title: RAGE is essential for oncogenic KRAS-mediated hypoxic signaling in pancreatic cancer.
abstract: A hypoxic tumor microenvironment is characteristic of many cancer types, including one of the most lethal, pancreatic cancer. We recently demonstrated that the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has an important role in promoting the development of pancreatic cancer and attenuating the response to chemotherapy. We now demonstrate that binding of RAGE to oncogenic KRAS facilitates hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1)α activation and promotes pancreatic tumor growth under hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia induces NF-κB-dependent and HIF1α-independent RAGE expression in pancreatic tumor cells. Moreover, the interaction between RAGE and mutant KRAS increases under hypoxia, which in turn sustains KRAS signaling pathways (RAF-MEK-ERK and PI3K-AKT), facilitating stabilization and transcriptional activity of HIF1α. Knock down of RAGE in vitro inhibits KRAS signaling, promotes HIF1α degradation, and increases hypoxia-induced pancreatic tumor cell death. RAGE-deficient mice have impaired oncogenic KRAS-driven pancreatic tumor growth with significant downregulation of the HIF1α signaling pathway. Our results provide a novel mechanistic link between NF-κB, KRAS, and HIF1α, three potent molecular pathways in the cellular response to hypoxia during pancreatic tumor development and suggest alternatives for preventive and therapeutic strategies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Bartlett
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Lotze
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Zeh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008954:Models, Biological; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009857:Oncogenes; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D055550:Protein Stability; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000378:metabolism*; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; C117307:KRAS protein, human; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C495971:Hras protein, mouse; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D018631:ras Proteins