title: Crash and Burn: Ocular Injuries due to Fireworks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the patterns of ocular injury and to determine ocular morbidity resulting from the use of firecrackers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective observational study of all patients presenting with ocular trauma consequent to fireworks usage in a tertiary eye care center in South India over a one-month period around the autumn festival of Diwali. We also reviewed the published literature from around the world reporting ocular injuries due to firecrackers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  49 patients were included in the study, out of which the vast majority (40/81%) were males. The mean age was 17 years. Almost an equal number of bystanders (24/48.9%) was affected as compared to people handling the fireworks (25/51%). 13 (26.53%) patients had open-globe injury whereas 33 (67.34%) patients had closed-globe injury. Twenty-two (44.8%) patients underwent surgical intervention. Eighteen (36.7%) patients had final vision less then 20/40 (range = 20/50 to No Perception of Light) with eight patients having no perception of light in the affected eye.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unregulated use of firecrackers can lead to significant ocular morbidity, mainly involving children, young males, and even innocent bystanders. A combination of public awareness and appropriate legislative laws should be formulated regarding the use of fireworks to decrease the load of needless blindness on society.
authors.affiliation: a Orbit, Oculoplasty, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Services, Sankara Nethralaya , Chennai , India , and.
authors.forename: Ravija
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: b Orbit, Oculoplasty, Trauma, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, A Unit of Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya , Chennai , India.
authors.forename: Bipasha
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001753:Blast Injuries / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005126:Eye Burns / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006693:Holidays; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Blindness; Diwali; burns; firecracker; open-globe injury