title: Mathematical modeling of Interleukin-35 promoting tumor growth and angiogenesis.
abstract: Interleukin-35 (IL-35), a cytokine from the Interleukin-12 cytokine family, has been considered as an anti-inflammatory cytokine which promotes tumor progression and tumor immune evasion. It has also been demonstrated that IL-35 is secreted by regulatory T cells. Recent mouse experiments have shown that IL-35 produced by cancer cells promotes tumor growth via enhancing myeloid cell accumulation and angiogenesis, and reducing the infiltration of activated CD8[Formula: see text] T cells into tumor microenvironment. In the present paper we develop a mathematical model based on these experimental results. We include in the model an anti-IL-35 drug as treatment. The extended model (with drug) is used to design protocols of anti-IL-35 injections for treatment of cancer. We find that with a fixed total amount of drug, continuous injection has better efficacy than intermittent injections in reducing the tumor load while the treatment is ongoing. We also find that the percentage of tumor reduction under anti-IL-35 treatment improves when the production of IL-35 by cancer is increased.
authors.affiliation: Mathematical Biosciences Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America.
authors.forename: Kang-Ling
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America.
authors.forename: Xue-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Mathematical Biosciences Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America; Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America.
authors.forename: Avner
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Friedman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007378:Interleukins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007378:Interleukins; C569375:interleukin-35, mouse