title: Impact of cooked functional meat enriched with omega-3 fatty acids and rosemary extract on inflammatory and oxidative status; a randomised, double-blind, crossover study.
abstract: n-3 fatty acid intake has been associated with inflammatory benefits in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Functionalising meat may be of great interest. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of functional meat containing n-3 and rosemary extract on inflammatory and oxidative status markers in subjects with risk for CVD.
  
  
  
  A randomised, double-blind, cross-over study was undertaken to compare the effects on the above markers of consuming functional or control meat products. 43 volunteers with at least two lipid profile variables showing risk for CVD were randomly assigned to receive functional meat (FM) or control meat (CM) over 12-weeks with a 4-week wash-out interval before crossover. Functional effects were assessed by examining lipid profile, CRP, PAI-1, TNF-alpha, IL-6, fibrinogen (inflammatory markers), and TBARS, FRAP and 8-iso-PGF2 (oxidative status markers). 33 subjects (24 women) aged 50.7±8.8 years completed the study. In FM treatment, PAI-1, fibrinogen and 8-iso-PGF2 decreased significantly after 12 weeks, while FRAP significantly increased. In contrast, in CM treatment, a significant increase was seen in PAI-1, while FRAP significantly declined. Significant differences were also seen between the FM and CM treatments after 12 weeks in terms of the change observed in PAI-1, FRAP and 8-iso-PGF2 values. No significant differences were seen in anthropometric variables nor were adverse effects reported.
  
  
  
  The consumption of FM containing n-3 and rosemary extract improved oxidative and inflammatory status of people with at least two lipid profile variables showing risk for CVD. The inclusion of such functional meat in a balanced diet might be a healthy lifestyle option.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Department, Hospital La Paz Health Research Institute (IdiPAZ), La Paz University Hospital (Spain).. laura.bermejol@salud.madrid.org.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Bermejo
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Department, Hospital La Paz Health Research Institute (IdiPAZ), La Paz University Hospital (Spain).. laura.bermejol@salud.madrid.org.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: López-Plaza
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Department, Hospital La Paz Health Research Institute (IdiPAZ), La Paz University Hospital (Spain).. laura.bermejol@salud.madrid.org.
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Department, Hospital La Paz Health Research Institute (IdiPAZ), La Paz University Hospital (Spain).. laura.bermejol@salud.madrid.org.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Palma-Milla
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Department, Alfonso X el Sabio University (Spain).. laura.bermejol@salud.madrid.org.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iglesias
authors.affiliation: Food Science Department, Autonomous University of Madrid (Spain).. laura.bermejol@salud.madrid.org.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reglero
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Department, Hospital La Paz Health Research Institute (IdiPAZ), La Paz University Hospital (Spain).. laura.bermejol@salud.madrid.org.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gómez-Candela
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003296:Cooking; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D055951:Functional Food; D006801:Humans; D029794:Ledum / Q000737:chemistry*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D008055:Lipids; D010936:Plant Extracts