title: Aflatoxin B₁ degradation by a Pseudomonas strain.
abstract: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), one of the most potent naturally occurring mutagens and carcinogens, causes significant threats to the food industry and animal production. In this study, 25 bacteria isolates were collected from grain kernels and soils displaying AFB1 reduction activity. Based on its degradation effectiveness, isolate N17-1 was selected for further characterization and identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa N17-1 could degrade AFB₁, AFB₂ and AFM₁ by 82.8%, 46.8% and 31.9% after incubation in Nutrient Broth (NB) medium at 37 °C for 72 h, respectively. The culture supernatant of isolate N17-1 degraded AFB₁ effectively, whereas the viable cells and intra cell extracts were far less effective. Factors influencing AFB1 degradation by the culture supernatant were investigated. Maximum degradation was observed at 55 °C. Ions Mn²⁺ and Cu²⁺ were activators for AFB1 degradation, however, ions Mg²⁺, Li⁺, Zn²⁺, Se²⁺, Fe³⁺ were strong inhibitors. Treatments with proteinase K and proteinase K plus SDS significantly reduced the degradation activity of the culture supernatant. No degradation products were observed based on preliminary LC-QTOF/MS analysis, indicating AFB₁ was metabolized to degradation products with chemical properties different from that of AFB₁. The results indicated that the degradation of AFB₁ by P. aeruginosa N17-1 was enzymatic and could have a great potential in industrial applications. This is the first report indicating that the isolate of P. aeruginosa possesses the ability to degrade aflatoxin.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. lancin.sangar@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Lancine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sangare
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. zhaoyueju@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Yueju
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. yelodieminnie@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Yawa Minnie Elodie
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Folly
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. cjh2975@sina.com.
authors.forename: Jinghua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. lijinhan1990@163.com.
authors.forename: Jinhan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. sjonnim@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jonathan Nimal
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Selvaraj
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. xingfuguo@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Fuguo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. zhoulu@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. awangyan@126.com.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. liuyang01@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003470:Culture Media; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D012275:Oryza / Q000382:microbiology; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D003313:Zea mays / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D016604:Aflatoxin B1