title: Microbiota, the immune system, black moods and the brain-melancholia updated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology), University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Lesley E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Smythies
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA ; Department of Psychology, Center for Brain and Cognition, University of California, San Diego San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Smythies
keywords: MDD; exosomes; gut-brain networks; inflammation; leaky gut hypothesis; microbiota; psychobiotics; stress