title: Quantitative EEG and Current Source Density Analysis of Combined Antiepileptic Drugs and Dopaminergic Agents in Genetic Epilepsy: Two Case Studies.
abstract: Two adolescent females with absence epilepsy were classified, one as attention deficit and the other as bipolar disorder. Physical and cognitive exams identified hypotension, bradycardia, and cognitive dysfunction. Their initial electroencephalograms (EEGs) were considered slightly slow, but within normal limits. Quantitative EEG (QEEG) data included relative theta excess and low alpha mean frequencies. A combined treatment of antiepileptic drugs with a catecholamine agonist/reuptake inhibitor was sequentially used. Both patients' physical and cognitive functions improved and they have remained seizure free. The clinical outcomes were correlated with statistically significant changes in QEEG measures toward normal Z-scores in both anterior and posterior regions. In addition, low resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) Z-scored source correlation analyses of the initial and treated QEEG data showed normalized patterns, supporting a neuroanatomic resolution. This study presents preliminary evidence for a neurophysiologic approach to patients with absence epilepsy and comorbid disorders and may provide a method for further research.
authors.affiliation: Emory Neurophysiology Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Hamlin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Emory
authors.affiliation: Emory Neurophysiology Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.affiliation: Emory Neurophysiology Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA research@dremory.com.
authors.forename: Neptune
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mizrahi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000379:methods; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000379:methods; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D015259:Dopamine Agents
keywords: AEDs; GE; LORETA; antiepileptic drugs; catecholamine upregulator; current source density; electroencephalography; genetic epilepsy; low alpha mean frequency; quantitative EEG; relative theta excess