title: Experimental Lung Injury Promotes Changes in Oxidative/Nitrative Status and Inflammatory Markers in Cerebral Cortex of Rats.
abstract: In the present study, we investigate the effect of lung injury on parameters of oxidative/nitrative stress [reactive oxygen species production, nitrite levels, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), carbonyl content, sulfhydryl content, activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase), total radical-trapping antioxidant potential, glutathione content, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase], as well as on inflammation mediators [immunocontent of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) total (p65), NF-κB phosphorylated (pp65) subunit (cytosolic and nuclear), TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10] in the cerebral cortex. Cytokine levels in serum were also evaluated. Adult Wistar rats were submitted to lung injury induced by intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide in a dose of 100 μg/100 g body weight. Sham group (control) received isotonic saline instillation. Twelve hours after the injury, rats were decapitated and blood samples were collected and the cerebral cortex dissected out. Results showed an increase in reactive oxygen species production, TBARS, and nitrite and carbonyl levels in the cerebral cortex of rats submitted to lung injury. Antioxidant enzymatic defenses were altered, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities decreased, and catalase activity increased. Non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity, glutathione content, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were decreased. Inflammatory parameters were also altered in the cerebral cortex of rats subjected to lung injury; it was observed an increase in the immunocontent of NF-κB/p65 (nuclear fraction) and NF-κB/pp65 (cytosolic and nuclear faction), as well as an increase in TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 levels. The levels of IL-10 also increased in the serum. Our findings show that the lung injury alters oxidative/nitrative status and induces inflammation in the cerebral cortex of rats, which might be associated with cognitive impairments present in patients with lung injury.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maira J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: da Cunha
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: da Cunha
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
authors.forename: Samanta O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Loureiro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
authors.forename: Janaína
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kolling
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil. wyse@ufrgs.br.
authors.forename: Angela T S
authors.initials: ATS
authors.lastname: Wyse
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D055370:Lung Injury / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase
keywords: Cerebral cortex; Inflammation; Lung injury; Oxidative stress