title: Paris saponin VII inhibits metastasis by modulating matrix metalloproteinases in colorectal cancer cells.
abstract: Metastasis is the main cause of mortality of patients with cancer-related disease. Targeting the process of metastasis has been proposed as a potential strategy in cancer treatment. Trillium tschonoskii Maxim., a traditional Chinese medicine, is used for the treatment of numerous diseases, including cancer. The current study aimed to determine the anti-metastatic effect of Paris saponin VII (PS VII), which was extracted from T. tschonoskii Maxim., using SW620 and LoVo cells, two human metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. The present study conducted cell attachment, wound healing and migration assays to detect the anti-metastatic effects of PS VII on colorectal cells. In addition, gelatin zymography assay and western blot analysis were used to detect the possible mechanisms involved. The results of this study demonstrated that PS VII significantly suppresses the viability, attachment, migration and invasive abilities of CRC cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, PS Ⅶ reduced the expression levels and activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. These data indicate that PS VII reduces the metastatic capability of CRC cells, possibly via the downregulation of the expression and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9. These results demonstrate a novel therapeutic potential for PS VII in anti-metastatic therapy.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in Qinba Mountains, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in Qinba Mountains, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yuhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in Qinba Mountains, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in Qinba Mountains, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhenggang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100091, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in Qinba Mountains, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xutao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in Qinba Mountains, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in Qinba Mountains, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Dian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in Qinba Mountains, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in Qinba Mountains, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qibing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Mei
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D004144:Diosgenin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D012503:Saponins / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D012503:Saponins; C067584:formosanin C; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D004144:Diosgenin