title: Partnered research in healthcare delivery redesign for high-need, high-cost patients: development and feasibility of an Intensive Management Patient-Aligned Care Team (ImPACT).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We employed a partnered research healthcare delivery redesign process to improve care for high-need, high-cost (HNHC) patients within the Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Health services researchers partnered with VA national and Palo Alto facility leadership and clinicians to: 1) analyze characteristics and utilization patterns of HNHC patients, 2) synthesize evidence about intensive management programs for HNHC patients, 3) conduct needs-assessment interviews with HNHC patients (n = 17) across medical, access, social, and mental health domains, 4) survey providers (n = 8) about care challenges for HNHC patients, and 5) design, implement, and evaluate a pilot Intensive Management Patient-Aligned Care Team (ImPACT) for a random sample of 150 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HNHC patients accounted for over half (52 %) of VA facility patient costs. Most (94 %) had three or more chronic conditions, and 60 % had a mental health diagnosis. Formative data analyses and qualitative assessments revealed a need for intensive case management, care coordination, transitions navigation, and social support and services. The ImPACT multidisciplinary team developed care processes to meet these needs, including direct access to team members (including after-hours), chronic disease management protocols, case management, and rapid interventions in response to health changes or acute service use. Two-thirds of invited patients (n = 101) enrolled in ImPACT, 87 % of whom remained actively engaged at 9 months. ImPACT is now serving as a model for a national VA intensive management demonstration project.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Partnered research that incorporated population data analysis, evidence synthesis, and stakeholder needs assessments led to the successful redesign and implementation of services for HNHC patients. The rigorous design process and evaluation facilitated dissemination of the intervention within the VA healthcare system.
  Employing partnered research to redesign care for high-need, high-cost patients may expedite development and dissemination of high-value, cost-saving interventions.
authors.affiliation: Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 795 Willow Road, MPD-152, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA, dzulman@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Donna M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Zulman
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Ezeji-Okoye
authors.forename: Jonathan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Debra L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hummel
authors.forename: Katie S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Holloway
authors.forename: Sasha F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Smither
authors.forename: Jessica Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Breland
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Chardos
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kirsh
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Asch
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006302:Health Services Research / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D058996:Quality Improvement / Q000458:organization & administration; D014481:United States; D014493:United States Department of Veterans Affairs / Q000458:organization & administration