title: Remyelinating strategies in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the CNS characterized by infiltration of immune cells and progressive damage to myelin sheaths and neurons. In recent years, the importance of the neuronal compartment in the early pathology of multiple sclerosis has become increasingly clear. Direct axonal damage within the early stages of inflammation as well as neuronal injury as a result of chronic demyelination are essential factors for the development of long-term disability in patients. Viewing MS as both inflammatory and neurodegenerative has significant implications for treatment, with remyelination of denuded axons to protect neurons from damage being necessary in addition to controlling inflammation. Here, we review recent molecular insights into key molecules and pathways controlling the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and the regenerative process of remyelination in MS and discuss the resulting options regarding remyelinating treatment strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn²), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Luessi
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuhlmann
authors.forename: Frauke
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zipp
mesh_terms: D001369:Axons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents
keywords: drug target; multiple sclerosis; myelin repair; neurodegeneration; neuroprotection; oligodendrocytes; remyelination; treatment