title: Chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose‑derived stem cells using microcarrier and bioreactor combination technique.
abstract: The aim of the current study was to explore the application of microcarrier technology in the rapid amplification and chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose‑derived stem cells (ADSCs) in a rotating bioreactor. Human ADSCs were cultivated with Cytodex 3 microcarriers in a rotary cell culture system (RCCS), and using inverted and scanning electron microscopes, the ADSCs were observed on the surface of the microcarriers. The harvested ADSCs were stained with safranin‑O or toluidine blue histochemical stains, and type II collagen immunohistochemical stain. ADSCs were adherent to the surface of Cytodex 3 microcarriers by 24 h. They became short and spindle‑shaped, and as time progressed, the adherence of the cells to the microcarriers gradually improved. By the end of the culture period, the cell densities were ~19 times that of the initial cell density. The harvested cells on microcarriers were safranin-O and toluidine blue staining and collagen Ⅱ‑positive staining, which were stronger than the control group. The application of microcarrier technology is able to rapidly amplify human ADSC proliferation and successfully implement chondrogenic differentiation in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of PLA, Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hongjun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of PLA, Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shibi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of PLA, Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Hexi, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of PLA, Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shuyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of PLA, Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of PLA, Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jingxiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of PLA, Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sui
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of PLA, Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of PLA, Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Aiyuan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of PLA, Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wenjing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of PLA, Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Quanyi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D019149:Bioreactors; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D003911:Dextrans / Q000737:chemistry; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D024043:Collagen Type II; D003911:Dextrans; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; C052839:Cytodex