title: The Basic Documentation for Psycho-Oncology Short Form (PO-Bado SF)--an expert rating scale for distress screening: development and psychometric properties.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study is to validate the Basic Documentation for Psycho-Oncology Short Form (PO-Bado SF), a six item interview-based expert rating scale for distress screening in cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a heterogeneous multicenter study sample (n = 1551), we examined validity, reliability, and dimensionality of the PO-Bado SF. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Distress Thermometer, the Questionnaire on Stress in Cancer, and the Patient Health Questionnaire were used to investigate convergent validity. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to address unidimensionality. An optimal cutoff point was determined by ROC analysis and the maximum of Youden's index. An additional study with n = 41 audio recorded PO-Bado SF interviews was carried out to assess inter-rater reliability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of the study sample was 64.0 (SD = 12.0), 42% were women. About 24% of the patients suffered from metastases. The one-factor solution was confirmed; internal consistency of the PO-Bado SF was high (α = 0.84). The PO-Bado SF total score correlated significantly with all psychosocial measures, the highest correlation was with the HADS total score (r = 0.64). Patients with severe disease conditions (metastases, psychological/psychiatric treatment in the past, low performance status) received higher distress ratings (p < 0.001). Using HADS total score (>13) as external criterion, an optimal PO-Bado SF cutoff score of >9 emerged (sensitivity 0.75; specificity 0.82). Inter-rater reliability was satisfactory for each of the six items (intra class correlation of 0.75 to 0.85).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PO-Bado SF is a short, reliable and valid expert rating scale to identify distressed cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychosocial Oncology, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Birgitt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Marten-Mittag
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychosocial Oncology, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.|Roman-Herzog Comprehensive Cancer Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Book
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Psychology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Britta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Buchhold
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychosocial Oncology, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dinkel
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychosocial Oncology, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Bärbel
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gründobler
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychosocial Oncology, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Henrich
authors.affiliation: Klinikum Dritter Orden, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychosocial Oncology, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Celia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pirker
authors.affiliation: Klinikum Dritter Orden, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Regenberg
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychosocial Oncology, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schickel
authors.affiliation: Universitäres Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Bianca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Senf
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychosocial Oncology, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wünsch
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychosocial Oncology, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.|Roman-Herzog Comprehensive Cancer Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Herschbach
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: cancer; distress screening; expert rating; oncology; psychometric evaluation