title: Caffeic acid reduces the viability and migration rate of oral carcinoma cells (SCC-25) exposed to low concentrations of ethanol.
abstract: Alcohol increases the risk of carcinoma originated from oral epithelium, but the biological effects of ultra-low doses of ethanol on existing carcinoma cells in combination with natural substances are still unclear. A role for ethanol (EtOH), taken in small amounts as an ingredient of some beverages or mouthwashes to change the growth behavior of established squamous cell carcinoma, has still not been examined sufficiently. We designed an in vitro study to determine the effect of caffeic acid (CFA) on viability and migration ability of malignant oral epithelial keratinocytes, exposed to ultra-low concentrations (maximum 100 mmol/L) EtOH. MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-dimethyltetrazolium bromide) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) assays were used to assess the cytotoxic effect of EtOH/CFA and the viability of squamous carcinoma SCC-25 cells (ATCC CRL-1628, mobile part of the tongue). Tested EtOH concentrations were: 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mmol/L, along with an equal CFA concentration of 50 μmol/L. Carcinoma cells' migration was investigated by monolayer "wound" healing assay. We demonstrated that very low concentrations of EtOH ranging between 2.5 and 10 mmol/L may induce the viability of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, while the results following addition of CFA reveal an antagonistic effect, attenuating pro-proliferative EtOH activity. The migration rate of oral squamous carcinoma cells can be significantly inhibited by the biological activity of caffeic acid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland. adziedzic@sum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Arkadiusz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dziedzic
authors.affiliation: Department and Institute of Pathology, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland. rkubina@sum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kubina
authors.affiliation: Department and Institute of Pathology, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland. adzik@sum.edu.p.
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kabała-Dzik
authors.affiliation: Department and Institute of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland. rwojtyczka@sum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Wojtyczka
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland. tmorawiec@sum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Tadeusz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morawiec
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland. rbuldak@sum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Rafał J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bułdak
mesh_terms: D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D002109:Caffeic Acids; D000431:Ethanol; C040048:caffeic acid