title: Complex metallic stent removal: decade after deployment.
abstract: Endobronchial involvement is a relatively uncommon but well-described presentation in Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). Self-expandable metallic stents (SEMs) should be reserved for the malignant airway disorder to maintain airway patency, but have been used for benign disease in specific cases. We present a case of longstanding endobronchial GPA with recurrent bronchial stenosis. Three SEMs were deployed in the distal left main bronchus 10 years prior. Two were removed in the standard manner, but the remaining stent SEM was completely embedded in the bronchial mucosa making its removal extraordinarily difficult. We placed an oversized silicone stent inside the stent leading to necrosis of the mucosa allowing for a less formidable removal of the embedded stent. Another silicone stent was temporarily placed. SEMs removal can be extremely complicated and should only be performed by experienced bronchoscopists in an institution with sufficient resources.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
authors.forename: Danai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Khemasuwan
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Gildea
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Machuzak
mesh_terms: D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000601:surgery; D001982:Bronchial Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000379:methods; D020878:Device Removal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods; D014890:Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015607:Stents; D015898:Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed; D014135:Tracheal Stenosis / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult