title: Simultaneous immunostaining with anti-S100P and anti-SV40 antibodies revealed the origin of BK virus-infected decoy cells in voided urine samples.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Methods for determining the origin of BK virus (BKV)-infected cells (decoy cells) in clinical urine samples have not been established although they could enhance the diagnosis of BKV infection in immunocompromised patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed simultaneous immunostaining with anti-S100P (a urothelial marker) and anti-SV40 antibodies in 66 clinical urine samples exhibiting SV40 positivity and a decoy-cell appearance on Papanicolaou staining. The clinical voided urine samples included seven cases of renal transplantation, 47 cases of cancer therapy and 12 cases of non-neoplastic disease. SurePath(™) liquid-based cytology was used for the urine samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BKV-infected cells were categorized as SV40(+)/S100P(+) and SV40 (+)/S100p(-). SV40(+)/S100P(-) cells were found in 55 cases (83.4%); nine cases (13.6%) carried both SV40(+)/S100P(-) and SV40(+)/S100P(+) cells. The former were identified as BKV infection in renal tubules and the latter in both the renal tubules and urothelial epithelia. The remaining two cases (3.0%) had only SV40(+)/S100P(+) cells of urothelial origin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simultaneous immunostaining with anti-S100P and anti-SV40 is a useful method for determining the origin of BKV-infected cells in clinical urine samples from immunocompromised patients such as renal transplantation recipients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.|Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ariyasu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yanai
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Mastuyama, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shinno
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yamadori
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Technology, Kochi Gakuen College, Kochi, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D001739:BK Virus / Q000276:immunology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D027601:Polyomavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000652:urine* / Q000821:virology; D013539:Simian virus 40 / Q000276:immunology*; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000652:urine* / Q000821:virology; D014556:Urine / Q000821:virology*; D019459:Urothelium / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C103003:S100P protein, human
keywords: BK virus-infected cells; S100P; SV40; simultaneous immunostaining; urine cytology