title: [Diagnosis and treatment of faciocervical lymphatic malformations in infant].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To discuss the treatment effect of infant lymphatic malformations (LMs) located in the head and neck.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourty-six LMs located in the head and neck between 2009 and 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 26 males and 20 females, aged from 9 months to 4 years, with a median age of 1.8 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phase Isurgical resection was performed in 28 cases. The low concentrations of pingyangmycin was injected in 18 cases, and Phase II surgical resection was performed in 6 cases after 6 months, because of the large tumors and a wide range of invasion. Two post-operative complications were found, one was minor paralyses of mandibular branch of facial nerve, manifestied as mouth askew. Another was injured accessory nerve, manifestied as right upper limb lifting weakness, which improved after rehabilitation treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical treatment is effective to LMs. In order to avoid serious complications, the huge LMs and microcystic LMs may be given local injection of pingyangmycin after puncture fluid, and phase II surgical resection secondly if necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kunming Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital Affiliated Kunming Medical University), Kunming 650228, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kunming Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital Affiliated Kunming Medical University), Kunming 650228, China.
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kunming Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital Affiliated Kunming Medical University), Kunming 650228, China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kunming Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital Affiliated Kunming Medical University), Kunming 650228, China.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kunming Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital Affiliated Kunming Medical University), Kunming 650228, China. Email:zts68420@sina.com.
authors.forename: Tiesong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D001761:Bleomycin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D003560:Cysts; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D006257:Head; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D044148:Lymphatic Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D009055:Mouth; D009333:Neck; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D001761:Bleomycin; C025703:bleomycetin