title: A suspicious reason for Raynaud's phenomenon: Intrauterine device.
abstract: Primary Raynaud's phenomenon may be insistent in patients under medical therapy, and intrauterine devices may be an unnoticed reason in these patients. Fluctuations in female sex hormone status were reported to be associated with the emergence of primary Raynaud's phenomenon symptoms. The use of intrauterine devices was not reported to be associated with Raynaud's phenomenon previously. Intrauterine device may stimulate vascular hyperactivity regarding hormonal or unknown mechanisms that result in Raynaud's phenomenon. We present a postmenopausal patient who complained of primary Raynaud's phenomenon symptoms and had recovery after the removal of her copper intrauterine device.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Çorum, Turkey ademilkay@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Adem I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Diken
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Çorum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yalçınkaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Çorum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Eray
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aksoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Çorum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Seyhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yılmaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Çorum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kerim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Çağlı
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000502:physiology; D006225:Hand / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007434:Intrauterine Devices / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011928:Raynaud Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones
keywords: Raynaud’s phenomenon; intrauterine device