title: A novel long non-coding RNA ENST00000480739 suppresses tumour cell invasion by regulating OS-9 and HIF-1α in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Invasion and metastasis are the distinct biologic characteristics of cancer, resulting in an exceptionally low 5-year survival rate in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Understanding in detail the mechanisms underlying PDAC metastasis is critical for prevention and effective interventions. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been documented as having a critical role in cancer development and progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the expression levels of lncRNA ENST00000480739 and osteosarcoma amplified-9 (OS-9) mRNA in a cohort of 35 PDAC patients. Cell proliferation, invasion and migration were examined with and without ENST00000480739 overexpression in PDAC cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We determined that the ENST00000480739 expression level was remarkably decreased in tumorous tissues compared with their corresponding non-tumorous tissues. The expression of ENST00000480739 was negatively associated with tumour node metastasis stage and lymph node metastasis. In addition, ENST0000048073 was an independent prognostic factor of survival time in PDAC patients following surgery. Besides, enforced expression of ENST00000480739 suppressed PDAC cells' invasion in vitro. Overexpression of ENST00000480739 significantly increased both mRNA and protein levels of OS-9, and the luciferase assays confirmed that ENST00000480739 positively regulates OS-9 by activating the transcription level of the OS-9 promoter. We further found that ENST00000480739 may target hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression by upregulating OS-9.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that the frequently downregulated ENST00000480739 in PDAC contributes to tumour metastasis and progression by regulating HIF-1α. Long non-coding RNA ENST00000480739 may provide not only a therapeutic potential to suppress metastasis but it may also be a novel biomarker for risk prognostication and personal therapy screening of PDAC patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Y-W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Y-F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Y-M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: D-J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: J-F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: J-Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: X-L
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000502:physiology*; D037102:Lectins / Q000502:physiology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D051379:Mice; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D037102:Lectins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C098898:OS9 protein, human; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding