title: Increased risk of urinary calculi in patients with migraine: a nationwide cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Whether migraine is associated with urinary calculi is an unresolved issue, although topiramate, a migraine-preventive agent, is known to contribute to this complication. This study investigates the association between migraine and the risk of urinary calculi.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified a total of 147,399 patients aged ≥18 years with migraine diagnoses recorded in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database between 2005 and 2009. Each patient was randomly matched with one individual without headache using propensity scores. All participants were followed from the date of enrollment until urinary calculi development, death, or the end of 2010.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The risk of urinary calculi was greater in the migraine than the control cohort (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.58; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.52-1.63; p < 0.001, irrespective of the influence of topiramate. The risk was higher in younger and female patients. The magnitude of the risk was proportional to the annual frequency of clinic visits for headache (≥6 vs. <3, aHR = 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04-1.17; p = 0.002), but did not differ between migraine patients with and without aura.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study showed migraine was associated with an increased risk of urinary calculi, independent of topiramate use. A higher frequency of clinic visits was associated with a greater risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Suao Branch, Taiwan National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Min-Juei
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taiwan Department of Nephrology, Institute of Internal Medicine, Taipei City Hospital Heping Fuyou Branch, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yung-Tai
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taiwan Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shuo-Ming
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.affiliation: National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taiwan Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Yuanshan Branch, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taiwan Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taoyuan Branch, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuan-Po
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chao-Hsiun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taiwan Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan sjwang@vghtpe.gov.tw.
authors.forename: Shuu-Jiun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015994:Incidence; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000150:complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Asian; Urinary calculi; migraine