title: Fortification of cookies with peanut skins: effects on the composition, polyphenols, antioxidant properties, and sensory quality.
abstract: Food fortification may be carried out to improve the health status of consumers. In this study, peanut skins were added at 1.3, 1.8, and 2.5% to cookies to increase their polyphenol content. Insoluble fiber was increased by up to 52%. In addition, total phenolic content and the corresponding antioxidant capacities also increased as evidenced by increases of epicatechin and procyanidin dimers A and B. In addition, trimers and tetramers of procyanidins were identified only in peanut skin-fortified cookies. Addition of 2.5% peanut skins rendered an increase of up to 30% in the total polyphenols as evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization multistage mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n)). Sensory evaluation results demonstrated that peanut skin-fortified cookies were well accepted, which suggests that the present formulation may lend itself for commercial exploitation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's, NL, Canada A1B 3X9.
authors.forename: Adriano Costa
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: de Camargo
authors.forename: Carolina Maldonado Martins
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.forename: Solange Guidolin
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Canniatti-Brazaca
authors.forename: Fereidoon
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shahidi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D010367:Arachis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005503:Food Additives / Q000737:chemistry*; D005527:Food, Fortified / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013649:Taste; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005503:Food Additives; D059808:Polyphenols
keywords: byproduct; fiber; moisture; polyphenol; proanthocyanidin