title: Assessment of oral mucosal lesions among psychiatric inmates residing in central jail, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India: A cross-sectional survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the current cross-sectional study was to assess oral mucosal lesions among psychiatric jail patients residing in central jail, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study subjects consisted of prediagnosed psychiatric patients residing in central jail, Bhopal. A matched control consisting of cross section of the population, that is, jail inmates residing in the same central jail locality was also examined to compare the psychiatric subjects. The WHO oral health assessment proforma, 1997 along with 18-item questionnaire was used for the oral health examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total number of subjects examined were 244, which comprised of 122 psychiatric inmates and 122 nonpsychiatric inmates. Among all psychiatric inmates, about 57.4% of inmates had a diagnosis of depression, 14.8% had psychotic disorders (like schizophrenia), and 12.3% had anxiety disorder. A total of 77% study inmates, which comprised of 87.7% psychiatrics and 66.4% nonpsychiatrics had a habit of tobacco consumption (smokeless or smoking). Overall prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among the inmates was 85 (34.8%), which comprised of 39.3% psychiatric inmates and 30.3% nonpsychiatric inmates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The information presented in this study adds to our understanding of the common oral mucosal lesions occurring in a psychiatric inmate population. Leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis were the most common types of oral mucosal lesions found. Efforts to increase patient awareness of the oral effects of tobacco use and to eliminate the habit are needed to improve oral and general health of the prison population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Dentistry, People's Dental Academy, People's University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Torwane Nilesh
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Arjun
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Dentistry, People's Dental Academy, People's University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Hongal
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sudhir
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Sahu
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Dentistry, People's Dental Academy, People's University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Vrinda
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Dentistry, People's Dental Academy, People's University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Eshani
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Dentistry, People's Dental Academy, People's University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Shubham
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
keywords: Dental diseases; jail inmates; oral mucosal lesions; psychiatric illness; psychiatrics