title: Prevalence of refractive errors in children in Equatorial Guinea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this work is to evaluate the epidemiological aspects of the refractive errors in school-aged children in Malabo (Island of Bioko), Equatorial Guinea (western-central Africa).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 425 schoolchildren (209 male subjects and 216 female subjects, aged between 6 and 16 years) were examined to evaluate their refraction errors in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea (western-central Africa). The examination included autorefraction with cycloplegia, measurement of visual acuity (VA) for far vision, and the curvature radii of the main meridians of the anterior surface of the cornea.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A low prevalence of myopia was found (≤-0.50 diopters [D] spherical equivalent), with unilateral and bilateral myopia being 10.4 and 5.2%, respectively. The prevalence of unilateral and bilateral hypermetropia (≥2.0 D spherical equivalent) was 3.1 and 1.6%, respectively. Astigmatism (≤-0.75 D) was found in unilateral form in 32.5% of these children, whereas bilateral astigmatism was found in 11.8%. After excluding children having any ocular pathology, the low prevalence of high refractive errors signified good VA in these children. Significant differences were found in the distribution of the refractive errors by age and type of schooling (public or private) but not by sex. In general, the radii of the anterior of the cornea did not vary significantly with age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mean refractive errors found were low and therefore VA was high in these children. There was a low prevalence of myopia, with significantly higher values in those who attended private schools (educationally and socioeconomically more demanding). Astigmatism was the most frequent refractive error.
authors.affiliation: *PhD Laboratory of Vision Sciences and Applications, Department of Optics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain (all authors).
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soler
authors.forename: Rosario G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Anera
authors.forename: José J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Raimundo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jiménez
authors.forename: José R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Jiménez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D016703:Equatorial Guinea / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology