title: Chemical modification of heparin and heparosan.
abstract: Heparin is a potent clinically used anticoagulant. It is a heterogeneous mixture of polymers that contain a variety of sulfation patterns. However, only 3-O sulfonated heparin pentasaccharide units have been proven to bind to antithrombin and elicit an anticoagulant response. Heparins with other sulfation patterns are able to bind to a variety of other proteins such as FGF, VEGF, and CXCL-3. By modulating heparin's sulfation pattern, it is possible to generate polymers that can regulate biological processes beyond hemostasis. Here we describe a variety of simple chemical modification methods, N-acetylation, N-deacetylation, N-sulfation, O-sulfation, 2-O desulfation, and complete desulfation, to prepare heparin-like polymers with distinct sulfation patterns.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Karthik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Raman
authors.forename: Balagurunathan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kuberan
authors.forename: Sailaja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arungundram
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D001671:Biochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000737:chemistry*; D006493:Heparin / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D012492:Salts / Q000737:chemistry; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004187:Disaccharides; D011108:Polymers; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D012492:Salts; D013431:Sulfates; C560363:heparosan; C043902:tri-n-butylmethylammonium; D006493:Heparin