title: Living with orofacial conditions: psychological distress and quality of life in adults affected with Treacher Collins syndrome, cherubism, or oligodontia/ectodermal dysplasia-a comparative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The relationship between quality of life, psychological distress, and orofacial syndromes in children and adolescents has been reported in several studies. However, little is known about differences in psychological distress and quality of life among adults with different orofacial conditions. Therefore, the aims of this study were to examine and compare these factors among three groups of adults affected by Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS), cherubism, and oligodontia/ectodermal dysplasia (ED).
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 11 individuals with TCS (mean age 46.9, SD 12.9 years), 15 with cherubism (mean age 50.3, SD 16.8 years), and 49 with oligodontia/ED (mean age 30.7, SD 15.6 years). The respondents completed questionnaires related to psychological distress and quality of life.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The oligodontia/ED group had a significantly higher level of anxiety and worse mental health-related quality of life than both the TCS and cherubism groups. Adults with TCS reported the highest level of depression, and the lowest levels of overall quality of life, well-being, and physical health-related quality of life. The cherubism group displayed the best overall quality of life, well-being, and mental health.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psychological distress and quality of life differed in various orofacial conditions. This study provided insight into these aspects that may contribute to improved care.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Social Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway, amy-ostertun.geirdal@hioa.no.
authors.forename: Amy Østertun
authors.initials: AØ
authors.lastname: Geirdal
authors.forename: Solfrid Sørgjerd
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Saltnes
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Storhaug
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Åsten
authors.forename: Hilde
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nordgarden
authors.forename: Janicke Liaaen
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology; D002636:Cherubism / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D004476:Ectodermal Dysplasia / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008342:Mandibulofacial Dysostosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult