title: A study on seasonal variation of skin parameters in Korean males.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The physiological characteristics of the skin are varied greatly, depending on gender, age, region and race, and many dermatologic researches have been performed through various research methods. This study aimed to examine how Korean men's skin conditions were influenced by temperature or humidity changes caused by seasonal rotations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 100 healthy Korean men, age range 20-59 years, participated in the study for both summer and winter. We compared on the characteristics of skin between summer and winter. The skin hydration, skin pH and TEWL were evaluated on the forehead, cheek and forearm. The skin sebum content of the glabella, nasal ala and cheek was measured using Sebumeter(®) (SM810, Courage+Khazaka, Germany). Cutometer(®) (MPA 580 Courage+Khazaka, Germany) the elasticity was measured by on the cheeks, and PRIMOS lite(®) (Phase shift Rapid in vivo Measurement of Skin, GFMesstechnik GmbH, Germany) was used to evaluate wrinkles on crow's feet. Lastly, in addition, the skin pore of the face was measured using the Janus(®) (PSI, Korea) which is a facial analysis system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results were as follows: the comparison of hydration in summer and winter shows significant differences in their forehead, cheeks and forearm. The pH values of the skin surface were generally higher in winter, and significantly different on each site, and the sebum content was higher in summer than in winter. As a result of the pore measurement, the summer showed more pores compared to the winter, and there was a statistically significant difference in skin pores between summer and winter. The sensitivity measured by stinging test increases significantly more in winter than in summer. However, there were no seasonal differences in wrinkles and skin brightness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The skin surface pH, TEWL, sebum content, hydration, elasticity, wrinkles, skin pore and skin sensitivity vary with seasons and body regions in Korean men.
authors.affiliation: Ellead Co., Ltd., 325, Hwangsaeul-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-824, Korea.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Moon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012621:Seasons; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: clinical evaluation; environment; korean men; skin physiological parameters