title: Pharmacological activities of cilantro's aliphatic aldehydes against Leishmania donovani.
abstract: Leishmaniasis is a chronic infectious disease caused by different Leishmania species. Global occurrences of this disease are primarily limited to tropical and subtropical regions. Treatments are available; however, patients complain of side effects. Different species of plants have been screened as a potential source of new drugs against leishmaniasis. In this study, we investigated the antileishmanial activity of cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) essential oil and its main components: (E)-2-undecenal, (E)-2-decenal, (E)-2-dodecenal, decanal, dodecanal, and tetradecanal. The essential oil of C. sativum leaves inhibits growth of Leishmani donovani promastigotes in culture with an IC50 of 26.58 ± 6.11 µg/mL. The aliphatic aldehydes (E)-2-decenal (7.85 ± 0.28 µg/mL), (E)-2-undecenal (2.81 ± 0.21 µg/mL), and (E)-2-dodecenal (4.35 ± 0.15 µg/mL), all isolated from C. sativum essential oil, are effective inhibitors of in vitro cultures of L. donovani promastigotes. Aldehydes (E)-2-decenal, (E)-2-undecenal, and (E)-2-dodecenal were also evaluated against axenic amastigotes and IC50 values were determined to be 2.47 ± 0.25 µg/mL, 1.25 ± 0.11 µg/mL, and 4.78 ± 1.12 µg/mL, respectively. (E)-2-Undecenal and (E)-2-dodecenal demonstrated IC50 values of 5.65 ± 0.19 µg/mL and 9.60 ± 0.89 µg/mL, respectively, against macrophage amastigotes. These cilantro compounds showed no cytotoxicity against THP-1 macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mateus A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Donega
authors.affiliation: Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Simone C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Mello
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
authors.forename: Rita M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
authors.forename: Surendra K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
authors.forename: Babu L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Tekwani
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, MS, USA.
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Cantrell
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000475:Alkenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line / Q000187:drug effects; D028526:Coriandrum / Q000737:chemistry*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007893:Leishmania donovani / Q000187:drug effects*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000469:parasitology; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C476489:(2E)-decenal; D000447:Aldehydes; D000475:Alkenes; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile; C021170:decanaldehyde; C019102:tetradecanal; C476488:(2E)-undecenal