title: Metformin is not associated with improved biochemical free survival or cause-specific survival in men with prostate cancer treated with permanent interstitial brachytherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several recent studies have suggested improved clinical outcomes in diabetic men with prostate cancer who also use metformin. We explore whether metformin use is associated with improved outcomes specifically in men undergoing prostate brachytherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  2,298 consecutive patients underwent permanent interstitial brachytherapy by a single brachytherapist (GSM). The cohort included 2028 non-diabetic men, 144 men with diabetes who were not taking metformin, and 126 men with diabetes who were taking metformin. Median follow up was 8.3 years. Differences in biochemical free survival, cause specific survival, and overall survival between men taking metformin and those not taking metformin were compared using Kaplan-Meier curves and log rank tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen year biochemical failure rate, cause specific mortality and overall mortality for non-diabetic men was 4.6%, 1.5%, 47.0%, respectively; for diabetic men taking metformin 4.8%, 2.0%, 37.2%; and for diabetic men not taking metformin was 2.8%, 0%, 72.7%, respectively. Metformin use was not predictive in multivariate analysis of biochemical failure or prostate cancer specific mortality. However, diabetic men not taking metformin had higher overall mortality than non-diabetic men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metformin use was not associated with improved biochemical survival or cancer specific survival in this cohort of men treated with prostate brachytherapy.
authors.affiliation: Dorothy Schneider Cancer Center, Mills Peninsula Hospital, San Mateo, CA.
authors.forename: Al V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Taira
authors.affiliation: Schiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling Jesuit University, Wheeling, WV ; Department of Urology, Wheeling Hospital, Wheeling, WV.
authors.forename: Gregory S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Merrick
authors.affiliation: Schiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling Jesuit University, Wheeling, WV ; Ohio University Eastern, St. Clairsville, OH.
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Galbreath
authors.affiliation: Schiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling Jesuit University, Wheeling, WV.
authors.forename: Mallory
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.affiliation: Schiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling Jesuit University, Wheeling, WV.
authors.forename: Wayne M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Wheeling Hospital, Wheeling, WV, USA.
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Adamovich
keywords: LDR; brachytherapy; diabetes mellitus; metformin; prostate cancer; seeds