title: Establishing a leaf proteome reference map for Ginkgo biloba provides insight into potential ethnobotanical uses.
abstract: Although ginkgo (Maidenhair tree, Ginkgo biloba L.) is an ancient medicinal and ornamental tree, there has not previously been any systematic proteomic study of the leaves. Herein we describe results from the initial study identifying abundant ginkgo leaf proteins and present a gel reference map. Proteins were isolated from fully developed mature leaves in biological triplicate and analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis plus tandem mass spectrometry. Using this approach, we were able to reproducibly quantify 190 abundant protein spots, from which 157 proteins were identified. Most of identified proteins are associated with the energy and protein destination/storage categories. The reference map provides a basis for understanding the accumulation of flavonoids and other phenolic compounds in mature leaves (e.g., identification of chalcone synthase, the first committed enzyme in flavonoid biosynthesis). We additionally detected several proteins of as yet unknown function. These proteins comprise a pool of potential targets that might be useful in nontraditional medical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproduction and Developmental Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences , 950 07 Nitra, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Lubica
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Uvackova
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ondruskova
authors.forename: Maksym
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Danchenko
authors.forename: Ludovit
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Skultety
authors.forename: Ján A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Miernyk
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hrubík
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hajduch
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D020441:Ginkgo biloba / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D010940:Plant Proteins; D020543:Proteome
keywords: 2-DE; Maidenhair tree; king cobra; medicinal tree; ornamental tree; protein map