title: Towards a comprehensive global approach to prevention and control of NCDs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The "25×25" strategy to tackle the global challenge of non-communicable diseases takes a traditional approach, concentrating on a few diseases and their immediate risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We propose elements of a comprehensive strategy to address NCDs that takes account of the evolving social, economic, environmental and health care contexts, while developing mechanisms to respond effectively to local patterns of disease. Principles that underpin the comprehensive strategy include: (a) a balance between measures that address health at the individual and population level; (b) the need to identify evidence-based feasible and effective approaches tailored to low and middle income countries rather than exporting questionable strategies developed in high income countries; (c) developing primary health care as a universal framework to support prevention and treatment; (d) ensuring the ability to respond in real time to the complex adaptive behaviours of the global food, tobacco, alcohol and transport industries; (e) integrating evidence-based, cost-effective, and affordable approaches within the post-2015 sustainable development agenda; (f) determination of a set of priorities based on the NCD burden within each country, taking account of what it can afford, including the level of available development assistance; and (g) change from a universal "one-size fits all" approach of relatively simple prevention oriented approaches to more comprehensive multi-sectoral and development-oriented approaches which address both health systems and the determinants of NCD risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 25×25 is approach is absolutely necessary but insufficient to tackle the the NCD disease burden of mortality and morbidity. A more comprehensive approach is recommended.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McKee
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haines
authors.forename: Shah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ebrahim
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lamptey
authors.forename: Mauricio L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Barreto
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Matheson
authors.forename: Helen L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Walls
authors.forename: Sunia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Foliaki
authors.forename: J Jaime
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: Oyun
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Chimeddamba
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garcia-Marcos
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vineis
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pearce
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014943:Global Health; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D040841:Resource Allocation; D012307:Risk Factors