title: Effects of palm oil tocotrienol-rich fraction on biochemical and morphological alterations of liver in fenitrothion-treated rats.
abstract: Indiscriminate application of organophosphate (OP) pesticides has led to environmental pollution and severe health problems. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of palm oil tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) on biochemical and morphological changes of the liver in rats treated with fenitrothion (FNT), a type of OP pesticide. A total of 28 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups; control group, TRF-supplemented group, FNT-treated group and TRF+FNT group. TRF (200 mg/kg) was supplemented 30 minutes prior to FNT (20 mg/kg) administration, both orally for 28 consecutive days. Following 28 days of treatment, plasma biochemical changes and liver morphology were evaluated. The body and absolute liver weights were significantly elevated in TRF+FNT group compared to FNT group. TRF administration significantly decreased the total protein level and restored the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in TRF + FNT group. In contrast, total bilirubin level, γ-glutamyltranferase (GGT) and cholinesterase activity in TRF + FNT group did not significantly differ from FNT group. Administration of TRF also prevented FNT-induced morphological changes of liver as observed by electron microscope. In conclusion, TRF supplementation showed potential protective effect towards biochemical and ultrastructural changes in liver induced by FNT.
authors.affiliation: Programme of Biomedical Science, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Putri Ayu
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Jayusman
authors.affiliation: Programme of Biomedical Science, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Siti Balkis
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Budin
authors.affiliation: Programme of Biomedical Science, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ahmad Rohi
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Ghazali
authors.affiliation: Programme of Biomedical Science, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Izatus Shima
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Taib
authors.affiliation: Unit of Electron Microscope, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Santhana Raj
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Louis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001669:Biochemical Phenomena; D005278:Fenitrothion / Q000633:toxicity*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D000073878:Palm Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D024508:Tocotrienols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010938:Plant Oils; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D024508:Tocotrienols; D000073878:Palm Oil; D005278:Fenitrothion