title: Glasgow prognostic score predicts outcome after surgical resection of gallbladder cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Systemic inflammation as evidenced by the Glasgow prognostic score (GPS) predicts cancer-specific survival in various types of cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of GPS in therapeutic outcome after surgical resection of gallbladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 51 patients who underwent surgical resection for gallbladder cancer. For the assessment of systemic inflammatory response using the GPS, patients were classified into three groups: patients with normal albumin (≥3.5 g/dl) and normal C-reactive protein (CRP) (≤1.0 mg/dl) as GPS 0 (n = 38), those with low albumin (<3.5 g/dl) or elevated CRP (>1.0 mg/dl) as GPS 1 (n = 8), and those with low albumin (<3.5 g/dl) and elevated CRP (>1.0 mg/dl) as GPS 2 (n = 5). We retrospectively investigated the relation between patient characteristics including GPS, and disease-free as well as overall survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In disease-free survival, advanced tumor stage based on pathology (p = 0.006), positive lymph node metastasis (p = 0.001), and GPS 1 or 2 (p = 0.006) were independent predictors of cancer recurrence in multivariate analysis. In overall survival, positive lymph node metastasis (p = 0.002) and GPS 1 or 2 (p = 0.032) were independent predictors of poor patient outcome in multivariate analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The GPS in patients with gallbladder cancer is an independent prognostic predictor after surgical resection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan, hs0817@jikei.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiba
authors.forename: Takeyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Misawa
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Yasuro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Futagawa
authors.forename: Kenei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haruki
authors.forename: Ryota
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iwase
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yanaga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000097:blood* / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D002763:Cholecystectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D012709:Serum Albumin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein