title: Identifying decreased peristalsis of abnormal small bowel segments in Crohn's disease using cine MR enterography: the frozen bowel sign.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether affected bowel in Crohn's disease patients can be identified by observing decreased peristalsis (frozen bowel sign) using cine balanced steady-state free precession (cine BSSFP) images.
  
  
  METHODS
  5 radiologists independently reviewed cine BSSFP sequences from randomized MR Enterography (MRE) exams for 30 normal and 30 Crohn's disease patients, graded overall small bowel peristalsis from slowest to fastest, and graded peristalsis for the most abnormal small bowel segment. Sensitivity and specificity of the frozen bowel sign for diagnosing Crohn's disease were calculated. T tests of the peristalsis difference between abnormal segments and overall small bowel were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For 5 readers, the sensitivity and specificity of cine BSSFP of the frozen bowel sign for diagnosing Crohn's disease ranged from 70% to 100% and 87% to 100%, respectively. There were significant differences in peristalsis between abnormal small bowel segments and the overall small bowel for Crohn's patients, but not in the overall small bowel between normal-MRE patients and Crohn's disease patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abnormal Crohn's small bowel segments have significantly decreased peristalsis compared to normal small bowel, which can be identified using cine BSSFP sequences as the frozen bowel sign.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, 132 South 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA, flavius.guglielmo@jefferson.edu.
authors.forename: Flavius F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Guglielmo
authors.forename: Donald G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Patrick L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: O'Kane
authors.forename: Sandeep P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Deshmukh
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: Ilene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Burach
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dulka
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Parker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010528:Peristalsis / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult