title: Bacterial biosynthesis of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-caboxylate (ACC) deaminase, a useful trait to elongation and endophytic colonization of the roots of rice under constant flooded conditions.
abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the role of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase in Pseudomonas fluorescens strain REN1 and its ability to reduce ethylene levels produced during stress, endophytically colonize and promote the elongation of the roots of rice seedlings under gnotobiotic conditions. We isolated 80 bacteria from inside roots of rice plants grown in the farmers' fields in Guilan, Iran. All of the isolates were characterized for plant growth promoting (PGP) traits. In addition, the colonization assay of these isolates on rice seedlings was carried out to screen for competent endophytes. The best bacterial isolate, based on ACC deaminase production, was identified and used for further study. 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed that the endophyte was closely related to Pseudomonas fluorescens. The results of this study showed ACC deaminase containing P. fluorescens REN1 increased in vitro root elongation and endophytically colonized the root of rice seedlings significantly, as compared to control under constant flooded conditions. The trait of low amount of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production (<15 μg mL(-1)) and the high production of ACC deaminase by bacteria may be main factors in colonizing rice seedling roots compared to other PGP traits (siderophore production and phosphate solubilization) in this study. Endophytic IAA and ACC deaminase-producing bacteria may be preferential selections by rice seedlings. Therefore, it may be suggested that the utilization of ACC as a nutrient gives the isolates advantages in more endophytic colonization and increase of root length of rice seedlings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Etesami
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mirseyed Hosseini
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein Ali
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Alikhani
keywords: ACC deaminase; Colonization; Endophyte; Ethylene; Plant–bacteria interaction; Rice