title: Rapid glucose depletion immobilizes active myosin V on stabilized actin cables.
abstract: Polarization of eukaryotic cells requires organelles and protein complexes to be transported to their proper destinations along the cytoskeleton. When nutrients are abundant, budding yeast grows rapidly transporting secretory vesicles for localized growth and actively segregating organelles. This is mediated by myosin Vs transporting cargos along F-actin bundles known as actin cables. Actin cables are dynamic structures regulated by assembly, stabilization, and disassembly. Polarized growth and actin filament dynamics consume energy. For most organisms, glucose is the preferred energy source and generally represses alternative carbon source usage. Thus, upon abrupt glucose depletion, yeast shuts down pathways consuming large amounts of energy, including the vacuolar-ATPase, translation, and phosphoinositide metabolism. Here we show that glucose withdrawal rapidly (<1 min) depletes ATP levels and that the yeast myosin V, Myo2, responds by relocalizing to actin cables, making it the fastest response documented. Myo2 immobilized on cables releases its secretory cargo, defining a new rigor-like state of a myosin V in vivo. Only actively transporting Myo2 can be converted to the rigor-like state. Glucose depletion has differential effects on the actin cytoskeleton, resulting in disassembly of actin patches with concomitant inhibition of endocytosis and strong stabilization of actin cables, thereby revealing a selective and previously unappreciated ATP requirement for actin cable disassembly. A similar response is seen in HeLa cells to ATP depletion. These findings reveal a new fast-acting energy conservation strategy halting growth by immobilizing myosin V in a newly described state on selectively stabilized actin cables.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. Electronic address: apb5@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bretscher
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D024701:Myosin Type V / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; C077512:MYO2 protein, S cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D024701:Myosin Type V; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains; D005947:Glucose