title: Intake levels of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids modify the association between the genetic variation in PCSK5 and HDL cholesterol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A low serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5 (PCSK5) modulates HDL-C metabolism through the inactivation of endothelial lipase activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therefore, we analysed the effects of PCSK5 on HDL-C and investigated the association between genetic variation in PCSK5 and dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) intakes in Korean adults and children. This population-based study which was conducted in South Korea included 4205 adults (43% male) aged 40-69 years and 1548 children (48.6% boys) aged 8-13 years. Dietary intake was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire in adults and modified 3-day food records in children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustments for age and body mass index, we identified a significant association between SNP rs1029035 of the PCSK5 gene and HDL-C concentrations specifically for men in both populations (adults, p=0.004; children, p=0.003; meta, p=7×10(-4)). Additionally, the interaction between the PCSK5 rs1029035 genotype and dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids intake influenced serum HDL-C concentrations in men (adults, p=0.001; children, p=0.008). The deleterious effect of the C allele on serum HDL-C was present only when dietary PUFA intake was less than the dichotomised median level (adults, p=0.011; children, p=0.001). Serum HDL-C concentrations were decreased in men with the C allele genotype and low consumption of dietary PUFA including n-3 and n-6.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to these results, men carrying of the C allele were associated with low HDL-C concentrations and might exert beneficial effects on HDL-C concentrations following consumption of a high-PUFA diet.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongwon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Han Byul
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongwon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Joo-Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongwon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongwon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongwon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongwon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: YounJhin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Obesity Research Institute, Seoul-Paik Hospital, Inje University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Heon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Hee
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongwon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Bok-Ghee
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongwon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Bong Jo
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongwon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Ick
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongwon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Ja
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000235:genetics*; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D045702:Proprotein Convertase 5; D056910:Republic of Korea
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; C000599273:PCSK5 protein, human; D045702:Proprotein Convertase 5
keywords: Complex traits; Genetic epidemiology; Nutrition and Metabolism