title: Inflammatory manifestations of HTLV-1 and their therapeutic options.
abstract: Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is one of the most intriguing retroviruses infecting humans. Most commonly, infection remains undetected, since it does not cause obvious harm, yet in 4-9% of patients, this infection can be devastating, causing adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and/or HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). This review concentrates on all inflammatory aspects of HTLV-1 infection: HAM/TSP, HTLV-1 associated uveitis, HTLV-1 associated conjunctivitis, sicca syndrome and interstitial keratitis, HTLV-1 associated Sjögren's syndrome, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease, HTLV-1 associated pulmonary disease, infective dermatitis associated with HTLV-1, HTLV-1 associated inflammatory myositis and HTLV-1 associated arthritis. With the exception of HAM/TSP treatment, studies of these conditions are sparse and even for HAM/TSP, the level of evidence is limited. While control or elimination of infection remains a goal, most therapy beyond symptomatic management is directed at the immune response to HTLV-1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Hull and York Medical School, Center for Immunology and Infection, University of York, YO10 5DD, UK.
authors.forename: Fabiola
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Graham P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jacobson
mesh_terms: D015490:HTLV-I Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007154:Immune System Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D007249:Inflammation; D016399:Lymphoma, T-Cell / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy
keywords: Graves’; HAID; HAM/TSP; HAU; HTLV; Hashimoto; Sjögren’s; arthritis; infective dermatitis; inflammation; keratitis; polymyositis; thyroiditis; uveitis