title: Collagen II antibody-induced arthritis in Tg1278TNFko mice: optimization of a novel model to assess treatments targeting human TNFα in rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Novel molecules that specifically target human TNFα in rheumatoid arthritis pose problems for preclinical assessment of efficacy. In this study collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) has been induced in human TNFα transgenic mice to provide a novel model that has been optimised for the evaluation of molecules targeting human TNFα.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tg1278TNFko mice lack murine TNFα and are heterozygous for multiple copies of the human TNFα transgene that is expressed under normal physiological control. To establish CAIA, a collagen II monoclonal antibody cocktail (CAb) at 2, 4 or 8 mg was injected i.p. on Day 0 followed by a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) boost (10 or 100 μg) i.p. on Day 1 or Day 4. Animals were assessed for arthritis symptoms using a clinical score, cytokine levels (human TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6) in sera and joints, and histopathology. The dependence of the model on human TNFα was determined by dosing animals with etanercept.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tg1278TNFko animals treated with 2, 4 or 8 mg CAb on Day 0, with 100 μg LPS on Day 4, had more severe arthritis and earlier symptoms than wild type animals at all doses of CAb tested. Subsequently it was found that the transgenic model did not require LPS at all for arthritis development but a lower dose of LPS (10 μg) was found necessary for reproducible and robust disease (close to 100% incidence, well-synchronised, with high arthritis scores). Furthermore the LPS challenge could be brought forward to Day 1 so that its' actions to facilitate disease could be separated temporally from the arthritis phase (beginning about Day 4). Etanercept, administered immediately after the serum spike of cytokines associated with LPS had subsided, was able to dose-dependently inhibit arthritis development and this was associated with a marked protection of the joints histologically on Day 14. Etanercept was also able to reverse the signs of arthritis when given therapeutically allowing animals to be matched for disease burden before dosing begins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The features of CAIA in Tg1278TNFko animals make the model well-suited to testing the next generation of therapeutics that will target human TNFα in rheumatoid arthritis.
authors.forename: Adrian Richard
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Allden
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bourne
authors.forename: Maria C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Denis
authors.forename: Ksanthi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kranidioti
authors.forename: Remi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Okoye
authors.forename: Yannis
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sotsios
authors.forename: Zofia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Stencel
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vugler
authors.forename: Gillian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Watt
authors.forename: Stevan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shaw
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000068800:Etanercept / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D024043:Collagen Type II; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000068800:Etanercept