title: Parametric methods for quantification of 18F-FAZA kinetics in non-small cell lung cancer patients.
abstract: (18)F-fluoroazomycinarabinoside ((18)F-FAZA) is a hypoxia-specific PET tracer. In future clinical applications of hypoxia imaging, such as early response monitoring or radiation therapy dose painting, accurate quantification of tracer uptake at the voxel level will be required. The aim of the present study was to assess the validity of parametric methods for the quantification of (18)F-FAZA studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dynamic 70-min (18)F-FAZA scans were obtained from 9 non-small cell lung cancer patients. Arterial blood samples, collected at 7 time points, were used for preprocessing an image-derived input function derived from volumes of interest (VOIs) defined within the ascending aorta. Time-activity curves derived from various tumor VOIs were fitted using nonlinear regression analysis (NLR) to a reversible 2-tissue-compartment model, providing volumes of distribution (V(T)) as an outcome measure. Next, parametric images were generated by use of both Logan graphic analysis with various linear regression start times and spectral analysis with multiple sets of basis functions. The previously defined tumor VOIs were projected onto these parametric images, and the resulting V(T) were compared with those obtained from NLR. In addition, the results were compared with tumor-to-blood ratios (SUVr), which are more easily obtainable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest correlations and correspondence with NLR-derived V(T) were found for Logan graphic analysis with a start time of 30 min after injection (R(2), 0.88; intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC], 0.93) and for spectral analysis-derived V(T) with a set of 30 basis functions with exponents ranging from 0.0175 to 1.9 (R(2), 0.79; ICC, 0.81). SUVr yielded similar correlations but showed significant bias at high V(T) (R(2), 0.85; ICC, 0.80).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both Logan graphic analysis and spectral analysis yielded V(T) that showed high correlations with nonlinear regression analysis-derived V(T). SUVr showed bias at high V(T).
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and e.verwer@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Eline E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Verwer
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Diseases, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Idris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bahce
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and.
authors.forename: Floris H P
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: van Velden
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and.
authors.forename: Maqsood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yaqub
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and.
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Schuit
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and.
authors.forename: Albert D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Windhorst
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and.
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Raijmakers
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and.
authors.forename: Otto S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Hoekstra
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and.
authors.forename: Adriaan A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lammertsma
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Diseases, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Egbert F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boellaard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009593:Nitroimidazoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000737:chemistry; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009593:Nitroimidazoles; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C498052:fluoroazomycin arabinoside
keywords: 18F-FAZA; PET; hypoxia; non–small cell lung cancer; parametric images