title: Ultra long-range interactions between large area graphene and silicon.
abstract: The wet-transfer of graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been the standard procedure for transferring graphene to any substrate. However, the nature of the interactions between large area graphene and target substrates is unknown. Here, we report on measurements of the traction-separation relations, which represent the strength and range of adhesive interactions, and the adhesion energy between wet-transferred, CVD grown graphene and the native oxide surface of silicon substrates. These were determined by coupling interferometry measurements of the separation between the graphene and silicon with fracture mechanics concepts and analyses. The measured adhesion energy was 357 ± 16 mJ/m(2), which is commensurate with van der Waals interactions. However, the deduced traction-separation relation for graphene-silicon interactions exhibited a much longer range interaction than those normally associated with van der Waals forces, suggesting that other mechanisms are present.
authors.affiliation: Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics Research Center for the Mechanics of Solids, Structures and Materials, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering and The Materials Science and Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States.
authors.forename: Seung Ryul
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Na
authors.forename: Ji Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Suk
authors.forename: Rodney S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Ruoff
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Kenneth M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Liechti
keywords: adhesive interactions; energy; graphene; interferometry; range; silicon; strength