title: Unexpected interference in cell surface staining by monoclonal antibodies to unrelated antigens.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The possible occurrence of an erroneous immunophenotyping due to interference between monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) is often overlooked when the epitopes are assumed to be not close to each other. This is particularly important when exploring immune cell populations whose identification is still investigational. The commonly held view is that myeloid derived suppressor cells can be identified as either HLA-DR(neg/dim) cells or interleukin-4 receptor-α (CD124)(+) cells among peripheral blood monocytes. We made the serendipitous observation that the fluorescence signal provided by the PE-CD124 MoAb was attenuated when the PE-CF594-HLA-DR MoAb was added to the staining tube.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors were stained with the PE-CD124 MoAb and, as control, PE -CD40, -CD4 and -CD14, and either the PE-CF594-HLA-DR MoAb or its unlabeled form. B cells, which also express CD124, were analyzed for comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PE-CF594-HLA-DR MoAb but not its unlabeled form reduced PE-CD124 MoAb staining on monocytes and B cells. No other monocyte and B cell surface marker staining was affected by the PE-CF594-HLA-DR MoAb. The PE-CF594-HLA-DR MoAb interfered with the PE-CD124 MoAb likely because of steric hindrance by bulky fluorochromes, although a quenching due to fluorescence resonance energy transfer might also cooperate to the PE-CD124 MoAb staining attenuation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Present observations highlight the importance of interference between MoAbs as a source of error when analyzing multicolor flow cytometry data.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Immunologia dei tumori, Unità di Ginecologia Oncologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Vita
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Immunologia dei tumori, Unità di Ginecologia Oncologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Catzola
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Immunologia dei tumori, Unità di Ginecologia Oncologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia.
authors.forename: Alexia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buzzonetti
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Immunologia dei tumori, Unità di Ginecologia Oncologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fossati
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Immunologia dei tumori, Unità di Ginecologia Oncologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Battaglia
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Urbino "Carlo Bo,", Urbino, Italia.
authors.forename: Loris
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zamai
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Immunologia dei tumori, Unità di Ginecologia Oncologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fattorossi
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology*; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D000939:Epitopes; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping / Q000379:methods*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D010641:Phenotype; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000941:Antigens; D015415:Biomarkers; D000939:Epitopes
keywords: flow cytometry; immunophenotyping; quenching; steric hindrance