title: [The biological function of trophology, biological reactions of exo- and endotrophy the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, leptin and adiponectin: a lecture].
abstract: The metabolic syndrome or overeating syndrome is a phylogenetically conditioned sequence of symptoms with common pathogenesis. The etiological factor of metabolic syndrome is higher consumption of food which is optimal on all other parameters. The enterocytes and adipocytes of omentum constitute in phylogenesis sense a unified cenosis regulated paracrinally and realizing by turns biological reactions of exo- and endotrophy. The visceral adiposity, higher level of unesterified fatty acids, formation of fatty acids pool in the form of micelle in blood, their embedding into endothelium membrane and increase of size of enterocytes are causes of increasing of hydro-dynamic pressure. The associates of albumin with more than physiologically needed amount of fatty acids are accepted by toll-similar receptors as "alien" and reaction of inflammation is initiated. In cells, overloaded with lipids "endoplasmatic stress" is developed, synthesis (folding) of proteins is disordered and their destruction similar to apoptosis is activated In a phylogenesis sense, the visceral fat is fatty acids 'depot to implement biological functions of homeostasis, trophology, endoecology and adaptation and which is regulated at the level of paracrin cenosis an is anatomically limited. The subcutaneous depot is a consequence of implementation of function of locomotion and has no limits in size. The visceral fatty cells have no receptors to philogenically late insulin. The specialized adipocytes with receptors to insulin and glucose transporter type 4 are the cells of subcutaneous depot of fatty acids. They are regulated philogenetically with late humoral mode at the level of organism. The leptin is an initiator of humoral hypothalamic regulation in vivo of size of visceral and insensible to insulin fatty acids qualitatively programmed in ontgogeny. Leptin prevents "endoplasmatic stress" and apoptosis of cells and regulates amount of consumed food Leptin initiates switching storage of fatty acids from visceral pool of fatty acids to subcutaneous pool of adipocytes. Adiponectin represents phylogenetically late humoral initiator of regulation of optimal number of cells from level of hypothalamus in vivo. Adiponectin is biologically assigned to regulate number (proliferation) insulin-depended adipocytes in subcutaneous fatty tissue.
authors.forename: V N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Titov
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D006963:Hyperphagia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D020738:Leptin