title: An economic model to compare linezolid and vancomycin for the treatment of confirmed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial pneumonia in Germany.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Across Europe, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is considered to be the primary cause of nosocomial pneumonia (NP). In Germany alone, approximately 14,000 cases of MRSA-associated NP occur annually, which may have a significant impact on health care resource use and associated economic costs. The objective of this study was to investigate the economic impact of linezolid compared with that of vancomycin in the treatment of hospitalized patients with MRSA-confirmed NP in the German health care system.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 4-week decision tree model incorporated published data and expert opinion on clinical parameters, resource use, and costs (2012 euros) was constructed. The base case first-line treatment duration for patients with MRSA-confirmed NP was 10 days. Treatment success (survival), failure due to lack of efficacy, serious adverse events, and mortality were possible outcomes that could impact costs. Alternate scenarios were analyzed, such as varying treatment duration (7 or 14 days) or treatment switch due to a serious adverse event/treatment failure (at day 5 or 10).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The model calculated total base case inpatient costs of €15,116 for linezolid and €15,239 for vancomycin. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio favored linezolid (versus vancomycin), with marginally lower costs (by €123) and greater efficacy (+2.7% absolute difference in the proportion of patients successfully treated for MRSA NP). Approximately 85%-87% of the total treatment costs were attributed to hospital stay (primarily in the intensive care unit). Sensitivity analysis yielded similar results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The model results show that linezolid is a cost-effective alternative to vancomycin for MRSA-confirmed NP, largely attributable to the higher clinical response rate of patients treated with linezolid.
authors.affiliation: Health Economic and Outcomes Research, Pharmerit International, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Dipen A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Klinikum Hanau GmbH, Hanau, Germany.
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.affiliation: Health Economic and Outcomes Research, Pharmerit International, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.affiliation: Health Technology Assessment and Outcomes Research, Pfizer, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Bertram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: Anti-infectives, Pfizer, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Petrik
authors.affiliation: Pfizer International Operations, Pfizer France, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Claudie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Charbonneau
keywords: Staphylococcus aureus; cost-effectiveness; linezolid; nosocomial pneumonia; resistant; vancomycin