title: Kinematic gait analysis of the canine thoracic limb using a six degrees of freedom marker set. Study in normal Labrador Retrievers and Labrador Retrievers with medial coronoid process disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if the use of a six degrees of freedom marker set would allow new kinematic data of the canine thoracic limbs to be calculated. To identify any significant differences in thoracic limb gait patterns in all planes of motion, between the normal canine population and patients with confirmed medial coronoid disease (MCD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of dogs were selected representing the normal Labrador Retriever population (n = 13) and Labrador Retrievers with confirmed MCD (n = 13). Normal dogs had "normal" hip and elbow radiographic scores in line with the International Elbow Working Group and British Veterinary Association guidelines. Medial coronoid disease was confirmed using arthroscopy after kinematic analysis was performed with a six degrees of freedom marker set.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The diseased elbow was nine degrees more extended between 43%-55% of the gait cycle and 16° more supinated prior, early during and after foot strike. The antebrachium was nine degrees more supinated during foot strike and three degrees more abducted during early stance. None of the other parameters were significantly different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of a six degrees of freedom marker set made it possible for the elbow and antebrachium to be reliably tracked in more than one plane of motion. Significant differences were identified between the normal canine population and those affected by MCD. These data may help elucidate biomechanical factors contributing to aetiopathogenesis of MCD.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caron
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caley
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farrell
authors.affiliation: Prof. Noel Fitzpatrick, Fitzpatrick Referrals Ltd., Halfway lane, Eashing, Godaming, Surrey GU7 2QQ, United Kingdom, Phone: +44 1483 423 761, Fax: +44 1483 527 590, E-mail: NoelF@fitzpatrickreferrals.co.uk.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fitzpatrick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005552:Forelimb / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006811:Humerus / Q000502:physiology; D007794:Lameness, Animal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Canine; dysplasia; elbow; kinematic; three-dimensional