title: Classification of first-episode psychosis: a multi-modal multi-feature approach integrating structural and diffusion imaging.
abstract: Currently, most of the classification studies of psychosis focused on chronic patients and employed single machine learning approaches. To overcome these limitations, we here compare, to our best knowledge for the first time, different classification methods of first-episode psychosis (FEP) using multi-modal imaging data exploited on several cortical and subcortical structures and white matter fiber bundles. 23 FEP patients and 23 age-, gender-, and race-matched healthy participants were included in the study. An innovative multivariate approach based on multiple kernel learning (MKL) methods was implemented on structural MRI and diffusion tensor imaging. MKL provides the best classification performances in comparison with the more widely used support vector machine, enabling the definition of a reliable automatic decisional system based on the integration of multi-modal imaging information. Our results show a discrimination accuracy greater than 90 % between healthy subjects and patients with FEP. Regions with an accuracy greater than 70 % on different imaging sources and measures were middle and superior frontal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, uncinate fascicles, and cingulum. This study shows that multivariate machine learning approaches integrating multi-modal and multisource imaging data can classify FEP patients with high accuracy. Interestingly, specific grey matter structures and white matter bundles reach high classification reliability when using different imaging modalities and indices, potentially outlining a prefronto-limbic network impaired in FEP with particular regard to the right hemisphere.
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peruzzo
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Castellani
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perlini
authors.forename: Marcella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bellani
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Marinelli
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rambaldelli
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lasalvia
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tosato
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: De Santi
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Murino
authors.forename: Mirella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruggeri
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brambilla
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000145:classification* / Q000473:pathology*; D012372:ROC Curve; D060388:Support Vector Machine; D066127:White Matter / Q000473:pathology