title: Concentration of metabolizable energy and digestibility of energy, phosphorus, and amino acids in lemna protein concentrate fed to growing pigs.
abstract: Lemna protein concentrate (LPC; 68.0% CP) is produced by extracting protein from de-oiled and dehydrated biomaterials from plants of the Lemnaceae family and may be used as a protein source for animals. There are, however, no published data on the nutritional value of LPC fed to pigs. Three experiments were, therefore, conducted to determine the concentration of ME, the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P, and the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in LPC and to compare these values to values for fish meal and soybean meal (SBM). Experiment 1 was conducted to determine the ME of LPC, fish meal, SBM, and corn. Thirty-two barrows (initial BW: 16.8 ± 2.8 kg) were placed in metabolism cages and allotted to a randomized complete block design with 4 diets and 8 replicate pigs per diet. A corn-based diet and 3 diets that contained corn and LPC, fish meal, or SBM were formulated. Feces and urine were collected for 5 d after a 5-d adaptation period, and all samples were analyzed for GE. Results indicated that the concentration of ME was not different among corn, fish meal, and SBM (3,855, 3,904, and 4,184 kcal/kg DM, respectively), but there was a tendency (P = 0.08) for a reduced ME in LPC (3,804 kcal/kg DM) compared with SBM. In Exp. 2, 24 barrows (initial BW: 12.5 ± 2.5 kg) were allotted to a randomized complete block design with 3 diets and 8 replicate pigs per diet and used to determine the STTD of P in LPC, fish meal, and SBM. Three diets that each contained 1 of the 3 test ingredients as the sole source of P were formulated. Pigs were placed in metabolism cages, and feces were collected for 5 d after a 5-d adaptation period. The STTD of P in LPC (72.8%) was not different from the STTD of P in fish meal (65.6%), but tended (P = 0.07) to be greater than in SBM (62.8%). The SID of AA in LPC, SBM, and fish meal was determined in Exp. 3. Eight barrows (initial BW: 21.4 ± 4.0 kg) were equipped with a T-cannula in the distal ileum and randomly allotted to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. A N-free diet and 3 cornstarch-based diets in which SBM, SBM and LPC or SBM and fish meal were the only sources of AA were formulated. The SID of most indispensable AA was greater (P < 0.05) in fish meal than in LPC, but the overall SID of AA was not different between fish meal and LPC. In conclusion, the ME and the STTD of P are not different between LPC and fish meal, but there is a tendency for greater ME in SBM than in LPC, whereas the STTD of P tends to be greater in LPC than in SBM. The SID of the most indispensable AA is greater in fish meal than in LPC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801.
authors.forename: O J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801 hstein@illinois.edu.
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D029064:Araceae; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005394:Fish Flour / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D009753:Nutritive Value / Q000502:physiology; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013025:Glycine max / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D010940:Plant Proteins; D010758:Phosphorus
keywords: amino acids; digestibility; lemna protein concentrate; metabolizable energy; phosphorus; pigs