title: Under-reporting of food intake and body fatness in independent older people: a doubly labelled water study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  there are no accurate methods for the assessment of food intake in older populations, under-reporting of intake being highly prevalent. There is controversy about which dietary assessment method and what person's characteristics are associated with greater under-reporting rates.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  to assess the correlation between under-reporting of energy intake (EI) and different percentages of body fat in independent older people.
  
  
  METHODS
  cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  area assisted by the Family Health Program of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  one hundred volunteers aged 60-70 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  all volunteers had their body composition assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. In second phase, 41 volunteers were evaluated, representing the four quartiles of fat percentage. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured by the doubly labelled water method, and EI was assessed by 24-h recalls and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). TEE and EI values, EI-to-TEE ratios and EI-TEE values were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TEE was 2,220 ± 601 kcal, while the EI was 1,919 ± 602 kcal (24-h recall) and 2,119 ± 670 kcal (FFQ). The proportion of under-reporters was 31 and 40.5%, respectively. Under-reporting was more frequent in subjects with higher percentage of body fat and in females (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  under-reporting was more frequent among older persons with higher percentage of body fat in both methods of assessment of food intake. Older persons follow the same profile of under-reporting as younger adults.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal and Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pfrimer
authors.affiliation: Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vilela
authors.affiliation: Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristina Maria
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Resende
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Baeza
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Scagliusi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo 14048-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Julio Sergio
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Marchini
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal and Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nereida K C
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal and Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Julio Cesar
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Moriguti
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal and Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferriolli
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D050154:Adiposity; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D001938:Brazil; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017666:Deuterium Oxide; D015930:Diet Records; D004435:Eating; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057566:Self Report; D013997:Time Factors; D016482:Urinalysis
chemical_list: D017666:Deuterium Oxide
keywords: food intake; older people; under-reporting