title: Carotid intima-media thickness and left ventricular hypertrophy in hemodialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Two principal findings of cardiovascular disease in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing regular hemodialysis are left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and arterial disease due to rapidly progressive atherosclerotic vascular disease that can be characterized by an enlargement and hypertrophy of arteries (intima-media complex thickening; IMT).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we sought to evaluate the relationship between left ventricular hypertrophy with intima-media complex thickening in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing regular hemodialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-one patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who were undergoing regular and maintenance hemodialysis treatment (F=23, M=38) were studied. The subjects consisted of 50 non-diabetic hemodialysis patients (F=20, M=30) and 11 diabetic hemodialysis patients (F=3, M=8). For all the subjects, echocardiography and carotid intima-media thickness measuring by B-mode ultrasonography were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, there was a positive correlation between stages of LVH with duration of hemodialysis treatment, stages of hypertension (HTN), and with carotid-IMT. A positive correlation was also seen between stages of LVH and presence of chest pain, and more thickening of the intima-media complex was seen in the diabetic group. Diabetes mellitus was associated with the presence of chest pain, as was positive correlation between stages of HTN with IMT, and a reverse correlation was observed between IMT with the percent of cardiac ejection fraction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevalence of thickening in intima-media complex is more evident in hemodialysis subjects with LVH. When there is LVH, IMT is similar in severity to the LVH.
authors.affiliation: Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rafieian-Kopaei
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nasri
keywords: End-stage renal disease; Hemodialysis; Intima–media thickness