title: The comparison of monitored anesthesia care with dexmedetomidine and spinal anesthesia during varicose vein surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of monitored anesthesia care (MAC) using dexmedetomidine for its sedative and analgesic effect during varicose vein surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two patients, who underwent varicose vein surgery, were divided into the MAC group (n = 20) or the spinal anesthesia group (n = 22) for randomized clinical trial. In the MAC group, dexmedetomidine was administered by a loading dose of 1 µg/kg for 10 minutes, followed by a maintenance infusion of 0.2-1.0 µg/kg/hr. Ketamine was used for intermittent injection. In the spinal anesthesia group, midazolam was used for sedation. Intraoperative vital signs, the number of adverse events, and the satisfaction of patients and surgeons concerning the anesthetic condition were compared between the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Systolic blood pressure was intraoperatively significantly different over time between the two groups. The groups had statistical differences in the change in heart rate with regard to time. In the postanesthetic care unit, patients and surgeons in the MAC group had a lower satisfaction score, compared to patients and surgeons in the spinal anesthesia group. However, in the recovery period, patients had a positive perception concerning MAC anesthesia. In addition, without significant adverse events, the MAC group had a shorter time to possible ambulation, which indicated an early recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We believe that MAC using dexmedetomidine in combination with ketamine may be an alternative anesthetic technique for varicose vein surgery with regard to a patient's preference and medical condition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Jin
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Woon
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jun-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Man
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Division of Transplantation & Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Je-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Joh
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho-Chul
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Yi
keywords: Dexmedetomidine; Monitored anesthesia care; Sedation; Spinal anesthesia