title: Prediction of in-season shoulder injury from preseason testing in division I collegiate football players.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Collegiate football is a high-demand sport in which shoulder injuries are common. Research has described the incidence of these injuries, with little focus on causative factors or injury prevention.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Football athletes who score lower on preseason strength and functional testing are more likely to sustain an in-season shoulder injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level 2.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six collegiate football players underwent preseason testing with a rotational profile for shoulder range of motion, isometric strength of the rotator cuff at 90° elevation and external rotation in the 90/90 position, fatigue testing (prone-Y, scaption, and standing cable press), and the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST). Data collected postseason included the type of shoulder injury and the side injured. Logistic regression was used to determine if the testing measures predicted injury, and a receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to examine the relationship of CKCUEST to injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six athletes sustained shoulder injuries during the season. Predictor variables could significantly predict whether that player would sustain an injury during the season for both the right and left shoulders (P < 0.05). The variables that were significantly correlated with injury of the right side were forward elevation strength, prone-Y to fatigue, and the CKCUEST (P < 0.05); on the left, only the CKCUEST was significant (P < 0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the CKCUEST was 0.86 (ϵ = 0.87, P = 0.01). Using a score of 21 touches, the CKCUEST had a sensitivity of 0.83, a specificity of 0.79, and an odds ratio of 18.75 in determining whether a player sustained a shoulder injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For this sample, the combination of preseason strength, fatigue, and functional testing was able to identify football players who would sustain a shoulder injury during the season.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using a battery of strength, fatigue, and functional testing may be helpful in identifying football players during preseason who are at a higher risk for sustaining a shoulder injury. This information can be used to optimize preseason testing and implementation of injury prevention programs.
authors.affiliation: GSPP Penn Therapy and Fitness at Penn Sports Medicine Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pontillo
authors.affiliation: GSPP Penn Therapy and Fitness at Penn Sports Medicine Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Bryan A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Spinelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Sennett
keywords: football; injury prediction; shoulder