title: Time to First Use Among Daily Smokers and Smokeless Tobacco Users.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Time to the first cigarette after waking up in the morning is the most validated measure of dependence among smokers, and its complement is also a good indicator of dependence for smokeless tobacco (ST) users. However, no studies have directly compared these measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a multivariate logistic regression model to compare the time to first use (TTFU) of cigarettes and ST among white men 18+ years of age who were daily users in the 2003 Tobacco Use Supplement of the Current Population Survey. Smokers were classified as light (1-14 cigarettes per day [cpd]), moderate (15-24 cpd), and heavy (25+ cpd) and ST users were classified as former smokers or exclusive users.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in TTFU within 5min between light smokers and exclusive ST users (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.3, CI = 0.95-1.7), but the latter were less likely to use tobacco within 30min (OR = 0.75, CI = 0.62-0.89). ST former smokers were more likely than light smokers to have a TTFU within 5min (OR = 1.5, CI = 1.1-2.0) but not within 30min. Moderate and heavy smokers had significantly higher odds of TTFU within both time points than light smokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to light smokers, the likelihood of TTFU within 5min was similar among exclusive ST users and was slightly higher among ST former smokers, offering some support for the Fagerström-Eissenberg hypothesis that the dependence level of cigarettes is higher than that of ST.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; brad.rodu@louisville.edu.
authors.forename: Brad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rodu
authors.affiliation: James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY;
authors.forename: Nantaporn
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Plurphanswat
authors.affiliation: Smoker's Information Centre, Fagerström Consulting, Vaxholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fagerström
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D062789:Tobacco Products; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless