title: Some personal and historical notes on the utility of "deep-etch" electron microscopy for making cell structure/function correlations.
abstract: This brief essay talks up the advantages of metal replicas for electron microscopy and explains why they are still the best way to image frozen cells in the electron microscope. Then it explains our approach to freezing, namely the Van Harreveld trick of "slamming" living cells onto a supercold block of metal sprayed with liquid helium at -269ºC, and further talks up this slamming over the alternative of high-pressure freezing, which is much trickier but enjoys greater favor at the moment. This leads me to bemoan the fact that there are not more young investigators today who want to get their hands on electron microscopes and use our approach to get the most "true to life" views of cells out of them with a minimum of hassle. Finally, it ends with a few perspectives on my own career and concludes that, personally, I'm permanently stuck with the view of the "founding fathers" that cell ultrastructure will ultimately display and explain all of cell function, or as Palade said in his Nobel lecture,electron micrographs are "irresistible and half transparent … their meaning buried under only a few years of work," and "reasonable working hypotheses are already suggested by the ultrastructural organization itself."
authors.affiliation: WPI Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 jheuser@icems.kyoto-u.ac.jp jheuser@wustl.edu.
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Heuser
mesh_terms: D003585:Cell Biology / Q000266:history; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000266:history; D006367:HeLa Cells; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000266:history* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*