title: Clustering visual field test points based on rates of progression to improve the prediction of future damage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop new visual field (VF) sectors based on pointwise rates of glaucomatous VF progression ("progression regions") and to evaluate their usefulness for predicting future progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  A training dataset consisting of 10 VFs from each of 412 eyes in 412 open-angle glaucoma patients and a validation dataset consisting of 15 VFs from each of 71 eyes in 45 patients were investigated. First, using the training dataset, the VF was divided into small regions, according to the rates of progression of all 52 test points in the VF. Then, using the initial four VFs of the validation dataset, total deviation (TD) values in the 10th VF were predicted by applying linear regression analysis in derived regions and the absolute prediction error was calculated. The analysis was iterated, predicting TD values of the 10th VF, but each time including an additional VF in the regression (from five to nine VFs). Absolute prediction errors were then compared with conventional pointwise linear regression (PLR) and regression based on Nouri-Mahdavi (NM) sectors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three progression regions were derived. In general, absolute prediction errors were significantly smaller for regression based on these regions compared with PLR and NM sectors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Predictions of VF progression can be improved by dividing the VF into small regions based on clusters of test points with similar progression rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Orthopic and Visual Science, Department of Rehabilitation, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirasawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirasawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Asaoka
mesh_terms: D016000:Cluster Analysis; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000379:methods*; D014794:Visual Fields
keywords: clustering; glaucoma; static perimetry; visual field