title: Heat Damage Zones Created by Different Energy Sources Used in the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in a Pig Liver Model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are different types of transurethral prostatic surgeries and the complication profiles are different. This study aims to compare the heat damage zones (HDZ) created by five different technologies in a pig liver model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Monopolar resection, bipolar resection, electrovaporization, and Greenlight™ lasers of 120 and 180 W were used to remove fresh pig liver tissue in a simulated model. Each procedure was repeated in five specimens. Two blocks were selected from each specimen to measure the three deepest HDZ.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean of HDZ was 295, 234, 192, 673, and 567 μm, respectively, for monopolar resection, bipolar resection, electrovaporization, Greenlight laser 120 W, and Greenlight laser 180 W, respectively. The Greenlight laser produced one to three times deeper HDZ than the other energy sources (p=0.000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both 120 and 180 W Greenlight lasers produced deeper HDZ than the other energy sources. Urologists need to be aware of HDZ that cause tissue damage outside the operative field.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital , Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Chi Fai
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital , Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Alexander Chak Lam
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital , Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Chung Ting
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Pun
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital , Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Lap Yin
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: 3 Urology Center, Hong Kong Sanatorium , Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Steve Wai-Hee
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital , Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Wing Hang
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Au
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000601:surgery*; D013552:Swine; D020728:Transurethral Resection of Prostate / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome