title: Longitudinal Predictors of Criminal Arrest After Traumatic Brain Injury: Results From the Traumatic Brain Injury Model System National Database.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine how pre-traumatic brain injury (TBI) variables and TBI-related characteristics predict post-TBI criminal arrest, using longitudinal data from the Traumatic Brain Injury Model System National Database.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical hospitals; rehabilitation facilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants with documented TBI and nonmissing Traumatic Brain Injury Model System data, resulting in N = 6315 at 1 year post-TBI, N = 4982 at 2 years post-TBI, and N = 2690 at 5 years post-TBI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study with secondary data analysis of the relationship between pre-TBI/TBI factors and post-TBI criminal arrest as measured at 3 time points.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-report of post-TBI criminal arrest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Post-TBI criminal arrest was associated with gender, age, marital status, educational attainment, pre-TBI felony, pre-TBI drug abuse, pre-TBI alcohol abuse, and violent cause of TBI. Frontal, temporal, parietal, or occipital lobe lesions from computed tomographic scans did not predict post-TBI criminal arrests. Higher numbers of post-TBI arrests were predicted by loss of consciousness (≥24 hours), combined with retention of motor function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Premorbid variables, especially pre-TBI felonies, were strongly linked to post-TBI criminal arrests. The relationship between TBI and arrest was complex, and different brain functions (eg, physical mobility) should be considered when understanding this association. Findings highlight that for post-TBI criminal behavior, many risk factors mirror those of the non-TBI general population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Medicine (Drs Elbogen, Cueva, and Johnson and Messrs Wolfe and Sullivan); and Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (Dr Elbogen).
authors.forename: Eric B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Elbogen
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cueva
authors.forename: Connor
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D015331:Cohort Studies; D000066479:Criminal Behavior; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult