title: The evolution and development of an instrument to measure essential professional nursing practices.
abstract: Nursing continues to evolve from a task-oriented occupation to a holistic professional practice. Increased professionalism requires accurate measurement of care processes and practice. Nursing studies often omit measurement of the relationship between structures in the work environment and processes of care or between processes of care and patient outcomes. Process measurement is integral to understanding and improving nursing practice. This article describes the development of an updated Essentials of Magnetism process measurement instrument for clinical nurses (CNs) practicing on inpatient units in hospitals. It has been renamed Essential Professional Nursing Practices: CN.
authors.affiliation: Author Affiliations: President (Dr Kramer), Health Science Research Associates, Apache Junction, Arizona; Associate Professor (Dr Brewer), College of Nursing, The University of Arizona, Tucson; Administrator (Ms Halfer), Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Illinois; Executive Director (Dr Hnatiuk), Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses, Medical-Surgical Nursing Certification Board, Pitman, New Jersey; Associate Professor (Dr MacPhee), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Vice President (Ms Schmalenberg), Health Science Research Associates, Tahoe City, California.
authors.forename: Marlene
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Barbara B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Brewer
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Halfer
authors.forename: Cynthia Nowicki
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Hnatiuk
authors.forename: Maura
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: MacPhee
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmalenberg
mesh_terms: D019985:Benchmarking; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D009720:Nurse Clinicians / Q000458:organization & administration*; D009738:Nursing Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D057184:Practice Patterns, Nurses' / Q000458:organization & administration*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D017132:Workplace