title: Production, Structural Elucidation, and In Vitro Antitumor Activity of  Trehalose Lipid Biosurfactant from Nocardia farcinica Strain.
abstract: The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the chemical structure of a biosurfactant produced by Nocardia farcinica strain BN26 isolated from soil, and evaluate its in vitro antitumor activity on a panel of human cancer cell lines. Strain BN26 was found to produce glycolipid biosurfactant on n-hexadecane as the sole carbon source. The biosurfactant was purified using medium-pressure liquid chromatography and characterized as trehalose lipid tetraester (THL) by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Subsequently, the cytotoxic effects of THL on cancer cell lines BV-173, KE-37 (SKW-3), HL-60, HL-60/DOX, and JMSU-1 were evaluated by MTT assay. It was shown that THL exerted concentration-dependent antiproliferative activity against the human tumor cell lines and mediated cell death by the induction of partial oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation. These findings suggest that THL could be of potential to apply in biomedicine as a therapeutic agent.
authors.forename: Nelly
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Christova
authors.forename: Siegmund
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wray
authors.forename: Kaloyan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaloyanov
authors.forename: Spiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Konstantinov
authors.forename: Ivanka
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stoineva
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009615:Nocardia / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014199:Trehalose / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014199:Trehalose