title: Antimicrobial effect of lemongrass oil against oral malodour micro-organisms and the pilot study of safety and efficacy of lemongrass mouthrinse on oral malodour.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lemongrass oil (LG) has been reported as being effective against bacteria embedded within the biofilm. The aims of this study were to investigate antimicrobial activity against common odourigenic micro-organisms, the safety and efficacy of LG mouthrinse on oral malodour in healthy volunteers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Antimicrobial activity of LG mouthrinse was examined against common odourigenic micro-organisms using broth microdilution assay and the disc diffusion method. A randomised double-blind clinical study was performed in 20 healthy volunteers. Volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) level was measured using a Halimeter on day 0 and day 8 in each volunteer. The results showed that LG mouthrinse was effective against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ATCC43718 and Porphyromonas gingivalis W50 but less effective against Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. In addition, the mouthrinse significantly reduced VSCs on day 8.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LG mouthrinse was able to reduce oral malodour and appeared to be safe. The overall satisfaction of the mouthrinse was acceptable. However, the spiciness and taste of the mouthrinse need to be improved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that the LG mouthrinse significantly reduced oral malodour. This mouthrinse would be another alternative mouthrinse choice for prevention of malodour, plaque and gingivitis.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Satthanakul
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taweechaisupapong
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paphangkorakit
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pesee
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Timabut
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Khunkitti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000187:drug effects; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006209:Halitosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000187:drug effects; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects; D013729:Terpenes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009067:Mouthwashes; D010938:Plant Oils; D013729:Terpenes; C052901:lemongrass oil
keywords: antimicrobial activity; lemongrass; mouthrinse; odourigenic micro-organisms; oral malodour