title: Virtual Kitchen Test. Assessing frontal lobe functions in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This article is part of the Focus Theme of Methods of Information in Medicine on "New Methodologies for Patients Rehabilitation".
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The ecological validity of paper-and-pencil neuropsychological tests is currently a matter of debate. Arguments in favor of alternatives indicate that paper-and-pencil forms are unable to account for both mental and functional aspects of cognitive functioning.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study we developed a new neuropsychological evaluation test - the Virtual Kitchen Test (VKT) - devised to evaluate frontal brain functioning in cognitively impaired individuals. We designed this test according to the rationale of the Trail Making Test (TMT), in order to capture frontal lobe abilities during a more ecologically valid task.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-nine participants, 25 from a clinical sample of patients diagnosed with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome, plus 24 healthy participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Execution errors and task completion time were significantly higher in the clinical sample. Also, scores on the new VKT showed moderate to high positive correlations with scores on the TMT. Furthermore, the overall discriminant performance of the VKT was high for both of its indicators.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall results support the ability of the VKT to evaluate frontal lobe functions. The best cut-off scores based on this sample are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Pedro Gamito, PhD COPELABS/ULHT, Campo Grande, 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal, E-mail: pedro.gamito@ulusofona.pt.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gamito
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caires
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morais
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saraiva
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sottomayor
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barata
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Picareli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prates
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santos
mesh_terms: D000437:Alcoholism / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012016:Reference Values; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014145:Trail Making Test / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014584:User-Computer Interface
keywords: Frontal functions; alcohol dependence syndrome; cognitive assessment; mHealth