title: Hydrogenated anatase: strong photocatalytic dihydrogen evolution without the use of a co-catalyst.
abstract: The high-pressure hydrogenation of commercially available anatase or anatase/rutile TiO2 powder can create a photocatalyst for H2 evolution that is highly effective and stable without the need for any additional co-catalyst. This activation effect cannot be observed for rutile; however, for anatase/rutile mixtures, a strong synergistic effect can be found (similar to results commonly observed for noble-metal-decorated TiO2). EPR and PL measurements indicated the intrinsic co-catalytic activation of anatase TiO2 to be due to specific defect centers formed during hydrogenation. These active centers can be observed specifically for high-pressure hydrogenation; other common reduction treatments do not result in this effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science WW-4, LKO, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen (Germany).
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Detlef
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Freitag
authors.forename: Umamaheswari
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Venkatesan
authors.forename: V R Reddy
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Marthala
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: Erdmann
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Spiecker
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Osvet
authors.forename: Eva M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Zolnhofer
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Xuemei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmuki
keywords: TiO2; co-catalyst; hydrogenation; titanium(III); water splitting