title: Effect of Salicornia herbacea on osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis in vitro.
abstract: Bone-related complications are among the highest concerning metabolic diseases in the modern world. Bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture increase with age and diseases like osteoporosis. Elevated adipogenesis in bone results in osteoporosis and loss of bone mass when coupled with lack of osteoblastogenesis. In this study the potential effect of Salicornia herbacea extract against osteoporotic conditions was evaluated. Adipogenesis inhibitory effect of S. herbacea has been evidenced by decreased lipid accumulation of differentiating cells and expression levels of crucial adipogenesis markers in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. S. herbacea treatment reduced the lipid accumulation by 25% of the control. In addition, mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)α and sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)1c were inhibited by the presence of S. herbacea. Bone formation enhancement effect of S. herbacea was also confirmed in MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts. The presence of S. herbacea significantly elevated the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity by 120% at a concentration of 100 μg/mL in differentiating osteoblasts. S. herbacea also significantly increased the expression of osteoblastogenesis indicators, ALP, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, osteocalcin and collagen type I (collagen-I). In conclusion, S. herbacea possess potential to be utilized as a source of anti-osteoporotic agent that can inhibit adipogenesis while promoting osteoblastogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Korea. f_karadeniz@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Karadeniz
authors.affiliation: Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Korea. 1506audtnr@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Jung-Ae
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic Material Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea. icetwig@naver.com.
authors.forename: Byul-Nim
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Korea. 1506audtnr@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Myeong Sook
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Korea. cskong@silla.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Chang-Suk
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kong
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D019663:Chenopodiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; C530718:CEBPA protein, mouse; D024042:Collagen Type I; D008055:Lipids; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010936:Plant Extracts; C497388:Srebf1 protein, mouse; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1