title: The effect of photon-initiated photoacoustic streaming, ultrasonically and sonically irrigation techniques on the push-out bond strength of a resin sealer to the root dentin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study investigated the effects of various irrigation activation techniques, including laser-activated irrigation using a laser with a novel tip design (photon-induced photoacoustic streaming, PIPS) on the bond strength of an epoxy resin-based sealer to root dentin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two single-rooted human mandibular premolars were prepared using the rotary system to size 40 and randomly divided into four groups (n = 18) according to the final irrigation activation technique used as follows: conventional irrigation (CI), laser-activated irrigation with PIPS (LAI-PIPS), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and sonic irrigation (SI) with 5 mL of 17 % EDTA and 2.5 % NaOCl. The root canals were then obturated with gutta-percha and AH PlusJet sealer. A push-out test was used to measure the bond strength between the root canal dentin and the sealer. The data were analyzed using the two-way analysis of variance and least significant difference (LSD) post hoc tests (P = 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The LAI-PIPS and PUI resulted in higher push-out values compared to CI and SI (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between CI and SI (P = 0.978) and between LAI-PIPS and PUI (P = 0.051). There was a statistically significant interaction between the final irrigant activation techniques used and root canal thirds (P < 0.05). A chi-square test revealed no significant differences in the failure mode within the groups (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of LAI-PIPS and PUI can provide higher bond strength of resin sealer to root dentin compared to CI and SI techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The activation of the irrigant and the creation of the streaming have a positive effect on the bond strength of the resin sealer to root dentin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkey, merve.akcay@ikc.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Merve
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akcay
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arslan
authors.forename: Merve
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mese
authors.forename: N Nur
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Sahin
mesh_terms: D001641:Bicuspid; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D004492:Edetic Acid; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008334:Mandible; D017785:Photons; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000737:chemistry*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000379:methods*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000379:methods*; D014465:Ultrasonics / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D004492:Edetic Acid; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite