title: Effect of supersaturation on hillock of directional Growth of KDP crystals.
abstract: KDP single crystals were grown in aqueous solution by using "point seeds" with a defined crystallographic direction of 59° to the Z axis. When hillock slopes on the (100) face of KDP crystals were measured within the supersaturation (σ) range of 0 < σ ≤ 0.06, the slope of hillocks with hollow cores depended nonlinearly on supersaturation. Below σ = 0.02, the hillock slope depended on supersaturation, but when σ was ≥ 0.02, the hillock slope increased more gradually and was less dependent on supersaturation. Hollow funnel-shaped growth dislocation on the (100) face of KDP crystals was observed at σ = 0.04, characterized by large holes with micro-steps and step bunching inside, the formation of which were analyzed. The result verified that the reversed growth appears to occur within hollow channels found on growth hillocks.
authors.affiliation: 1] State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University Jinan 250100, China [2] Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials and Device, Ministry of Education, Shandong Universiy Jian 250100, China.
authors.forename: Fa-Fu
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University Jinan 250100, China.
authors.forename: Guang-Wei
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: 1] State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University Jinan 250100, China [2] Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials and Device, Ministry of Education, Shandong Universiy Jian 250100, China.
authors.forename: Li-Song
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Advanced Research Center for Optics, Shandong University Jinan 250100, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 1] State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University Jinan 250100, China [2] Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials and Device, Ministry of Education, Shandong Universiy Jian 250100, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1] State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University Jinan 250100, China [2] Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials and Device, Ministry of Education, Shandong Universiy Jian 250100, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yu
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: 1] State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University Jinan 250100, China [2] Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials and Device, Ministry of Education, Shandong Universiy Jian 250100, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Kai
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University Taian 271018, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Liang
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: 1] State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University Jinan 250100, China [2] Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials and Device, Ministry of Education, Shandong Universiy Jian 250100, China.
authors.forename: Li-Li
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: 1] State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University Jinan 250100, China [2] Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials and Device, Ministry of Education, Shandong Universiy Jian 250100, China.
authors.forename: Shao-Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: 1] State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University Jinan 250100, China [2] Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials and Device, Ministry of Education, Shandong Universiy Jian 250100, China.
authors.forename: Ming-Xia
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: 1] State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University Jinan 250100, China [2] Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials and Device, Ministry of Education, Shandong Universiy Jian 250100, China.
authors.forename: Bao-An
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: 1] State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University Jinan 250100, China [2] Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials and Device, Ministry of Education, Shandong Universiy Jian 250100, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Guang
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: 1] State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University Jinan 250100, China [2] Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials and Device, Ministry of Education, Shandong Universiy Jian 250100, China.
authors.forename: Qing-Tian
authors.initials: QT
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: 1] State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University Jinan 250100, China [2] Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials and Device, Ministry of Education, Shandong Universiy Jian 250100, China.
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun