title: Complications after selective embolization in the bilateral internal iliac arteries and the median sacral artery with gelfoam particles in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aimed to observe the complications after the bilateral internal iliac arteries and the median sacral artery embolization by different severity and combinations of gelfoam particles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen healthy adult dogs were randomly divided into five groups. Under the monitoring of digital subtraction angiography (DSA), gelfoam particles with diameter of 50-150 μm were applied. In group A, embolization was performed up to the trunk of bilateral internal iliac arteries and the median sacral artery; in group B, embolization was up to the trunk of bilateral internal iliac arteries; in group C, embolization was up to the first branch of bilateral internal iliac arteries and the median sacral artery; in group D, embolization was up to the trunk of unilateral internal iliac artery and the median sacral artery; in group E embolization was performed up to the trunk of unilateral internal iliac artery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven dogs died within 48 hours after embolization. In the dead animals of groups A, C and D, there were rectum necrosis and lamellar obfuscation and hemorrhage edema in bladder. In the histological examination, there are rectum and bladder cell dissociation, inflammatory cell infiltration and epithelial cell ablating in the dead animals. The embolization mainly presented in arterioles with a diameter of 100-200 μm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When gelfoam particles of 50-150 μm in diameter were applied for embolization in the internal iliac artery and median sacral artery, at least unilateral internal iliac artery should be preserved when embolization is performed in the proximal artery and the trunk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, No. 2 People's Hospital Wuhu.
authors.forename: Yetian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei 230032, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, No. 2 People's Hospital Wuhu.
authors.forename: Guangye
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei 230032, China.
authors.forename: Zongsheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yin
keywords: Canine; complications; digital subtraction angiography; embolization; internal iliac artery