title: Early urinary diversion with ileal conduit and vesicovaginostomy in the treatment of radiation cystitis due to carcinoma cervix: a study from a tertiary care hospital in South India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To study the magnitude of radiation cystitis following radiation therapy for carcinoma cervix, and propose an algorithm to decide on early diversion, with or without vesicovaginostomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women who developed radiation cystitis following radiotherapy for carcinoma cervix from January 1998 to December 2011 were included in this retrospective study. Electronic hospital records were analysed to document the presence of radiation cystitis. All women who developed evidence of radiation-induced cystitis, according to the common toxicity and Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria, were included in the study. We looked at transfusion requirements, number of hospital admissions, quality of life and cost involved. Chi-square tests were done where applicable. SPSS version 16 was used for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 902 patients who received radiation for carcinoma cervix in the 13-year period, 62 (6.87%) developed grade 3/4 cystitis. Twenty-eight of them underwent ileal conduit diversion, with 18 undergoing concomitant vesicovaginostomy. When compared with the patients who did not have diversion, the transfusion requirements, number of hospital admissions and quality of life had a statistically significant difference. Cost analysis of early diversion too showed a marginal benefit with early diversion. The limitation of the study was that it was retrospective in nature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In radiation cystitis, multiple hospital admissions and consequential increase in cost is the norm. In severe disease, early diversion is a prudent, cost-effective approach with good quality of life and early return to normal activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
authors.forename: John Samuel
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Banerji
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
authors.forename: Antony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Devasia
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
authors.forename: Nitin Sudhakar
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Kekre
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
authors.forename: Ninan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chacko
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects* / Q000601:surgery; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003556:Cystitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D003559:Cystostomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D063128:Tertiary Health Care; D064826:Transfusion Medicine / Q000379:methods; D014547:Urinary Diversion / Q000379:methods*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D014621:Vagina / Q000601:surgery
keywords: ileal conduit; radiation cystitis; vesicovaginostomy