title: Utility of Clostridium difficile toxin B for inducing anti-tumor immunity.
abstract: Clostridium difficile toxin B (TcdB) is a key virulence factor of bacterium and induces intestinal inflammatory disease. Because of its potent cytotoxic and proinflammatory activities, we investigated the utility of TcdB in developing anti-tumor immunity. TcdB induced cell death in mouse colorectal cancer CT26 cells, and the intoxicated cells stimulated the activation of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and subsequent T cell activation in vitro. Immunization of BALB/c mice with toxin-treated CT26 cells elicited potent anti-tumor immunity that protected mice from a lethal challenge of the same tumor cells and rejected pre-injected tumors. The anti-tumor immunity generated was cell-mediated, long-term, and tumor-specific. Further experiments demonstrated that the intact cell bodies were important for the immunogenicity since lysing the toxin-treated tumor cells reduced their ability to induce antitumor immunity. Finally, we showed that TcdB is able to induce potent anti-tumor immunity in B16-F10 melanoma model. Taken together, these data demonstrate the utility of C. difficile toxin B for developing anti-tumor immunity.
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, China; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Tuxiong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, China; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Guangchao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Haiying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Lianfa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Gregorio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perez-Cordon
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Diagnostics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Life Science, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoning
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jufang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Hanping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000187:drug effects; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007109:Immunity / Q000187:drug effects*; D007114:Immunization; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D007376:Interleukin-2; C031815:toxB protein, Clostridium difficile; D007371:Interferon-gamma