title: A Review of Current Analgesic Techniques in Cardiac Surgery. Is Epidural Worth it?
abstract: In this review we addressed the various analgesic techniques in cardiac surgery, especially regional methods such as thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA). There are many techniques available for management of postoperative pain after cardiac operation including intravenous administration of analgesic drugs, infiltration of local anesthetics, nerve blocks, and neuroaxial techniques. Although there are many evidences declaring the benefits of neuroaxial blockade in improving postoperative well-being and quality of care in these patients, some studies have revealed limited effect of TEA on overall morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery. On the other hand, some investigators have raised the concern about epidural hematoma in altered coagulation and risks of infection and local anesthetics toxicity during and after cardiac procedures. In present review, we tried to discuss the most recent arguments in the field of this controversial issue. The final conclusion about either using regional anesthesia in cardiac surgery or not has been assigned to the readers.
authors.affiliation: Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ziyaeifard
authors.affiliation: Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Rasoul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Azarfarin
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Samad Ej
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Golzari
keywords: Analgesia; Cardiac Surgery; Postoperative Pain; Review; Risks; Thoracic Epidural Anesthesia