title: Betadine has a ciliotoxic effect on ciliated human respiratory cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the effect of Betadine on ciliated human respiratory epithelial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Epithelial cells from human sinonasal mucosa were cultured at the air-liquid interface. The cultures were tested with Hanks' balanced salt solution containing 10 mM HEPES (control), 100 µM ATP (positive control), 5 per cent Betadine or 10 per cent Betadine (clinical dose). Ciliary beat frequency was analysed using a high-speed camera on a computer imaging system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Undiluted 10 per cent Betadine (n = 6) decreased the proportion of actively beating cilia over 1 minute (p < 0.01). Ciliary beat frequency decreased from 11.15 ± 4.64 Hz to no detectable activity. The result was similar with 5 per cent Betadine (n = 7), with no significant difference compared with the 10 per cent solution findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Betadine, at either 5 and 10 per cent, was ciliotoxic. Caution should be applied to the use of topical Betadine solution on the respiratory mucosal surface.
authors.affiliation: Rhinology and Skull Base Research Group,St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research,Darlinghurst,New South Wales,Australia.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: St. Vincent's Hospital Sydney,Darlinghurst,New South Wales,Australia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rimmer
authors.affiliation: Rhinology and Skull Base Research Group,St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research,Darlinghurst,New South Wales,Australia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mrad
authors.affiliation: Rhinology and Skull Base Research Group,St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research,Darlinghurst,New South Wales,Australia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmadzada
authors.affiliation: Rhinology and Skull Base Research Group,St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research,Darlinghurst,New South Wales,Australia.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Harvey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002923:Cilia / Q000187:drug effects*; D002925:Ciliary Motility Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D011206:Povidone-Iodine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D011206:Povidone-Iodine
keywords: Cilia