title: Effectiveness of the Godelieve Denys-Struyf (GDS) method in people with low back pain: cluster randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Godelieve Denys-Struyf method (GDS) is a motor learning intervention that may be applied in group or individualized sessions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study objective was to compare the effectiveness of routine physical therapy, group GDS (GDS-G) sessions, and group and individualized GDS (GDS-I) sessions.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cluster randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study took place in 21 primary care physical therapy units ("clusters") of the Spanish National Health Service (SNHS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants were 461 people with subacute and chronic low back pain (LBP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Clusters were randomized into 3 groups. All participants received medical treatment and a 15-minute group education session on active management. Additional interventions were as follows: control (fifteen 40-minute sessions of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, microwave treatment, and standardized exercises), GDS-G (eleven 50-minute group GDS sessions), and GDS-I (the same 11 sessions plus four 50-minute individualized GDS sessions).
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary outcomes at baseline and 2, 6, and 12 months later were LBP and pain referred down the leg (separate pain intensity numeric rating scales) and disability (Roland-Morris Questionnaire [RMQ]). Secondary outcomes were use of medication and self-reported health (mental and physical component summaries of the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey [SF-12]). Separate linear mixed models for LBP, pain referred down the leg, and disability were developed to adjust for potential confounders. Randomization, outcome assessment, and data analyses were masked.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 12 months, disability improved 0.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]=-0.4, 1.8) RMQ point in the control group, 1.5 (95% CI=0.4, 2.7) RMQ points in the GDS-I group, and 2.2 (95% CI=1.2, 3.2) RMQ points in the GDS-G group. There were no differences in pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The amount of exercise was smaller in the control group, and GDS-I sessions were provided by junior physical therapists.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The improvement in disability was slightly higher with group GDS sessions than with the program routinely used in clusters within the SNHS. Adding individualized GDS sessions eliminated this advantage. Further studies should compare the GDS with other types of exercise.
authors.affiliation: M.J. Díaz-Arribas, MPT, PhD, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; and the Spanish Back Pain Research Network.
authors.forename: María José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Díaz-Arribas
authors.affiliation: F.M. Kovacs, MD, PhD, Scientific Department, Kovacs Foundation, Paseo de Mallorca 36, E-07012, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; and the Spanish Back Pain Research Network. fmkovacs@kovacs.org.
authors.forename: Francisco M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Kovacs
authors.affiliation: A. Royuela, PhD, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Bioestadística Clínica, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRICYS, Madrid, Spain; and the Spanish Back Pain Research Network.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Royuela
authors.affiliation: M. Fernández-Serrano, MPT, Physical Therapy and Nursery Department, Alcalá University; and Primary Health Care Research Group (INFICAP); and the Spanish Back Pain Research Network.
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernández-Serrano
authors.affiliation: L. Gutiérrez-Fernández, MPT, Primary Health Care Research Group (INFICAP); and the Spanish Back Pain Research Network.
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Fernández
authors.affiliation: O. San Martín-Pariente, MPT, Primary Health Care Research Group (INFICAP); and the Spanish Back Pain Research Network.
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: San Martín-Pariente
authors.affiliation: V. Abraira, PhD, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP); Unidad de Bioestadística Clínica, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRICYS; and the Spanish Back Pain Research Network.
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Abraira
authors.affiliation: M. Ramos-Sánchez, MD, PhD, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Mabel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramos-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: R. Llorca-Palomera, MD, PhD, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Llorca-Palomera
authors.affiliation: P. Pardo-Hervás, MD, PhD, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pardo-Hervás
authors.affiliation: M. Gestoso, MD, Scientific Department, Kovacs Foundation, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gestoso
authors.affiliation: Other members of Primary Health Care Research Group (INFICAP) who authored this study are: G.C. Sánchez-Gil, M.Á. Elena-Lucas, R. Paniagua-de-la-Calle, I. Castellanos-López, M.Á. García-Heredia, A.M. Cerón-Sanz, B. Victoria-González, C. Monsalve-Martín, J.M. Duque-Heras, M.J. Juanes-Hernández, J. Saura-Contí, J.L. Soto-Sáez, C. Román-Moraleda, C. Ruiz-Arias, B. Martín-Mora, R. Escolano-García, J.S. Cantero-Bengoechea, E. García-López, A. López-Pelegrín, E. Padilla-Martin, M. Martínez-Rodríguez, J. Casillas-Martín, J. Jerez-Vázquez, and L. Barrientos-Gómez.
