title: Physical activity during pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopment and IQ in the first 4 years of life.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Maternal physical activity during pregnancy could alter offspring's IQ and neurodevelopment in childhood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children belonging to a birth cohort were followed at 3, 12, 24 and 48 months of age. Physical activity during pregnancy was assessed retrospectively at birth. Neurodevelopment was evaluated by Battelle's Development Inventory (12, 24 and 48 months) and IQ by the Weschler's Intelligence Scale (48 months). Neurodevelopment was based on Battelles' (90th percentile) and also analyzed as a continuous outcome. IQ was analyzed as a continuous outcome. Potential confounders were: family income, mother's age, schooling, skin color, number of previous births and smoking; and newborns': preterm birth, sex and low birth weight.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From birth to 48 months, sample size decreased from 4231 to 3792. Crude analysis showed that IQ at 48 months was slightly higher (5 points) among children from active women. The Battelle's score at 12 and 24 months was higher among offspring from active mothers. After controlling for confounders, physical activity during pregnancy was positively associated to the Battelle's Inventory at 12 months IQ, however, at 48 months no association was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physical activity during pregnancy does not seem to impair children's neurodevelopment and children from active mothers presented better performance at 12 months.
authors.affiliation: Sports Department, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marlos R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Domingues
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matijasevich
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aluísio J D
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Iná S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bernardo L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Horta
authors.affiliation: Sports Department, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pedro C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hallal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007360:Intelligence; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult