title: Effects of fasting on intraocular pressure in a black population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a dearth of literature available on the effects of fasting on Intraocular pressure (IOP) among all races and worldwide.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of fasting on IOP in a black African population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based survey utilizing multistage random sampling techniques was carried out among healthy adult Muslims who were examined before and during Ramadan fast in Osogbo, Nigeria. Demographics were obtained, visual acuities, clinical examination of both eyes, and IOPs were done. Weights and waist circumference were measured. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences ( SPSS) Version 16. Analysis generated frequencies and cross tabulations, whereas statistical significant values were derived using paired sample t-test and P < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 60 subjects with 120 eyes were examined. Mean age was 42.3 years standard deviation (SD) 16.7, and the male to female ratio was 3:2. Majority were professionals (33.3%). Only 18.3% had less than secondary school education. Over 90% had normal vision (6/5-6/18). Before and during fasting, the mean weights were 65.92 kg SD 12.98 and 65.29 kg SD 12.41 with a reduction of 0.63 kg SD 3.82 (P = 0.214, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.372-1.626); and the mean waist circumference was 87.20 cm SD 12.39 and 81.78 cm SD 11.65 (P = 0.000, 95% CI 4.128-6.720), respectively. Mean IOPs were 15.98 mmHg SD 3.11 and 14.08 mmHg SD 2.71 before and during fasting, respectively (P = 0.000, 95% CI 0.98558-2.82798).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study shows that fasting significantly reduced IOP in an ocularly healthy black African population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology Unit, College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Mustapha B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology Unit, College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Michaeline A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Isawumi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044383:Black People; D001824:Body Constitution; D005215:Fasting / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular
keywords: Black; Fasting; Intraocular Pressure; Population