title: Decreased survival of glioma patients with astrocytoma grade IV (glioblastoma multiforme) associated with long-term use of mobile and cordless phones.
abstract: On 31 May 2011 the WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) categorised radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) from mobile phones, and from other devices that emit similar non-ionising electromagnetic fields, as a Group 2B, i.e., a "possible", human carcinogen. A causal association would be strengthened if it could be shown that the use of wireless phones has an impact on the survival of glioma patients. We analysed survival of 1678 glioma patients in our 1997-2003 and 2007-2009 case-control studies. Use of wireless phones in the >20 years latency group (time since first use) yielded an increased hazard ratio (HR) = 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.2-2.3 for glioma. For astrocytoma grade IV (glioblastoma multiforme; n = 926) mobile phone use yielded HR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.4-2.9 and cordless phone use HR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.04-11 in the same latency category. The hazard ratio for astrocytoma grade IV increased statistically significant per year of latency for wireless phones, HR = 1.020, 95% CI = 1.007-1.033, but not per 100 h cumulative use, HR = 1.002, 95% CI = 0.999-1.005. HR was not statistically significant increased for other types of glioma. Due to the relationship with survival the classification of IARC is strengthened and RF-EMF should be regarded as human carcinogen requiring urgent revision of current exposure guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, University Hospital, Örebro SE-701 85, Sweden. michael.carlberg@orebroll.se.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carlberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, University Hospital, Örebro SE-701 85, Sweden. lennart.hardell@orebroll.se.
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hardell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000401:mortality; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D040421:Cell Phone / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000401:mortality; D005910:Glioma / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013534:Survival; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors