title: Antitumor activity of kielmeyera coriacea leaf constituents in experimental melanoma, tested in vitro and in vivo in syngeneic mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The antitumor activity of Kielmeyera coriacea (Clusiaceae), a medicinal plant used in the treatment of parasitic, as well as fungal and bacterial infections by the Brazilian Cerrado population, was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A chloroform extract (CE) of K. coriacea was tested in the murine melanoma cell line (B16F10-Nex2) and a panel of human tumor cell lines. Tumor cell migration was determined by the wound-healing assay and the in vivo antitumor activity of CE was investigated in a melanoma cell metastatic model. 1H NMR and GC/MS were used to determine CE chemical composition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that CE exhibited strong cytotoxic activity against murine melanoma cells and a panel of human tumor cell lines in vitro. CE also inhibited growth of B16F10-Nex2 cells at sub lethal concentrations, inducing cell cycle arrest at S phase, and inhibition of tumor cell migration. Most importantly, administration of CE significantly reduced the number of melanoma metastatic nodules in vivo. Chemical analysis of CE indicated the presence of the long chain fatty compounds, 1-eicosanol, 1-docosanol, and 2-nonadecanone as main constituents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that K. coriacea is a promising medicinal plant in cancer therapy exhibiting antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo against different tumor cell lines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Rogério
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alisson Leonardo
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana Hiromi
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Massaoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Girola
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo Alexandre
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline Nogueira
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Rabaça
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camyla Fernandes
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Farias
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Felipe Valença
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences - Laboratory of Herbal Medicines, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP- FLC/Assis), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Natalia Silva
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Matias
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences - Laboratory of Herbal Medicines, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP- FLC/Assis), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana Pereira
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elaine Guadelupe
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Henrique Guilardi
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lago
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Rodolpho
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Travassos
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences - Laboratory of Herbal Medicines, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP- FLC/Assis), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Regildo Márcio Gonçalves
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Silva
keywords: Anti-tumor; Cancer; Cell cycle arrest; Cell migration; Cerrado; Cytotoxic