title: Cortical parvalbumin and somatostatin GABA neurons express distinct endogenous modulators of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inhibition from GABAergic interneurons in brain circuits is a critical component of cognitive function. This inhibition is regulated through a diverse network of neuromodulation. A number of recent studies suggest that one of the major regulators of interneuron function is nicotinic acetylcholinergic transmission and dysregulation of both systems is common in psychiatric conditions. However, how nicotinic modulation impacts specific subpopulations of diverse GABAergic interneurons remains in question. One potential way of conferring specificity to the convergence of GABAergic and nicotinic signaling is through the expression of a unique family of nicotinic acetycholine receptor modulators, the Lynx family. The present study sought to identify members of the Lynx family enriched in cortical interneurons and to elucidate subpopulations of GABAergic neurons that express unique nicotinic modulators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We utilize double fluorescence in situ hybridization to examine the interneuronal expression of the Lynx family in adult mouse visual cortex. We find that two of the Lynx family members, Lynx1 and Lypd6, are enriched in interneuron populations in cortex. Nearly all parvalbumin interneurons express Lynx1 but we did not detect Lypd6 in this population. Conversely, in somatostatin interneurons Lypd6 was found in a subset localized to deep cortical layers but no somatostatin neurons show detectable levels of Lynx1. Using a combination of genetic and viral manipulations we further show that a subpopulation of deep-layer cortico-cortical long-range somatostatin neurons also express Lypd6.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work shows that distinct subpopulations of GABAergic interneurons express unique Lynx family members. The pattern of expression of Lynx family members within interneurons places them in a unique position to potentially regulate the convergence of GABAergic and nicotinic systems, dysfunction of which are characteristic of psychiatric disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY, 10029, USA. michael.demars@mssm.edu.|Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. michael.demars@mssm.edu.|Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. michael.demars@mssm.edu.|Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. michael.demars@mssm.edu.|Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. michael.demars@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Demars
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY, 10029, USA. hirofumi.morishita@mssm.edu.|Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. hirofumi.morishita@mssm.edu.|Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. hirofumi.morishita@mssm.edu.|Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. hirofumi.morishita@mssm.edu.|Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. hirofumi.morishita@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morishita
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D059330:GABAergic Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D007395:Interneurons; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D010320:Parvalbumins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000378:metabolism*; D044406:Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3 / Q000378:metabolism; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; C120222:Lynx1 protein, mouse; C545054:Lypd6 protein, mouse; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D010320:Parvalbumins; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D044406:Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D013004:Somatostatin