title: Prevalence and control of hypertension and albuminuria in South Korea: focus on obesity and abdominal obesity in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2012.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Albuminuria is associated with cardiovascular disease, and the relationship between albuminuria and hypertension is well established in many studies. So the control of hypertension is critical for decreasing cardiovascular events and albuminuria. Obesity and abdominal obesity are also associated with hypertension and albuminuria. Therefore, we analyzed the relationship between albuminuria and the prevalence and control of hypertension in the general Korean population according to obesity status.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data from the 2011-2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and 9,519 subjects were included. Subjects were divided into four groups: non-obese/normal waist circumference, non-obese/high waist circumference, obese/normal waist circumference, and obese/high waist circumference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were positively associated with albumin-creatinine ratio in all groups (all p values <0.005). Non-obese/normal waist circumference group were more likely to have hypertension (odds ratios [95% confidential intervals (CIs)] were 3.20 [2.21-4.63] in microalbuminuria level and 3.09 [1.05-9.14] in macroalbuminuria level), and less likely to have controlled hypertension (odds ratios <1 for both albuminuria levels) after adjusting for all covariates. Obese/normal waist circumference group were also more likely to have hypertension (odds ratio [95% CI] were 3.10 [1.56-6.15] in microalbuminuria level and 21.75 [3.66-129.04] in macroalbuminuria level), and less likely to have controlled hypertension in macroalbuminuria level (odds ratio [95% CI], 0.04 [0.01-0.15]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-obese and normal waist circumference subjects have an increased prevalence and decreased control of hypertension in microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria levels. Screening for albuminuria may provide helpful information about hypertension and blood pressure control, particularly in the non-obese and normal waist circumference subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Su-Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Do-Hoon
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ga-Eun
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yeo-Joon
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics, Catholic University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Do
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Wook
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Woon
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Eun
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Su
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yang-Hyun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015995:Prevalence; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult