title: Prognosis after first-time myocardial infarction in patients with inflammatory bowel disease according to disease activity: nationwide cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. We examined the effect of active IBD on major adverse cardiovascular outcomes after myocardial infarction (MI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In nationwide registries, we identified 86 790 patients with first-time MI from the period 2002 to 2011. A total of 1030 patients had IBD, and we categorized their disease activity stages into either flare (120 days), persistent (>120 days) activity, or remission. Short-term mortality was estimated in a logistic regression-model, whereas risk of recurrent MI, all-cause mortality, and a composite of recurrent MI, cardiovascular death, and stroke were estimated by Cox regression-models. Odds ratio of death during hospitalization or within 30 days of discharge (n=13 339) corresponded to 3.29 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.98-5.45) for patients in IBD flares, 1.62 (95% CI, 0.95-2.77) for persistent activity, and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.78-1.19) for remission when compared with the non-IBD group. Among 73 451 patients, including 863 with IBD, alive 30 days after discharge, IBD was associated with hazard ratios of 1.21 (95% CI, 0.99-1.49) for recurrent MI, 1.14 (95% CI, 1.01-1.28) for all-cause mortality, and 1.17 (95% CI, 1.03-1.34) for the composite end point. When compared with the non-IBD group, IBD flares, in particular, were associated with increased risks of recurrent MI (hazard ratio, 3.09; 95% CI, 1.79-5.32), all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.61-3.15), and the composite end point (hazard ratio, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.35-3.06), whereas no increased risk was identified in remission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Active inflammatory bowel disease worsens prognosis after MI, in particular, in relation with flares.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark (S.L.K., O.A., J.L., M.L., U.K., G.H.G., P.R.H.), Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark (O.A.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (R.E.); Department of Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark (O.H.N.), Institute of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (G.H.G.). slk@heart.dk.
authors.forename: Søren Lund
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Kristensen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark (S.L.K., O.A., J.L., M.L., U.K., G.H.G., P.R.H.), Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark (O.A.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (R.E.); Department of Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark (O.H.N.), Institute of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (G.H.G.).
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ahlehoff
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark (S.L.K., O.A., J.L., M.L., U.K., G.H.G., P.R.H.), Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark (O.A.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (R.E.); Department of Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark (O.H.N.), Institute of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (G.H.G.).
authors.forename: Jesper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lindhardsen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark (S.L.K., O.A., J.L., M.L., U.K., G.H.G., P.R.H.), Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark (O.A.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (R.E.); Department of Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark (O.H.N.), Institute of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (G.H.G.).
authors.forename: Rune
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Erichsen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark (S.L.K., O.A., J.L., M.L., U.K., G.H.G., P.R.H.), Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark (O.A.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (R.E.); Department of Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark (O.H.N.), Institute of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (G.H.G.).
authors.forename: Morten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lamberts
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark (S.L.K., O.A., J.L., M.L., U.K., G.H.G., P.R.H.), Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark (O.A.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (R.E.); Department of Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark (O.H.N.), Institute of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (G.H.G.).
authors.forename: Usman
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Khalid
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark (S.L.K., O.A., J.L., M.L., U.K., G.H.G., P.R.H.), Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark (O.A.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (R.E.); Department of Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark (O.H.N.), Institute of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (G.H.G.).
authors.forename: Ole Haagen
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark (S.L.K., O.A., J.L., M.L., U.K., G.H.G., P.R.H.), Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark (O.A.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (R.E.); Department of Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark (O.H.N.), Institute of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (G.H.G.).
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Torp-Pedersen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark (S.L.K., O.A., J.L., M.L., U.K., G.H.G., P.R.H.), Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark (O.A.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (R.E.); Department of Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark (O.H.N.), Institute of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (G.H.G.).
authors.forename: Gunnar Hilmar
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Gislason
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark (S.L.K., O.A., J.L., M.L., U.K., G.H.G., P.R.H.), Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark (O.A.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (R.E.); Department of Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark (O.H.N.), Institute of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (C.T.-P.); and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (G.H.G.).
authors.forename: Peter Riis
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hansen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Crohn's disease; colitis, ulcerative; inflammatory bowel disease; myocardial infarction; prognosis