title: SMARTPHONE-BASED CROSSWALK DETECTION AND LOCALIZATION FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED PEDESTRIANS.
abstract: This paper describes recent work on the "Crosswatch" project [7], which is a computer vision-based smartphone system developed for providing guidance to blind and visually impaired travelers at traffic intersections. A key function of Crosswatch is self-localization - the estimation of the user's location relative to the crosswalks in the current traffic intersection. Such information may be vital to users with low or no vision to ensure that they know which crosswalk they are about to enter, and are properly aligned and positioned relative to the crosswalk. However, while computer vision-based methods have been used [1,9,14] for finding crosswalks and helping blind travelers align themselves to them, these methods assume that the entire crosswalk pattern can be imaged in a single frame of video, which poses a significant challenge for a user who lacks enough vision to know where to point the camera so as to properly frame the crosswalk. In this paper we describe work in progress that tackles the problem of crosswalk detection and self-localization, building on recent work [8] describing techniques enabling blind and visually impaired users to acquire 360° image panoramas while turning in place on a sidewalk. The image panorama is converted to an aerial (overhead) view of the nearby intersection, centered on the location that the user is standing at, so as to facilitate matching with a template of the intersection obtained from Google Maps satellite imagery. The matching process allows crosswalk features to be detected and permits the estimation of the user's precise location relative to the crosswalk of interest. We demonstrate our approach on intersection imagery acquired by blind users, thereby establishing the feasibility of the approach.
authors.affiliation: The Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Vidya N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Murali
authors.affiliation: The Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Coughlan
keywords: Computer vision; blindness; self-localization; traffic intersection; visual impairment