title: Towards a behavioral vaccine: exposure to accessible temptation when self-regulation is endorsed enhances future resistance to similar temptations in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Access to temptation is blamed for the rising prevalence of obesity in children. A popular way to counter this is to restrict physical access to temptation. As restrictions cannot be widely applied and may have adverse long-term effects, we examine whether accessible temptations in situations that endorse self-regulation train self-regulation. Specifically, we design a method that enhances children's self-regulatory skills in the long term.
  
  
  METHODS
  In two studies, participants were exposed to temptation in phase one and their self-regulatory skills were measured in phase two. In Study 1, we endorsed self-regulation in the presence of accessible temptation for four consecutive days and measured consumption on the fifth day. In Study 2, we exposed children to temptation similarly and, in addition, manipulated temptation strength to show that being tempted is crucial for the skill to develop. Next, we measured saliva and preferences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings suggest that exposure to temptation in a situation that supports self-regulation leads to better resistance to temptations in later contexts of accessible temptation in girls, but not boys.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that interventions aiming at strengthening children's self-regulatory skills through controlled exposure to temptation might be a productive long-term strategy to reduce consumption of unhealthy food.
authors.affiliation: European School of Management and Technology, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Cara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Ridder
authors.forename: Emely
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Vet
authors.forename: Aiste
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grubliauskiene
authors.forename: Siegfried
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dewitte
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002182:Candy; D002648:Child; D003080:Cold Temperature; D065786:Delay Discounting; D004435:Eating / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000523:psychology*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007171:Implosive Therapy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D012472:Salivation / Q000502:physiology; D057566:Self Report; D000068356:Self-Control; D013649:Taste / Q000502:physiology
keywords: behavioral conflict; children; food temptation; pre-exposure; restriction goal; self-regulation