title: Development of the ethmoid in Caluromys philander (Didelphidae, Marsupialia) with a discussion on the homology of the turbinal elements in marsupials.
abstract: Homology of turbinals, or scroll bones, of the mammalian ethmoid bone is poorly known and complicated by a varied terminology. Positionally, there are two main types of ossified adult turbinals known as endoturbinals and ectoturbinals, and their cartilaginous precursors are called ethmoturbinals and frontoturbinals, respectively. Endoturbinals are considered to be serially homologous due to similarity in their developmental patterns. Consequently, endoturbinals from mammals with differing numbers of elements cannot be individually homogenized. In this study, the development of the ethmoid of Caluromys philander, the bare-tailed woolly opossum, is described based on serial sections of six pouchlings ranging in age from 20 to 84 days postnatal (PND-84), and computed tomography images of an adult skull. I found that four ethmoturbinals initially develop as seen in PND-20 and PND-30 individuals but by PND-64 an interturbinal (corresponding to endoturbinal III in adults) is present between ethmoturbinals II and III. This developmental pattern is identical to that of Monodelphis domestica, the gray short-tailed opossum, and is probably also present in the marsupials Didelphis marsupialis, and Thylacinus cynocephalus based on work of previous authors. These data suggest that endoturbinal III has a developmental pattern that differs from other endoturbinals, and the name interturbinal should be retained for the adult structure in recognition of this difference. These results may prove useful for homologizing this individual turbinal element across marsupials, the majority of which have five endoturbinals as adults. This might also explain the presumed placental ancestral condition of four endoturbinals if the marsupial interturbinal is lost.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, St. Mary's University, San Antonio, Texas.
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Macrini
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D005004:Ethmoid Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D005005:Ethmoid Sinus / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development*; D008394:Marsupialia / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development*; D009893:Opossums / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development*; D010802:Phylogeny
keywords: Mammalia; ethmoid; skull development; turbinal; turbinate