title: Rice management interventions to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions: a review.
abstract: Global warming is one of the gravest threats to crop production and environmental sustainability. Rice, the staple food of more than half of the world's population, is the most prominent cause of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in agriculture and gives way to global warming. The increasing demand for rice in the future has deployed tremendous concerns to reduce GHG emissions for minimizing the negative environmental impacts of rice cultivation. In this review, we presented a contemporary synthesis of existing data on how crop management practices influence emissions of GHGs in rice fields. We realized that modifications in traditional crop management regimes possess a huge potential to overcome GHG emissions. We examined and evaluated the different possible options and found that modifying tillage permutations and irrigation patterns, managing organic and fertilizer inputs, selecting suitable cultivar, and cropping regime can mitigate GHG emissions. Previously, many authors have discussed the feasibility principle and the influence of these practices on a single gas or, in particular, in the whole agricultural sector. Nonetheless, changes in management practices may influence more than one gas at the same time by different mechanisms or sometimes their effects may be antagonistic. Therefore, in the present attempt, we estimated the overall global warming potential of each approach to consider the magnitude of its effects on all gases and provided a comprehensive assessment of suitable crop management practices for reducing GHG emissions in rice culture.
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Saddam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Shaobing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Shah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fahad
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khaliq
authors.forename: Jianliang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Kehui
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Lixiao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nie
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D000393:Air Pollutants; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005740:Gases; D017752:Greenhouse Effect; D012275:Oryza
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D005740:Gases