title: Cholecystectomy after breast reconstruction with a pedicled autologous tram flap. Types of surgical access.
abstract: The number of breast reconstruction procedures has been increasing in recent years. One of the suggested treatment methods is breast reconstruction with a pedicled skin and muscle TRAM flap (transverse rectus abdominis muscle - TRAM). Surgical incisions performed during a cholecystectomy procedure may be located in the areas significant for flap survival. The aim of this paper is to present anatomical changes in abdominal walls secondary to pedicled skin and muscle (TRAM) flap breast reconstruction, which influence the planned access in cholecystectomy procedures. The authors present 2 cases of cholecystectomy performed due to cholelithiasis in female patients with a history of TRAM flap breast reconstruction procedures. The first patient underwent a traditional method of surgery 14 days after the reconstruction due to acute cholecystitis. The second patient underwent a laparoscopy due to cholelithiasis 7 years after the TRAM procedure. In both cases an abdominal ultrasound scan was performed prior to the operation, and surgical access was determined following consultation with a plastic surgeon. The patient who had undergone traditional cholecystectomy developed an infection of the postoperative wound. The wound was treated with antibiotics, vacuum therapy and skin grafting. After 7 weeks complete postoperative wound healing and correct healing of the TRAM flap were achieved. The patient who had undergone laparoscopy was discharged home on the second postoperative day without any complications. In order to plan a safe surgical access, it is necessary to know the changes in the anatomy of abdominal walls following a pedicled TRAM flap breast reconstruction procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Graczyk
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kostro
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jankau
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bigda
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skorek
keywords: breast reconstruction procedures; cholecystitis; laparoscopic cholecystectomy; natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery; transverse rectus abdominis muscle flap