title: Long-term relationships among pesticide applications, mobility, and soil erosion in a vineyard watershed.
abstract: Agricultural pesticide use has increased worldwide during the last several decades, but the long-term fate, storage, and transfer dynamics of pesticides in a changing environment are poorly understood. Many pesticides have been progressively banned, but in numerous cases, these molecules are stable and may persist in soils, sediments, and ice. Many studies have addressed the question of their possible remobilization as a result of global change. In this article, we present a retro-observation approach based on lake sediment records to monitor micropollutants and to evaluate the long-term succession and diffuse transfer of herbicides, fungicides, and insecticide treatments in a vineyard catchment in France. The sediment allows for a reliable reconstruction of past pesticide use through time, validated by the historical introduction, use, and banning of these organic and inorganic pesticides in local vineyards. Our results also revealed how changes in these practices affect storage conditions and, consequently, the pesticides' transfer dynamics. For example, the use of postemergence herbicides (glyphosate), which induce an increase in soil erosion, led to a release of a banned remnant pesticide (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, DDT), which had been previously stored in vineyard soil, back into the environment. Management strategies of ecotoxicological risk would be well served by recognition of the diversity of compounds stored in various environmental sinks, such as agriculture soil, and their capability to become sources when environmental conditions change.
authors.affiliation: Environnement, Dynamique et Territoires de Montagne, Université de Savoie, CNRS, 73373 Le Bourget du Lac, France; pierre.sabatier@univ-savoie.fr.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sabatier
authors.affiliation: Environnement, Dynamique et Territoires de Montagne, Université de Savoie, CNRS, 73373 Le Bourget du Lac, France;
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Poulenard
authors.affiliation: Environnement, Dynamique et Territoires de Montagne, Université de Savoie, CNRS, 73373 Le Bourget du Lac, France;
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fanget
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Reyss
authors.affiliation: Environnement, Dynamique et Territoires de Montagne, Université de Savoie, CNRS, 73373 Le Bourget du Lac, France;
authors.forename: Anne-Lise
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Develle
authors.affiliation: Environnement, Dynamique et Territoires de Montagne, Université de Savoie, CNRS, 73373 Le Bourget du Lac, France; Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
authors.affiliation: Environnement, Dynamique et Territoires de Montagne, Université de Savoie, CNRS, 73373 Le Bourget du Lac, France;
authors.forename: Estelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ployon
authors.affiliation: Environnement, Dynamique et Territoires de Montagne, Université de Savoie, CNRS, 73373 Le Bourget du Lac, France;
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pignol
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Environnement, Université de Savoie, 73376 Le Bourget du Lac, France; and.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Naffrechoux
authors.affiliation: Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques des Ecosystème Limniques, Université de Savoie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 74203 Thonon-les-Bains, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Marcel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dorioz
authors.affiliation: Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques des Ecosystème Limniques, Université de Savoie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 74203 Thonon-les-Bains, France.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Montuelle
authors.affiliation: Environnement, Dynamique et Territoires de Montagne, Université de Savoie, CNRS, 73373 Le Bourget du Lac, France;
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arnaud
mesh_terms: D017753:Ecosystem; D010575:Pesticides / Q000737:chemistry*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D012987:Soil; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: DDT; glyphosate; lake sediment; pesticides; soil erosion