title: Assessing population immunity in a persistently high-risk area for wild poliovirus transmission in India: a serological study in Moradabad, Western Uttar Pradesh.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Moradabad district in Uttar Pradesh reported the highest number of paralytic polio cases in India during 2001-2007. We conducted a study in Moradabad in 2007 to assess seroprevalence against poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 in children 6-12 and 36-59 months of age to guide future strategies to interrupt wild poliovirus transmission in high-risk areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children attending 10 health facilities for minor illnesses who met criteria for study inclusion were eligible for enrollment. We recorded vaccination history, weight, and length and tested sera for neutralizing antibodies to poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Poliovirus type 1, 2, and 3 seroprevalences were 88% (95% confidence interval [CI], 84%-91%), 70% (95% CI, 66%-75%), and 75% (95% CI, 71%-79%), respectively, among 467 in the younger age group (n=467), compared with 100% (95% CI, 99%-100%), 97% (95% CI, 95%-98%), and 93% (91%-95%), respectively, among 447 children in the older age group (P<.001 for all serotypes).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This seroprevalence study provided extremely useful information that was used by the program in India to guide immunization policies, such as optimizing the use of different OPV formulations in vaccination campaigns and strengthening routine immunization services. Similar surveys in populations at risk should be performed at regular intervals in countries where the risk of persistence or spread of indigenous or imported wild poliovirus is high.
authors.affiliation: Enterovirus Research Center, Haffkine Institute, Mumbai.
authors.forename: Jagadish M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Deshpande
authors.affiliation: National Polio Surveillance Project, World Health Organization (WHO) Country Office for India.
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bahl
authors.affiliation: Public Health Foundation of India.
authors.forename: Bidyut K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Concepción F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Estívariz
authors.affiliation: UNICEF India, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Shamila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.affiliation: National Polio Surveillance Project, World Health Organization (WHO) Country Office for India.
authors.forename: Raman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sethi
authors.affiliation: National Polio Surveillance Project, World Health Organization (WHO) Country Office for India.
authors.forename: Surendra K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Pathyarch
authors.affiliation: National Polio Surveillance Project, World Health Organization (WHO) Country Office for India.
authors.forename: Vibhor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Howard E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Gary
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pallansch
authors.affiliation: WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jafari
mesh_terms: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011051:Poliomyelitis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral
keywords: Moradabad; OPV formulations; immunization policies; immunogenecity; neutralizing antibodies; seroprevalence; wild poliovirus