title: A nonradioactive approach to investigate the metabolism of therapeutic peptides by tagging with 127i and using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis.
abstract: The metabolic fate of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) fragment 4-10 (4-10) was evaluated following incorporation of a nonradioactive (127)I-tag and with selective detection of I(+) at m/z 127 by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). (127)I has all the advantages of radioactive (125)I as a metabolite tracer and, together with its detection in the femtogram range, has led to a successful metabolite profiling of (127)I-ACTH (4-10) in vitro. The observed metabolic stability of this peptide in tissue preparations from human was plasma > kidney S9 > liver microsomes > liver cytosol, liver S9. Metabolic turnover of (127)I-ACTH (4-10) was not NADPH-dependent and, together with inhibition by protease inhibitor cocktail and EDTA, is consistent with metabolism exclusively by proteases. Our preliminary studies using chemical inhibitors suggested the involvement of metalloprotease, serine peptidase, and aminopeptidase in (127)I-ACTH (4-10) metabolism. The liver is the primary site of metabolic clearance of (127)I-ACTH (4-10), with kidney S9 taking four times longer to produce a metabolite profile comparable to that produced by liver S9. A total of six metabolites retaining the (127)I-tag was detected by ICP-MS, and their structures were elucidated using a LTQ/Orbitrap. (127)I-ACTH (4-10) underwent both N- and C-terminal proteolysis to produce (127)I-Phe as the major metabolite. The (127)I-tag had minimal effect on the metabolic turnover and site of proteolysis of ACTH (4-10), which, together with ICP-MS providing essentially equimolar responses, suggests that the use of a (127)I-tag may have general utility as an alternative to radioiodination to investigate the metabolism of peptide therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania (H.-K.L., J.S., D.C.E.); Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (Y.C.); and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois (X.Q.) hlim5@its.jnj.com.
authors.forename: Heng-Keang
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania (H.-K.L., J.S., D.C.E.); Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (Y.C.); and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois (X.Q.).
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania (H.-K.L., J.S., D.C.E.); Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (Y.C.); and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois (X.Q.).
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania (H.-K.L., J.S., D.C.E.); Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (Y.C.); and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois (X.Q.).
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania (H.-K.L., J.S., D.C.E.); Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (Y.C.); and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois (X.Q.).
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000378:metabolism*; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; C011394:ACTH (4-10)