title: Longitudinal vaginal septa with associated uterine anomalies: a case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vaginal septa and associated mullerian anomalies can be difficult to diagnose and manage. This case series intends to educate the readers about the benefits and limitations of radiologic techniques both for the investigation as well as for the surgical management of these cases. It also seeks to inform them about a unique combination of vaginal and uterine anomalies known as Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three cases were discussed, each with a different presentation. All of the cases included obstructed right hemivagina and right renal agenesis. One case was associated with uterine septum and the other 2 cases were associated with uterus didelphys.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The correct diagnosis of associated uterine anomalies in patients presenting with vaginal septa can be challenging. Diagnosis solely based on imaging should be cautioned because of its limitations. Use of ultrasound in the operating room can be a valuable tool.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Strong Memorial Hospital, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY.
authors.forename: Snigdha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alur
authors.forename: Katrina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nicandri
authors.forename: Bala
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bhagavath
mesh_terms: D058489:46, XX Disorders of Sex Development / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D000293:Adolescent; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D004412:Dysmenorrhea / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008595:Menorrhagia / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D009095:Mullerian Ducts / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D014599:Uterus / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D014621:Vagina / Q000002:abnormalities*; D055815:Young Adult