title: Hypaxial muscle: controversial classification and controversial data?
abstract: Hypaxial muscle is the anatomical term commonly used when referring to all the ventrally located musculature in the body of vertebrates, including muscles of the body wall and the limbs. Yet these muscles had very humble beginnings when vertebrates evolved from their chordate ancestors, and complex anatomical changes and changes in underlying gene regulatory networks occurred. This review summarises the current knowledge and controversies regarding the development and evolution of hypaxial muscles.
authors.affiliation: EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Karl R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Wotton
authors.forename: Frank R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dietrich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D005121:Extremities / Q000254:growth & development*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks / Q000235:genetics; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000254:growth & development / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism*; D014714:Vertebrates / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism