title: Nature inspires sensors to do more with less.
abstract: The world is filled with widely varying chemical, physical, and biological stimuli. Over millennia, organisms have refined their senses to cope with these diverse stimuli, becoming virtuosos in differentiating closely related antigens, handling extremes in concentration, resetting the spent sensing mechanisms, and processing the multiple data streams being generated. Nature successfully deals with both repeating and new stimuli, demonstrating great adaptability when confronted with the latter. Interestingly, nature accomplishes these feats using a fairly simple toolbox. The sensors community continues to draw inspiration from nature's example: just look at the antibodies used as biosensor capture agents or the neural networks that process multivariate data streams. Indeed, many successful sensors have been built by simply mimicking natural systems. However, some of the most exciting breakthroughs occur when the community moves beyond mimicking nature and learns to use nature's tools in innovative ways.
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory , Washington, DC 20375, United States.
authors.forename: Shawn P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Mulvaney
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Sheehan
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D019368:Nature