title: Relative deprivation, poverty, and subjective health: JAGES cross-sectional study.
abstract: To evaluate the association between relative deprivation (lacking daily necessities) and subjective health in older Japanese adults, we performed a cross-sectional analysis using data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES). The data were obtained from functionally independent residents aged ≥65 years from 24 municipalities in Japan (n = 24,742). Thirteen items in three dimensions were used to evaluate relative deprivation of material conditions. Approximately 28% of older Japanese people indicated that they lacked some daily necessities (non-monetary poverty). A two-level Poisson regression analysis revealed that relative deprivation was associated with poor self-rated health (PR = 1.3-1.5) and depressive symptoms (PR = 1.5-1.8) in both men and women, and these relationships were stronger than those observed in people living in relative poverty (monetary poverty). The interaction effect between relative deprivation and relative poverty was not associated with poor health. As a dimension of the social determinants of health, poverty should be evaluated from a multidimensional approach, capturing not only monetary conditions but also material-based, non-monetary conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Welfare, Nihon Fukushi University, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashige
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Center for Preventive Medical Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Economics and Epidemiology Research, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Empirical Social Security Research, National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ojima
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Studies, Aichi Gakuin University, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Kayo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D059026:Diagnostic Self Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005853:Geriatrics / Q000379:methods; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D011203:Poverty; D012923:Social Class; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome