title: Protein acetylation and acetyl coenzyme a metabolism in budding yeast.
abstract: Cells sense and appropriately respond to the physical conditions and availability of nutrients in their environment. This sensing of the environment and consequent cellular responses are orchestrated by a multitude of signaling pathways and typically involve changes in transcription and metabolism. Recent discoveries suggest that the signaling and transcription machineries are regulated by signals which are derived from metabolism and reflect the metabolic state of the cell. Acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) is a key metabolite that links metabolism with signaling, chromatin structure, and transcription. Acetyl-CoA is produced by glycolysis as well as other catabolic pathways and used as a substrate for the citric acid cycle and as a precursor in synthesis of fatty acids and steroids and in other anabolic pathways. This central position in metabolism endows acetyl-CoA with an important regulatory role. Acetyl-CoA serves as a substrate for lysine acetyltransferases (KATs), which catalyze the transfer of acetyl groups to the epsilon-amino groups of lysines in histones and many other proteins. Fluctuations in the concentration of acetyl-CoA, reflecting the metabolic state of the cell, are translated into dynamic protein acetylations that regulate a variety of cell functions, including transcription, replication, DNA repair, cell cycle progression, and aging. This review highlights the synthesis and homeostasis of acetyl-CoA and the regulation of transcriptional and signaling machineries in yeast by acetylation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Galdieri
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Tiantian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Daniella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rogerson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Rron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lleshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, USA vancuraa@stjohns.edu.
authors.forename: Ales
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vancura
mesh_terms: D000105:Acetyl Coenzyme A / Q000378:metabolism*; D000107:Acetylation; D000818:Animals; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D000105:Acetyl Coenzyme A