title: Disease Ontology 2015 update: an expanded and updated database of human diseases for linking biomedical knowledge through disease data.
abstract: The current version of the Human Disease Ontology (DO) (http://www.disease-ontology.org) database expands the utility of the ontology for the examination and comparison of genetic variation, phenotype, protein, drug and epitope data through the lens of human disease. DO is a biomedical resource of standardized common and rare disease concepts with stable identifiers organized by disease etiology. The content of DO has had 192 revisions since 2012, including the addition of 760 terms. Thirty-two percent of all terms now include definitions. DO has expanded the number and diversity of research communities and community members by 50+ during the past two years. These community members actively submit term requests, coordinate biomedical resource disease representation and provide expert curation guidance. Since the DO 2012 NAR paper, there have been hundreds of term requests and a steady increase in the number of DO listserv members, twitter followers and DO website usage. DO is moving to a multi-editor model utilizing Protégé to curate DO in web ontology language. This will enable closer collaboration with the Human Phenotype Ontology, EBI's Ontology Working Group, Mouse Genome Informatics and the Monarch Initiative among others, and enhance DO's current asserted view and multiple inferred views through reasoning.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
authors.forename: Warren A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Kibbe
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
authors.forename: Cesar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arze
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Felix
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mitraka
authors.affiliation: PubChem, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health Department of Health and Human Services 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
authors.forename: Evan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bolton
authors.affiliation: PubChem, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health Department of Health and Human Services 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Genomics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Mungall
authors.affiliation: Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, 69117, Germany Bioinformatics Core Facility, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, 4362, Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Janos X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.affiliation: European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malone
authors.affiliation: European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.
authors.forename: Drashtti
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vasant
authors.affiliation: European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Parkinson
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA lschriml@som.umaryland.edu.
authors.forename: Lynn M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Schriml
mesh_terms: D064229:Biological Ontologies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004194:Disease; D030342:Genetic Diseases, Inborn; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D035583:Rare Diseases / Q000235:genetics