title: Expression of P16 in high-risk human papillomavirus related lesions of the uterine cervix in a government hospital, Malaysia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide. It is well established that human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is the prime risk factor in the development of cervical cancer. The current screening and diagnostic tests have limitations in identifying the range of lesions caused by HPV. The current study aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of p16 immunohistochemical (IHC) investigation in high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) related lesions of the uterine cervix in Hospital Tuanku Jaafar, Seremban, Malaysia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 75 cases were selected from the records of Pathology services, Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar, Seremban. The samples were collected in three separate groups (n=25 per group) as Carcinoma cervix, Carcinoma in situ and Chronic cervicitis. The demographic data of the patients and the representative paraffin blocks were retrieved from Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar, Seremban. The immunohistochemical staining with p16 and HPV 16 L1 were done on all cases. The staining intensity and density were observed and compared among the three groups of cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunohistochemistry of p16INK4A staining shows nil (0/25) expression in the cervicitis patients, 72% (18/25) in CIN patients and 100% (25/25) in cervical carcinoma. HPV 16 L1 was positive in 100% (25/25) of cervicitis patients, 96% (24/25) of CIN patients and 40% (10/25) of cervical cancers patients. A chi square test was used to analyze the result and the obtained p value was <0.05.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  p16 expression was strongly observed in cervical cancer and minimally observed in cervicitis. Thus indicating p16 immunohistochemistry investigations can aid in diagnosing the different categories of cervical lesions into benign, insitu and malignant.
  The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/13000_2014_202.
authors.forename: Purushotham
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krishnappa
authors.forename: Ibtisam Binti
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Mohamad
authors.forename: Yip Jo
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ankur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barua
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001706:Biopsy; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia; D008875:Middle Aged; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology*; D002575:Uterine Cervicitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16