title: Reversal of experimental paralysis in a human by intranasal neostigmine aerosol suggests a novel approach to the early treatment of neurotoxic envenomation.
abstract: Neurotoxic snake envenomation can result in respiratory failure and death. Early treatment is considered important to survival. Inexpensive, heat-stable, needle-free, antiparalytics could facilitate early treatment of snakebite and save lives, but none have been developed. An experiment using aerosolized neostigmine to reverse paralysis suggests how early interventions could be developed.
authors.affiliation: Center for Exploration and Travel Health, California Academy of Sciences San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Lewin
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, University of California San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bickler
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, University of California San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Heier
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, University of California San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feiner
authors.affiliation: U.S. State Department (Ret) Berkeley, California, USA.
authors.forename: Lance
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Montauk
authors.affiliation: Janelia Farm Research Campus Ashburn, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mensh
keywords: Anticholinesterase; emergency medicine; neurotoxin; snakebite; toxicology