title: Comparison of mRNA, Protein, and Urinary Nucleic Acid Levels of S100A8 and S100A9 between Prostate Cancer and BPH.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infections and inflammation in the prostate play a critical role in carcinogenesis, and S100A8 and S100A9 are key mediators in acute and chronic inflammation. Therefore, we investigated the differences of S100A8/A9 expression between prostate cancer (CaP) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues, and we evaluated the possibilities of urinary nucleic acids of S100A8/A9 as diagnostic and prognostic markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissues from 132 CaP patients who underwent prostatectomy or transurethral resection and 90 BPH patients who underwent transurethral prostatectomy were assessed.sd In addition, S100A8 and S100A9 nucleic acid levels were measured in the urine of 283 CaP patients and 363 BPH controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  S100A8 and S100A9 mRNA levels were lower in CaP than BPH tissues (P < 0.001). S100A8 and S100A9 expression was increased in cancer tissues with poorer prognosis. In 69 specimens from prostatectomy patients, S100A8/A9 were the independent predictor of biochemical recurrence (hazard ratio 5.22, 95 % confidence interval 1.800-15.155, P = 0.002). Immunohistochemical staining revealed that BPH tissues stained more strongly for both S100A8 and S100A9 than CaP tissues (P < 0.001). S100A8 and S100A9 urinary nucleic acid levels were lower in CaP than in BPH (P = 0.001 and <0.001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  S100A8/A9 levels are lower in CaP than in BPH. Both were more highly expressed in patients with aggressive disease and shorter biochemical recurrence-free time. S100A8/A9 urinary cell-free nucleic acid levels correlated positively with expression levels obtained from tissue staining. Therefore, S100A8/A9 measurement in tissues and urine may have diagnostic and prognostic value in CaP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seok Joong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Chunri
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Pildu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Ho Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Ye-Hwan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eun-Ah
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ok-Jun
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Won Tae
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung-Kwon
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Isaac Yi
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yung-Hyun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Wun-Jae
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D040501:Calgranulin A / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D040502:Calgranulin B / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009696:Nucleic Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D040501:Calgranulin A; D040502:Calgranulin B; D009696:Nucleic Acids; D012333:RNA, Messenger