title: Cardiorespiratory Fitness is a Strong Predictor of the Cardio-ankle Vascular Index in Hypertensive Middle-aged and Elderly Japanese Men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to examine whether cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with arterial stiffening, evaluated using the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), independent of visceral fat (VF) in middle-aged and elderly Japanese men. We also examined whether the relationship between CRF and the CAVI is modified by age and/or hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  The CAVI was determined in 157 Japanese men (age range, 30-79 years), including 96 hypertensive subjects (61.1%). CRF was assessed by measuring the peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). The subjects were divided into low- and high-CRF groups, and the VF area was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The VO2peak correlated with the CAVI following adjustment for age and body mass index in the middle-aged and elderly groups (all the subjects: r=-0.285, p＜0.001; middle-aged: r=-0.240, p=0.040; elderly: r=-0.225, p=0.049). VF also correlated with the CAVI (r=0.230, p=0.004). A multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age (β=0.406, p<0.001) and the VO2peak (β=-0.186, p=0.015) were associated with the CAVI independently of VF and the mean blood pressure. Two way ANCOVA adjusted for age demonstrated that the hypertensive individuals had higher CAVI values than the normotensive individuals in the low-CRF group, whereas no significant differences in the CAVI were observed in the high-CRF group (p for interaction <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the present study, CRF was found to be associated with the CAVI, independent of age and VF, in hypertensive middle-aged and elderly Japanese men.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University.
authors.forename: Kumpei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanisawa
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Xiaomin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ryoko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Satomi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gando
authors.forename: Zhen-Bo
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Shizuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Higuchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000842:Ankle / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D059289:Vascular Stiffness
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers