title: Anti-inflammatory effects of Dendrobium nobile derived phenanthrenes in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages.
abstract: Dendrobium nobile belongs to the Orchidaceae family and is one of the medicinal herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine as a therapeutic agent for gastrointestinal and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we separated three phenanthrenes (ephemeranthol A (EA), 1,5,7-trimethoxyphenanthren-2-ol (TP), dehydroorchinol (DO)) from D. nobile, and compared their anti-inflammatory activities. TP is a new phenanthrene compound and its structure was determined from (1)H, (13)C NMR and HR-ESI-MS data. To analyze the anti-inflammatory activities of the phenanthrenes, Raw 264.7 cells were used, since they are immature-macrophages and easily matured by LPS stimulation. EA and DO showed anti-inflammatory activities in the activated Raw 264.7 cells. That is, we showed that EA is a potent inhibitor of the production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The inhibitory activities of phenanthrenes were found to be caused by blockage of NF-κB activation and the phosphorylation of MAP kinases in the macrophages. These results are expected to serve as a guide for future studies on the ability of phenanthrenes to inhibit acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-Do, 361-763, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Hwa
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Su-Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Sang-Bae
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Golam Mezbah
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Uddin
authors.forename: Chul Young
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae Kwon
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D031667:Dendrobium / Q000737:chemistry*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000187:drug effects; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016207:Cytokines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010616:Phenanthrenes; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases