title: Age Is the Strongest Effector for the Relationship between Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Coronary Artery Calcification in Apparently Healthy Korean Adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered one of the most common risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a potential mechanism that explains the association between renal function and cardiovascular mortality. We aimed to evaluate the association between renal function and CAC in apparently healthy Korean subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 23,617 participants in a health-screening program at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital were included in the study. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was assessed using the Cockcroft-Gault equation. Coronary artery calcium score (CACS) was measured via multidetector computed tomography. Subjects were divided into three groups according to the CKD Staging system with eGFR grade: stage 1, eGFR ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m(2); stage 2, eGFR 60 to 89 mL/min/1.73 m(2); and stage 3, eGFR 30 to 59 mL/min/1.73 m(2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the participants was 41.4 years and the mean eGFR was 103.6±21.7 mL/min/1.73 m(2). Hypertension and diabetes were noted in 43.7% and 5.5% of the participants, respectively. eGFR showed a weakly negative but significant association with CACS in bivariate correlation analysis (r=-0.076, P<0.01). Mean CACS significantly increased from CKD stage 1 to 3. The proportion of subjects who had CAC significantly increased from CKD stage 1 to 3. Although the odds ratio for CAC significantly increased from stage 1 to 3 after adjustment for confounding factors, this significance was reversed when age was included in the model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In early CKD, renal function negatively correlated with the degree of CAC in Korean subjects. Age was the strongest effector for this association.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Beom
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Shin Yeoung
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Nam Hee
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Joong
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Hoon
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Choel Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Mo
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hae Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Min Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Won Seon
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Se Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Heui-Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Cheol-Young
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Won-Young
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Jung
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Rhee
keywords: Coronary artery calcification; Glomerular filtration rate; Renal insufficiency, chronic