title: Differential oxidative stress levels in mothers with preeclampsia delivering male and female babies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increased oxidative stress is known to be associated with pregnancy complications like preeclampsia (PE). We hypothesize that increased maternal oxidative stress may differentially affect/program the pregnancy outcome during early postnatal periods in male and female babies.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-hundred three healthy pregnant women (gestation ≥ 37 weeks) were recruited for the normotensive control (NC) group and 57 women with term-preeclampsia (T-PE; gestation ≥ 37 weeks) and 28 women with preterm-preeclampsia (PT-PE; gestation <37 weeks) were also recruited. All infants were followed for anthropometric measurements until six months of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher maternal plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were observed in both T-PE and PT-PE groups. Higher maternal levels of MDA and GPx were seen in mothers delivering male babies in T-PE and PT-PE groups, respectively, as compared to mothers delivering female babies. Babies born to mothers with PT-PE showed poor growth and development on all the anthropometric parameters compared to those born to mothers with T-PE and NC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The altered levels of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes in mothers with PE delivering male babies suggest that they may be at higher risk for developing metabolic and neurodevelopmental disorders than female babies.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nutritional Medicine , Interactive Research School for Health Affairs .
authors.forename: Suchitra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nutritional Medicine , Interactive Research School for Health Affairs .
authors.forename: Madhavi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dhobale
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nutritional Medicine , Interactive Research School for Health Affairs .
authors.forename: Kamini
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dangat
authors.affiliation: b Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Bharati Medical College and Hospital , and.
authors.forename: Savita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mehendale
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pediatrics , Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth University , Pune , Maharashtra , India.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lalwani
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nutritional Medicine , Interactive Research School for Health Affairs .
authors.forename: Sadhana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joshi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Fetal programming; glutathione peroxidase; malondialdehyde; reactive oxygen species; superoxide dismutase