title: Greater expression of the human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: analytical cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Impaired local cell immunity seems to contribute towards the pathogenesis and progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), but the underlying molecular mechanisms promoting its progression remain unclear. Identification of new molecular markers for prognosis and diagnosis of early-stage CIN may aid in decreasing the numbers of CIN cases. Several novel immunoregulatory molecules have been discovered over the past few years, including the human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G), which through interaction with its receptors exerts important tolerogenic functions. Several lines of evidence suggest that T-helper interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing cells (Th17 cells) may play a role in antitumor immunity. However, recent reports have implicated Th17 cells and their cytokines in both pro and anti-tumorigenic processes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the roles of HLA-G and Th17 in the immunopathogenesis of CIN I.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analytical cross-sectional study with a control group using 58 cervical specimens from the files of a public university hospital providing tertiary-level care.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined HLA-G and IL-17 expression in the cervical microenvironment by means of immunohistochemistry, and correlated these findings with clinical and pathological features.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a greater tendency towards HLA-G and IL-17 expression in specimens that showed CIN I, thus suggesting that these molecules have a contribution towards cervical progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that HLA-G and IL-17 expression may be an early marker for assessing the progression of cervical lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology and Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lidyane Neves
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology and Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Priscila Santos
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Reginaldo
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology and Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daliana Maria Berenice Oliveira
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Christiane Pienna
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tarsia Giabardo Alves
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Keyla Borges Ferreira
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos André Nunes
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Jatobá
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Immunology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo Antonio
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Donadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Joanlise Marco Leon
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Katherine Silveira
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology and Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Janaína Cristiana Oliveira
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Crispim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D001706:Biopsy; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003075:Coitus / Q000502:physiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D059951:HLA-G Antigens / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012747:Sexual Partners; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D059951:HLA-G Antigens; D020381:Interleukin-17