title: Estimating the likely coverage of inactivated poliovirus vaccine in routine immunization: evidence from demographic and health surveys.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE) has recommended introduction of at least 1 dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) at ≥14 weeks of age through the routine immunization program in countries currently not using IPV.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed all available unrestricted data obtained from the Demographic and Health Surveys since 2005 in sub-Saharan Africa (31 countries) and in South and Southeast Asia (9 countries) to determine coverage of the following injectable vaccines delivered through the routine immunization schedule: diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine dose 1 (DTP1), DTP2, DTP3, and measles vaccine. Coverage with these vaccines was used as a proxy measure of likely 1- and 2-dose IPV coverage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Coverage with 1 dose of IPV is expected to be lowest when offered with DTP3 (median coverage, 73%) and highest when offered with DTP1 (median coverage, 90%). The median DTP1-DTP3 drop-out rate was 14%, which equates to an additional 12 million children not receiving IPV if IPV is offered with DTP3, rather than with DTP1. An increased geographical clustering of children who have not received IPV is expected in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia if IPV is offered with DTP3, rather than with DTP1. Coverage with 2 doses of IPV is expected to be lowest if IPV is administered with DTP3 and measles vaccine (69%) and highest if administered with DTP1 and DTP2 (84%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coverage with 1 dose of IPV is expected to be lowest if it is administered at the DTP3 visit. At present, there is insufficient evidence to determine whether the SAGE-recommended IPV schedule for the polio endgame would maximize population immunity to type 2 poliovirus.
authors.affiliation: Global Immunization Division, Center for Global Health.
authors.forename: Abhijeet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pallansch
authors.affiliation: Global Immunization Division, Center for Global Health.
authors.forename: Concepcion F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Estivariz
authors.affiliation: Global Immunization Division, Center for Global Health.
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gary
authors.affiliation: Global Immunization Division, Center for Global Health.
authors.forename: Steven G F
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Wassilak
mesh_terms: D017954:Africa South of the Sahara; D001210:Asia, Southeastern; D003710:Demography; D060740:Disease Eradication / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011051:Poliomyelitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated
keywords: inactivated poliovirus vaccine; polio; polio eradication; routine immunization