title: Aqueous extract of Rosmarinus officinalis L. inhibits neutrophil influx and cytokine secretion.
abstract: Rosmarinus officinalis L. phenolic compounds have attracted considerable attention because of their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, including its ability to treat inflammatory disorders. In this work, we investigated the in vivo and in vitro effects of R. officinalis aqueous extract on neutrophil trafficking from the blood into an inflamed tissue, on cell-derived secretion of chemical mediators, and on oxidative stress. Anti-inflammatory activity was investigated using carrageenan-induced inflammation in the subcutaneous tissue of male Wistar rats orally treated with the R. officinalis extract (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg). The leukocyte influx (optical microscopy), secretion of chemical mediators (prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), TNF-α, interleukin 6 (IL-6), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), and the anti-oxidative profile (super oxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) spectrophotometry) were quantified in the inflamed exudate. N-Formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine-induced chemotaxis, lipopolysaccharide-induced NO2 (-) production (Greiss reaction), and adhesion molecule expression (flow cytometry) were in vitro quantified using oyster glycogen recruited peritoneal neutrophils previous treated with the extract (1, 10, or 100 µg/mL). Animals orally treated with phosphate-buffered saline and neutrophils incubated with Hank's balanced salt solution were used as control. R. officinalis extract oral treatment caused a dose-dependent reduction in the neutrophil migration as well as decreased SOD, TBARS, LTB4, PGE2, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in the inflamed exudate. In vitro treatment with R. officinalis decreased neutrophil chemotaxis, NO2 (-) production, and shedding of L-selectin and β2 integrin expressions. Results here presented show that R. officinalis aqueous extract displays important in vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory actions by blocking pathways of neutrophil migration and secretion, suggesting its therapeutic application to acute inflammatory reactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl 14, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Mara de Oliveira E
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Isabel Daufenback
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: José Roberto
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Santin
authors.forename: Illana Louise Pereira
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: de Melo
authors.forename: Gabriela Vieira
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Pedrosa
authors.forename: Maria Ines
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Genovese
authors.forename: Sandra Helena Poliselli
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Farsky
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mancini-Filho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018821:CD18 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000187:drug effects*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D019041:L-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism; D007975:Leukotriene B4 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D027542:Rosmarinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018821:CD18 Antigens; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019041:L-Selectin; D007975:Leukotriene B4; D015232:Dinoprostone
keywords: R. officinalis; air pouch; chemotaxis; neutrophils