title: The impact of x-ray tube configuration on the eye lens and extremity doses received by cardiologists in electrophysiology room.
abstract: The aim of the study was to analyse the influence of the x-ray tube configuration on the radiation doses to eye lens and extremities of cardiologists performing pacemaker implantation procedures in electrophysiology laboratory. The measurements were performed on one, widely used, portable C-arm system, first with x-ray tube mounted above the patient table and image intensifier below it and then on a reinstalled (but essentially the same) system with under-table x-ray tube configuration. Thermoluminescent dosimeters, placed in various positions near the eye lens, on the hands and ankle, were used during every procedure. The comparison of doses received by cardiologists after changing the x-ray tube configuration from over- to under-table shows statistically significant dose reduction (p < 0.009) for the eye lens closest to the x-ray tube, left finger, left wrist, while for the ankle a dose increase is observed. The corresponding over- to under-table x-ray tube median dose ratios are 4.1 for the right eye, 4.8 for the left finger, 3.0 for left wrist and, finally, 0.13 for the right ankle. Systems with under-table x-ray tube are preferable from a radiation protection point of view. The observed significant increase in doses to the legs should be partially compensated by the use of a protective lead curtain.
authors.affiliation: Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Radiation Protection Department, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Domienik
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bissinger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zmyślony
mesh_terms: D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; D005121:Extremities; D006801:Humans; D007908:Lens, Crystalline; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D011044:Poland; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D013819:Thermoluminescent Dosimetry / Q000379:methods*; D014965:X-Rays