title: Monolayer-capped gold nanoparticles for disease detection from breath.
abstract: The recognition of volatile organic compounds in breath samples is a promising approach for noninvasive safe diagnosis of disease. Spectrometry and spectroscopy methods used for breath analysis suffer from suboptimal accuracy, are expensive and are unsuitable for diagnostics. This article presents a concise review on arrays of monolayer-capped gold nanoparticle (GNP) sensors in conjugation with pattern recognition methods for cost-effective, fast and high-throughput point-of-care diagnostic results from exhaled breath samples. The article starts with a general introduction to the rationale and advantages of breath analysis as well as with a presentation of the utility of monolayer-capped GNP sensors in this field. The article continues with a presentation of the main fabrication and operation principles of these GNP sensors and concludes with selected examples regarding their utility in different fields of medicine, particularly in neurology, infectiology, respiratory medicine and oncology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering & Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
authors.forename: Morad K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Nakhleh
authors.forename: Yoav Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Broza
authors.forename: Hossam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haick
mesh_terms: D001944:Breath Tests; D003933:Diagnosis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; D006046:Gold
keywords: breath; detection; gold nanoparticle; sensor