title: Using the WHO essential medicines list to assess the appropriateness of insurance coverage decisions: a case study of the Croatian national medicine reimbursement list.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the use of the WHO EML as a tool with which to evaluate the evidence base for the medicines on the national insurance coverage list of the Croatian Institute of Health Insurance (CIHI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Medicines from 9 ATC categories with highest expenditures from 2012 CIHI Basic List (n = 509) were compared with 2011 WHO EML for adults (n = 359). For medicines with specific indication listed only in CIHI Basic List we assessed whether there was evidence in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews questioning their efficacy and safety.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two lists shared 188 medicines (52.4% of WHO EML and 32.0% of CIHI list). CIHI Basic List had 254 medicines and 33 combinations of these medicines which were not on the WHO EML, plus 14 medicines rejected and 20 deleted from WHO EML by its Evaluation Committee. For deleted medicines, we could obtain data that showed 2,965,378 prescriptions issued to 617,684 insured patients, and the cost of approximately € 41.2 million for 2012 and the first half of 2013, when the CIHI Basic List was in effect. For CIHI List-only medicines with a specific indication (n = 164 or 57.1% of the analyzed set), fewer benefits or more serious side-effects than other medicines were found for 17 (10.4%) and not enough evidence for recommendations for specific indication for 21 (12.8%) medicines in Cochrane systematic reviews.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  National health care policy should use high-quality evidence in deciding on adding new medicines and reassessing those already present on national medicines lists, in order to rationalize expenditures and ensure wider and better access to medicines. The WHO EML and recommendations from its Evaluation Committee may be useful tools in this quality assurance process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia.
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jeličić Kadić
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Split Hospital Center, Split, Croatia.
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Žanić
authors.affiliation: School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Nataša
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Škaričić
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marušić
mesh_terms: D018954:Drugs, Essential; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D019458:Insurance Coverage; D007348:Insurance, Health; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D018954:Drugs, Essential