title: Evaluating the effects of oral morphine on embryonic development of cerebellum in wistar rats.
abstract: In the present research, the effect of morphine consumption during pregnancy on the development of the embryo's spinal cord was studied in Wistar rat.
  250-300 g) were mated with males. The test group received morphine (0.01 mg/ml) in their drinking water. Pregnant rats were later killed with chloroform on the 12th, 13th and 14th days of pregnancy, and the embryos were taken out surgically. The embryos were fixed in formalin 10% for 2 weeks. Then, the weight of fixed embryos was calculated by a scale. In addition, several animals' sizes including fronto-posterior and lateral length were measured by a caliper. Tissue processing, sectioning and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining were applied for the embryos. The sections were examined for spinal cord development by light microscope and MOTIC software. Significant decrease was observed in the fronto-posterior and lateral length and the weight of the embryos in the test groups. The thickness of the white matter layer decreased on the 12th, 13th and 14th embryonic days. The thickness of the spine's grey layer was also less than the control group, on the same days. Increase in the length of the ependimal duct observed as well. Number of grey substance cells decreased compared to the control group within the same days. Meanwhile, thickness of the germinal layer reduced in comparison to the control group on the mentioned days. In conclusion, morphine consumption during pregnancy causes defects in growth and completion of the spinal cord.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, School of Science, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Narges A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Niknam
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, School of Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahnaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azarnia
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah (a.s.) University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bahadoran
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah (a.s.) University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Masoomeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kazemi
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah (a.s.) University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Elaheh
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tekieh
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah (a.s.) University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ranjbaran
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah (a.s.) University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hedayat
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sahraei
keywords: Epandimal Duct; Grey Matter; Morphine; Rat; Spinal Cord; White Matter