title: Risk factors for breast cancer in Iranian women: a hospital-based case-control study in tabriz, iran.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide and the leading cause of cancer death among women. In Asian countries such as Iran, the incidence of breast cancer is increasing. The present study aimed to assess the risk factors for breast cancer of women in Tabriz, Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  A hospital-based case-control study was undertaken to identify breast cancer risk factors. The study consisted of 140 cases confirmed via histopathological analysis and 280 group-matched controls without any malignancy. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods via the SPSS software version 18.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a multivariate analysis, educational level (odds ratio [OR], 4.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.11-10.83), menopausal status (OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.41-4.59), a high-fat diet (OR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.51-5.04), abortion (OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.20-3.79), passive smoking (OR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.51-5.04), oral contraceptive use (OR, 3.18; 95% CI, 1.80-5.59), stress (OR, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.74-5.36), and migration (OR, 3.09; 95% CI, 1.39-6.90) were factors associated with a significantly increased risk of breast cancer. Breastfeeding (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.16-0.97) and a diet containing sufficient fruit and vegetables (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.12-0.39) had protective roles against breast cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study revealed that the risk factors for breast cancer among women in the Tabriz area of Iran are related to the lifestyle. Therefore, the provision of education to change unhealthy lifestyle choices and periodic check-ups for early breast cancer detection are recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosseinzadeh
authors.affiliation: Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Jamal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eivazi Ziaei
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Maragheh University of Medical Science, Maragheh, Iran.
authors.forename: Nader
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mahdavi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Tabriz Medical University, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Parvaneh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aghajari
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Tabriz Medical University, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vahidi
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Alaviehe
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fateh
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Tabriz Medical University, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Elnaz
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Asghari
keywords: Breast neoplasms; Case-control studies; Iran; Risk factors