title: Comparison and evaluation of mitotic figures in oral epithelial dysplasia using crystal violet and Feulgen stain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Routine staining procedures often pose a problem in differentiating a mitotic cell from an apoptotic cell, deteriorating the reliability of histology grading. Although various new methods have been recommended for identifying mitotic figures (MFs) in tissues, the time factor and cost makes them less feasible. Thus, an attempt was made to evaluate the efficacy of crystal violet and Feulgen reaction in identifying MFs and also to see for any variation in the number of MFs in various grades of Epithelial dysplasia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  1. Using crystal violet and Feulgen stain in the identification and counting of MFs on diagnosed cases of epithelial dysplasia and thereby to evaluate their efficacy. 2. To evaluate the variation in the number of MFs in various grades of epithelial dysplasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study sample includes retrieval of 30 formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections diagnosed for different grades of epithelial dysplasia (WHO grading system, 2005) from the archives, Department of Oral Pathology, MSRDC, Bengaluru. Ten tissue sections each of mild, moderate and severe epithelial dysplasia were stained with H&E, Feulgen and 1% crystal violet stains and the number of MFs were counted. Five cases of cervical carcinoma were taken as control. Stained sections were compared, and data obtained was statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant increase in the number of MFs (p = 0.02) was observed in Feulgen stained sections as compared to H&E stain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Feulgen stain can be considered as a simple, reliable, cost-effective and reproducible method of staining MFs.
authors.affiliation: Professor and Head, Department of Oral Pathology, MS Ramaiah Dental College Bengaluru, Karnataka, India e-mail: sbpatil1612@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Roopa S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Shankargouda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.affiliation: Postgradute Student, Department of Oral Pathology, MS Ramaiah Dental College Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Anveeta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D002452:Cell Count; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004396:Coloring Agents; D004848:Epithelium / Q000473:pathology; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005840:Gentian Violet; D006801:Humans; D008938:Mitosis / Q000502:physiology*; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000473:pathology*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009685:Nuclear Envelope / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000473:pathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; C007722:Feulgen stain; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D005840:Gentian Violet