title: Oral glucose and breast milk as a strategy for pain reduction during the heel lance procedure in newborns.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This paper presents the results of a study on pain reduction in newborns that undergo painful medical procedures. This research analyzed the reactions of babies before and after the heel lance procedure, a diagnostic test performed to detect phenylketonuria. This test involved the extraction of a capillary blood sample with a heel lance, a medical procedure that is painful for neonates.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 24% oral glucose solution and breastfeeding during heal lance.
  
  
  METHODS
  An experimental study was thus conducted on a sample of 93 newborns in the San Cecilio University Hospital in Granada in 2010. The babies in the sample were divided into three groups, depending on what they ingested during the heal lance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results obtained showed that there was an association between the difference in HR and the time before the newborn's HR returned to normal after the heel lance (r = 0.562; p = 0.000). Moreover, a positive relation was found between the absolute difference in HR and the difference in oxygen saturation (OS) (r = 0.538; p = 0.000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The OS was found to be greater in the group of newborns that received breast milk.
authors.affiliation: PhD in Nursing. Associate Professor in the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Healthcare Science, University of Granada. Nurse at the San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada.. mariajaguilar@telefonica.net.
authors.forename: María José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Aguilar Cordero
authors.affiliation: PhD in Nursing. Research Group CTS 367. Andalusian Research Plan. Andalusian Regional Government.. mariajaguilar@telefonica.net.
authors.forename: Norma
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mur Villar
authors.affiliation: PhD in Nursing. Department of Nursing, Faculty of Healthcare Science, University of Granada, Granada.. mariajaguilar@telefonica.net.
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: García García
authors.affiliation: BsC. Hospital Materno Infantil. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario "Virgen de las Nieves". Granada.. mariajaguilar@telefonica.net.
authors.forename: María Ascensión
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rodríguez López
authors.affiliation: PhD. Universidad de Alicante. España.. mariajaguilar@telefonica.net.
authors.forename: María Mercedes
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rizo Baeza
mesh_terms: D003949:Diagnostic Techniques, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006365:Heel / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008895:Milk, Human; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D013549:Sweetening Agents; D005947:Glucose