title: Proinflammatory cytokines correlate with depression and anxiety in colorectal cancer patients.
abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate whether serum cytokine levels correlate with depression and anxiety in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Twenty patients hospitalized for surgical resection of CRC were included in the study group and twenty healthy volunteers comprised the control group. Depression and anxiety were analyzed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α, and TGF-β were measured by Cytometric Bead Array. We found that more than half of CRC patients presented clinically significant levels of anxiety or depression, and 65% of them manifested a combination of severe anxiety and depression. CRC patients had increased serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α but lower IL-10 concentrations. Correlation analysis between HADS score and cytokine levels revealed a positive association of anxiety and/or depression with IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α and a negative correlation with IL-10. These results indicate that circulating proinflammatory cytokines are involved in the pathophysiology of anxiety and depression in CRC patients. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in these psychological disorders will allow the design of therapeutic interventions that lead to an improved quality of life and overall survival of CRC patients.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Public Health Nursing, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, 14040-902 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1313-1718
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oliveira Miranda
authors.affiliation: University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, 14040-902 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Taís Aparecida
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Soares de Lima
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Biology, Institute of Bioscience, Language & Literature and Exact Science, São Paulo State University, 15054-010 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ribeiro Azevedo
authors.affiliation: Division of Coloproctology, Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14048-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Feres
authors.affiliation: Division of Coloproctology, Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14048-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Joaquim
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ribeiro da Rocha
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Public Health Nursing, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, 14040-902 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil ; University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, 14040-902 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil ; Department of Maternal-Infant Nursing and Public Health, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-902 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6743-0553
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pereira-da-Silva
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D003710:Demography; D003863:Depression / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators