title: Transfer of the clavicular or sternocostal portion of the pectoralis major muscle for irreparable tears of the subscapularis. Technique and clinical results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The transfer of the pectoralis major in cases of irreparable rupture of the subscapularis has been described through different techniques. The aim of this prospective study was to compare the clinical results of transferring the clavicular or the sternal head of the pectoralis major tendon underneath the conjoint tendon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients underwent the procedure, including eight clavicular head of the pectoralis major tendon transfers and seven sternal head transfers. The mean age at the time of surgery was 57 years (range, 37-66). Each patient had pre-operative MRI and CT scan. The criteria for an irreparable subscapularis tear were retraction at the level of the glenoid and fatty infiltration of the muscle graded III or IV. Pre-operative and postoperative functions were assessed by the Constant score. Patients were finally asked if they were very satisfied, satisfied or unhappy with the functional outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average follow-up was 24 months (range, 12-50). The mean absolute Constant score of the entire series increased significantly from 36 preoperatively to 69 at the latest follow up (p < 0.01); it improved significantly and similarly in both types of tendon harvested. Nine patients were very satisfied, three were satisfied and three were dissatisfied with the clinical outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A clavicular or a sternocostal head transfer of the pectoralis major under the coracoid process reduced pain, and improved the strength and function of the shoulder.
authors.affiliation: Institut de la Main, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valenti
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Boughebri
authors.forename: Constantina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moraiti
authors.forename: Choukry
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dib
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maqdes
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Amouyel
authors.forename: Grégoire
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ciais
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kany
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017006:Rotator Cuff / Q000601:surgery; D000070636:Rotator Cuff Injuries; D012421:Rupture / Q000601:surgery; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D013709:Tendon Transfer / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome