title: The prion protein protease sensitivity, stability and seeding activity in variably protease sensitive prionopathy brain tissue suggests molecular overlaps with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Variably protease sensitive prionopathy (VPSPr) is a recently described, sporadic human prion disease that is pathologically and biochemically distinct from the currently recognised sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) subtypes. The defining biochemical features of the abnormal form of the prion protein (PrPSc) in VPSPr are increased sensitivity to proteolysis and the presence of an N- and C-terminally cleaved ~8 kDa protease resistant PrPSc (PrPres) fragment. The biochemical and neuropathological profile of VPSPr has been proposed to resemble either Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS) or familial CJD with the PRNP-V180I mutation. However, in some cases of VPSPr two protease resistant bands have been observed in Western blots that co-migrate with those of type 2 PrPres, suggesting that a proportion of the PrPSc present in VPSPr has properties similar to those of sCJD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here, we have used conformation dependent immunoassay to confirm the presence of PrPSc in VPSPr that is more protease sensitive compared with sCJD. However, CDI also shows that a proportion of PrPSc in VPSPr resists PK digestion of its C-terminus, distinguishing it from GSS associated with ~8 kDa PrPres, and showing similarity to sCJD. Intensive investigation of a single VPSPr case with frozen tissue from multiple brain regions shows a broad, region-specific spectrum of protease sensitivity and differential stability of PrPSc in the absence of PK treatment. Finally, using protein misfolding cyclic amplification and real-time quaking induced conversion, we show that VPSPr PrPSc has the potential to seed conversion in vitro and that seeding activity is dispersed through a broad range of aggregate sizes. We further propose that seeding activity is associated with the ~19 and ~23 kDa PrPres rather than the ~8 kDa fragment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therefore, PrPSc in VPSPr is heterogeneous in terms of protease sensitivity and stability to denaturation with the chaotrope GdnHCl and includes a proportion with similar properties to that found in sCJD.
authors.affiliation: National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit (NCJDRSU), School of Clinical Sciences (Division of Clinical Neurosciences), College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK. A.Peden@ed.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Alexander H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Peden
authors.forename: Deep P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Sarode
authors.forename: Carl R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Mulholland
authors.forename: Marcelo A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Barria
authors.forename: Diane L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Ritchie
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Ironside
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Head
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D007562:Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D018620:PrPSc Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017096:Prion Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D059748:Proteolysis
chemical_list: D010446:Peptide Fragments; D018620:PrPSc Proteins; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases