title: Virulence determinants in the PB2 gene of a mouse-adapted H9N2 virus.
abstract: The molecular bases of adaptation and pathogenicity of H9N2 influenza virus in mammals are largely unknown. Here, we show that a mouse-adapted PB2 gene with a phenylalanine-to-leucine mutation (F404L) mainly contributes to enhanced polymerase activity, replication, and pathogenicity of H9N2 in mice and also increases the virulence of the H5N1 and 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza viruses. Therefore, we defined a novel pathogenic determinant, providing further insights into the pathogenesis of influenza viruses in mammals.
authors.affiliation: Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qingtao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Junqing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yuxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hongzhi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qunhui
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jingjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoquan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shunlin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiaowen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China xfliu@yzu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiufan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000220:Adaptation, Biological; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity; D053127:Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000821:virology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014774:Virulence; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: C502893:PB2 protein, influenza virus; D014764:Viral Proteins; D037521:Virulence Factors