title: The prevalence, pattern and clinical presentation of developmental dental hard-tissue anomalies in children with primary and mix dentition from Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The study of dental anomalies is important because it generates information that is important for both the anthropological and clinical management of patients. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and pattern of presentation of dental hard-tissue developmental anomalies in the mix dentition of children residing in Ile-Ife, a suburban region of Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information on age, sex and socioeconomic status was collected from 1,036 children aged four months to 12 years through a household survey. Clinical examination was conducted to assess the presence of dental anomalies. Associations between age, sex, socioeconomic status, prevalence, and pattern of presentation of the developmental hard-tissue dental anomalies were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and seventy six (26.6%) children had dental anomalies. Of these, 23.8% had one anomaly, 2.5% had two anomalies, and 0.3% had more than two anomalies. Of the children with anomalies, 49.3%were male, 50.7%were female, and 47.8%, 28.6% and 23.6% were children from low, middle and high socioeconomic classes, respectively. More anomalies were seen in permanent than primary dentition. Anomalies of tooth structure were most prevalent (16.1%); anomalies which affect tooth number were least prevalent (1.3%). Dens evaginatus, peg-shaped lateral, macrodontia, and talon cusp were more prevalent in the permanent dentition, and dens evaginatus peg-shaped lateral and macrodontia were more prevalent in the maxilla. There were significantly more macrodontia anomalies in males and in children of high socioeconomic status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This large survey of dental hard-tissue anomalies found in the primary dentition and mixed dentition of children in Nigeria provides anthropological and clinical data that may aid the detection and management of dental problems of children in Nigeria.
authors.affiliation: Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. tesy4jil2004@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Dada Oluwaseyi
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Temilola
authors.forename: Morenike Oluwatoyin
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Folayan
authors.forename: Olawunmi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fatusi
authors.forename: Nneka Maureen
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Chukwumah
authors.forename: Nneka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Onyejaka
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oziegbe
authors.forename: Titus
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oyedele
authors.forename: Kikelomo Adebanke
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kolawole
authors.forename: Hakeem
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Agbaje
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000848:Anodontia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003719:Dens in Dente / Q000453:epidemiology; D003744:Dental Enamel Hypoplasia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003818:Dentition, Mixed; D005260:Female; D005671:Fused Teeth / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000002:abnormalities; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D011203:Poverty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors; D012923:Social Class; D018881:Suburban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014071:Tooth Abnormalities / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019228:Tooth Crown / Q000002:abnormalities; D014079:Tooth Eruption, Ectopic / Q000453:epidemiology; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000002:abnormalities*; D014096:Tooth, Supernumerary / Q000453:epidemiology