title: Sexual minority women and depressive symptoms throughout adulthood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the associations between depressive symptoms and sexual identity and behavior among women with or at risk for HIV.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed longitudinal data from 1811 participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) from 1994 to 2013 in Brooklyn and the Bronx, New York; Chicago, Illinois; Washington, DC; and Los Angeles and San Francisco, California, by comparing depressive symptoms by baseline sexual identity and ongoing sexual behavior. We controlled for age, socioeconomic status, violence history, and substance use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In separate analyses, bisexual women and women who reported having sex with both men and women during follow-up had higher unadjusted odds of depressive symptoms compared with heterosexuals and women who reported only having male sexual partners (adjusted odd ratio [AOR] = 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI]  = 1.10, 1.69 and AOR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.06, 1.37, respectively). Age was a significant effect modifier in multivariable analysis; sexual minority women had increased odds of depressive symptoms in early adulthood, but they did not have these odds at midlife. Odds of depressive symptoms were lower among some sexual minority women at older ages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patterns of depressive symptoms over the life course of sexual minority women with or at risk for HIV might differ from heterosexual women and from patterns observed in the general aging population.
authors.affiliation: At the time of this study, Maria Pyra was with the Hektoen Institute, Chicago, IL. Kathleen M. Weber and Mardge H. Cohen are with the CORE Center, Cook County Bureau of Health Services, Chicago, IL. Tracey E. Wilson is with the SUNY Downstate Medical Center School of Public Health, Brooklyn, NY. Jennifer Cohen is with the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco. Lynn Murchison is with the Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY. Lakshmi Goparaju is with the Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC. Elizabeth T. Golub is with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pyra
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Tracey E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Murchison
authors.forename: Lakshmi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goparaju
authors.forename: Elizabeth T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Golub
authors.forename: Mardge H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001727:Bisexuality / Q000523:psychology*; D003710:Demography; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D018452:Homosexuality, Female / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged