title: Sevoflurane post-conditioning protects isolated rat hearts against ischemia-reperfusion injury via activation of the ERK1/2 pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) in sevoflurane post-conditioning induced cardioprotection in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 30 min ischemia followed by 120 min reperfusion (I/R). Sevoflurane post-conditioning was carried out by administration of O2-enriched gas mixture with 3% sevoflurane (SEVO) for 15 min from the onset of reperfusion. Cardiac functions, myocardial infarct size, myocardial ATP and NAD(+) contents, mitochondrial ultrastructure, and anti-apototic and anti-oncosis protein levels were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sevoflurane post-conditioning significantly improved the heart function, decreased infarct size and mitochondria damage, and increased myocardial ATP and NAD(+) content in the I/R hearts. Furthermore, sevoflurane post-conditioning significantly increased the levels of p-ERK and p-p70S6K, decreased the levels of porimin, caspase-8, cleaved caspase-3, and cytosolic cytochrome c in the I/R hearts. Co-administration of the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 (20 μmol/L) abolished the sevoflurane-induced protective effects against myocardial I/R.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sevoflurane post-conditioning protects isolated rat hearts against myocardial I/R injury and inhibits cell oncosis and apoptosis via activation of the ERK1/2 pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
authors.forename: Li-xin
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rebecchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China.
authors.forename: Su-mei
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China [2] Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism; D010477:Perfusion; D010766:Phosphorylation; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D013997:Time Factors; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D009243:NAD; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; C535149:Mapk1 protein, rat; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3