title: [Ecological risk assessment and its management of Bailongjiang watershed, southern Gansu based on landscape pattern].
abstract: Watershed ecological risk assessment is an important research subject of watershed ecological protection and environmental management. Research on the ecological risk focuses on addressing the influence of human activities and its spatial variation at watershed scale is vital to policy-making to control the impact of human activity and protocols for sustainable economic and societal development. A comprehensive ecological environment index, incorporating a landscape index and an assessment of ecological vulnerability, was put forward to assess the spatio-temporal characteristics of ecological risk of the Bailongjiang watershed, southern Gansu Province, Northwest China. Using ArcGIS and Fragstats software and a land use map of 2010, an ecological risk map was obtained through spatial sampling and disjunctive Kriging interpolation. The results indicated that there were some obvious spatial differences of ecological risk levels in the watershed. The ecological risk level of the north and northwest of the Bailongjiang was higher than that of the western and southern extremities of the watershed. Ecological risk index (ERI) of Wudu and Tanchang was higher than that of Wenxian and Diebu. Some measures for ecological risk management were put forward on the basis of ERI of Bailongjiang watershed. To strengthen the integrated management of human activities and land use in the watershed, to carry out the vegetation restoration and ecological reconstruction, and to reduce the ecological risks and hazards of irrational human disturbance, are vital to the realization 'multiple-win' of the economic, social and ecological protection and for the sustainable development in the hilly area in southern Gansu.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Cai-Xia
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yu-Chu
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Yan-Jing
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000379:methods*; D004463:Ecology / Q000379:methods*; D004777:Environment; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012984:Software; D062206:Spatial Analysis