title: Metastasis as a therapeutic target in prostate cancer: a conceptual framework.
abstract: Metastasis is the main cause of prostate cancer-associated deaths. While significant progerss has been made in the treatment of primary tumors, efficent therapies that target the metastatic spread of prostate cancer are far from clinical reality. To efficiently treat cancer we need be able to impede its spread. Unfortunately, the majority of current therapeutics approved to treat metastatic cancer were originally selected based on their ability to inhibit primary tumor growth. This inherent flaw precluded these therapies from efficiently targeting the development of secondary metastatic lesions, a process that is distinct from that of primary tumor progression. In this review we will summarize the conceptual, cellular and molecular targets that should be considered to design effective anti-metastatic therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 5-142C Katz Group Building, 114th St and 87th Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada.
authors.forename: Konstantin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stoletov
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 5-142C Katz Group Building, 114th St and 87th Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, 1161 21st Ave. S., C-2102C MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2561 USA.
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hebron
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 5-142C Katz Group Building, 114th St and 87th Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada.
authors.forename: Srijan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raha
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, 1161 21st Ave. S., C-2102C MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2561 USA.
authors.forename: Andries
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zijlstra
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 5-142C Katz Group Building, 114th St and 87th Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada.
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lewis
keywords: Metastasis; clinical trial design; molecular targets and biomarkers of metastasis; prostate cancer