title: The molecular pathology of noroviruses.
abstract: Norovirus infection in humans typically results in acute gastroenteritis but may also occur in many animal species. Noroviruses are recognized as one of the most common causes of acute gastroenteritis in the world, being responsible for almost 20% of all cases. Despite their prevalence and impact, our knowledge of the norovirus life cycle and the pathological processes associated with norovirus-induced disease is limited. Whilst infection of the intestine is the norm, extraintestinal spread and associated pathologies have also been described. In addition, long-term chronic infections are now recognized as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the immunocompromised. This review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge with respect to norovirus pathology and the underlying mechanisms that have been characterized to date.
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Karst
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Ian G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Goodfellow
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001706:Biopsy; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D005838:Genotype; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D029322:Norovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D057089:Pathology, Molecular / Q000379:methods*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D056189:Viral Tropism; D014773:Virology / Q000379:methods; D014774:Virulence
keywords: calicivirus; gastroenteritis; norovirus; vomiting