title: Plasma pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide concentrations and mortality after acute spontaneous basal ganglia hemorrhage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plasma pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) concentrations are elevated after traumatic brain injury. We assessed the prognostic value of PACAP for short-term and long-term mortality of acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 150 patients and 150 age- and gender- matched healthy controls were recruited. The plasma PACAP concentrations were measured using sandwich immunoassays. ICH severity was assessed using hematoma volume and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. The end points included 1-week mortality and 6-month mortality. The relationships between plasma PACAP concentrations and ICH severity and the end points were analyzed statistically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma PACAP concentrations were statistically significantly higher in the ICH patients than in the healthy controls and were correlated positively with hematoma volumes and NIHSS scores using a multivariate linear regression. Multivariate analysis results indicated that plasma PACAP concentration was an independent predictor of 1-week mortality, 6-month mortality and 6-month overall survival. It also had high predictive value based on receiver operating characteristic curve.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma PACAP concentrations are increased and are highly associated with the severity of ICH; PACAP may be a good predictor of short-term and long-term mortality of ICH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310000, PR China; Department of Emergency, The Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, 38 West Lake Avenue, Hangzhou 310000, PR China.
authors.forename: Bu-Qing
authors.initials: BQ
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310000, PR China.
authors.forename: Mao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310000, PR China. Electronic address: hijiang123@163.com.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ba
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D020145:Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide / Q000097:blood*; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide
keywords: Biomarker; Intracerebral hemorrhage; Mortality; Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide; Severity