title: Law enforcement-applied tourniquets: a case series of life-saving interventions.
abstract: Although the epidemiology of civilian trauma is distinct from that encountered in combat, in both settings, extremity hemorrhage remains a major preventable cause of potential mortality. The current paper describes the largest case series in the literature in which police officers arriving prior to emergency medical services applied commercially available field tourniquets to civilian victims of violent trauma. Although all 3 patients with vascular injury arrived at the receiving emergency department in extremis, they were successfully resuscitated and survived to discharge without major morbidity. While this outcome is likely multifactorial and highlights the exceptional care delivered by the modern trauma system, tourniquet application appears to have kept critically injured patients alive long enough to reach definitive trauma care. No patient had a tourniquet-related complication. This case series suggests that law enforcement officers can effectively identify indications for tourniquets and rapidly apply such life-saving interventions.
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Callaway
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sztajnkrycer
mesh_terms: D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005121:Extremities / Q000293:injuries*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D035846:Law Enforcement; D014111:Tourniquets / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: hemorrhage control; law enforcement; prehospital; tactical emergency casualty care; tourniquet