title: [Uterine torsion in cattle--therapy and consequences for calf and cow].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To summarize the available literature on the therapy of uterine torsion in cattle and the consequences for cow and calf.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of the literature using electronic libraries (PubMed, Medline), German veterinary medical journals and obstetrical textbooks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The therapy includes the attempt to rotate the uterus back into its physiological position. Direct and indirect methods of retorsion are available and applied according to the case conditions. Subsequently, the extraction of the calf can be performed via vaginal delivery or caesarean section. The presence of uterine torsion always leads to dystocia. Following a successful retorsion, the time and degree of uterine torsion strongly influence the progress of the birth. The prognosis also depends on the aforementioned factors and varies between good to unsuccessful. The vitality of the calf displays great variation depending on the literature (14-90%), however, is generally greater under field than clinical conditions. Focussing on the puerperal development of the cow, all grades from mild irritations of the uterine involution to fatal complications occur. The influence on fertility depends on the progress of the birth and existing secondary complications. The risk for electrolyte disturbances is increased (approximately 50%) as is the risk of birth-associated injuries (approximately 20%). The incidence of placental retention varies widely between different authors (3-52%).
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Erteld
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krohn
authors.forename: I T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Dzhakupov
authors.affiliation: Prof. Dr. Axel Wehrend, Dipl. ECAR, Klinik für Geburtshilfe, Gynäkologie und Andrologie der Groß- und Kleintiere mit Tierärztlicher Ambulanz der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Frankfurter Straße 106, 35392 Gießen, E-Mail: Axel.Wehrend@vetmed.uni-giessen.de.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wehrend
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011379:Prognosis; D014102:Torsion Abnormality / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D014591:Uterine Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D014599:Uterus / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Uterine torsion; dystocia; parturition; prognosis; therapy