title: Inflammatory and bone turnover markers in relation to PTH and vitamin D status among Saudi postmenopausal women with and without osteoporosis.
abstract: Postmenopausal osteoporosis is characterized by rapid bone loss occurring in the post-menopausal period. The bone loss predominantly involves the trabecular bone and is brought about by an imbalance between the bone remodeling process which can be influenced by factors that could cause or contribute to osteoporosis. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (Il-1β, Il-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) have been implicated in the regulation of bone cells and play a critical role in bone remodeling. They act both directly and indirectly to increase bone resorption, and/or inhibit bone formation. The aim of the study is to determine whether pro-inflammatory cytokines correlate with bone turnover markers (BTM) in a cohort of Saudi post-menopausal women with or without osteoporosis and which BTMs will correlate with PTH and Vitamin D for use in osteoporosis diagnosis. The study is composed of 100 post-menopausal patients and 100 controls aged 50 years and above. Serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory and BTMs as well as PTH and vitamin D were determined by ELISA, Luminex and electrochemiluminescence. Serum calcium, phosphorus, glucose, and lipid profile were measured by using a chemical analyzer. There was a significant increase in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, PTH, CTx, and glucose. A significantly lower vitamin D and osteocalcin levels were observed in subjects with osteoporosis than those without. No significant differences were recorded in the circulating lipid profile between groups. The present study proved that the pro-inflammatory cytokines accelerate the bone loss in postmenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia ; Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Nasser M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Al-Daghri
authors.affiliation: Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia ; Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Sobhy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yakout
authors.affiliation: Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Eman
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Al-Shehri
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hanan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Al-Fawaz
authors.affiliation: Specialized Diabetes and Endocrine Center, College of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City and King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Riyadh 22490, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Naji
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aljohani
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Yousef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Al-Saleh
keywords: PTH; Saudi women; bone biomarkers; osteoporosis; vitamin D