title: Anti-inflammatory effects of Siegesbeckia orientalis ethanol extract in in vitro and in vivo models.
abstract: This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory responses and mechanisms of Siegesbeckia orientalis ethanol extract (SOE). In cell culture experiments, RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with SOE and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for inflammatory mediators assay. In animal experiments, mice were tube-fed with SOE for 1 week, and s.c. injected with λ-carrageenan or i.p. injected with LPS to simulate inflammation. The degree of paw edema was assessed, and cytokine profile in sera and mouse survival were recorded. Data showed that SOE significantly reduced NO, IL-6, and TNF-α production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In vivo studies demonstrated that mice supplemented with 32 mg SOE/kg BW/day significantly lowered sera IL-6 level and resulted a higher survival rate compared to the control group (P = 0.019). Furthermore, SOE inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB activation by blocking the degradation of IκB-α. The SOE also reduced significantly the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38, and JNK in a dose-dependent manner. In summary, the in vitro and in vivo evidence indicate that SOE can attenuate acute inflammation by inhibiting inflammatory mediators via suppression of MAPKs- and NF-κB-dependent pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yong-Han
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0032-9167
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Li-Wen
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chi-Chang
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsia-Fen
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chao-Ping
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan ; Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Wei
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan ; Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jer-Yiing
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Houng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000431:Ethanol