title: Dietary supplementation with cocoa flavanols does not alter colon tissue profiles of native flavanols and their microbial metabolites established during habitual dietary exposure in C57BL/6J mice.
abstract: Metabolism of flavanols (catechins, procyanidins) by gut microbiota has been extensively characterized. Comparatively little is known about accumulation of flavanols and their metabolites in the colon tissues, particularly during chronic exposure to low doses. Mice were fed low doses of cocoa flavanols for 12 weeks. Supplementation of the control diet with flavanols did not increase colonic tissue accumulation of flavanols nor microbial metabolites versus control. The type of cocoa flavanols did not affect colonic tissue accumulation of native flavanols or metabolites. Total phenolic content of the diets indicated that these results are not explained by background levels of undetected phenolics in the control diet. This is the longest known chronic flavanol feeding study to examine colonic tissue accumulation. Vast differences appear to exist between acute high doses and chronic low doses, to which gut microbiota and epithelium adapt. These results indicate that the fate of flavanols in the colon during chronic exposure is not fully understood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, ‡Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, and #Metabolic Phenotyping Core Facility, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States.
authors.forename: Katheryn M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Goodrich
authors.forename: Melanie R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Dorenkott
authors.forename: Liyun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Sean F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: O'Keefe
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Hulver
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Neilson
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D002099:Cacao / Q000378:metabolism*; D002392:Catechin / Q000378:metabolism*; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D064307:Microbiota; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000378:metabolism*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D002392:Catechin
keywords: catechins; cocoa; colon; degree of polymerization; flavanols; metabolites; microflora; procyanidins