title: Sexual transfer of the steroid hormone 20E induces the postmating switch in Anopheles gambiae.
abstract: Female insects generally mate multiple times during their lives. A notable exception is the female malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae, which after sex loses her susceptibility to further copulation. Sex in this species also renders females competent to lay eggs developed after blood feeding. Despite intense research efforts, the identity of the molecular triggers that cause the postmating switch in females, inducing a permanent refractoriness to further mating and triggering egg-laying, remains elusive. Here we show that the male-transferred steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) is a key regulator of monandry and oviposition in An. gambiae. When sexual transfer of 20E is impaired by partial inactivation of the hormone and inhibition of its biosynthesis in males, oviposition and refractoriness to further mating in the female are strongly reduced. Conversely, mimicking sexual delivery by injecting 20E into virgin females switches them to an artificial mated status, triggering egg-laying and reducing susceptibility to copulation. Sexual transfer of 20E appears to incapacitate females physically from receiving seminal fluids by a second male. Comparative analysis of microarray data from females after mating and after 20E treatment indicates that 20E-regulated molecular pathways likely are implicated in the postmating switch, including cytoskeleton and musculature-associated genes that may render the atrium impenetrable to additional mates. By revealing signals and pathways shaping key processes in the An. gambiae reproductive biology, our data offer new opportunities for the control of natural populations of malaria vectors.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06100, Italy;
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gabrieli
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06100, Italy; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115; and.
authors.forename: Evdoxia G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Kakani
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115; and Department of Life Sciences and.
authors.forename: Sara N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06100, Italy;
authors.forename: Enzo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mameli
authors.affiliation: Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Want
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences and.
authors.forename: Ainhoa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mariezcurrena Anton
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06100, Italy;
authors.forename: Aurelio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serrao
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06100, Italy; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115; and.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baldini
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06100, Italy; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115; and Department of Life Sciences and fcatter@hsph.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Flaminia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Catteruccia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000502:physiology*; D003307:Copulation; D004441:Ecdysterone / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D017344:Genes, Insect; D007267:Injections; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000502:physiology; D008288:Malaria / Q000635:transmission; D008297:Male; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010058:Oviposition / Q000502:physiology; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D004441:Ecdysterone
keywords: ecdysone; hormone; malaria; mosquito; reproduction