title: Pacing and mood changes while crossing the Adriatic Sea from Italy to Albania: a case study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the pacing strategy, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and mood during a 78.1-km solo ultraendurance open-water swim.
  
  
  METHODS
  Before and after the event, anthropometric parameters, cortisol, and the profile of mood state (POMS) of 1 male athlete (age 48 y, height 172 cm, body mass 68 kg, body fat 7.2%, athletic achievement: Italian record holder of the Channel Swim) were ascertained. Every 3 h during the event, average swimming speed (SS), stroke rate, stroke length (SL), and RPE were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The athlete completed the event in 23:44 h:min. Compared with the first 3 h of swimming, decreases in SS (-33%) and SL (-25%) were observed between 18 h and 21 h. Thereafter, the athlete increased SS (+41%) and SL (+17%) between 21 h and the end. RPE steadily increased from the beginning to the last 6 h of swimming. Cortisol showed a 23-fold increase. After the event, POMS showed a 500% increase in fatigue, 44% decrease in tension, and 77% decrease in vigor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the first time ever an athlete crossed the Adriatic Sea. This case study shows that the athlete adopted a variable pacing strategy to complete 78 km. Despite the athlete perceiving his effort at maximum during the last 6 h, the observed increases in SS at the end of the event might substantiate his high potential motivation to accomplish this challenging and unique event.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Ioannon
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cibelli
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mignardi
authors.forename: Agnese
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antonelli
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Capranica
authors.forename: Maria Francesca
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Piacentini
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D000415:Albania; D056352:Athletes / Q000523:psychology*; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010465:Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*