title: Synthesis, Molecular Modeling, and Biological Evaluation of Novel 1, 3-Diphenyl-2-propen-1-one Based Pyrazolines as Anti-inflammatory Agents.
abstract: A novel series of 1,3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-one (chalcone) derivatives was synthesized by a simple, eco-friendly, and efficient Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction and used as precursors for the synthesis of new pyrazoline derivatives. All the synthesized compounds were screened for anti-inflammatory related activities such as inhibition of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)), cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2), IL-6, and TNF-α. The results of the above studies show that the compounds synthesized are effective inhibitors of above pro-inflammatory enzymes and cytokines. Overall, the results of the studies reveal that the pyrazolines with chlorophenyl substitution (1b-6b) seem to be important for inhibition of enzymes and cytokines. Molecular docking experiments were performed to clarify the molecular aspects of the observed COX-inhibitory activities of the investigated compounds.
authors.affiliation: Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Syed Nasir Abbas
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Bukhari
authors.affiliation: Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jantan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Liang
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Muhammad Wahab
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Amjad
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Vidya Bharati Mahavidyalaya, Amravati, Maharashtra, 444 602, India.
authors.forename: Vijay H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Masand
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011720:Pyrazoles; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors
keywords: Claisen-Schmidt condensation; arachidonic acid; chalcones; flavonoids; lipopolysaccharides