title: [A practically orientated clinical HIV update for ENT physicians].
abstract: Basic knowledge concerning the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is useful for ENT physicians. Although HIV patients are usually stably asymptomatic nowadays due to modern therapy, HIV often manifests in ENT symptoms, such as neck lumps, sore throat, difficulty swallowing and dysgeusia. After infection, an initial increase in viral load can cause, among other symptoms, oral ulcers and pharyngitis. Once the immune system is compromised by the attack on CD4 lymphocyte cells, HIV-related diseases can occur: oral mycoses (particularly candidosis) and viral infections (including warts), aphthous ulcers, gingivitis, salivary gland diseases and malignancies (e. g. intraoral Kaposi's sarcoma). Neck lymphadenopathy is frequent. Markers of disease severity are the clinical symptoms, viral load and CD4 helper cell count. HIV treatment (antiretroviral therapy, ART) is a combination of at least three antiviral drugs.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik Nord - Pneumologie, Infektiologie mit Immundefizienz(ID)-Ambulanz, Intensivmedizin, Klinikum Dortmund gGmbH, Münsterstr. 240, 44145, Dortmund, Deutschland, markus.unnewehr@web.de.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Unnewehr
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sieling
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schaaf
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D010038:Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D063189:Symptom Assessment / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents