title: Early postnatal alteration of body composition in preterm and small-for-gestational-age infants: implications of catch-up fat.
abstract: The concept of the developmental origins of health and disease is based on studies by Barker et al. They proposed a hypothesis that undernutrition in utero permanently changes the body's structure, function, and metabolism in ways that lead to atherosclerosis and insulin resistance in later life. In addition, profound effects on the extent of body fatness and insulin sensitivity are demonstrated, if there is a "mismatch" between prenatal and postnatal environments. In previous studies, undernutrition in utero has been evaluated simply by birth weight itself or birth weight for gestational age, and the degree of mismatch has been estimated by postnatal rapid weight gain. Recently, we investigated subcutaneous fat accumulation in small-for-gestational-age infants and found that a rapid catch-up in skinfold thickness developed prior to the body weight catch-up. Furthermore, insulin-like growth factor-I and lipoprotein lipase mass concentrations also demonstrate rapid increase during the neonatal period with fat accumulation. Investigating the precise mechanisms of developmental origins of health and disease including mediating metabolic and hormonal factors may provide a new approach to prevent atherosclerosis and insulin resistance. Better management of undernutrition during gestation and neonatal growth during the early postnatal period is an important theme for future health.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan [2] Department of Nutrition and Life Science, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoo
authors.identifier: 0000000211282635
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagano
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kayo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Usukura
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeharu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hosono
mesh_terms: D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D048070:Fetal Nutrition Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000502:physiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000502:physiology*; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000502:physiology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin