title: An atypical calcaneal fracture in a child: a literature review concerning the treatment.
abstract: Calcaneal fractures are considered uncommon accounting for 0.005-0.41% of all children fractures. Few reports concerning treatment are available. Most of these fractures are non-displaced/minimally displaced and are associated with a fall of less than 1 m. The aim of this case report was to discuss the diagnosis and treatment of a child calcaneal fracture, an atypical presentation despite the high energy mechanism of trauma. A 7-year-old child fell from a 5-m ladder with all his weight on his right heel. Significantly hind-foot reduced range of motion associated with a lateral/plantar calcaneal swelling and pain was found. Neurovascular examination and other parts of the body were normal. Radiograph showed an undisplaced calcaneal body fracture and computed tomography confirmed no subtalar joint involvement. A splint followed by plaster was applied. Weight bearing and deambulation were not allowed. After 4 weeks, no pain and limping was reported by the child's parents. Plaster was removed and radiograph showed fracture consolidation. Patient had no complaints of pain, no restrictions in range of motion and normal walking. Limping in children is a difficult complaint to assess. Differential diagnoses of a calcaneal fractures should be performed, even without a history of trauma or a history of trivial trauma.
authors.affiliation: Servico de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Hospital Universitario de Santa Maria (SOT-HUSM), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo Waihrich
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Guterres
authors.affiliation: Estudante de Medicina da Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil.
authors.forename: Deryck Aguiar
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Servico de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Hospital Universitario de Santa Maria (SOT-HUSM), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil ; Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias da Saude, Centro de Ciencias da Saude (CCS), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil.
authors.forename: Tiango Aguiar
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
keywords: Calcaneal fracture; Child; Computed tomography