title: Endoscopic molecular imaging of human bladder cancer using a CD47 antibody.
abstract: A combination of optical imaging technologies with cancer-specific molecular imaging agents is a potentially powerful strategy to improve cancer detection and enable image-guided surgery. Bladder cancer is primarily managed endoscopically by white light cystoscopy with suboptimal diagnostic accuracy. Emerging optical imaging technologies hold great potential for improved diagnostic accuracy but lack imaging agents for molecular specificity. Using fluorescently labeled CD47 antibody (anti-CD47) as molecular imaging agent, we demonstrated consistent identification of bladder cancer with clinical grade fluorescence imaging systems, confocal endomicroscopy, and blue light cystoscopy in fresh surgically removed human bladders. With blue light cystoscopy, the sensitivity and specificity for CD47-targeted imaging were 82.9 and 90.5%, respectively. We detected variants of bladder cancers, which are diagnostic challenges, including carcinoma in situ, residual carcinoma in tumor resection bed, recurrent carcinoma following prior intravesical immunotherapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), and excluded cancer from benign but suspicious-appearing mucosa. CD47-targeted molecular imaging could improve diagnosis and resection thoroughness for bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Jens-Peter
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Volkmer
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Mach
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Robert V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Rouse
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Jen-Jane
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Debashis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sahoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Metzner
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Matt
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van de Rijn
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Eila C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Skinner
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford and Departments of Radiology and Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Sanjiv S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Gambhir
authors.affiliation: Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Irving L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Weissman
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. jliao@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Joseph C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Liao
mesh_terms: D051928:CD47 Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D004724:Endoscopy; D006801:Humans; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D051928:CD47 Antigen; D012333:RNA, Messenger