title: Post-traumatic growth, stressful life events, and relationships with substance use behaviors among alternative high school students: a prospective study.
abstract: A highly stressful life event (SLE) can elicit positive psychosocial growth, referred to as post-traumatic growth (PTG) among youth. We examined PTG and the number of SLEs for their influence on substance use behaviours among a sample of older, diverse alternative high school students participating in a drug prevention programme (n=564; mean age=16.8; 49% female; 65% Hispanic). Surveys assessed PTG, SLEs and substance use behaviours at the two-year follow-up. Multilevel regression models were run to examine the effect of PTG and the number of SLEs on frequency of substance use at the two-year follow-up, controlling for baseline substance use, sociodemographic variables, peer substance use, attrition propensity and treatment group. Greater PTG scores were associated with lower frequencies of alcohol use, getting drunk on alcohol, binge drinking, marijuana use and less substance abuse at the two-year follow-up, but not associated with cigarette or hard drug use. Also, PTG did not moderate the relationship between cumulative number of SLEs and substance use behaviours, rather PTG appears to be protective against negative effects of a single, life-altering SLE. Fostering PTG from a particularly poignant SLE may be useful for prevention programmes targeting alcohol, marijuana and substance abuse behaviours among high-risk youth.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Thalida E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Arpawong
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sussman
authors.forename: Joel E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Milam
authors.forename: Jennifer B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Unger
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Land
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Louise A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Rohrbach
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008385:Marijuana Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D055361:Multilevel Analysis; D010379:Peer Group; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: high-risk; older youth; posttraumatic growth; stressful life events; substance use