title: X-ray spatial frequency heterodyne imaging of protein-based nanobubble contrast agents.
abstract: Spatial Frequency Heterodyne Imaging (SFHI) is a novel x-ray scatter imaging technique that utilizes nanoparticle contrast agents. The enhanced sensitivity of this new technique relative to traditional absorption-based x-ray radiography makes it promising for applications in biomedical and materials imaging. Although previous studies on SFHI have utilized only metal nanoparticle contrast agents, we show that nanomaterials with a much lower electron density are also suitable. We prepared protein-based "nanobubble" contrast agents that are comprised of protein cage architectures filled with gas. Results show that these nanobubbles provide contrast in SFHI comparable to that of gold nanoparticles of similar size.
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rand
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Trevor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rose-Petruck
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles; D049329:Nanostructures; D010316:Particle Size; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D006046:Gold