title: Determination of total cadmium, lead, arsenic, mercury and inorganic arsenic in mushrooms: outcome of IMEP-116 and IMEP-39.
abstract: The Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM) of the Joint Research Centre (JRC), a Directorate General of the European Commission, operates the International Measurement Evaluation Program (IMEP). IMEP organises inter-laboratory comparisons in support of European Union policies. This paper presents the results of two proficiency tests (PTs): IMEP-116 and IMEP-39, organised for the determination of total Cd, Pb, As, Hg and inorganic As (iAs) in mushrooms. Participation in IMEP-116 was restricted to National Reference Laboratories (NRLs) officially appointed by national authorities in European Union member states. IMEP-39 was open to all other laboratories wishing to participate. Thirty-seven participants from 25 countries reported results in IMEP-116, and 62 laboratories from 36 countries reported for the IMEP-39 study. Both PTs were organised in support to Regulation (EC) No. 1881/2006, which sets the maximum levels for certain contaminants in food. The test item used in both PTs was a blend of mushrooms of the variety shiitake (Lentinula edodes). Five laboratories, with demonstrated measurement capability in the field, provided results to establish the assigned values (Xref). The standard uncertainties associated to the assigned values (uref) were calculated by combining the uncertainty of the characterisation (uchar) with a contribution for homogeneity (ubb) and for stability (ust), whilst uchar was calculated following ISO 13528. Laboratory results were rated with z- and zeta (ζ)-scores in accordance with ISO 13528. The standard deviation for proficiency assessment, σp, ranged from 10% to 20% depending on the analyte. The percentage of satisfactory z-scores ranged from 81% (iAs) to 97% (total Cd) in IMEP-116 and from 64% (iAs) to 84% (total Hg) in IMEP-39.
authors.affiliation: a European Commission, Joint Research Centre , Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements , Geel , Belgium.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cordeiro
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Llorente-Mirandes
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: López-Sánchez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rubio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sánchez Agullo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Raber
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Scharf
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vélez
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Devesa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fiamegos
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Emteborg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seghers
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Robouch
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: de la Calle
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005062:European Union; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D059021:Laboratory Proficiency Testing / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis*; D015588:Observer Variation; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020942:Shiitake Mushrooms / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D008628:Mercury; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: inorganic arsenic; mushrooms; proficiency test; trace elements