title: Salivary alterations in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients: Salivary glucose could be noninvasive tool for monitoring diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endocrine disease characterized by hyperglycemia, the pathogenic mechanisms by which hyperglycemia arises differ widely. Monitoring people with diabetes involve repeated estimations of plasma glucose either by finger pricks or by intravenous blood sampling. Hence, a noninvasive procedure for glucose measurements would be most precious under the circumstances.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  (1) To evaluate salivary glucose, total protein and albumin in type 1 DM (T1DM) patients and to compare with healthy nondiabetic control group. (2) To compare and correlate serum and salivary glucose levels in patients with T1DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study consisted of 30 T1DM patients and 30 controls. All subjects were subjected to the serum glucose, salivary glucose, and total protein and albumin estimations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Glucose estimations were done by glucose oxidase-peroxidase method, total protein estimations were done by Biuret method, end point and albumin estimations were done by bromocresol green dye method, end point. All the estimations were performed using an autoanalyzer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mean and standard deviation, Student's t-test and Karl Pearson correlation co-efficient were calculated. All these statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS 11.5 software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed elevated levels of salivary glucose, total protein and albumin in T1DM group compared to healthy controls. Further the levels of serum and salivary glucose in T1DM patients were significantly correlated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are definite changes in salivary composition with increased levels of salivary glucose, total protein and albumin in T1DM patients compared with healthy controls. Salivary glucose could be used for monitoring of DM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Al-Badar Dental College, Gulbarga, India.
authors.forename: Syed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shahbaz
authors.forename: Girish
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Katti
authors.forename: Sreenivas Rao
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ghali
authors.forename: Chandrika
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Katti
authors.forename: Darshan D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Diwakar
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Guduba
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005947:Glucose