title: A follow-up study of hygiene in catering premises at large-scale events in the United Kingdom.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate food hygiene practices at large events by assessing the microbiological quality of ready-to-eat food, drinking water, food preparation surfaces, cleaning cloths and wristbands worn by food handlers for event security purposes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over a 7-month period, 1662 samples were collected at 153 events and examined for microbiological contamination. Eight per cent of food samples were of an unsatisfactory quality. A further one per cent contained potentially hazardous levels of human pathogenic bacteria. 27% of water samples, 32% of swabs and 56% of cloths were also unsatisfactory. These results represented an improvement in hygiene compared to a previous study carried out 12 months previously. A fifth of food handler wristbands were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli and/or coagulase-positive staphylococci, with those bands made from fabric being more frequently contaminated than those made from plastic or other materials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence that the food hygiene at large-scale events may have improved. However, there is still a need for continued efforts to maintain an ongoing improvement in cleaning regimes and food hygiene management.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study was part of an ongoing focus on large events in the lead-up to the London 2012 Olympics. Lessons learnt here will be important in the planning of future large events.
authors.affiliation: Public Health England Food Water and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory Porton, Salisbury, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Elviss
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McLauchlin
mesh_terms: D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005511:Food Handling; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006113:United Kingdom; D014871:Water Microbiology
keywords: Olympics; food hygiene; large events; mass gatherings; water quality