title: A Case of Lung Cancer Originating from Cavitary Mycobacterium xenopi Infection.
abstract: Coexistence of Mycobacterium xenopi with lung cancer has been reported. However, lung cancer originating within a pre-existing cavity caused by M. xenopi has not. A 55-y-old woman with a history of smoking presented with complaints of chronic dry cough, night sweats, and weight loss for several months. Computed tomography (CT) scanning revealed a 3.5-cm irregular thick-walled cavity in the right lung apex. Cultures obtained from a CT-guided biopsy grew M. xenopi. The patient received standard treatment, and her clinical symptoms improved, and the radiographic lesion stabilized. However, 2 y later, a repeat chest x-ray showed the original right upper lobe cavity with an interval development of a mass adjoining the cavity. A CT-guided needle biopsy of the new mass demonstrated squamous cell carcinoma. Whenever there is a change in the radiological appearance of a cavity, a repeat biopsy should be performed to exclude lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine viralkdoshi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Viral K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Doshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois.
authors.forename: Shreedhar R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois.
authors.forename: Nang M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Kham
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.
authors.forename: Kent S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kapitan
mesh_terms: D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D061705:Image-Guided Biopsy; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009165:Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology; D019912:Mycobacterium xenopi / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: M. xenopi; cavitary lung lesions; lung neoplasm; scar cancer; squamous cell carcinoma