title: Admission glycaemia and its association with acute coronary syndrome in Emergency Department patients with chest pain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aims to evaluate admission blood glucose level (BGL) in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) as a risk factor for a major adverse cardiac event (MACE) on presentation and up to 30 days post discharge. Admission BGL is a prognostic indicator in patients with confirmed acute coronary syndrome (ACS). It is unclear if admission BGL improves the diagnosis and stratification of patients presenting to the ED with suspected ACS.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is an analysis of data collected from a prospective observational study. The study population consisted of ED patients from Brisbane, Australia and Christchurch, New Zealand. Patients were enrolled between November 2007 and February 2011. Admission BGL was taken as part of routine admission blood with fasting status unknown. The primary end point for this study was a MACE at presentation and up to 30 days post discharge. Logistic regression analyses examined the relationship between admission hyperglycaemia and MACE. A hyperglycaemic threshold of 7 mmol/L was chosen based on WHO standards.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1708 patients were eligible. A MACE was identified in 336 patients (19.7%) within 30 days. Of these 98 had confirmed unstable angina and 232 had non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. Hyperglycaemia was identified in 476 (27.9%) patients with 147 (30.9%) having a MACE. Admission BGL >7 mmol/L was demonstrated as an independent predictor of a MACE (OR1.51 CI 1.06 to 2.14). Gender, age, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, family history, ischaemic ECG and positive troponin remained important factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Admission BGL is an independent risk factor for a MACE in patients with suspected ACS. Hyperglycaemia should be considered a risk factor for MACEs and consideration be given to its inclusion in existing diagnostic tools.
authors.affiliation: Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Logan S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.affiliation: Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Sallyanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nguyen-Pham
authors.affiliation: Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia School of Public Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Jaimi H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Greenslade
authors.affiliation: Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Parsonage
authors.affiliation: Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Emden
authors.affiliation: Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Than
authors.affiliation: Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aldous
authors.affiliation: Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia School of Public Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cullen
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001315:Australia; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000097:blood*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood; D009520:New Zealand; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: acute coronary syndrome