title: Juice and water intake in infancy and later beverage intake and adiposity: could juice be a gateway drink?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the tracking and significance of beverage consumption in infancy and childhood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 1163 children in Project Viva, we examined associations of fruit juice and water intake at 1 year (0 oz, 1-7 oz [small], 8-15 oz [medium], and ≥16 oz [large]) with juice and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake and BMI z-score during early (median 3.1 years) and mid-childhood (median 7.7 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In covariate adjusted models, juice intake at 1 year was associated with greater juice and SSB intake during early and mid-childhood and also greater adiposity. Children who drank medium and large amounts of juice at 1 year had higher BMI z-scores during both early (medium: β = 0.16 [95% CI = 0.01-0.32]; large: β = 0.28 [95% CI = 0.01-0.56]) and mid-childhood (medium: β = 0.23 [95% CI = 0.07-0.39]; large: β = 0.36 [95% CI = 0.08-0.64]). After covariate adjustment, associations between water intake at 1 year and beverage intake and adiposity later in childhood were null.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher juice intake at 1 year was associated with higher juice intake, SSB intake, and BMI z-score during early and mid-childhood. Assessing juice intake during infancy could provide clinicians with important data regarding future unhealthy beverage habits and excess adiposity during childhood.
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Kendrin R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Sonneville
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Sheryl L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Rifas-Shiman
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kleinman
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Gillman
authors.forename: Elsie M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Taveras
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000187:drug effects; D001628:Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000494:pharmacology; D004326:Drinking / Q000502:physiology*; D004327:Drinking Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D013549:Sweetening Agents