title: Hippocampal deep brain stimulation reduces glucose utilization in the healthy rat brain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) have been studied primarily by cellular studies, which lack the ability to elucidate DBS-related responses on a whole-brain scale. 2-Deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography ([(18)F]FDG-PET) reflects changes in neural activity throughout the entire brain volume. The aim of this study was to investigate the whole-brain effect of DBS on the glucose utilization in healthy rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven rats were implanted with a DBS electrode in the right hippocampus and injected with [(18)F]FDG to measure the glucose metabolism during DBS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis reveals significant DBS-induced decreases in the glucose metabolism in the bilateral hippocampus and other limbic structures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that DBS exhibits not only a local effect around the electrode tip but also in other limbic regions. [(18)F]FDG-PET studies have the potential to provide better insight into the mechanism of action of DBS by simultaneously observing activity at multiple sites in the brain.
authors.affiliation: Medical Image and Signal Processing Group, Medical IT Department, Ghent University-iMinds, Ghent, Belgium, Nathalie.VanDenBerge@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Van Den Berge
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Keereman
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vanhove
authors.forename: Bregt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Van Nieuwenhuyse
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Mierlo
authors.forename: Robrecht
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raedt
authors.forename: Kristl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vonck
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boon
authors.forename: Roel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Van Holen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004566:Electrodes; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000737:chemistry; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D008032:Limbic System / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D059906:Neuroimaging; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005947:Glucose