title: Personalized weight loss strategies-the role of macronutrient distribution.
abstract: A large number of different dietary approaches have been studied in an attempt to achieve healthy, sustainable weight loss among individuals with overweight and obesity. Restriction of energy intake is the primary method of producing a negative energy balance leading to weight loss. However, owing to the different metabolic roles of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids in energy homeostasis, diets of similar overall energy content but with different macronutrient distribution can differentially affect metabolism, appetite and thermogenesis. Evidence increasingly suggests that the fuel values of calories provided by distinct macronutrients should be considered separately, as metabolism of specific molecular components generates differences in energy yield. The causes of variation in individual responses to various diets are currently under debate, and some evidence suggests that differences are associated with specific genotypes. This Review discusses all available systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and summarizes the results of relevant randomized controlled intervention trials assessing the influence of macronutrient composition on weight management. The initial findings of research into personalized nutrition, based on the interactions of macronutrient intake and genetic background and its potential influence on dietary intervention strategies, are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nutrition Research, CIBERobn (Fisiopatología de la obesidad), University of Navarra, c/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
authors.forename: J Alfredo
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nutrition Research, CIBERobn (Fisiopatología de la obesidad), University of Navarra, c/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Navas-Carretero
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wim H M
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Saris
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26 Frederiksberg C, DK-1958, Denmark.
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Astrup
mesh_terms: D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000379:methods*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy*; D057285:Precision Medicine
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins