title: Heart rate during basketball game play and volleyball drills accurately predicts oxygen uptake and energy expenditure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is currently little information regarding the ability of metabolic prediction equations to accurately predict oxygen uptake and exercise intensity from heart rate (HR) during intermittent sport. The purpose of the present study was to develop and, cross-validate equations appropriate for accurately predicting oxygen cost (VO2) and energy expenditure from HR during intermittent sport participation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven healthy adult males (19.9±1.1yrs) were recruited to establish the relationship between %VO2peak and %HRmax during low-intensity steady state endurance (END), moderate-intensity interval (MOD) and high intensity-interval exercise (HI), as performed on a cycle ergometer. Three equations (END, MOD, and HI) for predicting %VO2peak based on %HRmax were developed. HR and VO2 were directly measured during basketball games (6 male, 20.8±1.0 yrs; 6 female, 20.0±1.3yrs) and volleyball drills (12 female; 20.8±1.0yrs). Comparisons were made between measured and predicted VO2 and energy expenditure using the 3 equations developed and 2 previously published equations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The END and MOD equations accurately predicted VO2 and energy expenditure, while the HI equation underestimated, and the previously published equations systematically overestimated VO2 and energy expenditure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intermittent sport VO2 and energy expenditure can be accurately predicted from heart rate data using either the END (%VO2peak=%HRmax x 1.008-17.17) or MOD (%VO2peak=%HRmax x 1.2-32) equations. These 2 simple equations provide an accessible and cost-effective method for accurate estimation of exercise intensity and energy expenditure during intermittent sport.
authors.affiliation: School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada - gurdb@queensu.ca.
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Scribbans
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Narazaki
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Gurd
mesh_terms: D001490:Basketball / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D016552:Ergometry / Q000379:methods*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D054798:Volleyball / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult