title: Increase in oxygen consumption after albuterol inhalation in ventilated infants and children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if inhaled albuterol (salbutamol) increases oxygen consumption (V'O2) in children and, if so, the duration of this effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oxygen consumption was measured by indirect calorimetry using the Argon dilution technique with a respiratory mass spectrometer. After measurement of baseline values, albuterol was administered and subsequent measurements were performed at 10 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, and 4 hours.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multidisciplinary PICU in a university teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven intubated infants and children (five girls, six boys) with a mean age of 20 months (range, 1 mo to 8 yr) and a mean weight of 10.7 kg (range, 3.1-23 kg) who required therapeutic albuterol inhalations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine hundred micrograms of albuterol (10 puffs) was administered by a metered-dose inhaler into a spacer through the inspiratory arm of the ventilator circuit near to the patient, during 10 mechanically assisted breaths.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All children showed an increase in V'O2 within 10 minutes (mean increase 48.6%). The increased V'O2 was still elevated (42.3% above baseline) at 1 hour, but 3 hours after albuterol inhalation, the V'O2 was back to baseline in all patients. Heart rate increased significantly at 10 minutes, 1 hour, and 2 hours after inhalation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a large increase in V'O2 after albuterol inhalation. This effect lasts up to 3 hours.
authors.affiliation: Division of Critical Care, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Patrick A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Christopher J L
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Newth
authors.forename: Cindy A C
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hugen
authors.forename: John K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Maher
authors.forename: Timothy W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Deakers
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D008297:Male; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D000420:Albuterol