title: Incidence of symptomatic pulmonary embolism in spinal surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a serious condition in orthopedic surgery. The incidence of PE, which is a sequelae of VTE in spinal surgery, is quite low. In the limited available published data, incidence rates of PE in spinal surgery are comparable to that of hip or knee arthroplasty surgery. The role of pharmacologic thomboprophylaxis remains controversial in spinal surgery.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was designed to evaluate the incidence of symptomatic pulmonary embolism in spinal surgery at a single tertiary care institute.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study of the medical records of patients that were diagnosed with symptomatic pulmonary embolism in spinal surgery from 2002-2012. The reviewed data were retrieved from the database of the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University in Bangkok, Thailand.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three cases of symptomatic pulmonary embolism were found from 9,184 spinal surgery cases. The incidence rate was 0.033%. There were two patients with lumbar spine surgery and one case with thoracolumnbar surgery. All three cases had different underlying conditions, operations, and clinical course. One case of fatal pulmonary embolism was found in our study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there is a very low incidence of symptomatic pulmonary embolism, this is a catastrophic condition for affected patients and their families. PE can occur in spinal surgery cases at all levels of severity and complexity, even with no apparent risk factors.
authors.forename: Chatupon
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chotigavanichaya
authors.forename: Monchai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruangchainikom
authors.forename: Choompon
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Piyavanno
authors.forename: Ekkapoj
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Korwutthikulrangsri
authors.forename: Sirichai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wilartratsami
authors.forename: Surin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thanapipatsiri
authors.forename: Areesak
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chotivichit
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013131:Spine / Q000601:surgery*; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology