title: Control of several emissions during olive pomace thermal degradation.
abstract: Biomass plays an important role as an energy source, being an interesting alternative to fossil fuels due to its environment-friendly and sustainable characteristics. However, due to the exposure of customers to emissions during biomass heating, evolved pollutants should be taken into account and controlled. Changing raw materials or mixing them with another less pollutant biomass could be a suitable step to reduce pollution. This work studied the thermal behaviour of olive pomace, pyrenean oak and their blends under combustion using thermogravimetric analysis. It was possible to monitor the emissions released during the process by coupling mass spectrometry analysis. The experiments were carried out under non-isothermal conditions at the temperature range 25-750 °C and a heating rate of 20 °C·min⁻¹. The following species were analysed: aromatic compounds (benzene and toluene), sulphur emissions (sulphur dioxide), 1,4-dioxin, hydrochloric acid, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides. The results indicated that pollutants were mainly evolved in two different stages, which are related to the thermal degradation steps. Thus, depending on the pollutant and raw material composition, different emission profiles were observed. Furthermore, intensity of the emission profiles was related, in some cases, to the composition of the precursor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical, Energetic and Materials Engineering, Industrial Engineering School, University of Extremadura, Avda Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain. tmiranda@unex.es.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical, Energetic and Materials Engineering, Industrial Engineering School, University of Extremadura, Avda Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain. senogales@alumnos.unex.es.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nogales
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, Industrial Engineering School, University of Extremadura, Avda Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain. sroman@unex.es.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Román
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical, Energetic and Materials Engineering, Industrial Engineering School, University of Extremadura, Avda Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain. imontero@unex.es.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Montero
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical, Energetic and Materials Engineering, Industrial Engineering School, University of Extremadura, Avda Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain. jiarranz@unex.es.
authors.forename: José Ignacio
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Arranz
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical, Energetic and Materials Engineering, Industrial Engineering School, University of Extremadura, Avda Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain. fsepulveda@unex.es.
authors.forename: Francisco José
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Sepúlveda
mesh_terms: D001554:Benzene / Q000032:analysis; D018533:Biomass; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D004147:Dioxins / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000032:analysis* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000032:analysis; D031658:Olea / Q000737:chemistry*; D029963:Quercus / Q000737:chemistry*; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D014050:Toluene / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004147:Dioxins; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; C038902:1,4-dioxin; D014050:Toluene; D001554:Benzene