title: Socioeconomic and lifestyle factors and melanoma: a systematic review.
abstract: Evidence of social determinants of disease and awareness of the impact of these factors on outcomes continues to increase. Social determinants include both socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. This review examines the interface between socioeconomic status (SES) and lifestyle and their effects on melanoma incidence and mortality. Lifestyle factors including occupation, occupational exposures, body mass index, marital status, smoking, recreational sun exposure and tanning were explored as they have a known relationship with melanoma. A remarkable association of SES with melanoma incidence and prognosis has been acknowledged worldwide. Melanoma incidence is increased in populations of higher SES, especially among the highly educated, while lower SES populations present with later-stage disease at time of diagnosis and display greater mortality. The aforementioned lifestyle factors are also related to SES, and have been shown internationally to affect melanoma incidence and mortality. This comprehensive systematic review suggests that lifestyle factors including occupation, occupational exposure, obesity, recreational sun exposure and tanning may explain the relationship between SES and melanoma.
authors.affiliation: Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, U.S.A.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Rambhatla
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Eide
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D011379:Prognosis; D060728:Reproductive Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055108:Sunbathing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal