title: Sports injuries in Plus League volleyball players.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although physical activity brings a range of lifelong health benefits, it may also lead to injuries that pose a significant threat to health. It is particularly noticeable in people involved in professional sports where sport-related injuries commonly occur and are associated with intense exercise which aims to improve physical fitness. The article attempts to determine incidence of sports injuries reported by Plus League volleyball players, as well as to identify their most common types and causes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The research project involved 90 Plus League volleyball players aged 18-37 with the average age of 25.11 (SD±5.378). A method of diagnostic survey was applied to collect empirical data by means of questionnaire developed by the authors (researchers). The results were statistically analysed and verified with the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and χ2 test at the significance level (or critical P-value) of P≤0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over 87% of the respondents suffered from at least one sport-related injury. In total, 362 injuries occurred, on average 4.02 injuries per one volleyball player. The most common sports injuries involved ankle or talocrural joint (46 injuries), knee and lower leg muscles (30), interphalangeal articulations of fingers (30) as well as shoulder joint. More than half of the injuries (57%) occurred twice or three times. Volleyball players commonly sustain injuries through contact with an opposing player in competition. Sport-specific injuries may also occur due to exhaustion, lack of rest and undertreated injuries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most common volleyball-related injuries are primarily talocrural joint, hand and shoulder injuries. Common types of injuries that can affect volleyball players include muscles, joints and ligaments injuries, sprains and strains as well as bruises. Most of these injuries are caused by exhaustion, contact with an opposing player during competition and fatigue. The incidence of sport-related injuries seems to be influenced by such factors as somatic features, jumping parameters and the length of professional volleyball career.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, the Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland - elaciesla@poczta.onet.pl.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cieśla
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dutkiewicz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mgłosiek
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nowak-Starz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Markowska
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jasiński
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dudek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D005221:Fatigue / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D054798:Volleyball / Q000293:injuries*; D055815:Young Adult