title: Carnosic acid attenuates obesity-induced glucose intolerance and hepatic fat accumulation by modulating genes of lipid metabolism in C57BL/6J-ob/ob mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carnosic acid (CA), a major bioactive component of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) leaves, is known to possess antioxidant and anti-adipogenic activities. In this study it was hypothesized that CA would ameliorate obesity-induced glucose intolerence and hepatic fat accumulation, and possible mechanisms are suggested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was observed that a 0.02% (w/w) CA diet effectively decreased body weight, liver weight and blood triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol levels (P < 0.05) compared with the control diet. CA at 0.02% significantly improved glucose tolerance, and hepatic TG accumulation was reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Hepatic lipogenic-related gene (L-FABP, SCD1 and FAS) expression decreased whereas lipolysis-related gene (CPT1) expression increased in animals fed the 0.02% CA diet (P < 0.05). Long-chain fatty acid content and the ratio of C18:1/C18:0 fatty acids were decreased in adipose tissue of animals fed the 0.02% CA diet (P < 0.05). Serum inflammatory mediators were also decreased significantly in animals fed the 0.02% CA diet compared with those of the obese control group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that CA is an effective anti-obesity agent that regulates fatty acid metabolism in C57BL/6J-ob/ob mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School of Education, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, 336-745, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Mi-Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D045784:Abietanes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009929:Organ Size; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013230:Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D045784:Abietanes; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; C493320:Fabp1 protein, mouse; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D010936:Plant Extracts; C490333:Scd1 protein, mouse; D013230:Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases; C018381:salvin
keywords: Rosmarinus officinalis; carnosic acid; fatty acid; glucose tolerance; obesity