title: Artemisia pallens alleviates acetaminophen induced toxicity via modulation of endogenous biomarkers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acetaminophen (APAP) leads to severe hepatic and renal necrosis and thus causes significant clinical problems. Artemisia pallens Walls ex D.C. (Asteraceae) possesses various pharmacological properties such as antidiabetic, antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to evaluate the protective effects of Artemisia pallens methanol extract (APME) in APAP-induced hepatic and nephro-toxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The methanolic extract of aerial parts of Artemisia pallens (APME) was prepared. Toxicity was induced in male Wistar rats (180-220 g) by administration of APAP (700 mg/kg, p.o., 14 d). APME (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered to rats 2 h before APAP oral administration. Various biochemical and molecular parameters along with histopathological aberration were studied in the kidney and liver of rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretreatment with APME (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) decreased aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine as compared with APAP-treated rat. Decreased level of serum albumin, serum uric acid, and HDL were significantly (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) restored by APME (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) pre-treatment. Administration of APME (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) reduced the elevated level of cholesterol, LDL, LDH, triglyceride, and VLDL. It also significantly (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) restored the altered level of hepatic and renal antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH)). The increased level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in hepatic as well as renal tissue was significantly (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) decreased by APME (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) administration. Histological alternation induced by APAP in liver and kidney was also reduced by the APME (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) pre-treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that the methanol extract of Artemisia pallens alleviates APAP induced in rats toxicity through its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory actions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Post Graduate Research Centre, MES, Abasaheb Garware College , Pune, Maharashtra , India .
authors.forename: Varsha
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Honmore
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kandhare
authors.forename: Anand A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Zanwar
authors.forename: Supada
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rojatkar
authors.forename: Subhash
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bodhankar
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Natu
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000633:toxicity*; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D019306:Artemisia / Q000737:chemistry*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D015415:Biomarkers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000082:Acetaminophen
keywords: Hepatotoxicity; nephrotoxicity; nitric oxide; oxidative stress