title: Identification of proteins found to be significantly altered when comparing the serum proteome from Multiple Myeloma patients with varying degrees of bone disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bone destruction is a feature of multiple myeloma, characterised by osteolytic bone destruction due to increased osteoclast activity and suppressed or absent osteoblast activity. Almost all multiple myeloma patients develop osteolytic bone lesions associated with severe and debilitating bone pain, pathologic fractures, hypercalcemia, and spinal cord compression, as well as increased mortality. Biomarkers of bone remodelling are used to identify disease characteristics that can help select the optimal management of patients. However, more accurate biomarkers are needed to effectively mirror the dynamics of bone disease activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A label-free mass spectrometry-based strategy was employed for discovery phase analysis of fractionated patient serum samples associated with no or high bone disease. A number of proteins were identified which were statistically significantly correlated with bone disease, including enzymes, extracellular matrix glycoproteins, and components of the complement system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of complement C4 and serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 indicated that these proteins were associated with high bone disease in a larger independent cohort of patient samples. These biomolecules may therefore be clinically useful in assessing the extent of bone disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co, Kildare, Ireland. paul.dowling@nuim.ie.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dowling
authors.forename: Catriona
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Kay Reen
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Ting
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hameed
authors.forename: Justine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meiller
authors.forename: Constantine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mitsiades
authors.forename: Kenneth C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clynes
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: O'Gorman
mesh_terms: D019540:Area Under Curve; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics
chemical_list: D020543:Proteome