title: Official Japanese Version of the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale: validation against the original English version.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Movement Disorder Society (MDS)-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease (PD) Rating Scale (UPDRS) (MDS-UPDRS) has been developed and is now available in English. Part of the overall program includes the establishment of official non-English translations of the MDS-UPDRS. We present the process for completing the official Japanese translation of the MDS-UPDRS with clinimetric testing results.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this trial, the MDS-UPDRS was translated into Japanese, underwent cognitive pre-testing, and the translation was modified after taking the results into account. The final translation was approved as Official Working Draft of the MDS-UPDRS Japanese version and tested in 365 native-Japanese-speaking patients with PD. Confirmatory analyses were used to determine whether the factor structure for the English-language MDS-UPDRS could be confirmed in data collected using the Official Working Draft of the Japanese translation. As a secondary analysis, we used exploratory factor analyses to examine the underlying factor structure without the constraint of a pre-specified factor organization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that Comparative Fit Index for all Parts of the MDS-UPDRS exceeded the minimal standard of 0.90 relative to the English version and therefore Japanese translation met the pre-specified criterion to be designated called an OFFICIAL MDS TRANSLATION. Secondary analyses revealed some differences between the English-language MDS-UPDRS and the Japanese translation, however, these differences were considered to be within an acceptable range.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Japanese version of the MDS-UPDRS met the criterion as an Official MDS Translation and is now available for use (www.movementdisorders.org).
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Okayama Kyokuto Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kashihara
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan ; Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation Hananosya Hospital, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroregenerative Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshikuni
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical Center, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.affiliation: Kyoto Shijo Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Sadako
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuno
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, National Sagamihara Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobutaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorder Center, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Clinical Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nomoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Nishitaga Hospital, Miyagi, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University Medical School, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuboi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ugawa
authors.affiliation: Takamatsu Neurology Clinic, Takamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsutoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamanmoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Fusako
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yokochi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumihito
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yoshii
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL, USA.
authors.forename: Glenn T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Stebbins
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Barbara C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Tilley
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Nancy R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: LaPelle
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Goetz
keywords: MDS-UPDRS; Parkinson’s disease; Rating scale; UPDRS; validation