title: Congener profiles and source-wise phase partitioning analysis of PCDDs/Fs and PCBs in Gyeonggi-do ambient air, South Korea.
abstract: The atmospheric concentrations and gas-particle partitioning of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDDs/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were investigated at two sites (Suwon and Ansan) in Gyeonggi-do, a heavily industrialized area of Korea, during the year 2010. The sum level (Σ17) of PCDDs/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs) in the ambient air at Suwon and Ansan ranged from 0.04 to 0.30 pg-TEQ·m(-3) (geometric mean: 0.09 pg-TEQ·m(-3)) and 0.17 to 0.63 pg-TEQ·m(-3) (geometric mean: 0.36 pg-TEQ·m(-3)), respectively. Moreover, the geometric mean concentrations of Σ180 PCBs at Suwon and Ansan were 233.6 pg·m(-3) and 274.2 pg·m(-3), respectively, and di-chlorinated biphenyls and tri-chlorinated biphenyls were the predominant homologs. Among the PCB congeners, 3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl (PCB-11) was the dominant species at both sites during all sampling periods, comprising up to 15.1% of Σ180 PCBs at Ansan and 24.6% at Suwon. We evaluated their gas-to-particle equilibriums by conducting regression between the particle-gas partition coefficient Kp (m(3)·ug(-1)) and the corresponding subcooled liquid vapor pressure (PL°). The slope (m) values for log-log plots of Kp vs. PL° were steeper in industrial areas owing to local source proximity. Moreover, owing to enhanced emissions from combustion-related sources at low temperatures, PCDD/Fs exhibited the largest deviation from the regression line of the particle-gas partition coefficient. Incinerators were found to be the primary emission source of atmospheric PCDDs/Fs, whereas re-evaporation from pre-existing environmental loads (e.g., storage areas or spilled soil and water bodies) was the dominant source for PCBs.
authors.affiliation: Gyeonggi-Do Institute of Health and Environment, Suwon 440-290, Korea. heo7777@gg.go.kr.
authors.forename: Jongwon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.affiliation: Gyeonggi-Do Institute of Health and Environment, Suwon 440-290, Korea. kimdg@gg.go.kr.
authors.forename: Donggi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin 449-791, Korea. gwlee@hufs.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Gangwoong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis*; D004147:Dioxins / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis*; D056910:Republic of Korea
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D001572:Benzofurans; D004147:Dioxins; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls