title: Role of inflammation and oxidative stress in post-menopausal oestrogen-dependent breast cancer.
abstract: Weight gain and obesity are among the most important risk factors for post-menopausal oestrogen-dependent breast cancer (EDBC). Weight gain is associated with oxidative stress, which in turn promotes breast cancer progression. We carried out a prospective study in 216 consecutive post-menopausal breast cancer patients aiming to examine the correlations between traditional prognostic factors (tumour size, T, nodal, N, grading, G, and metastasis status, M), and body mass index (BMI), leptin, pro-inflammatory cytokines (Interleukin, IL,-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha, TNF-α), and oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species, ROS, glutathione peroxidase, GPx, superoxide dismutase, SOD) among patients with oestrogen receptor (ER)+ and ER- breast cancers. Distribution of T, N and M categories did not differ between ER+ and ER- breast cancer patients. ER- patients showed a higher incidence of G3 tumours. Weight, BMI, leptin, IL-6 and ROS were higher in ER+ compared with ER- patients. Among ER+ patients, BMI, leptin, IL-6 and ROS correlated with T and M. Leptin, IL-6 and ROS were positively correlated also with N. Among ER- patients, BMI and leptin did not correlate with any of prognostic parameters, whereas a positive correlation between IL-6, ROS and M was found. Multivariate regression analysis showed that BMI, leptin, IL-6 and ROS were predictive for T, N and M in ER+ patients. Weight gain, inflammation and oxidative stress are involved in EDBC prognosis. Their modulation through antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidants drugs combined with endocrine therapy may constitute a targeted approach in post-menopausal EDBC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences "Mario Aresu", University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Clelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Madeddu
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gramignano
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Floris
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Murenu
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sollai
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Macciò
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000097:blood; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D020738:Leptin; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Interleukin-6; adiposity; leptin; oestrogen-dependent breast cancer; oxidative stress