title: Antibody persistence and T-cell balance: two key factors confronting HIV vaccine development.
abstract: The quest for a prophylactic AIDS vaccine is ongoing, but it is now clear that the successful vaccine must elicit protective antibody responses. Accordingly, intense efforts are underway to identify immunogens that elicit these responses. Regardless of the mechanism of antibody-mediated protection, be it neutralization, Fc-mediated effector function, or both, antibody persistence and appropriate T-cell help are significant problems confronting the development of a successful AIDS vaccine. Here, we discuss the evidence illustrating the poor persistence of antibody responses to Env, the envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1, and the related problem of CD4(+) T-cell responses that compromise vaccine efficacy by creating excess cellular targets of HIV-1 infection. Finally, we propose solutions to both problems that are applicable to all Env-based AIDS vaccines regardless of the mechanism of antibody-mediated protection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Basic Science and Vaccine Research Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 glewis@ihv.umaryland.edu rgallo@ihv.umaryland.edu.
authors.forename: George K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Division of Basic Science and Vaccine Research Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201.
authors.forename: Anthony L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: DeVico
authors.affiliation: Division of Basic Science and Vaccine Research Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 glewis@ihv.umaryland.edu rgallo@ihv.umaryland.edu.
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Gallo
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
keywords: AIDS; HIV; T cell; antibody persistence; vaccine