title: Anti-doping analyses at the Sochi Olympic and Paralympic Games 2014.
abstract: The laboratory anti-doping services during XXII Winter Olympic and XI Paralympic games in Sochi in 2014 were provided by a satellite laboratory facility located within the strictly secured Olympic Park. This laboratory, established and operated by the personnel of Antidoping Center, Moscow, has been authorized by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) to conduct doping control analyses. The 4-floor building accommodated the most advanced analytical instrumentation and became a place of attraction for more than 50 Russian specialists and 25 foreign experts, including independent observers. In total, 2134 urine and 479 blood samples were delivered to the laboratory and analyzed during the Olympic Games (OG), and 403 urine and 108 blood samples - during the Paralympic Games (PG). The number of erythropoietin tests requested in urine was 946 and 166 at the OG and PG, respectively. Though included in the test distribution plan, a growth hormone analysis was cancelled by the Organizing Committee just before the Games. Several adverse analytical findings have been reported including pseudoephedrine (1 case), methylhexaneamine (4 cases), trimetazidine (1 case), dehydrochloromethyltestosterone (1 case), clostebol (1 case), and a designer stimulant N-ethyl-1-phenylbutan-2-amine (1 case).
authors.affiliation: Moscow Antidoping Centre, 105005 Moscow, Elizavetinsky per. 10, Russia.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sobolevsky
authors.forename: Grigory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Krotov
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dikunets
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nikitina
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mochalova
authors.forename: Grigory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rodchenkov
mesh_terms: D056352:Athletes; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004300:Doping in Sports / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000032:analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007328:Insulin / Q000032:analysis; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D058573:Performance-Enhancing Substances / Q000032:analysis*; D012015:Reference Standards; D013177:Sports
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D007328:Insulin; D058573:Performance-Enhancing Substances; D004921:Erythropoietin; D019382:Human Growth Hormone
keywords: Olympic Games; Paralympic Games; anti-doping analysis; major event