title: Tailoring the foreign body response for in situ vascular tissue engineering.
abstract: This study describes a screening platform for a guided in situ vascular tissue engineering approach. Polymer rods were developed that upon 3 weeks of subcutaneous implantation evoke a controlled inflammatory response culminating in encapsulation by a tube-shaped autologous fibrocellular tissue capsule, which can form a basis for a tissue-engineered blood vessel. Rods of co-polymer were produced using different ratios of poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate) and poly(butylene terephthalate) to create a range of physicochemical properties. In addition, a set of different physical, chemical, and biological surface modifications were tested on their ability to actively steer this tissue capsule formation using a rat model as testing platform. Tissue capsules were mainly composed of circumferentially aligned collagen and myofibroblasts. Different implant material resulted in distinct differences in tissue capsule formation. Compared to its unmodified counterparts, all surface modifications resulted in increased wall thickness, collagen, and myofibroblasts. Oxygen plasma-treated rods resulted in loose tissue arrangement, collagen, and collagen/TGF-β-coated rods yielded thick, collagen-rich, densely packed tissue capsules, though with a random distribution of myofibroblasts. In contrast, chloroform-etched rods provided homogenous densely packed tissue capsules, completely populated by myofibroblasts. In conclusion, by varying the implant's surface characteristics, tissue capsule composition, cell distribution, and tissue arrangement could be tailored, enabling controlled guidance of the tissue response for in vivo vascular tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, The Netherlands .
authors.forename: Tonia C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Rothuizen
authors.forename: Febriyani F R
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Damanik
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lavrijsen
authors.forename: Martijn A J
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Ton J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Rabelink
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moroni
authors.forename: Joris I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Rotmans
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D005549:Foreign-Body Reaction; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D058628:Myofibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates / Q000737:chemistry; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013499:Surface Properties; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D011091:Polyesters; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C041733:poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate); D003094:Collagen; D010100:Oxygen