title: Production of biodiesel from Vietnamese Jatropha curcas oil by a co-solvent method.
abstract: Biodiesel fuels (BDFs) was successfully produced from Vietnamese Jatropha curcas oil with high content of free fatty acids (FFAs) in two stages. In the first stage, the esterification process was carried out with the optimal conditions as follows; a methanol-to-FFAs molar ratio of 6:1, 1 wt% H2SO4, at a temperature of 65 °C, and using 30% (wt/wt) acetonitrile as co-solvent. This step reduced the concentration of FFAs in the reaction mixture from 15.93 to 2 wt% in 60 min. In the second stage, the transesterification process generated fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) with 99% efficiency was performed in 30 min with the optimal conditions as follows; a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 6:1, 1 wt% KOH, at a temperature of 40 °C, and 20% (wt/wt) acetone as co-solvent. The produced biodiesel quality meets the standards JIS K2390 and EN 14214 regarding FAME yield, FFAs and water contents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, VNU, 19 Le Thanh Tong St., Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi, Viet Nam. Electronic address: luuphuongtheday@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Phuong Duc
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Luu
authors.affiliation: Danang Environmental Technology Center, Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Tran Dai Nghia Road, Ngu Hanh Son District, Danang, Viet Nam. Electronic address: hoa.danetc@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hoa Thi
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Truong
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, VNU, 19 Le Thanh Tong St., Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi, Viet Nam. Electronic address: luu.vanboi@vnu.edu.vn.
authors.forename: Boi Van
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Luu
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, VNU, 19 Le Thanh Tong St., Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi, Viet Nam. Electronic address: phamngoclan49@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Lan Ngoc
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.affiliation: Research Organization for University-Community Collaborations, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan. Electronic address: k_imamura@riast.osakafu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan. Electronic address: takenaka@chem.osakafu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Norimichi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takenaka
authors.affiliation: Research Organization for University-Community Collaborations, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan. Electronic address: y-maeda@chem.osakafu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yasuaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maeda
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels; D004951:Esterification; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000032:analysis; D031286:Jatropha / Q000737:chemistry*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D010938:Plant Oils; D012997:Solvents
keywords: Acid-catalyzed esterification; Biodiesel fuel; Co-solvent method; Jatropha curcas oil; Transesterification