title: Medicinal plants used for respiratory affections in Navarra and their pharmacological validation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This paper provides important ethnopharmacological information on plants used in respiratory affections in Navarra.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information was collected using semi-structured ethnobotanical interviews with 667 informants in 265 locations. In order to confirm the pharmacological validation of the uses claimed by the informants, monographs from Official International Agencies (ESCOP, Commission E, WHO and EMA) were reviewed. A literature review was conducted focusing on the plants that were widely used but had no published monograph.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 456 pharmaceutical uses was reported, for 79 plants and 34 families, mainly represented by Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Rosaceae, Crassulaceae and Malvaceae. The most frequently used parts were the aerial parts followed by inflorescences and leaves. Twenty-two out of 79 plants (28%) and 270 of 456 uses (42%), had already been pharmacologically validated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors propose Verbena officinalis for validation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain. Electronic address: rcavero@unav.es.
authors.forename: R Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Cavero
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Calvo
mesh_terms: D003625:Data Collection; D020834:Ethnopharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D028321:Plant Preparations
keywords: Ethnopharmacology; Navarra; Respiratory; Traditional knowledge; Validation