title: Transcutaneous oximetry: normal values for the lower limb.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current guidelines for transcutaneous oximetry measurement (TCOM) for the lower limb define tissue hypoxia as a transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure < 40 mmHg. Values obtained with some newer machines and current research bring these reference values into question.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine 'normal' TCOM values for the lower limb in healthy, non-smoking adults using the TCM400 oximeter with tc Sensor E5250.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two healthy, non-smoking volunteers had TCOM performed at six positions on the lower leg and foot. Measurements were taken with subjects lying supine breathing air, then with leg elevated and whilst breathing 100 % oxygen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Room-air TCOM values (mean mmHg, 95 % confidence interval (CI) ) were: lateral leg 41.3, CI 37.8 to 44.7; lateral malleolus 38.6, CI 34.1 to 43.1; medial malleolus 43.9, CI 40.2 to 47.6; dorsum, between first and second toe 39.3, CI 35.9 to 42.7; dorsum, proximal to fifth metatarsal-phalangeal joint 46.4, CI 43.4 to 49.3; plantar 52.3, CI 49.6 to 55.1. Using the currently accepted value of less than 40 mmHg for tissue hypoxia, 24 of our 32 'healthy' subjects had at least one air sensor reading that would have been classified as hypoxic. Seventeen subjects had TCOM values less than 100 mmHg when breathing 100 % normobaric oxygen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Normal lower limb TCOM readings using the TCOM400 with tc Sensor E5250 may be lower than 40 mmHg, used to define tissue hypoxia, but consistent with the wide range of values found in the literature. Because of the wide variability in TCOM at the different sensor sites we cannot recommend one TCOM value as indicative of tissue hypoxia. A thorough clinical assessment of the patient is essential to establish appropriateness for hyperbaric oxygen treatment, with TCOM used as an aid to help guide this decision, but not as an absolute diagnostic tool.
authors.affiliation: Emergency Department, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, IMB 23, Emergency Department, 100 Angus Smith Drive, The Townsville Hospital, Douglas, Queensland, Australia, 4814, Phone: +61-(0)7-4433-1111, Fax: +61-(0)7-4433-2901, E-mail: drsblakeinoz@bigpond.com.
authors.forename: Denise F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.affiliation: Hyperbaric Medicine Unit, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville.
authors.forename: Derelle A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Mount Isa Centre for Rural and Remote Health, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Molecular Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville.
authors.forename: Lawrence H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001785:Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056888:Patient Positioning; D012016:Reference Values; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Transcutaneous oximetry; hyperbaric oxygen therapy; patient monitoring; standards; wounds