title: Change in tear film characteristics in visual display terminal users.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate changes in symptoms and tear film characteristics in young computer users.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one computer users and 26 controls were evaluated at the beginning and the end of the working day. Subjects with ocular or systemic disease, history of ocular surgery, use of contact lenses or glasses with antireflective surfaces, and use of topical or systemic medications were excluded from the study. Computer use duration, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, tear osmolarity, Schirmer test, tear break-up time (TBUT), and ocular surface vital dye staining were performed prevocationally and postvocationally.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age was 31.2 ± 6.3 years in computer users and 33.7 ± 5.8 in controls. The mean reported computer use was 6.9 ± 2.7 hours/day in computer users and 0.4 ± 0.5 hours/day in controls. The mean prevocational and postvocational values in computer users for OSDI, osmolarity, TBUT, and Schirmer test were 23.2 ± 16.6 and 27.0 ± 17.6, 306.6 ± 14.9 and 311.0 ± 12.5 mOsm/L, 13.9 ± 4.0 and 13.2 ± 3.8 seconds, 22.7 ± 11.8 and 20.6 ± 12.5 mm, respectively. The vocational change was significant for all parameters in the computer user group but not in the control group. The osmolarity-based dry eye diagnosis was 27.4% in the computer users while it was 15.4% in the control group. Oxford score was only grade 1 in 5.9% of visual display terminal users and did not change at the end of the day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both symptoms and signs of dry eye increased significantly with computer use. Approximately 1 of every 3-4 computer users was found to have dry eye with higher tear osmolarity values.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Balikesir University Faculty of Medicine, Balikesir - Turkey.
authors.forename: Alper
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yazici
authors.forename: Esin S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Sari
authors.forename: Gozde
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.forename: Adil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kilic
authors.forename: Harun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cakmak
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ayar
authors.forename: Samet S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ermis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016288:Computer Terminals / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003261:Contact Lenses; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D009787:Occupational Medicine; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013666:Tears / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult