title: Comparative evaluation of push-out bond strength of ProRoot MTA, bioaggregate and biodentine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the push-out bond strength of Biodentine (BD) in comparison with two available calcium silicate based materials, bioaggregate (BA) and ProRoot MTA (WMTA).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty-three Root dentin slices of freshly extracted single Rooted human teeth were randomly divided into three groups (n = 41) according to the used test material: WMTA, BA, BD. After canal space preparation, the filling materials were placed inside the lumen of the slices. After 72 hours, the maximum force applied to materials at the time of dislodgement was recorded and slices were then examined under a stereomicroscope at ×40 magnification to determine the nature of bond failure. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare means of push-out bond strength. Post-hoc test was then accomplished for multiple comparisons. Chi-square test was used to determine if there is significant association between the type of material and type of failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean push-out bond strength ± standard deviation in MPa values of WMTA, BA and BD were 23.26 ± 5.49, 9.57 ± 3.45, 21.86 ± 6.9, respectively. There was no significant difference between the means of WMTA and BD (p = 0.566), but the mean of BA was significantly lower than those of WMTA and BD (p = 0.000). Under stereomicroscope, WMTA and BA showed a majority of mixed type of failure than cohesive failure, while BD showed the opposite. No adhesive failure was observed in any specimen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of the present study imply that the force needed for BD displacement is similar to WMTA and significantly higher than the force required to displace BA.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, e-mail: s_alsubait@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Sara A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Alsubait
authors.affiliation: Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Qamar
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hashem
authors.affiliation: Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Njood
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: AlHargan
authors.affiliation: Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Khawlah
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: AlMohimeed
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alkahtani
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000737:chemistry*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D057872:Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; C557009:BioAggregate; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; D010087:Oxides; D057872:Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C506393:tricalcium silicate; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; C031293:calcium silicate