title: Two Streptomyces species producing antibiotic, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory compounds are widespread among intertidal macroalgae and deep-sea coral reef invertebrates from the central Cantabrian Sea.
abstract: Streptomycetes are widely distributed in the marine environment, although only a few studies on their associations to algae and coral ecosystems have been reported. Using a culture-dependent approach, we have isolated antibiotic-active Streptomyces species associated to diverse intertidal marine macroalgae (Phyllum Heterokontophyta, Rhodophyta, and Chlorophyta), from the central Cantabrian Sea. Two strains, with diverse antibiotic and cytotoxic activities, were found to inhabit these coastal environments, being widespread and persistent over a 3-year observation time frame. Based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis, the strains were identified as Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus M-27 and Streptomyces carnosus M-40. Similar isolates to these two strains were also associated to corals and other invertebrates from deep-sea coral reef ecosystem (Phyllum Cnidaria, Echinodermata, Arthropoda, Sipuncula, and Anelida) living up to 4.700-m depth in the submarine Avilés Canyon, thus revealing their barotolerant feature. These two strains were also found to colonize terrestrial lichens and have been repeatedly isolated from precipitations from tropospheric clouds. Compounds with antibiotic and cytotoxic activities produced by these strains were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and database comparison. Antitumor compounds with antibacterial activities and members of the anthracycline family (daunomycin, cosmomycin B, galtamycin B), antifungals (maltophilins), anti-inflamatory molecules also with antituberculosis properties (lobophorins) were identified in this work. Many other compounds produced by the studied strains still remain unidentified, suggesting that Streptomyces associated to algae and coral ecosystems might represent an underexplored promising source for pharmaceutical drug discovery.
authors.forename: Alfredo F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Braña
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias. Universidad de Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
authors.forename: Afredo F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Braña
authors.forename: Hans-Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Fiedler
authors.forename: Herminio
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nava
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Aida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarmiento-Vizcaíno
authors.forename: Axayacatl
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Acuña
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Blanco
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001267:Atlantic Ocean; D065132:Bioprospecting; D057894:Coral Reefs; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007448:Invertebrates / Q000382:microbiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012624:Seaweed / Q000382:microbiology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013030:Spain; D013302:Streptomyces / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D013559:Symbiosis
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S