title: [Multifunctional HIV accessory proteins are hub proteins antagonizing host antiviral factors].
abstract: HIV has several accessory proteins (Vif, Vpu, Vpr, Vpx, and Nef) along with structural /enzymatic (Gag, Pol, and Env) and gene-expression regulatory proteins (Tat and Rev) essential for viral replication. The accessory proteins are neither required in some kinds of cells and nor all conserved between HIV-1 and HIV-2. For these reasons, their functional roles and mechanisms had been unclear. However, since a finding of Vif's neutralizing function against host restriction factor APOBEC3G, it has been elucidated that the accessory proteins play critical roles to antagonize host intrinsic antiviral activity. So far, in addition to Vif-APOBEC3, Vpu-BST-2/Tetherin and Vpx-SAMHD1 have been identified as such examples. Here, we summarize the biological functions and features on HIV accessory proteins in terms of antagonizing factors against the host antiviral factors.
authors.affiliation: National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Clinical Research Center.
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: Yasumasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwatani
mesh_terms: D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000502:physiology; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000502:physiology*; D051959:ELAV Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D016346:Gene Products, vif / Q000502:physiology; D006678:HIV / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D054298:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D000076106:SAM Domain and HD Domain-Containing Protein 1; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000235:genetics; D000074010:Bone Marrow Stromal Antigen 2; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins
chemical_list: D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; D015703:Antigens, CD; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase; D051959:ELAV Proteins; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D016346:Gene Products, vif; D054298:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins; D000076106:SAM Domain and HD Domain-Containing Protein 1; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; C094572:BST2 protein, human; D000074010:Bone Marrow Stromal Antigen 2; C074286:VPX protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 2; C514859:vpu protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins; C484280:SAMHD1 protein, human; C464924:APOBEC3G protein, human