title: Student and resident perspectives on professionalism: beliefs, challenges, and suggested teaching strategies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the views of medical students and residents regarding the practice of professionalism, their perceived challenges, and ideas for the development of a new curriculum in medical professionalism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from four focus groups comprised of 27 residents and medical students recruited from the University of South Florida Morsani School of Medicine and Residency Programs between January and March 2012. A questioning protocol was used to guide the focus group discussion. Data were transcribed for thematic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Learners expressed beliefs regarding key attributes of professional behaviors, factors perceived to be associated with lapses of professional behavior, skills that need to be taught, and strategies to teach professionalism from the learners' perspective. Learners perceived that the values of professionalism are often disconnected from the reality evidenced in clinical training due to a myriad of personal and contextual challenges.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Residents and students need help in negotiating some of the challenges to medical professionalism that are encountered in clinical settings. We recommend a learner's centered model of curriculum development in medical professionalism that takes into consideration perceived challenges and strategies for modeling and reinforcing medical professionalism.
authors.affiliation: Community and Family Health Department, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Abraham A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Salinas-Miranda
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, College of Education, University of South Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Emily J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Shaffer-Hudkins
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, College of Education, University of South Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Kathy L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Bradley-Klug
authors.affiliation: Academic Affairs and Faculty Development, Baylor College of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: Alicia D H
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Monroe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003479:Curriculum; D004501:Education, Medical; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008297:Male; D017145:Models, Educational; D011361:Professional Competence / Q000592:standards*; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Medical professionali; curriculum development; focus groups; medical residents; medical students