title: Kinin B2 receptor does not exert renoprotective effects on mice with glycerol-induced rhabdomyolysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate a potential protective role of the kinin B2 receptor in a glycerol-induced rhabdomyolysis mouse model.
  
  
  METHODS
  We separated 28 C57Bl/6 male mice into 4 groups: untreated WT animals, untreated B2 knockout mice, glycerol-treated WT and glycerol-treated B2 knockout mice. Glycerol-treated animals received one intramuscular injections of glycerol solution (50% v/v, 7 mL/kg). After 48 h, urine and blood samples were collected to measure creatinine and urea levels. Additionally, kidney samples were extracted for histological evaluation, and the mRNA expression levels of kinin B1 and B2 receptors and inflammatory mediators were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum creatinine and urea levels showed differences between untreated wild-type and glycerol-treated wild-type mice (0.66 ± 0.04 vs 2.61 ± 0.53 mg/dL, P < 0.01; and 33.51 ± 2.08 vs 330.2 ± 77.7 mg/dL, P < 0.005), and between untreated B2 knockout mice and glycerol-treated knockout mice (0.56 ± 0.03 vs 2.23 ± 0.87 mg/dL, P < 0.05; and 42.49 ± 3.2 vs 327.2 ± 58.4 mg/dL, P < 0.01), but there was no difference between the glycerol-treated wild-type and glycerol-treated knockout mice. Glycerol was able to induce a striking increase in kinin B2 receptor expression (> 30 times, 31.34 ± 8.9) in kidney. Animals injected with glycerol had a higher degree of tubular injury than untreated animals. Wild-type and knockout mice treated with glycerol intramuscularly present kidney injury, with impairment in renal function. However, B2 knockout mice treated with glycerol did not show a different phenotype regarding kidney injury markers, when compared to the wild-type glycerol-treated group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the kinin B2 receptor does not have a protective role in renal injury.
authors.affiliation: Pedro Paulo Gattai, Fernando Francisco Pazello Mafra, Frederick Wasinski, Ronaldo Carvalho Araujo, Department of Biophysics, Laboratory of Genetics and Exercise Metabolism, Federal University of Sao Paulo - UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, CEP 04039-032, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pedro Paulo
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Gattai
authors.affiliation: Pedro Paulo Gattai, Fernando Francisco Pazello Mafra, Frederick Wasinski, Ronaldo Carvalho Araujo, Department of Biophysics, Laboratory of Genetics and Exercise Metabolism, Federal University of Sao Paulo - UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, CEP 04039-032, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando Francisco Pazello
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Mafra
authors.affiliation: Pedro Paulo Gattai, Fernando Francisco Pazello Mafra, Frederick Wasinski, Ronaldo Carvalho Araujo, Department of Biophysics, Laboratory of Genetics and Exercise Metabolism, Federal University of Sao Paulo - UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, CEP 04039-032, Brazil.
authors.forename: Frederick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wasinski
authors.affiliation: Pedro Paulo Gattai, Fernando Francisco Pazello Mafra, Frederick Wasinski, Ronaldo Carvalho Araujo, Department of Biophysics, Laboratory of Genetics and Exercise Metabolism, Federal University of Sao Paulo - UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, CEP 04039-032, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sandro Soares
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Pedro Paulo Gattai, Fernando Francisco Pazello Mafra, Frederick Wasinski, Ronaldo Carvalho Araujo, Department of Biophysics, Laboratory of Genetics and Exercise Metabolism, Federal University of Sao Paulo - UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, CEP 04039-032, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos Antônio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cenedeze
authors.affiliation: Pedro Paulo Gattai, Fernando Francisco Pazello Mafra, Frederick Wasinski, Ronaldo Carvalho Araujo, Department of Biophysics, Laboratory of Genetics and Exercise Metabolism, Federal University of Sao Paulo - UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, CEP 04039-032, Brazil.
authors.forename: Denise Maria Avancini Costa
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Malheiros
authors.affiliation: Pedro Paulo Gattai, Fernando Francisco Pazello Mafra, Frederick Wasinski, Ronaldo Carvalho Araujo, Department of Biophysics, Laboratory of Genetics and Exercise Metabolism, Federal University of Sao Paulo - UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, CEP 04039-032, Brazil.
authors.forename: Reury Frank Pereira
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Bacurau
authors.affiliation: Pedro Paulo Gattai, Fernando Francisco Pazello Mafra, Frederick Wasinski, Ronaldo Carvalho Araujo, Department of Biophysics, Laboratory of Genetics and Exercise Metabolism, Federal University of Sao Paulo - UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, CEP 04039-032, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Castilho
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.affiliation: Pedro Paulo Gattai, Fernando Francisco Pazello Mafra, Frederick Wasinski, Ronaldo Carvalho Araujo, Department of Biophysics, Laboratory of Genetics and Exercise Metabolism, Federal University of Sao Paulo - UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, CEP 04039-032, Brazil.
authors.forename: Niels Olsen Saraiva
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Câmara
authors.affiliation: Pedro Paulo Gattai, Fernando Francisco Pazello Mafra, Frederick Wasinski, Ronaldo Carvalho Araujo, Department of Biophysics, Laboratory of Genetics and Exercise Metabolism, Federal University of Sao Paulo - UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, CEP 04039-032, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ronaldo Carvalho
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Araujo
keywords: Animal models; Kinins; Rhabdomyolysis; Skeletal muscle; acute kidney injury