title: RNA sequencing and de novo assembly of the digestive gland transcriptome in Mytilus galloprovincialis fed with toxinogenic and non-toxic strains of Alexandrium minutum.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis is marine bivalve with a relevant commercial importance as well as a key sentinel organism for the biomonitoring of environmental pollution. Here we report the RNA sequencing of the mussel digestive gland, performed with the aim: a) to produce a high quality de novo transcriptome assembly, thus improving the genetic and molecular knowledge of this organism b) to provide an initial assessment of the response to paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) on a molecular level, in order to identify possible molecular markers of toxin accumulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The comprehensive de novo assembly and annotation of the transcriptome yielded a collection of 12,079 non-redundant consensus sequences with an average length of 958 bp, with a high percentage of full-length transcripts. The whole-transcriptome gene expression study indicated that the accumulation of paralytic toxins produced by the dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum over a time span of 5 days scarcely affected gene expression, but the results need further validation with a greater number of biological samples and naturally contaminated specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The digestive gland reference transcriptome we produced significantly improves the data collected from previous sequencing efforts and provides a basic resource for expanding functional genomics investigations in M. galloprovincialis. Although not conclusive, the results of the RNA-seq gene expression analysis support the classification of mussels as bivalves refractory to paralytic shellfish poisoning and point out that the identification molecular biomarkers of PSP in the digestive gland of this organism is problematic.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gerdol
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Moro
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Manfrin
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Milandri
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Riccardi
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beran
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Venier
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgeri 5, Trieste 34126, Italy. pallavic@units.it.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pallavicini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004064:Digestive System / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000469:parasitology*; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D020387:Food Chain; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005819:Genetic Markers; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000378:metabolism; D049878:Mytilus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000469:parasitology; D011528:Protozoan Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D057096:Shellfish Poisoning / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D008387:Marine Toxins