title: Granulosa cell tumor of testis: clinicopathological correlation of a rare tumor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Granulosa cell tumor of testis is a rare tumor accounting for less than 4% of adult testicular tumors though they account for nearly 30% of childhood testicular tumors. Due to the rarity of these tumors, exact etiology, pathogenesis, prognostic factors and best treatment approach are not well known. The molecular events in pathogenesis of these stromal tumors have begun to unravel and these developments put forth a reasonable and scientific explanation for the association of these tumors with developmental anomalies like undescended testis. However, many questions remain unanswered.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective analysis of clinicopathological features of all Granulosa Cell Tumors of testis from our archives in addition to an extensive literature search using PUBMED with the key words "Granulosa Cell Tumor, testis".
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found six cases in our archives, two of which were of juvenile type and four of adult type. One out of these six cases presented with metastases. All cases underwent radical orchidectomy. Morphology and immunohistochemistry were classical in all cases and there was no diagnostic dilemma. Literature search revealed 63 cases of testicular Granulosa Cell Tumor in addition to highlighting the similarities in the biology and the dissimilarities in the clinical behavior as compared to ovarian Granulosa Cell Tumor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Testicular Granulosa Cell Tumor is a rare tumor, which although histologically similar to its ovarian counterpart, differs in clinical behavior. Further detailed investigations are needed to reveal the mystery behind the differing clinical behavior despite histological and immunohistochemical similarity between the testicular and ovarian Granulosa Cell Tumors.
authors.forename: Swapnil Ulhas
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Rane
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology & Urology Disease Management Group, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Santosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.forename: Sangeeta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: Ganesh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bakshi
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Joshi
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D064032:Calbindin 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006106:Granulosa Cell Tumor / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007265:Inhibins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009919:Orchiectomy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D014746:Vimentin / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C541116:ACTA2 protein, human; D000199:Actins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D064032:Calbindin 2; D014746:Vimentin; D007265:Inhibins