title: Combination therapy with nilotinib for drug-sensitive and drug-resistant BCR-ABL-positive leukemia and other malignancies.
abstract: Despite the clinical efficacy achieved with frontline therapies for BCR-ABL-positive disease, such as imatinib and second-generation ABL inhibitors like nilotinib or dasatinib that were originally designed to override insensitivity to imatinib, drug resistance still remains a challenge, especially for patients with advanced-stage chronic myeloid leukemia or Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The discovery of BCR-ABL point mutations has been a great asset to furthering our understanding of a major cause of drug resistance, as has discovery of multidrug resistance proteins, dysregulation of signaling molecules downstream of BCR-ABL, and insights into the underlying causes of stromal-mediated chemoresistance. Such elucidation of mechanisms of resistance associated with leukemic cell survival is essential for the optimization of current therapies and enhancement of patient survival via delaying or preventing disease recurrence. Here, we present an overview of the use of nilotinib in combination with other agents against BCR-ABL-positive leukemia, as well as solid tumors, for the purpose of increasing clinical efficacy and overriding drug resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Ellen_Weisberg@dfci.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Weisberg
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nonami
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Griffin
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D017354:Point Mutation; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D011743:Pyrimidines; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl; C498826:nilotinib