title: Reliability and validity of daily self-monitoring by smartphone application for health-related quality-of-life, antiretroviral adherence, substance use, and sexual behaviors among people living with HIV.
abstract: This paper examines inter-method reliability and validity of daily self-reports by smartphone application compared to 14-day recall web-surveys repeated over 6 weeks with people living with HIV (PLH). A participatory sensing framework guided participant-centered design prioritizing external validity of methods for potential applications in both research and self-management interventions. Inter-method reliability correlations were consistent with prior research for physical and mental health quality-of-life (r = 0.26-0.61), antiretroviral adherence (r = 0.70-0.73), and substance use (r = 0.65-0.92) but not for detailed sexual encounter surveys (r = 0.15-0.61). Concordant and discordant pairwise comparisons show potential trends in reporting biases, for example, lower recall reports of unprotected sex or alcohol use, and rounding up errors for frequent events. Event-based reporting likely compensated for modest response rates to daily time-based prompts, particularly for sexual and drug use behaviors that may not occur daily. Recommendations are discussed for future continuous assessment designs and analyses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA, dswendeman@mednet.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Dallas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Swendeman
authors.forename: W Scott
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Comulada
authors.forename: Nithya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ramanathan
authors.forename: Maya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lazar
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Estrin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D040421:Cell Phone; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D017010:Reminder Systems; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012648:Self Care; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents