title: On the differentiation between trait and state food craving: Half-year retest-reliability of the Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait-reduced (FCQ-T-r) and the Food Cravings Questionnaire-State (FCQ-S).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Food craving refers to an intense desire to consume a specific food. The Food Cravings Questionnaires (FCQs) assess food cravings on a trait and a state level.
  
  
  METHODS
  The current study examined half-year retest-reliability of the Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait-reduced (FCQ-T-r) and the Food Cravings Questionnaire-State (FCQ-S) and reports associations with current food deprivation in female students.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The FCQ-T-r had higher retest-reliability (r tt = .74) than the FCQ-S (r tt = .39). Although trait food craving was correlated with state food craving, it was unaffected by current food deprivation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although state and trait food craving are interdependent, the FCQs are able to differentiate between the two. As scores of the FCQ-T-r represent a stable trait, but are also sensitive to changes in eating behavior, they may be useful for the investigation of the course of eating disorders and obesity.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany ; Hospital for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, LWL University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hamm, Germany.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meule
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Carina Beck
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Teran
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jasmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berker
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Tilman
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gründel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mayerhofer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Platte
keywords: Food Cravings Questionnaires; Food craving; Retest-reliability; University students