title: Pulmonary sequestration in adult patients: a retrospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pulmonary sequestration (PS) is a rare congenital malformation. This study presents the characteristics of PS in adult patients, including pulmonary function and concurrent infection, which have not been well documented previously.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients ≥16 years old with a discharge diagnosis of PS from Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 1990 and December 2013 were retrospectively analysed. Age, sex, clinical symptoms, chest computed tomography (CT) results, results of pulmonary function tests, diagnostic methods, type and localization of sequestration, origin of arterial supply, complications due to infection and treatment information were retrieved from hospital records and analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-two patients were included in this study (mean age 36.6 ± 11.8 years). Clinical symptoms included cough, expectoration, haemoptysis, intermittent fever and chest pain. The most common CT findings were soft tissue opacity, cystic lesion, cavitary lesion and bronchiectasis. Intralobar and extralobar sequestrations were present in 92.8 and 7.2% of the patients, respectively. PS located in the left lower lobe was 2.1 times more frequent than that in the right lower lobe. PS was diagnosed by computed tomography angiography (CTA) in only 37.5% of patients; the remaining patients were undiagnosed before surgery. Obstructive ventilation dysfunction was found in 8.8% of patients. Pulmonary aspergillosis was detected in 9.7% of patients, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the leading pathogen (as determined by tissue cultures). PS was resected via thoracotomy in 87.0% of patients and via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in 13.0%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PS is a rare disease, and missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis are very common in PS patients. CTA and other angiography techniques should be used when there is suspicion of PS. Some PS patients have mild to moderate derangement of pulmonary ventilation, and PS might be associated with concurrent aspergillosis. VATS and posterolateral thoracotomy are both feasible methods for PS resection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xuefeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China xiaoyipumch@sina.com.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001998:Bronchopulmonary Sequestration / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000150:complications; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa; D055732:Pulmonary Aspergillosis / Q000150:complications; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests / Q000379:methods; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000150:complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Angiography; Aspergillosis; Computed tomography; Pulmonary function test; Pulmonary sequestration