title: Cytotoxic and antioxidant properties of active principals isolated from water hyacinth against four cancer cells lines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) solms is an invasive macrophyte causing serious problems to the network of irrigation and drainage canals in the Nile Delta region. The present study aim to evaluate the potential anticancer and antioxidant activities of Eichhornia crassipes crude extract and its pure compounds.
  
  
  METHODS
  The macrophyte was collected from El-Zomor canal, River Nile (Egypt), cleaned, air dried, grinded then extracted with methanol (crude extract). The extract was fractionated using pre-coated silica gel plates (TLC F254) with hexane/ethyl acetate (8.5: 1.5 v/v) as mobile phase. Nine fractions were separated (A-I) then scratched, eluted with the same mobile phase, filtered and the separated fractions were determined and identified using spectroscopic methods (Mass spectrum (MS), Infra red (IR) and Proton H-Nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR). Both the crude extract and its nine identified compounds were tested for their antioxidant (using 2, 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2'- azino-bis {ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS.)} methods) and anticancer activity (using MCF-7, HeLa, Hep.G2 and EACC cell lines).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The antioxidant and anticancer activities of the crude extract exhibited the highest effect while the compounds showed variable effects which depend on the type of compound and cancer cell line. The antioxidant activity of the crude extract exhibited the highest followed in descending order by compounds D, E, G and H respectively. Concerning the anticancer potency, the crude extract showed also the highest effect while the identified compounds (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and I) showed variable anticancer activities against the four different cell lines. In addition, Compound I exhibited the most potent anticancer activity against HepG2 cell line while compound D exhibited high anticancer activity against HeLa cells and EACC. The results revealed the presence of different compounds (Alkaloids and terpenoids) with variable antioxidant and anticancer activities which elicited an auto-augmentation in the crude extract leading to its greatest activities. The action of the identified anticancer compounds on DNA fragmentation was studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study illustrated the potential of Eichhornia as a valuable resource for natural compounds of desirable medicinal properties (e.g. antioxidants and anticancer).
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Aboul-Enein
authors.forename: Sanaa M M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Shanab
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt. dremad2009@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Emad A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Shalaby
authors.forename: Malak M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Zahran
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lightfoot
authors.forename: Hany A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: El-Shemy
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031806:Eichhornia / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003603:Cytotoxins; D010936:Plant Extracts