title: The influence of hemostatic agents on dentin and enamel surfaces and dental bonding: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hemostatic agents have been used clinically in dentistry for many years to control bleeding. The authors reviewed scientific publications in which researchers investigated the effects of hemostatic agents on dentin and enamel surfaces and on bonding of adhesive systems and resin cements.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors screened PubMed and Scopus databases for studies in English published from 1980 to 2013. They read the titles and abstracts to identify literature that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The authors included studies in which researchers evaluated the hemostatic action on the dentin and enamel surfaces or its influence on the bond strength of adhesive systems or resin cements. They used cross-referencing to identify more articles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty in vitro studies met the inclusion criteria. Investigators in 12 of these studies evaluated the bond strength to contaminated dentin. Investigators in 10 of these studies reported a significant decrease in bond strength. Those in two studies evaluated the influence of a hemostatic agent on the dental enamel and reported decreases in bond strength. Researchers also reported significant increases in microleakage of self-etching adhesives on contaminated dentin. Scanning electron microscopy revealed partial removal of the smear layer or an etching effect of dentin as a result of the application of hemostatic agents on dentin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adhesive procedures may be affected adversely when performed on dentin and enamel contaminated by hemostatic agents. Hemostatic agents may induce changes in the dentin surface morphology. The results of this review indicate that the bond strength of self-etching adhesive systems is affected more negatively than is that of etch-and-rinse systems. The authors found that a 60-second application of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid followed by a water spray restored the bond strength of a self-etching adhesive to dentin; use of phosphoric acid for 15 seconds followed by a water spray also was an effective cleaning method. Direct comparison of selected studies was not possible, however, mainly because of methodological differences hampering definitive conclusions.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Bernades is a graduate student, Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karina de Oliveira
authors.initials: Kde O
authors.lastname: Bernades
authors.affiliation: Dr. Hilgert is a professor, Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leandro Augusto
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hilgert
authors.affiliation: Dr. Ribeiro is a professor, Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula Dias
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Dr. Garcia is a professor, Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Cristina Pimentel
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Dr. Pereira is a professor, Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP: 70910-900, Brazil, e-mail patriciap@unb.br. Address correspondence to Dr. Pereira.
authors.forename: Patrícia Nóbrega Rodrigues
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Pereira
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D006490:Hemostatics
keywords: Bonding agents; adhesives; aluminum chloride; cementation; dental adhesives; dental bonding; hemostasis