title: Super-refractory status epilepticus in West China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to determine the general frequency, mortality, and risk factors of super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) versus non-refractory status epilepticus (NRSE) and refractory status epilepticus (RSE).
  
  
  METHODS
  This work is a retrospective study. Clinical data of patients who were diagnosed with status epilepticus (SE) in the neurological ward and neuro-intensive care unit of West China Hospital from January 2009 to December 2012 were collected and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 98 patients were included in the study. The percentages of NRSE, RSE, and SRSE were 67.3%, 20.4%, and 12.2%, respectively. Convulsive SE was the main seizure type among the three groups. The most common cause of NRSE was related to epilepsy (EP). However, 67.7% of SRSE cases were caused by acute encephalitis. Moreover, 47% of SE and 40% of RSE cases had a history of EP, whereas only 8.3% of SRSE cases had such history (P < 0.01). The percentage of patients with STESS ≤2 was lowest in the SRSE group without statistical significance (P > 0.05). The general mortality of SE was 7.1%, whereas that of SRSE was 50%. During follow-up, most SRSE patients who survived have developed symptomatic EP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study was the first to use the statistical percentage of SRSE. Approximately 12.2% of SE cases will result in SRSE, which is a challenging medical situation for doctors. Patients with first episodes and acute encephalitis were also prone to develop SRSE.
authors.affiliation: Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012640:Seizures / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: refractory status epilepticus; status epilepticus; super-refractory status epilepticus