title: The protective effect of fasudil pretreatment combined with ischemia postconditioning on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ischemic postconditioning (IPO) and pharmacological pretreatment may reduce myocardial necrosis and apoptosis during ischemia/reperfusion. This study aimed to determine the protective effect of fasudil pretreatment combined with IPO on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats and explore the possible mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  The SD rats were induced by intraperitoneal injection of fasudil hydrochloride (1 or 10 mg/kg) 60 min before the initiation of ischemia, while the control rats were given the same volume of saline. The hearts were hung on the Langendorff perfusion apparatus and underwent 30 min global ischemia and 120 min reperfusion. The IPO protocol was induced by six cycles of 10 sec ischemia and 10 sec reperfusion at the onset of reperfusion. The hemodynamic changes were measured, myocardial infarct size was determined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was analyzed from coronary effluents, phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS, as well as expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were measured by western blotting analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The high-dose fasudil (10 mg/kg) pretreatment group and IPO group significantly improved post-ischemia cardiac function, reduced myocardial infarct size, attenuated cardiomyocyte apoptosis, decreased the release of LDH, increased expression of phospho-Akt, phospho-eNOS and Bcl-2, and reduced expression of Bax compared with the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, the high-dose fasudil pretreatment combined with IPO group could further improved post-ischemia cardiac function, reduced myocardial infarct size, attenuated cardiomyocyte apoptosis, decreased the release of LDH, increased expression of phospho-Akt, phospho-eNOS and Bcl-2, and reduced expression of Bax compared with the single treatment groups (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of high-dose fasudil pretreatment and IPO had a synergistic protective effect on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, which was mediated via upregulating the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway, increasing expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2, and decreasing expression of proapoptotic Bax.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China. jdl2001@263.net.
authors.forename: W-N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: W-Q
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.forename: Y-E
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: D-L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Jia
mesh_terms: D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000818:Animals; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D057775:Ischemic Postconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; C049347:fasudil