title: [Nasopharyngeal carriage rate, antimicrobial resistance and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae among children with upper respiratory infection].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate nasopharyngeal carriage rate, antimicrobial resistance and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae among children with upper respiratory infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nasopharygeal swabs were collected from children with upper respiratory infection visiting the outpatient department of Beijing Children′s Hospital between March 2013 and February 2014. The antibiotic susceptibility was tested by Etest method, and the serotype was determined by Quellung reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The nasopharyngeal carriage rate for Streptococcus pneumoniae was 23.8% (699/2 941). One hundred isolates were randomly chosen for antimicrobial susceptiblity test and serotyping. Up to 98.0% isolates were susceptible to parenteral penicillin. The susceptible rate against oral penicillin, however, was 33.0%. The non-susceptible rate to erythromycin and azithromycin was 97.0%. The multi-drug resistance rate was up to 86.0%. The common serotypes were 6A(12.0%), 19F(12.0%), 6B(10.0%), 23F(9.0%) and 14(8.0%). The coverage rates of 7-, 10- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine were 41.0%, 42.0% and 59.0% respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  About 25% of children with upper respiratory infection are nasopharyngeal colonized by Streptococcus pneumoniae. The isolates show a high antimicrobial resistance. The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine covers about 60.0% of the isolates.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children and National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, Microbiological Laboratory in Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children&prime;s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China. jiuhu2655@sina.com.
authors.forename: Sang-Jie
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: A-Dong
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Kai-Hu
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Yong-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000382:microbiology*; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D012703:Serotyping; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines