title: An osteological revisitation of autopsies: comparing anthropological findings on exhumed skeletons to their respective autopsy reports in seven cases.
abstract: Forensic anthropologists and pathologists are more and more requested to answer questions on bone trauma. However limitations still exist concerning the proper interpretation of bone fractures and bone lesions in general. Access to known skeletal populations which derive from cadavers (victims of violent deaths) who underwent autopsy and whose autopsy reports are available are obvious sources of information on what happens to bone trauma when subjected to taphonomic variables, such as burial, decomposition, postmortem chemical and mechanical insults; such skeletal collections are still however quite rare. This study presents the results of the comparative analysis between the autopsy findings on seven cadavers (six of which victims of blunt, sharp or gunshot wounds) and those of the anthropological assessment performed 20 years later on the exhumed dry bones (part of the Milano skeletal collection). The investigation allowed us to verify how perimortem sharp, blunt and gunshot lesions appear after a long inhumation period, whether they are still recognizable, and how many lesions are no longer detectable or were not detectable at all compared to the autopsy report. It also underlines the importance of creating skeletal collections with known information on cause of death and trauma.
authors.affiliation: LABANOF, Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense, Sezione di Medicina Legale, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 37, 20133 Milan, Italy. Electronic address: annalisa.cappella@gmail.com.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cappella
authors.affiliation: LABANOF, Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense, Sezione di Medicina Legale, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 37, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Castoldi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy. Electronic address: chiarella.sforza@unimi.it.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sforza
authors.affiliation: LABANOF, Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense, Sezione di Medicina Legale, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 37, 20133 Milan, Italy. Electronic address: cristina.cattaneo@unimi.it.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cattaneo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001344:Autopsy; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology*; D049249:Exhumation; D005260:Female; D018732:Forensic Anthropology; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000473:pathology; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000473:pathology
keywords: Autopsy; Forensic Anthropology Population Data; Milano skeletal collection; Perimortem trauma; Postmortem trauma; Taphonomy