title: Single- and multiple-set resistance training improves skeletal and respiratory muscle strength in elderly women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aging involves a progressive reduction of respiratory muscle strength as well as muscle strength.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Compare the effects of resistance training volume on the maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), functional performance, and muscle strength in elderly women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty elderly women were randomly assigned to a group performing either single sets (1-SET) or three sets (3-SET) of exercises. The sit-to-stand test, MIP, MEP, and muscle strength were assessed before and after 24 training sessions. Progressive resistance training was performed two times per week for a total of 8-12 repetitions, using the main muscle groups of the upper and lower limbs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main results showed that the participants significantly increased their MEP (P<0.05; 1-SET: 34.6%; 3-SET: 35.8%) and MIP (P<0.05; 1-SET: 13.7%; 3-SET: 11.2%). Both groups also improved in the sit-to-stand test (P<0.05; 1-SET: 10.6%; 3-SET: 17.1%). After 24 training sessions, muscle strength also significantly increased (P<0.0001; 40%-80%) in both groups. An intergroup comparison did not show any statistically significant differences between the groups in any of the parameters analyzed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Single- and multiple-set resistance training programs increased MIP, MEP, muscle strength, and sit-to-stand test performance in elderly women after 24 sessions of training. In conclusion, our results suggested that elderly women who are not in the habit of physical activity may start with single-set resistance training programs as a short-term strategy for the maintenance of health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil ; Center of Research in Intracellular Signaling, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil ; Laboratory of Resistance Exercise and Health, Sports Department, University of Pará State, Belem, Brazil.
authors.forename: Odilon
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Abrahin
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil ; Center of Research in Intracellular Signaling, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil ; Laboratory of Resistance Exercise and Health, Sports Department, University of Pará State, Belem, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rejane P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Resistance Exercise and Health, Sports Department, University of Pará State, Belem, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanderson C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil ; Scientific Sport, Sergipe, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marzo E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Da Silva-Grigoletto
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Resistance Exercise and Health, Sports Department, University of Pará State, Belem, Brazil.
authors.forename: Evitom C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil ; Center of Research in Intracellular Signaling, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anderson C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Marçal
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008176:Lung Volume Measurements; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: elderly; maximum expiratory pressure; maximum inspiratory pressure; resistance exercise