title: Robert Edward Gross (1905-1988): ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus and the birth of a specialty.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Chalphin
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.forename: Scott W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Cowan
authors.forename: Stacey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Milan
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000266:history*; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000266:history* / Q000601:surgery; D049673:History, 20th Century; D008026:Ligation / Q000266:history; D014481:United States