title: Natriuretic peptides, heart, and adipose tissue: new findings and future developments for diabetes research.
abstract: Natriuretic peptides (NPs) play a key role in cardiovascular homeostasis, counteracting the deleterious effects of volume and pressure overload and activating antibrotic and antihypertrophic pathways in the heart. N-terminal B-type NP (NT-proBNP) also is a promising biomarker of global cardiovascular risk in the general population, and there is increasing interest on its potential use in diabetic patients for screening of silent cardiovascular abnormalities, cardiovascular risk stratification, and guided intervention. Recently, both atrial NP (ANP) and B-type NP (BNP) have emerged as key mediators in the control of metabolic processes including the heart in the network of organs that regulate energy usage and metabolism. Epidemiological studies have shown that ANP and BNP are reduced in people with obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes, and this deficiency may contribute to enhance their global cardiovascular risk. Moreover, ANP and BNP have receptors in the adipose tissue, enhance lipolysis and energy expenditure, and modulate adipokine release and food intake. Therefore, low ANP and BNP levels may be not only a consequence but also a cause of obesity, and recent prospective studies have shown that low levels of NT-proBNP and midregional proANP (MR-proANP) are a strong predictor of type 2 diabetes onset. Whether ANP and BNP supplementation may result in either cardiovascular or metabolic benefits in humans remains, however, to be established.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gruden
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Landi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy graziella.bruno@unito.it.
authors.forename: Graziella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bruno
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000639:trends; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor