title: Development of Ego-Resiliency: Relations to Observed Parenting and Polymorphisms in the Serotonin Transporter Gene During Early Childhood.
abstract: We used observed parenting behaviors, along with genetic variants and haplotypes of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4), as predictors of children's ego-resiliency during early childhood (N=153). Quality of mothers' parenting was observed at 18 months of age and mothers' reports of ego-resiliency were collected at six time points from 18 to 84 months. Genetic data were collected at 72 months. Observed parenting was positively associated with initial levels of children's ego-resiliency. Furthermore, although individual genetic variants of the serotonin transporter gene (LPR, STin2) were not associated with ego-resiliency, the S10 haplotype (that combines information from these two variants) was negatively associated with initial levels of ego-resiliency. Both parenting and serotonin genetic variation uniquely predicted children's ego-resiliency, suggesting an additive effect of genetic and parental factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Arizona State University.
authors.forename: Zoe E
authors.initials: ZE
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Arizona State University.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sulik
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Arizona State University.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Eisenberg
authors.affiliation: School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University.
authors.forename: Tracy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Spinrad
authors.affiliation: School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University.
authors.forename: Kassondra M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Arizona State University.
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lemery-Chalfant
authors.affiliation: Center for Evolutionary Medicine and Informatics & School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University.
authors.forename: Daryn A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Stover
authors.affiliation: Center for Evolutionary Medicine and Informatics & School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University.
authors.forename: Brian C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Verrelli
keywords: SLC6A4; ego-resiliency; parenting; serotonin transporter