title: Relationship between non-invasive haemodynamic responses and cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-invasive assessment of haemodynamic function by impedance cardiography (IC) constitutes an interesting approach to monitor cardiac function in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, such measurements are most often performed at rest, whereas symptoms are also possible during exertion, particularly at higher intensities. In addition, the association between IC during exertion and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) is not well understood in these patients, which was the aim of this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen men (age = 62 ± 6 years) with CAD [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) = 61 ± 10%] underwent a CPX using an incremental protocol on a cycle ergometer, with simultaneous measurement of IC. Cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), cardiac index (CI), peak oxygen consumption (VO2 ), the oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES), circulatory power and ventilatory power were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pearson product-moment correlation analysis revealed peak VO2 (r = 0·46) was significantly related to CO. Peak oxygen pulse (0·52) was associated with SV. OUES was associated with resting SV (0·47) and with peak SV (r = 0·52).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that IC indices are associated with certain, but not all, established CPX measures in patients with stable CAD.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação Interunidades Bioengenharia (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), Universidade de São Paulo, USP, São Carlos, SC, Brasil.|Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Milena Pelosi Rizk
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Sperling
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Flávia Cristina Rossi
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Caruso
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Renata Gonçalves
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Daniela Bassi
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Dutra
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Vivian Maria
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Arakelian
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação Interunidades Bioengenharia (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), Universidade de São Paulo, USP, São Carlos, SC, Brasil.
authors.forename: José Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bonjorno
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Aparecida Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Catai
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy and Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arena
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação Interunidades Bioengenharia (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), Universidade de São Paulo, USP, São Carlos, SC, Brasil.|Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borghi-Silva
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002307:Cardiography, Impedance; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
keywords: cardiac disease; cardiac output; cardiopulmonary exercise testing; impedance cardiography; oxygen uptake; oxygen uptake efficiency slope; stroke volume