title: A standardized method to create peripheral nerve injury in dogs using an automatic non-serrated forceps.
abstract: This study describes a method that not only generates an automatic and standardized crush injury in the skull base, but also provides investigators with the option to choose from a range of varying pressure levels. We designed an automatic, non-serrated forceps that exerts a varying force of 0 to 100 g and lasts for a defined period of 0 to 60 seconds. This device was then used to generate a crush injury to the right oculomotor nerve of dogs with a force of 10 g for 15 seconds, resulting in a deficit in the pupil-light reflex and ptosis. Further testing of our model with Toluidine-blue staining demonstrated that, at 2 weeks post-surgery disordered oculomotor nerve fibers, axonal loss, and a thinner than normal myelin sheath were visible. Electrophysiological examination showed occasional spontaneous potentials. Together, these data verified that the model for oculomotor nerve injury was successful, and that the forceps we designed can be used to establish standard mechanical injury models of peripheral nerves.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China ; The Cranial Nerve Disease Center of Shanghai, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Xuhui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China ; The Cranial Nerve Disease Center of Shanghai, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Xinyuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Youqiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Ningxi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Baohui
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China ; The Cranial Nerve Disease Center of Shanghai, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Wenchuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Shugan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China ; The Cranial Nerve Disease Center of Shanghai, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Shiting
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
keywords: cranial nerve; forceps; instrument; model; nerve injury; neural regeneration; oculomotor nerve; peripheral nerve; quantitation