title: Choroidal thickness in relation to birth parameters in 11- to 12-year-old children: the Copenhagen Child Cohort 2000 Eye Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine choroidal thickness in a population-based child cohort in relation to birth parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Copenhagen Child Cohort 2000 Eye Study examined 1406 children aged 11 to 12 years using enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT), ocular biometry and measurement of height, weight, refraction, and self-reported pubertal development status. Birth parameters were obtained from the Danish Medical Birth Registry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The subfoveal choroid in low birth weight children (<2500 g, n = 51, mean 324 ± 76 μm) was thinner than in normal birth weight children (2500-4500 g, n = 1194, mean 361 ± 78 μm), the difference being -37 (CI95 -60 to -15) μm, P = 0.001 after adjusting for age, sex, height, Tanner stage by sex, axial length, anterior chamber depth, and spherical equivalent refractive error. The subfoveal choroid in high birth weight children (>4500 g, n = 48, mean 351 ± 63 μm) was comparable with normal birth weight children, P = 0.44. The subfoveal choroid was thinner in preterm children, however the difference was not significant (-18 [-37 to 2] μm, P = 0.08). Small for gestation children had thinner subfoveal choroid (-19 [-37 to -1] μm, P = 0.04) compared with appropriate for gestation children. Longer birth length was associated with a thicker subfoveal choroid (2 [1-4] μm/cm, P = 0.005). Macular choroidal thickness at 16 extrafoveal locations was measured in a subset of children and found to have the same associations with birth weight as the subfoveal choroidal thickness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In 11- to 12-year-old children, thinner choroids were associated with lower birth weight, lower birth length, and being small for the gestational age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Glostrup Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Xiao Q
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Center, Capital Region, Department Glostrup, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Munkholm
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Glostrup Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Ophthalmology, Roskilde Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.
authors.forename: Inger C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Munch
mesh_terms: D001699:Biometry; D001724:Birth Weight; D002648:Child; D002829:Choroid / Q000473:pathology*; D003718:Denmark; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D012042:Registries; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods
keywords: birth weight; children choroidal thickness; gestational age; population-based