title: Complications and management of breast enhancement using hyaluronic acid.
abstract: The authors report on their experience with using hyaluronic acid of non-animal origin manufactured using commercially available technology (Macrolane, Q-Med AB, Sweden) for breast enhancement in 4000 women treated since 2004 and describe the most common complications and their successful treatment. On average, 30 mL to 40 mL of Macrolane was injected into each breast. Of 274 women who returned to the clinic during 2007, <10% experienced local adverse events (eg, gel dislocation, Macrolane nodules and rare cases of infection). There were no serious systemic events and treatment was well tolerated. To prevent local complications, such as infection, an aseptic injection technique was required and early treatment of adverse events is recommended. While only small volumes of Macrolane were injected, it is comparatively easy and safe to perform breast enhancement of up to one cup size to correct asymmetry between breasts and to create fullness in the upper portion of the breast.
authors.affiliation: Otsuka Academy of Cosmetic and Plastic Surgery, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.affiliation: Otsuka Academy of Cosmetic and Plastic Surgery, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakata
keywords: Breast augmentation; Breast enhancement; Complications; Macrolane; NASHA gel; Treatment