title: Designing a SCAR molecular marker for monitoring Trichoderma cf. harzianum in experimental communities.
abstract: Several species of the fungal genus Trichoderma establish biological interactions with various micro- and macro-organisms. Some of these interactions are relevant in ecological terms and in biotechnological applications, such as biocontrol, where Trichoderma could be considered as an invasive species that colonizes a recipient community. The success of this invasion depends on multiple factors, which can be assayed using experimental communities as study models. Therefore, the aim of this work is to develop a species-specific sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker to monitor the colonization and growth of T. cf. harzianum when it invades experimental communities. For this study, 16 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers of 10-mer were used to generate polymorphic patterns, one of which generated a band present only in strains of T. cf. harzianum. This band was cloned, sequenced, and five primers of 20-23 mer were designed. Primer pairs 2F2/2R2 and 2F2/2R3 successfully and specifically amplified fragments of 278 and 448 bp from the T. cf. harzianum BpT10a strain DNA, respectively. Both primer pairs were also tested against the DNA from 14 strains of T. cf. harzianum and several strains of different fungal genera as specificity controls. Only the DNA from the strains of T. cf. harzianum was successfully amplified. Moreover, primer pair 2F2/2R2 was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using fungal DNA mixtures and DNA extracted from fungal experimental communities as templates. T. cf. harzianum was detectable even when as few as 100 copies of the SCAR marker were available or even when its population represented only 0.1% of the whole community.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Verdejo
authors.forename: Clarissa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gondim-Porto
authors.forename: Julieta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orlando
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carú
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting / Q000379:methods*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics*; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics*; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique / Q000379:methods*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*; D013045:Species Specificity; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D005819:Genetic Markers
keywords: Experimental fungal communities; Molecular marker; Sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR); Trichoderma cf. harzianum