title: Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension and obesity among civil servants in Kaduna, Kaduna State, June 2012.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a leading cause of adult mortality globally, accounting for 63% of all deaths in 2008 with nearly 80% of those deaths occurring in developing countries. These NCDs which include hypertension and obesity alongside their complications accounted for 27% of all deaths in Nigeria, in 2008. We conducted a study among Kaduna State civil servants to determine the prevalence of hypertension, overweight/obesity and also to identify associated behavioural factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional design, with multi-stage cluster sampling technique was used. A structured questionnaire was used in gathering data on socio-demographics, physical activity, dietary habit, tobacco, and alcohol consumption. Blood pressure, body weight and height were measured, and body mass index (BMI) calculated. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used in identifying associations between these behavioural factors and hypertension/overweight/obesity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 801 civil servants, mean age 43±9 years were interviewed, of which 62% were male. Prevalence of hypertension, overweight and obesity were 29%, 35% and 27% respectively. Physical inactivity was the most prevalent behavioural factor, 91%, followed by unhealthy diet 90%, and cigarette smoking 6%. Prevalence of overweight/obesity was higher among the senior cadre than the junior cadre (69% versus 54%, p<0.01). Increasing age was an independent predictor of hypertension. Female respondents were four times more likely to be overweight/obese than males (AOR=3.7, 95%CI 2.5-5.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypertension and overweight/obesity with their behavioural risks are prevalent among civil servants in Kaduna. Age and gender-specific public health strategies to promote healthy- living in the workplace are being advocated for with concerned authorities.
authors.affiliation: Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria ; Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Department, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Abisola Monisola
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Oladimeji
authors.affiliation: Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria ; Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Department, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Olufunmilayo
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fawole
authors.affiliation: Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nguku
authors.affiliation: Global Public Health Solutions, Decatur, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nsubuga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003906:Developing Countries; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006077:Government Agencies; D006184:Habits; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009790:Occupations; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012494:Sampling Studies; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: Hypertension; Kaduna; body mass index; civil servants; obesity; overweight