title: Validation of a lateral flow test (MRLAFMQ) for the detection of aflatoxin M₁ at 50 ng l⁻¹ in raw commingled milk.
abstract: Aflatoxin M₁ contamination in dairy products is a risk when feedstuff contaminated with aflatoxin B₁ produced by moulds is consumed by milk-producing animals. Milk can be screened for aflatoxin M₁ at the European Union maximum limit of 50 ng l⁻¹ by a lateral flow test, the MRLAFMQ (Aflatoxin M1) Test. The method takes 15 min with no milk dilution or a sample preparation step. The lateral flow assay was validated at the Technology and Food Science Unit of the Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO-T&V) according to European Union guidelines using fortified raw milk samples. A detection capability of 50 ng l⁻¹ was demonstrated with a false negative rate lower than 2% at 50 ng l⁻¹ and a false positive rate of less than 0.3%. Quantitative readings had a mean bias of +2 to 6 ng l⁻¹ at 50 ng l⁻¹ with a standard deviation of 5-8 ng l⁻¹. Based on the validation results, the test could be considered appropriate for milk screening prior to milk unload at dairies.
authors.affiliation: a Technology and Food Science Unit of the Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO-T&V) , Melle , Belgium.
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Reybroeck
authors.forename: Sigrid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ooghe
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Saul
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Salter
mesh_terms: D016607:Aflatoxin M1 / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D001530:Belgium; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental / Q000032:analysis*; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005062:European Union; D005506:Food Contamination; D005511:Food Handling; D005513:Food Inspection / Q000379:methods*; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000592:standards; D061352:Pasteurization; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
chemical_list: D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D016607:Aflatoxin M1
keywords: European Union maximum limit; aflatoxin M1; quantitative screening test; raw milk; validation