title: Genomic and transcriptomic analyses of the medicinal fungus Antrodia cinnamomea for its metabolite biosynthesis and sexual development.
abstract: Antrodia cinnamomea, a polyporus mushroom of Taiwan, has long been used as a remedy for cancer, hypertension, and hangover, with an annual market of over $100 million (US) in Taiwan. We obtained a 32.15-Mb genome draft containing 9,254 genes. Genome ontology enrichment and pathway analyses shed light on sexual development and the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids, ergostanes, antroquinonol, and antrocamphin. We identified genes differentially expressed between mycelium and fruiting body and 242 proteins in the mevalonate pathway, terpenoid pathways, cytochrome P450s, and polyketide synthases, which may contribute to the production of medicinal secondary metabolites. Genes of secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways showed expression enrichment for tissue-specific compounds, including 14-α-demethylase (CYP51F1) in fruiting body for converting lanostane to ergostane triterpenoids, coenzymes Q (COQ) for antroquinonol biosynthesis in mycelium, and polyketide synthase for antrocamphin biosynthesis in fruiting body. Our data will be useful for developing a strategy to increase the production of useful metabolites.
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Mei-Yeh Jade
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Wen-Lang
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Woei-Fuh
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Tingchun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Yi-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Fang-Hua
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei 10066, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Tun-Tschu
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Forestry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Sheng-Yang
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Meng-yun
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Yi-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Ze-Shiang
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Kai-Jung
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Shih-May
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Yu-Chuan
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.affiliation: School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Yan-Liang
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Jei-Fu
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; and.
authors.forename: Ting-Fang
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 whli@uchicago.edu.
authors.forename: Wen-Hsiung
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D055491:Antrodia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D048690:Fruiting Bodies, Fungal / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D025282:Mycelium / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D058886:Sterol 14-Demethylase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013624:Taiwan; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D058886:Sterol 14-Demethylase
keywords: P450; fruiting body; medicinal fungus; meiosis; triterpenes