title: Comparison of in vivo and in vitro digestion on polyphenol composition in lingonberries: potential impact on colonic health.
abstract: The composition of polyphenols in ileal fluid samples obtained from an ileostomy subject after lingonberry intake was compared with lingonberry extracts obtained after simulated in vitro digestion (IVDL) and subsequent faecal fermentation (IVFL). HPLC-PDA-MS/MS analysis confirmed similar patterns of lingonberry (poly)phenolic metabolism after the in vivo and in vitro digestion, with reduced recovery of anthocyanins and a similar pattern of recovery for proanthocyanidins observed for both methods of digestion. On the other hand, the IVFL sample contained none of the original (poly)phenolic components but was enriched in simple aromatic components. Digested and fermented extracts exhibited significant (P < 0.05) anti-genotoxic (Comet assay), anti-mutagenic (Mutation Frequency assay), and anti-invasive (Matrigel Invasion assay) effects in human cell culture models of colorectal cancer at physiologically-relevant doses (0-50 μg/mL gallic acid equivalents). The ileal fluid induced significant anti-genotoxic activity (P < 0.05), but at a higher concentration (200 μg/mL gallic acid equivalents) than the IVDL. Despite extensive structural modification following digestion and fermentation, lingonberry extracts retained their bioactivity in vitro. This reinforces the need for studies to consider the impact of digestion when investigating bioactivity of dietary phytochemicals.
authors.affiliation: Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: Emma M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nitecki
authors.forename: Gema
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pereira-Caro
authors.forename: Gordon J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: McDougall
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rowland
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crozier
authors.forename: Chris I R
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Gill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016587:Antimutagenic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology; D005285:Fermentation; D006801:Humans; D007081:Ileostomy; D007082:Ileum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D029801:Vaccinium vitis-idaea / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols
keywords: (poly)phenol; anti-genotoxic; colorectal cancer; digestion; ileostomy; lingonberry