title: A randomised controlled trial of fluid restriction compared to oesophageal Doppler-guided goal-directed fluid therapy in elective major colorectal surgery within an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery program.
abstract: There is continued controversy regarding the benefits of goal-directed fluid therapy, with earlier studies showing marked improvement in morbidity and length-of-stay that have not been replicated more recently. The aim of this study was to compare patient outcomes in elective colorectal surgery patients having goal-directed versus restrictive fluid therapy. Inclusion criteria included suitability for an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery care pathway and patients with an American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status score of 1 to 3. Patients were intraoperatively randomised to either restrictive or Doppler-guided goal-directed fluid therapy. The primary outcome was length-of-stay; secondary outcomes included complication rate, change in haemodynamic variables and fluid volumes. Compared to restrictive therapy, goal-directed therapy resulted in a greater volume of intraoperative fluid, 2115 (interquartile range 1350 to 2560) ml versus 1500 (1200 to 2000) ml, P=0.008, and was associated with an increase in Doppler-derived stroke volume index from beginning to end of surgery, 43.7 (16.3) to 54.2 (21.1) ml/m(2), P <0.001, in the latter group. Length-of-stay was similar, 6.5 (5 to 9) versus 6 (4 to 9) days, P=0.421. The number of patients with any complication (minor or major) was similar; 0% (30) versus 52% (26), P=0.42, or major complications, 1 (2%) versus 4 (8%), P=0.36, respectively. The increased perioperative fluid volumes and increased stroke volumes at the end of surgery in patients receiving goal-directed therapy did not translate to a significant difference in length-of-stay and we did not observe a difference in the number of patients experiencing minor or major complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, University of Melbourne and St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria.
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Phan
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: D'Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, University of Melbourne and St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rattray
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, University of Melbourne and St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria.
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Cowie
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology; D003107:Colorectal Surgery / Q000379:methods*; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D015397:Program Evaluation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Doppler; cardiac output; colorectal surgery; fluid therapy; monitoring – intraoperative; postoperative complications