title: Cardiovascular effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists.
abstract: Patients with type 2 diabetes have a several-fold increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease when compared with nondiabetic controls. Myocardial infarction and stroke are responsible for 75% of all death in patients with diabetes, who present a 2-4× increased incidence of death from coronary artery disease. Patients with diabetes are considered for cardiovascular disease secondary prevention because their risk level is similar to that reported in patients without diabetes who have already suffered a myocardial infarction. More recently, with a better risk factors control, mainly in intensive LDL cholesterol targets with statins, a significant decrease in acute cardiovascular events was observed in population with diabetes. Together with other major risk factors, type 2 diabetes must be considered as an important cause of cardiovascular disease.Glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists represent a novel class of anti-hyperglycemic agents that have a cardiac-friendly profile, preserve neuronal cells and inhibit neuronal degeneration, an anti-inflammatory effect in liver protecting it against steatosis, increase insulin sensitivity, promote weight loss, and increase satiety or anorexia.This review is intended to rationally compile the multifactorial cardiovascular effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists available for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina, Pontifica Universidade Catolica de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil. jfsaraiva@uol.com.br.
authors.forename: Francisco Kerr
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Saraiva
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology (AteroLab), Cardiology Division, State University of Campinas Medicine School (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil. andreisposito@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Andrei C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Sposito
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000187:drug effects*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon / Q000819:agonists*
chemical_list: C000593833:GLP1R protein, human; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1