title: The RAFT Telemedicine Network: Lessons Learnt and Perspectives from a Decade of Educational and Clinical Services in Low- and Middle-Incomes Countries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objectives of this paper are to (i) provide an overview of the educational and clinical experiences of the Réseau en Afrique Francophone pour la Télémédecine (RAFT) network, (ii) analyze key challenges and lessons learnt throughout a decade of activity, and (iii) draw a vision and perspectives of its sustainability.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out following three main stages: (i) a literature review, (ii) the analysis of key documents, and (iii) discussions with key collaborators of the RAFT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Réseau en Afrique Francophone pour la Télémédecine has been offering an important quantity of educational, clinical, and public health activities during the last decade. The educational activities include the weekly delivery of video-lectures for continuing and post-graduate medical education, the use of virtual patients for training in clinical decision making, research training activities using ICTs and other e-learning activities. The clinical and public health activities include tele-expertise to support health professionals in the management of difficult clinical cases, the implementation of clinical information systems in African hospitals, the deployment of mHealth projects, etc. Since 2010, the RAFT has been extended to the Altiplano in Bolivia and Nepal (in progress). Lessons Learnt and Perspectives: Important lessons have been learnt from the accumulated experiences throughout these years. These lessons concern: social and organization, human resources, technologies and data security, policy and legislation, and economy and financing. Also, given the increase of the activities and the integration of eHealth and telemedicine in the health system of most of the countries, the RAFT network faces many other challenges and perspectives such as learning throughout life, recognition, and valorization of teaching or learning activities, the impact evaluation of interventions, and the scaling up and transferability out of Africa of RAFT activities. Based on the RAFT experience, effective integration and optimum use of eHealth and telemedicine in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) health systems should take into account the context (resources, infrastructure, and funding), the needs of key stakeholders, and the results derived from theoretical and practical experience. The relevant items highlighted to illustrate the sustainability of the RAFT network and the analyses performed in this study, should serve as discussion basis for the development of eHealth and telemedicine in LMICs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bediang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perrin
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ruiz de Castañeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Yannick
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamga
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sawadogo
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Cheick Oumar
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Bagayoko
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Geissbuhler
keywords: Africa; eHealth; low and middle income countries; telemedicine; telemedicine network