title: Epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus and cutaneous lupus erythematosus in a predominantly white population in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Epidemiologic studies comparing the incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and isolated cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) are few. Olmsted County, Minnesota provides a unique setting for such a study owing to resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project. We sought to describe and compare the incidence and prevalence of SLE and CLE from 1993-2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  SLE cases were identified from review of medical records and fulfilled the 1982 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria. CLE cases included patients with classic discoid lupus erythematosus, subacute CLE, lupus panniculitis, and bullous lupus erythematosus. Age- and sex-adjusted incidence and prevalence were standardized to the 2000 US white population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The age- and sex-adjusted incidence of SLE (2.9 per 100,000; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.0-3.7) was similar to that of CLE (4.2 per 100,000; 95% CI 3.1-5.2, P = 0.10). However, the incidence of CLE was 3 times higher than SLE in men (2.4 versus 0.8 per 100,000; P = 0.009). The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of CLE on January 1, 2006 was higher than that of SLE (70.4 versus 30.5 per 100,000; P < 0.001). The prevalences of CLE and SLE in women were similar, but the prevalence of CLE was higher in men than in women (56.9 versus 1.6 per 100,000; P < 0.001). The incidence of CLE rose steadily with age and peaked at 60-69 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidences of CLE and SLE are similar, but CLE is more common than SLE in men and in older adults. These findings may reflect differences in genetic or environmental etiology of CLE.
authors.affiliation: Bumrungrad Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sudumpai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jarukitsopa
authors.affiliation: Mercy Arthritis & Osteoporosis Center, Des Moines, Iowa.
authors.forename: Deana D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Hoganson
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Cynthia S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Crowson
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
authors.forename: Olayemi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sokumbi
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Clement J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Michet
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Eric L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Matteson
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Hilal
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maradit Kremers
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Vaidehi R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Chowdhary
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001213:Asian; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008178:Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D044465:White People