title: Serum γ-glutamyltransferase level is associated with periodontal disease independent of drinking habits in Japanese adults.
abstract: Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is considered a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Periodontal disease is a mild chronic inflammatory disease with systemic effects, and many studies have indicated an association between metabolic syndrome and periodontitis. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between periodontitis and liver biochemical parameters according to alcohol drinking habits through a cross-sectional study based on data from Japanese people in occupational settings. Material and Methods The subjects were 1510 employees (1218 males, 292 females, mean age 50.4 years) who underwent dental and medical checkups in 2012. Associations between the presence of periodontal pockets and serum levels of liver biochemical parameters were assessed. Results Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels were higher in subjects with than without periodontal pockets. Multiple logistic regression analysis (adjusting for age, gender, cigarette smoking, and alcohol drinking habits, and components of metabolic syndrome) with GGT or ALT as the dependent variable revealed that there was a significant association between periodontal pockets and GGT (odds ratio, OR=1.48), but not ALT. Similar associations were observed when an analysis was performed according to the presence or absence of alcohol drinking habits; the OR was higher in subjects without (OR=1.84) than with drinking habits (OR=1.41). Conclusions The presence of periodontal pockets was associated with serum levels of GGT, a liver biochemical parameter, in Japanese adults with no drinking habit, suggesting that periodontal disease is associated with liver function, independent of alcohol ingestion.
authors.affiliation: Dental Health, The Lion Foundation, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toyoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.affiliation: Dental Health, The Lion Foundation, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.affiliation: Dental Health, The Lion Foundation, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Chika
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fujiharu
authors.affiliation: Dental Health, The Lion Foundation, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.affiliation: Health Care Center, Lion Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Misae
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seto
authors.affiliation: Health Care Center, Lion Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Norihide
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishinoue
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawato
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Motohashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maeno
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000201:enzymology*; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase