title: Making designer mutants in model organisms.
abstract: Recent advances in the targeted modification of complex eukaryotic genomes have unlocked a new era of genome engineering. From the pioneering work using zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), to the advent of the versatile and specific TALEN systems, and most recently the highly accessible CRISPR/Cas9 systems, we now possess an unprecedented ability to analyze developmental processes using sophisticated designer genetic tools. In this Review, we summarize the common approaches and applications of these still-evolving tools as they are being used in the most popular model developmental systems. Excitingly, these robust and simple genomic engineering tools also promise to revolutionize developmental studies using less well established experimental organisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA peng.ying@mayo.edu ekker.stephen@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA Mayo Addiction Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Karl J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA Mayo Addiction Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Jarryd M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: InSciEd Out and Mayo High School, Rochester Art Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Magdalena R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Panetta
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA Mayo Addiction Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA InSciEd Out and Mayo High School, Rochester Art Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA peng.ying@mayo.edu ekker.stephen@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Ekker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D064112:Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D003851:Deoxyribonucleases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D016335:Zinc Fingers / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D003851:Deoxyribonucleases
keywords: Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated systems (Cas9); Genome engineering; Model organisms; Transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN); Zinc finger nuclease (ZFN)