title: Assessment of the contamination potentials of some foodborne bacteria in biofilms for food products.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess biofilms formed by different bacterial strains on glass slides, and changes in biofilm mass and biofilm-associated cell populations after brief contacts between biofilms and either media agar or food products.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains and a single Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strain were inoculated separately in tryptic soy broth containing glass coupons incubated for 24, 48 or 72 h at 37 °C. The biofilms formed by individual bacterial strains and biofilm-associated cell populations were determined. Biofilms were subsequently allowed to have brief contacts (1-3 times), through gentle touching, with either agar, meat or soft white cheese (2 cm(3)). Changes in biofilm mass on glass slides and cell populations embedded in biofilms were quantified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A nonpathogenic E. coli formed more biofilms than an E. coli O157:H7 strain. Biofilms formed by S. aureus and Listeria monocytogenes were essentially similar. The biofilm mass increased as incubation time increased within 48 h of incubation and was not positively correlated with cellulose production. Biofilm mass at 48 and 72 h of incubation was not significantly different. More frequent contacts with agar or foods did not remove more biofilms or biofilm-associated cells from glass slides. More S. aureus biofilms were removed followed by Listeria and E. coli biofilms. Mean contamination of agar or food models was 0.00 to 7.65 log CFU/cm(2). Greater contaminations in cell populations were observed with S. aureus and Listeria biofilms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results provide a clearer assessment of contaminating potential of foods that comes in contact with them.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Electronic address: vadetunji@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Victoria O
authors.initials: VO
authors.lastname: Adetunji
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, USA.
authors.forename: Adeyemi O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Adedeji
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kwaga
keywords: Bacteria; Biofilm; Cell population; Cellulose; Contamination