title: Suicidal thoughts and reasons for living in hospitalized patients with severe depression: post-hoc analyses of a double-blind randomized trial of duloxetine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate suicidal thoughts in relationship to depressive symptom severity and reasons for living in patients hospitalized for major depressive disorder (MDD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A post hoc analysis was conducted of a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial involving hospitalized patients with MDD (DSM-IV criteria) who received duloxetine 60 mg once daily or duloxetine 60 mg twice daily for 8 weeks. After 4 weeks, the dose for nonresponders receiving 60 mg once daily could be increased to 60 mg twice daily (double-blind). The study was conducted between February 9, 2007, and August 26, 2008 at 43 centers in 4 countries across Europe and South Africa. Suicidal thoughts were assessed with Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) item 10, depression severity was assessed with the 6-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness scale, and protective factors were assessed with the patient-rated Reasons for Living Inventory (RFL) assessing 6 domains. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and linear regression analysis were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, patients (N = 336) had varying severity of suicidal thoughts: 18% had a score ≥ 4. The proportion of patients with a score ≥ 4 decreased to 7% at week 1 and 1% at week 8 of treatment. The RFL scores at baseline were lower in patients with higher baseline suicidal thoughts and increased significantly during treatment (P < .0001). A regression model revealed that only 16% of variance in baseline total RFL score is explained by the different MADRS items. Eight patients had suicidal behavior or ideation recorded as an adverse event during the study; no consistent pattern was found in the different psychometric scores either at baseline or at the visit preceding the suicidal behavior/ideation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Suicidality rapidly decreased in hospitalized patients with severe depression treated with duloxetine. The RFL scores were low at baseline but increased during treatment, suggesting that they are at least partially state rather than trait variables. Since RFL scores are lower in depressed inpatients, these scores lose the predictive value that they have in a general population sample.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00422162.
authors.affiliation: University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (Dr Demyttenaere); Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Desaiah); Eli Lilly and Company, Toronto, Canada (Dr Raskin); Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH (consultant statistician), Oxford, United Kingdom (Dr Cairns); and Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany (Dr Brecht).
authors.forename: Koen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Demyttenaere
authors.affiliation: University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (Dr Demyttenaere); Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Desaiah); Eli Lilly and Company, Toronto, Canada (Dr Raskin); Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH (consultant statistician), Oxford, United Kingdom (Dr Cairns); and Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany (Dr Brecht).
authors.forename: Durisala
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Desaiah
authors.affiliation: University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (Dr Demyttenaere); Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Desaiah); Eli Lilly and Company, Toronto, Canada (Dr Raskin); Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH (consultant statistician), Oxford, United Kingdom (Dr Cairns); and Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany (Dr Brecht).
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Raskin
authors.affiliation: University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (Dr Demyttenaere); Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Desaiah); Eli Lilly and Company, Toronto, Canada (Dr Raskin); Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH (consultant statistician), Oxford, United Kingdom (Dr Cairns); and Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany (Dr Brecht).
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cairns
authors.affiliation: University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (Dr Demyttenaere); Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Desaiah); Eli Lilly and Company, Toronto, Canada (Dr Raskin); Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH (consultant statistician), Oxford, United Kingdom (Dr Cairns); and Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany (Dr Brecht).
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brecht