title: Electromyographic analysis of responses to third person intergroup threat.
abstract: This study attempts to replicate and extend the findings from Davis and Stephan's (2011) article investigating facial electromyographic (EMG) responses to individually directed or group-directed realistic threat. Using news footage from the Columbine school shootings as a third-person threatening stimulus, participants were instructed to view the clips while considering how they felt during the original events (individually primed) or how students felt during the original events (group-primed). EMG analysis of activity levels of the medial frontalis and the corrugator supercilii indicated differential activation based on the instructions. Individually primed participants experienced more fontalis activity and group-primed participants experienced more corrugator supercilii activity. These findings replicated the Davis and Stephan results and extended it to a third person-based intergroup threat.
authors.affiliation: a The University of West Alabama.
authors.forename: Mark Daniel
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods*; D004645:Empathy / Q000502:physiology*; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D005239:Fear / Q000502:physiology*; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ITT; emotion; facial EMG; intergroup threat