title: Evaluation of depression and self-esteem in children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis: A controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is very common and is one of the most common causes for patients to be admitted to urology, pediatrics, child psychiatry and child surgery departments. We aimed to investigate the effect on depression and self-esteem of this disorder that can cause problems on person's social development and human relations.
  
  
  METHODS
  90 patients who were admitted to our clinic with complaints of nocturnal enuresis were enrolled. Investigations to rule out organic causes were performed in this group of patients. Out of them 38 children and adolescents (age range 8-18 years) with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) agreed to participate in the study In the same period 46 healthy children and adolescents with a similar age range without bed wetting complaint were included in the study as a control group. The age of the family, educational and socioeconomic level were questioned and Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (PHCSCS) and Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) forms were filled out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of the cases (18 females or 47.4% and 20 males or 52.6%) was 10.76 ± 3.82 years whereas mean age of controls (26 females or 56.5% and 20 males or 43.5%) was 10.89 ± 3.11 years. Depression scale was significantly higher (p = 0.001) in the case group than in the control group (10.42 ± 4.31 vs 7.09 ± 4.35). In both groups there was no statistically significant difference by age and sex in terms of depression scale (p &gt; 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NE is widely seen as in the community and is a source of stresses either for children and for their families. When patients were admitted to physicians for treatment, a multidisciplinary approach should be offered and the necessary psychological support should be provided jointly by child psychiatrists and psychologists.
authors.affiliation: Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul. drorhankoca@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Koca
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akyüz
authors.forename: Bilal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Karaman
authors.forename: Zeynep Yesim
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Ozcan
authors.forename: Metin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oztürk
authors.forename: Zülfü
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sertkaya
authors.forename: Muhammet Ihsan
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Karaman