title: Pushrim biomechanical changes with progressive increases in slope during motorized treadmill manual wheelchair propulsion in individuals with spinal cord injury.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of five distinct slopes on spatiotemporal and pushrim kinetic measures at the nondominant upper limb during manual wheelchair (MWC) propulsion on a motorized treadmill in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Eighteen participants with SCI propelled their MWC at a self-selected natural speed on a treadmill at different slopes (0, 2.7, 3.6, 4.8, and 7.1 degrees). Spatiotemporal parameters along with total force and tangential components of the force applied to the pushrim, including mechanical effective force, were calculated using an instrumented wheel. The duration of the recovery phase was 54% to 70% faster as the slope increased, whereas the duration of the push phase remained similar. The initial contact angles migrated forward on the pushrim, while the final and total contact angles remained similar as the slope increased. As the slope increased, the mean total force was 93% to 201% higher and the mean tangential component of the force was 96% to 176% higher than propulsion with no slope. Measures were similar for the 2.7 and 3.6 degrees slopes. Overall, the recovery phase became shorter and the forces applied at the pushrim became greater as the slope of the treadmill increased during motorized treadmill MWC propulsion.
authors.affiliation: School of Rehabilitation, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; and Pathokinesiology Laboratory, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Institut de Réadaptation Gingras-Lindsay-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada;
authors.forename: Dany H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Gagnon
authors.forename: Annie-Claude
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Babineau
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Champagne
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Desroches
authors.forename: Rachid
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aissaoui
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005082:Physical Exertion; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae; D013997:Time Factors; D014910:Wheelchairs
keywords: biomechanics; exercise test; paraplegia; quadriplegia; ramps; rehabilitation; spinal cord injuries; task performance and analysis; upper limb; wheelchairs