title: Rise in electronic cigarette use among adolescents in Poland.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite the potential negative health effects of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), these devices are increasing in popularity worldwide, especially among youth.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared data from two cross-sectional studies conducted in Poland among students aged 15-19 years in 2010-2011 and 2013-2014. We tested differences between samples in the prevalence of e-cigarette use, tobacco cigarette smoking, and simultaneous use of both tobacco and e-cigarettes ("dual use") using a multilevel linear mixed model regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the current use of e-cigarettes among adolescents in Poland was significantly higher in the 2013-2014 sample than the 2010-2011 sample (29.9% vs. 5.5%, respectively; p < .05). Dual use of tobacco and e-cigarettes was also significantly higher (21.8% vs. 3.6%, respectively; p < .05). Interestingly, the prevalence of smoking tobacco cigarettes also increased (from 23.9% in 2010-2011 to 38.0% in 2013-2014; p < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Observed parallel increase in e-cigarette use and smoking prevalence does not support the idea that e-cigarettes are displacing tobacco cigarettes in this population.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York. Electronic address: maciej.goniewicz@roswellpark.org.
authors.forename: Maciej L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Goniewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gawron
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Social Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nadolska
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Social Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Lukasz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Balwicki
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland; Department of Chemical Hazards, Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, Sosnowiec, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sobczak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003132:Commerce / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055615:Electrical Equipment and Supplies / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D005260:Female; D005731:Ganglionic Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D033242:Minors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000639:trends*; D062789:Tobacco Products / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D005731:Ganglionic Stimulants; D009538:Nicotine
keywords: Adolescents; Electronic cigarettes; Nicotine; Smoking; e-cigarettes