title: [Update on fecal incontinence].
abstract: Fecal incontinence is defined as an accidental loss of stool or the inability to control defecation. There are three subtypes of fecal incontinence: passive incontinence, urge incontinence and soiling. About 8% of the adult population suffer from fecal incontinence, but only 1/3 consults a doctor. Beside the individual handicap, fecal incontinence has a huge socio-economic impact. Causes of fecal incontinence are changes in the quantity or quality of the stool and structural or functional disorders. Diagnostics encompass the medical history, clinical examination including the digital rectal examination, imaging (particularly endoanal ultrasound) as well as functional diagnostics (anal manometry and defecography). Nowadays, the most promising conservative treatment option consists of loperamide and biofeedback therapy. The most successful invasive method is the sacral neuromodulation.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Universitätsspital Zürich.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Buhmann
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Universitätsspital Zürich.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nocito
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000601:surgery; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013557:Switzerland
keywords: Epidemiologie; Stuhlinkontinenz; Therapie; Ursache; cause; epidemiology; fecal incontinence; incontinence fécale; management; neuromodualtion sacrée; sacral neuromodulation; sakrale Neuromodulation; traitement; épidémiologie; étiologie