title: The combination of nuclear factor kappa B, cyclo-oxygenase-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression predicts poor prognosis in stage II and III colorectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate immunohistochemical expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB), cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the impacts thereof on clinicopathological tumor features and survival in patients with colorectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-six patients with colorectal cancer (stage II or III) were enrolled.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The positive expression rates of NF-κB, COX2, and VEGF were 62.1%, 51.5%, and 63.6%, respectively. Sixteen tumor samples (24.2%) coexpressed all three markers. Coexpression of all three markers correlated with pTNM III, poor histological grade, larger tumor diameter, and elevated carcinoembryonic antigen level. pTNM III and coexpression of all three markers were independent prognostic factors for cancer-specific and disease-free survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of NFκB, COX2, and VEGF expression correlated with advanced pathological features and had a prognostic impact on cancer-specific and disease-free survival. These findings suggest that coexpression of three markers may have a synergistic effect on aggressive tumor biology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Nam Kyu
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Korea CFC Pathology Laboratory, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Kyu
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Korea CFC Pathology Laboratory, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eunah
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea youngwkim@yonsei.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Young Wan
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D002288:Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016328:NF-kappa B; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human
keywords: Colorectum; cyclo-oxygenase-2; neoplasm; nuclear factor kappa B; survival; vascular endothelial growth factor