title: Florfenicol residues in rainbow trout after oral dosing in recirculating and flow-through culture systems.
abstract: Aquaflor is a feed premix for fish containing the broad spectrum antibacterial agent florfenicol (FFC) incorporated at a ratio of 50% (w/w). To enhance the effectiveness of FFC for salmonids infected with certain isolates of Flavobacterium psychrophilum causing cold water disease, the FFC dose must be increased from the standard 10 mg·kg⁻¹ body weight (BW)·d⁻¹ for 10 consecutive days. A residue depletion study was conducted to determine whether FFC residues remaining in the fillet tissue after treating fish at an increased dose would be safe for human consumption. Groups of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (total n = 144; weight range, 126-617 g) were treated with FFC at 20 mg·kg⁻¹ BW·d⁻¹ for 10 d in a flow-through system (FTS) and a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) each with a water temperature of ∼13°C. The two-tank RAS included a nontreated tank containing 77 fish. Fish were taken from each tank (treated tank, n = 16; nontreated tank, n = 8) at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 120, 240, 360, and 480 h posttreatment. Florfenicol amine (FFA) concentrations (the FFC marker residue) in skin-on fillets from treated fish were greatest at 12 h posttreatment (11.58 μg/g) in the RAS and were greatest at 6 h posttreatment (11.09 μg/g) in the FTS. The half-lives for FFA in skin-on fillets from the RAS and FTS were 20.3 and 19.7 h, respectively. Assimilation of FFC residues in the fillets of nontreated fish sharing the RAS with FFC-treated fish was minimal. Florfenicol water concentrations peaked in the RAS-treated tank and nontreated tanks at 10 h (453 μg/L) and 11 h (442 μg/L) posttreatment, respectively. Monitoring of nitrite concentrations throughout the study indicated the nitrogen oxidation efficiency of the RAS biofilter was minimally impacted by the FFC treatment.
authors.affiliation: a U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center 2630 Fanta Reed Road, La Crosse , Wisconsin 54603 , USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Meinertz
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bernardy
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Gaikowski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Whitsel
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Endris
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D017756:Aquaculture; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000737:chemistry*; D006799:Housing, Animal; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss; D013839:Thiamphenicol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014872:Water Movements
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014867:Water; C083312:florfenicol amine; C035534:florfenicol; D013839:Thiamphenicol