title: Opportunistic Infections and Complications in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1-Infected Children: Correlation with immune status.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to ascertain the correlation between various opportunistic infections and complications in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected children and the immune status of these patients, evaluated by absolute cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) count and CD4 percentage.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted from January 2009 to June 2010 at the Antiretroviral Treatment Centre of the Pt. B.D. Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, a tertiary care hospital in Rohtak, Haryana, in northern India. A total of 20 HIV-1-infected children aged 4-57 months were studied. Demographic and baseline investigations were performed prior to the start of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). A fixed-dose combination of HAART was given based on the patient's weight. Baseline investigations were repeated after six months of HAART.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant increase in the patients' haemoglobin, weight, height and CD4 count after six months of HAART. Significant improvements (P <0.05) were also noted in the patients' immune status, graded according to the World Health Organization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study observed that the severity and frequency of opportunistic complications in paediatric patients with HIV-1 increased with a fall in the CD4 count. The treatment of opportunistic infections, along with antiretroviral therapy, may lead to both clinical and immunological recovery as well as a decreased incidence of future opportunistic infections. The CD4 count may give treating physicians an initial idea about the immune status of each child and could also be used as a biological marker of HAART efficacy. Patient compliance must be ensured during HAART as this is a key factor in improving outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Pt. B. D. Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Jaivinder
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Pt. B. D. Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Sanjeev
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nanda
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Pt. B. D. Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sharma
keywords: AIDS; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy; India