title: Raman spectroscopy analysis of lipid droplets content, distribution and saturation level in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in mice.
abstract: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disorder, characterized by an excessive lipids deposition within the hepatic tissue. Due to the lack of clear-cut symptoms and optimal diagnostic method, the actual prevalence of NAFLD and its pathogenesis remains unclear, especially in the early stages of progression. In the presented work confocal Raman microspectroscopy was used to investigate alterations in the chemical composition of the NAFLD-affected liver. We have investigated two NAFLD models, representative for macrovesicular and microvesicular steatosis, induced by High Fat Diet (60 kcal %) and Low Carbohydrate High Protein Diet (LCHP), respectively. In both models we confirmed the development of NAFLD, manifested by the presence of lipid droplets (LDs), but of different sizes. Model of macrovesicular steatosis was characterized by large LDs, whereas in the microvesicular steatosis model small droplets were found. In both models, however, we observed a significant decrease in the degree of unsaturation of lipids, in comparison to the control. In addition, for both models, the impact of medical treatment with selected drugs (perindopril and nicotinic acid, respectively) was tested, indicating a significant influence of medicine not only on the occurrence and size of the droplets, but also on their composition. In both cases the drug treatment resulted in an increase of the degree of unsaturation of lipids forming droplets. Confocal Raman microspectroscopy was proven to be a powerful tool providing detailed insight into selected areas of hepatic tissue, following the NAFLD pathogenesis and diagnostic potential of the applied drugs.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.|Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Kamila
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kochan
authors.affiliation: Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Edyta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maslak
authors.affiliation: Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Krafft
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, Agricultural University, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kostogrys
authors.affiliation: Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.|Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chlopicki
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland. baranska@chemia.uj.edu.pl.|Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland. baranska@chemia.uj.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baranska
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000172:deficiency; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D066292:Lipid Droplets / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009525:Niacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology*; D020913:Perindopril / Q000494:pharmacology; D011973:Receptors, LDL / Q000172:deficiency; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D011973:Receptors, LDL; D009525:Niacin; D020913:Perindopril
keywords: KMC; NAFLD; Raman mapping; lipid droplets; liver