title: Expression of Heat Shock Proteins and Cytokines in Response to Ethanol Induced Damage in the Small Intestine of ICR Mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ethanol administration causes intestinal epithelial cell damage by increasing intestinal permeability and the translocation of endotoxins from intestinal bacterial flora. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are associated with recovery and protection from cell damage. The aim of the current study was to investigate differences in the expression of HSPs in the small intestine and the biochemical changes attributable to ethanol-induced intestinal damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ethanol (20%) was injected intraperitoneally (2.75 g/kg, 5.5 g/kg, 8.25 g/kg) in ICR mice and the same volume of saline was administered to controls. After 1 hour, the proximal, middle, and distal segments were taken from the small intestine and the degree of damage was analyzed. In each segment, the expression of HSPs was analyzed by western blotting. The expression of inflammatory mediators including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and antioxidant enzyme such as glutathione-S-transferase were compared using real-time polymerase chain reaction assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the control group, HSP70 increased in all segments of small intestine. Additionally, increases in the expression of HSP40 and HSP90 in the distal regions and an increase in HSP32 in the middle regions were observed. After ethanol treatment, greater histological damage was observed in the distal small intestine and significant decreases in HSPs were observed generally. Increased expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, and COX-2 was observed in small intestinal tissues exposed to ethanol-induced damage. However, there was no significant difference in the expression of an antioxidant enzyme.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant differences in the expression of HSPs in different intestinal regions were observed. These differences may have been attributable to the distribution of intestinal bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Wook
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Yang Hoon
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Dae Hee
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Don
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Joon
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Wan Joo
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Joon
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Ryu
keywords: Ethanol; Heat shock protein; Intestine, small