title: Using standardized diagnostic instruments to classify children with autism in the study to explore early development.
abstract: The Study to Explore Early Development (SEED) is a multi-site case-control study designed to explore the relationship between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) phenotypes and etiologies. The goals of this paper are to (1) describe the SEED algorithm that uses the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) to classify children with ASD, (2) examine psychometric properties of different ASD classification methods, including the SEED method that incorporates rules for resolving ADI-R and ADOS discordance, and (3) determine whether restricted interests and repetitive behaviors were noted for children who had instrument discordance resolved using ADI-R social and communication scores. Results support the utility of SEED criteria when well-defined groups of children are an important clinical or research outcome.
authors.affiliation: National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road MS E-86, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA, lwiggins@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Lisa D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Wiggins
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Catherine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Moody
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bernal
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Blaskey
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Li-Ching
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003192:Compulsive Behavior / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics