title: Intraprostatic injections for lower urinary tract symptoms treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to review and discuss recently published (2013-2014) experimental and clinical studies of intraprostatic injection therapy as an alternative treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recent focus has been on intraprostatic injection of botulinum toxin both with regard to mechanism of action and efficacy. In contrast to the promising findings in several previous studies, a recent large, randomized, placebo-controlled trial found no differences between onabotulinumtoxin A treatment and placebo. There is little new information on the use of anhydrous ethanol and agents such as NX-1207 and PRX302, which previously have been reported to have promising effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraprostatic injection of different agents as a minimally invasive surgical therapy for LUTS associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia seems attractive and may have a potential as a treatment alternative, but so far, available results are not convincing. Further studies on the mechanisms of action of novel agents, and controlled clinical trials documenting their efficacy and side-effects when injected into the prostate are needed before their place in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia/LUTS can be properly assessed.
authors.affiliation: aInstitute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA bAarhus Institute for Advanced Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Karl-Erik
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Andersson
mesh_terms: D065087:Acetylcholine Release Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D011467:Prostate; D012997:Solvents / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D065087:Acetylcholine Release Inhibitors; D012997:Solvents; D000431:Ethanol; D001905:Botulinum Toxins