title: Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase downregulation promotes colon carcinogenesis through STAT3-activated microRNAs.
abstract: Growing evidence supports a link between inflammation and cancer; however, mediators of the transition between inflammation and carcinogenesis remain incompletely understood. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) lyase (SPL) irreversibly degrades the bioactive sphingolipid S1P and is highly expressed in enterocytes but downregulated in colon cancer. Here, we investigated the role of SPL in colitis-associated cancer (CAC). We generated mice with intestinal epithelium-specific Sgpl1 deletion and chemically induced colitis and tumor formation in these animals. Compared with control animals, mice lacking intestinal SPL exhibited greater disease activity, colon shortening, cytokine levels, S1P accumulation, tumors, STAT3 activation, STAT3-activated microRNAs (miRNAs), and suppression of miR-targeted anti-oncogene products. This phenotype was attenuated by STAT3 inhibition. In fibroblasts, silencing SPL promoted tumorigenic transformation through a pathway involving extracellular transport of S1P through S1P transporter spinster homolog 2 (SPNS2), S1P receptor activation, JAK2/STAT3-dependent miR-181b-1 induction, and silencing of miR-181b-1 target cylindromatosis (CYLD). Colon biopsies from patients with inflammatory bowel disease revealed enhanced S1P and STAT3 signaling. In mice with chemical-induced CAC, oral administration of plant-type sphingolipids called sphingadienes increased colonic SPL levels and reduced S1P levels, STAT3 signaling, cytokine levels, and tumorigenesis, indicating that SPL prevents transformation and carcinogenesis. Together, our results suggest that dietary sphingolipids can augment or prevent colon cancer, depending upon whether they are metabolized to S1P or promote S1P metabolism through the actions of SPL.
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Degagné
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pandurangan
authors.forename: Padmavathi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bandhuvula
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Abeer
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eltanawy
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshinaga
authors.forename: Mikhail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nefedov
authors.forename: Pieter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: Loren G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: Stephen G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bittman
authors.forename: Yasmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ahmedi
authors.forename: Julie D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Saba
mesh_terms: D000446:Aldehyde-Lyases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D027321:Anion Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001706:Biopsy; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D027321:Anion Transport Proteins; D008246:Lysophospholipids; C540193:MIrn181 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; C572630:Spns2 protein, mouse; C494087:Stat3 protein, mouse; C529100:mirn181 microRNA, mouse; C060506:sphingosine 1-phosphate; D000446:Aldehyde-Lyases; C022649:sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase (aldolase); D013110:Sphingosine