title: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of ceftaroline fosamil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ceftaroline fosamil is a 5th generation cephalosporin with an in vitro spectrum of activity including Streptococcus agalactiae, penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella oxytoca, K. pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis. It is currently approved by the FDA for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review covers the mechanism of action; bacterial resistance; pharmacokinetic characteristics in various patient populations; pharmacodynamic data in animal and in vitro models as well as human studies; efficacy observed in clinical trials for ABSSSI and CABP; and adverse effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ceftaroline provides in vitro bactericidal activity against methicillin-, vancomycin-, daptomycin-, and linezolid-resistant Gram-positive organisms and select Gram-negative pathogens. The pharmacodynamics of ceftaroline is similar to other β-lactam agents. Ceftaroline exhibits a favorable adverse effect profile and is generally well tolerated. There is little data on clinical success of ceftaroline in patients with bacteremia or endocarditis other than what has been published in a small series of case reports. Randomized-control studies are needed to establish clinical outcomes and safety in these patient populations.
authors.affiliation: HIV PGY2 Resident,University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, 60612 , USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Merker
authors.forename: Larry H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Danziger
authors.forename: Keith A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Rodvold
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Glowacki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000097583:Ceftaroline
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; D000097583:Ceftaroline
keywords: acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections; antibiotic resistance; ceftaroline; community-acquired bacterial pneumonia; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus