title: Diabetic mastopathy: a diagnostic challenge in breast sonography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to retrospectively evaluate the incidence and morphologic features of diabetic mastopathy in a group of patients with diabetes, searching for specific sonographic characteristics of diabetic mastopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty diabetic patients underwent breast clinical examination, mammography, and sonography. All detected breast lesions were confirmed histopathologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Breast lesions were found in 11 of the 120 patients (9%), including two cases of invasive ductal carcinomas and nine cases of diabetic mastopathy. In seven of those nine cases (77%), diabetic mastopathy appeared as a hypoechoic solid mass with irregular margins, inhomogeneous echotexture, and marked posterior shadowing. In the other two cases (23%), it appeared as a mildly inhomogeneous, hypoechoic solid mass.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diabetic mastopathy is a diagnostic challenge and needs to be suspected in all patients with diabetes mellitus. Imaging features are nonspecific and highly susggestive on breast sonography in most cases. Core-needle biopsy confirmation remains mandatory for a definitive diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: DIM, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Diagnostic Imaging, Aldo Moro University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moschetta
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Telegrafo
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Triggiani
authors.forename: Leonarda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rella
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cornacchia
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Serio
authors.forename: Amato Antonio Stabile
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ianora
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Angelelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary
keywords: breast; diabetes; mastopathy; pitfalls; ultrasonography