title: Transplantation: molecular phenotyping of T-cell-mediated rejection.
abstract: A new study has reported a molecular signature of T-cell-mediated rejection in human kidney transplant biopsy samples that is enriched for effector T cells, interferon-γ and macrophages. Inhibitors of T-cell activation, such as CTLA4 and PDL1, were also prominent, raising the possibility that these immunological constrains could be harnessed by therapies for treating rejection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Anita S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Illinois, 909 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Perkins
mesh_terms: D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000235:genetics*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; C423236:CD274 protein, human; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human