title: Models of neuroendocrine prostate cancer.
abstract: Prostate cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death in men in the USA and most western countries. Prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma is the most commonly diagnosed form of prostate cancer. Small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is less frequently identified at the time of initial diagnosis, but this highly aggressive form of prostate cancer is increasingly observed in patients who have failed first- and second-line hormone therapy. Thus, developing and exploring models of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NePC) are of increasing importance. This review examines the relevant xenograft tumor and genetically engineered mouse models of NePC, with the aim of addressing salient features and clinical relevance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer BiologyKimmel Cancer CenterDepartments of UrologyRadiation OncologyThomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, BLSB 1008, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA Department of Cancer BiologyKimmel Cancer CenterDepartments of UrologyRadiation OncologyThomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, BLSB 1008, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Berman-Booty
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer BiologyKimmel Cancer CenterDepartments of UrologyRadiation OncologyThomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, BLSB 1008, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA Department of Cancer BiologyKimmel Cancer CenterDepartments of UrologyRadiation OncologyThomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, BLSB 1008, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA Department of Cancer BiologyKimmel Cancer CenterDepartments of UrologyRadiation OncologyThomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, BLSB 1008, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA Department of Cancer BiologyKimmel Cancer CenterDepartments of UrologyRadiation OncologyThomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, BLSB 1008, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA Karen.Knudsen@Jefferson.edu.
authors.forename: Karen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Knudsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D064593:Heterografts; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: castration-resistant prostate cancer; genetically engineered mice; neuroendocrine prostate cancer; xenograft tumors