title: Tumor-associated macrophages in stage IIIA pN2 non-small cell lung cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Most of the patients with stage IIIA pN2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) develop recurrence after surgery. It is not clear whether post neoadjuvant chemotherapy tumor-associated macrophages is associated with recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stage IIIA pN2 NSCLC patients underwent cisplatin/docetaxel neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery were retrospectively enrolled. Immunohistochemical staining of CD68 was used to identify macrophages in surgical resected stored tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The objective response rate of cisplatin/docetaxel was 68%, overall median disease-free survival (DFS) was 13.1 months and median overall survival (OS) 36.8. months. Multiple Cox regression analysis showed low total macrophage numbers and mediastinal lymph nodes downstaging were independent factors for longer DFS, whereas high islet/stromal macrophages ratio was an independent facto for OS. In patients downstaged to pN0, low total macrophage numbers was also associated with longer DFS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low total macrophage number is an independent factor for better DFS in pN2 stage IIIA NSCLC patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgical resection, which association was kept in those downstaged to pN0. Further studies are warrant to confirm the predictive role of TAMs and their potential causative role in tumor recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University Taipei, Taiwan ; Graduate Institue of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Taoyuan, Taiwan ; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Po-Hao
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Linko Branch Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Teng
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chin-Yang
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Linko Branch Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Meng-Jung
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-Hwa
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Medical Fundation, Linko Branch Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Liang-Shun
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Linko Branch Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shu-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institue of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jen-Fen
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University Taipei, Taiwan ; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kang-Yun
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tzung-Hai
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Yen
keywords: Lung cancer biology; immunochemistry; immunology