title: Joint effect of glutathione S-transferase genotypes and cigarette smoking on idiopathic male infertility.
abstract: Inconsistent results of association studies investigated the role of glutathione S-transferase genes in idiopathic male infertility may be explained by ethnical differences in gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. In this study, we investigated a joint contribution of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms and cigarette smoking to the risk of idiopathic infertility in Russian men. DNA samples from 203 infertile and 227 fertile men were genotyped by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletions) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (GSTP1 I105V) methods. The GSTP1 genotype 105IV was associated with increased risk of male infertility (OR = 1.50 95% CI 1.02-2.20 P = 0.04). Genotype combinations GSTP1 105II/GSTT1 del (G1), GSTM1 del/GSTT1 del (G2) and GSTM1 + /GSTT1 del (G3) were associated with decreased risk of male infertility (P ≤ 0.003), whereas a genotype combination GSTP1 105IV/GSTT1 + (G4) was associated with increased disease risk (P = 0.001). The genotype combinations G3 and G4 showed a significant association with infertility in smokers; however, nonsmokers carriers did show the disease risk. In conclusion, GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 genes are collectively involved in the development of idiopathic male infertility and their phenotypic effects on the disease risk are potentiated by cigarette smoking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia.|Family Planning and Reproductive Health Clinic, Regional Perinatal Center, Kursk, Russia.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Yarosh
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology and Theory of Evolution, Kursk State University, Kursk, Russia.
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Kokhtenko
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia.
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Churnosov
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Solodilova
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia.
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Polonikov
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D005838:Genotype; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi / Q000235:genetics; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012426:Russia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1; C496556:GSTP1 protein, human
keywords: Cigarette smoking; gene-environment interactions; gene-gene interactions; glutathione S-transferase; idiopathic male infertility