title: Systemic matrix metalloproteinase-8 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 levels in severe sepsis-associated coagulopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) have recently been suggested to be involved in coagulation process. Our objectives were to observe systemic MMP-8 and TIMP-1 levels in patients with severe sepsis with or without disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and to study their relationship with coagulation markers over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our prospective pilot study included 22 patients with severe sepsis, nine (41%) of whom had overt DIC. We analysed MMP-8 and TIMP-1 serum concentrations by time-resolved immunofluorometric and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively, on days 1, 2, 4 and 7 after the intensive care unit admission. Traditional coagulation tests were taken at the same time points. The results were compared between patients with and without DIC. Blood samples from 10 healthy volunteers were used to demonstrate normal levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both patient groups had elevated levels of MMP-8 and TIMP-1 as compared with healthy controls. TIMP-1 concentration was almost twofold in DIC patients compared with those without DIC on the first 2 days. MMP-8 was elevated only on day 2. TIMP-1 correlated positively with the severity of coagulation disturbance and with disease severity scores. MMP-8 correlated negatively only with platelet count.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this first human study, we could show that TIMP-1 is elevated in the early phase of sepsis-induced overt DIC, and it correlates both with degree of coagulopathy and disease severity. These findings suggest that TIMP-1 may play a role in the pathogenesis of DIC in septic patients.
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Units, Division of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sivula
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hästbacka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuitunen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lassila
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tervahartiala
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sorsa
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pettilä
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8