title: Evaluating the effect of a novel molluscicide in the endemic schistosomiasis japonica area of China.
abstract: Oncomelania hupensis is the sole intermediate host snail of Schistosoma japonicum in China. Snail control by molluscicide remains one of the most effective measures of schistosomiasis japonica control. A 50% wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt (WPN) is widely used for snail control in China. However, WPN is costly and toxic to fish. A novel molluscicide named LDS, the salt of quinoid-2', 5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide from niclosamide, has been developed. To evaluate the effects of large-scale field application of LDS on field snail control, tests were conducted in 15 counties of Hubei Province, China. Active adult snails, were immersed in 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 g/m3 of 10% LDS, 1.0 g/m3 of 50% WPN was used as the molluscicide control, and then the mortality rates of snails were investigated after 1, 2, and 3 days. In addition, four active concentrations of 10% LDS (0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 g/m2) were applied by spraying and powdering in the field. 1.0 g/m2 of 50% WPN was used as the molluscicide control, and then the mortality rates of snails were observed after 1, 3, and 7 days. The results indicated that 0.4 g/m3 LDS applied by the immersion or 0.6 g/m2 LDS applied by spraying and powdering achieved the same molluscicidal effect as that of WPN, regardless of exposure time. By using different methods, the snail mortality rates in the molluscicide groups were related to exposure time and concentration, respectively. LDS costs less than WPN; thus, LDS is suitable and applicable for use as a molluscicide in schistosomiasis japonica epidemic areas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. xiaj0608@163.com.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China. yuanyi5555@foxmail.com.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China. xuxj8412@foxmail.com.
authors.forename: Xingjian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China. weifh9@163.com.
authors.forename: Fenghua
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Industry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. guilingli1949@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Guiling
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Industry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. Liumin@hust.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Sichuan Chemical Industry Research and Design Institute, Chengdu 610041, China. hy-ljq-2008@163.com.
authors.forename: Jianqiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Sichuan Chemical Industry Research and Design Institute, Chengdu 610041, China. chenrj0808@163.com.
authors.forename: Rujuan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Sichuan Chemical Industry Research and Design Institute, Chengdu 610041, China. CYRZZP@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhengping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. shaofanie@163.com.
authors.forename: Shaofa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008975:Molluscacides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009534:Niclosamide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010571:Pest Control; D012554:Schistosomiasis japonica / Q000517:prevention & control; D012908:Snails / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D008975:Molluscacides; D009534:Niclosamide