title: Worries surrounding the first ultrasound do not bias the screening for depressive and anxiety symptoms during pregnancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antenatal screening for depressive/anxiety symptoms could be biased by worries surrounding the first ultrasound (US). Therefore, we examined the potential influence of worries surrounding the first US on systematic screening for depressive/anxiety symptoms during pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We obtained data from 573 women screened consecutively in midwifery practices and hospitals in the Netherlands. Data included the Edinburgh Depression Scale (EDS), having had an US, and its perceived influence on women's worries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 18% had EDS scores ≥10 (n = 105). Among 392 women who underwent an US, currently existing worries, introduced or unaltered by the US, predicted depressive/anxiety symptoms (aOR: 3.41, P < 0.001). Among 181 women who did not undergo an US, expected continuation of existing worries after the US predicted depressive/anxiety symptoms (aOR: 18.84, P = 0.046), in contrast to worries which were expected to subside.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our cohort, depressive and/or anxiety symptoms were not associated with transient worries, reduced by a first US, suggesting no bias. If true, antenatal screening for anxiety/depressive symptoms should not depend on the timing of this US examination.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Quispel
authors.forename: Gouke J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Bonsel
authors.forename: Witte J G
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hoogendijk
authors.forename: Mijke P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Lambregtse-van den Berg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D015982:Bias; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: anxiety; depression; pregnancy; screening; timing; ultrasonography