title: Enzymatically interesterified fats based on mutton tallow and walnut oil suitable for cosmetic emulsions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Formation of emulsion systems based on interesterified fats was the objective of the study. Enzymatic interesterification was carried out between enzymatic mutton tallow and walnut oil in the proportions 2 : 3 (w/w) to produce fats not available in nature. At the beginning of the interesterification process, the balance between the interesterification and fat hydrolysis was intentionally disturbed by adding more water to the catalyst (Lipozyme IR MR) of the reaction to produce more of the polar fraction monoacylglycerols [MAGs] and diacylglycerols [DAGs]. To obtain a greater quantity of MAGs and DAGs in the reaction environment via hydrolysis, water was added (11, 13, 14, 16 w-%) to the enzymatic preparation. The obtained fats were used to form emulsions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The emulsions were evaluated with respect to sensory and skin moisturizing properties by 83 respondents. Determination of emulsion stability using temperature and centrifugal tests was carried out. Morphology and the type of emulsions were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The respondents described the skin to which the emulsions in testing were applied as smooth, pleasant to touch and adequately moisturized.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The work has demonstrated that interesterification of a mutton tallow and walnut oil blend resulted in new fats with very interesting characteristics of triacylglycerols that are not present in the environment. The results of the present work indicate the possibility of application of fats with the largest quantity of MAGs and DAGs as a fat base of emulsions in the cosmetic industries. The hypothesis assumed in this work of producing additional quantities of MAGs and DAGs (in the process of enzymatic interesterification) responsible for the stability of the system was confirmed. It should be pointed out that the emulsions based on interesterified fats exhibited a greater level of moisturization of the skin than the emulsions containing non-interesterified fat. Also, in the respondents' opinion, the emulsion containing fat, which was modified during enzymatic interesterification when 13% of water was added to the enzymatic preparation, exhibited the best sensory profile.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Material Science, Technology and Design, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities, Chrobrego Street 27, 26-600, Radom, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kowalska
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mendrycka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zbikowska
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stawarz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003358:Cosmetics; D004655:Emulsions; D004951:Esterification; D005223:Fats / Q000737:chemistry*; D031324:Juglans / Q000737:chemistry*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics; D004655:Emulsions; D005223:Fats; D010938:Plant Oils
keywords: emulsions; interesterification synthesis; mutton tallow; sensory evaluation; stability of emulsion; walnut oil