title: ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Mortality Among Patients With Liver Cirrhosis: A Nationwide Analysis Across a Decade.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mortality from ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is decreasing nationwide, but no report to date examined STEMI mortality among patients with cirrhosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Determine mortality rates and investigate possible disparities in cardiovascular interventions for patients with and without cirrhosis admitted with STEMI across a decade using a national database.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included all urgent/emergent admissions with STEMI to acute care hospitals across the United States in 1999 and 2009. Exclusion criteria were age less than 18 years or prior liver transplantation. Confounders were accounted for using multivariable regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 325,857 and 182,491 patients with STEMI were included in 1999 and 2009, respectively, 741 and 541 of whom had cirrhosis, respectively. In-hospital mortality rate was 31% and 11% for patients with and without cirrhosis in 1999, and 17% and 9% in 2009. The adjusted mortality odds ratio was 2.54 (1.52 to 4.24) in 1999 and 1.45 (0.73 to 2.86) in 2009. Stent placement rate was 11% and 26% for patients with and without cirrhosis in 1999, and increased to 47% and 61% in 2009, respectively. Thrombolytic medication injection rate was 3% and 10% for patients with and without cirrhosis in 1999, and 0% and 2% in 2009, respectively. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery rate was 3% and 9% for patients with and without cirrhosis in 1999, and was 6% and 7% in 2009, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  STEMI mortality in patients with cirrhosis is higher compared with patients without cirrhosis. However, this mortality difference declined from 1999 to 2009, likely because of higher coronary artery stent utilization for patients with cirrhosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Marwan S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Abougergi
authors.forename: Raffi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Karagozian
authors.forename: Norman D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Grace
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Saltzman
authors.forename: Amir A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Qamar
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents