title: Antiretroviral-naive and -treated HIV-1 patients can harbour more resistant viruses in CSF than in plasma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The neurological disorders in HIV-1-infected patients remain prevalent. The HIV-1 resistance in plasma and CSF was compared in patients with neurological disorders in a multicentre study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood and CSF samples were collected at time of neurological disorders for 244 patients. The viral loads were >50 copies/mL in both compartments and bulk genotypic tests were realized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On 244 patients, 89 and 155 were antiretroviral (ARV) naive and ARV treated, respectively. In ARV-naive patients, detection of mutations in CSF and not in plasma were reported for the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene in 2/89 patients (2.2%) and for the protease gene in 1/89 patients (1.1%). In ARV-treated patients, 19/152 (12.5%) patients had HIV-1 mutations only in the CSF for the RT gene and 30/151 (19.8%) for the protease gene. Two mutations appeared statistically more prevalent in the CSF than in plasma: M41L (P=0.0455) and T215Y (P=0.0455).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In most cases, resistance mutations were present and similar in both studied compartments. However, in 3.4% of ARV-naive and 8.8% of ARV-treated patients, the virus was more resistant in CSF than in plasma. These results support the need for genotypic resistance testing when lumbar puncture is performed.
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université de Paris, 06-UMR_S 1136 Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, F-75005 Paris, France INSERM-UMR_S 1136 Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, F-75013 Paris, France AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Laboratoire de Virologie, F-75013 Paris, France cathia.soulie@psl.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Cathia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Soulie
authors.affiliation: IAME, UMR 1137-Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, F-75018 Paris, France AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Laboratoire de Virologie, F-75018 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Descamps
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université de Paris, 06-UMR_S 1136 Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, F-75005 Paris, France INSERM-UMR_S 1136 Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, F-75013 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Maxime
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grudé
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Mary-Anne
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Trabaud
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université de Paris, 06-UMR_S 1136 Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, F-75005 Paris, France INSERM-UMR_S 1136 Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, F-75013 Paris, France Laboratoire de Virologie, AP-HP, CHU Saint Antoine, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morand-Joubert
authors.affiliation: INSERM U941-Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM F-75010 Paris, France AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Laboratoire de Virologie, F-75010 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Constance
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delaugerre
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Montes
authors.affiliation: CHU Tours, France.
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barin
authors.affiliation: CHU Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ferre
authors.affiliation: CHU de Toulouse, Laboratoire de Virologie, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raymond
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU de Nancy Brabois, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France EA 7300, Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Médecine, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jeulin
authors.affiliation: CHU Avicennes, France.
authors.forename: Chakib
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alloui
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yerly
authors.affiliation: CHU Bicêtre, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Coralie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pallier
authors.affiliation: CHU de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Virologie, F-33000 Bordeaux, France Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5234, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reigadas
authors.affiliation: CHU Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Signori-Schmuck
authors.affiliation: CHU Orléans, France.
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guigon
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Samira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fafi-Kremer
authors.affiliation: CHU Paul Brousse, Laboratoire de Virologie, Villejuif, France INSERM U795, Univ Paris Sud, Hepatinov, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haïm-Boukobza
authors.affiliation: CHU Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mirand
authors.affiliation: CHU Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maillard
authors.affiliation: CHU Brest, France.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vallet
authors.affiliation: CHU Amiens, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roussel
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université de Paris, 06-UMR_S 1136 Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, F-75005 Paris, France INSERM-UMR_S 1136 Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, F-75013 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Lambert
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Assoumou
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université de Paris, 06-UMR_S 1136 Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, F-75005 Paris, France INSERM-UMR_S 1136 Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, F-75013 Paris, France AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Laboratoire de Virologie, F-75013 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Calvez
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université de Paris, 06-UMR_S 1136 Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, F-75005 Paris, France INSERM-UMR_S 1136 Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, F-75013 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Flandre
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université de Paris, 06-UMR_S 1136 Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, F-75005 Paris, France INSERM-UMR_S 1136 Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, F-75013 Paris, France AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Laboratoire de Virologie, F-75013 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Anne-Geneviève
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Marcelin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000209:etiology; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents
keywords: ARV; CSF; HIV; resistance