title: Factors affecting the process of obtaining informed consent to surgery among patients and relatives in a developing country: results from Pakistan.
abstract: Efforts have been made in Pakistan to create ethical guidelines for research and medical practice. This study explored the perceptions of and factors affecting the process of obtaining informed consent to surgery among inpatients and families at a tertiary-care hospital in Karachi. A random sample of 400 post-surgery adult patients answered a pre-tested, structured questionnaire. Overall, 233 patients (58.3%) had signed the surgery consent form themselves, while 167 relatives (41.7%) had signed on behalf of the patient. Perceived factors significantly associated with patients not signing the consent form themselves were: language used (adjusted OR = 4.6), medical terminology used (aOR = 2.7), insufficient time allocation (aOR = 3.8), cultural/traditional reasons (aOR = 1.5) and low education (aOR = 2.4). Inappropriate timing for taking consent and not being informed/asked about consent were not statistically significant factors. Health-care practitioners should encourage patients to sign the consent form themselves.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Oman Medical College, Sohar, Oman.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jahan
authors.affiliation: Division of Nursing Services, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roshan
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nanji
authors.affiliation: B1-Surgical Unit, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sajwani
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgery Unit, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Warsani
authors.affiliation: Office of the Chief Operating Officer, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jaffer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000941:ethics*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires