title: Pitfalls of insulin pump clocks: technical glitches that may potentially affect medical care in patients with diabetes.
abstract: The objective was to raise awareness about the importance of ensuring that insulin pumps internal clocks are set up correctly at all times. This is a very important safety issue because all commercially available insulin pumps are not GPS-enabled (though this is controversial), nor equipped with automatically adjusting internal clocks. Special attention is paid to how basal and bolus dose errors can be introduced by daylight savings time changes, travel across time zones, and am-pm clock errors. Correct setting of insulin pump internal clock is crucial for appropriate insulin delivery. A comprehensive literature review is provided, as are illustrative cases. Incorrect setting can potentially result in incorrect insulin delivery, with potential harmful consequences, if too much or too little insulin is delivered. Daylight saving time changes may not significantly affect basal insulin delivery, given the triviality of the time difference. However, bolus insulin doses can be dramatically affected. Such problems may occur when pump wearers have large variations in their insulin to carb ratio, especially if they forget to change their pump clock in the spring. More worrisome than daylight saving time change is the am-pm clock setting. If this setting is set up incorrectly, both basal rates and bolus doses will be affected. Appropriate insulin delivery through insulin pumps requires correct correlation between dose settings and internal clock time settings. Because insulin pumps are not GPS-enabled or automatically time-adjusting, extra caution should be practiced by patients to ensure correct time settings at all times. Clinicians and diabetes educators should verify the date/time of insulin pumps during patients' visits, and should remind their patients to always verify these settings.
authors.affiliation: Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA saleh.aldasouqi@hc.msu.edu.
authors.forename: Saleh A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Aldasouqi
authors.affiliation: Sparrow Hospital, Lansing, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Amy J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Reed
mesh_terms: D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy; D004868:Equipment Failure; D006801:Humans; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems / Q000592:standards*
keywords: daylight saving time; glitches; insulin pump clocks; insulin pumps; pitfalls