title: Authentication of dried distilled grain with solubles (DDGS) by fatty acid and volatile profiling.
abstract: Demand for ethanol substituted fuels from the utilisation of cereal based biofuel has resulted in an over production of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) that are now readily available on the animal feed market. With this rapid emerging availability comes potential variability in the nutritional value of DDGS and possible risks of feed contaminants. Subsequently, the authentication and traceability of alternative animal feed sources is of high priority. In this study and as part of the EU research project "Quality and Safety of Feeds and Food for Europe (QSAFFE FP7-KBBE-2010-4) an attempt was made to classify the geographical origin of cereal grains used in the production of DDGS material. DDGS material of wheat and corn origin were obtained from Europe, China, and the USA. Fatty acid profiles and volatile fingerprints were assessed by gas chromatography flame ionisation (GC-FID) and rapid proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) respectively. Chemometric analysis of fatty acid profiles and volatile fingerprints allowed for promising classifications of cereals used in DDGS material by geographical and botanical origin and enabled visual representation of the data. This objective analytical approach could be adapted for routine verification of cereal grains used in the production of DDGS material.
authors.affiliation: RIKILT - Wageningen University and Research Centre, Akkermaalsbos, 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tres
authors.affiliation: RIKILT - Wageningen University and Research Centre, Akkermaalsbos, 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Samuel P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Heenan
authors.affiliation: RIKILT - Wageningen University and Research Centre, Akkermaalsbos, 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Saskia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van Ruth
keywords: Authenticity; DDGS, distillers dried grains with solubles; Dried distillers grains; FA, fatty acids; Fingerprinting; PCA, principal component analysis; PLS-DA, partial least squares-discriminant analysis; PTR-MS, proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry; VOC, volatile compounds