title: Effect of nucleus accumbens shell infusions of ganaxolone or gaboxadol on ethanol consumption in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Allopregnanolone (ALLO) is an endogenous neuroactive steroid thought to alter the reinforcement value of alcohol (ethanol) due to its actions as a positive modulator of the GABAA receptor (GABAAR). Extrasynaptic GABAARs may be a particularly sensitive target of ethanol and neuroactive steroids. Previous work showed that systemic injections of an ALLO analog, ganaxolone (GAN), or an extrasynaptic GABAAR agonist (gaboxadol; THIP) decreased ethanol intake in male mice with limited access to ethanol.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present studies tested whether activation of GABAARs in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell by GAN or THIP was sufficient to reduce ethanol intake. C57BL/6J male mice had 2-h access to 10 % ethanol (10E) and water, and 10E intake was measured following site-specific infusions of GAN or THIP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Decreases in limited-access 10E consumption were observed following site-specific bilateral infusions of either drug into the NAc shell. Significant changes in intake were absent when the drugs were infused in a region dorsal to the target site (GAN) or into the lateral ventricle (THIP). Locomotor data confirmed that the decreases in intake were not due to a sedative effect of the drugs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate the sufficiency of GABAAR activation by a positive allosteric modulator or an agonist with selectivity for extrasynaptic GABAARs to decrease ethanol consumption in mice. Importantly, more refined GABAAR-active targets that decrease ethanol intake may enhance our understanding and ability to treat alcohol use disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road (L470), Portland, OR, 97239, USA, mjramaker@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marcia J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ramaker
authors.forename: Moriah N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Strong-Kaufman
authors.forename: Matthew M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Tamara J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Finn
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D058785:GABA-A Receptor Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D057967:Infusions, Intraventricular; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011280:Pregnanolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D058785:GABA-A Receptor Agonists; D007555:Isoxazoles; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D000431:Ethanol; C105051:ganaxolone; D011280:Pregnanolone; C015542:gaboxadol