Piaui. Teresina-Piaui, Brazil..
authors.forename: Luan Arnon
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: de Melo Cunha
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D034141:Hypoalbuminemia / Q000209:etiology*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D055815:Young Adult