title: Modeling how shark and dolphin skin patterns control transitional wall-turbulence vorticity patterns using spatiotemporal phase reset mechanisms.
abstract: Many slow-moving biological systems like seashells and zebrafish that do not contend with wall turbulence have somewhat organized pigmentation patterns flush with their outer surfaces that are formed by underlying autonomous reaction-diffusion (RD) mechanisms. In contrast, sharks and dolphins contend with wall turbulence, are fast swimmers, and have more organized skin patterns that are proud and sometimes vibrate. A nonlinear spatiotemporal analytical model is not available that explains the mechanism underlying control of flow with such proud patterns, despite the fact that shark and dolphin skins are major targets of reverse engineering mechanisms of drag and noise reduction. Comparable to RD, a minimal self-regulation model is given for wall turbulence regeneration in the transitional regime--laterally coupled, diffusively--which, although restricted to pre-breakdown durations and to a plane close and parallel to the wall, correctly reproduces many experimentally observed spatiotemporal organizations of vorticity in both laminar-to-turbulence transitioning and very low Reynolds number but turbulent regions. We further show that the onset of vorticity disorganization is delayed if the skin organization is treated as a spatiotemporal template of olivo-cerebellar phase reset mechanism. The model shows that the adaptation mechanisms of sharks and dolphins to their fluid environment have much in common.
authors.affiliation: Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, RI 02841, USA.
authors.forename: Promode R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Bandyopadhyay
authors.affiliation: Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, RI 02841, USA.
authors.forename: Aren M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hellum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004058:Diffusion; D004289:Dolphins / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D010858:Pigmentation / Q000502:physiology; D012754:Sharks / Q000502:physiology*; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena; D062211:Spatio-Temporal Analysis; D015027:Zebrafish