title: Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of polysaccharides, essential oil, and fatty oil extracted from Laurus nobilis growing in Lebanon.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the antibacterial activity of the extracts of Laurus nobilis against three Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and Staphylococcus epidermidis CIP 444) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853). Also, the antibiofilm activity has been investigated against the biofilm produced by Staphylococcus epidermidis CIP 444.
  
  
  METHODS
  The polysaccharides, essential oil, and fatty oils extracted from the plant were used in broth microdilution methods to study the minimal inhibitory concentration, and then the minimal bactericidal concentration was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that alginate, fucoidan, fatty oils and essential oil have good antibacterial activities against the 5 bacterial strains, and a negligible biofilm eradication activity of fucoidan, laminaran, fatty oil, and essential oil was observed, but a promising biofilm eradication activity was obtained with alginate, which showed a reduced biofilm mass even at low concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The extracts obtained have promising antibacterial capacities which need further investigation for them to be incorporated in medical or nutritional applications.
authors.affiliation: PRASE, Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Lebanese University, PO Box 5, Hadath Campus, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chmit
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Substances and Health Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon. Electronic address: hkanaan@ul.edu.lb.
authors.forename: Hussein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanaan
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Substances and Health Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Habib
authors.affiliation: PRASE, Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Lebanese University, PO Box 5, Hadath Campus, Beirut, Lebanon; Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath Campus, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abbass
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath Campus, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mcheik
authors.affiliation: PRASE, Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Lebanese University, PO Box 5, Hadath Campus, Beirut, Lebanon; Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath Campus, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chokr
keywords: Antibacterial activity; Antibiofilm activity; Essential oil; Laurus nobilis; Polysaccharides