title: Effect of different analgesics on pain relief during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was  to compare  three drugs for pain relief during shock wave lithotripsy (SWL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy six male patients that were treated for renal stones with SWL were included in this study. They were randomized into four groups. A different treatment protocol was used for each group.  Intramuscular (IM) diclofenac 75mg was given in group 1 (n=20), dexketoprofen, 50mg, IM in group 2 (n=20) and hyoscine 10 mg plus paracetamol 500mg, orally in group 3 (n=20). In group 4 (control, n=16) saline solution   was given 30 min before SWL. Pain during SWL was assessed using the 10-score linear visual analogue pain scale (VAS) and was compared among groups. Age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), stone size, stone location, duration of SWL, total shock waves performed and mean energy level (kV) for each patient were recorded. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean patients' age was 45.4 ± 12.9 years. The highest VAS value was observed in Group 4 (8.4 ± 1), and the lowest  in Group 1 (6.25 ± 2.2).  Statistically significant  difference was noted  only when Group 1 and Group 4 were compared. The remaining groups provided similar results and there were no significant statistical differences according to VAS values. Other parameters were similar  in all groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, this study shows that reducing the pain with a single dose injection of intramuscular diclofenac sodium before SWL is superior compared to others.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Besevler, Turkey.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yesil
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Besevler, Turkey.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Polat
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Dişkapi, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Dişkapi, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dede
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Dişkapi, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ma
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imamoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Besevler, Turkey.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bozkirli
keywords: dexketoprofen; diclofenac sodium; hyoscine-N-butyl bromide plus paracetamol; shockwave lithotripsy