title: Risk factors of delayed gastric emptying following pancreaticoduodenectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aims to explore the morbidity and risk factors of delayed gastric emptying (DGE) following pancreaticoduodenectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2013, data from 196 consecutive patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy in the Chinese PLA General Hospital were recorded retrospectively. A total of 17 factors were examined with univariate analysis, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate relative risks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DGE occurred in 71 patients (36.2%). The incidence rates of grade A, grade B and grade C DGE were 22.4% (44/196), 6.1% (12/196) and 7.7% (15/196), respectively. There were three post-operative deaths for the entire series, with an overall mortality rate of 1.5%. Braun enteroenterostomy, clinically relevant post-operative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) and intra-abdominal collection correlated with DGE rates significantly in univariate analysis, whereas CR-POPF and intra-abdominal collection were independent risk factors in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Body mass index ≥25 kg/m(2) , CR-POPF and intra-abdominal collection correlated with clinically relevant DGE rates significantly and were independent risk factors in univariate analysis and multivariate regression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only post-operative complications instead of operative methods were associated with DGE. Early diagnosis and timely treatment for pancreatic fistula and intra-abdominal collection were helpful to decrease morbidity and promote recovery of DGE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 1st People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Qi-Yu
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 1st People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Tian
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Zhi
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shou-Wang
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shi-Chun
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D018589:Gastroparesis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010185:Pancreatic Fistula / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D016577:Pancreaticoduodenectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011708:Pylorus / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: complication; delayed gastric emptying; pancreatic fistula; pancreaticoduodenectomy; pylorus