title: End-of-life pain medication among cancer patients in hospice settings.
abstract: Cancer pain management in a hospice setting was studied in the present article. Drug treatments were studied at five time points: at the time of transfer to hospice, at 2nd day, two weeks, and two months following transfer to hospice care, as well as one day before death.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records of 138 consecutive cancer patients treated in hospice in 2010 were studied regarding the drugs given during their stay. The most common cancer was gastro-intestinal cancer (33%), followed by lung (16%) and breast cancer (11%). Data were collected from patients' records and coded in a validated manner for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median length of stay in hospice was 14 days (range=2-376 days). Upon transfer, 63% of patients were administered regularly-dosed opioids, 76.8% during the second day at hospice, and 89.9% of the patients received opioids one day prior to death. A significant change was observed in the more frequent subcutaneous administration during hospice stay (p<0.0001). Break-through pain was recorded on the second day in hospice by 52 % of patients, and by 76% on the day prior to death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individual patients' needs determined the dose range, but this was not the case for administration route of strong opioids during hospice care.
authors.affiliation: The Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Liisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Koivu
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Tuukka
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pölönen
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Teija
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stormi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland eevsal@utu.fi.
authors.forename: Eeva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salminen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017051:Hospice Care; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D011379:Prognosis; D013727:Terminal Care
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid
keywords: End-of-life care; hospice; opioids; pain