title: Hearing Status in Pediatric Renal Transplant Recipients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Renal transplant provides a long-term survival. Hearing impairment is a major factor in subjective health status. Status of hearing and the cause of hearing impairment in the pediatric renal transplant group have not been evaluated. Here, we studied to evaluate hearing status in pediatric renal transplant patients and to determine the factors that cause hearing impairment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven pediatric renal transplant recipients were investigated. All patients underwent audiologic assessment by means of pure-tone audiometry. The factors on hearing impairment were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sensorineural hearing impairment was found in 17 patients. There was marked hearing impairment for the higher frequencies between 4000 and 8000 Hz. Sudden hearing loss developed in 2 patients, 1 of them had tinnitus. Decrease of speech understanding was found in 8 patients. The cyclosporine level was significantly high in patients with hearing impairment compared with group without hearing impairment. Cyclosporine levels also were found to be statistically significantly high when compared with the group with decrease of speech understanding and the group without decrease of speech understanding. Similar relations cannot be found between tacrolimus levels and hearing impairment and speech understanding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sensorineural hearing impairment prevalence was high in pediatric renal transplant recipients when compared with the general population of children. Cyclosporine may be responsible for causing hearing impairment after renal transplant. We suggest that this effect is a dose-dependent toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Nephrology Department, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kaan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gulleroglu
authors.forename: Esra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baskin
authors.forename: Erdinc
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ozluoglu
authors.forename: Gokhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moray
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haberal
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000187:drug effects*; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D002648:Child; D032882:Comprehension; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006309:Hearing / Q000187:drug effects*; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D013065:Speech Intelligibility; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine