title: Predicting cardiovascular mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.
abstract: Cardiovascular mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients is a critical clinical challenge due to poor clinical outcome and increasing prevalence. Nephrologists and transplant specialists need suitable biomarkers to predict the occurrence of cardiovascular events and/or mortality in practice. At the technical level, development of a non-invasive repetitive sampling procedure is required to develop applicable biomarkers, offering a platform for clinicians to dynamically monitor the alteration of patient condition. Apart from specificity and sensitivity, the ideal biomarkers should be independent of various confounders such as sex, sex, age, kidney function, diabetes, and blood pressure. This article reviews recent studies on the identified potential biomarkers to analyze their predictive value and significance. The present study revealed that the identified potential biomarkers are involved in magnesium and phosphate metabolism, hormone dysregulation, pro-inflammatory process, and cardiovascular pathogenesis. Combined use of those biomarkers might allow early identification of subclinical cardiovascular system organ damage, effectively predict cardiovascular mortality, and significantly deepen our mechanistic understanding of the occurrence of cardiovascular events and mortality, which will help to develop preventive measures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Fuyang People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Wenhui
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Dahai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Medicine, Transplant International Research Centre (TIRC), Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Medicine, Transplant International Research Centre (TIRC), Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Medicine, Transplant International Research Centre (TIRC), Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Medicine, Transplant International Research Centre (TIRC), Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Weihua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gong
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D010710:Phosphates; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D008274:Magnesium