title: Ultrasound findings of the urinary tract in patients with spinal cord injury: a study of 1005 cases.
abstract: METHODS
  Retrospective chart review.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To document urinary tract abnormalities (UTAs) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to assess demographic and clinical features associated with UTA detected via ultrasound (US).
  
  
  METHODS
  Turkish Armed Forces Rehabilitation Center, Ankara, Turkey.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical and radiological records of all patients with SCI were screened. Variables in each patient with SCI, including age at the time of the US examination, gender, etiology, level and severity of SCI, time since injury, bladder management methods and findings of urinary tract US, were reviewed and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were obtained from 1005 patients during the 6-year study period (2008-2013). The mean age was 35.67 ± 14.79 years and the male-female ratio was 2.84:1. Trabeculated bladder (TB) was observed in 35.1% of the patients, bladder calculi in 6%, renal calculi in 6%, hydronephrosis in 5.5% and renal atrophy in 1.2%. Bladder calculi, renal calculi and renal atrophy were observed in patients with TB at higher rates than in those without TB (P = 0.001, 0.036 and 0.004, respectively). The association of TB with hydronephrosis was very close to significance level (P = 0.052).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A large number of SCI patients had UTAs including TB, renal and bladder calculi, hydronephrosis and renal atrophy. The time since injury, level and severity of SCI and bladder management method may influence development of UTA. In addition, TB may be a helpful parameter for predicting UTA in SCI patients.
authors.affiliation: Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Turkish Armed Forces Rehabilitation Center, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ü
authors.initials: Ü
authors.lastname: Güzelküçük
authors.affiliation: Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Turkish Armed Forces Rehabilitation Center, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.affiliation: Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Turkish Armed Forces Rehabilitation Center, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kesikburun
authors.affiliation: Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Turkish Armed Forces Rehabilitation Center, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aras
authors.affiliation: Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Turkish Armed Forces Rehabilitation Center, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yaşar
authors.affiliation: Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Turkish Armed Forces Rehabilitation Center, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D013997:Time Factors; D014421:Turkey; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult