title: The anticonvulsant actions of carisbamate associate with alterations in astrocyte glutamine metabolism in the lithium-pilocarpine epilepsy model.
abstract: As reported previously, in the lithium-pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), carisbamate (CRS) produces strong neuroprotection, leads to milder absence-like seizures, and prevents behavioral impairments in a subpopulation of rats. To understand the metabolic basis of these effects, here we injected 90 mg/kg CRS or vehicle twice daily for 7 days starting 1 h after status epilepticus (SE) induction in rats. Two months later, we injected [1-13C]glucose and [1,2-13C]acetate followed by head microwave fixation after 15 min.13C incorporation into metabolites was analyzed using13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We found that SE reduced neuronal mitochondrial metabolism in the absence but not in the presence of CRS. Reduction in glutamate level was prevented by CRS and aspartate levels were similar to controls only in rats displaying absence-like seizures after treatment [CRS-absence-like epilepsy (ALE)]. Glutamine levels in CRS-ALE rats were higher compared to controls in hippocampal formation and limbic structures while unchanged in rats displaying motor spontaneous recurrent seizures after treatment (CRS-TLE). Astrocytic mitochondrial metabolism was reduced in CRS-TLE, and either enhanced or unaffected in CRS-ALE rats, which did not affect the transfer of glutamine from astrocytes to neurons. In conclusion, CRS prevents reduction in neuronal mitochondrial metabolism but its effect on astrocytes is likely key in determining outcome of treatment in this model. To understand the metabolic basis of the strong neuroprotection and reduction in seizure severity caused by carisbamate (CRS) in the lithium-pilocarpine (Li-Pilo) model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), we injected CRS for 7 days starting 1 h after status epilepticus and 2 months later [1-13C]glucose and [1,2-13C]acetate.13C Magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis was performed on brain extracts and we found that CRS prevented reduction in neuronal mitochondrial metabolism but its effect on astrocytes was likely key in determining outcome of treatment in this model. ALE = absence like epilepsy; acetyl CoA = acetyl coenzyme A; GS = glutamine synthetase; PAG = phosphate activated glutaminase; PC = pyruvate carboxylase; OAA = oxaloacetate; TCA cycle = tricarboxylic acid cycle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Mussie Ghezu
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Hadera
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, INSERM U 666, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.|Laboratory of Cognitive and Adaptive Neuroscience (LNCA), Faculty of Psychology, UMR 7364, University of Strasbourg-CNRS, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Baptiste
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Faure
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Berggaard
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Tesfaye Wolde
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Tefera
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, INSERM U 666, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nehlig
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sonnewald
keywords: 13C isotope; Carisbamate; NMR spectroscopy; lithium-pilocarpine; neuroprotection; temporal lobe epilepsy