title: Gene expression profiles of estrogen receptors α and β in the fetal bovine hypothalamus and immunohistochemical characterization during development.
abstract: Steroid hormones intervene in the structural and functional regulation of neuronal processes during development and thus determine brain differentiation. The effects of estrogens are mediated by two transcription factors, namely estrogen receptor α (ER-α) and estrogen receptor β (ER-β), that regulate the expression of target genes through their binding to specific DNA target sequences. We describe the mRNA expression of ER-α and ER-β in the hypothalamus of developing male and female bovines as revealed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the distribution of the two ERs in hypothalamic sections of all fetal stages as shown by immunohistochemistry. The expression profiles of the mRNAs of both ERs are mutually correlated throughout the gestation period, and their levels increase significantly in the last stages of gestation. No sexual differences in the mRNA expression of either ER-α or ER-β have been found in our fetal specimens. The use of specific antisera against ER-α and ER-β has allowed us to characterize and confirm the distribution of these receptors in the hypothalami of all fetal stages considered. Our results offer detailed information concerning the distribution of ER-α and ER-β in the developing bovine hypothalamus and provide additional insights into the processes involved in the hypothalamic development of a mammal with a long gestation and a highly gyrencephalic brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Panin
authors.affiliation: Department of Management and Engineering, University of Padua, Via S. Nicola 3, 36100, Vicenza (VI), Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Corain
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Montelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cozzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy. antonella.peruffo@unipd.it.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peruffo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000235:genetics*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D012333:RNA, Messenger