title: Enzymatic synthesis of poly(catechin)-antibiotic conjugates: an antimicrobial approach for indwelling catheters.
abstract: Biofilm formation in urinary indwelling catheters is one of the most critical issues that patients face. Catheters were coated with poly(catechin)-antibiotic conjugates with enhanced antimicrobial properties. Catechin was conjugated with two antibiotics, namely trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) via activation with N,N'-disuccinimidyl carbonate (DSC) and subsequent coupling to molecules containing α-amine moieties. Silicone and polyurethane catheters were functionalized in situ through laccase oxidation of catechin-antibiotic conjugates. Four antimicrobial coatings were produced, namely with poly(catechin), poly(catechin)-TMP, poly(catechin)-SMZ and poly(catechin)-TMP-SMZ. The bacterial adhesion reduction was tested on the functionalized devices using gram-negative and gram-positive strains. The most significant reduction in adhesion was observed with poly(catechin)-TMP (gram-negative -85 % and gram-positive -87 %) and with poly(catechin)-TMP-SMZ (gram-negative -85 % and gram-positive -91 %). The cytotoxicity to mammalian cells was tested by indirect contact for 5 days and revealed that all the tested coatings supported more than 90 % of viable cells. A promising approach for the increase of the indwelling catheter lifespan was developed aiming to reduce catheter-associated chronic infections.
authors.affiliation: CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Idalina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: Ana S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Abreu
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matamá
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Andreia C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cavaco-Paulo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002392:Catechin / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D042845:Laccase / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D012828:Silicones / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D014295:Trimethoprim / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D011140:Polyurethanes; D012828:Silicones; D002392:Catechin; D014295:Trimethoprim; D042845:Laccase; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole