title: Femoral approach to lead extraction.
abstract: Laser and radiofrequency energy-assisted lead extraction has greatly facilitated this complex procedure. Although success rates are high, in some instances alternate methods of extraction are required. In this review, we discuss techniques for femoral extraction of implanted leads and retained fragments. The major tools available, including commonly used snares and delivery tools, are discussed. We briefly describe combined internal jugular and femoral venous extraction approaches, as well as complimentary utilization of more than one technique via the femoral vein. Animated and procedural sequences are included to help the reader visualize the key components of these techniques.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Siva K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mulpuru
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Osborn
authors.forename: Samuel J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Asirvatham
mesh_terms: D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020878:Device Removal / Q000379:methods*; D005268:Femoral Vein / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans
keywords: femoral route; lead extraction; lead infection; mechanical extraction