title: Whole-genome sequencing of the snub-nosed monkey provides insights into folivory and evolutionary history.
abstract: Colobines are a unique group of Old World monkeys that principally eat leaves and seeds rather than fruits and insects. We report the sequencing at 146× coverage, de novo assembly and analyses of the genome of a male golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) and resequencing at 30× coverage of three related species (Rhinopithecus bieti, Rhinopithecus brelichi and Rhinopithecus strykeri). Comparative analyses showed that Asian colobines have an enhanced ability to derive energy from fatty acids and to degrade xenobiotics. We found evidence for functional evolution in the colobine RNASE1 gene, encoding a key secretory RNase that digests the high concentrations of bacterial RNA derived from symbiotic microflora. Demographic reconstructions indicated that the profile of ancient effective population sizes for R. roxellana more closely resembles that of giant panda rather than its congeners. These findings offer new insights into the dietary adaptations and evolutionary history of colobine primates.
authors.affiliation: 1] Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xuming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: 1] Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Boshi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jinbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Sudhir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhijin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Nature Conservation at the Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Huijuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: 1] Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Guangjian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.
authors.forename: Mingzhou
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Baoping
authors.identifier: 0000000235740522
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xingyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.affiliation: 1] Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Dawei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Fanglei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.affiliation: Beijing Wildlife Park, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yujing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Beijing Zoo, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chenglin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 1] Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Pingfen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Zuofu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wenkai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hailong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhisheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Baoguo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roos
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA. [2] Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Garber
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity and Ecological Processes Group, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Bruford
authors.affiliation: Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ruiqiang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry; D016673:Colobinae / Q000235:genetics*; D004032:Diet; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016678:Genome; D005843:Geography; D060434:Herbivory / Q000235:genetics*; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D054892:Metagenome; D009154:Mutation; D010802:Phylogeny; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012260:Ribonucleases / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D015262:Xenobiotics; D002482:Cellulose; D012260:Ribonucleases