title: Isolation and identification of allelochemicals produced by B. sonorensis for suppression of charcoal rot of Arachis hypogaea L.
abstract: Bacillus sonorensis MBCU2 isolated from vermicompost-amended soil from Gujarat, India showed most antagonistic activity against Macrophomina phaseolina by dual culture screening. The culture supernatant of MBCU2 completely suppressed the mycelia growth of pathogen, indicating that suppression was due to the presence of allelochemicals in the culture filtrate. Results of scanning electron microscopy revealed that MBCU2 caused morphological alteration in mycelia of M. phaseolina as evident by hyphal lysis and perforation. Lipopeptides (iturin A and surfactin) produced by MBCU2 were detected and identified by MALDI-TOF-MS as well as liquid chromatography coupled with ESI-MS/MS. Pot trial studies conducted by seed bacterization with MBCU2 resulted in statistically significant increase in Arachis hypogaea L. vegetative growth parameters such as root length (91%), shoot length (252%), fresh weight (71%), dry weight (57%), number of pod (128%), and number of seed (290%) in M. phaseolina infested soil over control as well as decreased M. phaseolina disease severity. We suggest that allelochemicals production can be linked to the mechanism of protection of A. hypogaea L. from M. phaseolina by B. sonorensis MBCU2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Urja
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Pandya
authors.forename: Meenu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saraf
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010367:Arachis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D001407:Bacillus / Q000737:chemistry*; D007194:India; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D025282:Mycelium / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D010675:Pheromones / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D063245:Plant Development; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D010675:Pheromones
keywords: Bacillus sonorensis; Biocontrol; Lipopeptides; Macrophomina phaseolina