title: Can preoperative scoring systems be applied to Asian hip fracture populations? Validation of the Nottingham Hip Fracture Score (NHFS) and identification of preoperative risk factors in hip fractures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hip fractures in the elderly are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Determining which patients will benefit from hip fracture surgery is crucial to reducing mortality and morbidity. Our objectives are: 1) to define the rate of index admission, 1-month and 1-year mortality in all hip fracture patients, and 2) to apply the Nottingham Hip Fracture Score (NHFS) to determine validity in an Asian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective cohort study of 212 patients with hip fractures above 60 years from September 2009 to April 2010 for 1-year. Sociodemographic, prefracture comorbidity and data on functional status was collected on admission, and at intervals after discharge. The main outcome measures were mortality on index admission, 1 month and 12 months after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our study, the overall mortality at 1-month and 1-year after surgery was 7.3% and 14.6% respectively. Surgically treated hip fracture patients had lower odds ratio (OR) for mortality as compared to conservatively treated ones. The OR was 0.17 during index admission, 0.17 at 1-month, and 0.18 at 12-months after discharge. These were statistically significant. Adjustments for age, gender, and duration to surgery were taken into account. The NHFS was found to be a good predictor of 1-month mortality after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgically treated hip fracture patients have a lower OR for mortality than conservatively managed ones even up to 1-year. The NHFS has shown to predict 1-month mortality accurately for surgically treated hip fracture patients, even for our Asian population. It can be used as a tool for clinicians at the individual patient level to communicate risk with patients and help plan care for fracture patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Chung Yuan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Kau
authors.forename: Ernest B K
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Kwek
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors