title: Processed Aloe vera gel ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced immunotoxicity.
abstract: The effects of processed Aloe vera gel (PAG) on cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced immunotoxicity were examined in mice. Intraperitoneal injection of CP significantly reduced the total number of lymphocytes and erythrocytes in the blood. Oral administration of PAG quickly restored CP-induced lymphopenia and erythropenia in a dose-dependent manner. The reversal of CP-induced hematotoxicity by PAG was mediated by the functional preservation of Peyer's patch cells. Peyer's patch cells isolated from CP-treated mice, which were administered PAG, produced higher levels of T helper 1 cytokines and colony-stimulating factors (CSF) in response to concanavalin A stimulation as compared with those isolated from CP-treated control mice. PAG-derived polysaccharides directly activated Peyer's patch cells isolated from normal mice to produce cytokines including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, interferon-γ, granulocyte-CSF, and granulocyte-macrophage-CSF. The cytokines produced by polysaccharide-stimulated Peyer's patch cells had potent proliferation-inducing activity on mouse bone marrow cells. In addition, oral administration of PAG restored IgA secretion in the intestine after CP treatment. These results indicated that PAG could be an effective immunomodulator and that it could prevent CP-induced immunotoxic side effects.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea. littlei@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Sun-A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Im
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea. yes3343@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Ki-Hyang
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea. dhkslzl@naver.com.
authors.forename: Hee-Suk
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea. newghl@nate.com.
authors.forename: Ki-Hwa
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Univera Inc., Seoul 133-120, Korea. ejayshin@univera.com.
authors.forename: Eunju
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Univera Inc., Seoul 133-120, Korea. sgildo@univera.com.
authors.forename: Seon-Gil
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Do
authors.affiliation: Univera Inc., Seoul 133-120, Korea. thjo@namyangglobal.com.
authors.forename: Tae Hyung
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea. yipark@korea.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Young In
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea. cklee@chungbuk.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Chong-Kil
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000504:Aloe / Q000737:chemistry*; D000740:Anemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000633:toxicity*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000096:biosynthesis; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D008231:Lymphopenia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D051379:Mice; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D005782:Gels; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D011134:Polysaccharides; D020011:Protective Agents; D003520:Cyclophosphamide