title: Incidence of and risk factors for bile duct stones after living donor liver transplantation: An analysis of 100 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although bile duct stone (BDS) is one of the biliary complications of liver transplantation, analytical studies, particularly on living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) cases, are rare. This study aimed to clarify the incidence of and risk factors for BDS following LDLT.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 100 patients who underwent LDLT at our institute from August 2000 to May 2012, and analyzed their clinical characteristics and risk factors for BDS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of these, 10 patients (10.0%) developed BDS during the observation period. The median follow-up period to BDS diagnosis was 45.5 months (range, 5-84) after LDLT. Univariate analysis revealed male sex, right lobe graft and bile duct strictures as factors that significantly correlated with BDS formation. Multivariate analysis revealed bile duct strictures (odds ratio, 7.17; P = 0.011) and right lobe graft (odds ratio, 10.20; P = 0.040) to be independent risk factors for BDS formation. One patient with BDS and biliary strictures succumbed to sepsis from cholangitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the present study, right lobe graft and bile duct strictures are independent risk factors for BDS formation after LDLT. More careful observation and monitoring are required in the patients with high-risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Takemasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Senoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Naota
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Taura
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisamitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyaaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miuma
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuhisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takatsuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hidaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakao
keywords: bile duct stone; complication; living donor liver transplantation; male sex; right lobe graft