title: Red clover isoflavones enriched with formononetin lower serum LDL cholesterol-a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although postmenopausal combined hormone replacement therapy reduces the risk of hip fracture, long-term use may be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, and in women more than 10 years after menopause it is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Isoflavones, because of preferential binding to estrogen receptor beta, may retain the beneficial effects on bone but lessen the adverse effects on the breast.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to study the effects of an isoflavone obtained from red clover (Rimostil) on bone mineral density, and on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 50 mg of Rimostil was given to women who were menopausal for at least 1 year. Bone mineral density of the spine, femoral neck and forearm and serum LDL cholesterol were measured at baseline and at 6-month intervals. The duration of follow-up was 2 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no beneficial effect of Rimostil on bone density at any site. There was a 12% fall in serum LDL cholesterol in the Rimostil-treated arm, which was significantly greater than the 2% drop seen in the control arm (P=0.005).
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia [2] Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Clifton-Bligh
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: M-L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Nery
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia [2] Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Clifton-Bligh
authors.affiliation: Menopause Clinic, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Visvalingam
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia [2] Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Fulcher
authors.affiliation: NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Byth
authors.affiliation: 1] Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia [2] Menopause Clinic, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baber
mesh_terms: D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D017698:Postmenopause; D029921:Trifolium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D007529:Isoflavones; D010919:Placebos; D010936:Plant Extracts; C007768:formononetin