title: Defining success in infant penetrating keratoplasty for developmental corneal opacities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neonatal corneal opacities (NCO) are one of the common causes of visual impairment in infants. We present the two infants with penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) for unilateral NCO with different visual and graft outcomes, and illustrate the importance of timing of surgery, importance of visual rehabilitation, and the lack of necessity of a clear graft to achieve reasonable visual function in infants with NCO.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two infants with unilateral NCO (Peters anomaly) underwent PKP at age of 5.5 weeks (Case One) and 16 weeks (Case Two). Postoperative optical correction, amblyopia therapy, visual and graft outcomes were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the last follow-up (9.5 years in both the cases), Case One achieved a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/80 with -22 D of contact lens. The graft had a small clear zone centrally but otherwise was opacified to some extent. Case Two achieved a BCVA of 20/125 at 30 cms eccentrically with a clear graft. Case Two was uncooperative for amblyopia therapy and optical treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For a successful visual outcome in NCO, early PKP, aggressive amblyopia therapy, optical correction, and commitment from the parents for longterm follow-up and demanding treatment are required.
authors.affiliation: From the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; however, the principal work was carried out at the.
authors.forename: Anagha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Medsinge
authors.affiliation: Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Lynne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Speedwell
authors.affiliation: From the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; however, the principal work was carried out at the Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom. nischalkk@upmc.edu.
authors.forename: Ken K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Nischal
mesh_terms: D000550:Amblyopia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D000869:Anterior Eye Segment / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D003318:Corneal Opacity / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery*; D005124:Eye Abnormalities / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015948:Keratoplasty, Penetrating / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity
keywords: amblyopia; neonatal corneal opacity; penetrating keratoplasty