title: A cross-sectional study of avian influenza in one district of Guangzhou, 2013.
abstract: Since Feb, 2013, more than 100 human beings had been infected with novel H7N9 avian influenza virus. As of May 2013, several H7N9 viruses had been found in retail live bird markets (LBMs) in Guangdong province of southern China where several human cases were confirmed later. However, the real avian influenza virus infection status especially H7N9 in Guangzhou remains unclear. Therefore, a cross-sectional study of avian influenza in commercial poultry farms, the wholesale LBM and retail LBMs in one district of Guangzhou was conducted from October to November, 2013. A total of 1505 cloacal and environmental samples from 52 commercial poultry farms, 1 wholesale LBM and 18 retail LBMs were collected and detected using real-time RT-PCR for type A, H7, H7N9 and H9 subtype avian influenza virus, respectively. Of all the flocks randomly sampled, 6 farms, 12 vendors of the wholesale LBM and 18 retail LBMs were type A avian influenza virus positive with 0, 3 and 11 positive for H9, respectively. The pooled prevalence and individual prevalence of type A avian influenza virus were 33.9% and 7.9% which for H9 subtype was 7.6% and 1.6%, respectively. None was H7 and H7N9 subtype virus positive. Different prevalence and prevalence ratio were found in different poultry species with partridges having the highest prevalence for both type A and H9 subtype avian influenza virus. Our results suggest that LBM may have a higher risk for sustaining and transmission of avian influenza virus than commercial poultry farms. The present study also indicates that different species may play different roles in the evolution and transmission of avian influenza virus. Therefore, risk-based surveillance and management measures should be conducted in future in this area.
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Haiming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Cong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Huadu Animal Health Inspection Institute, Huadu, China.
authors.forename: Guanghua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.affiliation: Huadu Animal Health Inspection Institute, Huadu, China.
authors.forename: Wutao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jialei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jiancui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Riwen
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Haibing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Lilan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jianyu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wenhua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Mailing
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jinhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yuhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011200:Poultry / Q000821:virology*; D015995:Prevalence; D013045:Species Specificity