title: Multimodal imaging of west nile virus chorioretinitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the results of multimodal imaging of West Nile virus chorioretinitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients with West Nile virus chorioretinitis were evaluated by color fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, enhanced depth optical coherence tomography, indocyanine green angiography, and fundus autofluorescence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Imaging results demonstrate outer retinal and retinal pigment epithelial involvement with inner retinal sparing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multiple fundus imaging modalities used during the diagnosis of West Nile chorioretinitis are consistent with outer retinal and pigment epithelial changes, suggesting outer retina and retinal pigment epithelium as the primary sites of ocular involvement.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Ophthalmology, Oakland University School of Medicine, William Beaumont, Beaumont Eye Institute, Royal Oak, Michigan; and †Associated Retinal Consultants, Royal Oak, Michigan.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Learned
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nudleman
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stec
authors.forename: Lisa J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Faia
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002825:Chorioretinitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D015828:Eye Infections, Viral / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D010781:Photography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods; D014901:West Nile Fever / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green