title: Does grape seed extract potentiate the inhibition of platelet reactivity in the presence of endothelial cells?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Numerous studies have suggested that grape seed extract (GSE) confers vascular protection due to the direct effect of its polyphenol content on endothelial cells. The aim of the study was to determine whether GSE confers vascular protection through the direct effect of its polyphenol content on endothelial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  After incubation with GSE-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), blood platelet reactivity was evaluated with regard to the expression of CD62P and the activated form of GPIIbIIIa in ADP-stimulated platelets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lower concentrations of GSE were found to enhance the antiplatelet action of HUVECs: 1 μg/ml GSE reduced platelet reactivity by about 10%. While platelet reactivity was not altered by HUVECs incubated with higher concentrations of GSE, HUVEC proliferation was significantly reduced by GSE of up to 10 μg gallic acid equivalent/ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the study show that low doses of GSE potentiate the inhibitory action of HUVECs on platelet reactivity, which may account, at least partially, for the protective effects of grape products against cardiovascular diseases. In contrast, high concentrations of GSE significantly impair endothelial cell proliferation in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland. Electronic address: boguslawa.luzak@umed.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Boguslawa
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Luzak
authors.affiliation: Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kosiorek
authors.affiliation: Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Kamila
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Syska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rozalski
authors.affiliation: Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bijak
authors.affiliation: Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Podsedek
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Balcerczak
authors.affiliation: Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Cezary
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Watala
authors.affiliation: Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Golanski
mesh_terms: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D056604:Grape Seed Extract / Q000494:pharmacology*; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D056604:Grape Seed Extract
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Endothelial cells; Grape seed extract; Platelet reactivity