title: Amorphous formulations of indomethacin and griseofulvin prepared by electrospinning.
abstract: Following an array of optimization experiments, two series of electrospun polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) fibers were prepared. One set of fibers contained various loadings of indomethacin, known to form stable glasses, and the other griseofulvin (a poor glass former). Drug loadings of up to 33% w/w were achieved. Electron microscopy data showed the fibers largely to comprise smooth and uniform cylinders, with evidence for solvent droplets in some samples. In all cases, the drug was found to exist in the amorphous physical state in the fibers on the basis of X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. Modulated temperature DSC showed that the relationship between a formulation's glass transition temperature (Tg) and the drug loading follows the Gordon-Taylor equation, but not the Fox equation. The results of Gordon-Taylor analysis indicated that the drug/polymer interactions were stronger with indomethacin. The interactions between drug and polymer were explored in more detail using molecular modeling simulations and again found to be stronger with indomethacin; the presence of significant intermolecular forces was further confirmed using IR spectroscopy. The amorphous form of both drugs was found to be stable after storage of the fibers for 8 months in a desiccator (relative humidity <25%). Finally, the functional performance of the fibers was studied; in all cases, the drug-loaded fibers released their drug cargo very rapidly, offering accelerated dissolution over the pure drug.
authors.affiliation: UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London , 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Felipe L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Gemma C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Shearman
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gaisford
authors.forename: Gareth R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D006118:Griseofulvin / Q000737:chemistry*; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D006118:Griseofulvin; D007213:Indomethacin
keywords: amorphous; electrospinning; griseofulvin; indomethacin; modulated-temperature DSC; nanofiber