title: Closed-loop supply chain models with considering the environmental impact.
abstract: Global warming and climate changes created by large scale emissions of greenhouse gases are a worldwide concern. Due to this, the issue of green supply chain management has received more attention in the last decade. In this study, a closed-loop logistic concept which serves the purposes of recycling, reuse, and recovery required in a green supply chain is applied to integrate the environmental issues into a traditional logistic system. Here, we formulate a comprehensive closed-loop model for the logistics planning considering profitability and ecological goals. In this way, we can achieve the ecological goal reducing the overall amount of CO2 emitted from journeys. Moreover, the profitability criterion can be supported in the cyclic network with the minimum costs and maximum service level. We apply three scenarios and develop problem formulations for each scenario corresponding to the specified regulations and investigate the effect of the regulation on the preferred transport mode and the emissions. To validate the models, some numerical experiments are worked out and a comparative analysis is investigated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran 14778 93855, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7277-1291
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohajeri
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Engineering, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran 11518 63411, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fallah
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis* / Q000191:economics; D057231:Climate Change; D004777:Environment; D057232:Global Warming; D017752:Greenhouse Effect / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D066192:Manufacturing Industry / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015233:Models, Statistical
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide