title: Problems associated with alloplastic materials in rhinoplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Augmentation rhinoplasty using alloplastic materials is a relatively common procedure among Asians. Silicon, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-tex®), and porous high density polyethylene (Medpor®) are most frequently used materials. This study was conducted to analyze revisional rhinoplasty cases with alloplastic materials, and to investigate the usage of alloplastic materials and their complications. We also reviewed complications caused by various materials used in plastic surgery while operating rhinoplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report 581 cases of complications rhinoplasty with alloplastic implants and review of the literature available to offer plastic surgeons an overview on alloplastic implant-related complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among a total 581 revisional rhinoplasty cases reviewed, the alloplastic materials used were silicone implants in 376, Gore-tex® in 183, and Medpor® in 22 cases. Revision cases and complications differed according to each alloplastic implant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Optimal alloplastic implants should be used in nasal structure by taking into account the properties of the materials for the goal of minimizing their complications and revision rates. A thorough understanding of the mechanism involved in alloplastic material interaction and wound healing is the top priority in successfully overcoming alloplastic-related complications.
authors.affiliation: Nose Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Clinic, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: I & Co Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Clinic, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Su-Sung
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dong-A University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Myung-Hoon
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dong-A University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Su
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dong-A University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Seok-Kwun
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dong-A University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea. pokdungi@dau.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Keun-Cheol
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D020959:Polyethylene; D011095:Polyethylenes; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D012828:Silicones; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C084562:Medpor; D011095:Polyethylenes; D012828:Silicones; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D020959:Polyethylene
keywords: Rhinoplasty; implant; postoperative complications