title: A clinical study about contrast nephropathy: risk factors and the role of beta blockers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is still a group of patient that have unpredictable risk for the development of contrast nephropathy (CN). There is also an effort to find more effficient strategies to prevent CN. Carvedilol, metoprolol and nebivolol seem to have theoretical potentials for the prevention of CN. In this study, we aimed to investigate their effects on the prevention of CN. We also aimed to define the risk factors associated with the development of CN in our study group.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective, cross-sectional study, the patients were divided into four groups according to whether they were taking 25 mg/day carvedilol (n:56), 5 mg/day nebivolol (n:60), 50 mg/day metoprolol (n:68) or none (n:63). We made analysis to determine the agents' efficiency on the prevention of CN. We also performed multiple logistic regression analysis including all groups to define the risk factors associated with CN.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidents of CN were the lowest in the carvedilol group (4%) while the worst performance occurred in those taking metoprolol (10%). The difference between the groups in terms of the development of CN did not reach statistical significance (p>0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed age (p=0.003), higher triglyceride levels (p=0.011) and family history of coronary artery disease (p=0.038) to be the predictors of CN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, we didn't find any relation between the development of CN and carvedilol, metoprolol or nebivolol usage. We found age, higher levels of triglyceride and family history of coronary artery disease to be risk factors for predicting CN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University; Aydın-Turkey. cagdasakgullu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Çağdaş
authors.initials: Ç
authors.lastname: Akgüllü
authors.forename: Ufuk
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Eryılmaz
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Güngör
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huyut
authors.forename: Cemil
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zencir
authors.forename: Tolga
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hekim
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077261:Carvedilol; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008790:Metoprolol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000068577:Nebivolol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011859:Radiography; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D002227:Carbazoles; D003287:Contrast Media; D011412:Propanolamines; D020011:Protective Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000068577:Nebivolol; D000077261:Carvedilol; D008790:Metoprolol