title: Dynamic of the cellular immune response at the dermal site of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis and Leishmania (V.) braziliensis infection in Sapajus apella primate.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to characterize the immunopathological response in the skin of S. apella infected with Leishmania (L.) amazonensis and L. (V.) braziliensis parasites, the main causative agents of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis in South America. In infected animals, amastigote forms of L. (L.) amazonensis could be detected till 120 days postinfection (PI), while, in L. (V.) braziliensis infection, parasites could be detected until 180 days PI in the skin sections. CD20(+) cells were detected throughout the experimental time in both groups as well as in CD3(+) cells, which appeared to be activated because high densities of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS(+)) cells were detected at 60 and 90 days PI in both studied groups. After 60 and 120 days PI, decrease in iNOS(+) cells was observed in L. (L.) amazonensis and L. (V.) braziliensis, respectively, which was associated with parasite clearance. Increase in lysozyme(+) cells was observed during the experimental infections, which also can be associated with parasite killing.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Laboratory (LIM-50), Pathology Department, Medical School of São Paulo University, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 455-1 Andar, Sala 1209, 01246-903 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcia Dalastra
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Laurenti
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Laboratory (LIM-50), Pathology Department, Medical School of São Paulo University, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 455-1 Andar, Sala 1209, 01246-903 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Felipe Domingues
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Passero
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Laboratory (LIM-50), Pathology Department, Medical School of São Paulo University, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 455-1 Andar, Sala 1209, 01246-903 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thaise Yumie
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Tomokane
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Laboratory (LIM-50), Pathology Department, Medical School of São Paulo University, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 455-1 Andar, Sala 1209, 01246-903 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda de Camargo
authors.initials: Fde C
authors.lastname: Francesquini
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Laboratory (LIM-50), Pathology Department, Medical School of São Paulo University, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 455-1 Andar, Sala 1209, 01246-903 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mussya Cisotto
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Laboratory (LIM-50), Pathology Department, Medical School of São Paulo University, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 455-1 Andar, Sala 1209, 01246-903 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudia Maria de Castro
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Laboratory (LIM-50), Pathology Department, Medical School of São Paulo University, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 455-1 Andar, Sala 1209, 01246-903 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Eduardo Pereira
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Corbett
authors.affiliation: Leishmaniasis Laboratory, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Rodovia BR 316 s/n, 67030-000 Ananindeua, PA, Brazil ; Tropical Medicine Nucleus, Pará Federal University, Avenida Generalíssimo Deodoro 92, 66055-240 Belém, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando Tobias
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Silveira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002428:Cebus; D002452:Cell Count; D020405:Dermis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology*; D007891:Leishmania / Q000276:immunology*; D007892:Leishmania braziliensis / Q000276:immunology*; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D010271:Parasites / Q000166:cytology