title: Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma of the head and neck: Case series and update.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma (HCCC) is a rare neoplasm of salivary gland origin which is low-grade in nature. In this series, we report on 9 cases of HCCC and update the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive literature search was performed. Our institutional database was queried for cases of HCCC. Pathology reports and slides were reviewed. Data was extracted, including demographics, staging, primary treatment, histopathologic findings, recurrence, and disease status. Statistical analysis was performed using a Pearson's chi-square test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred thirty-six total cases were included for analysis. The overall recurrence rate was 19.8%. Necrosis was associated with risk of recurrence (p = .003). Positive margins and lymph node status were associated with risk of recurrence. Prognosis was good with only 3 of 82 patients reported dying with disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HCCC has an overall good prognosis with potential for aggressive behavior. The presence of necrosis, locoregional disease, or positive margins is associated with risk for recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: W Greer
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Albergotti
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Bilodeau
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: J Kenneth
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Byrd
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Texas - Houston, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Mark M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mims
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Stella
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Seungwon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D018262:Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy
keywords: EWSR1; clear cell carcinoma; head and neck cancer; hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma; salivary gland cancer