title: The functional connectivity landscape of the human brain.
abstract: Functional brain networks emerge and dissipate over a primarily static anatomical foundation. The dynamic basis of these networks is inter-regional communication involving local and distal regions. It is assumed that inter-regional distances play a pivotal role in modulating network dynamics. Using three different neuroimaging modalities, 6 datasets were evaluated to determine whether experimental manipulations asymmetrically affect functional relationships based on the distance between brain regions in human participants. Contrary to previous assumptions, here we show that short- and long-range connections are equally likely to strengthen or weaken in response to task demands. Additionally, connections between homotopic areas are the most stable and less likely to change compared to any other type of connection. Our results point to a functional connectivity landscape characterized by fluid transitions between local specialization and global integration. This ability to mediate functional properties irrespective of spatial distance may engender a diverse repertoire of cognitive processes when faced with a dynamic environment.
authors.affiliation: Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Bratislav
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mišić
authors.affiliation: Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Zainab
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fatima
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
authors.forename: Mary K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Askren
authors.affiliation: MIND Research Institute, Irvine, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buschkuehl
authors.affiliation: Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Churchill
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.
authors.forename: Bernadine
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cimprich
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.
authors.forename: Patricia J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Deldin
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jaeggi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Chungnam University, Daejeon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Misook
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Korostil
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ethan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kross
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Krpan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peltier
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Reuter-Lorenz
authors.affiliation: Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Strother
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jonides
authors.affiliation: Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Anthony R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: McIntosh
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
authors.forename: Marc G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Berman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D015225:Magnetoencephalography; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009415:Nerve Net; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D055815:Young Adult