title: Lysozyme-triggered epidermal growth factor release from bacterial cellulose membranes controlled by smart nanostructured films.
abstract: A novel wound-dressing biodevice, sensitive to lysozyme, an enzyme commonly found at infected skin wounds, was assembled by the layer-by-layer deposition of nanopolymeric chitosan and alginate films onto oxidized bacterial cellulose membranes incorporated with epidermal growth factor (EGF). Distinct EGF release profiles were obtained according to specific stimuli caused by infection. In in vitro conditions simulating noninfected wounds, the EGF rate and burst release effect were reduced by three deposited layers (Mt /M∞ of 0.25 at 3 h) in a process dependent on the porosity of the compact chitosan-alginate complex. The importance of the organized structure was revealed when an infected wound was simulated by adding lysozyme to the release medium, thus inducing the formation of a loosely polyelectrolyte architecture that caused rapid EGF diffusion (Mt /M∞ of 0.75 at 30 min). The results indicate that the nanopolymeric layers were capable of slowly releasing EGF as required for normal wound repair and rapidly undergoing architectural transitions that allow the diffusion of massive amounts of drug to enhance the process of re-epithelialization. In summary, the proposed system comprises the roles of both wound dressing and local delivery mechanism to recognize infections and respond with a burst of EGF release.
authors.affiliation: Biopol, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Paraná, Brazil; CEB, Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80210-170, Paraná, Brazi.
authors.forename: Guilherme Fadel
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Picheth
authors.affiliation: Biopol, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Rita
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sierakowski
authors.affiliation: Biopol, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco Aurelio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Woehl
authors.affiliation: Yasuyoshi Hayashi Microbiology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-990, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.affiliation: ICC, Fiocruz, Curitiba 81350-010, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Axel Rulf
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Cofré
authors.affiliation: Biopol, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luana Pasetti
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Vanin
authors.affiliation: CEB, Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80210-170, Paraná, Brazi.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pontarolo
authors.affiliation: Biopol, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Paraná, Brazil. Electronic address: rilton@ufpr.br.
authors.forename: Rilton Alves
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: De Freitas
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D001458:Bandages; D002482:Cellulose / Q000378:metabolism*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D008566:Membranes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009113:Muramidase / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D002482:Cellulose; D048271:Chitosan; D009113:Muramidase
keywords: alginate; bacterial cellulose; chitosan; in vitro models; layer-by-layer; mathematical model; nanotechnology; protein delivery; sustained release; wound dressing