title: Bioavailability of plant pigment phytochemicals in Angelica keiskei in older adults: A pilot absorption kinetic study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Angelica keiskei is a green leafy vegetable rich in plant pigment phytochemicals such as flavonoids and carotenoids. This study examined bioavailability of flavonoids and carotenoids in Angelica keiskei and the alteration of the antioxidant performance in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Absorption kinetics of phytochemicals in Angelica keiskei were determined in healthy older adults (> 60 y, n = 5) and subjects with metabolic syndrome (n = 5). Subjects consumed 5 g dry Angelica keiskei powder encapsulated in gelatin capsules with a low flavonoid and carotenoid liquid meal. Plasma samples were collected at baseline, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 h. Samples were analyzed for flavonoids and carotenoids using HPLC systems with electrochemical and UV detection, respectively, and for total antioxidant performance by fluorometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After ingestion of Angelica keiskei increases in plasma quercetin concentrations were observed at 1-3 and 6-8 hr in the healthy group and at all time points in the metabolic syndrome group compared to baseline (P < 0.05). Plasma lutein concentrations were significantly elevated in both the healthy and metabolic syndrome groups at 8 hr (P < 0.05). Significant increases in total antioxidant performance were also observed in both the healthy and the metabolic syndrome groups compared to baseline (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings of this study clearly demonstrate the bioavailability of phytonutrients of Angelica keiskei and their ability to increase antioxidant status in humans.
authors.affiliation: Jean Mayer USDA- Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, USA. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Distrito Rubiao Jr. s/n, 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Correa
authors.affiliation: Jean Mayer USDA- Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, USA.
authors.forename: C-Y Oliver
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aldini
authors.affiliation: Jean Mayer USDA- Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, USA.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.affiliation: Jean Mayer USDA- Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, USA. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Distrito Rubiao Jr. s/n, 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Ronchi
authors.affiliation: Jean Mayer USDA- Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, USA. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Distrito Rubiao Jr. s/n, 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berchieri-Ronchi
authors.affiliation: National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-853, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soo-Muk
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Jean Mayer USDA- Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Blumberg
authors.affiliation: College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju-si, 380-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Jin
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Yeum
keywords: Angelica keiskei; absorption kinetic; lutein; quercetin; total antioxidant performance