title: High-speed intravascular photoacoustic imaging of lipid-laden atherosclerotic plaque enabled by a 2-kHz barium nitrite raman laser.
abstract: Lipid deposition inside the arterial wall is a key indicator of plaque vulnerability. An intravascular photoacoustic (IVPA) catheter is considered a promising device for quantifying the amount of lipid inside the arterial wall. Thus far, IVPA systems suffered from slow imaging speed (~50 s per frame) due to the lack of a suitable laser source for high-speed excitation of molecular overtone vibrations. Here, we report an improvement in IVPA imaging speed by two orders of magnitude, to 1.0 s per frame, enabled by a custom-built, 2-kHz master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA)-pumped, barium nitrite [Ba(NO3)2] Raman laser. This advancement narrows the gap in translating the IVPA technology to the clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47906, USA.
authors.forename: Pu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.
authors.forename: Teng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: 1] Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47906, USA [2] Spectral Energy, LLC, Dayton, Ohio, 45431, USA.
authors.forename: Mikhail N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Slipchenko
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA [2] Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, California 92612, USA and Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Shanshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Physics Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47906, USA.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.
authors.forename: K Kirk
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Shung
authors.affiliation: Spectral Energy, LLC, Dayton, Ohio, 45431, USA.
authors.forename: Sukesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular &Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sturek
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.
authors.forename: Qifa
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Zhongping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47906, USA.
authors.forename: Ji-Xin
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007083:Iliac Artery / Q000473:pathology; D007834:Lasers; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D061088:Photoacoustic Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000473:pathology*; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids