title: Organ-specific distribution of gold nanoparticles by their surface functionalization.
abstract: The behavior and fate of intravenously (i.v.) injected nanoparticles (NPs) can be controlled by several physicochemical factors including size, shape and surface charge. To evaluate the role of surface charge on distribution of NPs, we used neutral-charged 15-nm-sized polyethylene glycol-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNP(PEG)) as a core NP and carboxyl or amine groups were conjugated to AuNP(PEG) to generate negative (AuNP(COOH)) or positive AuNP (AuNP(NH2)), respectively. Each type of AuNP was i.v. injected into mice (1 mg kg(-1)) and the concentration of Au was measured in different organs at 30 min, 4, 24 h, 7, 14 days, 1, 3 and 6 months post-injection. The organ distribution also showed the higher deposition rate depending on their functional groups: AuNP(PEG) for mesenteric lymph node, kidney, brain and testis; AuNP(COOH) for liver; AuNP(NH2) for spleen, lung and heart. The blood circulation time and the major excretion route were different depending on their functional groups. In conclusion, functional groups conjugated on the surface of AuNPs produce differences in blood kinetics, organ distribution and elimination pattern which can be important information for directing NPs to specific organs or improving the kinetic properties.
authors.affiliation: Toxicological Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, 363-700, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Kwon
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tae Sung
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ji Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: A Young
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Sang Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ji Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Seok
authors.forename: Hang Sik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.forename: Chi Won
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Mi Jin
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jinyoung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Bong Hyun
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Yun-Geon
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jayoung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Wan-Seob
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017612:Gold Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic / Q000379:methods; D013499:Surface Properties; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D017612:Gold Compounds
keywords: charge; functional group; gold nanoparticle; intravenous injection; tissue distribution