title: Histopathological and ultra structural effects of nanoparticles on rat testis following 90 days (Chronic study) of repeated oral administration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have recently received much attention for their possible applications in biotechnology and biomedical. However, little is known about the toxicity in reproductive organs of animal model following exposure to nanoparticles.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study therefore, tried to examine the effects of nanoparticles with a diameter range of 5-20 nm on the histology of the testis of wistar rats and correlate it with Transmission Electron Microscopy results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups of 8 rats each. Each group received the following via gavage technique for 90 days: Control Group (Group-1)-tap water; Experimental group (Group 2) - nanoparticles (20ug/kg/day). After ninety days (chronic study), rats were sacrificed and testis tissues was processed for histology and transmission electron microscopic study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was significant difference between the observations of group-1 and group 2. The changes observed in the testis were disarray of the spermatogenic cells and disorientation of the testis. These changes were observed to have been disappearing from normal histological features. Detailed structural damages were observed with TEM analysis, such as depletion of germ cells, germinal cells necrosis, especially in spermatogonia and Leydig cells had an abnormal fibroblast-like appearance, abnormal space between neighboring sertoli cells, mitochondria, lost cristae and vacuolated (none energized) with those animals exposed to nanoparticles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It seems that nanoparticles have acute and significant effects on spermatogenesis and number of spermatogenic cells. More experimental investigations are necessary to elucidate better conclusion regarding the safety of nanoparticles on male reproduction system.
authors.affiliation: MGMCET & Departments of Medical Biotechnology, Central Research Laboratory, MGMIHS Sector-1, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. mansibiotech79@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mansee
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thakur
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medical Genetics, Central Research Laboratory, MGMIHS Sector-1, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. himanshurg@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Himanshu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: National Center for Preclinical Reproductive and Genetic Toxicology (NIRRH), National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. singhd@nirrh.res.in.
authors.forename: Dipty
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, MGM Medical College, MGMIHS, Sector-1, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. ipseetamohanty@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Ipseeta R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Mohanty
authors.affiliation: Department Pathology, MGM Medical College, MGMIHS, Sector-1, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. maheshwarium@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ujjwala
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Maheswari
authors.affiliation: National Center for Preclinical Reproductive and Genetic Toxicology (NIRRH), National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. geetavanage@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Geeta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vanage
authors.affiliation: MGMCET & Departments of Medical Biotechnology, Central Research Laboratory, MGMIHS Sector-1, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. josharvind@gmail.com.|Departments of Medical Genetics, Central Research Laboratory, MGMIHS Sector-1, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. josharvind@gmail.com.
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Joshi
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012708:Sertoli Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013090:Spermatocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D013093:Spermatogonia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D036401:Toxicity Tests, Chronic
chemical_list: D012834:Silver