title: In vitro antioxidant and in vivo hepatoprotective activity of leave extract of Raphanus sativus in rats using CCL4 model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Raphanus sativus is reported to have a variety of biological activities. This work screened the hepato-protective and antioxidant activity of ethanol (ERS), and aqueous (ARS), extracts of leaves of Raphanus sativus in Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), model in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The extracts were subjected to antioxidant tests (Total reducing power and Total phenolic content), and preliminary phytochemical screening. A pilot study was done on 100 and 300 mg/kg extracts, form which 300 mg was chosen for further experiments. The albino rats (200-250 grams), were divided into 5 groups of 6 animals each (n=6). There were three control groups comprising of normal control (normal saline -1ml/kg), negative control group (CCl4 1ml/kg in olive oil in a ratio of 1:1 v/v), and positive control group (Silymarin 50mg/kg). The Test drugs were given in a dose of 300 mg/kg for both ERS and ARS extract for 7 days. Biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, Alkaline phosphatase, Total Bilirubin), histo-pathological examination of liver and in vivo antioxidant tests [CAT, GSH and MDA] were done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The phytochemical study showed the presence of flavanoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins and sterols. A dose dependent increase in the oxidative potential was observed in both the extracts with total phenolic content 70.1 and 44.4 GAE/g extract for ERS and ARS respectively. ERS 300mg/kg showed a significant (p<0.001) increase in levels of AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase as compared to negative control (percentage hepatoprotection =45.3%) while ARS 300 mg/kg (p<.01) group showed 30% hepatoprotection. The GSH (p<0.001) and CAT (p<0.05) in ERS and ARS were significantly increased while MDA levels were decreased (P< 0.01), as compared negative control. The findings were confirmed histo-pathological examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ethanol and aqueous extract of Raphanus sativus have partial hepatoprotection against CCl4 toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, MAMC, Dehli University, New Delhi, India 110002.
authors.forename: Shariq Naeem
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Syed
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, JNMC, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (UP), India 202002.
authors.forename: Waseem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rizvi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, JNMC, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (UP), India 202002.
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, JNMC, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (UP), India 202002.
authors.forename: Aijaz Ahmad
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, JNMC, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (UP), India 202002.
authors.forename: Shagufta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, JNMC, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (UP), India 202002.
authors.forename: Akif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahsan
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000009:adverse effects; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D031224:Raphanus / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; C015977:malealdehyde; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase
keywords: CCl4; Raphanus sativus; antioxidant; hepatoprotection