title: Linear versus non-linear gastrointestinal foreign bodies in 499 dogs: clinical presentation, management and short-term outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare clinical signs, clinicopathological abnormalities, imaging findings and outcome of dogs with linear and non-linear foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of case records of dogs with a confirmed diagnosis of gastrointestinal foreign body. Signalment, history, clinical signs, clinicopathological data, diagnostic imaging studies, surgical and endoscopic procedures, hospital stay, costs and outcome were compared between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 176 dogs had linear and 323 had non-linear foreign bodies. Dogs with a linear foreign body were more likely to have a history of vomiting, anorexia, lethargy and pain on abdominal palpation. They were also more likely to have the foreign body anchored in the stomach and continuing into the small intestine, experience intestinal necrosis, perforation and peritonitis, and require intestinal resection and anastamosis. The duration of hospitalisation was longer for dogs with linear foreign body (3 versus 2 days), and the cost of treatment was 10% higher. However, in both groups, 96% of dogs survived to hospital discharge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dogs with a linear foreign body had more severe clinical signs and gastrointestinal pathology, and an increased duration of hospitalisation and cost of care. However, overall survival rates were not different in dogs with linear and non-linear foreign bodies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6010, USA.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hobday
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Pachtinger
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Drobatz
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Syring
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome