title: Risk factors of workplace bullying for men and women: the role of the psychosocial and physical work environment.
abstract: Workplace bullying has been shown to be a severe social stressor at work, resulting in high costs both for the individuals and organizations concerned. The aim of this study is to analyze risk factors in a large, nationally representative sample of Finnish employees (n = 4,392). The study makes three important contributions to the existing literature on workplace bullying: first, it demonstrates the role of the physical work environment alongside the psychosocial work environment - employees with a poor physical work environment are more likely than others to report having been subjected to or having observed bullying. Second, contrary to common assumptions, the results suggest that performance-based pay is associated with a lower, rather than higher risk of bullying. Third, the findings suggest that there are gender differences in risk factors, thereby constituting a call for more studies on the role of gender when identifying risk factors. Increased knowledge of risk factors is important as it enables us to take more effective measures to decrease the risk of workplace bullying.
authors.affiliation: Swedish School of Social Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and Hanken School of Economics, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Salin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D058445:Bullying; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012919:Social Behavior; D012931:Social Environment; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bullying; compensation system; gender; physical work environment; psychosocial work environment; risk factors