title: Loading and composite restoration assessment of various non-carious cervical lesions morphologies - 3D finite element analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study analysed the effects of different occlusal loading on premolars displaying various non-carious cervical lesions morphologies, restored (or not) with composites, by 3D finite element analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A three-dimensional digital model of a maxillary premolar was generated using CAD software. Three non-carious cervical lesions morphological types were simulated: wedged-shaped, saucer and mixed. All virtual models underwent three loading types (100 N): vertical, buccal and palatal loading. The simulated non-carious cervical lesions morphologies were analysed with and without restorations to consider specific regions, such as the occlusal and gingival walls as well as the depth of the lesions. Data summarizing the stress distribution were obtained in MPa using Maximum Principal Stress.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Palatal loads were responsible for providing the highest values of accumulated tensile stress on the buccal wall; 27.66 MPa and 25.76 MPa for mixed and wedged-shaped morphologies, respectively. The highest tensile values found on non-carious cervical lesions morphologies restored with composite resin were 5.9 MPa in the mixed morphology, similar to those found on sound models despite their morphologies and occlusal loading.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The various non-carious cervical lesions morphologies had little effect on stress distribution patterns, whereas the loading type and presence of composite restorations influenced the biomechanical behaviour of the maxillary premolars.
authors.affiliation: NCCL Research Group, Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials Department, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: NCCL Research Group, Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials Department, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: NCCL Research Group, Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials Department, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Zeola
authors.affiliation: NCCL Research Group, Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials Department, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: NCCL Research Group, Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials Department, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Galvão
authors.affiliation: NCCL Research Group, Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials Department, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Montes
authors.affiliation: NCCL Research Group, Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials Department, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: NCCL Research Group, Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials Department, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Shaftsbury Medical Building, Shaftsbury, Vermont, USA.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Western New England University, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Grippo
mesh_terms: D001641:Bicuspid / Q000503:physiopathology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001732:Bite Force; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000379:methods; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008437:Maxilla; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D008954:Models, Biological; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013718:Tensile Strength; D019237:Tooth Cervix / Q000503:physiopathology*; D057085:Tooth Wear / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014584:User-Computer Interface
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins
keywords: Biomechanical behaviour; composite restorations; finite element analysis; non-carious cervical lesions; premolar teeth