title: Lifetime smoking habits among Norwegian men and women born between 1890 and 1994: a cohort analysis using cross-sectional data.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Providing lifetime smoking prevalence data and gender-specific cigarette consumption data for use in epidemiological studies of tobacco-induced cancer in Norway. Characterising smoking patterns in birth cohorts is essential for evaluating the impact of tobacco control interventions and predicting smoking-related mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Norway.
  
  
  METHODS
  Previously analysed annual surveys of smoking habits from 1954 to 1992, and individual lifetime smoking histories collected in 1965 from a sample of people born in 1893-1927, were supplemented with new annual surveys of smoking habits from 1993 to 2013. Age range 15-74 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Current smoking proportions in 5-year gender-and-birth cohorts of people born between 1890 and 1994.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of smokers increased in male cohorts until the 1950s, when the highest proportion of male smokers (76-78%) was observed among those born in 1915-1934. Among women, the peak (52%) occurred 20 years later, in women born in 1940-1949. After 1970 smoking has declined in all cohorts of men and women. In the 1890-1894 cohorts, male smoking prevalence was several times higher than female, but the gap declined until no gender difference was present among those born after 1950. Gender-specific per capita consumption was even more skewed, and men have consumed over 70% of all cigarettes since 1930. The incidence of lung cancer for men peaked at around 2000, with the highest incidence rate estimated at ca. 38%. The incidence of lung cancer for women is still increasing, and estimated incidence rate for 2011 was 25.2%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In an epidemiological perspective, men have had a longer and more intense exposure to cigarettes than women. The gender-specific incidence of lung cancer reflects the gender difference in consumption over time.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Institute for Alcohol and Drug Research (SIRUS), Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Ingeborg
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Institute for Alcohol and Drug Research (SIRUS), Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Karl Erik
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Lund
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000639:trends; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: EPIDEMIOLOGY; PUBLIC HEALTH; smoking