title: Novel treatment options for fecal incontinence.
abstract: Fecal incontinence (FI) is a devastating condition affecting a substantial portion of the population. The etiologies of FI are wide ranging, as are the treatment options. When conservative measures fail, often surgical intervention is required. As in any area where a wide range of treatment options exist, there is no one perfect solution. Fortunately, novel treatment options for FI are becoming available, namely, posterior tibial nerve stimulation, magnetic anal sphincter, stem cell transplant, pyloric transplantation, and acupuncture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.affiliation: Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Jefferson
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hurley
keywords: acupuncture; fecal incontinence; magnetic anal sphincter; posterior tibial nerve stimulation; pyloric valve transplant; stem cell transplant