title: Results from a dietary survey in an Indian T2DM population: a STARCH study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the dietary total and complex carbohydrate (CHO) contents in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) participants in India.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 796 participants in this cross-sectional, single-visit, multicentre, two-arm, single-country survey. Participants were enrolled from 10 specialty endocrinology/dialectology centres from five regions of India.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 796 participants (Asian) were enrolled in this study (385, T2DM and 409, non-T2DM). Key inclusion criteria-male or female ≥18 years, diagnosed with T2DM ≥12 months (T2DM), and not on any diet plan (non-T2DM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Primary outcome was to find out the percentage of total energy intake as simple and complex CHO from total CHO. Secondary outcomes were to find the differences in percentage of total energy intake as simple CHO, complex CHO, proteins and fats between T2DM and non-T2DM groups. The percentage of T2DM participants adhering to diet plan and showing glycaemic controls were also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (SD) of total calorie intake per day (Kcal) was 1547 (610, 95% CI 1486 to 1608) and 2132 (1892, 95% CI 1948 to 2316), respectively, for T2DM and non-T2DM groups. In the T2DM group (n=385), the mean (SD) percentage of total energy intake as total CHO, complex CHO and simple CHO was 64.1±8.3 (95% CI 63.3 to 64.9), 57.0±11.0 (95% CI 55.9 to 58.1) and 7.1±10.8 (95% CI 6.0 to 8.2), respectively. The mean (SD) percentage of complex CHO intake from total CHO was 89.5±15.3 (95% CI 88.0 to 91.1). The mean (SD) total protein/fat intake per day (g) was 57.1 (74.0)/37.2 (18.6) and 57.9 (27.2)/55.3 (98.2) in T2DM and non-T2DM groups, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows that CHO constitutes 64.1% of total energy from diet in T2DM participants, higher than that recommended in India. However, our findings need to be confirmed in a larger epidemiological survey.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT01450592 & Clinical Trial Registry of India: CTRI/2012/02/002398.
authors.affiliation: Joshi Clinic, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Shashank R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhansali
authors.affiliation: MLN Medical College, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Sarita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bajaj
authors.affiliation: Subodh Banzal's Clinic, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Subodh S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Banzal
authors.affiliation: Bangalore Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Center Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Mala
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dharmalingam
authors.affiliation: Krishna Diabetes Clinic and Educational Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Shachin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Satinath
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukhopadhyay
authors.affiliation: Gujarat Endocrine Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Parag R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Sahay's Endocrine and Diabetes Clinic, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sahay
authors.affiliation: Sarkar's Diabetes Nutrition Clinic and Research Center, Agartala, Tripura, India.
authors.forename: Swapan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Affairs, Bayer Zydus Pharma Private Limited, Thane, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Pravin V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Manjrekar
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Affairs, Bayer Zydus Pharma Private Limited, Thane, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Rahul T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Rathod
authors.affiliation: Mumbai Diet and Health Center, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Shilpa S
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0331-6425
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Joshi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D004032:Diet; D014676:Diet, Vegetarian / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012923:Social Class
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats
keywords: Carbohydrate Dietary; Diabetes Mellitus; Glucose Conrol