title: Coxsackievirus B infection is highly related with missed abortion in Korea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the possible relationship between viral infection and first trimester pregnancy loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was performed on 51 gravidas with missed abortion, fetal anomaly, pre-term delivery, and full-tem delivery at Hanyang University Hospital. Enteroviruses were detected by semi-nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry in abortive tissues and placentas. Enterovirus serotypes were confirmed by genome sequencing. Herpesviruses were detected by PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) was detected in 8 of 14 missed abortion cases, 1 of 27 full-term cases, and none of the 9 pre-term cases. Coxsackievirus B1 (CVB1) was detected in an encephalocele case. Herpes simplex virus type 1 was found in 4 full-term cases, 3 pre-term cases, and none of the missed abortion cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of CVB3 was significantly higher in missed abortion cases compared to full-term or pre-term delivery cases. CVB infection may therefore be an important etiological agent of missed abortion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Hye
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Min
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Kyung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Sam
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Paik
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea. hspark@ynu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hosun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000030:Abortion, Missed / Q000209:etiology*; D000328:Adult; D003384:Coxsackievirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D029822:Enterovirus B, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D010920:Placenta / Q000821:virology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000821:virology*; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D056910:Republic of Korea; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014599:Uterus / Q000821:virology*
keywords: Coxsackievirus; fetal anomaly; missed abortion