title: Kinesin-14 and kinesin-5 antagonistically regulate microtubule nucleation by γ-TuRC in yeast and human cells.
abstract: Bipolar spindle assembly is a critical control point for initiation of mitosis through nucleation and organization of spindle microtubules and is regulated by kinesin-like proteins. In fission yeast, the kinesin-14 Pkl1 binds the γ-tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC) microtubule-organizing centre at spindle poles and can alter its structure and function. Here we show that kinesin-14 blocks microtubule nucleation in yeast and reveal that this inhibition is countered by the kinesin-5 protein, Cut7. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Cut7 binding to γ-TuRC and the Cut7 BimC domain are both required for inhibition of Pkl1. We also demonstrate that a yeast kinesin-14 peptide blocks microtubule nucleation in two human breast cancer cell lines, suggesting that this mechanism is evolutionarily conserved. In conclusion, using genetic, biochemical and cell biology approaches we uncover antagonistic control of microtubule nucleation at γ-TuRC by two kinesin-like proteins, which may represent an attractive anti-mitotic target for cancer therapies.
authors.affiliation: State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, College of Nanoscale Science, Nanobioscience Constellation, Albany, New York 12203, USA.
authors.forename: Zachary T
authors.initials: ZT
authors.lastname: Olmsted
authors.affiliation: State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, College of Nanoscale Science, Nanobioscience Constellation, Albany, New York 12203, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Colliver
authors.affiliation: State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, College of Nanoscale Science, Nanobioscience Constellation, Albany, New York 12203, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Riehlman
authors.affiliation: State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, College of Nanoscale Science, Nanobioscience Constellation, Albany, New York 12203, USA.
authors.forename: Janet L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Paluh
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D020090:Chromosome Segregation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016547:Kinesins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D022101:Microtubule-Organizing Center / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008870:Microtubules / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012568:Schizosaccharomyces / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D029702:Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D029702:Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins; D014404:Tubulin; D016547:Kinesins