title: Unusual causes of pneumothorax.
abstract: Pneumothorax is divided to primary and secondary. It is a situation that requires immediate treatment, otherwise it could have severe health consequences. Pneumothorax can be treated either by thoracic surgeons, or pulmonary physicians. In our current work, we will focus on unusual cases of pneumothorax. We will provide the etiology and treatment for each case, also a discussion will be made for each situation.
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA ; 2 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Interventional Pulmonary Service, Bethesda, USA ; 3 Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Interventional Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Goodyear, AZ, USA ; 4 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 7 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 8 Internal Medicine Department, "Theiageneio" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 9 Thoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Ouellette
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA ; 2 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Interventional Pulmonary Service, Bethesda, USA ; 3 Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Interventional Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Goodyear, AZ, USA ; 4 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 7 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 8 Internal Medicine Department, "Theiageneio" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 9 Thoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parrish
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA ; 2 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Interventional Pulmonary Service, Bethesda, USA ; 3 Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Interventional Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Goodyear, AZ, USA ; 4 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 7 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 8 Internal Medicine Department, "Theiageneio" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 9 Thoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Browning
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA ; 2 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Interventional Pulmonary Service, Bethesda, USA ; 3 Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Interventional Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Goodyear, AZ, USA ; 4 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 7 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 8 Internal Medicine Department, "Theiageneio" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 9 Thoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: J Francis
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA ; 2 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Interventional Pulmonary Service, Bethesda, USA ; 3 Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Interventional Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Goodyear, AZ, USA ; 4 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 7 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 8 Internal Medicine Department, "Theiageneio" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 9 Thoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zarogoulidis
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA ; 2 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Interventional Pulmonary Service, Bethesda, USA ; 3 Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Interventional Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Goodyear, AZ, USA ; 4 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 7 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 8 Internal Medicine Department, "Theiageneio" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 9 Thoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kougioumtzi
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA ; 2 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Interventional Pulmonary Service, Bethesda, USA ; 3 Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Interventional Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Goodyear, AZ, USA ; 4 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 7 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 8 Internal Medicine Department, "Theiageneio" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 9 Thoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dryllis
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA ; 2 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Interventional Pulmonary Service, Bethesda, USA ; 3 Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Interventional Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Goodyear, AZ, USA ; 4 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 7 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 8 Internal Medicine Department, "Theiageneio" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 9 Thoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kioumis
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA ; 2 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Interventional Pulmonary Service, Bethesda, USA ; 3 Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Interventional Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Goodyear, AZ, USA ; 4 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 7 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 8 Internal Medicine Department, "Theiageneio" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 9 Thoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pitsiou
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA ; 2 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Interventional Pulmonary Service, Bethesda, USA ; 3 Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Interventional Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Goodyear, AZ, USA ; 4 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 7 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 8 Internal Medicine Department, "Theiageneio" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 9 Thoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Machairiotis
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA ; 2 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Interventional Pulmonary Service, Bethesda, USA ; 3 Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Interventional Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Goodyear, AZ, USA ; 4 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 7 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 8 Internal Medicine Department, "Theiageneio" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 9 Thoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Katsikogiannis
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA ; 2 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Interventional Pulmonary Service, Bethesda, USA ; 3 Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Interventional Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Goodyear, AZ, USA ; 4 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 7 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 8 Internal Medicine Department, "Theiageneio" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 9 Thoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Theodora
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsiouda
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA ; 2 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Interventional Pulmonary Service, Bethesda, USA ; 3 Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Interventional Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Goodyear, AZ, USA ; 4 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 7 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 8 Internal Medicine Department, "Theiageneio" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 9 Thoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Madesis
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA ; 2 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Interventional Pulmonary Service, Bethesda, USA ; 3 Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Interventional Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Goodyear, AZ, USA ; 4 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 7 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 8 Internal Medicine Department, "Theiageneio" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 9 Thoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Theodoros
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karaiskos
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA ; 2 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Interventional Pulmonary Service, Bethesda, USA ; 3 Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Interventional Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Goodyear, AZ, USA ; 4 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 7 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 8 Internal Medicine Department, "Theiageneio" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 9 Thoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zarogoulidis
keywords: Pneumothorax; cases; unusual pneumothorax