title: Effects of dentin surface treatments including Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation with different intensities on the push-out bond strength of the glass fiber posts to root dentin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intra-canal post systems are commonly used to restore root-filled teeth. Bond strengths of the posts can be affected by various surface treatments of the post or the dentin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dentin surface treatments including erbium-chromium; yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser irradiation with different intensities on the push-out bond strength of the glass fiber posts to root dentin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty single-rooted human maxillary incisors were filled and post spaces were prepared. After these procedures, the specimens were divided randomly into four groups according to the dentin surface treatments, as follows: (i) untreated surface (control), (ii) 1W Er,Cr:YSGG laser application, (iii) 2W Er,Cr:YSGG laser application and (iv) 3W Er,Cr:YSGG laser application. Then the posts were cemented into the root canals using dual-cured resin cement. Bonded specimens were cut into 1-mm-thick slices and push-out tests were performed using a universal testing device. All specimens were loaded until fracture and the failure modes were evaluated with a stereomicroscope at 32× magnification. Representative specimens were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA, Tukey and Wilcoxon tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bond strength values ranged from 3.22-4.68 MPa. There were no statistically significant differences among the groups, regardless of the different levels. The coronal and middle levels of the post space had significantly higher bond strength values compared with the apical level (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation with different intensities did not increase the bond strength of the fiber posts to the root canal dentin walls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics.
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kirmali
authors.forename: Alper
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kustarci
authors.forename: Alper
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kapdan
authors.forename: Kursat
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Er
mesh_terms: D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods*; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000528:radiation effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D003804:Dentin / Q000528:radiation effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011176:Post and Core Technique / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011897:Random Allocation; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D055116:Self-Curing of Dental Resins / Q000379:methods; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; C509998:Grandio; D008689:Methacrylates; D019279:Resin Cements; C009753:fiberglass; C512545:futurabond NR
keywords: Er,Cr:YSGG laser; bond strength; fiber posts; push-out test; root dentin