title: Protective effect of adrenomedullin on contrast induced nephropathy in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) has a growing incidence in which renal vasoconstriction and medullary hypoxia are important mechanisms. Therapeutic approaches are very restricted and there is a considerable interest in advancing preventive strategies. Adrenomedullin is a relatively novel peptide having antioxidant, vasoactive and vasodilatory properties. We aimed to investigate whether adrenomedullin might have a preventive role against the development of experimental CIN.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar albino rats (n=24) were allocated randomly into four equal groups of 6 each; Control (C), Adrenomedullin (A), Contrast Media (CM) and Adrenomedullin plus Contrast Media (ACM). All rats were deprived of water from day 1 to day 4 during 72 hours. Then, intravenous administrations of chemicals were performed. Adrenomedullin was given at dose of 12&micro;g/kg to groups A and ACM. A single dose of high-osmolar contrast media; diatrizoate (Urografin 76%, Schering AG, Germany) was injected to groups CM and ACM at dose of 10mL/kg. On day 1 and 6 blood samples were drawn for renal function tests and inflammatory markers including TNF-&alpha; IL-1&beta;, IL-6 and IL-18. After sacrification, kidney histologies were examined with hematoxylin-eosin staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to CM group, serum cystatin-C levels on 6th day were found significantly lower in ACM group (p&lt;0.05). Additionally, daily protein excretion rates, absolute changes in daily urine output and creatinine clearance values were significantly lower in ACM group than those in CM group (p&lt;0.05). In histopathological evaluation, regarding the degree of tubular damage and medullary congestion scores, ACM group had slightly better scores compared to CM group; however the differences did not reach significance as shown in inflammatory markers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated a beneficial impact of adrenomedullin on deteriorated renal function tests in an experimental CIN model. Adrenomedullin might be a candidate agent for prophylaxis of CIN. However, further studies are needed to shed more light on this issue.
authors.forename: Salih
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inal
authors.forename: Eyüp
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koc
authors.forename: Gülay
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ulusal-Okyay
authors.forename: Ozge T
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Pasaoglu
authors.forename: Ipek
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Isik-Gönül
authors.forename: Eser
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oz-Oyar
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pasaoglu
authors.forename: Galip
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Güz
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D053607:Adrenomedullin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000633:toxicity*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D003973:Diatrizoate / Q000633:toxicity*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005260:Female; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014868:Water Deprivation
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D003287:Contrast Media; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D003973:Diatrizoate; D053607:Adrenomedullin