title: Effects of selenium oxyanions on the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium.
abstract: The ability of Phanerochaete chrysosporium to reduce the oxidized forms of selenium, selenate and selenite, and their effects on the growth, substrate consumption rate, and pellet morphology of the fungus were assessed. The effect of different operational parameters (pH, glucose, and selenium concentration) on the response of P. chrysosporium to selenium oxyanions was explored as well. This fungal species showed a high sensitivity to selenium, particularly selenite, which inhibited the fungal growth and substrate consumption when supplied at 10 mg L(-1) in the growth medium, whereas selenate did not have such a strong influence on the fungus. Biological removal of selenite was achieved under semi-acidic conditions (pH 4.5) with about 40 % removal efficiency, whereas less than 10 % selenium removal was achieved for incubations with selenate. P. chrysosporium was found to be a selenium-reducing organism, capable of synthesizing elemental selenium from selenite but not from selenate. Analysis with transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and a 3D reconstruction showed that elemental selenium was produced intracellularly as nanoparticles in the range of 30-400 nm. Furthermore, selenite influenced the pellet morphology of P. chrysosporium by reducing the size of the fungal pellets and inducing their compaction and smoothness.
authors.affiliation: UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA, Delft, The Netherlands, jime_na_es@yahoo.com.mx.
authors.forename: Erika J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Espinosa-Ortiz
authors.forename: Graciela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Gil
authors.forename: Pascal E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Saikaly
authors.forename: Eric D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: van Hullebusch
authors.forename: Piet N L
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Lens
mesh_terms: D000838:Anions / Q000378:metabolism; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D020075:Phanerochaete / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D064586:Selenic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D020887:Selenious Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D012643:Selenium / Q000378:metabolism*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D020887:Selenious Acid; D012643:Selenium; D064586:Selenic Acid; D005947:Glucose