title: Alcohol intake, smoking, and colorectal adenoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in Korea. Because colorectal adenoma is a precursor lesion of colorectal cancer, primary prevention of colorectal adenomas may be important for reducing morbidity and mortality from the disease. The aim of this study is to examine the association of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking in relation with colorectal adenoma in a cross-sectional study of Korean adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 366 participants who underwent colonoscopy were included (113 cases and 255 controls) in this study. Information on alcohol intake and cigarette smoking was collected from structured questionnaires. The odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the multivariate logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alcohol intake was associated with a higher prevalence of colorectal adenoma in men; compared to non-drinkers, ORs (95% CIs) were 11.49 (2.55-51.89) for 10-20 g/day of alcohol intake and 14.15 (3.31-60.59) for â 20 g/day of alcohol intake (P for trend = 0.003). There was a weaker association of alcohol intake for women than men; however, there was a suggestive increase in the prevalence of colorectal cancer in women. Cigarette smoking was not associated with colorectal adenoma, but we cannot rule out the possibility that this was due to low statistical power.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study provides evidence to suggest that alcohol intake may contribute to colorectal adenoma in the Korean population. Our study results demonstrate that a larger epidemiologic study is needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yeong Mi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Family Medicine, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Hi
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: Alcohol drinking; Cancer prevention; Cigarette smoking; Colorectal adenoma