title: Traumatic brain injury has not prominent effects on cardiopulmonary indices of rat after 24 hours: hemodynamic, histopathology, and biochemical evidence.
abstract: Accidents are the second reason for mortality and morbidity in Iran. Among them, brain injuries are the most important damage. Clarification of the effects of brain injuries on different body systems will help physicians to prioritize their treatment strategies. In this study, the effect of pure brain trauma on the cardiovascular system and lungs 24 hours post trauma was assessed.
  
  
  
  Male Wistar rats (n = 32) were divided into sham control and traumatic brain injury (TBI) groups. In TBI animals, under deep anesthesia, a blow to the head was induced by the fall of a 450 g weight from 2 m height. Twenty four hours later, heart electrocardiogram and functional indices, cardiac troponin I, IL-6, TNF-, IL-I in tissue and serum, and the histopathology of heart and lung were assessed.
  
  
  
  The results showed that none of the functional, biochemical, inflammatory, and histopathology indices was statistically different between the two groups at 24 hours post TBI. Indices of impulse conduction velocity in atrium (P wave duration and P-R interval) were significantly longer in the TBI group.
  
  
  
  Overall, no important functional and histopathologic disturbances were found in heart and lung of TBI group after 24 hours. If the data is reproduced in human studies, the medical team could allocate their priority to treatment of brain disorders of the victim in the first 24 hours of pure TBI and postpone extensive assessment of heart and lung health indices to later time, thus reducing patient and health system expenditures.
authors.affiliation: Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Najafipour
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siahposht Khachaki
authors.affiliation: Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khaksari
authors.affiliation: Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Beydolah
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shahouzehi
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Siyavash
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joukar
authors.affiliation: Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Poursalehi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors; D019210:Troponin I / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D019210:Troponin I
keywords: Brain injury; Cardiopulmonary; Myocardial contraction; Cytokines