title: Alcohol use longitudinally predicts adjustment and impairment in college students with ADHD: The role of executive functions.
abstract: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate whether alcohol consumption longitudinally predicts the adjustment, overall functioning, and grade point average (GPA) of college students with ADHD and to determine whether self-report of executive functioning (EF) mediates these relationships. Sixty-two college students comprehensively diagnosed with ADHD completed ratings at the beginning and end of the school year. Regression analyses revealed that alcohol consumption rated at the beginning of the year significantly predicted self-report of adjustment and overall impairment at the end of the year, above and beyond ADHD symptoms and baseline levels of adjustment/impairment but did not predict GPA. Exploratory multiple mediator analyses suggest that alcohol use impacts impairment primarily through EF deficits in self-motivation. EF deficits in the motivation to refrain from pursuing immediately rewarding behaviors in order to work toward long-term goals appear to be particularly important in understanding why college students with ADHD who consume alcohol have a higher likelihood of experiencing significant negative outcomes. The implications of these findings for the prevention of the negative functional outcomes often experienced by college students with ADHD are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record
authors.affiliation: Virginia Commonwealth University.
authors.forename: Joshua M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Langberg
authors.affiliation: Virginia Commonwealth University.
authors.forename: Melissa R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Dvorsky
authors.affiliation: Virginia Commonwealth University.
authors.forename: Kristen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Kipperman
authors.affiliation: Virginia Commonwealth University.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Molitor
authors.affiliation: Virginia Commonwealth University.
authors.forename: Laura D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Eddy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D057566:Self Report; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012917:Social Adjustment; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology; D014495:Universities; D055815:Young Adult