title: Using monoclonal antibodies to label living root hairs: a novel tool for studying cell wall microarchitecture and dynamics in Arabidopsis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Arabidopsis root hair represents a valuable cell model for elucidating polar expansion mechanisms in plant cells and the overall biology of roots. The deposition and development of the cell wall is central to the root hair expansion apparatus. During this process, incorporation of specific wall polymers into the growing wall architecture constitutes a critical spatio-temporal event that controls hair size and growth rate and one that is closely coordinated with the cell's endomembrane, cytoskeletal and signal transduction apparatuses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, the protocol for live cell labeling of roots with monoclonal antibodies that bind to specific wall polymers is presented. This method allows for rapid assessment of root hair cell wall composition during development and assists in describing changes to cell wall composition in transgenic mutant lines. Enzymatic "unmasking" of specific polymers prior to labeling allows for refined interpretation of cell wall chemistry. Live cell immunofluorescence data may also be correlated with transmission electron microscopy-based immunogold labeling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Live Arabidopsis root hairs may be labeled with cell wall polymer-specific antibodies. This methodology allows for direct visualization of cell wall dynamics throughout development in stable transgenic plant lines. It also provides an important new tool in the elucidation of the specific interactions occurring between membrane trafficking networks, cytoskeleton and the cell wall deposition/remodeling mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Science Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA ; Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK.
authors.forename: Emily R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.affiliation: Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Science Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA ; Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA.
authors.forename: Mary L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Tierney
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY USA.
authors.forename: Berke
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tinaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY USA.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Domozych
keywords: Arabidopsis; Cell wall; Immunocytochemistry; Live cell labeling; Polar growth; Root hairs