title: Subchronic exposure to diflubenzuron causes health disorders in neotropical freshwater fish, Prochilodus lineatus.
abstract: The action of diflubenzuron (DFB) was evaluated in a freshwater fish, Prochilodus lineatus, after exposure to 0.06, 0.12, 0.25, or 0.50 mg L(-1) DFB for 14 days. Erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities (ENA), the gill activity of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, H(+)-ATPase and carbonic anhydrase (CA), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) and histopathological changes in the gills and liver were determined. The number of micronuclei increased in fish exposed to 0.25 and 0.50 mg L(-1) DFB. Plasma Cl(-) and the CA activity decreased, while the activity of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and of H(+)-ATPase increased in fish exposed to 0.25 and 0.50 mg L(-1) DFB. LPO did not change in the gills but increased in the liver of fish exposed to 0.25 and 0.50 mg L(-1) DFB. In the gills, histopathological changes indicated disperse lesions and slight to moderate damage in fish exposed to 0.50 mg L(-1) DFB, whereas in the liver, these changes were significantly greater in fish exposed to 0.25 and 0.50 mg L(-1) DFB, indicating moderate to severe damage. Continuous exposure to DFB is potentially toxic to P. lineatus, causing heath disorders when the fish is exposed to the two highest DFB concentrations, which are applied to control parasites in aquaculture and to control mosquito populations in the environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tayrine Paschoaletti
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Benze
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marise Margareth
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sakuragui
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucas Henrique de Paula
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Zago
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marisa Narciso
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Fernandes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D060125:Characiformes / Q000378:metabolism; D004132:Diflubenzuron / Q000633:toxicity*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D004132:Diflubenzuron
keywords: H+-ATPase; Na+/K+-ATPase; carbonic anhydrase; genotoxicity; gills; histopathology; lipid peroxidation; liver; plasma ions