title: Anti-TNF inhibits the airways neutrophilic inflammation induced by inhaled endotoxin in human.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inhaled endotoxin induces airways'neutrophilia, in human. TNF-a being a key cytokine in the response to endotoxin, the effect of anti-TNF on the endotoxin-induced neutrophilic response was evaluated among healthy volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among a population of 30 healthy subjects, an induced-sputum was collected 2 weeks before, and 24 hours after an inhalation of 20 mcg endotoxin (E. coli 026:B6). Then, the subjects were randomized into 3 parallel groups treated with control, oral methylprednisolone 20 mg/day during 7 days or anti-TNF (adalimumab, Humira®, Abbott) 40 mg s.c.. One week later, an induced-sputum was sampled, 24 hours after an inhalation of endotoxin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After endotoxin inhalation, the number of total cells, neutrophils and macrophages was significantly increased (p <0.001). Compared to the response to endotoxin among the control group, anti-TNF inhibited the endotoxin-induced neutrophil influx, both in relative (51.3 (±6.4)% versus 26.2 (±5.3)%, p <0.002) and in absolute values (1321 (443-3935) cells/mcL versus 247 (68-906) cells/mcL, p <0.02). The endotoxin-induced neutrophilic response was not significantly modified among the control group and oral corticosteroid group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While oral corticosteroid had no effect, anti-TNF inhibited the neutrophil influx in sputum, induced by inhalation of endotoxin, in human subject. The endotoxin model could be an early predictor of clinical efficacy of novel therapeutics.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02252809 (EudraCT2008-005526-37).
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Allergology and Immunology, CHU Brugmann (Université Libre de Bruxelles - ULB), 4 pl Van Gehuchten, B -1020, Brussels, Belgium. omichel@ulb.ac.be.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: Phong Huy Duc
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Dinh
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Doyen
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Corazza
mesh_terms: D000068879:Adalimumab; D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002452:Cell Count; D004926:Escherichia coli; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D013183:Sputum / Q000166:cytology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000068879:Adalimumab; D008775:Methylprednisolone