title: T lymphocytes and acute kidney injury: update.
abstract: The immune system is among the key pathogenic factors in acute kidney injury (AKI). Various immune cells, including dendritic cells, natural killer T cells, T and B lymphocytes, neutrophils and macrophages are involved. Conventional CD4+ lymphocytes are well established to participate in early injury, and CD4+CD25+FoxP3 regulatory T cells are protective and can accelerate repair. A newly identified kidney T cell receptor + CD4-CD8- (double-negative) T cell has complex functions, including potentially anti-inflammatory roles in AKI. In this mini review, we summarize the data on the role of lymphocytes in AKI and set the stage for further mechanistic studies as well as interventions to improve outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., USA.
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Martina
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bandapalle
authors.forename: A R A
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Hamad
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rabb
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D012038:Regeneration; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000276:immunology; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018122:B7-1 Antigen