title: Introduction of sequential inactivated polio vaccine-oral polio vaccine schedule for routine infant immunization in Brazil's National Immunization Program.
abstract: In August 2012, the Brazilian Ministry of Health introduced inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) as part of sequential polio vaccination schedule for all infants beginning their primary vaccination series. The revised childhood immunization schedule included 2 doses of IPV at 2 and 4 months of age followed by 2 doses of oral polio vaccine (OPV) at 6 and 15 months of age. One annual national polio immunization day was maintained to provide OPV to all children aged 6 to 59 months. The decision to introduce IPV was based on preventing rare cases of vaccine-associated paralytic polio, financially sustaining IPV introduction, ensuring equitable access to IPV, and preparing for future OPV cessation following global eradication. Introducing IPV during a national multivaccination campaign led to rapid uptake, despite challenges with local vaccine supply due to high wastage rates. Continuous monitoring is required to achieve high coverage with the sequential polio vaccine schedule.
authors.affiliation: Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health Center for Tropical Medicine, University of Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carla Magda Allan S
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Domingues
authors.affiliation: Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health.
authors.forename: Sirlene
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Fátima Pereira
authors.affiliation: Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Cunha Marreiros
authors.affiliation: Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health.
authors.forename: Nair
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.affiliation: Global Immunization Division, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Brendan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Flannery
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D060740:Disease Eradication; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011051:Poliomyelitis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated; D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral
keywords: Brazil; acute flaccid paralysis; inactivated polio vaccine; poliomyelitis; vaccination schedule