title: Anatomical laparoscopic hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma using indocyanine green fluorescence imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is important to minimize surgical invasiveness in the therapy of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and consequently laparoscopic hepatic resection is widely performed. However, most anatomical resections, except left lateral sectionectomy, remain difficult technically, and laparoscopy-assisted procedures have been introduced as an alternative approach because of the safety and curative success of the operation. We reported previously pure laparoscopic subsegmentectomy of the liver using puncture of the portal branch under percutaneous ultrasound (US) with artificial ascites. Herein, we describe pure anatomical laparoscopic segmentectomy using the puncture method with indocyanine green (ICG) injection under laparoscopic US.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pure laparoscopic segmentectomy was planned for 2 patients with HCC of the liver. Identification of the segment was performed by ICG injection for optical imaging using near-infrared fluorescence under laparoscopic US guidance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The procedures were completed successfully, and the postoperative courses were uneventful.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pure laparoscopic segmentectomy for HCC with a conventional puncture technique by ICG injection under laparoscopic US is considered to be a useful procedure featuring both low invasiveness and curative success.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University School of Medicine , Kagoshima, Japan .
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakoda
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iino
authors.forename: Kiyokazu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiwatashi
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: Yota
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurahara
authors.forename: Yukou
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mataki
authors.forename: Kousei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maemura
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uenosono
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shinchi
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Natsugoe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green