title: Single-centre study of 628 adult, primary kidney transplant recipients showing no unfavourable effect of new-onset diabetes after transplant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To better understand the implications of new-onset diabetes after transplant (NODAT), we used our prospectively followed cohort of 628 adult primary kidney transplant recipients to determine the prognostic impact of pretransplant diabetes and NODAT.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study cohort consisted of all participants in four randomised immunosuppression trials performed at our centre since May 2000. For each cause-specific hazard analysed, Cox stepwise regression was used to determine a multivariable model of significant baseline predictors; the multivariable influence of having pretransplant diabetes and NODAT (t) (the latter defined as a zero-one, time-dependent covariate) was subsequently tested. Similar analyses of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at 36 and 60 months post transplant were performed using stepwise linear regression. Finally, a repeated measures analysis of mean HbA1c as a function of diabetes category (pretransplant diabetes vs NODAT) and randomised trial (first to fourth) was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median follow-up was 56 months post transplant. Patients with pretransplant diabetes comprised 23.4% (147/628), and 22.5% (108/481) of the remaining patients developed NODAT. Pretransplant diabetes had no prognostic influence on first biopsy-proven acute rejection and death-censored graft failure hazard rates, nor on eGFR, but was associated with significantly higher rates of death with a functioning graft (DWFG) (p = 0.003), DWFG due to a cardiovascular event (p = 0.005) and infection that required hospitalisation (p = 0.03). NODAT (t) had no unfavourable impact on any of these hazard rates nor on eGFR, with actuarial freedom from DWFG remaining at over 90% among patients in pre- and post-NODAT states at 72 months post transplant/NODAT. Mean HbA1c for patients in the first to fourth randomised trials, averaged across diabetes category, decreased by trial (7.28%, 6.92%, 6.87% and 6.64% [56.1, 52.1, 51.6 and 49.1 mmol/mol], respectively; p = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Less-than-expected post-NODAT risk for graft loss and death may exist in the current climate of tighter glucose monitoring post transplant.
authors.affiliation: Miami Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Highland Professional Building, 1801 NW 9th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA, jgaynor@med.miami.edu.
authors.forename: Jeffrey J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gaynor
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ciancio
authors.forename: Giselle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: Junichiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sageshima
authors.forename: Lois
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Warren
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kupin
authors.forename: Adela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mattiazzi
authors.forename: Lissett
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tueros
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.forename: Luis J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Barba
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rivas
authors.forename: Phillip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vianna
authors.forename: George W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Burke
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006085:Graft Survival; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D066027:Transplant Recipients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents