title: Association between metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes mellitus and oncological outcomes of bladder cancer: a systematic review.
abstract: Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of several metabolic abnormalities, its prevalence is increasing worldwide. To summarize the most recent evidence regarding the relationship between metabolic syndrome, its components and the oncological outcomes in bladder cancer patients, a National Center for Biotechnology Information PubMed search for relevant articles either published or e-published up to March 2014 was carried out by combining the following Patient population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome terms: metabolic syndrome, obesity, body mass index, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, bladder cancer, risk, mortality, cancer specific survival, disease recurrence and progression. Metabolic syndrome is a complex, highly prevalent disorder, and central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension are its main components. Published findings would suggest that metabolic syndrome per se might be associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer in male patients, but it did not seem to confer a risk of worse prognosis. Considering the primary components of metabolic syndrome (hypertension, obesity and dyslipidemia), available data are uncertain, and it is no possible to reach a conclusion yet on either a direct or an indirect association with bladder cancer risk and prognosis. Only with regard to type 2 diabetes mellitus, available data would suggest a potential negative correlation. However, as the evaluation of bladder cancer risk and prognosis in patients with metabolic disorders is certainly complex, further studies are urgently required to better assess the actual role of these metabolic disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; Doctorate Research Program, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cantiello
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cicione
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salonia
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Autorino
authors.forename: Cosimo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Nunzio
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Briganti
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gandaglia
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dell'Oglio
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Capogrosso
authors.forename: Rocco
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Damiano
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*
keywords: bladder cancer; diabetes mellitus; metabolic syndrome; obesity; pathological outcomes