title: Non-Chemical Distant Cellular Interactions as a potential confounder of cell biology experiments.
abstract: Distant cells can communicate with each other through a variety of methods. Two such methods involve electrical and/or chemical mechanisms. Non-chemical, distant cellular interactions may be another method of communication that cells can use to modify the behavior of other cells that are mechanically separated. Moreover, non-chemical, distant cellular interactions may explain some cases of confounding effects in Cell Biology experiments. In this article, we review non-chemical, distant cellular interactions studies to try to shed light on the mechanisms in this highly unconventional field of cell biology. Despite the existence of several theories that try to explain the mechanism of non-chemical, distant cellular interactions, this phenomenon is still speculative. Among candidate mechanisms, electromagnetic waves appear to have the most experimental support. In this brief article, we try to answer a few key questions that may further clarify this mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Digestive Disease Center, Memorial Care Medical Group Costa Mesa, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Ashkan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farhadi
keywords: NCDCI; cell biology; communication; confounding factors; electromagnetic wave; placebo; placebo effect; signal transduction