title: Photodynamic therapy combined with terbinafine against chromoblastomycosis and the effect of PDT on Fonsecaea monophora in vitro.
abstract: Chromoblastomycosis, a chronic fungal infection of skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by dematiaceous fungi, is associated with low cure and high relapse rates. Among all factors affecting clinical outcome, etiological agents have an important position. In southern China, Fonsecaea pedrosoi and Fonsecaea monophora are main causative agents causing Chromoblastomycosis. We treated one case of chromoblastomycosis by photodynamic therapy (PDT) of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) irradiation combined with terbinafine 250 mg a day. The lesions were improved after two sessions of ALA-PDT treatment, each including nine times, at an interval of 1 week, combined with terbinafine 250 mg/day oral, and clinical improvement could be observed. In the following study, based on the clinical treatment, the effect of PDT and antifungal drugs on this isolate was detected in vitro. It showed sensitivity to terbinafine, itraconazole or voriconazole, and PDT inhibited the growth. Both the clinic and experiments in vitro confirm the good outcome of ALA-PDT applied in the inhibition of F. monophora. It demonstrated that combination of antifungal drugs with ALA-PDT arises as a promising alternative method for the treatment of these refractory cases of chromoblastomycosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West Yanjiang Rd, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
authors.forename: Yongxuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Xiaowen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Sha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hamblin
authors.forename: Eleftherios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mylonakis
authors.forename: Junmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Liyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xi
mesh_terms: D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002862:Chromoblastomycosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology; D000077291:Terbinafine; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D065819:Voriconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D009281:Naphthalenes; D017964:Itraconazole; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid; D000077291:Terbinafine; D065819:Voriconazole