title: Complete larval development of the Monkey River Prawn Macrobrachium lar (Palaemonidae) using a novel greenwater technique.
abstract: This study documents the complete larval development of the Monkey River Prawn Macrobrachium lar using a new greenwater rearing technique. Approximately 6,000 larvae were reared for 110 days at an initial stocking density of 1 ind./6 L. Salinity at hatch was 10 ± 2 ppt and progressively increased to 30 ± 2 ppt until decapodids had metamorphosed. Temperature was maintained at 28 ± 0.5°C, pH at 7.8 ± 0.2, DO2 > 6.5 mg/L and NH(4+) and NH3 ≤ 1.5 and ≤0.1 ppm respectively throughout the culture period. Larval development was extended and occurred through 13 zoeal stages, with the first decapodid measuring 6.2 ± 0.63 mm in total length observed after 77 days. 5 decapodids in total were produced, and overall survival to this stage was 0.08%. Overall, the pattern of larval growth shares similarities with those of other Macrobrachium spp. that have a prolonged/normal type of development, and it is likely that larvae underwent mark time moulting which contributed to the lengthened development duration. While this study represents a significant breakthrough in efforts to domesticate M. lar, improvement of larval survival rates and decreased time till metamorphosis are required before it can become fully viable for commercial scale aquaculture.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville Campus, Townsville, Queensland Australia ; College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville Campus, Townsville, Queensland Australia ; School of Marine Studies, Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment, University of the South Pacific, Laucala Campus, Suva, Fiji Islands.
authors.forename: Monal M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lal
authors.affiliation: School of Marine Studies, Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment, University of the South Pacific, Laucala Campus, Suva, Fiji Islands.
authors.forename: Johnson
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seeto
authors.affiliation: Coastal Fisheries Programme, Aquaculture Section, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Suva Regional Office, Nabua, Suva, Fiji Islands.
authors.forename: Timothy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Pickering
keywords: Biofloc; Decapodid; Greenwater technique; Larvae; Larval development; Macrobrachium lar; Zoea