title: Carotenoids concentration of Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.) fruit oil using cross-flow filtration technology.
abstract: Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.) fruit, a traditional fruit in Vietnam and other countries of eastern Asia, contains an oil rich in carotenoids, especially lycopene and β-carotene. Carotenoids in gac fruit oil were concentrated using cross-flow filtration. In total recycle mode, effect of membrane pore size, temperature, and transmembrane pressure (TMP) on permeate flux and on retention coefficients has been exploited. Resistance of membrane, polarization concentration, and fouling were also analyzed. Optimum conditions for a high permeate flux and a good carotenoids retention are 5 nm, 2 bars, and 40 °C of membrane pore size, TMP, and temperature, respectively. In batch mode, retentate was analyzed through index of acid, phospholipids, total carotenoids content (TCC), total antioxidant activity, total soluble solids, total solid content, color measurement, and viscosity. TCC in retentate is higher 8.6 times than that in feeding oil. Lipophilic antioxidant activities increase 6.8 times, while hydrophilic antioxidant activities reduce 40%. The major part of total resistance is due to polarization (55%) while fouling and intrinsic membrane contribute about 30% and 24%, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Transfers, Interfaces and Processes-Chemical Engineering Unit, Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Univ. Libre de Bruxelles, F.D. Roosevelt Ave. 50, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium; and; Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Nong Lam Univ, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Huỳnh Cang
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Mai
authors.forename: Vinh
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Truong
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Debaste
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis*; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000032:analysis; D005374:Filtration; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077276:Lycopene; D029775:Momordica / Q000737:chemistry*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000032:analysis; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013696:Temperature; D014744:Vietnam; D014783:Viscosity; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D010743:Phospholipids; D010938:Plant Oils; D019207:beta Carotene; D002338:Carotenoids; D000077276:Lycopene
keywords: Carotenoids; Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng; concentration; cross-flow filtration; gac fruit oil