authors.forename: Gracia Camacho
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Gil
authors.affiliation: Other members of Primary Health Care Research Group (INFICAP) who authored this study are: G.C. Sánchez-Gil, M.Á. Elena-Lucas, R. Paniagua-de-la-Calle, I. Castellanos-López, M.Á. García-Heredia, A.M. Cerón-Sanz, B. Victoria-González, C. Monsalve-Martín, J.M. Duque-Heras, M.J. Juanes-Hernández, J. Saura-Contí, J.L. Soto-Sáez, C. Román-Moraleda, C. Ruiz-Arias, B. Martín-Mora, R. Escolano-García, J.S. Cantero-Bengoechea, E. García-López, A. López-Pelegrín, E. Padilla-Martin, M. Martínez-Rodríguez, J. Casillas-Martín, J. Jerez-Vázquez, and L. Barrientos-Gómez.
authors.forename: María Ángeles
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: Elena-Lucas
authors.affiliation: Other members of Primary Health Care Research Group (INFICAP) who authored this study are: G.C. Sánchez-Gil, M.Á. Elena-Lucas, R. Paniagua-de-la-Calle, I. Castellanos-López, M.Á. García-Heredia, A.M. Cerón-Sanz, B. Victoria-González, C. Monsalve-Martín, J.M. Duque-Heras, M.J. Juanes-Hernández, J. Saura-Contí, J.L. Soto-Sáez, C. Román-Moraleda, C. Ruiz-Arias, B. Martín-Mora, R. Escolano-García, J.S. Cantero-Bengoechea, E. García-López, A. López-Pelegrín, E. Padilla-Martin, M. Martínez-Rodríguez, J. Casillas-Martín, J. Jerez-Vázquez, and L. Barrientos-Gómez.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paniagua-de-la-Calle
authors.affiliation: Other members of Primary Health Care Research Group (INFICAP) who authored this study are: G.C. Sánchez-Gil, M.Á. Elena-Lucas, R. Paniagua-de-la-Calle, I. Castellanos-López, M.Á. García-Heredia, A.M. Cerón-Sanz, B. Victoria-González, C. Monsalve-Martín, J.M. Duque-Heras, M.J. Juanes-Hernández, J. Saura-Contí, J.L. Soto-Sáez, C. Román-Moraleda, C. Ruiz-Arias, B. Martín-Mora, R. Escolano-García, J.S. Cantero-Bengoechea, E. García-López, A. López-Pelegrín, E. Padilla-Martin, M. Martínez-Rodríguez, J. Casillas-Martín, J. Jerez-Vázquez, and L. Barrientos-Gómez.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Castellanos-López
authors.affiliation: Other members of Primary Health Care Research Group (INFICAP) who authored this study are: G.C. Sánchez-Gil, M.Á. Elena-Lucas, R. Paniagua-de-la-Calle, I. Castellanos-López, M.Á. García-Heredia, A.M. Cerón-Sanz, B. Victoria-González, C. Monsalve-Martín, J.M. Duque-Heras, M.J. Juanes-Hernández, J. Saura-Contí, J.L. Soto-Sáez, C. Román-Moraleda, C. Ruiz-Arias, B. Martín-Mora, R. Escolano-García, J.S. Cantero-Bengoechea, E. García-López, A. López-Pelegrín, E. Padilla-Martin, M. Martínez-Rodríguez, J. Casillas-Martín, J. Jerez-Vázquez, and L. Barrientos-Gómez.
