title: Efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy versus anxiety management for body dysmorphic disorder: a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The evidence base for the efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for treating body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is weak.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether CBT is more effective than anxiety management (AM) in an outpatient setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a single-blind stratified parallel-group randomised controlled trial. The primary endpoint was at 12 weeks, and the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale for BDD (BDD-YBOCS) was the primary outcome measure. Secondary measures for BDD included the Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale (BABS), the Appearance Anxiety Inventory (AAI) and the Body Image Quality of Life Inventory (BIQLI). The outcome measures were collected at baseline and week 12. The CBT group, unlike the AM group, had 4 further weekly sessions that were analysed for their added value. Both groups then completed measures at their 1-month follow-up. Forty-six participants with a DSM-IV diagnosis of BDD, including those with delusional BDD, were randomly allocated to either CBT or AM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 12 weeks, CBT was found to be significantly superior to AM on the BDD-YBOCS [β = -7.19; SE (β) = 2.61; p < 0.01; 95% CI = -12.31 to -2.07; d = 0.99] as well as the secondary outcome measures of the BABS, AAI and BIQLI. Further benefits occurred by week 16 within the CBT group. There were no differences in outcome for those with delusional BDD or depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CBT is an effective intervention for people with BDD even with delusional beliefs or depression and is more effective than AM over 12 weeks.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Veale
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anson
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miles
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pieta
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Nell
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ellison
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000628:therapy; D057215:Body Dysmorphic Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life; D012064:Relaxation Therapy / Q000379:methods; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult