title: Cancer-like metabolism of the mammalian retina.
abstract: The retina, like many cancers, produces energy from glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen. This phenomenon is known as aerobic glycolysis and eponymously as the Warburg effect. In recent years, the Warburg effect has become an explosive area of study within the cancer research community. The expanding knowledge about the molecular mechanisms underpinning the Warburg effect in cancer promises to provide a greater understanding of mammalian retinal metabolism and has motivated cancer researchers to target the Warburg effect as a novel treatment strategy for cancer. However, if the molecular mechanisms underlying the Warburg effect are shared by the retina and cancer, treatments targeting the Warburg effect may have serious adverse effects on retinal metabolism. Herein, we provide an updated understanding of the Warburg effect in mammalian retina.
authors.affiliation: South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Soo Khai
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: John P M
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.affiliation: South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Glyn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chidlow
authors.affiliation: South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Guoge
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular and Biomedical Science (Biochemistry), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.|Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Thaksaon
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kittipassorn
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular and Biomedical Science (Biochemistry), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Peet
authors.affiliation: South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Casson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D006019:Glycolysis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation; D010100:Oxygen / Q000502:physiology*; D011770:Pyruvate Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011770:Pyruvate Kinase; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: HIF-1; PKM2; Warburg effect; aerobic glycolysis; mammalian retina