title: The effect of rumination and reappraisal on social anxiety symptoms during cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is growing interest in the role of transdiagnostic processes in the onset, maintenance, and treatment of mental disorders (Nolen-Hoeksema & Watkins, 2011). Two such transdiagnostic processes-rumination and reappraisal-are the focus of the present study. The main objective was to examine the roles of rumination (thought to be harmful) and reappraisal (thought to be helpful) in adults with social anxiety disorder (SAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) with 75 adults with SAD and examined pre- to post-CBT changes as well as weekly fluctuations in rumination, reappraisal, and social anxiety symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Socially anxious individuals' baseline rumination (brooding) scores predicted weekly levels of social anxiety, rumination, and reappraisal, whereas baseline reappraisal scores did not. Greater weekly rumination was associated with greater weekly social anxiety, but reappraisal was not related to social anxiety.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that rumination may have a more significant role than reappraisal in understanding fluctuations in social anxiety during CBT for SAD.
authors.affiliation: Stanford University.
authors.forename: Faith A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Brozovich
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goldin
authors.forename: Ihno
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hooria
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jazaieri
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Heimberg
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gross
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D020377:Self Efficacy; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: CBT; brooding; cognitive reappraisal; emotion regulation; rumination; social anxiety