title: Constraints of recreational sport participation: measurement invariance and latent mean differences across sex and physical activity status.
abstract: The purpose of the current study was to (a) examine the measurement invariance of the Constraint Scale of Sport Participation across sex and physical activity status among the undergraduate students (N = 630) in Hong Kong and (b) compare the latent mean differences across groups. Measurement invariance of the Constraint Scale of Sport Participation across sex of and physical activity status of the participants was examined first. With receiving support on the measurement invariance across groups, latent mean differences of the scores across groups were examined. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the configural, metric, scalar, and structural invariance of the scale was supported across groups. The results of latent mean differences suggested that the women reported significantly higher constraints on time, partner, psychology, knowledge, and interest than the men. The physically inactive participants reported significantly higher scores on all constraints except for accessibility than the physically active participants.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University.
authors.forename: Jing Dong
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Pak Kwong
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Wing Ping
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009042:Motivation; D009043:Motor Activity; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011998:Recreation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013177:Sports / Q000523:psychology*; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult