title: Diet, society, and economy in late medieval Spain: stable isotope evidence from Muslims and Christians from Gandía, Valencia.
abstract: This article investigates the diets of neighboring Christians and Muslims in late medieval Spain (here 13th-16th centuries) through the analysis of the stable isotopes of carbon (δ(13) C) and nitrogen (δ(15) N) in adult human and animal bone collagen. Twenty-four Christians and 20 Muslims are sampled from two adjacent and contemporaneous settlements in the township of Gandía on the Mediterranean coast, together with the remains of 24 animals. Statistical differences in both δ(13) C and δ(15) N reveal that the diets of the two faith communities differed, despite living side-by-side. These differences may relate to inequalities in their access to foodstuffs, particularly to C3 /C4 grain and/or possibly terrestrial meat sources, though cultural preferences are also highlighted. Isotopic values for animals were also found to vary widely, both between and within species, and this provides a window into the local livestock economy.
authors.affiliation: BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK.
authors.forename: Michelle M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gerrard
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Millard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000885:Anthropology, Physical; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000032:analysis; D002415:Cats; D002417:Cattle; D002645:Chickens; D002835:Christianity / Q000266:history*; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry; D004032:Diet / Q000266:history*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans; D007514:Islam / Q000266:history*; D008297:Male; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes / Q000032:analysis; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D003094:Collagen
keywords: C4 plants; Islamic; Mediterranean; collagen; faith