authors.forename: María Ángeles
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: García-Heredia
authors.affiliation: Other members of Primary Health Care Research Group (INFICAP) who authored this study are: G.C. Sánchez-Gil, M.Á. Elena-Lucas, R. Paniagua-de-la-Calle, I. Castellanos-López, M.Á. García-Heredia, A.M. Cerón-Sanz, B. Victoria-González, C. Monsalve-Martín, J.M. Duque-Heras, M.J. Juanes-Hernández, J. Saura-Contí, J.L. Soto-Sáez, C. Román-Moraleda, C. Ruiz-Arias, B. Martín-Mora, R. Escolano-García, J.S. Cantero-Bengoechea, E. García-López, A. López-Pelegrín, E. Padilla-Martin, M. Martínez-Rodríguez, J. Casillas-Martín, J. Jerez-Vázquez, and L. Barrientos-Gómez.
authors.forename: Ana Miriam
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cerón-Sanz
authors.affiliation: Other members of Primary Health Care Research Group (INFICAP) who authored this study are: G.C. Sánchez-Gil, M.Á. Elena-Lucas, R. Paniagua-de-la-Calle, I. Castellanos-López, M.Á. García-Heredia, A.M. Cerón-Sanz, B. Victoria-González, C. Monsalve-Martín, J.M. Duque-Heras, M.J. Juanes-Hernández, J. Saura-Contí, J.L. Soto-Sáez, C. Román-Moraleda, C. Ruiz-Arias, B. Martín-Mora, R. Escolano-García, J.S. Cantero-Bengoechea, E. García-López, A. López-Pelegrín, E. Padilla-Martin, M. Martínez-Rodríguez, J. Casillas-Martín, J. Jerez-Vázquez, and L. Barrientos-Gómez.
authors.forename: Basilio
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Victoria-González
authors.affiliation: Other members of Primary Health Care Research Group (INFICAP) who authored this study are: G.C. Sánchez-Gil, M.Á. Elena-Lucas, R. Paniagua-de-la-Calle, I. Castellanos-López, M.Á. García-Heredia, A.M. Cerón-Sanz, B. Victoria-González, C. Monsalve-Martín, J.M. Duque-Heras, M.J. Juanes-Hernández, J. Saura-Contí, J.L. Soto-Sáez, C. Román-Moraleda, C. Ruiz-Arias, B. Martín-Mora, R. Escolano-García, J.S. Cantero-Bengoechea, E. García-López, A. López-Pelegrín, E. Padilla-Martin, M. Martínez-Rodríguez, J. Casillas-Martín, J. Jerez-Vázquez, and L. Barrientos-Gómez.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Monsalve-Martín
authors.affiliation: Other members of Primary Health Care Research Group (INFICAP) who authored this study are: G.C. Sánchez-Gil, M.Á. Elena-Lucas, R. Paniagua-de-la-Calle, I. Castellanos-López, M.Á. García-Heredia, A.M. Cerón-Sanz, B. Victoria-González, C. Monsalve-Martín, J.M. Duque-Heras, M.J. Juanes-Hernández, J. Saura-Contí, J.L. Soto-Sáez, C. Román-Moraleda, C. Ruiz-Arias, B. Martín-Mora, R. Escolano-García, J.S. Cantero-Bengoechea, E. García-López, A. López-Pelegrín, E. Padilla-Martin, M. Martínez-Rodríguez, J. Casillas-Martín, J. Jerez-Vázquez, and L. Barrientos-Gómez.
authors.forename: José María
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Duque-Heras
authors.affiliation: Other members of Primary Health Care Research Group (INFICAP) who authored this study are: G.C. Sánchez-Gil, M.Á. Elena-Lucas, R. Paniagua-de-la-Calle, I. Castellanos-López, M.Á. García-Heredia, A.M. Cerón-Sanz, B. Victoria-González, C. Monsalve-Martín, J.M. Duque-Heras, M.J. Juanes-Hernández, J. Saura-Contí, J.L. Soto-Sáez, C. Román-Moraleda, C. Ruiz-Arias, B. Martín-Mora, R. Escolano-García, J.S. Cantero-Bengoechea, E. García-López, A. López-Pelegrín, E. Padilla-Martin, M. Martínez-Rodríguez, J. Casillas-Martín, J. Jerez-Vázquez, and L. Barrientos-Gómez.
authors.forename: Manuel J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Juanes-Hernández
authors.affiliation: Other members of Primary Health Care Research Group (INFICAP) who authored this study are: G.C. Sánchez-Gil, M.Á. Elena-Lucas, R. Paniagua-de-la-Calle, I. Castellanos-López, M.Á. García-Heredia, A.M. Cerón-Sanz, B. Victoria-González, C. Monsalve-Martín, J.M. Duque-Heras, M.J. Juanes-Hernández, J. Saura-Contí, J.L. Soto-Sáez, C. Román-Moraleda, C. Ruiz-Arias, B. Martín-Mora, R. Escolano-García, J.S. Cantero-Bengoechea, E. García-López, A. López-Pelegrín, E. Padilla-Martin, M. Martínez-Rodríguez, J. Casillas-Martín, J. Jerez-Vázquez, and L. Barrientos-Gómez.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saura-Contí
authors.affiliation: Other members of Primary Health Care Research Group (INFICAP) who authored this study are: G.C. Sánchez-Gil, M.Á. Elena-Lucas, R. Paniagua-de-la-Calle, I. Castellanos-López, M.Á. García-Heredia, A.M. Cerón-Sanz, B. Victoria-González, C. Monsalve-Martín, J.M. Duque-Heras, M.J. Juanes-Hernández, J. Saura-Contí, J.L. Soto-Sáez, C. Román-Moraleda, C. Ruiz-Arias, B. Martín-Mora, R. Escolano-García, J.S. Cantero-Bengoechea, E. García-López, A. López-Pelegrín, E. Padilla-Martin, M. Martínez-Rodríguez, J. Casillas-Martín, J. Jerez-Vázquez, and L. Barrientos-Gómez.
authors.forename: Juan Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Soto-Sáez
authors.affiliation: Other members of Primary Health Care Research Group (INFICAP) who authored this study are: G.C. Sánchez-Gil, M.Á. Elena-Lucas, R. Paniagua-de-la-Calle, I. Castellanos-López, M.Á. García-Heredia, A.M. Cerón-Sanz, B. Victoria-González, C. Monsalve-Martín, J.M. Duque-Heras, M.J. Juanes-Hernández, J. Saura-Contí, J.L. Soto-Sáez, C. Román-Moraleda, C. Ruiz-Arias, B. Martín-Mora, R. Escolano-García, J.S. Cantero-Bengoechea, E. García-López, A. López-Pelegrín, E. Padilla-Martin, M. Martínez-Rodríguez, J. Casillas-Martín, J. Jerez-Vázquez, and L. Barrientos-Gómez.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Román-Moraleda
authors.affiliation: Other members of Primary Health Care Research Group (INFICAP) who authored this study are: G.C. Sánchez-Gil, M.Á. Elena-Lucas, R. Paniagua-de-la-Calle, I. Castellanos-López, M.Á. García-Heredia, A.M. Cerón-Sanz, B. Victoria-González, C. Monsalve-Martín, J.M. Duque-Heras, M.J. Juanes-Hernández, J. Saura-Contí, J.L. Soto-Sáez, C. Román-Moraleda, C. Ruiz-Arias, B. Martín-Mora, R. Escolano-García, J.S. Cantero-Bengoechea, E. García-López, A. López-Pelegrín, E. Padilla-Martin, M. Martínez-Rodríguez, J. Casillas-Martín, J. Jerez-Vázquez, and L. Barrientos-Gómez.
