title: Directional benefit is present with audiovisual stimuli: limiting ceiling effects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Past research demonstrates that as the speech recognition performance of listeners fitted with omnidirectional hearing aids approaches maximum (ceiling), the benefit afforded by directional microphones is necessarily lessened. This effect could potentially eliminate the benefit provided by directional microphones in easier listening situations, such as environments with visual cues and favorable signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate directional benefit using auditory-visual stimuli in SNRs commonly found in the real world (ranging from +3 to +12 dB). In order to maximize the possibility of directional benefit, a bilateral beamformer was used, which functions as a highly directional microphone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sentence recognition was evaluated in three SNRs and in two levels of reverberation (low and moderate). For each SNR and reverberation combination, sentence recognition was evaluated using omnidirectional and bilateral beamformer microphone modes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 15 adults with hearing loss participated. Only listeners who had significant difficulty understanding speech in noise were included.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sentence recognition scores were evaluated using analysis of variance with three within-participant variables (SNR, reverb, microphone mode). Follow-up analyses were conducted using linear contrast while controlling for family-wise error rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RESULTS revealed significant bilateral beamformer benefit ranging from approximately 22-30 rationalized arcsine units (∼20-28 percentage points) in both low and moderate reverberation across all tested SNRs (+3 to +12 dB).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide support for the use of bilateral beamformers, even at relatively favorable SNRs and in the presence of visual cues, for listeners who demonstrate poor sentence recognition in noise.
authors.affiliation: JFK Johnson Rehabilitation Institute, Edison, NJ.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aspell
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Picou
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ricketts