title: Anguli Parimana in Ayurveda and its association with adiposity and diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have shown the association of disproportionate body size measurements with noncommunicable diseases like diabetes. This concept is described in Ayurveda (1500 BC), which uses Anguli Parimana (the breadth of one's own finger as 1 unit) to measure the body proportions. Excessive tallness or shortness (deviation from the reference value of Anguli Parimana) indicated deranged meda dhaatu (mainly adipose tissue). Deranged meda dhatu was associated with Prameha (diabetes).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To find association of Anguli Parimana with modern parameters of adiposity and diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 192 village residents representing the whole population (94 men and 98 women) to measure height, arm span, facial structures and limbs and expressed them in Anguli pariman (ratio of each measure as: Length or height of the body part [cm]/anguli, i.e. average finger breadth [cm]). The Anguli measurements were associated with body mass index, body fat percentage by DEXA, glucose and fasting insulin levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The volunteers were adults between 20 and 40 years age. Their mean fasting and 2 h plasma glucose concentrations were 91.6 mg% and 102.8 mg%, respectively. Of all, only 6 subjects had impaired glucose tolerance, while 3 were diabetic (WHO 1999). When compared with reference Anguli measurements mentioned by Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita, the participants had smaller height, facial structures, and lower limbs. Those, who had proportionately smaller facial, neck and limb structures, had higher obesity, adiposity, plasma glucose, insulin and insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment [HOMA]-R) indicating higher metabolic risk. In contrast, those who had proportionately larger forehead and face had higher beta cell function measured as HOMA-B indicating lower risk for diabetes (r = 0.20 both P < 0.05 all, adjusted for age and gender).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with ancient Indian Anguli reference, our subjects were proportionately smaller in most of the measurements except fingers and upper arm. Relative smallness of body parts was predictive of increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Unit, KEM Hospital and Research Centre, Rasta Peth, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Jyoti A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Shirodkar
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Unit, KEM Hospital and Research Centre, Rasta Peth, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Mehmood G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Sayyad
authors.affiliation: Vaidya Vilas Nanal Research Foundation, Kunte Chowk, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Vilas M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Nanal
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Unit, KEM Hospital and Research Centre, Rasta Peth, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Chittaranjan S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Yajnik
keywords: Adiposity; Anguli Pariman; Ayurved; body proportion; insulin resistance in Indians