title: Adipocyte-derived and dedifferentiated fat cells promoting facial nerve regeneration in a rat model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dedifferentiated fat cells, obtained from the ex vivo ceiling culture of mature adipocytes of mammals, have a high proliferative potential and pluripotency. The authors transplanted dedifferentiated fat cells into a nerve defect created in rat facial nerve and evaluated nerve regeneration ability.
  
  
  METHODS
  The buccal branch of the facial nerve of rats was exposed, and a 7-mm nerve defect was created. Green fluorescent protein-positive dedifferentiated fat cells prepared from adipocytes were mixed with type 1 collagen scaffold and infused into a silicone tube, which was then transplanted into the nerve defect in a green fluorescent protein-negative rat (the dedifferentiated fat group). Regenerated nerves were excised at 13 weeks after transplantation and examined histologically and physiologically. The findings were compared with those of autografts and silicone tubes loaded with collagen gel alone (the control group) transplanted similarly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Axon diameter of regenerated nerve increased significantly in the dedifferentiated fat group compared with the control group, whereas no significant difference was found between the dedifferentiated fat and autograft groups. Myelin thickness was found to be largest in the autograft group, followed by the dedifferentiated fat and the control groups, showing significant differences between all pairs of groups. Evaluation of physiologic function of nerves by compound muscle action potential revealed a significantly better result in the dedifferentiated fat group than in the control group. The regenerated nerves in the dedifferentiated fat group had S100 and green fluorescent protein-double-positive Schwann-like supportive cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After being transplanted into a facial nerve defect, dedifferentiated fat cells promoted the maturation of the regenerated nerve.
authors.affiliation: Tokyo and Fujisawa, Japan From the Departments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Global Center of Excellence Program, and the Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University; the Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine; the Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University; and the Department of Functional Morphology, Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Nihon University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsumine
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kazama
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kano
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamato
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000637:transplantation*; D000818:Animals; D054337:Cell Dedifferentiation; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D023421:Models, Animal; D009416:Nerve Regeneration; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley