title: Microbial diversity similarities in periodontal pockets and atheromatous plaques of cardiovascular disease patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The immune and infectious alterations occurring in periodontitis have been shown to alter the development and severity of cardiovascular disease. One of these relationships is the translocation of oral bacteria to atheroma plaques, thereby promoting plaque development. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess, by 16s cloning and sequencing, the microbial diversity of the subgingival environment and atheroma plaques of patients concomitantly suffering from periodontitis and obstructive coronary artery atherosclerosis (OCAA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Subgingival biofilm and coronary balloons used in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty were collected from 18 subjects presenting with generalized moderate to severe periodontitis and OCAA. DNA was extracted and the gene 16S was amplified, cloned and sequenced.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences in microbial diversity were observed between both environments. While subgingival samples mostly contained the phylum Firmicutes, in coronary balloons, Proteobacteria (p<0.05) was predominant. In addition, the most commonly detected genera in coronary balloons were Acinetobacter, Alloprevotella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Sphingomonas and Moraxella, while in subgingival samples Porphyromonas, Filifactor, Veillonella, Aggregatibacter and Treponema (p<0.05) were found. Interestingly, 17 identical phylotypes were found in atheroma and subgingival samples, indicating possible bacterial translocation between periodontal pockets and coronary arteries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Periodontal pockets and atheromatous plaques of cardiovascular disease patients can present similarities in the microbial diversity.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Piauí, Piauí, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wagner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Serra e Silva Filho
authors.affiliation: Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renato C V
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Casarin
authors.affiliation: Center of Hemodynamics, Emcor, Piracicaba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Nicolela
authors.affiliation: Center of Hemodynamics, Emcor, Piracicaba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Humberto M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Passos
authors.affiliation: Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antônio W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Sallum
authors.affiliation: Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Bucale, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Reginaldo B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D044822:Biodiversity; D018441:Biofilms; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial