title: 3D interactive model of lumbar spinal structures of anesthetic interest.
abstract: A 3D model of lumbar structures of anesthetic interest was reconstructed from human magnetic resonance (MR) images and embedded in a Portable Document Format (PDF) file, which can be opened by freely available software and used offline. The MR images were analyzed using a specific 3D software platform for biomedical data. Models generated from manually delimited volumes of interest and selected MR images were exported to Virtual Reality Modeling Language format and were presented in a PDF document containing JavaScript-based functions. The 3D file and the corresponding instructions and license files can be downloaded freely at http://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/handle/2445/44844?locale=en. The 3D PDF interactive file includes reconstructions of the L3-L5 vertebrae, intervertebral disks, ligaments, epidural and foraminal fat, dural sac and nerve root cuffs, sensory and motor nerve roots of the cauda equina, and anesthetic approaches (epidural medial, spinal paramedial, and selective nerve root paths); it also includes a predefined sequential educational presentation. Zoom, 360° rotation, selective visualization, and transparency graduation of each structure and clipping functions are available. Familiarization requires no specialized informatics knowledge. The ease with which the document can be used could make it valuable for anatomical and anesthetic teaching and demonstration of patient information.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Surgical NeuroAnatomy, Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prats-Galino
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Reina
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mavar Haramija
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Puigdellivol-Sánchez
authors.forename: Juan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Juanes Méndez
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: De Andrés
mesh_terms: D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008953:Models, Anatomic
keywords: 3D PDF; anatomical reconstruction; epidural fat; lumbosacral region; magnetic resonance imaging; nerve roots