title: Protective effect of linalool against lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine-induced liver injury in mice.
abstract: Linalool, a natural compound of the essential oils, has been shown to have antinociceptive, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of linalool against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (GalN)-induced liver injury in mice. Mice were administered with linalool 1h before receiving LPS (50 μg/kg) and GalN (800 mg/kg). The results demonstrated that linalool had a protective effect on LPS/GalN-induced acute liver injury, as evidenced by the attenuation of hepatic pathological damage, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, MPO activity and serum ALT and AST levels. Linalool alleviated serum and hepatic TNF-α and IL-6 production, as well as hepatic iNOS and COX-2 expression by inhibiting NF-κB activation. Treatment of linalool increased bcl-2 expression and inhibited caspase-3 and caspase-8 expression. In addition, linalool increased Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 expression up-regulation by LPS/GalN. In conclusion, our results suggested that linalool was protected against LPS/GalN-induced liver injury through induction of antioxidant defense via Nrf2 activating and reduction inflammatory response via NF-κB inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China.
authors.forename: Jingyuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China. Electronic address: huanghaiyinglb@163.com.
authors.forename: Haiying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005688:Galactosamine / Q000633:toxicity*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D039821:Monoterpenes; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D016328:NF-kappa B; C495636:Nfe2l2 protein, mouse; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C577686:interleukin-6, mouse; C482199:lipopolysaccharide, E coli O55-B5; D005688:Galactosamine; C018584:linalool; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2
keywords: Linalool; Lipopolysaccharide; NF-κB; Nrf2; d-Galactosamine