title: Laryngeal sarcoidosis: a case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We undertook a study on a series of laryngeal sarcoidosis (LS), a very rare and often threatening localization to better specify laryngeal manifestations, sarcoidosis clinical expression and long-term follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective case-control study. All LS patients from two French centers were included and compared to sarcoidosis patients without laryngeal localization with two controls for one patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve consecutive LS patients were recruited between 1993 and 2011. LS revealed sarcoidosis in eight cases (67%). The most common symptoms were hoarseness (77%), inspiratory dyspnea (38%) and dysphagia (38%). Epidemiological characterisics were not different. Extrapulmonary localizations were significantly more common in LS patients than in controls (92% vs. 54%, p=0.02), particularly lupus pernio (25% vs. 0%, p=0.03) and nasosinusal involvement (83% vs. 4%, p&lt;0.01) while thoracic involvement was less frequent (58% vs 100%, p &lt; 0.01). Treatment rates were higher in the LS group (92% vs. 58%, p=0.04), and treatment duration was longer (median: 81 vs. 13 months, p=0.04), with frequent long-term treatment (67%, N=8/12). Two patients underwent surgery. One patient needed temporary tracheostomy during the course of the disease; Remission rates were lower in LS patients (9% vs. 58% at 2 years p&lt;0.01). Eventually, there was no death nor definitive tracheotomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LS is a rare condition that is often associated to other loco-regional localizations. LS are often difficult to manage. Survival is good but may require a medico-surgical approach.
authors.affiliation: AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Compétence Maladies pulmonaires rares, Hôpital Tenon, Faculté de Médecine P&M Curie - Université Paris 6, Paris, France; AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Compétence Maladies pulmonaires rares, Hôpital Avicenne ; Université Paris 13, SPC, Bobigny, France. borisduchemann@avc.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Duchemann
authors.forename: Armelle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lavolé
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Naccache
authors.forename: Hilario
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benzakin
authors.forename: Marine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lefevre
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kambouchner
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Périé
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Valeyre
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cadranel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006685:Hoarseness / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007818:Laryngeal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012074:Remission Induction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult