title: Genetic divergence in populations of Lutzomyia ayacuchensis, a vector of Andean-type cutaneous leishmaniasis, in Ecuador and Peru.
abstract: Haplotype and gene network analyses were performed on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and cytochrome b gene sequences of Lutzomyia (Lu.) ayacuchensis populations from Andean areas of Ecuador and southern Peru where the sand fly species transmit Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana and Leishmania (Viannia) peruviana, respectively, and populations from the northern Peruvian Andes, for which transmission of Leishmania by Lu. ayacuchensis has not been reported. The haplotype analyses showed higher intrapopulation genetic divergence in northern Peruvian Andes populations and less divergence in the southern Peru and Ecuador populations, suggesting that a population bottleneck occurred in the latter populations, but not in former ones. Importantly, both haplotype and phylogenetic analyses showed that populations from Ecuador consisted of clearly distinct clusters from southern Peru, and the two populations were separated from those of northern Peru.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan. Electronic address: hkato@vetmed.hokudai.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hirotomo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Departamento Académico de Microbiología Médica, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: Abraham G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Cáceres
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Catolica de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Eduardo A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mimori
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uezato
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan; Prometeo, Secretaria Nacional de Educacion Superior, Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion (SENESCYT), Quito, Ecuador; Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hashiguchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D045303:Cytochromes b / Q000235:genetics; D004484:Ecuador; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D007891:Leishmania; D007894:Leishmania mexicana; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000635:transmission; D010568:Peru; D010802:Phylogeny; D011576:Psychodidae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D045303:Cytochromes b; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV
keywords: Cytochrome b; Cytochrome oxidase I; Lutzomyia ayacuchensis; Phlebotomine sand fly