title: Urinary calcium excretion in children with monosymptomatic enuresis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Among many factors predisposing to monosymptomatic enuresis (MNE) disturbances in urinary electrolites excretion play an important role. Because of many controversies in this field there is a need to debate the role of hypercalciuria in MNE. The aim of our study was to determine the urinary calcium in children with MNE.
  
  
  METHODS
  The investigation was conducted on 204 children (83 MNE children and 121 reference group). Urinary calcium excretion (in 24-h collection and per kg of body mass), Ca/creatinine ratio, Ca(2+) in urine sample and in 24-h collection of urine were estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypercalciuria in MNE group was diagnosed in 18/83 (21.69%) patients. We found statistically significant differences between children with MNE in Ca(2+) in urine sample and 24-h collection and Ca/creat. ratio. Median urinary calcium excretion (mg/kg/24-h and mmol/24-h) was significantly higher in hypercalciuric enuretic patients. The urinary total calcium (mmol/24-h), urinary bound calcium and urinary calcium concentration (mmol/L) demonstrated a significant positive correlation with height, weight and age in reference group but not in MNE group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary calcium excretion was significantly disturbed and further studies are needed to assess the role of hypercalciuria in the pathogenesis of MNE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Bialystok, 17 Waszyngtona Street, 15-274, Bialystok, Poland. agatakozerska@poczta.onet.pl.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Korzeniecka-Kozerska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Bialystok, 17 Waszyngtona Street, 15-274, Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Porowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Bialystok, 17 Waszyngtona Street, 15-274, Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wasilewska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Bialystok, 17 Waszyngtona Street, 15-274, Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stefanowicz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001835:Body Weight; D002118:Calcium / Q000652:urine*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine*; D004775:Enuresis / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Calcium excretion; Hypercalciuria; Ionized calcium; Monosymptomatic enuresis; Urinary calcium