title: High lipid storage in vacoular forms of subtype 6 Blastocystis sp. in ostrich.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Blastocystis sp., a widely prevalent intestinal protozoan parasite is found in a wide range of animals, including humans. The possibility of zoonotic transmission to human from birds especially ostriches led us to investigate on the cross infectivity of Blastocystis sp. isolated from the ostrich feces as well as the phenotypic and subtype characteristics. There is a need to investigate this especially with the rising number of ostrich farms due to the growing global ostrich industry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  100% of the ostriches were found to be positive for Blastocystis sp. using the in-vitro cultivation method. Transmission electron microscopy revealed high electron dense material in the central body of the vacoular forms. The membrane layer of the ostrich isolate was significantly (p = 0.003) thicker as compared to human isolate. Sudan staining revealed that this was lipid accumulation. We provide evidence for the first time, the existence of subtype 6 which has been previously reported only in pigs and cattle. Cysts, ranging from 3.0 to 7.0 μm in diameter caused experimental infection in Sprague Dawley rats implicating that Blastocystis sp. isolated from ostriches exhibits low host specificity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study for the first time demonstrates that Blastocystis sp. subtype 6 do exist in ostriches and show high lipid storage in the vacuoles of the parasites. The study further provides evidence for potential zoonotic transmission in ostrich farms as Blastocystis subtype 6 can infect rats and the same subtype have been previously reported in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. hemaum25@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hemalatha
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chandrasekaran
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. suresh@um.edu.my.
authors.forename: Suresh Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Govind
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Research Institute Ipoh, 59 Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. chandra1959@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chandrawathani
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Panchadcharam
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Research Institute Ipoh, 59 Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. princess_latha2280@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Premaalatha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bathmanaban
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. kalyani1686@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kalyani
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Raman
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. gay3_rajan@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Gaythri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thergarajan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000469:parasitology*; D016844:Blastocystis / Q000145:classification* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016776:Blastocystis Infections / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020310:Struthioniformes
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan