title: Impact of passive smoking, cooking with solid fuel exposure, and MBL/MASP-2 gene polymorphism upon susceptibility to tuberculosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To explore the impact of passive smoking, cooking with solid fuel, mannose-binding lectin (MBL) gene, MBL-associated serine proteases 2 (MASP-2) gene, and gene-environment interactions on the susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) in non-smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 205 TB patients and 216 healthy controls were recruited to participate in this case-control study. PCR with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) technology was leveraged to genotype rs7096206 of MBL genes and rs2273346 and rs6695096 of MASP-2 genes. Demographic data and information on exposures of participants were collected. Unconditioned logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify associations between the various factors and TB, and marginal structural linear odds models were used to estimate the interactions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Passive smoking and cooking with solid fuel were associated with the risk of TB, with odds ratios (OR) of 1.58 and 2.93, respectively (p<0.05). Genotype CG at rs7096206 of MBL genes (OR 2.02) and genotype TC at rs6695096 of MASP-2 genes (OR 1.67) were more prevalent in the TB patients than in healthy controls (p<0.05). The relative excess risk of interaction (RERI) between rs7096206 of MBL genes and passive smoking or cooking with solid fuel exposure was 1.86 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59-3.16) and 2.66 (95% CI 1.85-3.47), respectively. The RERI between rs6695096 of MASP-2 genes and cooking with solid fuel exposure was 3.70 (95% CI 2.63-4.78), which was also a positive interaction. However, the RERI between rs6695096 of MASP-2 genes and passive smoking was not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Passive smoking, cooking with solid fuel, and polymorphisms of MBL (rs7096206) and MASP-2 (rs6695096) genes were associated with susceptibility to TB in non-smokers, and there were gene-environment interactions among them. Further studies are needed to explore details of the mechanisms of association.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
authors.forename: Mengshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Yueyanglou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yueyang, Hunan, PR China.
authors.forename: Congxu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China.
authors.forename: Mian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China.
authors.forename: Benjamin Kwaku
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Abuaku
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China.
authors.forename: ShiMin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China. Electronic address: tanhz99@qq.com.
authors.forename: Hongzhuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Shi Wu
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Wen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003296:Cooking; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D037601:Mannose-Binding Lectin / Q000235:genetics*; D050606:Mannose-Binding Protein-Associated Serine Proteases / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D037601:Mannose-Binding Lectin; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; C105296:MASP2 protein, human; D050606:Mannose-Binding Protein-Associated Serine Proteases
keywords: Cooking with solid fuel; Gene–environment interaction; MASP-2; MBL; Passive smoking; Tuberculosis