title: Orbital complications:diagnosis of different rhinological causes.
abstract: To evaluate the clinical course of orbital complication using a standardised diagnostic pathway. Seventy-three patients with orbital complications underwent a multimodal diagnostic pathway comprising ENT examination, leucocytes/CRP, CT-/MRI-scanning and disease-related data. Twenty-nine patients suffered from rhinosinusitis, 28 from mucoceles, 13 patients from neoplasms and three patients from rheumatic disorders. Clinical examination diagnosed 60 patients with eyelid swelling, 55 patients with ocular pain, 14 patients with diplopia, 4 patients with exophthalmus, 29 patients with visual field defect and 4 patients with visual loss. The diagnostic pathway identified acute rhinosinusitis with a sensitivity/specificity of 90 %/90 %, mucoceles with 79 %/100 %, neoplasms with 100 %/96 % and granulomatosis with polyangiitis with 100 %/100 %, respectively. All patients left the hospital in good general condition and with regular ocular motility; two patients suffered persistent visual loss. The standardised application of a widely accepted diagnostic pathway reliably distinguishes different causes of orbital complication.
authors.affiliation: Hals-, Nasen-, Ohrenklinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuba
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Strassen
authors.forename: Benedikt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hofauer
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bas
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Knopf
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D004172:Diplopia / Q000209:etiology; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology; D005094:Exophthalmos / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009078:Mucocele / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D014794:Visual Fields