title: Garlic extract attenuates brain mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive deficit in obese-insulin resistant rats.
abstract: Oxidative stress in the obese-insulin resistant condition has been shown to affect cognitive as well as brain mitochondrial functions. Garlic extract has exerted a potent antioxidant effect. However, the effects of garlic extract on the brain of obese-insulin resistant rats have never been investigated. We hypothesized that garlic extract improves cognitive function and brain mitochondrial function in obese-insulin resistant rats induced by long-term high-fat diet (HFD) consumption. Male Wistar rats were fed either normal diet or HFD for 16 weeks (n = 24/group). At week 12, rats in each dietary group received either vehicle or garlic extract (250 and 500 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) for 28 days. Learning and memory behaviors, metabolic parameters, and brain mitochondrial function were determined at the end of treatment. HFD led to increased body weight, visceral fat, plasma insulin, cholesterol, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, indicating the development of insulin resistance. Furthermore, HFD rats had cognitive deficit and brain mitochondrial dysfunction. HFD rats treated with both doses of garlic extract had decreased body weight, visceral fat, plasma cholesterol, and MDA levels. Garlic extract also improved cognitive function and brain mitochondrial function, which were impaired in obese-insulin resistant rats caused by HFD consumption.
authors.affiliation: a Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
authors.forename: Hiranya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pintana
authors.forename: Jirapas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sripetchwandee
authors.forename: Luerat
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Supakul
authors.forename: Nattayaporn
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Apaijai
authors.forename: Nipon
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chattipakorn
authors.forename: Siriporn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chattipakorn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005737:Garlic; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: antioxidant; antioxydant; apprentissage et mémoire; brain; cerveau; high-fat diet; learning and memory; metabolic syndrome; régime riche en gras; syndrome métabolique