title: The effect of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids intake during pregnancy on adiposity of healthy full-term offspring at birth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The adjusted effect of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) intake during pregnancy on adiposity at birth of healthy full-term appropriate-for-gestational age neonates was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional convenience sample of 100 mother and infant dyads, LCPUFA intake during pregnancy was assessed by food frequency questionnaire with nutrient intake calculated using Food Processor Plus. Linear regression models for neonatal body composition measurements, assessed by air displacement plethysmography and anthropometry, were adjusted for maternal LCPUFA intakes, energy and macronutrient intakes, prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive associations between maternal docosahexaenoic acid intake and ponderal index in male offspring (β=0.165; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.031-0.299; P=0.017), and between n-6:n-3 LCPUFA ratio intake and fat mass (β=0.021; 95% CI: 0.002-0.041; P=0.034) and percentage of fat mass (β=0.636; 95% CI: 0.125-1.147; P=0.016) in female offspring were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using a reliable validated method to assess body composition, adjusted positive associations between maternal docosahexaenoic acid intake and birth size in male offspring and between n-6:n-3 LCPUFA ratio intake and adiposity in female offspring were found, suggesting that maternal LCPUFA intake strongly influences fetal body composition.
authors.affiliation: 1] Neonatal Division, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal [2] Nutrition Lab, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal [3] Dietetics and Nutrition, Lisbon School of Health Technology, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pereira-da-Silva
authors.affiliation: Dietetics and Nutrition, Lisbon School of Health Technology, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cabo
authors.affiliation: Dietetics and Nutrition, Lisbon School of Health Technology, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: 1] Research Unit, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal [2] Center of Statistics and Applications, University of Lisbon and Biostatistics and Informatics Department, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Papoila
authors.affiliation: 1] Neonatal Division, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal [2] Research Unit, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Virella
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Lab, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Neves
authors.affiliation: 1] Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, St. John Providence Children's Hospital, Detroit, MI USA [2] Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Health Related Professions, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Bridges
authors.affiliation: 1] Neonatal Division, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal [2] Nutrition Lab, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cordeiro-Ferreira
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D002149:Energy Intake; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D011247:Pregnancy; D015430:Weight Gain; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3