title: Vesical calculus formation on non-absorbable sutures used for open inguinal hernia repair.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Iatrogenic injuries to the urogenital tract are rare, with the bladder being the organ most affected. We describe a case of a vesical calculus that formed on non-absorbable sutures that were used to repair an inguinal hernia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 45-year-old male presented with frank haematuria and dysuria 2 years following an open left inguinal hernia repair. A CT urography showed a vesical calculus adherent to the left anterio-lateral wall of the bladder. Cystoscopy revealed that the calculus formed on non-absorbable sutures. Cystolapaxy was performed followed by cystoscopic excision of the sutures. The patient's post-operative course was uneventful.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Foreign bodies in the urinary bladder always act as a nidus for formation of a calculus. Iatrogenic bladder injuries are common during hernia repair. It is however rare for sutures used to repair an inguinal hernia to involve the urinary bladder wall. The patient most likely had a full bladder at the time of hernia repair or the bladder was part of the contents of the hernia sac.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case illustrates the need to ensure that the bladder is empty prior to pelvic surgery and for surgeons to have a good understanding of inguinal anatomy to avoid injuring the contents of the hernia sac.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital, Kuwait.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Almarzouq
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital, Kuwait.
authors.forename: Akram H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Mahmoud
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital, Kuwait.
authors.forename: Samuel D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Ashebu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital, Kuwait; Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait. Electronic address: ekehinde@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Elijah O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Kehinde
keywords: Foreign bodies; Iatrogenic; Inguinal hernia repair; Suture; Vesical calculus