title: Aerobic exercise training promotes additional cardiac benefits better than resistance exercise training in postmenopausal rats with diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise training or resistance exercise training on cardiac morphometric, functional, and oxidative stress parameters in rats with ovarian hormone deprivation and diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female Wistar rats (200-220 g) were divided into a sham-operated group (euglycemic sham-operated sedentary [ES]; n = 8) and three ovariectomized (bilateral removal of ovaries) and diabetic (streptozotocin 50 mg/kg IV) groups as follows: diabetic ovariectomized sedentary (DOS; n = 8), diabetic ovariectomized undergoing aerobic exercise training (DOTA; n = 8), and diabetic ovariectomized undergoing resistance exercise training (DOTR; n = 8). After 8 weeks of resistance (ladder) or aerobic (treadmill) exercise training, left ventricle function and morphometry were evaluated by echocardiography, whereas oxidative stress was evaluated at the left ventricle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The DOS group presented with increased left ventricle cavity in diastole and relative wall thickness (RWT), and these changes were attenuated in both DOTA and DOTR groups. Systolic and diastolic function was impaired in the DOS group compared with the ES group, and only the DOTA group was able to reverse this dysfunction. Lipoperoxidation and glutathione redox balance were improved in both trained groups compared with the DOS group. Glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were higher in the DOTA group than in the other studied groups. Correlations were observed between lipoperoxidation and left ventricle cavity in diastole (r = 0.55), between redox balance and RWT (r = 0.62), and between lipoperoxidation and RWT (r = -0.60).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aerobic exercise training and resistance exercise training promote attenuation of cardiac morphometric dysfunction associated with a reduction in oxidative stress in an experimental model of diabetes and menopause. However, only dynamic aerobic exercise training is able to attenuate systolic and diastolic dysfunction under this condition.
authors.affiliation: From the 1Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil; 2Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and 3Facultad de Farmácia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Quinteiro
authors.forename: Morgana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buzin
authors.forename: Filipe Fernandes
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: Danielle da Silva
authors.initials: Dda S
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Figueroa
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Llesuy
authors.forename: Maria-Cláudia
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Irigoyen
authors.forename: Iris Callado
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Sanches
authors.forename: Kátia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: De Angelis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003971:Diastole / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008593:Menopause; D023421:Models, Animal; D010052:Ovariectomy; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D055070:Resistance Training; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology