title: Moderators of the efficacy of a psychosocial group intervention for children with chronic illness and their parents: what works for whom?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate psychosocial characteristics of children and parents as predictors and moderators of the effect of a group intervention for children with chronic illness and their parents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from a randomized controlled trial were used, including 194 children (8-18 years) who were assigned to a child-only intervention, a parent-child intervention, or a wait-list control group. Longitudinal multilevel regression analyses were used to test effects on change in parent and child reported internalizing and externalizing behavior problems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For children with a more disengaged coping style or lower self-worth and for children who experienced a more secure parent-child relationship, the parent-child intervention was more effective than the child-only intervention in reducing behavior problems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children who are more "at risk" appear to gain more from participating in an intervention, especially if their parents are involved as well. However, the benefit of parents' involvement may depend on the quality of the parent-child relationship.
authors.affiliation: Psychosocial Department, Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Children's Clinic/De Kinderkliniek, Almere, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen linde.scholten@amc.nl.
authors.forename: Linde
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scholten
authors.affiliation: Psychosocial Department, Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Children's Clinic/De Kinderkliniek, Almere, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Willemen
authors.affiliation: Psychosocial Department, Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Children's Clinic/De Kinderkliniek, Almere, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Napoleone
authors.affiliation: Psychosocial Department, Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Children's Clinic/De Kinderkliniek, Almere, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maurice-Stam
authors.affiliation: Psychosocial Department, Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Children's Clinic/De Kinderkliniek, Almere, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen Psychosocial Department, Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Children's Clinic/De Kinderkliniek, Almere, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen.
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Last
authors.affiliation: Psychosocial Department, Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Children's Clinic/De Kinderkliniek, Almere, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: van Dijk-Lokkart
authors.affiliation: Psychosocial Department, Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Children's Clinic/De Kinderkliniek, Almere, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zandbelt
authors.affiliation: Psychosocial Department, Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Children's Clinic/De Kinderkliniek, Almere, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ensink
authors.affiliation: Psychosocial Department, Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Children's Clinic/De Kinderkliniek, Almere, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Grootenhuis
authors.affiliation: Psychosocial Department, Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Children's Clinic/De Kinderkliniek, Almere, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schuengel
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group
keywords: chronic illness; coping; moderators; parenting stress; parent–child relationship; self-worth