authors.forename: César
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Arias
authors.affiliation: Other members of Primary Health Care Research Group (INFICAP) who authored this study are: G.C. Sánchez-Gil, M.Á. Elena-Lucas, R. Paniagua-de-la-Calle, I. Castellanos-López, M.Á. García-Heredia, A.M. Cerón-Sanz, B. Victoria-González, C. Monsalve-Martín, J.M. Duque-Heras, M.J. Juanes-Hernández, J. Saura-Contí, J.L. Soto-Sáez, C. Román-Moraleda, C. Ruiz-Arias, B. Martín-Mora, R. Escolano-García, J.S. Cantero-Bengoechea, E. García-López, A. López-Pelegrín, E. Padilla-Martin, M. Martínez-Rodríguez, J. Casillas-Martín, J. Jerez-Vázquez, and L. Barrientos-Gómez.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Martín-Mora
authors.affiliation: Other members of Primary Health Care Research Group (INFICAP) who authored this study are: G.C. Sánchez-Gil, M.Á. Elena-Lucas, R. Paniagua-de-la-Calle, I. Castellanos-López, M.Á. García-Heredia, A.M. Cerón-Sanz, B. Victoria-González, C. Monsalve-Martín, J.M. Duque-Heras, M.J. Juanes-Hernández, J. Saura-Contí, J.L. Soto-Sáez, C. Román-Moraleda, C. Ruiz-Arias, B. Martín-Mora, R. Escolano-García, J.S. Cantero-Bengoechea, E. García-López, A. López-Pelegrín, E. Padilla-Martin, M. Martínez-Rodríguez, J. Casillas-Martín, J. Jerez-Vázquez, and L. Barrientos-Gómez.
authors.forename: Rubén
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Escolano-García
authors.affiliation: Other members of Primary Health Care Research Group (INFICAP) who authored this study are: G.C. Sánchez-Gil, M.Á. Elena-Lucas, R. Paniagua-de-la-Calle, I. Castellanos-López, M.Á. García-Heredia, A.M. Cerón-Sanz, B. Victoria-González, C. Monsalve-Martín, J.M. Duque-Heras, M.J. Juanes-Hernández, J. Saura-Contí, J.L. Soto-Sáez, C. Román-Moraleda, C. Ruiz-Arias, B. Martín-Mora, R. Escolano-García, J.S. Cantero-Bengoechea, E. García-López, A. López-Pelegrín, E. Padilla-Martin, M. Martínez-Rodríguez, J. Casillas-Martín, J. Jerez-Vázquez, and L. Barrientos-Gómez.
authors.forename: José Sebastian
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Cantero-Bengoechea
authors.affiliation: Other members of Primary Health Care Research Group (INFICAP) who authored this study are: G.C. Sánchez-Gil, M.Á. Elena-Lucas, R. Paniagua-de-la-Calle, I. Castellanos-López, M.Á. García-Heredia, A.M. Cerón-Sanz, B. Victoria-González, C. Monsalve-Martín, J.M. Duque-Heras, M.J. Juanes-Hernández, J. Saura-Contí, J.L. Soto-Sáez, C. Román-Moraleda, C. Ruiz-Arias, B. Martín-Mora, R. Escolano-García, J.S. Cantero-Bengoechea, E. García-López, A. López-Pelegrín, E. Padilla-Martin, M. Martínez-Rodríguez, J. Casillas-Martín, J. Jerez-Vázquez, and L. Barrientos-Gómez.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: García-López
authors.affiliation: Other members of Primary Health Care Research Group (INFICAP) who authored this study are: G.C. Sánchez-Gil, M.Á. Elena-Lucas, R. Paniagua-de-la-Calle, I. Castellanos-López, M.Á. García-Heredia, A.M. Cerón-Sanz, B. Victoria-González, C. Monsalve-Martín, J.M. Duque-Heras, M.J. Juanes-Hernández, J. Saura-Contí, J.L. Soto-Sáez, C. Román-Moraleda, C. Ruiz-Arias, B. Martín-Mora, R. Escolano-García, J.S. Cantero-Bengoechea, E. García-López, A. López-Pelegrín, E. Padilla-Martin, M. Martínez-Rodríguez, J. Casillas-Martín, J. Jerez-Vázquez, and L. Barrientos-Gómez.
