title: Avian influenza virus (H11N9) in migratory shorebirds wintering in the Amazon Region, Brazil.
abstract: Aquatic birds are the natural reservoir for avian influenza viruses (AIV). Habitats in Brazil provide stopover and wintering sites for water birds that migrate between North and South America. The current study was conducted to elucidate the possibility of the transport of influenza A viruses by birds that migrate annually between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. In total, 556 orotracheal/cloacal swab samples were collected for influenza A virus screening using real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR). The influenza A virus-positive samples were subjected to viral isolation. Four samples were positive for the influenza A matrix gene by rRT-PCR. From these samples, three viruses were isolated, sequenced and characterized. All positive samples originated from a single bird species, the ruddy turnstone (Arenaria interpres), that was caught in the Amazon region at Caeté Bay, Northeast Pará, at Ilha de Canelas. To our knowledge, this is the first isolation of H11N9 in the ruddy turnstone in South America.
authors.affiliation: BSL3+ Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular do Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB-II), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jansen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Araujo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil.
authors.forename: Severino M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: de Azevedo
authors.affiliation: CIRAD-ES, UR AGIRS, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gaidet
authors.affiliation: BSL3+ Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular do Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB-II), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Hurtado
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.affiliation: BSL3+ Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular do Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB-II), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciano M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Thomazelli
authors.affiliation: BSL3+ Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular do Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB-II), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ometto
authors.affiliation: BSL3+ Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular do Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB-II), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marina M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Seixas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Agência de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado do Pará- ADEPARA, Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniele B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Galindo
authors.affiliation: SFA-PA- Superintendência Federal de Agricultura no estado do Pará. Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA), Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana C S
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Agência de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado do Pará- ADEPARA, Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Arlinéa M M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Agência de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado do Pará- ADEPARA, Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Bomfim
authors.affiliation: SFA-PA- Superintendência Federal de Agricultura no estado do Pará. Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA), Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.affiliation: Biologia Animal da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Larrazábal
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas da Terra e do Mar, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Joaquim O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Branco
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação das Aves Silvestres (CEMAVE), Cabedelo, Paraíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Serafini
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação das Aves Silvestres (CEMAVE), Cabedelo, Paraíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Isaac S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Neto
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Franks
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America.
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Webby
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America.
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.affiliation: BSL3+ Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular do Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB-II), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edison L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Durigon
mesh_terms: D025041:Animal Migration; D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D046091:Charadriiformes / Q000821:virology*; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012621:Seasons; D061350:Sympatry