title: Risk factors of pulmonary thrombosis/embolism in nephrotic syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nephrotic syndrome is associated with an increased risk for thromboembolic complications. Until now, few studies have ever specified the risk of pulmonary thrombosis/embolism (PTE) in patients with nephrotic syndrome. In this study, we assessed the risk of PTE in a large cross-sectional study to identify risk factors in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred twelve patients with NS who had screened PTE through lung ventilation-perfusion scan were collected and analyzed. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to detect the independent risk factors for PTE. Logistic regression was used to identify the threshold value of D-dimer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-five patients (20.8%) had PTE in individuals with NS. Elevated level of plasma D-dimer was identified as an independent risk factor of PTE on multivariate analysis (odds ratio = 1.54; 95% confidence interval: 1.27-1.88). While proteinuria at presentation and serum albumin were not associated with PTE after adjusted for D-dimer (P > 0.05). The cumulative probability of PTE was in a nearly linear association with the plasma D-dimer level even within the normal range. Based on the plasma D-dimer level, we had developed a concise model to predict the risk of pulmonary embolism using logistic curve.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In adult patients with NS, high level of plasma D-dimer was closely associated with PTE, whereas proteinuria or serum albumin level was not in this study. Using plasma D-dimer level, we developed a concise model to predict the risk of PTE.
authors.affiliation: Renal Division (YY, JL, FZ, MC, MZ, HW), Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Nephrology (YY, JL, FZ, MC, MZ, HW), Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease (YY, JL, FZ, MC, MZ, HW), Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (YY, JL, FZ, MC, MZ, HW), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; and Department of Nuclear Medicine (RW), Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yihe
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jicheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Fude
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Rongfu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Minghui
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; C036309:fibrin fragment D