title: Assessment of self-reported sleep disturbance and psychological status in patients with burning mouth syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the quality of sleep of patients with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS) compared with a control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 70 patients with primary BMS and 70 control subjects were enrolled in the study. The severity of pain was evaluated with a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Four validated questionnaires were used to investigate the psychological profile of each patient: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (EES).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Poor sleep quality was present in 67.1% patients with BMS vs. 17.1% in control subjects (P ≤ 0.001). For patients with BMS, total data resulting from the PSQI correlated with results obtained by the EES (P ≤ 0.001), VAS pain (P ≤ 0.001), localization (P = 0.01), HAD-A (P = 0.001) and HAD-D (P = 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that an increase of one point in each depression score (HAD-D) made the chances of PSQI 1.26 times more likely, with a 95% confidence interval (CI = 1.03-1.55).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with primary BMS exhibited significant decreases in sleep quality compared with the control group.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Oral Medicine, Ageing Research Institute, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lopez-Jornet
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Oral Medicine, Ageing Research Institute, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lucero-Berdugo
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Oral Medicine, Ageing Research Institute, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Castillo-Felipe
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Oral Medicine, Ageing Research Institute, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zamora Lavella
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Oral Medicine, Ageing Research Institute, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferrandez-Pujante
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Oral Medicine, Ageing Research Institute, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pons-Fuster
mesh_terms: D002054:Burning Mouth Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D057566:Self Report; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires