title: Inflammatory response related scoring systems in assessing the prognosis of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Various scoring systems based on assessment of the systemic inflammatory response help assessing the prognosis of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. In the present systematic review we evaluated the validity of four pre-intervention scoring systems: Glasgow prognostic score (GPS) and its modified version (mGPS), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and prognostic nutrition index (PNI).
  
  
  METHODS
  MOOSE guidelines were followed and EMBASE and MEDLINE databases were searched for all published studies until September 2013 using comprehensive text word and MeSH terms. All identified studies were analyzed, and relevant studies were included in the systematic review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six studies were identified for GPS/mGPS with 3 reporting statistical significance for GPS/mGPS on both univariate analysis (UVA) and multivariate analysis (MVA). Two studies suggested prognostic significance on UVA but not MVA, and in the final study UVA failed to show significance. Eleven studies evaluated the prognostic value of NLR. Six of them reported prognostic significance for NLR on UVA that persisted at MVA in 4 studies, and in the remaining 2 studies NLR was the only significant factor on UVA. In the remaining 5 studies, all in patients undergoing resection, there was no significance on UVA. Seven studies evaluated PLR, with only one study demonstrated its prognostic significance on both UVA and MVA, the rest did not show the significance on UVA. Of the two studies identified for PNI, one demonstrated a statistically significant difference in survival on both UVA and MVA, and the other reported no significance for PNI on UVA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both GPS/mGPS and NLR may be useful but further better-designed studies are required to confirm their value. PLR might be little useful, and there are at present inadequate data to assess the prognostic value of PNI. At present, no scoring system is reliable enough to be accepted into routine use for the prognosis of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
authors.affiliation: HPB Surgery, Mater Hospital, Crumlin Road, Belfast, Antrim, BT14 6AB, UK. jawad.ahmad@hotmail.co.uk.
authors.forename: Jawad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Grimes
authors.forename: Shahid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Farid
authors.forename: Gareth
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Morris-Stiff
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D009504:Neutrophils; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*; D010976:Platelet Count; D011379:Prognosis; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D012709:Serum Albumin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein