title: Antimicrobial and anti-adherence activity of various combinations of coffee-chicory solutions on Streptococcus mutans: An in-vitro study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies have demonstrated the activity of natural plants on the dental biofilm and caries development. But few studies on the antimicrobial activity of coffee-based solutions were found in the literature. Further there was no study available to check the antimicrobial effect of coffee solutions with different percentages of chicory in it.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of different combinations of coffee-chicory solutions and their anti-adherence effect on Streptococcus mutans to glass surface.
  
  
  METHODS
  Test solutions were prepared. For antimicrobial activity testing, tubes containing test solution and culture medium were inoculated with a suspension of S. mutans followed by plating on Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) agar. S. mutans adherence to glass in presence of the different test solutions was also tested. The number of adhered bacteria (CFU/mL) was determined by plating method.
  
  
  METHODS
  Statistical significance was measured using one way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pure chicory had shown significantly less bacterial count compared to all other groups. Groups IV and V had shown significant reduction in bacterial counts over the period of 4 hrs. Regarding anti-adherence effect, group I-IV had shown significantly less adherence of bacteria to glass surface.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chicory exerted antibacterial effect against S. mutans while coffee reduced significantly the adherence of S. mutans to the glass surface.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Dentistry, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Rama
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Vamsi Krishna L
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Gm
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Prashant
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ojha
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Naveen Pg
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Kumar
keywords: Antimicrobial; anti-adherence; chicory; coffee