title: Th and Treg response induced by Aspergillus fumigatus pulsed dendritic cells in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dendritic cells (DCs) can recognize the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) of Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus), activating the immune response. During A. fumigatus infection, a Th and Treg response induced in the fungi-pulsed DCs is not yet well understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were separated and proliferated from C57BL/6 mice. A. fumigatus pulsed DCs were generated and cultured with CD4(+) T cells derived from the spleen of C57BL/6 mice in vitro. CD4(+) T cells differentiation after co-culture were analyzed by flow cytometry, ELISA, and real-time PCR analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The A. fumigatus pulsed DCs exhibited increased Th1 and Treg frequency, Th1-related cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-12), Treg-related cytokines (TGF-β) and T-bet, and Foxp3 mRNA levels compared with the control group. There was no significant difference between A. fumigatus pulsed DCs group and the control group about Th17 and Th2 frequency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inactivated conidia of A. fumigatus were able to activate BMDCs and made them capable of triggering T cell responses in vitro. A. fumigatus loaded DCs was a weak inducer of Th17 and Th2, but induced a strong Th1 and Treg response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.
authors.forename: Runchao
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China. Email: mycolab@126.com.
authors.forename: Ruoyu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C498833:Foxp3 protein, mouse; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D018664:Interleukin-12