title: Penetrating trauma.
abstract: Pneumothorax occurs when air enters the pleural space. Currently there is increasing incidence of road traffic accidents, increasing awareness of healthcare leading to more advanced diagnostic procedures, and increasing number of admissions in intensive care units are responsible for traumatic (non iatrogenic and iatrogenic) pneumothorax. Pneumothorax has a clinical spectrum from asymptomatic patient to life-threatening situations. Diagnosis is usually made by clinical examination and imaging techniques. In our current work we focus on the treatment of penetrating trauma.
authors.affiliation: 1 Thoracic Surgery Department, Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 2 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 5 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 6 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 7 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 8 Radiology Department, "Hipokratio" University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kuhajda
authors.affiliation: 1 Thoracic Surgery Department, Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 2 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 5 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 6 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 7 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 8 Radiology Department, "Hipokratio" University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zarogoulidis
authors.affiliation: 1 Thoracic Surgery Department, Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 2 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 5 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 6 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 7 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 8 Radiology Department, "Hipokratio" University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kougioumtzi
authors.affiliation: 1 Thoracic Surgery Department, Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 2 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 5 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 6 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 7 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 8 Radiology Department, "Hipokratio" University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Haidong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: 1 Thoracic Surgery Department, Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 2 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 5 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 6 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 7 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 8 Radiology Department, "Hipokratio" University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 1 Thoracic Surgery Department, Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 2 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 5 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 6 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 7 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 8 Radiology Department, "Hipokratio" University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dryllis
authors.affiliation: 1 Thoracic Surgery Department, Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 2 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 5 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 6 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 7 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 8 Radiology Department, "Hipokratio" University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kioumis
authors.affiliation: 1 Thoracic Surgery Department, Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 2 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 5 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 6 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 7 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 8 Radiology Department, "Hipokratio" University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pitsiou
authors.affiliation: 1 Thoracic Surgery Department, Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 2 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 5 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 6 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 7 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 8 Radiology Department, "Hipokratio" University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Machairiotis
authors.affiliation: 1 Thoracic Surgery Department, Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 2 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 5 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 6 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 7 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 8 Radiology Department, "Hipokratio" University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Katsikogiannis
authors.affiliation: 1 Thoracic Surgery Department, Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 2 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 5 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 6 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 7 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 8 Radiology Department, "Hipokratio" University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Antonis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papaiwannou
authors.affiliation: 1 Thoracic Surgery Department, Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 2 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 5 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 6 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 7 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 8 Radiology Department, "Hipokratio" University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lampaki
authors.affiliation: 1 Thoracic Surgery Department, Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 2 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 5 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 6 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 7 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 8 Radiology Department, "Hipokratio" University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Bojan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zaric
authors.affiliation: 1 Thoracic Surgery Department, Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 2 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 5 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 6 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 7 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 8 Radiology Department, "Hipokratio" University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Perin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Branislav
authors.affiliation: 1 Thoracic Surgery Department, Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 2 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 5 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 6 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 7 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 8 Radiology Department, "Hipokratio" University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dervelegas
authors.affiliation: 1 Thoracic Surgery Department, Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 2 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 5 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 6 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 7 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 8 Radiology Department, "Hipokratio" University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Porpodis
authors.affiliation: 1 Thoracic Surgery Department, Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 2 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 5 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 6 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 7 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 8 Radiology Department, "Hipokratio" University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zarogoulidis
keywords: Chest tube; penetrating trauma; pneumothorax