title: Role of surgery and transplantation in the treatment of hepatic metastases from neuroendocrine tumor.
abstract: Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are a heterogeneous group of cancers, with indolent behavior. The most common primary origin is the gastro-intestinal tract but can also appear in the lungs, kidneys, adrenals, ovaries and other organs. In general, NET is usually discovered in the metastatic phase (40%-80%). The liver is the most common organ involved when metastases occur (40%-93%), followed by bone (12%-20%) and lung (8%-10%).A number of different therapeutic options are available for the treatment of hepatic metastases including surgical resection, transplantation, ablation, trans-arterial chemoembolization, chemotherapy and somatostatin analogues. Recently, molecular targeted therapies have been used, usually in combination with other treatment options, to improve outcomes in patients with metastases. This article emphasizes on the role of surgery in the treatment of liver metastases from NET.
authors.affiliation: Sayee Sundar Alagusundaramoorthy, Roberto Gedaly, Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
authors.forename: Sayee Sundar
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Alagusundaramoorthy
authors.affiliation: Sayee Sundar Alagusundaramoorthy, Roberto Gedaly, Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gedaly
mesh_terms: D055011:Ablation Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D059146:Metastasectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents
keywords: Hepatectomy; Liver metastases; Liver transplantation; Neuroendocrine tumors