title: Daytime Sleepiness, Circadian Preference, Caffeine Consumption and Use of Other Stimulants among Thai College Students.
abstract: We conducted this study to evaluate the prevalence of daytime sleepiness and evening chronotype, and to assess the extent to which both are associated with the use of caffeinated stimulants among 3,000 Thai college students. Demographic and behavioral characteristics were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Horne and Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire were used to evaluate prevalence of daytime sleepiness and circadian preference. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between sleep disorders and consumption of caffeinated beverages. Overall, the prevalence of daytime sleepiness was 27.9 % (95% CI: 26.2-29.5%) while the prevalence of evening chronotype was 13% (95% CI: 11.8-14.2%). Students who use energy drinks were more likely to be evening types. For instance, the use of M100/M150 energy drinks was associated with a more than 3-fold increased odds of evening chronotype (OR 3.50; 95% CI 1.90-6.44), while Red Bull users were more than twice as likely to have evening chronotype (OR 2.39; 95% CI 1.02-5.58). Additionally, those who consumed any energy drinks were more likely to be daytime sleepers. For example, Red Bull (OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.08-2.75) or M100/M150 (OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.10-2.11) consumption was associated with increased odds of daytime sleepiness. Our findings emphasize the importance of implementing educational and prevention programs targeted toward improving sleep hygiene and reducing the consumption of energy drinks among young adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Multidisciplinary Health International Research Training Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand ; College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Somrat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lertmaharit
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Vitool
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lohsoonthorn
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
authors.forename: Wipawan C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Pensuksan
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Thanapoom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rattananupong
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Multidisciplinary Health International Research Training Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA ; Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: Mahlet G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Tadesse
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Multidisciplinary Health International Research Training Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Bizu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gelaye
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Multidisciplinary Health International Research Training Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Williams