title: Continuous zoom calibration by tracking salient points in endoscopic video.
abstract: Many image-based systems for aiding the surgeon during minimally invasive surgery require the endoscopic camera to be calibrated at all times. This article proposes a method for accomplishing this goal whenever the camera has optical zoom and the focal length changes during the procedure. Our solution for online calibration builds on recent developments in tracking salient points using differential image alignment, is well suited for continuous operation, and makes no assumptions about the camera motion or scene rigidity. Experimental validation using both a phantom model and in vivo data shows that the method enables accurate estimation of focal length when the zoom varies, avoiding the need to explicitly recalibrate during surgery. To the best of our knowledge this the first work proposing a practical solution for online zoom calibration in the operation room.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lourenço
authors.forename: João P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Barreto
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.forename: Hélder
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Rui M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Correia-Pinto
mesh_terms: D059925:Anatomic Landmarks / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D000818:Animals; D002138:Calibration; D015907:Hysteroscopy / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D018715:Microscopy, Video / Q000379:methods*; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011174:Portugal; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013552:Swine; D014741:Video Recording / Q000379:methods*