title: [Saving lives with dispatcher-assisted resuscitation: importance of effective telephone instruction].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Survival rates after sudden cardiac arrest could be increased if bystanders could be encouraged to perform CPR until emergency services arrive. This should be initiated by the dispatcher at the emergency control facility who receives the call. For the first time the ERC guidelines of 2010 included instructions to be given to untrained rescuers by the dispatcher. Rapid recognition of cardiac arrest and initiation of emergency measures is assured by means of specific training for the dispatchers.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this investigation was to determine whether the time between an emergency call and beginning of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) could be shortened using a simple protocol and whether a relationship exists between the intensity of phone contact between dispatcher and caller and if this improves the results.
  
  
  METHODS
  In known cases of unconsciousness, group 1 (45 persons) received short CPR instructions via the phone, where the dispatcher was on the phone for continuous advice until emergency services arrived. Group 2 (45 persons) received identical phone instructions like group 1, but the phone call was terminated by the dispatcher after the information was provided. Group 3 (29 persons) only received instructions to start CPR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On average, all test persons in group 1 started reanimation after 68.0 ± 33.5 s, in group 2 after 68.3 ± 25.2 s, and in group 3 after 64.9 ± 34.4 s. The compression frequency on average was 98.3/min in group 1, 84.8/min in group 2, and 85.2/min in group 3; therefore, all groups reached an average frequency of > 80/min. The correct compression depth was achieved by 47.8 % of test persons in group 1, by 44.2 % in group 2, and by 30.2 % in group 3. All volunteers felt well supported. Of the 90 people, 70 did not feel that they were missing instructions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were no significant differences between the groups regarding the target variables. The results show that already extremely short instructions or advice by the dispatcher to start CPR is sufficient to encourage bystanders to give assistance in an emergency. Continuous support over the phone does not appear to be necessary.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik III, Katholisches Klinikum Bochum, Bleichstr. 15, 44787, Bochum, Deutschland, c.kloppe@klinikum-bochum.de.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kloppe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maaßen
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bösader
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hanefeld
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods*; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D061345:Early Medical Intervention; D004631:Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006336:Heart Massage / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008348:Manikins; D008875:Middle Aged; D058687:Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D015996:Survival Rate; D013996:Time and Motion Studies