title: Probiotics and virulent human rotavirus modulate the transplanted human gut microbiota in gnotobiotic pigs.
abstract: We generated a neonatal pig model with human infant gut microbiota (HGM) to study the effect of a probiotic on the composition of the transplanted microbiota following rotavirus vaccination and challenge. All the HGM-transplanted pigs received two doses of an oral attenuated rotavirus vaccine. The gut microbiota of vaccinated pigs were investigated for effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) supplement and homotypic virulent human rotavirus (HRV) challenge. High-throughput sequencing of V4 region of 16S rRNA genes demonstrated that HGM-transplanted pigs carried microbiota similar to that of the C-section delivered baby. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria represented over 98% of total bacteria in the human donor and the recipient pigs. HRV challenge caused a phylum-level shift from Firmicutes to Proteobacteria. LGG supplement prevented the changes in microbial communities caused by HRV challenge. In particular, members of Enterococcus in LGG-supplemented pigs were kept at the baseline level, while they were enriched in HRV challenged pigs. Taken together, our results suggested that HGM pigs are valuable for testing the microbiota's response to probiotic interventions for treating infantile HRV infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Husen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061, VA, USA ; College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shepherd
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Guohua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Xingdong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kocher
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Ernawati
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giri-Rachman
authors.affiliation: Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Blacksburg 24061, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dickerman
authors.affiliation: Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Blacksburg 24061, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Settlage
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yuan
keywords: Gnotobiotic pigs; Lactobacillus; Microbiota; Probiotics; Rotavirus; Vaccine