title: Correlations between major risk factors and closely related Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates grouped by three current genotyping procedures: a population-based study in northeast Mexico.
abstract: The characteristics of tuberculosis (TB) patients related to a chain of recent TB transmissions were investigated. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates (120) were genotyped using the restriction fragment length polymorphism-IS6110 (R), spacer oligotyping (S) and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number of tandem repeats (M) methods. The MTB isolates were clustered and the clusters were grouped according to the similarities of their genotypes. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients between the groups of MTB isolates with similar genotypes and those patient characteristics indicating a risk for a pulmonary TB (PTB) chain transmission were ana- lysed. The isolates showing similar genotypes were distributed as follows: SMR (5%), SM (12.5%), SR (1.67%), MR (0%), S (46.67%), M (5%) and R (0%). The remaining 35 cases were orphans. SMR exhibited a significant correlation (p < 0.05) with visits to clinics, municipalities and comorbidities (primarily diabetes mellitus). S correlated with drug consumption and M with comorbidities. SMR is needed to identify a social network in metropolitan areas for PTB transmission and S and M are able to detect risk factors as secondary components of a transmission chain of TB.
authors.affiliation: División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Zacatecas, ZC, México.
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Peñuelas-Urquides
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecula, Hospital Universitario, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, México.
authors.forename: Herminia Guadalupe
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Martínez-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Médica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Zacatecas, ZC, México.
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Enciso-Moreno
authors.affiliation: División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Zacatecas, ZC, México.
authors.forename: Gloria María
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Molina-Salinas
authors.affiliation: División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Zacatecas, ZC, México.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Silva-Ramírez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecula, Hospital Universitario, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, México.
authors.forename: Gerardo Raymundo
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Padilla-Rivas
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, México.
authors.forename: Lucio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vera-Cabrera
authors.affiliation: División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Zacatecas, ZC, México.
authors.forename: Víctor Manuel
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Torres-de-la-Cruz
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecula, Hospital Universitario, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, México.
authors.forename: Yazmin Berenice
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Martínez-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecula, Hospital Universitario, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, México.
authors.forename: Jorge Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ortega-García
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecula, Hospital Universitario, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, México.
authors.forename: Elsa Nancy
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Garza-Treviño
authors.affiliation: División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Zacatecas, ZC, México.
authors.forename: Leonor
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Enciso-Moreno
authors.affiliation: División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Zacatecas, ZC, México.
authors.forename: Odila
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Saucedo-Cárdenas
authors.affiliation: División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Zacatecas, ZC, México.
authors.forename: Pola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Becerril-Montes
authors.affiliation: División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Zacatecas, ZC, México.
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Said-Fernández
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002947:Cities; D015897:Comorbidity; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D060005:Genotyping Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D020071:Interspersed Repetitive Sequences / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology / Q000379:methods; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D066252:Sociological Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D020080:Tandem Repeat Sequences / Q000235:genetics; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial