title: Protective effects of a new phloretin derivative against UVB-induced damage in skin cell model and human volunteers.
abstract: The phenolic compound phloretin is a prominent member of the chemical class of dihydrochalcones. Phloretin is specifically found in apple and apple juice and known for its biological properties. We were particularly interested in its potential dermo-cosmetic applications. However, practical limitations of phloretin do exist due to its poor water-solubility. Phloretin was sulfonated with sulfuric acid (98%, wt) and mixed with saturated salt water to produce phloretin 3',3-disulfonate in order to increase its water-solubility. Here we reported the photoprotective effect of phloretin 3',3-disulfonate (PS), a new semi-synthetic derivative of phloretin. Results showed that PS attenuated cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPDs) formation, glutathione (GSH) depletion and apoptosis induced by ultraviolet B (UVB). The photoprotective effect of PS is tightly correlated to the enhancement of nucleotide excision repair (NER) gene expression. Furthemore, PS had inhibitory effects on UVB-induced release of the inflammatory mediators, such as IL-6 and prostaglandin-E2. We also confirmed the safety and clinical efficacy of PS on human skin. Overall, the results demonstrated significant benefits of PS on the protection of keratinocytes against UVB-induced injuries and suggested its potential use in skin photoprotection.
authors.affiliation: Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Seoungnam City, Gyunggi Do 462-807, Korea. biost@biospectrum.com.
authors.forename: Seoungwoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Seoungnam City, Gyunggi Do 462-807, Korea. biosd@biospectrum.com.
authors.forename: Hyunwoo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kum
authors.affiliation: Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Seoungnam City, Gyunggi Do 462-807, Korea. biosc@biospectrum.com.
authors.forename: Dehun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Seoungnam City, Gyunggi Do 462-807, Korea. biotq@biospectrum.com.
authors.forename: Minkyung
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Seoungnam City, Gyunggi Do 462-807, Korea. bioso@biospectrum.com.
authors.forename: Eunsun
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Seoungnam City, Gyunggi Do 462-807, Korea. pdh@biospectrum.com.
authors.forename: Deokhoon
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002460:Cell Line; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000187:drug effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010693:Phloretin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023422:Skin Irritancy Tests; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D013473:Sunscreening Agents; D005978:Glutathione; D010693:Phloretin