title: A comparison of slice characteristics and sensory characteristics of bacon from immunologically castrated barrows with bacon from physically castrated barrows, boars, and gilts.
abstract: The objectives were to compare slice characteristics and sensory attributes of bacon from immunologically castrated (IC) barrows with bacon from other sexes using a trained sensory panel. Bacon was obtained for sensory evaluation from 3 experiments. In Exp. 1, trimmed and squared bellies (n=180) of IC barrows, IC barrows fed ractopamine hydrochloride (IC+RAC), physically castrated (PC) barrows, intact males (IM), and gilts were used. Data were analyzed as a general linear mixed model and pen (n=48) served as the experimental unit. Treatment (sex or diet) was a fixed effect in all 3 experiments. In Exp. 2, untrimmed, natural fall bellies (n=96) from IC and PC barrows fed 0 or 30% or a withdrawal distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) program when slaughtered at 5 wk after the second dose (25 wk of age) were used. In Exp. 3, untrimmed, natural fall bellies (n=96) from IC and PC barrows fed the same experimental diets as in experiment 2 but slaughtered at 7 wk after the second dose (27 wk of age) were used. Data from Exp. 2 and 3 were analyzed as a 2×3 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design and pen was the experimental unit. Bellies from all 3 experiments were processed using the same protocols. In Exp. 1, IM had the greatest (P<0.0001) boar aroma and flavor scores among all treatments. No differences were detected among the other treatment groups for boar aroma or flavor. Intact males had the least (P<0.0001) desirable cured bacon aroma and flavor among all treatments. No differences were detected among the other treatment groups for bacon aroma or flavor. There were no differences in bacon aroma or off-flavor between IC and PC barrows slaughtered at 5 wk after the second dose regardless of DDGS feeding program. Bacon from PC barrows was saltier (P<0.01) than bacon from IC barrows when slaughtered at 5 wk after the second dose. There were no differences in bacon aroma, off-aroma, bacon flavor, or saltiness between IC and PC barrows slaughtered at 7 wk after the second dose regardless of DDGS feeding program. Total slice area of bacon slices from IC barrows slaughtered at 5 wk after the second dose were less (P<0.01) than PC barrows, but the differences diminished (P=0.16) when slaughtered at 7 wk after the second dose. Overall, panelists successfully detected boar odor and flavor in Exp. 1. Immunological castration was as effective as physical castration at eliminating boar aroma and boar flavor in bacon even when feeding differing DDGS feeding programs or when slaughtered at 5 or 7 wk after the second dose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Little
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kyle
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210.
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Bohrer
authors.affiliation: Zoetis, Kalamazoo, MI 49009.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames 50010.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Fedler
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames 50010.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Prusa
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210 dboler2@illinois.edu.
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Boler
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D019649:Food Industry / Q000379:methods*; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000592:standards*; D008461:Meat Products / Q000592:standards*; D009919:Orchiectomy / Q000379:methods*; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D012737:Sex Factors; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D013649:Taste
chemical_list: D006133:Growth Substances; D010627:Phenethylamines; C060897:ractopamine
keywords: Improvest; bacon; distillers grains; immunological castration; sensory