title: The clinical pattern of primary hyperoxaluria in pediatric patient at Queen Rania Abdulla Children Hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperoxaluria is a metabolic disorder that can lead to end stage renal disease (ESRD). It can be either inherited or acquired. Primary hyperoxaluria (PHO) is more common and characterized by an excessive production of oxalate leading to recurrent urolithiasis and progressive nephrocalcinosis. Due to the high rate of consanguineous marriage in Jordan this disease is commonly diagnosed in pediatric nephrology clinics. We aimed to demonstrate the clinical pattern and progression to ESRD in pediatric patients with hyperoxaluria at Queen Rania Abdulla Children Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of all patients followed up in the pediatric nephrology clinic with the diagnosis of PHO during the period between September 2007 and March 2013 were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 70 patients with the diagnosis of PHO, 52.9% were males. The median age at presentation was 3 years ± 3 months with the youngest child being two months old. Diagnosis was made in the first year of life in 15.7% of patients. The most common presenting symptom was hematuria, while 14% of patients were asymptomatic and detected by family screening after the diagnosis of an index case. At the time of initial presentation, 15.7% of patients had ESRD and 25% had impaired renal function. Kidney stones were found in 57% of cases and nephrocalcinosis was found in 37%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High index of suspicion is needed to diagnose PHO in children presenting with kidney stone or unexplained hematuria. Twenty-four hour urine collection for oxalate are required to make the proper diagnosis. Family screening, when appropriate, is indicated for early detection of PHO.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Queen Rania Abdulla Children Hospital, Jordan.
authors.forename: Reham I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Almardini
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Queen Rania Abdulla Children Hospital, Jordan.
authors.forename: Mahdi G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Alfarah
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Queen Rania Abdulla Children Hospital, Jordan.
authors.forename: Ghazi M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Salaita
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006960:Hyperoxaluria, Primary / Q000209:etiology*; D007597:Jordan; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D010070:Oxalates / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D010070:Oxalates