title: Comparing the effect of uniaxial cyclic mechanical stimulation and chemical factors on myogenin and Myh2 expression in mouse embryonic and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Environmental factors affect stem cell differentiation. In addition to chemical factors, mechanical signals have been suggested to enhance myogenic differentiation of stem cells. Therefore, this study was undertaken to illustrate and compare the effect of chemical and mechanical stimuli on Myogenin (MyoG) and Myosin heavy chani 2 (Myh2) expression of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  After isolation and expansion of BMSCs and generation of embryoid bodies and spontaneous differentiation of ESCs, cells were examined in 4 groups: (1) control group: untreated cells; (2) chemical group: cells incubated in myogenic medium (5-azacythidine and horse serum for BMSCs, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and horse serum for ESCs) for 5 days; (3) mechanical group: cells exposed to uniaxial cyclic strain (8%, 1 Hz, 24 h) and (4) chemical + mechanical group: cells incubated in myogenic medium for 4 days and then exposed to uniaxial cyclic strain. Real-time PCR was used to examine the expression of MyoG and Myh2 as specific myogenic markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  suggested that mechanical loading, as a single factor, could elevate MyoG and Myh2 expression. Combining chemical with mechanical factor increases expression and there was no significant difference in MyoG expression of ESCs- and MSCs-chemical + mechanical groups; however, Myh2 expression was significantly higher in ESCs-mechanical group than that in the same group of MSCs.
authors.forename: Norizadeh Abbariki
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Tannaz
authors.forename: Shokrgozar Mohammad
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Haghighipour
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nooshin
authors.forename: Aghdami
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nasser
authors.forename: Mahdian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reza
authors.forename: Amanzadeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amir
authors.forename: Jazayeri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maryam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018008:Myogenin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018008:Myogenin; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains