title: Overlap of proteomics biomarkers between women with pre-eclampsia and PCOS: a systematic review and biomarker database integration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Do any proteomic biomarkers previously identified for pre-eclampsia (PE) overlap with those identified in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Five previously identified proteomic biomarkers were found to be common in women with PE and PCOS when compared with controls.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Various studies have indicated an association between PCOS and PE; however, the pathophysiological mechanisms supporting this association are not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review and update of our PCOS proteomic biomarker database was performed, along with a parallel review of PE biomarkers. The study included papers from 1980 to December 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all the studies analysed, there were a total of 1423 patients and controls. The number of proteomic biomarkers that were catalogued for PE was 192.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five proteomic biomarkers were shown to be differentially expressed in women with PE and PCOS when compared with controls: transferrin, fibrinogen α, β and γ chain variants, kininogen-1, annexin 2 and peroxiredoxin 2. In PE, the biomarkers were identified in serum, plasma and placenta and in PCOS, the biomarkers were identified in serum, follicular fluid, and ovarian and omental biopsies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The techniques employed to detect proteomics have limited ability in identifying proteins that are of low abundance, some of which may have a diagnostic potential. The sample sizes and number of biomarkers identified from these studies do not exclude the risk of false positives, a limitation of all biomarker studies. The biomarkers common to PE and PCOS were identified from proteomic analyses of different tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This data amalgamation of the proteomic studies in PE and in PCOS, for the first time, discovered a panel of five biomarkers for PE which are common to women with PCOS, including transferrin, fibrinogen α, β and γ chain variants, kininogen-1, annexin 2 and peroxiredoxin 2. If validated, these biomarkers could provide a useful framework for the knowledge infrastructure in this area. To accomplish this goal, a well co-ordinated multidisciplinary collaboration of clinicians, basic scientists and mathematicians is vital.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  No financial support was obtained for this project. There are no conflicts of interest.
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Development, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, D Floor, East Block, Nottingham, UK gulafshanahafeez@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Gulafshana Hafeez
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Development, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, D Floor, East Block, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Galazis
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Development, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, D Floor, East Block, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Nikolina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Docheva
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Layfield
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Development, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, D Floor, East Block, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Atiomo
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism*; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011506:Proteins
keywords: biomarker; overlap; polycystic ovarian syndrome; pre-eclampsia; proteomic