title: [Association between bacterial resistance and antimicrobial consumption].
abstract: The evolution of multidrug resistance remains an alarming topic due to selection pressure related to the inappropriate use of antibiotics.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our work is in this perspective and focuses on the evolution of the consumption of antibiotics active on gram-negative bacilli, and the evolution of bacterial resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  International indicator of antibiotic consumption was based on the method of Defined Daily Dose reported to the number of days of hospitalization. The search for a correlation between bacterial resistance and antibiotic consumption was conducted by the Spearman test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A statistically significant correlation was identified between the rates of enterobacteriaceae resistant to 3(rd) generation cephalosporin, particularly those secreting beta-lactamases with extended spectrum, and consumption of 3(rd) generation cephalosporin (p= 0.002) and imipenem (p= 0.04). Also, a statistically significant relationship between the multi-resistant bacteria and the rate of consumption of colistin (p= 0.041) and fluoroquinolones (p= 0.002) was also reported in this study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monitoring of both evolution of multidrug resistance and the use of antibiotics helps us to better understand the situation and establish more efficient antibiotic protocols.
authors.affiliation: Service de microbiologie, Centre hospitalo-universitaire Sahloul, Sousse, Tunisie.
authors.forename: Cherifa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chaouch
authors.affiliation: Service de pharmacie, Centre hospitalo-universitaire Sahloul, Sousse, Tunisie.
authors.forename: Amel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hassairi
authors.affiliation: Service de pharmacie, Centre hospitalo-universitaire Sahloul, Sousse, Tunisie.
authors.forename: Mounira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riba
authors.affiliation: Service de microbiologie, Centre hospitalo-universitaire Sahloul, Sousse, Tunisie.
authors.forename: Noureddine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Boujaafar
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: antibiotics; bacteria; resistance