title: Copper resistance selection and activity changes of antioxidases in the flesh fly Boettcherisca peregrina.
abstract: Natural populations of Boettcherisca (Sarcophaga) peregrina Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) were maintained for 20 generations and reared either on unpolluted diet or on polluted diet containing copper at a median lethal concentration (LC50) determined every five generations. This resulted in two reliable strains: the relative susceptible strain (S) and the copperresistant strain (R). The metal accumulation, growth and development, reproduction, and antioxidant enzymes were analyzed in the two strains. The results showed that compared with the S strain, the R strain showed increased metal accumulation and fecundity of female adults. Regardless of whether larvae were fed on diet with or without Cu(2+), the R strain showed higher activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase than the S strain, although without statistical significance. Moreover, the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase increased when B. peregrina larvae were exposed to Cu(2+) at 100 µg/g but decreased when they were exposed to Cu(2+) at 800 µg/g. Larval catalase activity in the R strain was higher than in the S strain when larvae were fed on diet with or without Cu(2+), although these differences were significant only at the 100 µg/g concentration. Moreover, the activity of catalase decreased when larvae were exposed to experimental Cu(2+). Beyond all expectations, larval glutathione reductase activity was not significantly different between the two strains but changed slightly when larvae were exposed to experimental Cu(2+). These results indicate that copper resistance in B. peregrina larvae is mediated by superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase. These results also help in establishing a physiological link between antioxidase activity and the resistance level of B. peregrina to copper.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China wugx1@163.com.
authors.forename: Guoxing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China chonchon@163.com.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province and Key Laboratory of Southwest Mountain Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China yzhu001@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jiaying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China chu@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Cui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China gyye@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Gongyin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province and Key Laboratory of Southwest Mountain Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
authors.forename: Nannan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism*; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D004032:Diet; D004175:Diptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000187:drug effects; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D003300:Copper; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase
keywords: catalase; development; glutathione S-transferase; reproduction; superoxide dismutase