title: Mesenchymal stem cells and a vitamin D receptor agonist additively suppress T helper 17 cells and the related inflammatory response in the kidney.
abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) suppress T helper (Th)17 cell differentiation and are being clinically pursued for conditions associated with aberrant Th17 responses. Whether such immunomodulatory effects are enhanced by coadministration of MSCs with other agents is not well known. In the present study, individual and combined effects of MSCs and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonist paricalcitol on Th17 induction were investigated in vitro and in a mouse model of sterile kidney inflammation (unilateral ureteral obstruction). In vitro, MSCs and paricalcitol additively suppressed Th17 differentiation, although only MSCs suppressed expression of Th17-associated transcriptions factors. Combined administration of MSCs and paricalcitol resulted in an early (day 3) reduction of intrarenal CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, CD11b(+)/lymphocyte antigen 6G(+) neutrophils, and inflammatory (lymphocyte antigen 6C(hi)) monocytes as well as reduced transcript for IL-17 compared with untreated animals. Later (day 8), obstructed kidneys of MSC/paricalcitol double-treated mice, but not mice treated with either intervention alone, had reduced tubular injury and interstitial fibrosis as well as lower numbers of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes and an increase in the ratio between M2 (CD206(+)) and M1 (CD206(-)) macrophages compared with control mice. Adjunctive therapy with VDR agonists may enhance the immunosuppressive properties of MSCs in the setting of pathogenic Th17-type immune responses and related inflammatory responses.
authors.affiliation: Regenerative Medicine Institute, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science and College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland;
authors.forename: Michelle M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Duffy
authors.affiliation: Regenerative Medicine Institute, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science and College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland;
authors.forename: Bairbre A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: McNicholas
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science and College of Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland; and.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Monaghan
authors.affiliation: Regenerative Medicine Institute, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science and College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland;
authors.forename: Shirley A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hanley
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science and College of Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland; and.
authors.forename: Jill M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.affiliation: Regenerative Medicine Institute, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science and College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland;
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pindjakova
authors.affiliation: Regenerative Medicine Institute, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science and College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland;
authors.forename: Senthilkumar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alagesan
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science and College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Howard O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Fearnhead
authors.affiliation: Regenerative Medicine Institute, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science and College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; matthew.griffin@nuigalway.ie.
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Griffin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004872:Ergocalciferols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009393:Nephritis / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000187:drug effects; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D004872:Ergocalciferols; C098680:Il17a protein, mouse; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D020381:Interleukin-17; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; C084656:paricalcitol
keywords: T helper 17 cells; inflammation; kidney; mesenchymal stem cells; unilateral ureteral obstruction; vitamin D