title: Interventional treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and third leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. The Barcelona clinic liver cancer classification is the current standard classification system for the clinical management of patients with HCC and suggests that patients with intermediate-stage HCC benefit from transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). Interventional treatments such as TACE, balloon-occluded TACE, drug-eluting bead embolization, radioembolization, and combined therapies including TACE and radiofrequency ablation, continue to evolve, resulting in improved patient prognosis. However, patients with advanced-stage HCC typically receive only chemotherapy with sorafenib, a multi-kinase inhibitor, or palliative and conservative therapy. Most patients receive palliative or conservative therapy only, and approximately 50% of patients with HCC are candidates for systemic therapy. However, these patients require therapy that is more effective than sorafenib or conservative treatment. Several researchers try to perform more effective therapies, such as combined therapies (TACE with radiotherapy and sorafenib with TACE), modified TACE for HCC with arterioportal or arteriohepatic vein shunts, TACE based on hepatic hemodynamics, and isolated hepatic perfusion. This review summarizes the published data and data on important ongoing studies concerning interventional treatments for unresectable HCC and discusses the technical improvements in these interventions, particularly for advanced-stage HCC.
authors.affiliation: Satoru Murata, Takahiko Mine, Fumie Sugihara, Daisuke Yasui, Hidenori Yamaguchi, Tatsuo Ueda, Shiro Onozawa, Shin-ichiro Kumita, Department of Radiology/Center for Advanced Medical Technology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.affiliation: Satoru Murata, Takahiko Mine, Fumie Sugihara, Daisuke Yasui, Hidenori Yamaguchi, Tatsuo Ueda, Shiro Onozawa, Shin-ichiro Kumita, Department of Radiology/Center for Advanced Medical Technology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mine
authors.affiliation: Satoru Murata, Takahiko Mine, Fumie Sugihara, Daisuke Yasui, Hidenori Yamaguchi, Tatsuo Ueda, Shiro Onozawa, Shin-ichiro Kumita, Department of Radiology/Center for Advanced Medical Technology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sugihara
authors.affiliation: Satoru Murata, Takahiko Mine, Fumie Sugihara, Daisuke Yasui, Hidenori Yamaguchi, Tatsuo Ueda, Shiro Onozawa, Shin-ichiro Kumita, Department of Radiology/Center for Advanced Medical Technology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.affiliation: Satoru Murata, Takahiko Mine, Fumie Sugihara, Daisuke Yasui, Hidenori Yamaguchi, Tatsuo Ueda, Shiro Onozawa, Shin-ichiro Kumita, Department of Radiology/Center for Advanced Medical Technology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Satoru Murata, Takahiko Mine, Fumie Sugihara, Daisuke Yasui, Hidenori Yamaguchi, Tatsuo Ueda, Shiro Onozawa, Shin-ichiro Kumita, Department of Radiology/Center for Advanced Medical Technology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.affiliation: Satoru Murata, Takahiko Mine, Fumie Sugihara, Daisuke Yasui, Hidenori Yamaguchi, Tatsuo Ueda, Shiro Onozawa, Shin-ichiro Kumita, Department of Radiology/Center for Advanced Medical Technology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan.
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Onozawa
authors.affiliation: Satoru Murata, Takahiko Mine, Fumie Sugihara, Daisuke Yasui, Hidenori Yamaguchi, Tatsuo Ueda, Shiro Onozawa, Shin-ichiro Kumita, Department of Radiology/Center for Advanced Medical Technology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin-ichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumita
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals
keywords: Advanced-stage; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Intermediate-stage; Interventional; Unresectable