title: Symmetry for the duration of entropy-consuming intervals.
abstract: We introduce the violation fraction υ as the cumulative fraction of time that a mesoscopic system spends consuming entropy at a single trajectory in phase space. We show that the fluctuations of this quantity are described in terms of a symmetry relation reminiscent of fluctuation theorems, which involve a function Φ, which can be interpreted as an entropy associated with the fluctuations of the violation fraction. The function Φ, when evaluated for arbitrary stochastic realizations of the violation fraction, is odd upon the symmetry transformations that are relevant for the associated stochastic entropy production. This fact leads to a detailed fluctuation theorem for the probability density function of Φ. We study the steady-state limit of this symmetry in the paradigmatic case of a colloidal particle dragged by optical tweezers through an aqueous solution. Finally, we briefly discuss possible applications of our results for the estimation of free-energy differences from single-molecule experiments.
authors.affiliation: Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, 8400 San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
authors.forename: Reinaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: García-García
authors.affiliation: Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, 8400 San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Domínguez
mesh_terms: D003102:Colloids / Q000737:chemistry*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004735:Energy Transfer; D019277:Entropy; D017276:Friction; D008954:Models, Biological; D008956:Models, Chemical; D015233:Models, Statistical; D012212:Rheology / Q000379:methods*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014783:Viscosity; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003102:Colloids; D014867:Water