title: 11C-acetate PET imaging in patients with multiple sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Activation of glial cells is a cardinal feature in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology, and acetate has been reported to be selectively uptaken by astrocytes in the CNS. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of PET with (11)C-acetate for MS diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six patients with relapsing-remitting MS and 6 healthy volunteers (HV) were enrolled. The (11)C-acetate brain uptake on PET was measured in patients with MS and HV. Volume-of-interest analysis of cerebral gray and white matter based on the segmentation technique for co-registered MRI and voxel-based statistical parametric analysis were performed. Correlation between 11C-acetate uptake and the lesion number in T1- and T2- weighted MR images were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The standardized uptake value (SUV) of 11C-acetate was increased in both white and gray matter in MS patients compared to HV. Voxel-based statistical analysis revealed a significantly increased SUV relative to that in the bilateral thalami (SUVt) in a broad area of white matter, particularly in the subcortical white matter of MS patients. The numbers of T2 lesions and T1 black holes were significantly correlated with SUV of (11)C-acetate in white and gray matter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 11C-acetate uptake significantly increased in MS patients and correlated to the number of MRI lesions. These preliminary data suggest that (11)C-acetate PET can be a useful clinical examination for MS patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazushiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takata
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Eku
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shimosegawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsusada
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okuno
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koda
authors.affiliation: Hirosaki University Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hatazawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakatsuji
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D019342:Acetic Acid