title: Preservative activity of lavender hydrosols in moisturizing body gels.
abstract: The study was undertaken to verify the antimicrobial activity of Lavandula angustifolia hydrosols in moisturizing body gels. The inhibition efficacy of four lavender hydrosols (obtained from fresh or dry herbs or flowers) was tested against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 1627, Candida sp. ŁOCK 0008 and Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404 in compliance with the standards of the European Pharmacopoeia Commission. Although the tested hydrosols did not express any remarkable antimicrobial action when tested via the macrodilution method, they show preservative activity in cosmetic preparations. Criterion A for fungi was fulfilled for the cosmetic formulation containing dried flower hydrosol (reduction of the inoculum by two logarithmic units within 14 days with no increase up to the 28th day) and Criterion B for bacteria E. coli and Staph. aureus (reduction of the inoculum by three logarithmic units within 14 days with no increase up to the 28th day). The fresh herb lavender hydrosol in the cosmetic formulation was regarded as the second one effectively satisfying Criterion B for bacteria, but its activity against fungi was below the acceptance value set out in the official regulations. Lavender hydrosols used as a replacement for water phase in cosmetics may contribute to maintaining microbiological stability of cosmetic formulations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presented research proved antimicrobial activity of hydrosols obtained from fresh or dried Lavandula angustifolia herbs or flowers in moisturizing body gel. The study shows the usefulness of lavender hydrosols as a natural, ecologically friendly component of cosmetics with potential preservative activity in formulations. Hydrosols are commonly regarded as waste in the production of essential oils. The use of lavender hydrosols in the cosmetic industry as a replacement for water phase in cosmetics may not only result in expenses reduction for chemical stabilizers and preservatives but also in substantial decrease in sewage disposal.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences Department, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kunicka-Styczyńska
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Śmigielski
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prusinowska
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rajkowska
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kuśmider
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sikora
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000187:drug effects; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects; D003358:Cosmetics; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects*; D005782:Gels; D027523:Lavandula / Q000737:chemistry*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D003358:Cosmetics; D005782:Gels; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical
keywords: antimicrobial activity; challenge test; cosmetic formulations; hydrosols; preservative