title: Human platelets express Toll-like receptor 3 and respond to poly I:C.
abstract: Platelets functions in hemostasis have been widely studied. Currently, growing evidence shows that platelets have also a role in the immune innate response. Recently, protein expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR's) 2, 4, 7, 8, and 9, and the presence of TLRs 1 and 6 mRNA in human platelets was described. Up to now the functionality of TLR-2, 4 and 9 in human platelets has been demonstrated. Due to the relevance of TLRs functions to PAMPS (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) recognizing, we evaluated the presence of TLR3 in human platelets founding low percentages of platelets expressing surface or intracellular TLR3 protein. The activation with thrombin induced an increase in the percentage of platelets expressing surface TLR3 and higher levels of TLR3 expression in the whole population. Human platelets responded to poly I:C by increasing [Ca(2+)]i, the percentages of cells expressing TLR4 and CD62P, and by releasing CXCL4 and IL-1β in comparison to unstimulated platelets. These results demonstrate that human platelets express TLR3 and are capable of responding to poly I:C, suggesting that these cells might influence the immune innate response when detecting viral dsRNA.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Division Studies of the Technologic Institute, Oaxaca City, Oaxaca, Mexico.
authors.forename: Antonio-Santos
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Anabel
authors.affiliation: Graduate Division Studies of the Technologic Institute, Oaxaca City, Oaxaca, Mexico; Research Center of Medical and Biological Sciences of the Medicine and Surgery Faculty, Autonomous University "Benito Juárez", Oaxaca City, Oaxaca, Mexico.
authors.forename: Pérez-Campos
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Eduardo
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Medical and Biological Sciences of the Medicine and Surgery Faculty, Autonomous University "Benito Juárez", Oaxaca City, Oaxaca, Mexico.
authors.forename: Hernández-Cruz
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Pedro Antonio
authors.affiliation: Odontology Faculty, Autonomous University "Benito Juárez", Oaxaca City, Oaxaca, Mexico.
authors.forename: Solórzano-Mata
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Carlos
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Research Center and Advanced Studies of IPN, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Narváez-Morales
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Juana
authors.affiliation: Chemical Sciences Faculty, Autonomous University "Benito Juárez", Oaxaca City, Oaxaca, Mexico.
authors.forename: Torres-Aguilar
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Honorio
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Research Center and Advanced Studies of IPN, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Villegas-Sepúlveda
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Nicolás
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Medical and Biological Sciences of the Medicine and Surgery Faculty, Autonomous University "Benito Juárez", Oaxaca City, Oaxaca, Mexico. Electronic address: sar_cinvestav@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Aguilar-Ruiz
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sergio Roberto
mesh_terms: D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000276:immunology*; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010978:Platelet Factor 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D011070:Poly I-C / Q000276:immunology*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; C508585:IL1B protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D019007:P-Selectin; D012367:RNA, Viral; C495344:TLR3 protein, human; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D010978:Platelet Factor 4; D011070:Poly I-C
keywords: Human platelets; Immune innate response; Platelets response; Poly I:C; TLR3 expression