title: Mycoplasma Contamination of Cell Cultures: Vesicular Traffic in Bacteria and Control over Infectious Agents.
abstract: Cell cultures are subject to contamination either with cells of other cultures or with microorganisms, including fungi, viruses, and bacteria. Mycoplasma contamination of cell cultures is of particular importance. Since cell cultures are used for the production of vaccines and physiologically active compounds, designing a system for controlling contaminants becomes topical for fundamental science and biotechnological production. The discovery of extracellular membrane vesicles in mycoplasmas makes it necessary to take into consideration the bacterial vesicular traffic in systems designed for controlling infectious agents. The extracellular vesicles of bacteria mediate the traffic of proteins and genes, participate in cell-to-cell interactions, as well as in the pathogenesis and development of resistance to antibiotics. The present review discusses the features of mycoplasmas, their extracellular vesicles, and the interaction between contaminants and eukaryotic cells. Furthermore, it provides an analysis of the problems associated with modern methods of diagnosis and eradication of mycoplasma contamination from cell cultures and prospects for their solution.
authors.affiliation: Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevskogo Str., 2/3, 1420111, Kazan, Russia ; Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Str., 18, 420008, Kazan, Russia.
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Chernov
authors.affiliation: Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevskogo Str., 2/3, 1420111, Kazan, Russia ; Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Str., 18, 420008, Kazan, Russia.
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Chernova
authors.affiliation: National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Vega
authors.affiliation: Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Str., 18, 420008, Kazan, Russia.
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Kolpakov
authors.affiliation: Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevskogo Str., 2/3, 1420111, Kazan, Russia.
authors.forename: O N
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Ilinskaya
keywords: cell cultures; diagnosis and eradication; mycoplasma contamination