title: Estimating the yin-yang nature of Western herbs: a potential tool based on antioxidation-oxidation theory.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One of the biggest obstacles to progress in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) development in Western countries is the difficulty of applying the traditional concepts to the Western medicinal plants, which are not traditionally described in ancient literature. During recent years, new advances in the field of understanding Yin/Yang aspects from a modern bioscientific point of view have led to the conclusion that antioxidationoxidation concepts might mirror a Yin-Yang relationship.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was intended to integrate the Yin-Yang theory of the traditional Chinese medicine with modern antioxidation-oxidation theory, and to propose a biochemical tool based on redox parameters (e.g. antioxidant capacity, chemiluminescence-CL signal inducing capacity), usable for the classification of Western medicinal plants from Yin/Yang perspective. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of six vegetal aqueous extracts (Symphitum officinalae (radix)-SYM, Inula helenium (radix)-INU, Calendula officinalis (flores)-CAL, Angelica arhanghelica (folium)ANG(F), Angelica arhanghelica (radix)-ANG(R), Ecbalium Elaterium (fruits)-ECB) and luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence of PMNL on addition of these vegetal extracts were measured. Percentages from the maximal or minimal values obtained were calculated for each extract (TEAC%, PMNL stimulation%, PMNL inhibition%, relative speed of action% (RSA%%)), specific Yin-Yang significance was assigned to each relative parameter. In the end, an integration of all the relative values was done, in order to find a global "Yin" or a "Yang" trait of each vegetal extract.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TEAC decreased in the following order: SYM > INU > CAL >ANG(F) > ANG(R > ECB. Three vegetal extracts (SYM > INU > ECB) decreased the luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence of PMNL, two (ANG(R) > ANG(F)) increased it, while one (CAL) had a dual effect. After the integration of the percentages, CAL was found to have a global "Yang" trait, while the rest of the plants had a global "Yin" trait.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TEAC% and PMNL inhibition% appears to correlate with the Yin properties of herbs, while PMNL stimulation% and RSA% might correlate with Yang aspects within the formal TCM classification system, and may be useful criteria in describing the Western herbs from a TCM point of view.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Dept., Faculty of General Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, B-dul " Eroilor Sanitari" nr.8, sector 6, code 76241, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Marilena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gilca
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Dept., Faculty of General Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, B-dul " Eroilor Sanitari" nr.8, sector 6, code 76241, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gaman
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Dept., Faculty of General Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, B-dul " Eroilor Sanitari" nr.8, sector 6, code 76241, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lixandru
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Dept., Faculty of General Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, B-dul " Eroilor Sanitari" nr.8, sector 6, code 76241, Bucharest, Romania ; R&D IRIST LABMED SRL, Str. Miraslau, nr. 24, sector 3, code 031235, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stoian
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification; D016709:Yin-Yang
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: TCM; TEAC; Yang; Yin; antioxidant; chemiluminescence; herbs