title: EQ-5D in skin conditions: an assessment of validity and responsiveness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This systematic literature review aims to assess the reliability, validity and responsiveness of three widely used generic preference-based measures of health-related quality of life (HRQL), i.e., EQ-5D, Health Utility Index 3 (HUI3) and SF-6D in patients with skin conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic search was conducted to identify studies reporting health state utility values obtained using EQ-5D, SF-6D, or HUI3 alongside other HRQL measures or clinical indices for patients with skin conditions. Data on test-retest analysis for reliability, known group differences or correlation and regression analyses for validity, and change over time or responsiveness indices analysis were extracted and reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 16 papers reporting EQ-5D utilities in people with skin conditions were included in the final review. No papers for SF-6D and HUI3 were found. Evidence of reliability was not found for any of these measures. The majority of studies included in the review (12 out of 16) examined patients with plaque psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis and the remaining four studies examined patients with either acne, hidradenitis suppurativa, hand eczema, or venous leg ulcers. The findings were generally positive in terms of performance of EQ-5D. Six studies showed that EQ-5D was able to reflect differences between severity groups and only one reported differences that were not statistically significant. Four studies found that EQ-5D detected differences between patients and the general population, and differences were statistically different for three of them. Further, moderate-to-strong correlation coefficients were found between EQ-5D and other skin-specific HRQL measures in four studies. Eight studies showed that EQ-5D was able to detect change in HRQL appropriately over time and the changes were statistically significant in seven studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, the validity and responsiveness of the EQ-5D was found to be good in people with skin diseases, especially plaque psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis. No evidence on SF-6D and HUI3 was available to enable any judgments to be made on their performance.
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, New Radcliffe House, Walton Street, Oxford, OX2 6NW, UK. yaling.yang@phc.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Yaling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brazier
authors.affiliation: Health Economics Research Group, Brunel University, Middlesex, UK.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Longworth
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D057240:Patient Preference; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: EQ-5D; Responsiveness; Skin conditions; Validity