title: Endothelial progenitor cell biology in ankylosing spondylitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are unique populations which have reparative potential in overcoming endothelial damage and reducing cardiovascular risk. Patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) have increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the endothelial progenitor cell population in AS patients and its potential relationships with disease variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endothelial progenitor cells were measured in peripheral blood samples from 20 AS and 20 healthy controls by flow cytometry on the basis of CD34 and CD133 expression. Disease activity was evaluated by using Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI). Functional ability was monitored by using Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  EPCs were depleted in AS patients as compared to healthy controls (CD34(+) /CD133(+) : 0.027 ± 0.010% vs. 0.044 ± 0.011%, P < 0.001). EPC depletions were significantly associated with disease duration (r = -0.52, P = 0.01), BASDAI (r = -0.45, P = 0.04) and C-reactive protein (r = -0.5, P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to demonstrate endothelial progenitor cell depletion in AS patients. EPC depletions inversely correlate with disease duration, disease activity and inflammation, suggesting the pivotal role of inflammation in depletion of EPCs. EPC would possibly also serve as a therapeutic target for preventing cardiovascular disease in AS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India.
authors.forename: Inderjeet
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Ashit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Syngle
authors.forename: Pawan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krishan
mesh_terms: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002452:Cell Count; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods; D066026:Endothelial Progenitor Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010455:Peptides / Q000032:analysis; D010641:Phenotype; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013167:Spondylitis, Ankylosing / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D015703:Antigens, CD; D018952:Antigens, CD34; D015415:Biomarkers; D006023:Glycoproteins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; C000606023:PROM1 protein, human; D010455:Peptides; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: ankylosing spondylitis; endothelial progenitor cells; inflammation; vascular damage