title: Counter-regulatory effects played by the ACE - Ang II - AT1 and ACE2 - Ang-(1-7) - Mas axes on the reactive oxygen species-mediated control of vascular function: perspectives to pharmacological approaches in controlling vascular complications.
abstract: The Renin-Angiotensin system plays an important role in the regulation of systemic blood pressure as well as in fluid and electrolyte balance. It is divided into two described axes, the ACE - Ang II - AT1 receptor, with Ang II as the main mediator, and the ACE2 - Ang-(1-7) - Mas receptor, with Ang-(1-7) responsible for the main effects. The main vascular effect induced by Ang II is contraction, while Ang-(1-7) includes relaxation in several vascular beds. Ang II also activates several cytokines that are important in the genesis of vascular inflammation and hypertrophy. In this context, Ang-(1-7) seems to have a protective role. Both AT1 and Mas receptors modulate, in different ways, the generation of, which are involved in the control of vascular tone and the genesis of vascular dysfunction triggered by several diseases, including diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis. Thereby, this review presents an overview of the modulation played by the whole Renin-Angiotensin system on the reactive oxygen species-mediated control of vascular tone and the oxidative stress-elicited vascular dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Laena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pernomian
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Larissa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pernomian
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baraldi Araújo Restini
mesh_terms: D000803:Angiotensin I / Q000378:metabolism*; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000378:metabolism*; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000085962:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000378:metabolism*; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D000804:Angiotensin II; D000803:Angiotensin I; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; C000705307:ACE2 protein, human; D000085962:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; C118790:angiotensin I (1-7)
keywords: AT1 receptors; Angiotensin II; Mas receptors; angiotensin-(1-7); reactive oxygen species; vascular dysfunction