title: In vitro photodynamic inactivation effects of Ru(II) complexes on clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus planktonic and biofilm cultures.
abstract: Photosensitizers (PSs) combined with light are able to generate antimicrobial effects. Ru(II) complexes have been recognized as a novel class of PSs. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of photodynamic inactivation (PDI) mediated by three Ru(II) polypyridine complexes, 1-3, against four isolates of clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA-1, MRSA-2, MRSA-3 and MRSA-4). In PDI of a planktonic culture of MRSA-1, compound 3 showed the highest efficacy, likely owing to its advantageous light absorption, (1) O2 quantum yield and bacterial cellular binding. The PDI efficacy of 3 was further evaluated against all other strains and MRSA-1 biofilms. At appropriate PS concentrations, viability reduction of 100% or 96.83% was observed in planktonic or biofilm forms of MRSA, respectively. The mechanisms of action were investigated using negative staining transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was demonstrated that PDI of planktonic bacteria was achieved primarily through damage to the cell envelope. Biofilms were eliminated through both the destruction of their structure and inactivation of the individual bacterial cells. In conclusion, Ru(II) complexes, especially 3, are potential candidates for the effective photodynamic control of MRSA infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; College of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Yucheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qianxiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Hongyou
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Sumin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jiyong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhen
authors.forename: Yanping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Xuesong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010933:Plankton; D017975:Ruthenium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D017975:Ruthenium Compounds