title: Emerging treatment strategies for glioblastoma multiforme.
abstract: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the deadliest form of brain tumor with a more than 90% 5-year mortality. GBM has a paltry median survival of 12.6 months attributed to the unique treatment limitations such as the high average age of onset, tumor location, and poor current understandings of the tumor pathophysiology. The resection techniques, chemotherapic strategies, and radiation therapy currently used to treat GBM have slowly evolved, but the improvements have not translated to marked increases in patient survival. Here, we will discuss the recent progress in our understanding of GBM pathophysiology, and the diagnostic techniques and treatment options. The discussion will include biomarkers, tumor imaging, novel therapies such as monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors, and the heterogeneity resulting from the GBM cancer stem cell population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Therapeutic Innovation University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Steven K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Therapeutic Innovation University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Shaun P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Brothers
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Therapeutic Innovation University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA cwahlestedt@med.miami.edu.
authors.forename: Claes
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wahlestedt
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000639:trends; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods
keywords: biomarkers; brain imaging; cancer stem cells; epigenetics; glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)