title: Postprandial effects on plasma lipids and satiety hormones from intake of liposomes made from fractionated oat oil: two randomized crossover studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The composition and surface structure of dietary lipids influence their intestinal degradation. Intake of liposomes made of fractionated oat oil (LOO) is suggested to affect the digestion process and postprandial lipemia and also induce satiety.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In the present study, the metabolic effects on plasma lipids and gut hormones related to satiety were investigated in healthy individuals after intake of LOO, with dairy lipids as placebo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two blinded randomized studies with crossover design were performed. In the first study, 19 subjects consumed 35 g lipids from LOO or yoghurt in a breakfast meal. In a follow-up study, 15 women consumed 14 or 1.8 g lipids from LOO mixed in yoghurt. Blood samples were analyzed for plasma lipids, insulin, glucose, and intestinal hormones CCK, PYY, GLP-1, and GLP-2 before and four times after the meal. Subjective analysis of satiety was measured using a visual analog scale questionnaire. Participants recorded their food intake during the rest of the day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intake of 35 and 14 g lipids from LOO significantly increased plasma concentrations of CCK, GLP-1, GLP-2, and PYY postprandially. This coincided with a prolonged elevation of triglycerides and large cholesterol-containing particles. Non-esterified fatty acids decreased after intake of 14 and 1.8 g lipids from LOO. The subjective sensation of satiety in women was increased 7 h after intake of 35 g lipids from LOO without any difference in food intake. Our results indicate that intake of 14 g lipids from LOO at breakfast substantially reduced energy intake during the rest of the day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that intake of LOO prolong lipid digestion, affect postprandial plasma lipids and have an effect on satiety. The effect of LOO on GLP-2 indicates that intake of LOO also improve gut health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science, Section of Medicine, University of Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ohlsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science, Section of Medicine, University of Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosenquist
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jens F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Rehfeld
authors.affiliation: Härröd Research, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Härröd
keywords: gut health; intestinal hormones; liposomes; polar lipids; postprandial lipemia; satiety