title: The endothelial protective properties of essential oil from Fructus Alpiniae zerumbet via the Akt/NOS-NO signaling pathway in vitro.
abstract: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein has been demonstrated to induce vascular injury, at least partly, through the nitric oxide-dependent pathway. Our previous studies showed that the essential oil from Fructus Alpiniae zerumbet had a capacity of antioxidation to ameliorate endothelial function and vasodilatation on aortic rings ex vivo. The present study aims to confirm the hypothesis that Fructus Alpiniae zerumbet protects against oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced endothelial dysfunction in human aortic endothelial cells, and the role nitric oxide synthase plays in the process. Human aortic endothelial cells were pretreated with one of three different doses of Fructus Alpiniae zerumbet (1, 2, or 4 µg/mL), simvastatin (10 µM), or vehicle,followed by coincubation with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (150 µg/mL), for designed time periods. Exposure to oxidized low-density lipoprotein resulted in cytotoxicity accompanied by mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, excessive reactive oxygen species generation, and a decrease of nitric oxide production. The upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA and protein expression was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, respectively. Furthermore, oxidized low-density lipoprotein inhibited Akt phosphorylation and downregulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase and soluble guanylatecyclase in mRNA expression and the protein level. However, cytotoxicity and aberrant reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide generation caused by oxidized low-density lipoprotein could be significantly inhibited by Fructus Alpiniae zerumbet or Sim pretreatment. Results from this study confirmed that Fructus Alpiniae zerumbet could protect against oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced endothelial dysfunction by antioxidation and modulating the Akt/nitric oxide synthase-nitric oxide signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China.
authors.forename: Yini
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China.
authors.forename: Yanyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chinese Medicinal Pharmaceutics, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiangchun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D032429:Alpinia / Q000737:chemistry*; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D009822:Oils, Volatile; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt