title: VanA and VanB Positive Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Among Clinical Isolates in Shiraz, South of Iran.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical samples in Shiraz hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  From March to December 2012, 100 S. aureus isolates (mainly from wound and blood) were collected from three hospitals in Shiraz, south of Iran. After identification of Staphylococcus aureus by biochemical, microbiological and molecular methods, antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test for 13 different antibiotics. Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates were determined by vancomycin agar screening test and PCR for vancomycin resistant genes (vanA and vanB).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lowest and highest resistance was seen for quinupristin-dalfopristin (n=1) and ampicillin (n=95), respectively. Vancomycin agar screening test showed that 37 isolates can grow on these media. Further study by PCR also detected vanA and/or vanB genes in all of these strains. Also, 19 isolates showed either vanA or vanB but were susceptible according to vancomycin agar screening test. In total, vanA and vanB resistant genes were detected in 34% and 37% of clinical isolates, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results showed that the frequency of vancomycin resistance genes (vanA, vanB) is very high in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients in south of Iran. Thus, urgent interventions are needed to keep the emergence and transmission of these isolates to a minimum.
authors.affiliation: Instructor Microbiology Department, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom Branch (the member of young scientific research club of Islamic Azad university of Jahrom), Jahrom, Iran.
authors.forename: Sareh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saadat
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor Medical Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Motahri Street, Jahrom, Iran.
authors.forename: Kavous
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Solhjoo
authors.affiliation: Instructor Microbiology Department, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom Branch, Jahrom, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad-Javad
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Norooz-Nejad
authors.affiliation: Instructor Medical Microbiology Department, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
authors.forename: Akbar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kazemi
keywords: Iran; Staphylococcus aureus; Vancomycin Resistance; vanA; vanB