title: Mobile devices and weak ties: a study of vision impairments and workplace access in Bangalore.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore ways in which social and economic interactions are changed by access to mobile telephony.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a mixed-methods study of mobile phone use among 52 urban professionals with vision impairments in Bangalore, India.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interviews and survey results indicated that mobile devices, specifically those with adaptive technology software, play a vital role as multi-purpose devices that enable people with disabilities to navigate economically and socially in an environment where accessibility remains a significant challenge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that mobile devices play a central role in enabling and sustaining weak ties, but also that these weak ties have important gender-specific implications. We found that women have less access to weak ties than men, which impacts women's access to assistive technology (AT). This has potential implications for women's sense of safety and independence, both of which are strongly related to AT access. Implications for Rehabilitation Adaptive technologies increase individuals' ability to keep in contact with casual connections or weak ties through phone calls or social media. Men tend to have stronger access to weak ties than women in India due to cultural impediments to independent access to public spaces. Weak ties are an important source of assistive technology (AT) due to the high rate of resale of used AT, typically through informal networks.
authors.affiliation: School of Information, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , USA and.
authors.forename: Joyojeet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.forename: Meera
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lakshmanan
mesh_terms: D040421:Cell Phone / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D012656:Self-Help Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012737:Sex Factors; D060756:Social Networking; D012944:Social Support; D014505:Urban Population; D019987:Persons with Visual Disabilities; D017132:Workplace
keywords: Assistive technology; India; mixed methods design; mobile technology; vision impairment; weak ties