title: Primate comparative neuroscience using magnetic resonance imaging: promises and challenges.
abstract: Primate comparative anatomy is an established field that has made rich and substantial contributions to neuroscience. However, the labor-intensive techniques employed mean that most comparisons are often based on a small number of species, which limits the conclusions that can be drawn. In this review we explore how new developments in magnetic resonance imaging have the potential to apply comparative neuroscience to a much wider range of species, allowing it to realize an even greater potential. We discuss (1) new advances in the types of data that can be acquired, (2) novel methods for extracting meaningful measures from such data that can be compared between species, and (3) methods to analyse these measures within a phylogenetic framework. Together these developments will allow researchers to characterize the relationship between different brains, the ecological niche they occupy, and the behavior they produce in more detail than ever before.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford Oxford, UK ; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Rogier B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Mars
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Franz-Xaver
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Neubert
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford Oxford, UK ; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Verhagen
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sallet
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Karla L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Robin I M
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Dunbar
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, Durham University Durham, UK.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Barton
keywords: MRI; connectivity; diffusion MRI; neuroecology; phylogenetics