title: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein and upregulated expression of osteonectin and bone sialoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidative stress has been associated with the progression of atherosclerosis and activation of genes that lead to increased deposition of proteins in the extracellular matrix. Bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteonectin are proteins involved in the initiation and progression of vascular calcification.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of oxidized low-density lipoprotein on osteonectin and BSP expression in human aorta vascular smooth muscle cells (HA/VSMCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  We treated HA/VSMCs with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and measured the relative expression of osteonectin and BSP genes using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. We investigated the protein levels produced by each gene using the western blotting technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  oxLDL increased osteonectin and BSP levels (mean [SD], 9.1 [2.1]-fold and 4.2 [0.75]-fold, respectively) after 48 hours. The western blotting results also confirmed the increased levels of osteonectin and BSP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  oxLDL may enhance vascular calcification by promoting the expression of osteonectin and BSP.
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Research Center and.
authors.forename: Effat
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Farrokhi
authors.affiliation: Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran ghatreh_k@skums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Keihan Ghatreh
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Samani
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Research Center and.
authors.forename: Morteza Hashemzadeh
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chaleshtori
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D058574:Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein / Q000378:metabolism*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015676:Osteonectin / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D058574:Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D015676:Osteonectin; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein
keywords: atherosclerosis; bone sialoprotein; osteonectin; oxidized low-density lipoprotein; smooth muscle cells; vascular calcification