title: Genotypes and oxacillin resistance of Staphylococcus aureus from chicken and chicken meat in Poland.
abstract: The genotypes and oxacillin resistance of 263 Staphylococcus aureus isolates cultured from chicken cloacae (n = 138) and chicken meat (n = 125) was analyzed. Fifteen spa types were determined in the studied S. aureus population. Among 5 staphylococcal protein A gene (spa) types detected in S. aureus from chicken, t002, t3478, and t13620 were the most frequent. Staphylococcus aureus isolates from meat were assigned to 14 spa types. Among them, the genotypes t002, t056, t091, t3478, and t13620 were dominant. Except for 4 chicken S. aureus isolates belonging to CC398, the remaining 134 isolates were clustered into multilocus sequence clonal complex (CC) 5. Most of meat-derived isolates were assigned to CC5, CC7, and CC15, and to the newly described spa-CC12954 complex belonging to CC1. Except for t011 (CC398), all other spa types found among chicken isolates were also present in isolates from meat. Four S. aureus isolated from chicken and one from meat were identified as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) with oxacillin minimum inhibitory concentrations from 16 to 64 μg/mL. All MRSA were assigned to spa types belonging to ST398, and included 4 animal spa t011 SCCmecV isolates and 1 meat-derived spa t899, SCCmecIV isolate. Borderline oxacillin-resistant S. aureus (BORSA) isolates, shown to grow on plates containing 2 to 3 μg/mL of oxacillin, were found within S. aureus isolates from chicken (3 isolates) and from meat (19 isolates). The spa t091 and t084 dominated among BORSA from chicken meat, whereas t548 and t002 were found within animal BORSA. We report for the first time the presence of MRSA in chicken in Poland. We demonstrate that MRSA CC398 could be found in chicken meat indicating potential of introduction of animal-associated genotypes into the food chain. We also report for the first time the possibility of transmission of BORSA isolates from chicken to meat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krupa
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland jaroslaw.bystron@up.wroc.pl.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bystroń
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bania
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Podkowik
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, 30/34 Chełmska 00-725 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Empel
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, 30/34 Chełmska 00-725 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mroczkowska
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005838:Genotype; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology*; D010068:Oxacillin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D010068:Oxacillin
keywords: borderline oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; chicken; methicillin-resistant Staphyloccus aureus; poultry meat; spa types