title: Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction: common management policies among pediatric ophthalmologists.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study common management policies of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNDLO) among pediatric ophthalmologists.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 21-question survey was sent to members of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus in April 2014. The questions focused on treatment of CNLDO during the first year of life, primary and secondary surgical interventions, surgical techniques, and amblyopia assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred twenty-seven members completed the survey and 121 responses were analyzed after replies of 6 candidates in training were excluded. Eighty-two percent of respondents instructed caregivers to massage the nasolacrimal duct during the first year of life; however, 55% did not perform the Crigler massage in the office. Outpatient probing was done by 17% of pediatric ophthalmologists who took the survey, almost all of whom (95%) have been in practice more than 10 years. Ninety-one percent recommended surgery for CNLDO close to the age of 1 year and 79% performed probing as initial treatment at that age. If treatment is delayed to the age of 2 years, 53% favored silicone tube intubation and/or balloon dacryoplasty. Following failed probing, silicone tube intubation was performed by 51% of practitioners. Ninety-one percent of respondents routinely checked refraction of infants with CNLDO and recommended reexamination even if initial assessment was entirely normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlights the striking lack of consensus among pediatric ophthalmologists in many aspects of management of CNLDO and allows practitioners to compare their practice patterns regarding CNLDO management with those of their peers; however, because it provides only the opinions of a limited group of pediatric ophthalmologists, it does not imply that less common practices are wrong.
authors.forename: Gad
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dotan
authors.forename: Leonard B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D000550:Amblyopia / Q000628:therapy; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003608:Dacryocystorhinostomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007440:Intubation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007767:Lacrimal Duct Obstruction / Q000151:congenital* / Q000628:therapy*; D009301:Nasolacrimal Duct / Q000002:abnormalities*; D009339:Needles; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015607:Stents; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires