title: "Pain Can't Stop Me": Examining Pain Self-Efficacy and Acceptance as Resilience Processes Among Youth With Chronic Headache.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine pain self-efficacy and pain acceptance in relation to functioning in pediatric patients with chronic headache.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 209 youth aged 8-17 years who presented for a multidisciplinary pediatric headache clinic evaluation. They completed measures of pain self-efficacy and pain acceptance and a standard battery of clinical measures including indicators of emotional functioning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pain self-efficacy and acceptance were associated with less disability, better school functioning, and fewer depressive symptoms. While taking into account several demographic and pain-related variables, pain self-efficacy had a greater association with less functional disability, while pain acceptance had a greater association with less depressive symptoms and better school functioning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that both resilience processes can serve to positively interact with functioning and symptoms of depression. Ultimately, this study suggests that higher levels of pain self-efficacy and pain acceptance in an individual experiencing pain are associated with more positive outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Harvard College, Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital.
authors.forename: Sreeja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kalapurakkel
authors.affiliation: Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Carpino
authors.affiliation: Harvard College,Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, andP.A.I.N. Group, Boston Children's Hospital, Center for Pain and the Brain, Harvard Medical School.
authors.forename: Alyssa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lebel
authors.affiliation: Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, and P.A.I.N. Group, Boston Children's Hospital, Center for Pain and the Brain, Harvard Medical School Laura.Simons@childrens.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Simons
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D020773:Headache Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D020377:Self Efficacy
keywords: chronic and recurrent pain; headache; psychological functioning; resilience