title: Isolating and using sections of bovine mesenteric artery and vein as a bioassay to test for vasoactivity in the small intestine.
abstract: Mammalian gastrointestinal systems are constantly exposed to compounds (desirable and undesirable) that can have an effect on blood flow to and from that system. Changes in blood flow to the small intestine can result in effects on the absorptive functions of the organ. Particular interest in toxins liberated from feedstuffs through fermentative and digestive processes has developed in ruminants as an area where productive efficiencies could be improved. The video associated with this article describes an in vitro bioassay developed to screen compounds for vasoactivity in isolated cross-sections of bovine mesenteric artery and vein using a multimyograph. Once the blood vessels are mounted and equilibrated in the myograph, the bioassay itself can be used: as a screening tool to evaluate the contractile response or vasoactivity of compounds of interest; determine the presence of receptor types by pharmacologically targeting receptors with specific agonists; determine the role of a receptor with the presence of one or more antagonists; or determine potential interactions of compounds of interest with antagonists. Through all of this, data are collected real-time, tissue collected from a single animal can be exposed to a large number of different experimental treatments (an in vitro advantage), and represents vasculature on either side of the capillary bed to provide an accurate picture of what could be happening in the afferent and efferent blood supply supporting the small intestine.
authors.affiliation: Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service; james.klotz@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Klotz
authors.affiliation: Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service.
authors.forename: Adam J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Barnes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods*; D004876:Ergot Alkaloids / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000098:blood supply*; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008642:Mesenteric Veins / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013152:Splanchnic Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D004876:Ergot Alkaloids