title: Gastric emptying evaluation by ultrasound prior colonoscopy: an easy tool following bowel preparation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the gastric emptying after bowel preparation to allow general anaesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, non-comparative, and non-randomized trial was performed and registered on Eudra CT database (2011-002953-80) and on www.trial.gov (NCT01398098). All patients had a validated indication for colonoscopy and a preparation using sodium phosphate (NaP) tablets. The day of the procedure, patients took 4 tablets with 250 mL of water every 15 min, three times. The gastric volume was estimated every 15 min from computed antral surfaces and weight according to the formula of Perlas et al (Anesthesiology, 2009). Colonoscopy was performed within the 6 h following the last intake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty patients were prospectively included in the study from November 2011 to May 2012. The maximum volume of the antrum was 212 mL, achieved 15 min after the last intake. 24%, 67% and 92% of subjects had an antral volume below 20 mL at 60, 120 and 150 min, respectively. 81% of patients had a Boston score equal to 2 or 3 in each colonic segment. No adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation were reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gastric volume evaluation appeared to be a simple and reliable method for the assessment of gastric emptying. Data allow considering the NaP tablets bowel preparation in the morning of the procedure and confirming that gastric emptying is achieved after two hours, allowing general anaesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Romain Coriat, Vanessa Polin, Marion Dhooge, Sarah Leblanc, Anouk Esch, Tessa Tabouret, Maximilien Barret, Frédéric Prat, Stanislas Chaussade, Gastroenterology unit and endoscopy unit, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75014 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coriat
authors.affiliation: Romain Coriat, Vanessa Polin, Marion Dhooge, Sarah Leblanc, Anouk Esch, Tessa Tabouret, Maximilien Barret, Frédéric Prat, Stanislas Chaussade, Gastroenterology unit and endoscopy unit, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75014 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Polin
authors.affiliation: Romain Coriat, Vanessa Polin, Marion Dhooge, Sarah Leblanc, Anouk Esch, Tessa Tabouret, Maximilien Barret, Frédéric Prat, Stanislas Chaussade, Gastroenterology unit and endoscopy unit, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75014 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Ammar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oudjit
authors.affiliation: Romain Coriat, Vanessa Polin, Marion Dhooge, Sarah Leblanc, Anouk Esch, Tessa Tabouret, Maximilien Barret, Frédéric Prat, Stanislas Chaussade, Gastroenterology unit and endoscopy unit, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75014 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Henri
authors.affiliation: Romain Coriat, Vanessa Polin, Marion Dhooge, Sarah Leblanc, Anouk Esch, Tessa Tabouret, Maximilien Barret, Frédéric Prat, Stanislas Chaussade, Gastroenterology unit and endoscopy unit, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75014 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dhooge
authors.affiliation: Romain Coriat, Vanessa Polin, Marion Dhooge, Sarah Leblanc, Anouk Esch, Tessa Tabouret, Maximilien Barret, Frédéric Prat, Stanislas Chaussade, Gastroenterology unit and endoscopy unit, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75014 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leblanc
authors.affiliation: Romain Coriat, Vanessa Polin, Marion Dhooge, Sarah Leblanc, Anouk Esch, Tessa Tabouret, Maximilien Barret, Frédéric Prat, Stanislas Chaussade, Gastroenterology unit and endoscopy unit, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75014 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delchambre
authors.affiliation: Romain Coriat, Vanessa Polin, Marion Dhooge, Sarah Leblanc, Anouk Esch, Tessa Tabouret, Maximilien Barret, Frédéric Prat, Stanislas Chaussade, Gastroenterology unit and endoscopy unit, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75014 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Anouk
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esch
authors.affiliation: Romain Coriat, Vanessa Polin, Marion Dhooge, Sarah Leblanc, Anouk Esch, Tessa Tabouret, Maximilien Barret, Frédéric Prat, Stanislas Chaussade, Gastroenterology unit and endoscopy unit, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75014 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Tessa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tabouret
authors.affiliation: Romain Coriat, Vanessa Polin, Marion Dhooge, Sarah Leblanc, Anouk Esch, Tessa Tabouret, Maximilien Barret, Frédéric Prat, Stanislas Chaussade, Gastroenterology unit and endoscopy unit, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75014 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Maximilien
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barret
authors.affiliation: Romain Coriat, Vanessa Polin, Marion Dhooge, Sarah Leblanc, Anouk Esch, Tessa Tabouret, Maximilien Barret, Frédéric Prat, Stanislas Chaussade, Gastroenterology unit and endoscopy unit, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75014 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Prat
authors.affiliation: Romain Coriat, Vanessa Polin, Marion Dhooge, Sarah Leblanc, Anouk Esch, Tessa Tabouret, Maximilien Barret, Frédéric Prat, Stanislas Chaussade, Gastroenterology unit and endoscopy unit, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75014 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Stanislas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaussade
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D003106:Colon / Q000473:pathology*; D003113:Colonoscopy; D004326:Drinking; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying; D006801:Humans; D054368:Laxatives / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010297:Paris; D010710:Phosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013270:Stomach / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology; D013607:Tablets; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D054368:Laxatives; D010710:Phosphates; D013607:Tablets; C018279:sodium phosphate
keywords: Colonoscopy; Gastric emptying; Preparation; Ultrasound