title: Gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms and dietary behaviors are significant correlates of short sleep duration in the general population: the Nagahama Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine relationships among gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms, dietary behaviors, and sleep duration in the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-based.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 9,643 participants selected from the general population (54 ± 13 y).
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sleep duration, sleep habits, and unfavorable dietary behaviors of each participant were assessed with a structured questionnaire. Participants were categorized into five groups according to their sleep duration: less than 5 h, 5 to less than 6 h, 6 to less than 7 h, 7 to less than 8 h, and 8 or more h per day. GERD was evaluated using the Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of GERD (FSSG) and participants having an FSSG score of 8 or more or those under treatment of GERD were defined as having GERD. Trend analysis showed that both the FSSG score and the number of unfavorable dietary habits increased with decreasing sleep duration. Further, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that both the presence of GERD (odds ratio = 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07-1.32) and the number of unfavorable dietary behaviors (odds ratio = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.13-1.26) were independent and potent factors to identify participants with short sleep duration even after controlling for other confounding factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study showed that both GERD symptoms and unfavorable dietary behaviors were significant correlates of short sleep duration independently of each other in a large sample from the general population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kimihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murase
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tabara
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Informatics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshimitsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muro
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Setoh
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kadotani
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Ethics and Medical Genetics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kosugi
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sekine
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Informatics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Michiaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mishima
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chiba
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Graduate school of medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumihiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Matsuda
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: dietary behavior; gastroesophageal reflux disease; general population; sleep duration