title: Perceptions of physical activity, activity preferences and health among a group of adult women in urban Ghana: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obesity and other lifestyle-related chronic diseases impact urban West African women at high rates. Physical activity (PA) can improve these health outcomes but there is little published data on the associated psychosocial predictors in this population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to explore preliminary associations between perceptions of PA, PA behaviours, and health in a group of Ghanaian women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Non-experimental, cross-sectional case study using a mixed-methods approach. Focus groups and in-depth interviews with a convenience sample of Ghanaian women, fitness trainers and clergy comprised the qualitative phase. A self-administered survey (n=218) comprised the quantitative phase. Constant comparative method, logistic regression, component and factor analyses were used for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women viewed activities of daily living like housework as PA; rarely utilized organized fitness facilities; understood "rigorous" PA as professional male athleticism; and took interest in socialized PA. Mean age was 49.4 years. Mean body mass index was 30.3 kg/m2. The majority (75.9 %) reported exercising sometimes or often. Half (48.4%) reported a lifestyle-related chronic disease. "Weight loss," "health concerns" and "increased energy," were top motivators for PA. "Can't find the time," "work/family obligations," and "don't have a facility" were top barriers. Presence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and prior weight loss correlated with the slimming motivator (adjusted odds ratio 2.59, p=0.008; AOR 3.56, p=0.012; AOR 3.36, p=<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among those surveyed, PA motivators and barriers were associated with demographics, PA exposure, and health status. Further research on unique PA perceptions, behaviours and health could catalyze health promotion through culturally relevant fitness programming.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiatrist, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, USA; Department of International Health and the Centre for Human Nutrition.
authors.forename: Y A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Tuakli-Wosornu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiatrist, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, USA; Department of International Health and the Centre for Human Nutrition.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rowan
authors.affiliation: Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gittelsohn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D005869:Ghana; D006293:Health Promotion; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D009043:Motor Activity; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D016387:Women's Health
keywords: Ghana; barriers; facilitators; physical activity; women