title: Lifestyle factors associated with type 2 diabetes and use of different glucose-lowering drugs: cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the lifestyle profile among persons with and without Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and among users of different glucose-lowering drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used questionnaire data from a Danish health survey and identified presence of Type 2 DM and use of medications through medical databases. We calculated age- and gender-standardized prevalence ratios (PRs) of lifestyle factors according to Type 2 DM and different glucose-lowering drugs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 21,637 survey participants aged 25-79 years, 680 (3%) had Type 2 DM (median age 63 years) with a median diabetes duration of 5 years. Participants with Type 2 DM had a substantially higher prevalence of obesity (36% vs. 13%, PR: 3.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.8-3.6), yet more reported to eat a very healthy diet (25% vs. 21%, PR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.0-1.4) and to exercise regularly (67% vs. 53%, PR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.2-1.4). Also, fewer were current smokers or had high alcohol intake. When compared with metformin users, obesity was substantially less prevalent in users of sulfonylurea (PR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.4-0-8), and insulin and analogues (PR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.3-0.7). Tobacco smoking was more prevalent in sulfonylurea users (PR: 1.4, 95% CI: 0.9-2.1) compared with metformin users. We found no material differences in physical exercise, diet or alcohol intake according to type of glucose-lowering drug.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Type 2 DM patients are substantially more obese than other individuals, but otherwise report to have a healthier lifestyle. Metformin use is strongly associated with obesity, whereas sulfonylurea use tends to be associated with tobacco smoking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Sinna P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Ulrichsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mor
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.affiliation: Centre for Public Health and Quality Improvement, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Finn B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Reimar W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Thomsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds; D008687:Metformin