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López-Pelegrín
authors.affiliation: Other members of Primary Health Care Research Group (INFICAP) who authored this study are: G.C. Sánchez-Gil, M.Á. Elena-Lucas, R. Paniagua-de-la-Calle, I. Castellanos-López, M.Á. García-Heredia, A.M. Cerón-Sanz, B. Victoria-González, C. Monsalve-Martín, J.M. Duque-Heras, M.J. Juanes-Hernández, J. Saura-Contí, J.L. Soto-Sáez, C. Román-Moraleda, C. Ruiz-Arias, B. Martín-Mora, R. Escolano-García, J.S. Cantero-Bengoechea, E. García-López, A. López-Pelegrín, E. Padilla-Martin, M. Martínez-Rodríguez, J. Casillas-Martín, J. Jerez-Vázquez, and L. Barrientos-Gómez.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Padilla-Martin
authors.affiliation: Other members of Primary Health Care Research Group (INFICAP) who authored this study are: G.C. Sánchez-Gil, M.Á. Elena-Lucas, R. Paniagua-de-la-Calle, I. Castellanos-López, M.Á. García-Heredia, A.M. Cerón-Sanz, B. Victoria-González, C. Monsalve-Martín, J.M. Duque-Heras, M.J. Juanes-Hernández, J. Saura-Contí, J.L. Soto-Sáez, C. Román-Moraleda, C. Ruiz-Arias, B. Martín-Mora, R. Escolano-García, J.S. Cantero-Bengoechea, E. García-López, A. López-Pelegrín, E. Padilla-Martin, M. Martínez-Rodríguez, J. Casillas-Martín, J. Jerez-Vázquez, and L. Barrientos-Gómez.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martínez-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Other members of Primary Health Care Research Group (INFICAP) who authored this study are: G.C. Sánchez-Gil, M.Á. Elena-Lucas, R. Paniagua-de-la-Calle, I. Castellanos-López, M.Á. García-Heredia, A.M. Cerón-Sanz, B. Victoria-González, C. Monsalve-Martín, J.M. Duque-Heras, M.J. Juanes-Hernández, J. Saura-Contí, J.L. Soto-Sáez, C. Román-Moraleda, C. Ruiz-Arias, B. Martín-Mora, R. Escolano-García, J.S. Cantero-Bengoechea, E. García-López, A. López-Pelegrín, E. Padilla-Martin, M. Martínez-Rodríguez, J. Casillas-Martín, J. Jerez-Vázquez, and L. Barrientos-Gómez.
authors.forename: Joaquín
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Casillas-Martín
authors.affiliation: Other members of Primary Health Care Research Group (INFICAP) who authored this study are: G.C. Sánchez-Gil, M.Á. Elena-Lucas, R. Paniagua-de-la-Calle, I. Castellanos-López, M.Á. García-Heredia, A.M. Cerón-Sanz, B. Victoria-González, C. Monsalve-Martín, J.M. Duque-Heras, M.J. Juanes-Hernández, J. Saura-Contí, J.L. Soto-Sáez, C. Román-Moraleda, C. Ruiz-Arias, B. Martín-Mora, R. Escolano-García, J.S. Cantero-Bengoechea, E. García-López, A. López-Pelegrín, E. Padilla-Martin, M. Martínez-Rodríguez, J. Casillas-Martín, J. Jerez-Vázquez, and L. Barrientos-Gómez.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jerez-Vázquez
authors.affiliation: Other members of Primary Health Care Research Group (INFICAP) who authored this study are: G.C. Sánchez-Gil, M.Á. Elena-Lucas, R. Paniagua-de-la-Calle, I. Castellanos-López, M.Á. García-Heredia, A.M. Cerón-Sanz, B. Victoria-González, C. Monsalve-Martín, J.M. Duque-Heras, M.J. Juanes-Hernández, J. Saura-Contí, J.L. Soto-Sáez, C. Román-Moraleda, C. Ruiz-Arias, B. Martín-Mora, R. Escolano-García, J.S. Cantero-Bengoechea, E. García-López, A. López-Pelegrín, E. Padilla-Martin, M. Martínez-Rodríguez, J. Casillas-Martín, J. Jerez-Vázquez, and L. Barrientos-Gómez.
authors.forename: Lucía
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barrientos-Gómez
mesh_terms: D059787:Acute Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D010147:Pain Measurement; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D016896:Treatment Outcome