title: Sleep deprivation and divergent toll-like receptor-4 activation of cellular inflammation in aging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sleep disturbance and aging are associated with increases in inflammation, as well as increased risk of infectious disease. However, there is limited understanding of the role of sleep loss on age-related differences in immune responses. This study examines the effects of sleep deprivation on toll-like receptor activation of monocytic inflammation in younger compared to older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-dwelling adults (n = 70) who were categorized as younger (25-39 y old, n = 21) and older (60-84 y old, n = 49) participants, underwent a sleep laboratory-based experimental partial sleep deprivation (PSD) protocol including adaptation, an uninterrupted night of sleep, sleep deprivation (sleep restricted to 03:00-07:00), and recovery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood samples were obtained each morning to measure toll-like receptor-4 activation of monocyte intracellular production of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Partial sleep deprivation induced a significant increase in the production of IL-6 and/or TNF-α that persisted after a night of recovery sleep (F(2,121.2) = 3.8, P < 0.05). Age moderated the effects of sleep loss, such that younger adults had an increase in inflammatory cytokine production that was not present in older adults (F(2,121.2) = 4.0, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Older adults exhibit reduced toll-like receptor 4 stimulated cellular inflammation that, unlike in younger adults, is not activated after a night of partial sleep loss. Whereas sleep loss increases cellular inflammation in younger adults and may contribute to inflammatory disorders, blunted toll-like receptor activation in older adults may increase the risk of infectious disease seen with aging.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Judith E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carrillo
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Olmstead
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Tuff
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Witarama
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Breen
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yokomizo
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seeman
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Irwin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D012890:Sleep / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: age; immune; inflammatory cytokines; monocyte; sleep deprivation