title: The stripe rust resistance gene Yr10 encodes an evolutionary-conserved and unique CC-NBS-LRR sequence in wheat.
abstract: The first seedling or all-stage resistance (R) R gene against stripe rust isolated from Moro wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using a map-based cloning approach was identified as Yr10. Clone 4B of this gene encodes a highly evolutionary-conserved and unique CC-NBS-LRR sequence. Clone 4E, a homolog of Yr10, but lacking transcription start site (TSS) and putative TATA-box and CAAT-box, is likely a non-expressed pseudogene. Clones 4B and 4E are 84% identical and divergent in the intron and the LRR domain. Gene silencing and transgenesis were used in conjunction with inoculation with differentially avirulent and virulent stripe rust strains to demonstrate Yr10 functionality. The Yr10 CC-NBS-LRR sequence is unique among known CC-NBS-LRR R genes in wheat but highly conserved homologs (E = 0.0) were identified in Aegilops tauschii and other monocots including Hordeum vulgare and Brachypodium distachyon. Related sequences were also identified in genomic databases of maize, rice, and in sorghum. This is the first report of a CC-NBS-LRR resistance gene in plants with limited homologies in its native host, but with numerous homologous R genes in related monocots that are either host or non-hosts for stripe rust. These results represent a unique example of gene evolution and dispersion across species.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frick
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada Current address: The International Commission on Missing Persons, Alipasina 45A, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors.forename: Réné
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huel
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada Current address: Emergent BioSolutions, 155 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5Y3, Canada.
authors.forename: Cory L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Nykiforuk
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada.
authors.forename: Xiaomin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada.
authors.forename: Denis A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Gaudet
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Eudes
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada Current address: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research Centre, Unit 100-101, Route 100, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada.
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Conner
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada Retired from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuzyk
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada Retired from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China andre.laroche@agr.gc.ca kangzs@nwsuaf.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhensheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada andre.laroche@agr.gc.ca kangzs@nwsuaf.edu.cn.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laroche
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D058431:Brachypodium / Q000235:genetics; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D020868:Gene Silencing; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D017343:Genes, Plant; D001467:Hordeum / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins
keywords: coiled-coil region; gene functionality; gene silencing; homolog sequences; leucine-rich repeat domain.; nucleotide-binding site; seedling or all-stage stripe rust resistance; transgenesis