title: [Acute kidney injury by glycerol: antioxidant effect of Vitis vinifera L].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is the most serious complication of rhabdomyolysis. In this syndrome, the delivery of heme pigment induces an injury that distinguishes itself by glomerular vasoconstriction and direct cellular toxicity with oxidative component. The renoprotection with antioxidants has demonstrated satisfactory effect. The proanthocyanidins are natural antioxidants found in the grape seed extract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effect of Vitis vinifera (grape seed extract) on the renal function of rats submitted to the injury by rhabdomyolysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar rats, male, adults, weight ranging from 250-300g were used. The AKI was induced by intramuscular administration of glycerol 50%. The animals were distributed in 4 groups: Saline group (6 mL/kg of NaCl 0.9% intraperitoneal once a day), Glycerol group (6 mL/kg) of intramuscular glycerol each femoral region received 3 mL/kg of glycerol, once a day), Vitis vinifera group (3 mg/kg/day v.o by 5 days) and Glycerol + Vitis vinifera by 5 days before glycerol).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Renal function (RF-creatinine clearance) and oxidative profile (urinary peroxides-FOX-2 and MDA-TBARS) were evaluted. The Glycerol group treated with Vitis vinifera has shown improvements in RF and reduction levels of lipid peroxidation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study have confirmed the antioxidant protection of Vitis vinifera in AKI induced by glycerol.
authors.forename: Elisabete Cristina de Oliveira
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Martim
authors.affiliation: Escola de Enfermagem, USP.
authors.forename: Carolina Ferreira
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: Escola de Enfermagem, USP.
authors.forename: Mirian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Enfermagem Médico Cirúrgica, Escola de Enfermagem, USP.
authors.forename: Maria de Fátima Fernandes
authors.initials: Mde F
authors.lastname: Vattimo