title: Early endothelial damage detected by circulating particles in baboons fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates in conjunction with saturated or unsaturated fat.
abstract: Studies have shown that high-fat diets cause blood vessel damage, however, assessing pathological effects accurately and efficiently is difficult. In this study, we measured particle levels of static endothelium (CD31+ and CD105+) and activated endothelium (CD62E+, CD54+ and CD106+) in plasma. We determined individual responses to two dietary regimens in two groups of baboons. One group (n = 10), was fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates and saturated fats (the HSF diet) and the other (n = 8) received a diet high in simple carbohydrates and unsaturated fats (the HUF diet). Plasma samples were collected at 0, 3, and 7 weeks. The percentages of CD31+ and CD62E+ particles were elevated at 3 weeks in animals fed either diet, but these elevations were statistically significant only in animals fed the HUF diet. Surprisingly, both percentages and counts of CD31+ particles were significantly lower at week 7 compared to week 0 and 3 in the HSF group. The median absolute counts of CD105+ particles were progressively elevated over time in the HSF group with a significant increase from week 0 to 7; the pattern was somewhat different for the HUF group with significant increase from week 3 to 7. The counts of CD54+ particles exhibited wide variation in both groups during the dietary challenge, while the median counts of CD106+ particles were significantly lower at week 3 than at week 0 and week 7. Endothelial particles exhibited time-dependent changes, suggesting they were behaving as quantifiable surrogates for the early detection of vascular damage caused by dietary factors.
authors.affiliation: Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA ; Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA ; Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA.
authors.forename: Vida
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hodara
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York, NY 13210, USA.
authors.forename: Qinghe
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
authors.forename: V Saroja
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Voruganti
authors.affiliation: Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
authors.forename: Joel E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Michalek
authors.affiliation: Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA ; Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Comuzzie
authors.affiliation: Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA ; Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA.
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: VandeBerg
keywords: Circulating endothelial particles; biomarkers; dietary challenge; nonhuman primate model; vascular damage