title: Modified cytoplasmic Ca2+ sequestration contributes to spinal cord injury-induced augmentation of nerve-evoked contractions in the rat tail artery.
abstract: In rat tail artery (RTA), spinal cord injury (SCI) increases nerve-evoked contractions and the contribution of L-type Ca2+ channels to these responses. In RTAs from unoperated rats, these channels play a minor role in contractions and Bay K8644 (L-type channel agonist) mimics the effects of SCI. Here we investigated the mechanisms underlying the facilitatory actions of SCI and Bay K8644 on nerve-evoked contractions of RTAs and the hypothesis that Ca2+ entering via L-type Ca2+ channels is rapidly sequestered by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) limiting its role in contraction. In situ electrochemical detection of noradrenaline was used to assess if Bay K8644 increased noradrenaline release. Perforated patch recordings were used to assess if SCI changed the Ca2+ current recorded in RTA myocytes. Wire myography was used to assess if SCI modified the effects of Bay K8644 and of interrupting SR Ca2+ uptake on nerve-evoked contractions. Bay K8644 did not change noradrenaline-induced oxidation currents. Neither the size nor gating of Ca2+ currents differed between myocytes from sham-operated (control) and SCI rats. Bay K8644 increased nerve-evoked contractions in RTAs from both control and SCI rats, but the magnitude of this effect was reduced by SCI. By contrast, depleting SR Ca2+ stores with ryanodine or cyclopiazonic acid selectively increased nerve-evoked contractions in control RTAs. Cyclopiazonic acid also selectively increased the blockade of these responses by nifedipine (L-type channel blocker) in control RTAs, whereas ryanodine increased the blockade produced by nifedipine in both groups of RTAs. These findings suggest that Ca2+ entering via L-type channels is normally rapidly sequestered limiting its access to the contractile mechanism. Furthermore, the findings suggest SCI reduces the role of this mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hussain
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Al Dera
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Brid P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Callaghan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Brock
mesh_terms: D001498:3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D004563:Electrochemistry; D005260:Female; D007211:Indoles / Q000737:chemistry; D032342:Muscle Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000737:chemistry; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012433:Ryanodine / Q000737:chemistry; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000473:pathology*; D013623:Tail / Q000098:blood supply
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; D007211:Indoles; D012433:Ryanodine; D001498:3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; D009543:Nifedipine; D002118:Calcium; D009638:Norepinephrine; C000543:cyclopiazonic acid