title: Hyperglycemia as a Risk Factor of Ischemic Stroke.
abstract: Diabetes is considered a major risk factor for stroke and is associated with worsened stroke outcomes. Here, we discuss and summarize the mechanisms that have been associated with the increased risk of stroke due to the hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus. In diabetic stroke models, hyperglycemia exaggerates the following damaging processes: acidosis, accumulation of reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen, inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Understanding the mechanism of diabetes acting as a stroke risk factor will definitely assist to reveal issues related to drug metabolism and toxicity in diabetic stroke. In addition, it is suggested that future studies may focus on the mechanisms mediating blood-brain barrier and astrocytes dysfunction under hyperglycemic stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.
authors.forename: Ziyan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.
authors.forename: Jingqi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.
authors.forename: Honglian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shi
keywords: BBB; Diabetes; Hyperglycemia; Neuroprotection; Stroke