title: Prevalence of narcotic bowel syndrome in opioid abusers in iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND In spite of the increasing trend in opioid abusers worldwide, the prevalence of narcotic bowel syndrome (NBS) is undetermined. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of NBS and other opioid bowel dysfunction (OBD) in opioid abusers in Kerman, southeast Iran. According to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the prevalence of NBS in opioid abusers. METHODS By referring to addiction treatment centers in Kerman city and in a cross-sectional study, 577 subjects with opium or opioid subtracts abuse were included in our study. A validated questionnaire was used for OBD assessment and diagnosis of NBS was made according to both the presence of chronic abdominal pain despite increasing the opioid dose and ruling out other causes of abdominal pain. SPSS software version 16 was used for data analysis. p value<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS Constipation, regurgitation, and heartburn were the most gastrointestinal complaints that were found in 132(22.9%), 123(21.3%) and 91(15.8%) subjects, respectively. Only 16(2.8%) participants fulfilled all the NBS criteria. Simultaneous use of non-narcotic sedative drugs increased the risk of NBS significantly (the odds ratio 3:1 and p=0.049). CONCLUSION NBS is not rare among opioid abusers and should be considered as a cause of chronic abdominal pain in this group.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Unit, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Bizhan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Unit, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Peyman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arab
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Unit, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Javad
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zahedi
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Unit, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran ; Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shafieipour
authors.affiliation: Center for Functional GI and Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Drossman
authors.affiliation: Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Ghodseyeh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Banivaheb
keywords: Iran; Narcotic bowel syndrome; Opioid abuser; Opioid bowel dysfunction; Prevalence