title: NOD-like receptor cooperativity in effector-triggered immunity.
abstract: Intracellular nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are basic elements of innate immunity in plants and animals. Whereas animal NLRs react to conserved microbe- or damage-associated molecular patterns, plant NLRs intercept the actions of diverse pathogen virulence factors (effectors). In this review, we discuss recent genetic and molecular evidence for functional NLR pairs, and discuss the significance of NLR self-association and heteromeric NLR assemblies in the triggering of downstream signaling pathways. We highlight the versatility and impact of cooperating NLR pairs that combine pathogen sensing with the initiation of defense signaling in both plant and animal immunity. We propose that different NLR receptor molecular configurations provide opportunities for fine-tuning resistance pathways and enhancing the host's pathogen recognition spectrum to keep pace with rapidly evolving microbial populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Griebel
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Takaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maekawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany. Electronic address: parker@mpipz.mpg.de.
authors.forename: Jane E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Parker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity / Q000502:physiology*; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D053472:Nod Signaling Adaptor Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010944:Plants / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D053472:Nod Signaling Adaptor Proteins
keywords: NLR pairs; innate immunity; plant defense; transcriptional reprogramming