title: Organized chromophoric assemblies for nonlinear optical materials: towards (sub)wavelength scale architectures.
abstract: Photonic circuits are expected to greatly contribute to the next generation of integrated chips, as electronic integrated circuits become confronted with bottlenecks such as heat generation and bandwidth limitations. One of the main challenges for the state-of-the-art photonic circuits lies in the development of optical materials with high nonlinear optical (NLO) susceptibilities, in particular in the wavelength and subwavelength dimensions which are compatible with on-chip technologies. In this review, the varied approaches to micro-/nanosized NLO materials based on building blocks of bio- and biomimetic molecules, as well as synthetic D-π-A chromophores, have been categorized as supramolecular self-assemblies, molecular scaffolds, and external force directed assemblies. Such molecular and supramolecular NLO materials have intrinsic advantages, such as structural diversities, high NLO susceptibilities, and clear structure-property relationships. These "bottom-up" fabrication approaches are proposed to be combined with the "top-down" techniques such as lithography, etc., to generate multifunctionality by coupling light and matter on the (sub)wavelength scale.
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jialiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Sergey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Semin
authors.forename: Theo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rasing
authors.forename: Alan E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Rowan
mesh_terms: D000682:Amyloid / Q000737:chemistry; D032701:Biomimetics; D004581:Electronics; D004867:Equipment Design; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D056656:Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; D008027:Light; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry; D017785:Photons; D012825:Silicon / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000682:Amyloid; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D010455:Peptides; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D012825:Silicon
keywords: assemblies; chromophores; nonlinear optics; second harmonic generation; subwavelength; two-photon excited fluorescence