title: Wide-angle and ultrathin camera module using a curved hexagonal microlens array and all spherical surfaces.
abstract: In this paper, we propose a wide-angle and thin camera module integrating the principles of an insect's compound eye and the human eye, mimicking them with a curved hexagonal microlens array and a hemispherical lens, respectively. Compared to typical mobile phone cameras with more than four lenses and a limited full field of view (FFOV), the proposed system uses only two lenses to achieve a wide FFOV. Furthermore, the thickness of our proposed system is only 2.7 mm. It has an f-number of 2.07, an image diameter of 4.032 mm, and a diagonal FFOV of 136°. The results showed good image quality with a modulation transfer function above 0.3 at a Nyquist frequency of 166  cycles/mm.
authors.forename: Wei-Lun
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Guo-Dung J
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Su