title: Biotechnological and biomedical applications of mesenchymal stem cells as a therapeutic system.
abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic, multipotent progenitor cells which reside in bone marrow (BM), support homing of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and self-renewal in the BM. These cells have the potential to differentiate into tissues of mesenchymal origin, such as fibroblasts, adipocytes, cardiomyocytes, and stromal cells. MSCs can express surface molecules like CD13, CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD166, CXCL12 and toll-like receptors (TLRs). Different factors, such as TGF-β, IL-10, IDO, PGE-2, sHLA-G5, HO, and Galectin-3, secreted by MSCs, induce interaction in cell to cell immunomodulatory effects on innate and adaptive cells of the immune system. Furthermore, these cells can stimulate and increase the TH2 and regulatory T-cells through inhibitory effects on the immune system. MSCs originate from the BM and other tissues including the brain, adipose tissue, peripheral blood, cornea, thymus, spleen, fallopian tube, placenta, Wharton's jelly and umbilical cord blood. Many studies have focused on two significant features of MSC therapy: (I) MSCs can modulate T-cell-mediated immunological responses, and (II) systemically administered MSCs home in to sites of ischemia or injury. In this review, we describe the known mechanisms of immunomodulation and homing of MSCs. As a result, this review emphasizes the functional role of MSCs in modulating immune responses, their capability in homing to injured tissue, and their clinical therapeutic potential.
authors.affiliation: a Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.|b Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.
authors.forename: Amirbahman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahimzadeh
authors.affiliation: c Department of Medical Biotechnology , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh Sadat Tabatabaei
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Mirakabad
authors.affiliation: a Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.
authors.forename: Aliakbar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Movassaghpour
authors.affiliation: d Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine , Tabriz , Iran.
authors.forename: Karim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shamsasenjan
authors.affiliation: a Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.
authors.forename: Saber
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kariminekoo
authors.affiliation: e Hematology and Blood Banking Department, Faculty of Medical Science , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Talebi
authors.affiliation: f Department Of Medical Genetic , Zanjan University of Medical Sciences , Zanjan , Iran.
authors.forename: Abolfazl
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shekari
authors.affiliation: g Department of Medical Biotechnology , Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.
authors.forename: Vahideh
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zeighamian
authors.affiliation: g Department of Medical Biotechnology , Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.
authors.forename: Masoud Gandomkar
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ghalhar
authors.affiliation: h Department of Medical Nanotechnology , Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.
authors.forename: Abolfazl
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akbarzadeh
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D056747:Immunomodulation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology
keywords: bone marrow; cells; immune system; immunomodulatory; mesenchymal stem cells