title: Root architecture responses: in search of phosphate.
abstract: Soil phosphate represents the only source of phosphorus for plants and, consequently, is its entry into the trophic chain. This major component of nucleic acids, phospholipids, and energy currency of the cell (ATP) can limit plant growth because of its low mobility in soil. As a result, root responses to low phosphate favor the exploration of the shallower part of the soil, where phosphate tends to be more abundant, a strategy described as topsoil foraging. We will review the diverse developmental strategies that can be observed among plants by detailing the effect of phosphate deficiency on primary and lateral roots. We also discuss the formation of cluster roots: an advanced adaptive strategy to cope with low phosphate availability observed in a limited number of species. Finally, we will put this work into perspective for future research directions.
authors.affiliation: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologies, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);School of Plant Biology M084 (R.J., O.B.) andAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (O.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; andDevelopment of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan (S.K.) benjamin.peret@cea.fr.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1336-0796
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Péret
authors.affiliation: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologies, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);School of Plant Biology M084 (R.J., O.B.) andAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (O.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; andDevelopment of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan (S.K.).
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6585-1362
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Desnos
authors.affiliation: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologies, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);School of Plant Biology M084 (R.J., O.B.) andAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (O.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; andDevelopment of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan (S.K.).
authors.forename: Ricarda
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3819-6358
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jost
authors.affiliation: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologies, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);School of Plant Biology M084 (R.J., O.B.) andAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (O.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; andDevelopment of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan (S.K.).
authors.forename: Satomi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanno
authors.affiliation: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologies, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);School of Plant Biology M084 (R.J., O.B.) andAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (O.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; andDevelopment of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan (S.K.).
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7671-6983
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Berkowitz
authors.affiliation: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologies, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);School of Plant Biology M084 (R.J., O.B.) andAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (O.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; andDevelopment of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan (S.K.).
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nussaume
mesh_terms: D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism*; D063245:Plant Development; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D012987:Soil; D010758:Phosphorus