title: Determination of infective dose of H9N2 Avian Influenza virus in different routes: aerosol, intranasal, and gastrointestinal.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low pathogenic H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) has been spreading worldwide, leading to huge economic losses to poultry husbandry, but few studies were concerned about its aerosol infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study compared the infective doses of H9N2 AIV to chickens by three different routes, aerosol infection, intranasal and gastrointestinal infection, and determination of the results was conducted by detecting virus shedding and seroconversion of chickens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated that chickens were susceptible to H9N2 AIV with a different infection rate which depended on the route of inoculation. H9N2 AIV media aerosol-infective dose (aID₅₀) to chickens was about 491 TCID₅₀, intranasal infection was 398 TCID₅₀, and gastrointestinal infection was 19,952 TCID₅₀.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The infection ability of H9N2 AIV to chickens was related to its way of invading. The respiratory infection ability was about 40 times more effective than gastrointestinal infection, which suggested that urgent attention should be paid to environmental disinfection to block airborne transmission of influenza virus.
authors.affiliation: Zaozhuang Vocational College, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, PR China.
authors.forename: Meiling
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Tongjie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chai
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D004285:Dogs; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000821:virology*; D053127:Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D061985:Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; D009666:Nose / Q000821:virology*; D017201:Virus Shedding
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols