title: Sodium fluoride and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate cream plus sodium fluoride efficacy in preventing enamel erosion in a simulated oral environment study model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of dentifrices containing high concentrations of sodium fluoride (NaF) and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate cream plus fluoride (CPP-ACPF) in prevention of the erosion in a simulated oral environment study model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen flat human enamel specimens were polished and half of the surfaces were protected with adhesive tape. Initial Knoop microhardness (KHN) and surface roughness (SR) were measured, and specimens were assigned to four groups: Control (placebo toothpaste - G1); CPP-ACPF (G2), NaF 1450 ppm (G3), and NaF 5000 ppm (G4). Enamel surfaces were brushed 3 times daily in association with demineralization-remineralization cycles (5s in cola drink + 5s in artificial saliva/10 cycles/twice daily) and the specimens were maintained in a salivary flow simulator apparatus. After 14 days, KHN and SR were measured again, and the enamel surfaces were analyzed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were analyzed using the two-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls multiple range test (α =0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the tested groups presented a decrease in KHN after 14 days (P < 0.05). There was no statistical significance among materials tested. Significant increase in SR was observed for all groups. SEM analysis showed morphological alterations with honeycomb structures in enamel surfaces in the four experimental groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that tooth brushing with dentifrices with high concentration of NaF and CPP-ACPF cream was not able to prevent enamel erosion in simulated oral environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Analytical Laboratory of Restorative Biomaterials, LABiom-R, School of Dentistry, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiane Mariote
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Amaral
authors.forename: Maria Elisa da Silva Ng
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: Danielly S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Correa
authors.forename: Eduardo M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D002364:Caseins / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010748:Phosphopeptides / Q000737:chemistry*; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D010748:Phosphopeptides; D012969:Sodium Fluoride