title: Case-control resting-state fMRI study of brain functioning among adolescents with first-episode major depressive disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adolescent depression results in severe and protracted suffering for affected individuals and their family members, but the underlying mechanism of this disabling condition remains unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Compare resting-state brain functioning between first-episode, drug-naïve adolescents with major depressive disorder and matched controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen adolescents with major depressive disorder and 16 controls underwent a resting-state fMRI scan performed using a 3T magnetic resonance scanner. The amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) was used to assess resting-state brain function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adolescents with depression had higher mean (sd) scores on the Children Depression Inventory (CDI) than controls (22.13 [9.21] vs. 9.37 [5.65]). Compared with controls, adolescents with depression had higher ALFF in the posterior cingulate gyrus, left inferior temporal gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, right insula, right parietal lobe, and right fusiform gyrus; they also exhibited lower ALFF in the bilateral cuneus, the left occipital lobe, and the left medial frontal lobe.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescent depression is associated with significant changes in the functioning of several regions of the brain.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jianqi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zhimin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Wenqing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yasong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: DU
keywords: China; adolescents; case-control studies; magnetic resonance imaging; major depressive disorder