title: Development, initial content validation and reliability of Nigerian composite lifestyle CVD risk factors questionnaire for adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular disease risk (CVD) factors affect every age category including adolescents in developing nations. Prevention strategies are effective only when there are epidemiological data for the targeted populations. The collection of such data is only made easy with composite lifestyle CVD risk factors measures that are culturally sensitive and acceptable among the target populations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to develop a culturally sensitive and friendly composite lifestyle CVD risk factors questionnaire for adolescents in Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review was conducted to identify existing, published questionnaires from which items could be selected. Content and face validation were conducted using an expert panel and a sub-sample of the target population. Data was analyzed qualitatively and reliability was assessed using intra-class correlation and Kappa statistic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on the comments received from experts, the questions were restructured, simplified, clarified, formatted, some questions were added and expert reached a consensus. Kappa showed fair to moderate agreement in 65% of the questions and perfect agreement in one question.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CVD risk factors questionnaire has acceptable content validity and reliability and should be used to assess CVD risk factors among adolescents in Nigeria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria ; Department of Physiotherapy, Stellenbosch University, Republic of South Africa.
authors.forename: Nse A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Odunaiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, Stellenbosch University, Republic of South Africa.
authors.forename: Quinette A
authors.initials: QA
authors.lastname: Louw
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, Stellenbosch University, Republic of South Africa ; University of South Australia.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grimmers-Somers
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Federal Medical center, Umuohia, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Okechukwu S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Ogah
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D009549:Nigeria; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; adolescents; questionnaire; risk factors