title: The coexistence of antiphospholipid syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus in Colombians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the prevalence and associated factors related to the coexistence of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a cohort of Colombian patients with SLE, and to discuss the coexistence of APS with other autoimmune diseases (ADs).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 376 patients with SLE were assessed for the presence of the following: 1) confirmed APS; 2) positivity for antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies without a prior thromboembolic nor obstetric event; and 3) SLE patients without APS nor positivity for aPL antibodies. Comparisons between groups 1 and 3 were evaluated by bivariate and multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the prevalence of aPL antibodies was 54%, APS was present in just 9.3% of SLE patients. In our series, besides cardiovascular disease (AOR 3.38, 95% CI 1.11-10.96, p = 0.035), pulmonary involvement (AOR 5.06, 95% CI 1.56-16.74, p = 0.007) and positivity for rheumatoid factor (AOR 4.68, 95%IC 1.63-14.98, p = 0.006) were factors significantly associated with APS-SLE. APS also may coexist with rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, autoimmune thyroid diseases, systemic sclerosis, systemic vasculitis, dermatopolymyositis, primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  APS is a systemic AD that may coexist with other ADs, the most common being SLE. Awareness of this polyautoimmunity should be addressed promptly to establish strategies for controlling modifiable risk factors in those patients.
authors.affiliation: Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia; Mederi, Hospital Universitario Mayor, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Juan-Sebastian
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.affiliation: Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Nicolás
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Molano-González
authors.affiliation: Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Jiménez
authors.affiliation: Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Yeny
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Acosta-Ampudia
authors.affiliation: Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia; Mederi, Hospital Universitario Mayor, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Rubén D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Mantilla
authors.affiliation: Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia; Mederi, Hospital Universitario Mayor, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Amaya-Amaya
authors.affiliation: Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia; Mederi, Hospital Universitario Mayor, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rojas-Villarraga
authors.affiliation: Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia; Mederi, Hospital Universitario Mayor, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Juan-Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Anaya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000276:immunology; D003105:Colombia; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors