title: Dissociation of neural substrates of response inhibition to negative information between implicit and explicit facial Go/Nogo tasks: evidence from an electrophysiological study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although ample evidence suggests that emotion and response inhibition are interrelated at the behavioral and neural levels, neural substrates of response inhibition to negative facial information remain unclear. Thus we used event-related potential (ERP) methods to explore the effects of explicit and implicit facial expression processing in response inhibition.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used implicit (gender categorization) and explicit emotional Go/Nogo tasks (emotion categorization) in which neutral and sad faces were presented. Electrophysiological markers at the scalp and the voxel level were analyzed during the two tasks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We detected a task, emotion and trial type interaction effect in the Nogo-P3 stage. Larger Nogo-P3 amplitudes during sad conditions versus neutral conditions were detected with explicit tasks. However, the amplitude differences between the two conditions were not significant for implicit tasks. Source analyses on P3 component revealed that right inferior frontal junction (rIFJ) was involved during this stage. The current source density (CSD) of rIFJ was higher with sad conditions compared to neutral conditions for explicit tasks, rather than for implicit tasks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings indicated that response inhibition was modulated by sad facial information at the action inhibition stage when facial expressions were processed explicitly rather than implicitly. The rIFJ may be a key brain region in emotion regulation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Department of Medical Psychology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: Fengqiong
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Department of Medical Psychology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shiyue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carretié
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Department of Medical Psychology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Department of Medical Psychology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: Chunyan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social and affective Neuroscience, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Yuejia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Department of Medical Psychology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D004644:Emotions; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult