title: Respiratory review of 2014: pulmonary thromboembolism.
abstract: Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis, is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this review is to summarize the findings from clinically important publications over the last year in the area of VTE. In this review, we discuss 11 randomized controlled trials published from March 2013 to April 2014. The COAG and the EU-PACT trials indicate that pharmacogenetic testing has either no usefulness in the initial dosing of vitamin K antagonists or marginal usefulness in the Caucasian population. Recent clinical trials with novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have demonstrated that the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban, and dabigatran are not inferior to those of conventional anticoagulants for the treatment of VTE. The PEITHO and ULTIMA trials suggested that rescue thrombolysis or catheter-directed thrombolysis may maximize the clinical benefits and minimize the bleeding risk. Lastly, riociguat has a proven efficacy in treating chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. In the future, NOACs, riociguat, and catheter-directed thrombolysis have the potential to revolutionize the management of patients with VTE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension and Venous Thrombosis Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Seung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: Anticoagulants; Pharmacogenetics; Pulmonary Embolism; Thrombolytic Therapy; Venous Thromboembolism