title: EuroTracker® dyes: design, synthesis, structure and photophysical properties of very bright europium complexes and their use in bioassays and cellular optical imaging.
abstract: The development of the brightest luminescent europium(iii) complexes is traced, including analysis of the C3-symmetric core complex based on a functionalized triazacyclononane and identification of the most suitable strongly absorbing chromophore. Strategies for the synthesis of the complexes, including enantiopure analogues, are outlined and opportunities for applications in time-resolved microscopy and spectral imaging emphasised. Practicable examples are introduced, including selective organelle staining for cellular optical imaging at 65 nm resolution and the development of new bioassays using time-resolved FRET methods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK. david.parker@dur.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Delbianco
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lamarque
authors.forename: Brian K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.forename: Emily R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Neil
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Walton
authors.forename: Jurriaan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zwier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods*; D060326:Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005063:Europium / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D005063:Europium