title: The evolving block universe and the meshing together of times.
abstract: It has been proposed that spacetime should be regarded as an evolving block universe, bounded to the future by the present time, which continually extends to the future. This future boundary is defined at each time by measuring proper time along Ricci eigenlines from the start of the universe. A key point, then, is that physical reality can be represented at many different scales: hence, the passage of time may be seen as different at different scales, with quantum gravity determining the evolution of spacetime itself at the Planck scale, but quantum field theory and classical physics determining the evolution of events within spacetime at larger scales. The fundamental issue then arises as to how the effective times at different scales mesh together, leading to the concepts of global and local times.
authors.affiliation: Mathematics Department, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: George F R
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Ellis
mesh_terms: D005075:Biological Evolution; D005118:Extraterrestrial Environment; D006801:Humans; D010825:Physics / Q000379:methods; D011789:Quantum Theory; D013995:Time
keywords: arrow of time; block universe; chronology protection; flow of time; spacetime