title: Food Insecurity is Longitudinally Associated with Depressive Symptoms Among Homeless and Marginally-Housed Individuals Living with HIV.
abstract: Depression and food insecurity are prevalent among people with HIV (PLHIV) and contribute to poor HIV outcomes. Longitudinal data can help clarify the effect of food insecurity on depression among PLHIV in the United States. We assessed the longitudinal association of food insecurity with symptoms of depression using validated measures among participants living with HIV from the Research on Access to Care in the Homeless cohort in San Francisco. We followed 346 participants for a median of 28 months. Over half of participants (55.0 %) were food insecure and 35.8 % had symptoms of depression. In adjusted models, severe food insecurity in the previous period was associated with increased depressive symptom severity (b = 1.22; p < 0.001). The association remained statistically significant in models including participant fixed effects. Severe food insecurity was also longitudinally associated with a binary variable indicating probable depression. Efforts to increase access to and participation in food security safety net programs for PLHIV could improve depression.
authors.affiliation: Division of HIV/AIDS, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), 995 Potrero Avenue, Building 80, Ward 84, Campus Box 0874, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA, kartika.palar@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Kartika
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Palar
authors.forename: Margot
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kushel
authors.forename: Edward A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Frongillo
authors.forename: Elise D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Grede
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bangsberg
authors.forename: Sheri D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Weiser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005523:Food Supply / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D006703:Ill-Housed Persons / Q000523:psychology*; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012495:San Francisco / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014505:Urban Population; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents