title: The role of cystectomy for non-malignant bladder conditions: a review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few studies have adequately addressed the indications, efficacy, and quality-of-life for cystectomy performed for non-malignant bladder conditions. Patients with debilitating non-malignant bladder conditions who have failed all previous conservative therapies may undergo various forms of cystectomy, including partial, simple or radical cystectomy. We provide a review of the current literature and recommendations for cystectomy for various non-malignant bladder conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of MEDLINE was conducted to find prospective and retrospective studies using the keywords "cystectomy", "benign", and `non-malignant`. Articles were reviewed and triaged, background articles were added as supplements, leaving a final review of 67 papers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from the final review suggests that common benign indications for cystectomy are interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS), neurogenic bladder, hemorrhagic/radiation cystitis, infectious diseases of the bladder and miscellaneous conditions of the bladder such as endometriosis and total refractory incontinence. The most common perioperative complications include urinary tract and wound infections. Efficacy of cystectomy in patients with IC/PBS is greater than 80%, while efficacy in patients with neurogenic bladder is greater than 90%. Finally, improved urinary quality-of-life has been demonstrated in patients with neurogenic bladder post-cystectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cystectomy for non-malignant conditions can be considered for patients who have failed previous conservative therapy. The limited data in existence suggests fertility can be adequately preserved after cystectomy in younger males. The data regarding the forms of urinary diversion suggests no significant advantage between any of the major forms of urinary diversion. Finally, while newer pharmacologics and technological advances are widely used in the treatment of various benign urological conditions, their role in preventing or treating refractory benign bladder conditions have not been fully characterized.
authors.affiliation: Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Julio T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: MaryEllen T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Dolat
authors.forename: Adam P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Klausner
authors.forename: Ema
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dragoescu
authors.forename: Lance J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Hampton
mesh_terms: D015653:Cystectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D003556:Cystitis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000601:surgery*; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D059247:Fertility Preservation; D006417:Hematuria / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018579:Patient Selection; D011788:Quality of Life; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000209:etiology; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000601:surgery*; D014547:Urinary Diversion; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery