title: Medical management of fecal incontinence in challenging populations: a review.
abstract: Fecal incontinence (FI) is a common and growing problem in the United States. Although there are multiple emerging novel interventions for the treatment of FI, the mainstay of initial therapy remains medical management. In this article, we review the available literature on the medical management of FI, with a special focus on patients with multiple sclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and the elderly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas ; Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Gaurav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arora
keywords: anorectal dysfunction; diabetes mellitus; elderly; fecal incontinence; multiple sclerosis