title: Accumulation of kaempferitrin and expression of phenyl-propanoid biosynthetic genes in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus).
abstract: Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) is cultivated worldwide for its fiber; however, the medicinal properties of this plant are currently attracting increasing attention. In this study, we investigated the expression levels of genes involved in the biosynthesis of kaempferitrin, a compound with many biological functions, in different kenaf organs. We found that phenylalanine ammonia lyase (HcPAL) was more highly expressed in stems than in other organs. Expression levels of cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (HcC4H) and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (Hc4CL) were highest in mature leaves, followed by stems and young leaves, and lowest in roots and mature flowers. The expression of chalcone synthase (HcCHS), chalcone isomerase (HcCHI), and flavone 3-hydroxylase (HcF3H) was highest in young flowers, whereas that of flavone synthase (HcFLS) was highest in leaves. An analysis of kaempferitrin accumulation in the different organs of kenaf revealed that the accumulation of this compound was considerably higher (>10-fold) in leaves than in other organs. On the basis of a comparison of kaempferitrin contents with the expression levels of different genes in different organs, we speculate that HcFLS plays an important regulatory role in the kaempferitrin biosynthetic pathway in kenaf.
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-764, Korea. zhaoshicheng@msn.com.
authors.forename: Shicheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-764, Korea. lixiaohua2007@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Xiaohua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea. chodh@kangwon.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Dong Ha
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. mvalanarasu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mariadhas Valan
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Arasu
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. mvalanarasu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Naif Abdullah
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Al-Dhabi
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-764, Korea. supark@cnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sang Un
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000217:Acyltransferases / Q000235:genetics*; D003066:Coenzyme A Ligases / Q000235:genetics*; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology; D031584:Hibiscus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D019753:Intramolecular Lyases / Q000235:genetics*; D044949:Kaempferols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology; D011422:Propionates / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D050564:Trans-Cinnamate 4-Monooxygenase / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D044949:Kaempferols; D010636:Phenols; D011422:Propionates; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D050564:Trans-Cinnamate 4-Monooxygenase; D000217:Acyltransferases; C020141:flavanone synthetase; D019753:Intramolecular Lyases; C019865:chalcone isomerase; D003066:Coenzyme A Ligases; C019943:4-coumarate-CoA ligase; C042728:lespenefril