title: Phthalates in Commercial Chinese Rice Wines: Concentrations and the Cumulative Risk Assessment to Adult Males in Shanghai.
abstract: The concentrations of 16 phthalates in 164 commercial Chinese rice wines (CRW) were detected by GC-MS, and consumption data on CRW in different packaging types was investigated from 634 adult males in Shanghai using a food frequency questionnaire. Based on the principles of probabilistic modelling and cumulative risk assessment, the exposure and health risk of phthalates from CRW to adult males in Shanghai was evaluated. DMP, DEP, DIBP, DnBP, BBP, and DEHP were detected in the samples, the range of detection frequency of individual phthalates varied from 6.10% for BBP to 15.24% for DIBP, and the detected concentrations were 51.06-200.34 ng/mL. All the respondents consumed CRW, 90.69% of them consumed CRW 0.01-49.9 mL/d, the minimum value of the average daily intake of CRW was 6.25 mL/d, the median was 13.72 mL/d and the maximum was 300 mL/d. The median exposure level of the 6 detected Phthalates to adult males in Shanghai were 6.58-7.10 ng/(d•kg), and the maximum exposure level were 137.38-540.47 ng/(d•kg). The cumulative exposure health risk index (HI) based on the median and maximum exposure level of the 6 Phthalates (DMP, DEP, DIBP, DnBP, BBP, and DEHP) were 0.001147 and 0.063396, both were far less than 1. In conclusion, CRW were generally consumed by the adult males in Shanghai, although multiple phthalates were detected in commercial CRW, health risk of such exposure levels from commercial CRW to the target adult males in Shanghai was very low.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Tourism and Food Science, Shanghai Business School, Shanghai 200235, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Tourism and Food Science, Shanghai Business School, Shanghai 200235, China.
authors.forename: Wen Wei
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Shu Guang
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002681:China; D002947:Cities; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D059022:Food Safety; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010795:Phthalic Acids