title: Effect of white wheat bread and white wheat bread added with bioactive compounds on hypercholesterolemic and steatotic mice fed a high-fat diet.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects of white wheat bread and white wheat bread added with a bioactive compound mixture (Cyclanthera pedata, Glycine max, Monascus-fermented red mold rice, Cynara scolymus and Medicago sativa) were examined on hypercholesterolemic and steatotic mice, divided into four groups: control diet (CTR), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet with white wheat bread added with 1.5 g kg(-1) of mixture (HFD+AB) and high-fat diet with white wheat bread (HFD+B).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total serum cholesterol in the HFD+AB and HFD+B groups and hepatic triglycerides in the HFD+AB group decreased compared with the HFD group. Liver histology confirmed lower lipid drop accumulation in the HFD+AB group than in the HFD and HFD+B groups. HFD+AB caused a 7.0-fold increase and a 3.5-fold reduction in CYP7A1 and SREBP-1c gene expression respectively compared with the HFD group. Moreover, the HFD+B group showed a 2.2-, 8.4- and 1.5-fold increase in HMG CoA reductase, CYP7A1 and LDLr gene expression respectively compared with the HFD group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both the white wheat bread and the added white wheat bread induced cholesterol reduction by increasing CYP7A1. Moreover, the added white wheat bread improved steatosis by decreasing SREBP-1c gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Biotecnologia e Biotecnologia Agraria (IBBA), CNR, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pozzo
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Biotecnologia e Biotecnologia Agraria (IBBA), CNR, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pucci
authors.affiliation: Agriproject, Calci, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Guglielmo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Buonamici
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Biotecnologia e Biotecnologia Agraria (IBBA), CNR, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giorgetti
authors.affiliation: Fondazione G. Monasterio, CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Maristella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maltinti
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Biotecnologia e Biotecnologia Agraria (IBBA), CNR, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Longo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001939:Bread; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D032741:Monascus; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: added white wheat bread; hepatic mRNA; hypercholesterolemia; steatosis; white wheat bread