title: Bioaccumulation and trophic dilution of human pharmaceuticals across trophic positions of an effluent-dependent wadeable stream.
abstract: Though pharmaceuticals are increasingly observed in a variety of organisms from coastal and inland aquatic systems, trophic transfer of pharmaceuticals in aquatic food webs have not been reported. In this study, bioaccumulation of select pharmaceuticals was investigated in a lower order effluent-dependent stream in central Texas, USA, using isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (MS). A fish plasma model, initially developed from laboratory studies, was tested to examine observed versus predicted internal dose of select pharmaceuticals. Pharmaceuticals accumulated to higher concentrations in invertebrates relative to fish; elevated concentrations of the antidepressant sertraline and its primary metabolite desmethylsertraline were observed in the Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea, and two unionid mussel species. Trophic positions were determined from stable isotopes (δ(15)N and δ(13)C) collected by isotope ratio-MS; a Bayesian mixing model was then used to estimate diet contributions towards top fish predators. Because diphenhydramine and carbamazepine were the only target compounds detected in all species examined, trophic magnification factors (TMFs) were derived to evaluate potential trophic transfer of both compounds. TMFs for diphenhydramine (0.38) and carbamazepine (1.17) indicated neither compound experienced trophic magnification, which suggests that inhalational and not dietary exposure represented the primary route of uptake by fish in this effluent-dependent stream.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA The Institute of Ecological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
authors.forename: Bowen
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
authors.forename: Samuel P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1K 3M4.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luek
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA The Institute of Ecological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
authors.forename: W Casan
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
authors.forename: Gavin N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Saari
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Kristofco
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
authors.forename: Kristin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Connors
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rash
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1K 3M4.
authors.forename: Joseph B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA The Institute of Ecological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
authors.forename: C Kevin
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chambliss
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA The Institute of Ecological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA bryan_brooks@baylor.edu.
authors.forename: Bryan W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Brooks
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000187:drug effects; D005399:Fishes / Q000502:physiology*; D020387:Food Chain; D006801:Humans; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D045483:Rivers; D013781:Texas; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: aquatic food webs; bioconcentration; contaminants of emerging concern; instream flow; trophic transfer; urban ecosystems