title: Room-temperature polar ferromagnet ScFeO3 transformed from a high-pressure orthorhombic perovskite phase.
abstract: Multiferroic materials have been the subject of intense study, but it remains a great challenge to synthesize those presenting both magnetic and ferroelectric polarizations at room temperature. In this work, we have successfully obtained LiNbO3-type ScFeO3, a metastable phase converted from the orthorhombic perovskite formed under 15 GPa at elevated temperatures. A combined structure analysis by synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging reveals that this compound adopts the polar R3c symmetry with a fully ordered arrangement of trivalent Sc and Fe ions, forming highly distorted ScO6 and FeO6 octahedra. The calculated spontaneous polarization along the hexagonal c-axis is as large as 100 μC/cm(2). The magnetic studies show that LiNbO3-type ScFeO3 is a weak ferromagnet with TN = 545 K due to a canted G-type antiferromagnetic ordering of Fe(3+) spins, representing the first example of LiNbO3-type oxides with magnetic ordering far above room temperature. A comparison of the present compound and rare-earth orthorhombic perovskites RFeO3 (R = La-Lu and Y), all of which possess the corner-shared FeO6 octahedral network, allows us to find a correlation between TN and the Fe-O-Fe bond angle, indicating that the A-site cation-size-dependent octahedral tilting dominates the magnetic transition through the Fe-O-Fe superexchange interaction. This work provides a general and versatile strategy to create materials in which ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism coexist at high temperatures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Ikuya
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matoba
authors.forename: Sung Joo
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Xiaoqing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Findlay
authors.forename: Cédric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tassel
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kageyama
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Studer
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hester
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Irifune
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akamatsu
authors.forename: Katsuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka