title: A systematic microdialysis study of dopamine transmission in the accumbens shell/core and prefrontal cortex after acute antipsychotics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The only systematic in vivo studies comparing antipsychotic (AP) effects on nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell and core dopamine (DA) transmission are voltammetric studies performed in pargyline-pretreated, halothane-anaesthetized rats. Studies in freely moving rats not pretreated with pargyline are not available. This study was intended to fill this gap by the use of in vivo microdialysis in freely moving rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with microdialysis probes in the NAc shell and core and medial prefrontal cortex (PFCX). The next day, rats were administered intravenously with two or three doses of APs, and dialysate DA was monitored in 10-min samples. Some rats were pretreated with pargyline (75 mg/kg i.p.) and after 1 h were given clozapine or risperidone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clozapine, risperidone, quetiapine, raclopride, sulpiride and amisulpride increased DA preferentially in the NAc shell. Such preferential effect on shell DA was not observed after haloperidol, chlorpromazine and olanzapine. In contrast to voltammetric studies, a preferential effect on NAc core DA was not observed after any dose of AP. Pargyline pretreatment did not reduce but actually amplified the preferential effect of clozapine and risperidone on NAc shell DA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Apart from raclopride and olanzapine, the APs with lower extrapyramidal effects could be distinguished from typical APs on the basis of their ability to preferentially stimulate DA transmission in the NAc shell. There was no relationship between stimulation of PFCX DA and atypical APs profile. The differences between this study and voltammetry studies were not attributable to pargyline pretreatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianluigi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tanda
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Valentini
authors.forename: Maria Antonietta
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: De Luca
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Perra
authors.forename: Gian Pietro
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Chiara
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002746:Chlorpromazine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003024:Clozapine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis / Q000379:methods*; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D020891:Raclopride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018967:Risperidone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D020891:Raclopride; D003024:Clozapine; D006220:Haloperidol; D018967:Risperidone; D002746:Chlorpromazine; D004298:Dopamine