title: Association of DNA repair genes XRCC1 (Arg399Gln), (Arg194Trp) and XRCC3 (Thr241Met) polymorphisms with the risk of breast cancer: a case-control study in Egypt.
abstract: Various DNA damage, induced by endogenous and exogenous factors, is handled through DNA repair pathways such as X-ray repair cross-complementing protein (XRCC). Genetic variations in these pathways may have a joint or additive effect on various types of cancer, including the risk of breast cancer (BC).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association of three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) Arg399Gln, Arg194Trp, and Thr241Met in DNA repair genes XRCC1 and XRCC3 on the risk of BC, and to assess their interaction with risk factors and prognostic markers in a case-control study in Egypt.
  
  
  METHODS
  We detected the studied SNPs using polymerase chain reaction-restriction enzyme polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in peripheral blood from 100 BC patients and 75 healthy females.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The dominant model of inheritance of Arg399Gln and Arg194Thr revealed an increase in BC risk of odds ratio (OR) of 3.56, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.22-10.39, p=0.017 and OR: 4.45, 95% CI=2.35-8.45, p<0.001 respectively. However, there was no clear interaction between the studied SNPs and the known risk factors, or tumor criteria. No association between the Thr241Met genotype and BC risk was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  XRCC1 Arg399Gln and Arg164Trp variant genotypes are associated with an increased risk of BC in Egyptian females.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University , Alexandria, Egypt .
authors.forename: Ragaa A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ramadan
authors.forename: Lubna M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Desouky
authors.forename: Mostafa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Elnaggar
authors.forename: Mai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moaaz
authors.forename: Amr M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Elsherif
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004534:Egypt; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008957:Models, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012307:Risk Factors; D000076105:X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000076105:X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1; C110901:X-ray repair cross complementing protein 3; C000619371:XRCC1 protein, human