title: Anti-depressant effect of hesperidin in diabetic rats.
abstract: This study aimed to investigate the anti-depressant effect of hesperidin (Hsp) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Additionally, the effect of Hsp on hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and brain monoamines in diabetic rats was also assessed. The Wistar rats in the experimental groups were rendered hyperglycaemic with a single dose of STZ (52.5 mg·(kg body mass)(-1), by intraperitoneal injection). The normal group received the vehicle only. Hyperglycaemic rats were treated with Hsp (25.0, 50.0, or 100.0 mg·(kg body mass)(-1)·day(-1), per oral) and fluoxetine (Flu) (5.0 mg·(kg body mass)(-1)·day(-1), per oral) 48 h after the STZ injection, for 21 consecutive days. The normal and STZ control groups received the vehicle (distilled water). Behavioral and biochemical parameters were then assessed. When Hsp was administered to the STZ-treated rats, this reversed the STZ-induced increase in immobility duration in the forced swimming test (FST) and attenuated hyperglycaemia, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), increased reduced glutathione (GSH) decreased interleukin-6 (IL-6), and increased BDNF levels in the brain. Treatment with Hsp attenuated STZ-induced neurochemical alterations, as indicated by increased levels of monoamines in the brain, namely, norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT). All of these effects of Hsp were similar to those observed with the established anti-depressant Flu. This study shows that Hsp exerted anti-depressant effect in diabetic rats, which may have been partly mediated by its amelioration of hyperglycaemia as well as its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, the enhancement of neurogenesis, and changes in the levels of monoamines in the brain.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, 12622 Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Salma A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: El-Marasy
authors.forename: Heba M I
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Abdallah
authors.forename: Siham M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: El-Shenawy
authors.forename: Aiman S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: El-Khatib
authors.forename: Osama A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: El-Shabrawy
authors.forename: Sanaa A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kenawy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D015306:Biogenic Monoamines / Q000378:metabolism; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006569:Hesperidin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013311:Streptozocin
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D015306:Biogenic Monoamines; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D015850:Interleukin-6; D005473:Fluoxetine; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013311:Streptozocin; D006569:Hesperidin; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: anti-depressant; antidépresseur; fluoxetine; fluoxétine; forced swimming test; hesperidin; hespéridine; streptozotocin; streptozotocine; test de la nage forcée