title: Effect of germinated brown rice extracts on pancreatic lipase, adipogenesis and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study investigated anti-obesity effects of seven different solvent (n-hexane, toluene, dicholoromethane, ethyl acetate, absolute methanol, 80% methanol and deionized water) extracts of germinated brown rice (GBR) on pancreatic lipase activity, adipogenesis and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  GBR were extracted separately by employing different solvents with ultrasound-assisted. Pancreatic lipase activity was determined spectrophotometrically by measuring the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl butyrate (p-NPB) to p-nitrophenol at 405 nm. Adipogenesis and lipolysis were assayed in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes by using Oil Red O staining and glycerol release measurement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GBR extract using hexane showed the highest inhibitory effect (13.58 ± 0.860%) at concentration of 200 μg/ml followed by hexane extract at 100 μg/ml (9.98 ± 1.048%) while ethyl acetate extract showed the lowest (2.62 ± 0.677%) at concentration of 200 μg/ml on pancreatic lipase activity. Water extract at 300 μg/ml showed 61.55 ± 3.824% of Oil Red O staining material (OROSM), a marker of adipogenesis. It significantly decrease (p < 0.05) lipid accumulation than control (OROSM = 100%), follow by ethyl acetate extract at 300 μg/ml (OROSM = 65.17 ± 3.131%). All the GBR extracts induced lipolysis with 1.22-1.83 fold of greater glycerol release than control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GBR extracts especially the least polar and intermediate polar solvent extracts exhibited inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase, decrease fat accumulation by adipocyte differentiation inhibition, and stimulate lipolysis on adipocytes. Therefore, GBR could be furthered study and developed as a functional food in helping the treatment and/or prevention of obesity.
authors.forename: See Meng
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Yong Meng
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Goh
authors.forename: Wen Bin
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Kuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. sploh@upm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Su Peng
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Loh
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D018525:Germination; D008049:Lipase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D008066:Lipolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014280:Triglycerides
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014280:Triglycerides; D008049:Lipase