title: Spatial clustering of tuberculosis incidence in the North of Iran.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tuberculosis (TB) poses a serious threat to public health throughout the world but disproportionately afflicts low-income nations. The aim of this study is to identify the high-risk areas in Mazandaran province (northern Iran) in helping the heath programmer for the best intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is an ecological study conducted from 1999 through 2008. The sample included 2444 Tuberculosis (TB) patients. The variables were age, gender, type of disease and residential location, analyzed by descriptive statistical methods and spatial analysis to identify cluster of disease incidence. Geographical information system software applied to map of smooth rate of TB.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 2444 registered patients, 1283 (52.5%) were male. The data showed 61% urban and 96.4% of them with the Iranian nationality. There was insignificant difference between genders, but the main difference was observed between locations that are the incidence rate in the Tonekabon and Behshahr cities were 30% higher than mean incidence rate of Mazandaran province (P-value<0.05). The comprising chance of acquiring infection between urban and rural was 1.46 with confidence interval of 95% (1.35, 1.59).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Geostatistical method showed spatial variability of TB incidence rate in all districts and identifying high-risk area (core areas). The most important core of TB incidence has been noticed in the eastern boundary of Mazandaran in the city of Behshahr which is due to proximity to Golestan Province. The incidence rate of TB in Behshahr city is about two times more than the number observed in Mazandaran province. Lower TB incidence rate has been observed in Golestan province is because there is usually a delay in the diagnosis of the disease especially in the positive smear patients.
authors.forename: Jamshid
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yazdani-Charati
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Siamian
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.. siamian46@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anoushirvan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kazemnejad
authors.forename: Vahedi
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mohammad
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology*