title: Cognitive and Adaptive Skill Profile Differences in Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder With and Without Comorbid Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder.
abstract: Children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) often present with comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which can complicate diagnosis and treatment planning. This study investigated the cognitive and adaptive profiles of 81 children with ADHD/FASD and 147 children with ADHD. Multivariate analysis of variance and follow-up discriminant analysis indicated that the two groups had similar profiles on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, although the children with comorbid ADHD/FASD demonstrated significantly more impairment in verbal ability, perceptual reasoning, working memory, processing speed, and overall adaptive skills. The results suggested that when compared with children with ADHD alone, children with ADHD/FASD exhibit significantly more impaired cognitive processing and adaptive skill deficits that are essential for school success and healthy social, behavioral, and emotional functioning. Research evaluating the profiles of these groups is likely to facilitate earlier and more accurate diagnosis and intervention.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neuropsychology , Trinity Health , Minot , North Dakota.
authors.forename: Justin J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Boseck
authors.affiliation: b Department of Educational Psychology , Ball State University , Muncie , Indiana.
authors.forename: Andrew S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: b Department of Educational Psychology , Ball State University , Muncie , Indiana.
authors.forename: Jerrell C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cassady
authors.affiliation: b Department of Educational Psychology , Ball State University , Muncie , Indiana.
authors.forename: W Holmes
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Finch
authors.affiliation: c Department of Neuropsychology , Center for Neurobehavioral Services , Fort Wayne , Indiana.
authors.forename: Barbara C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Gelder
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000067290:Behavior Rating Scale; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D063647:Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D014888:Wechsler Scales
keywords: adaptive skills; attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; cognitive ability; fetal alcohol spectrum disorder; neuropsychological assessment