title: The characteristics of thrombin in osteoarthritic pathogenesis and treatment.
abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a mechanical abnormality associated with degradation of joints. It is characterized by chronic, progressive degeneration of articular cartilage, abnormalities of bone, and synovial change. The most common symptom of OA is local inflammation resulting from exogenous stress or endogenous abnormal cytokines. Additionally, OA is associated with local and/or systemic activation of coagulation and anticoagulation pathways. Thrombin plays an important role in the stimulation of fibrin deposition and the proinflammatory processes in OA. Thrombin mediates hemostatic and inflammatory responses and guides the immune response to tissue damage. Thrombin activates intracellular signaling pathways by interacting with transmembrane domain G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), known as protease-activated receptors (PARs). In pathogenic mechanisms, PARs have been implicated in the development of acute and chronic inflammatory responses in OA. Therefore, discovery of thrombin signaling pathways would help us to understand the mechanism of OA pathogenesis and lead us to develop therapeutic drugs in the future.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan ; Department of Nursing, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pei-Yu
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chen-Ming
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9336-4668
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yun-Lin County, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Yin
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan ; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ; Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Hsin
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D044462:Receptors, Proteinase-Activated / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013917:Thrombin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D044462:Receptors, Proteinase-Activated; D013917:Thrombin