title: Genetic association for caries susceptibility among cleft lip and/or palate individuals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association of the polymorphisms in the TGFB3 gene (rs2268626), and the BMP4 gene (rs17563) with dental caries in two different groups (noncleft group and oral cleft group) from a cleft center located at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 486 unrelated children and adolescents with or without caries were evaluated using a cohort design. Data on oral health habits was obtained through a questionnaire and caries data was collected by clinical examination. Genotyping of the selected polymorphisms for TGFB3 and BMP4 were carried out by real-time PCR using the TaqMan assay method from a genomic DNA isolated from buccal epithelial cells of all children and adolescents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No association was found between BMP4 polymorphism and caries among individuals from both groups. For TGFB3 polymorphism, significant differences were observed for allele and genotype frequencies between caries free and caries affected individuals in oral cleft group (p = 0.013 and 0.006 for allele and genotype frequencies respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings provide evidence suggesting that TGFB3 may be involved in caries susceptibility in oral cleft group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the future, the possibility of identifying genes related to caries susceptibility can lead to counseling of the individual that carries gene alterations, with the aim of working on preventive measures for caries as well as bioengineering treatments.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Specific Formation, School of Dentistry Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo Santos
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Antunes
authors.affiliation: Professor, Discipline of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Veiga de Almeida University, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patricia Nivoloni
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Tannure
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Specific Formation, School of Dentistry Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lívia Azeredo Alves
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Antunes
authors.affiliation: Undergraduate Student, Unit of Clinical Research, Fluminense Federal University Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Fernanda
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Castro
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Chairman, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cresus Vinicius Depes
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Gouvêa
authors.affiliation: Head and Associate Professor, Cell Therapy Center, Unit of Clinical Research Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Beni
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Olej
authors.affiliation: Head and Senior Researcher, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology Bioengineering Program, Cell Therapy Center Unit of Clinical Research, Fluminense Federal University Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jose Mauro
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Granjeiro
authors.affiliation: Postdoctrol, Cell Therapy Center, Unit of Clinical Research, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil e-mail: erikacalvano@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Erika Calvano
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Küchler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000235:genetics*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000235:genetics*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003596:Cytosine; D004245:DMF Index; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000235:genetics; D003733:Dental Caries Susceptibility / Q000235:genetics*; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D013941:Thymine; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3 / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C525809:BMP4 protein, human; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; C509044:TGFB3 protein, human; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3; D003596:Cytosine; D013941:Thymine