title: Translational biology of osteosarcoma.
abstract: For the past 30 years, improvements in the survival of patients with osteosarcoma have been mostly incremental. Despite evidence of genomic instability and a high frequency of chromothripsis and kataegis, osteosarcomas carry few recurrent targetable mutations, and trials of targeted agents have been generally disappointing. Bone has a highly specialized immune environment and many immune signalling pathways are important in bone homeostasis. The success of the innate immune stimulant mifamurtide in the adjuvant treatment of non-metastatic osteosarcoma suggests that newer immune-based treatments, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, may substantially improve disease outcome.
authors.affiliation: 1] Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, 3002, Victoria, Australia. [2] Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Maya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kansara
authors.affiliation: 1] Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory and Cancer Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, 4006, Queensland, Australia. [2] School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, 4006, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Michele W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.affiliation: 1] Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory and Cancer Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, 4006, Queensland, Australia. [2] School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, 4006, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Smyth
authors.affiliation: 1] Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, 3002, Victoria, Australia. [2] Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Victoria, Australia. [3] The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, 2010, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001846:Bone Development; D006801:Humans; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents