title: Production of corticotropin-releasing factor and urocortin from human monocyte-derived dendritic cells is stimulated by commensal bacteria in intestine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether commensal bacteria are a contributing cause of stress-related mucosal inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human peripheral blood monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) were stimulated by commensal bacterial strains, including Escherichia coli, Clostridium clostridioforme, Bacteroides vulgatus (B. vulgatus), Fusobacterium varium (F. varium), and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. After incubation, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and urocortin 1 (UCN1) mRNA in the cells was examined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Supernatants from the cells were tested for CRF and UCN1 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both CRF and UCN1 were significantly augmented by B. vulgatus and F. varium at both the mRNA and protein levels. In particular, B. vulgatus stimulated human MoDCs, resulting in extremely high levels of CRF and UCN1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stimulation of MoDCs by B. vulgatus and F. varium may be associated with CRF/UCN1-related intestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
authors.affiliation: Shigeo Koido, Toshifumi Ohkusa, Kazuki Takakura, Keisuke Saito, Zensho Ito, Hiroko Kobayashi, Shinichiro Takami, Kan Uchiyama, Hiroshi Arakawa, Mikio Kajihara, Hisao Tajiri, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Chiba 277-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koido
authors.affiliation: Shigeo Koido, Toshifumi Ohkusa, Kazuki Takakura, Keisuke Saito, Zensho Ito, Hiroko Kobayashi, Shinichiro Takami, Kan Uchiyama, Hiroshi Arakawa, Mikio Kajihara, Hisao Tajiri, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Chiba 277-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohkusa
authors.affiliation: Shigeo Koido, Toshifumi Ohkusa, Kazuki Takakura, Keisuke Saito, Zensho Ito, Hiroko Kobayashi, Shinichiro Takami, Kan Uchiyama, Hiroshi Arakawa, Mikio Kajihara, Hisao Tajiri, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Chiba 277-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.affiliation: Shigeo Koido, Toshifumi Ohkusa, Kazuki Takakura, Keisuke Saito, Zensho Ito, Hiroko Kobayashi, Shinichiro Takami, Kan Uchiyama, Hiroshi Arakawa, Mikio Kajihara, Hisao Tajiri, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Chiba 277-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takakura
authors.affiliation: Shigeo Koido, Toshifumi Ohkusa, Kazuki Takakura, Keisuke Saito, Zensho Ito, Hiroko Kobayashi, Shinichiro Takami, Kan Uchiyama, Hiroshi Arakawa, Mikio Kajihara, Hisao Tajiri, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Chiba 277-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Shigeo Koido, Toshifumi Ohkusa, Kazuki Takakura, Keisuke Saito, Zensho Ito, Hiroko Kobayashi, Shinichiro Takami, Kan Uchiyama, Hiroshi Arakawa, Mikio Kajihara, Hisao Tajiri, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Chiba 277-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Komita
authors.affiliation: Shigeo Koido, Toshifumi Ohkusa, Kazuki Takakura, Keisuke Saito, Zensho Ito, Hiroko Kobayashi, Shinichiro Takami, Kan Uchiyama, Hiroshi Arakawa, Mikio Kajihara, Hisao Tajiri, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Chiba 277-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Zensho
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Shigeo Koido, Toshifumi Ohkusa, Kazuki Takakura, Keisuke Saito, Zensho Ito, Hiroko Kobayashi, Shinichiro Takami, Kan Uchiyama, Hiroshi Arakawa, Mikio Kajihara, Hisao Tajiri, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Chiba 277-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Shigeo Koido, Toshifumi Ohkusa, Kazuki Takakura, Keisuke Saito, Zensho Ito, Hiroko Kobayashi, Shinichiro Takami, Kan Uchiyama, Hiroshi Arakawa, Mikio Kajihara, Hisao Tajiri, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Chiba 277-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takami
authors.affiliation: Shigeo Koido, Toshifumi Ohkusa, Kazuki Takakura, Keisuke Saito, Zensho Ito, Hiroko Kobayashi, Shinichiro Takami, Kan Uchiyama, Hiroshi Arakawa, Mikio Kajihara, Hisao Tajiri, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Chiba 277-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Kan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.affiliation: Shigeo Koido, Toshifumi Ohkusa, Kazuki Takakura, Keisuke Saito, Zensho Ito, Hiroko Kobayashi, Shinichiro Takami, Kan Uchiyama, Hiroshi Arakawa, Mikio Kajihara, Hisao Tajiri, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Chiba 277-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arakawa
authors.affiliation: Shigeo Koido, Toshifumi Ohkusa, Kazuki Takakura, Keisuke Saito, Zensho Ito, Hiroko Kobayashi, Shinichiro Takami, Kan Uchiyama, Hiroshi Arakawa, Mikio Kajihara, Hisao Tajiri, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Chiba 277-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Shigeo Koido, Toshifumi Ohkusa, Kazuki Takakura, Keisuke Saito, Zensho Ito, Hiroko Kobayashi, Shinichiro Takami, Kan Uchiyama, Hiroshi Arakawa, Mikio Kajihara, Hisao Tajiri, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Chiba 277-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.affiliation: Shigeo Koido, Toshifumi Ohkusa, Kazuki Takakura, Keisuke Saito, Zensho Ito, Hiroko Kobayashi, Shinichiro Takami, Kan Uchiyama, Hiroshi Arakawa, Mikio Kajihara, Hisao Tajiri, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Chiba 277-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kajihara
authors.affiliation: Shigeo Koido, Toshifumi Ohkusa, Kazuki Takakura, Keisuke Saito, Zensho Ito, Hiroko Kobayashi, Shinichiro Takami, Kan Uchiyama, Hiroshi Arakawa, Mikio Kajihara, Hisao Tajiri, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Chiba 277-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Sadamu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Homma
authors.affiliation: Shigeo Koido, Toshifumi Ohkusa, Kazuki Takakura, Keisuke Saito, Zensho Ito, Hiroko Kobayashi, Shinichiro Takami, Kan Uchiyama, Hiroshi Arakawa, Mikio Kajihara, Hisao Tajiri, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Chiba 277-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tajiri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013559:Symbiosis; D015854:Up-Regulation; D054832:Urocortins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; C576814:UCN protein, human; D054832:Urocortins; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone
keywords: Commensal bacteria; Corticotropin-releasing factor; Dendritic cell; Inflammatory bowel disease; Irritable bowel syndrome; Urocortin