title: The effect of a microcatheter-based selective intra-arterial hypothermia on hemodynamic changes following transient cerebral ischemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the effect of a microcatheter-based selectively induced intra-arterial hypothermia on hemodynamic changes following transient cerebral ischemia in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stroke was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by a two-hour middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) using a microcatheter. After the two-hour MCAO, 0·9% cold saline (0°C) was selectively infused through a microcatheter. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the ischemic brain region was continuously monitored by Laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF) during the procedure. Following ischemia/reperfusion, serial functional neurologic testing was performed, and cerebral infarct volume was evaluated after 48 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The local cold saline infusion, via a microcatheter, achieved a rapid induction of brain hypothermia (cerebral cortex from 37·1 ± 0·3 to 30·7 ± 0·4°C; striatum from 37·5 ± 0·3 to 30·9 ± 0·5°C). When compared to the non-treatment group, the local cold saline infusion treatment reduced both post-ischemic hyperperfusion (about 40%, P < 0·01) and delayed post-ischemic hypoperfusion (P < 0·01), improved functional neurological testing (P < 0·01), and reduced both cerebral infarction volume (40·6 ± 5·3 vs. 61·7 ± 8·6%, P < 0·01) and cerebral edema (7·8 ± 2·6 vs.15·4 ± 3·2%, P < 0·01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cold saline, when infused directly into the ischemic brain region, can confer robust neuroprotection by reducing immediate post-ischemic hyperperfusion and delayed post-ischemic hypoperfusion.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Vance
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fredrickson
authors.forename: Yuchuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Lingling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Yuming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Xunming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ji
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D057785:Catheters; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Hemodynamics,; Hypothermia,; Microcatheter,; Neuroprotection; Stroke,