title: All-cause mortality and estimated renal function in type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients: Is there a relationship with the equation used?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated the relationship between serum creatinine (SCr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), evaluated by different formulae, and all-cause mortality (ACM) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) outpatients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This observational cohort study considered 1365 T2DM outpatients, who had been followed up for a period of up to 11 years. eGFR was estimated using several equations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy subjects (5.1%) died after a follow-up of 9.8 ± 3 years. Univariate analysis showed that diagnosis of nephropathy (odds ratio (OR): 2.554, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.616-4.038, p < 0.001) and microvascular complications (OR: 2.281, 95% CI: 1.449-3.593, p < 0.001) were associated with ACM. Receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed that the areas under the curve for ACM were similar using the different eGFR equations. eGFR values were predictors of ACM, and the hazard ratios (HRs) of the different equations for eGFR estimation were similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our cohort of T2DM outpatients, different eGFR equations perform similarly in predicting ACM, whereas SCr did not.
authors.affiliation: Operative Unit of Clinica Medica, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital St. Anna, Ferrara, Italy f.fabbian@ospfe.it.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fabbian
authors.affiliation: Operative Unit of Clinica Medica, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital St. Anna, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Giorgi
authors.affiliation: Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital St. Anna, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monesi
authors.affiliation: Operative Unit of Clinica Medica, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital St. Anna, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pala
authors.affiliation: Operative Unit of Clinica Medica, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital St. Anna, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Ruana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tiseo
authors.affiliation: Operative Unit of Clinica Medica, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital St. Anna, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Misurati
authors.affiliation: Operative Unit of Clinica Medica, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital St. Anna, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Parisi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Volpi
authors.affiliation: Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital St. Anna, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Graziani
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease Prevention Clinics), University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK.
authors.forename: Dimitri P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Mikhailidis
authors.affiliation: Operative Unit of Clinica Medica, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital St. Anna, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manfredini
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D055806:Microvessels / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D011379:Prognosis; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D016019:Survival Analysis
keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; all-cause mortality; equations; glomerular filtration rate; kidney; outpatients