title: Long-term outcome of prismatic correction in children with consecutive esotropia after bilateral lateral rectus recession.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the long-term outcome of prismatic correction in consecutive esotropia after bilateral lateral rectus (BLR) recession in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 392 children with exotropia who received BLR recession, 44 developed consecutive esotropia. Five children underwent reoperation and 39 were treated with base-out prism glasses. The clinical characteristics and the efficacy of prismatic correction defined as the duration of prism treatment and the annual rate of decline in esodeviation angle (prism dioptres (PD)/year) after prismatic correction, clinical success rates based on postoperative alignment at distance, and the change in stereopsis were evaluated in the children who were treated with base-out prism glasses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a mean follow-up duration of 37.0±11.5 months, a successful motor outcome was achieved in 66.7% of patients and stereoacuity was improved or maintained in 79.2%. No patient lost stereopsis as a result of overcorrection. Prism glasses were prescribed an average of 7.4±8.1 months after surgery. During prism wear, the annual rate of decline in esodeviation was 4.2±6.7 PD. The mean duration of prism wear was 24.0±10.5 months and 82.1% were weaned off prisms at the last follow-up examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with consecutive esotropia after BLR recession, the angle of esodeviation continuously decreased and 82% were weaned off prism glasses after 3 years. Prismatic correction achieves good motor outcome while maintaining a favourable sensory status in most patients with consecutive esotropia after BLR recession.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Kyoung
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Kyung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003867:Depth Perception / Q000502:physiology; D004948:Esotropia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005099:Exotropia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005139:Eyeglasses; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Muscles; Treatment Medical; Treatment Surgery