title: A randomised controlled trial of laser scanning and casting for the construction of ankle-foot orthoses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Three-dimensional laser scanning has been used for patient measurement for cranial helmets and spinal braces. Ankle-foot orthoses are commonly prescribed for children with orthopaedic conditions. This trial sought to compare ankle-foot orthoses produced by laser scanning or traditional plaster casting.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Assessment of the effectiveness and efficiency of using laser scanning to produce ankle-foot orthoses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trial with blinding of orthotists and patients to the construction technique used.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomised double-blind trial comparing fabrication of ankle-foot orthoses from casts or laser scans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The time spent in the rectification and moulding of scanned ankle-foot orthoses was around 50% less than for cast ankle-foot orthoses. A non-significant increase of 9 days was seen in the time to delivery to the patient for laser scanning with computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing. There was a higher incidence of problems with the scan-based ankle-foot orthoses at delivery of the device, but no difference in how long the ankle-foot orthoses lasted. Costs associated with laser scanning were not significantly different from traditional methods of ankle-foot orthosis manufacture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with conventional casting techniques, laser scan-based ankle-foot orthosis manufacture did not significantly improve either the quality of the final product or the time to delivery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) are a common requirement for chronic neurological conditions during childhood. Improved efficiency of provision of AFOs would benefit children and families by reducing the delay in provision of devices and would benefit the health service by making best use of valuable orthotist time.
authors.affiliation: Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, UK andrew.roberts@rjah.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.affiliation: Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, UK.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wales
authors.affiliation: Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, UK.
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Christopher James
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Sampson
authors.affiliation: Keele University, Keele, UK.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: James
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002370:Casts, Surgical; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004867:Equipment Design / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D061826:Foot Orthoses; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007834:Lasers; D008297:Male; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing; fabrication techniques; lower limb orthotics