title: How toxic is coal ash? A laboratory toxicity case study.
abstract: Under a consent agreement among the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and proponents both for and against stricter regulation, EPA is to issue a new coal ash disposal rule by the end of 2014. Laboratory toxicity investigations often yield conservative estimates of toxicity because many standard test species are more sensitive than resident species, thus could provide information useful to the rule-making. However, few laboratory studies of coal ash toxicity are available; most studies reported in the literature are based solely on field investigations. This brief communication describes a broad range of toxicity studies conducted for the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Kingston ash spill, results of which help provide additional perspective on the toxicity of coal ash.
authors.affiliation: Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Rick M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Sherrard
authors.forename: Neil E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Carriker
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Greeley
mesh_terms: D033304:Amphipoda / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D055884:Chemical Hazard Release; D002683:Chironomidae / Q000187:drug effects; D033361:Cladocera / Q000187:drug effects; D060729:Coal Ash / Q000633:toxicity*; D049874:Corbicula / Q000187:drug effects; D003531:Cypriniformes; D019015:Geologic Sediments; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects; D045483:Rivers; D013714:Tennessee; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D049876:Unionidae / Q000187:drug effects; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D060729:Coal Ash; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Coal combustion residuals; Kingston ash spill; Toxicity testing