title: Ameliorating effect of quercetin on acute pentylenetetrazole induced seizures in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study to elicit effects of pure quercetin in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and picrotoxin induced seizures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each animal group was divided into six groups and composed of six rats. Rats were assigned to the following experiments and groups (G): (G1) PTZ 45 mg/kg + DMSO; (G2) PTZ 45 mg/kg + 5 mg/kg quercetin; (G3) PTZ 45 mg/kg + 10 mg/kg quercetin; (G4) PTZ 45 mg/kg + 20 mg/kg quercetin; (G5) PTZ 45 mg/kg + 40 mg/kg quercetin; (G6) Picrotoxin 5 mg/kg + DMSO; (G7) Picrotoxin 5 mg/kg + 10 mg/kg quercetin; (G8) Picrotoxin 5 mg/kg + 20 mg/kg quercetin. In all groups quercetin were injected 30 min before PTZ and picrotoxin applications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to PTZ, quercetin significantly prolonged onset of the seizure in 10 mg/kg (P < 0.05) and reduced the seizure stage in 10 mg/kg quercetin injected group (P < 0.01). Compared to PTZ, quercetin also declined the generalized seizure duration at 10 mg/kg (P < 0.01) and 20 mg/kg (P < 0.05) doses. At the doses of 5 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg quercetin there were no significant changes in seizure parameters. Development of picrotoxin induced seizures is slower than in PTZ. Quercetin was found to be unable to prevent seizure in picrotoxin induced seizures. Surprisingly, quercetin also significantly reduced the onset of seizures at the dose of 20 mg/kg (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  quercetin (at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg i.p) prevented seizures in PTZ (45 mg/kg i.p) induced seizures. Especially, 10 mg/kg PTZ prolonged onset of seizures, reduced the seizure duration and seizure severity score in comparison with control group. At a higher (40 mg/kg) dose quercetin failed to prevent PTZ induced seizures. In addition 20 mg/kg quercetin significantly reduced the onset of seizures that suggest a preconvulsive effect. 20 mg/kg quercetin reduced the onset of picrotoxin induced seizures. In picrotoxin model, it may be claimed that quercetin at higher doses accelerate the epileptic activity owing to its antagonistic effect on GABAA. Further investigations are needed to explore the mechanisms of the antiepileptic and preconvulsant effects of quercetin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University Hatay, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sefil
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biophysics, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University Hatay, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kahraman
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University Hatay, Turkey.
authors.forename: Recep
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dokuyucu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Pathology, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University Hatay, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gokce
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University Hatay, Turkey.
authors.forename: Atakan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University Hatay, Turkey.
authors.forename: Okan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tutuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Zirve University Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Dumlupinar University Kutahya Turkey.
authors.forename: Umit
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ozkan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University Hatay, Turkey.
authors.forename: Neslihan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pinar
keywords: Epileptic seizure; flavonoids; pentylenetetrazole; picrotoxin; quercetin