title: Frequency of Betapapillomavirus infections among HIV infected and uninfected Black Zimbabweans with cutaneous lesions.
abstract: Human papillomavirus (HPV) types from the Betapapillomavirus (β-HPV) genus are plentiful in non-melanoma skin cancers and warts among Caucasians, but there is paucity of information among black Africans. To determine the frequency of β-HPV genotypes in cutaneous infections among Black Zimbabweans, a cross-sectional study was carried out in which blood samples and skin biopsies were collected from patients infected and uninfected with HIV attending a referral hospital. We included 144 participants (72 infected and 72 uninfected with HIV) with clinically apparent cutaneous warts (n = 34), suspected non-melanoma skin cancers (n = 98) and Kaposi sarcoma (KS) (n = 18). The skin biopsies were analyzed for HPV DNA presence and type. β-HPV DNA was identified among 70% (101/144) and was significantly higher among patients infected with HIV, 79% (57/72) compared to the HIV uninfected 61% (44/72) [OR = 2.42, 95% CI (1.09-5.47), P = 0.018]. All patients with warts, 89% of those with KS and 58% of those with non-melanoma skin cancers were HPV DNA positive and β-HPV type 14 was identified in nearly half of the study participants 49.3% (71/144). Single HPV infections were observed in 33.7% (34/101) of the participants that were HPV DNA positive, 66.3% (67/101) had multiple HPV types. There was no significant difference between patients infected and uninfected with HIV in terms of multiple HPV infections. The distribution of different HPV types did not reveal any association with age and gender but there was an association between HPV 14 and HIV immune status. β-HPVs are not uncommon among the Black Zimbabweans with skin lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe.
authors.forename: Alltalents T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Murahwa
authors.forename: Faith C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Muchemwa
authors.forename: Kerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Duri
authors.forename: Russell B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Kanyera
authors.forename: Mqondisi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tshabalala
authors.forename: Monalisa T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Manhanzva
authors.forename: Munyaradzi P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Mapingure
authors.forename: Babill
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stray-Pedersen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D052686:Betapapillomavirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D044383:Black People; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D015995:Prevalence; D017193:Skin Diseases, Viral / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D055815:Young Adult; D015030:Zimbabwe / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Kaposi sarcoma; cutaneous warts; human papillomavirus; non-melanoma skin cancers