title: Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in Chilean population.
abstract: In oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC and OPSCC) exist an association between clinical and histopathological parameters with cell proliferation, basal lamina, connective tissue degradation and surrounding stroma markers. We evaluated these associations in Chilean patients. A convenience sample of 37 cases of OCSCC (n=16) and OPSCC (n=21) was analyzed clinically (TNM, clinical stage) and histologically (WHO grade of differentiation, pattern of tumor invasion). We assessed the expression of p53, Ki67, HOXA1, HOXB7, type IV collagen (ColIV) and carcinoma-associated fibroblast (α-SMA-positive cells). Additionally we conducted a univariate/bivariate analysis to assess the relationship of these variables with survival rates. Males were mostly affected (56.2% OCSCC, 76.2% OPSCC). Patients were mainly diagnosed at III/IV clinical stages (68.8% OCSCC, 90.5% OPSCC) with a predominantly infiltrative pattern invasion (62.9% OCSCC, 57.1% OPSCC). Significant association between regional lymph nodes (N) and clinical stage with OCSCC-HOXB7 expression (Chi-Square test P < 0.05) was observed. In OPSCC a statistically significant association exists between p53, Ki67 with gender (Chi-Square test P < 0.05). In OCSCC and OPSCC was statistically significant association between ki67 with HOXA1, HOXB7, and between these last two antigens (Pearson's Correlation test P < 0.05). Furthermore OPSCC-p53 showed significant correlation when it was compared with α-SMA (Kendall's Tau-c test P < 0.05). Only OCSCC-pattern invasion and OPSCC-primary tumor (T) pattern resulted associated with survival at the end of the follow up period (Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio, P < 0.05). Clinical, histological and immunohistochemical features are similar to seen in other countries. Cancer proliferation markers were associated strongly from each other. Our sample highlights prognostic value of T and pattern of invasion, but the conclusions may be limited and should be considered with caution (small sample). Many cases were diagnosed in the advanced stages of the disease, which suggests that the diagnosis of OCSCC and OPSCC is made late.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of Talca (UTALCA) Talca, Maule Region, Chile ; Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil ; Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory - CNPEM Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: César
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.affiliation: Oral Pathology and Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Valparaíso Valparaíso, Valparaíso Region, Chile.
authors.forename: Wilfredo A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: González-Arriagada
authors.affiliation: Morpho-physiopathology and Cytodiagnosis Laboratory, San Sebastián University (USS) Concepción, Bío-Bío Region, Chile.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loyola-Brambilla
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Oslei Paes
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo Della
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Coletta
authors.affiliation: Unit of Oral Pathology, Department of Stomatology, University of Talca Talca, Maule Region, Chile ; Carlos Van Buren Hospital Valparaíso, Valparaíso Region, Chile.
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Venegas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002677:Chile; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: HOX genes; Squamous cell carcinoma; TNM; carcinoma-associated fibroblast; ki67; oral cavity cancer; oropharyngeal cancer; p53; pattern of tumor invasion; type IV collagen