title: Oxidative stress-related genetic variants, pro- and antioxidant intake and status, and advanced prostate cancer risk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased oxidative stress has been linked to prostate cancer. We investigated oxidative stress-related genetic variants in relation to advanced prostate cancer risk and examined potential interactions with pro- and antioxidant exposures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-cohort analysis was conducted in the prospective Netherlands Cohort Study, which included 58,279 men ages 55 to 69 years. Cohort members completed a baseline questionnaire and provided toenail clippings, which were used to isolate DNA. Advanced prostate cancer cases were identified during 17.3 years of follow-up. The analysis included 14 genetic variants and 11 exposures. Cox regression models were used for analysis and FDR Q-values were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete genotyping data were available for 952 cases and 1,798 subcohort members. CAT rs1001179 was associated with stage III/IV and stage IV prostate cancer risk, with HRs per minor allele of 1.16 [95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.01-1.33; P = 0.032] and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.07-1.46; P = 0.006), respectively. We tested 151 gene-environment interactions in relation to both stage III/IV and IV prostate cancer risk. Seven interactions were statistically significant after adjusting for multiple testing (FDR Q-value <0.20); for stage III/IV prostate cancer, these involved intake of β-carotene (GPX1 rs17650792, hOGG1 rs1052133) and heme iron (GPX1 rs1800668 and rs3448), and for stage IV prostate cancer, these involved intake of catechin (SOD2 rs4880) and heme iron (hOGG1 rs1052133, SOD1 rs10432782).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study of advanced prostate cancer risk showed a marginal association with a CAT polymorphism and seven novel gene-environment interactions in the oxidative stress pathway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oxidative stress-related genes and exposures may have a joint effect on advanced prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(1); 178-86. ©2014 AACR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands. milan.geybels@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors.forename: Milan S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Geybels
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Piet A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: van den Brandt
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology, and Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Frederik J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: van Schooten
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bas A J
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Verhage
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants; D015331:Cohort Studies; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants