title: The floral transcriptome of Eucalyptus grandis.
abstract: As a step toward functional annotation of genes required for floral initiation and development within the Eucalyptus genome, we used short read sequencing to analyze transcriptomes of floral buds from early and late developmental stages, and compared these with transcriptomes of diverse vegetative tissues, including leaves, roots, and stems. A subset of 4807 genes (13% of protein-coding genes) were differentially expressed between floral buds of either stage and vegetative tissues. A similar proportion of genes were differentially expressed among all tissues. A total of 479 genes were differentially expressed between early and late stages of floral development. Gene function enrichment identified 158 gene ontology classes that were overrepresented in floral tissues, including 'pollen development' and 'aromatic compound biosynthetic process'. At least 40 floral-dominant genes lacked functional annotations and thus may be novel floral transcripts. We analyzed several genes and gene families in depth, including 49 putative biomarkers of floral development, the MADS-box transcription factors, 'S-domain'-receptor-like kinases, and selected gene family members with phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein domains. Expanded MADS-box gene subfamilies in Eucalyptus grandis included SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO 1 (SOC1), SEPALLATA (SEP) and SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) Arabidopsis thaliana homologs. These data provide a rich resource for functional and evolutionary analysis of genes controlling eucalypt floral development, and new tools for breeding and biotechnology.
authors.affiliation: Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
authors.forename: Kelly J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Vining
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnologia, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo (EEL-USP), CP 116, 12602-810, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elisson
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Romanel
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, 7001, TAS, Australia.
authors.forename: Rebecca C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klocko
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Genética Molecular Vegetal (LGMV), Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, CCS 21949900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alves-Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 3529-6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hefer
authors.affiliation: Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.|Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
authors.forename: Vindhya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Amarasinghe
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
authors.forename: Palitha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dharmawardhana
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
authors.forename: Sushma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naithani
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ranik
authors.affiliation: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, 1 Meiring Naude Rd, Pretoria, South Africa.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wesley-Smith
authors.affiliation: Seed Technology Programme, Sappi Forests Shaw Research Center, Howick, 3290, South Africa.
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jaiswal
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Myburg
authors.affiliation: Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
authors.forename: Steven H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Strauss
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D005052:Eucalyptus / Q000235:genetics*; D035264:Flowers / Q000235:genetics*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D063990:Gene Ontology; D017343:Genes, Plant; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010940:Plant Proteins
keywords: Eucalyptus; MADS-box; S-domain receptor-like kinase (SDRLK); floral transcriptome; flowering