title: Effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on the expression of toll-like receptor 3, 4 and their signalling transduction factors in the NG108-15 murine neuroglial cell line.
abstract: As one of the most important components of Panax ginseng, ginsenoside Rg1 has certain anti-aging effects, improving the activity of learning and memory. Studies have showed that ginsenoside Rg1 improves the memory impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 were investigated through the activity of toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, TLR4 and their signaling transduction pathways in amyloid β peptide 25-35 (Aβ25-35) induced AD cell model. Thus we investigated several critical components of the TLR pathway. The neuroglial cell line NG108-15 was stimulated with or without Aβ25-35, while different concentrations of ginsenoside Rg1 were administered. After 24 h, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-β (IFN-β) in cell supernatant and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in cell lysate supernatant were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The mRNA and protein expression of TLR3, TLR4, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) were detected by real-time PCR and western blot methods, respectively. The experimental results showed that Aβ25-35 could markedly raise the level of TNF-α, IFN-β and iNOS, and increase the expressions of mRNA and TLR3, TLR4, NF-κB and TRAF-6 protein in the NG108-15 cells. At the same time, the ginsenoside Rg1 significantly reduced the expressions of proteins and mRNA of TLR3, TLR4, NF-κB and TRAF-6, and down-regulated the levels of TNF-α, IFN-β of cell supernatant and iNOS of cell lysate supernatant in a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, ginsenoside Rg1 has good activity for suppressing the signaling transduction pathway of TLR3 and TLR4, and decreasing the inflammation factors induced by Aβ25-35 in NG108-15 cells, and this may be the mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 action in AD treatment, but more studies are needed to identify its specificity.
authors.affiliation: Center of Scientific Experiment, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China. zhaobs1973@163.com.
authors.forename: Bao-Sheng
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China. netug@126.com.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Center of Scientific Experiment, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China. gaoxiaoyan0913@sina.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China. zhaihq@bucm.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hua-Qiang
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. guojy@psych.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Jian-You
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China. wxyph.d@163.com.
authors.forename: Xue-Yong
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D007372:Interferons / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000633:toxicity; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D036145:Ginsenosides; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C519703:TLR3 protein, mouse; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C074636:amyloid beta-protein (25-35); D007372:Interferons; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C035054:ginsenoside Rg1