title: Pneumothorax in cystic fibrosis.
abstract: Pneumothorax is recognized as a common and life-threatening complication in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, especially in those who are infected with P. aeruginosa, B. cepacia or Aspergillus, need enteral feeding, are diagnosed as suffering from allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), developed massive hemoptysis, and their respiratory function is seriously compromised. Structural impairment and altered airflow dynamics in the lungs of CF patients are considered as the main predisposing factors, but also inhaled medications and non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) could increase the risk of pneumothorax. Clinical presentation could range from dramatic to very mild. Management of spontaneous pneumothorax occurring to patients with CF is essentially similar to that for non-CF patients. Therapeutic options include intercostal tube drainage, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), and medical or surgical pleurodesis. Pneumothorax increases both short- and long-term morbidity and mortality in CF patients and causes significant deterioration of their quality of life.
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China ; 3 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 4 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 7 Oncology Department, "Biomedicine" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Oncology Department, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Kioumis
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China ; 3 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 4 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 7 Oncology Department, "Biomedicine" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Oncology Department, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zarogoulidis
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China ; 3 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 4 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 7 Oncology Department, "Biomedicine" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Oncology Department, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Haidong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China ; 3 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 4 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 7 Oncology Department, "Biomedicine" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Oncology Department, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China ; 3 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 4 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 7 Oncology Department, "Biomedicine" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Oncology Department, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dryllis
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China ; 3 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 4 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 7 Oncology Department, "Biomedicine" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Oncology Department, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pitsiou
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China ; 3 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 4 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 7 Oncology Department, "Biomedicine" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Oncology Department, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Machairiotis
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China ; 3 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 4 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 7 Oncology Department, "Biomedicine" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Oncology Department, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Katsikogiannis
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China ; 3 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 4 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 7 Oncology Department, "Biomedicine" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Oncology Department, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Antonis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papaiwannou
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China ; 3 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 4 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 7 Oncology Department, "Biomedicine" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Oncology Department, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lampaki
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China ; 3 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 4 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 7 Oncology Department, "Biomedicine" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Oncology Department, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Porpodis
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China ; 3 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 4 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 7 Oncology Department, "Biomedicine" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Oncology Department, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Bojan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zaric
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China ; 3 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 4 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 7 Oncology Department, "Biomedicine" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Oncology Department, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Perin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Branislav
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China ; 3 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 4 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 7 Oncology Department, "Biomedicine" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Oncology Department, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mpoukovinas
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China ; 3 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 4 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 7 Oncology Department, "Biomedicine" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Oncology Department, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lazaridis
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China ; 3 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 4 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 7 Oncology Department, "Biomedicine" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Oncology Department, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zarogoulidis
keywords: Cystic fibrosis (CF); antibiotics, macrolides; pneumothorax