title: Progressive plateau root form dental implant osseointegration: A human retrieval study.
abstract: Although preclinical and sparse human histology retrieval studies have shown that the interface between implant and bone is constantly remodeling, no human retrieval database has been developed to determine the effect of functional loading time and other clinical/implant design variables on osseointegration. The present study tested the hypothesis that bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO) increase over functional loading time around dental implants. Due to prosthetic retreatment reasons, 93 human implant retrievals from the same manufacturer (Bicon LLC, Boston, MA, USA) were obtained over a period of approximately 15 years. The retrieved implants were under functional loading from 120 days to ∼18 years and were histomorphologic/metrically evaluated. BIC/BAFO were assessed as a function of multiple independent variables: implant surface type, diameter, length, jaw (maxilla/mandible), region (anterior/posterior), and time of functional loading. The results showed that both BIC and BAFO increased over time independently of implant design/clinical variables, supporting the postulated hypothesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Malvin N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Janal
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tovar
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.|Department of Dentistry, UNIGRANRIO, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, UNIGRANRIO, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Granato
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru College of Dentistry, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Estevam A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Bonfante
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Malmo University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jimbo
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jose N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York.|Director for Research, Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York.|Affiliated Faculty, Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Paulo G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Coelho
mesh_terms: D000069343:Bone-Implant Interface / Q000473:pathology*; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013997:Time Factors; D016474:Weight-Bearing
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: clinical; dental implant; histology; human retrieval; osseintegration