title: Prevalence of urinary incontinence, risk factors and its impact: multivariate analysis from Indonesian nationwide survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to describe the profile of urinary infection (UI) and to analyze its risk factors and impacts.
  
  
  METHODS
  subjects were enrolled consecutively from pediatric, urology, obstetrics and gynecology, and geriatric outpatient clinics at six teaching hospitals in various regions of Indonesia. Those with urinary tract infection and diabetes mellitus were excluded. The UI questionnaire was adapted from the 3 Incontinence Questions (3IQ). Written informed consent was obtained prior to the interview.
  
  
  RESULTS
  about 2765 completed questionnaires were obtained. The overall UI prevalence was 13.0%, which consisted of prevalence of stress UI (4.0%), urgency UI/wet OAB (4.1%), dry OAB (1.6%), mixed UI (1.6%), overflow UI (0.4%), enuresis (0.4%), other UI (0.7%). The prevalence of UI was significantly higher (p<0.001) in geriatric population (22.2%) compared to the adult (12.0%), and pediatric population (6.8%). There was no prevalence difference (p>0.05) between male and female subjects. Enuresis and urgency UI/wet OAB were the most common UI in pediatric population. The prevalence was 2.3% and 2.1% respectively. Urgency UI and stress UI were the two most common type in adult and geriatric population. Both have an equal prevalence of 4.6%. The multivariate analysis showed that the prevalence of UI increased with LUTS (PR 4.22, 95%CI 2.98-5.97), chronic cough (PR 2.08, 95% CI 1.32-3.28), and fecal incontinence (PR 1.85, 95% CI 1.03-3.32). We found that UI impaired family life (25.3%), sexual relationship (13.6%), and job/school performance (23.7%). Frequent toilet use and reducing fluid intake were the two most common behavior changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the prevalence of UI in Indonesia is nearly similar to other Asian countries. It increases with age and is not affected by gender. LUTS, chronic cough, and fecal incontinence may have significant effects on the prevalence. UI seems to impact daily life and behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. Indonesian Prevalence on Incontinence Study Group-Continence Society of Indonesia.
authors.forename: Rochani
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sumardi
authors.forename: Chaidir A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Mochtar
authors.lastname: Junizaf
authors.forename: Budi I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Santoso
authors.forename: Siti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Setiati
authors.forename: Siti A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Nuhonni
authors.forename: Partini P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Trihono
authors.forename: Harrina E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Rahardjo
authors.forename: Firtantyo A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Syahputra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult