title: Estimated amount of 24-hour urine sodium excretion is positively correlated with stomach and breast cancer prevalence in Korea.
abstract: Stomach cancer is one of the most common cancers in Korea. The aim of this study was to identify the association between the prevalence of cancer, particularly stomach cancer, and the amount of 24-hr urine sodium excretion estimated from spot urine specimens. The study included 19,083 subjects who took part in the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey between 2009 and 2011. The total amount of urine sodium excreted in a 24-hr period was estimated by using two equations based on the values for spot urine sodium and creatinine. In subjects who had an estimated 24-hr urine sodium excretion of more than two standard deviations above the mean (group 2), the prevalence of stomach cancer was higher than in subjects with lower 24-hr sodium excretion (group 1). By using the Tanaka equation to estimate it, the prevalence of stomach cancer was 0.6% (114/18,331) in group 1, whereas it was 1.6% (9/568) in group 2 (P=0.006). By using the Korean equation, the prevalence was 0.6% (115/18,392) in group 1, and 1.6% in group 2 (8/507) (P=0.010). By using the Tanaka equation, breast cancer in women is more prevalent in group 2 (1.9%, 6/324) than group 1 (0.8%, 78/9,985, P=0.039). Higher salt intake, as defined by the estimated amount of 24-hr urine sodium excretion, is positively correlated with a higher prevalence of stomach or breast cancer in the Korean population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Hwan
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8737-0084
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Chul
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3215-8681
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho Seok
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7856-8083
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Se Won
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3795-9322
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Salt and Health, Seoul K-Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Suhnggwon
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6904-9126
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Immunology, Seoul National University Postgraduate School, Seoul, Korea. ; Renal Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho Jun
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1185-2631
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D003401:Creatine / Q000652:urine; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D015995:Prevalence; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000652:urine*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D059349:Urine Specimen Collection
chemical_list: D012982:Sodium, Dietary; D003401:Creatine
keywords: 24-Hour Urine Sodium; Cancer; Spot Urine Sodium