title: Effects of vacuum level and pulsation rate on milk ejection and milk flow traits in Tunisian dairy camels (Camelus dromedarius).
abstract: This work aims to compare the effects of milking at two vacuum levels (38 and 48 kPa) and three pulsation rates (60, 90, and 120 cpm) on milk production and milk flow characteristics. Six multiparous Maghrebi camels in late lactation and once daily milked were used. The best combination of setting for camel's milking was high vacuum and low pulsation rate (48 kPa/60 cpm). Milk yield and average and peak milk flow rate were the highest, while milking time was the shortest using this combination of setting (3.05 ± 0.30 kg, 1.52 ± 0.21 kg/min, 2.52 ± 0.21 kg/min, and 3.32 ± 0.31 min, respectively). Lower vacuum level lengthened milking time by more than 100 % and was not sufficient to extract milk correctly (1.69 to 2.48 times less milk yield harvested), suggesting a negative interaction with the stimulatory effect of pulsation. Higher pulsation rates did not better stimulate the camels and induced more bimodality and lower milk flow rates. Animal characteristics and liner/claw design affect machine milking and further investigations must be carried out to verify their effects and to study long-term effect of high vacuum level on udder health and teat condition.
authors.affiliation: Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory, Arid Lands Institute, University of Gabès, 4119, Médenine, Tunisia, atigui2009@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Moufida
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Atigui
authors.forename: Pierre-Guy
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Marnet
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barmat
authors.forename: Touhami
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Khorchani
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hammadi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D002162:Camelus; D003612:Dairying / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D007774:Lactation; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D008893:Milk Ejection; D010641:Phenotype; D011312:Pressure; D014416:Tunisia; D014618:Vacuum
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone