title: Fibrinogen concentrate improves survival during limited resuscitation of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock in a Swine model.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of fibrinogen concentrate, as a hemostatic agent, on limited resuscitation of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock. We use a swine model of hemorrhagic shock with free bleeding from a 4-mm aortic tear to test the effect of adding a one-time dose of fibrinogen concentrate given at the onset of limited fluid resuscitation. Immature female swine were anesthetized and subjected to catheter hemorrhage and aortic tear to induce uniform hemorrhagic shock. Animals (n = 7 per group) were then randomized to receive (i) no fluid resuscitation (neg control) or (ii) limited resuscitation in the form of two boluses of 10 mL/kg of 6% hydroxyethyl starch solution given 30 min apart (HEX group), or (iii) the same fluid regimen with one dose of 120-mg/kg fibrinogen concentrate given with the first hydroxyethyl starch bolus (FBG). Animals were then observed for a total of 6 h with aortic repair and aggressive resuscitation with shed blood taking place at 3 h. Survival to 6 h was significantly increased with FBG (7/8, 86%) versus HEX (2/7, 29%) and neg control (0/7, 0%) (FBG vs. HEX, Kaplan-Meier log-rank P = 0.035). Intraperitoneal blood loss adjusted for survival time was increased in HEX (0.4 mL/kg per minute) when compared with FBG (0.1 mg/kg per minute, P = 0.047) and neg control (0.1 mL/kg per minute, P = 0.041). Systemic and cerebral hemodynamics also showed improvement with FBG versus HEX. Fibrinogen concentrate may be a useful adjunct to decrease blood loss, improve hemodynamics, and prolong survival during limited resuscitation of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of *Emergency Medicine and †Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Nathan J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Conrad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liles
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stern
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000293:injuries; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006489:Hemostatic Techniques; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D034421:Sus scrofa
chemical_list: D006490:Hemostatics; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; D005340:Fibrinogen