title: Think globally, research locally: paradigms and place in agroecological research.
abstract: Conducting science for practical ends implicates scientists, whether they wish it or not, as agents in social-ecological systems, raising ethical, economic, environmental, and political issues. Considering these issues helps scientists to increase the relevance and sustainability of research outcomes. As we rise to the worthy call to connect basic research with food production, scientists have the opportunity to evaluate alternative food production paradigms and consider how our research funds and efforts are best employed. In this contribution, we review some of the problems produced by science conducted in service of industrial agriculture and its associated economic growth paradigm. We discuss whether the new concept of "ecological intensification" can rescue the industrial agriculture/growth paradigm and present an emerging alternative paradigm of decentralized, localized, biodiversity-promoting agriculture for a steady-state economy. This "custom fit" agriculture engages constructively with complex and highly localized ecosystems, and we draw from examples of published work to demonstrate how ecologists can contribute by using approaches that acknowledge local agricultural practices and draw on community participation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405 USA.
authors.forename: Heather L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.affiliation: Rise Up Farms, Elkhart, Indiana 46516 USA.
authors.forename: Alex A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Recreation, Park & Tourism Studies, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405 USA Vincent and Elinor Ostrom Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405 USA.
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Farmer
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000191:economics; D044822:Biodiversity; D055812:Community-Based Participatory Research; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D004463:Ecology; D017753:Ecosystem; D005523:Food Supply; D006801:Humans
keywords: Green Revolution; ecological intensification; economic growth; industrial agriculture; localization; social-ecological system; steady-state economics; sustainability; sustainable agriculture