title: Bisphenol A exposure and associations with obesity among adults: a critical review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the literature on bisphenol A (BPA) exposure and obesity in human populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review of the literature via searches of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and reference lists for articles published to 1 August 2014.
  
  
  METHODS
  China, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Sweden, UK, USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults (≥ 18 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen articles were identified and included in the review. Twelve studies included secondary evaluations of BPA exposure and BMI, and six studies evaluated body composition as the primary outcome. All analyses were cross-sectional and no study included in the review received a positive quality rating (twelve negative, six neutral). Eight studies observed a statistically significant positive association between urinary or serum BPA levels and BMI, and ten studies observed no association. Studies where BMI was a primary outcome and studies of neutral quality were more likely to observe an association.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Study results are conflicting and significant methodological issues limit the ability to draw conclusions from these studies. Prospective studies that measure BPA exposure and changes in body weight and composition are needed to establish temporality, causality and the direction of any observed associations.
authors.affiliation: 1Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities,Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center,Georgetown University,1000 New Jersey Avenue SE,Washington,DC 20003,USA.
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Oppeneer
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Milken Institute School of Public Health,George Washington University,Washington,DC,USA.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Robien
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology*; D010636:Phenols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Bisphenol A; Environmental; Obesity