title: The Antibacterial Effects of Apacaries Gel on Streptococcus mutans: An in vitro Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  New approaches for chemomechanical caries removal require effective materials with antibacterial properties for removal of infected dentin. Apacaries gel is a newly developed material comprised polyphenol from mangosteen extracts and papain mixed in gel preparation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the antibacterial effects of Apacaries gel on Streptococcus mutans in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mangosteen pericarp powder was extracted. The amount of phenolic compounds was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The time-kill kinetics were investigated. Mangosteen extract and papain were mixed with gel base to develop Apacaries gel. The inhibition zone of the Apacaries gel was determined using agar well diffusion methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mangosteen pericarp extract, which contains α-mangostin, was active against S. mutans strain ATCC25175. The time-kill kinetics curve showed that applying 1 mg/ml of mangosteen extract can reduce S. mutans by 50% within approximately 5 seconds; after this reduction, the bacterial count rapidly dropped to 0 within 60 seconds. Using mangosteen extract and papain mixture gel preparation resulted in a larger inhibition zone than using the mangosteen extract gel or papain gel separately.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Apacaries gel can effectively inhibit S. mutans strain ATCC25175. Apacaries is capable of S. mutans inhibition better than both mangosteen extract or papain separately. How to cite this article: Juntavee A, Peerapattana J, Ratanathongkam A, Nualkaew N, Chatchiwiwattana S, Treesuwan P. The Antibacterial Effects of Apacaries Gel on Streptococcus mutans: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2014;7(2):77-81.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
authors.forename: Apa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Juntavee
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen Thailand.
authors.forename: Jomjai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peerapattana
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
authors.forename: Ariya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ratanathongkam
authors.affiliation: Lecturer, Department of Pharmacognosy and Toxicity, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen Thailand.
authors.forename: Nartsajee
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nualkaew
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
authors.forename: Supaporn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chatchiwiwattana
authors.affiliation: Graduate Student, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
authors.forename: Panta
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Treesuwan
keywords: Antibacterials; Apacaries gel; Streptococcus mutans