title: Exploring the link between human papilloma virus and oral and oropharyngeal cancers.
abstract: Squamous cell carcinoma involving the oral cavity (OC) and oropharynx regions are a major cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide. The recent discovery of a strong association between human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and OC and oropharyngeal (OP) cancer has prompted world-wide research into the exact etiology and pathogenesis of these cancers in relation to the HPV. HPV-positive OC/OP cancers generally present at a relatively advanced stage (by virtue of cervical nodal involvement) and are more commonly seen in younger patients without significant exposure to alcohol or tobacco. These factors are implicated in prognosis, regardless of HPV association. In this article, we review the biology and epidemiology, risk factors, association, molecular analyses, treatment response and prognosis of HPV-related cancers. Role of HPV vaccination in HPV-related OC/OP cancers has also been discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of ENT-HNS, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Shailesh R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Khode
authors.forename: Raghav C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rhys-Evans
authors.forename: Rehan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kazi
mesh_terms: D052685:Alphapapillomavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000150:complications*