title: Role of nanomedicines in delivery of anti-acetylcholinesterase compounds to the brain in Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifarious progressive neuro-degenerative state among elders. Potentiation of central cholinergic activity by using acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) is considered as one of the major pharmacological means for the management of AD. Investigation in the past and the rest decades revealed that many drugs with anti-AD activity, including the AChEI have been discovered from natural and synthetic origin but getting success in their brain delivery is still limited. However, barriers like blood-brain barrier, blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and p-glycoproteins restrict the effective and safe drug delivery to the brain in patients with AD. Advancement in nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems over the last decade exemplifies the effective drug delivery and targeting to the brain with controlled rate in various diseases including AD. Till recently, diverse kinds of nanomedicines for targeting of the anti-AD drugs in brain are being studied. In this review, we have highlighted the recent progress in AChEI, challenges in their effective brain delivery (physicochemical properties and biological barriers) and possible nanotechnology-based strategies that can deliver drugs across the CNS barriers during AD.
authors.forename: Mohammad Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Javed
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Saima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.forename: Mahfoozur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anwar
authors.forename: Neha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mallick
authors.forename: Farhan J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Ziyaur
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Mohammad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kamal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands. sohailakhtermph@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sohail
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akhter
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors