title: Clinical and neuroimaging characterization of Chinese dementia patients with PSEN1 and PSEN2 mutations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are two common forms of primary neurodegenerative dementia. Mutations in 3 genes (PSEN1, PSEN2, and APP) have been identified in patients with early-onset AD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed gene sequencing in PSEN1, PSEN2, and APP in 61 AD and 35 FTD Chinese patients. Amyloid load using (11)C-labeled Pittsburgh compound B ((11)C-PIB) positron emission tomography (PET) and cerebral glucose metabolism using (18)F-fludeoxyglucose PET were evaluated in patients carrying mutations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 1 known pathogenic PSEN1 (p.His163Arg, c.488A>G) mutation and 3 novel PSEN2 mutations in 6 patients. The novel mutation PSEN2 (p.His169Asn, c.505C>A) was identified in 1 patient with familial late-onset AD and in 1 sporadic FTD patient. The PSEN2 (p.Val214Leu, c.640G>T; p.Lys82Arg, c.245A>G) mutations were identified in 2 early-onset AD patients and 1 early-onset AD patient, respectively. Three patients with PSEN2 mutations were observed to have PIB retention on the cortex and striatum. One patient with the FTD phenotype was not observed to have PIB retention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PSEN2 mutations are common in the Chinese Han population with a history of AD and FTD. Pathogenic mutations or risk variants in the PSEN2 gene can influence both FTD and AD phenotypic traits and show variations in neuroimaging characterization.
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Mengyuan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shuling
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yuying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jinhuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Ya Ruth
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ji
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics*; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000235:genetics; D044466:Asian People / Q000208:ethnology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D057180:Frontotemporal Dementia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020125:Mutation, Missense / Q000235:genetics*; D059906:Neuroimaging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D053764:Presenilin-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D053766:Presenilin-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted
chemical_list: D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D001786:Blood Glucose; C508853:PSEN1 protein, human; C508861:PSEN2 protein, human; D053764:Presenilin-1; D053766:Presenilin-2