title: Racial Disparities in Health Behaviors and Conditions Among Lesbian and Bisexual Women: The Role of Internalized Stigma.
abstract: There are documented disparities in physical health behaviors and conditions, such as physical activity and obesity, with regard to both race/ethnicity and sexual orientation. However, physical health disparities for lesbian and bisexual (LB) women who are also racial minorities are relatively unexplored. Minority stressors, such as internalized stigma, may account for disparities in such multiply marginalized populations. We sought to (1) characterize inequalities among non-Hispanic white and African American LB women and (2) examine the roles of internalized sexism and homophobia in disparities. Data on health behaviors (diet, physical activity); physical health (hypertension, diabetes, overweight/obesity); internalized sexism; and internalized homophobia were collected via a web-based survey. Recruitment ads were sent electronically to over 200 listservs, online groups, and organizations serving the lesbian, gay, and bisexual community in all 50 U.S. states. The analytic sample consisted of 954 white and 75 African American LB women. African American participants were more likely than white participants to report low fruit/vegetable intake and physical activity, a higher body mass index, and a history of diabetes and hypertension. There were no racial differences in internalized homophobia, but African American women reported higher levels of internalized sexism. Internalized sexism partially mediated racial disparities in physical activity and diabetes, but not in the other outcomes. Findings suggest that African American LB women may be at greater risk than their white counterparts for poor health and that internalized sexism may be a mediator of racial differences for certain behaviors and conditions.
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington ; Epidemiology and Biostatistics Division, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois ; Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Yamile
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.affiliation: VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington ; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Keren
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lehavot
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Blair
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Beadnell
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simoni
keywords: bisexual; health disparities; lesbian/gay; physical health; race/ethnicity; women