title: Exposure to smoking on patios and quitting: a population representative longitudinal cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Smoke-free policies not only reduce harm to non-smokers, they may also reduce harm to smokers by decreasing the number of cigarettes smoked and increasing the likelihood of a successful quit attempt. However, little is known about the impact of exposure to smoking on patios on smoking behaviour.
  
  
  METHODS
  Smokers from the Ontario Tobacco Survey, a longitudinal population representative cohort of smokers (2005-2011). There were 3460 current smokers who had completed one to six follow-ups and were asked at each follow-up whether or not they had been exposed to smoking on patios in the month.
  
  
  METHODS
  Generalised estimating equations and survival analysis were used to examine the association between exposure to patio smoking and smoking behaviour changes (making a quit attempt and time to relapse after a quit attempt), controlling for potential confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Smokers who were exposed to smoking on patios (adjusted incident rate ratio (aIRR) = 0.89; 95% CI 0.81 to 0.97) or had been to a patio (aIRR = 0.86; 95% CI 0.74 to 0.99) were less likely to have made a quit attempt than smokers who had not visited a patio. Smokers who were exposed to smoking on patios were more likely to relapse (adjusted HR=2.40; 95% CI 1.07 to 5.40)) after making a quit attempt than those who visited a patio but were not exposed to smoking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to smoking on patios of a bar or restaurant is associated with a lower likelihood of success in a quit attempt. Instituting smoke-free patio regulations may help smokers avoid relapse after quitting.
authors.affiliation: Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9589-2122
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chaiton
authors.affiliation: Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Diemert
authors.affiliation: Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.affiliation: Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Joanna E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bondy
authors.affiliation: Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferrence
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
keywords: Cessation; Environment; Secondhand smoke