title: Granulosa cell tumor of ovary: A clinicopathological study of four cases with brief review of literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adult granulosa cell tumor (GCT) is a rare ovarian malignancy having good prognosis in comparison with other epithelial tumors. The study aims to collect data of all granulosa cell tumors diagnosed in ESIC Medical College & PGIMSR, Rajajinagar, Bangalore over the last 3 years and to describe the patient profile, ultrasonographic and various histopathological features.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 4 granulosa cell tumors were diagnosed in ESIC Medical College & PGIMSR, Rajajinagar, Bangalore during the period from June 2010 to June 2013. The patient's age, clinical manifestations, radiological and histopathological findings were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 4 patients were diagnosed as adult granulosa cell tumor, three of four cases were in premenopausal age group and one case was in perimenopausal age. The clinical manifestations were menorrhagia and abdominal pain. Ultrasonographically, 2 cases of granulosa cell tumors were both solid and cystic and one case each was either solid or cystic. Histologically, variety of patterns like diffuse, trabecular, cords, spindle and clear cells were noted. Both Call-Exner bodies and nuclear grooves were observed in all cases. All four cases showed simple hyperplasia without atypia endometrial findings. Follow up on all patients revealed no evidence of recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary is a rare ovarian entity. The important prognostic factor is staging of the tumor. Staging and histopathology helps in prediction of survival. Also diligent endometrial pathology has to be sorted to rule out endometrial carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Employees State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science and Research, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Vani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Employees State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science and Research, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Geethamala
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Employees State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science and Research, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Geetha
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Employees State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science and Research, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Murthy V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Srinivasa
keywords: Endometrial pathology; Granulosa cell tumor; histopathological findings; ovary