title: High expression of long non-coding RNA SPRY4-IT1 predicts poor prognosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a key role in cellular processes, such as cell growth, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis. lncRNAs SPRY4-IT1 has recently been identified to be involved in tumorigenesis of several cancers such as non-small cell lung cancer and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. However, the role of SPRY4-IT1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of SPRY4-IT1 was examined in ccRCC patients and renal cancer cell lines by using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The relationship between SPRY4-IT1 level and clinicopathological parameters of ccRCC was analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to suppress SPRY4-IT1 expression in renal cancer cell line 786-O. In vitro assays were performed to further explore its role in renal cancer progressio.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The relative level of SPRY4-IT1 was significantly higher in ccRCC tissues compared to the adjacent normal renal tissues. And higher expression of SPRY4-IT1 was found in renal cancer cell lines compared with the normal human proximal tubule epithelial cell line HK-2. The ccRCC patients with higher SPRY4-IT1 expression had an advanced clinical stage and poorer prognosis than those with lower SPRY4-IT1 expression. Multivariate analyses by Cox's proportional hazard model revealed that expression of SPRY4-IT1 was an independent prognostic factor in ccRCC. In vitro assays, our results indicated that knockdown of SPRY4-IT1 reduced renal cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggested that lncRNA SPRY4-IT1 might be considered as a potential prognostic indicator and a potential target for therapeutic intervention in RC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Feng-Qiang
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Che
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Jun-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D034622:RNA Interference; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding
keywords: Long non-coding RNAs; SPRY4-IT1; clear cell renal cell carcinoma; prognosis