title: Polyelectrolyte complexes of poly[(2-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate]/chondroitin sulfate obtained at different pHs: I. Preparation, characterization, cytotoxicity and controlled release of chondroitin sulfate.
abstract: For the first time, polyelectrolyte complex based on poly[(2-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) was prepared. The properties of novel material and precursors were investigated by WAXS, FTIR, TGA, SEM and DLS analysis. The PDMAEMA/CS PECs presented hydrophilic-hydrophobic transition at pHs 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0 whereas the non-complexed PDMAEMA showed such a transition at pH 8.0 and not at pHs 6.0 and 7.0. Studies of CS release from PECs at pHs 6 and 8 confirmed that the samples possess the potential to release the CS in alkaline and not in acidic conditions. Since PECs are thermo-responsive due to the reduction of LCST caused by the increase in pH, the release of CS was dependent on temperature and pH factors. Cytotoxicity assays using healthy VERO cells showed that the complexation between CS and PDMAEMA increased the PECs' biocompatibility related to PDMAEMA. However, the biocompatibility depends on the amount of CS present in the PECs.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Materiais Poliméricos e Compósitos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá UEM, Av. Colombo 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Letícia C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Bonkovoski
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Materiais Poliméricos e Compósitos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá UEM, Av. Colombo 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil; Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Estrada para Boa Esperança, 85660-000 Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alessandro F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Polissol, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina UFSC, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ismael C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Bellettini
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica no Desenvolvimento de Fármacos e Cosméticos, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá UEM, Av. Colombo 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francielle P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica no Desenvolvimento de Fármacos e Cosméticos, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá UEM, Av. Colombo 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Celso V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Materiais Poliméricos e Compósitos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá UEM, Av. Colombo 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adley F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Rubira
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Materiais Poliméricos e Compósitos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá UEM, Av. Colombo 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: ecmuniz@uem.br.
authors.forename: Edvani C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Muniz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D004339:Drug Compounding; D065546:Drug Liberation; D004355:Drug Stability; D004573:Electrolytes; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D009757:Nylons / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D012995:Solubility; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D004573:Electrolytes; D008689:Methacrylates; D009757:Nylons; C407037:poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate); D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates
keywords: Chondroitin sulfate; Cytotoxicity; Poly[(2-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate]; Polyelectrolyte complexes; release