title: Implementation of quantitative and systems pharmacology in large pharma.
abstract: Quantitative and systems pharmacology concepts and tools are the foundation of the model-informed drug development paradigm at Merck for integrating knowledge, enabling decisions, and enhancing submissions. Rigorous prioritization of modeling and simulation activities has enabled key drug development decisions and led to a high return on investment through significant cost avoidance. Critical factors for the successful implementation, examples on impact on decision making with associated return of investment, and drivers for continued success are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Quantitative Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Merck Research Labs, Merck & Co, Rahway, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: S A G
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.affiliation: Quantitative Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Merck Research Labs, Merck & Co, Rahway, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: de Alwis
authors.affiliation: Quantitive Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, MSD, Oss, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kerbusch
authors.affiliation: Quantitative Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Merck Research Labs, Merck & Co, Rahway, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.affiliation: Quantitative Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Merck Research Labs, Merck & Co, Rahway, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: S R B
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Allerheiligen