title: Unravelling the multilayer growth of the fullerene C60 in real time.
abstract: Molecular semiconductors are increasingly used in devices, but understanding of elementary nanoscopic processes in molecular film growth is in its infancy. Here we use real-time in situ specular and diffuse X-ray scattering in combination with kinetic Monte Carlo simulations to study C60 nucleation and multilayer growth. We determine a self-consistent set of energy parameters describing both intra- and interlayer diffusion processes in C60 growth. This approach yields an effective Ehrlich-Schwoebel barrier of EES=110 meV, diffusion barrier of ED=540 meV and binding energy of EB=130 meV. Analysing the particle-resolved dynamics, we find that the lateral diffusion is similar to colloids, but characterized by an atom-like Schwoebel barrier. Our results contribute to a fundamental understanding of molecular growth processes in a system, which forms an important intermediate case between atoms and colloids.
authors.affiliation: 1] Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany [2] Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bommel
authors.affiliation: Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kleppmann
authors.affiliation: Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Spranger
authors.affiliation: Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.affiliation: Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Novak
authors.affiliation: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.affiliation: Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.affiliation: Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: S H L
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Klapp
authors.affiliation: Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kowarik