title: Urinalysis: case presentations for the primary care physician.
abstract: Urinalysis is useful in diagnosing systemic and genitourinary conditions. In patients with suspected microscopic hematuria, urine dipstick testing may suggest the presence of blood, but results should be confirmed with a microscopic examination. In the absence of obvious causes, the evaluation of microscopic hematuria should include renal function testing, urinary tract imaging, and cystoscopy. In a patient with a ureteral stent, urinalysis alone cannot establish the diagnosis of urinary tract infection. Plain radiography of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder can identify a stent and is preferred over computed tomography. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is the isolation of bacteria in an appropriately collected urine specimen obtained from a person without symptoms of a urinary tract infection. Treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria is not recommended in nonpregnant adults, including those with prolonged urinary catheter use.
authors.affiliation: University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Victoria J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.affiliation: University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Askeland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D053159:Dysuria / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006417:Hematuria / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000628:therapy; D058007:Physicians, Primary Care; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods*; D014546:Urinary Catheterization; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*