title: Effect of fish and krill oil supplementation on glucose tolerance in rabbits with experimentally induced obesity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to investigate the effect of fish oil (FO) and krill oil (KO) supplementation on glucose tolerance in obese New Zealand white rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  The experiments were carried out with 24 male rabbits randomly divided into four groups: KO-castrated, treated with KO; FO-castrated, treated with FO; C-castrated, non-treated; NC-non-castrated, non-treated. At the end of treatment period (2 months), an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed in all rabbits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fasting blood glucose concentrations in FO and KO animals were significantly lower than in group C. The blood glucose concentrations in FO- and KO-treated animals returned to initial values after 30 and 60 min of IVGTT, respectively. In liver, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (Cpt2) and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (Hmgcs2) genes were significantly increased in FO-fed rabbits compared with the C group. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (Acaca) expression was significantly reduced in both KO- and FO-fed rabbits. In skeletal muscle, Hmgcs2 and Cd36 were significantly higher in KO-fed rabbits compared with the C group. Acaca expression was significantly lower in KO- and FO-fed rabbits compared with the C group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results indicate that FO and KO supplementation decreases fasting blood glucose and improves glucose tolerance in obese New Zealand white rabbits. This could be ascribed to the ameliorated insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion and modified gene expressions of some key enzymes involved in β-oxidation and lipogenesis in liver and skeletal muscle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Zhenya
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ivanova
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Bodil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bjørndal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Grigorova
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roussenov
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Ekaterina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vachkova
authors.affiliation: Aker BioMarine Antarctic AS, Fjordalléen 16, 0115, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Kjetil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berge
authors.affiliation: Aker BioMarine Antarctic AS, Fjordalléen 16, 0115, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Burri
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berge
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 6000, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Spaska
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stanilova
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Anelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Milanova
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Georgi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Penchev
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vik
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Infection and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Petrov
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Teodora Mircheva
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Georgieva
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Boycho
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bivolraski
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria. iv_p63@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ivan Penchev
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Georgiev
mesh_terms: D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D033201:Euphausiacea; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005399:Fishes; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006904:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005395:Fish Oils; D007328:Insulin; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase; D006904:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Synthase; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase
keywords: Fish oil; Gene expression; Glucose tolerance; Krill oil; Lipogenesis; Obesity