title: Changes in body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist to hip ratio and risk of all-cause mortality in men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a paucity of data about the impact of changes in anthropometric measurements on the risk of mortality events, especially in men.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study sample consists of 1805 Iranian men, aged ⩾ 30 years, free from cardiovascular disease at baseline; they had undergone health examinations in both phases I (1999-2001) and II (2001-2003) and were followed up until March 2010. Participants were categorized by changes in anthropometric measurements into four groups: Group 1, change percentage<-5%; Group 2, -5% ⩽ change percentages<+5%; Group 3, 5% ⩽ change percentage<10%; and Group 4, change percentage ⩾ 10%. Cox proportional hazard regression was performed to assess the hazard ratios (HRs) of the anthropometric changes for all-cause mortality, given group 2 as the reference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 6.6 years of follow-up, 88 cases of mortality events occurred. The confounder-adjusted multivariate HRs for the first, third and fourth groups of hip circumference (HC) changes were 3.13(1.28-7.64), 0.75(0.43-1.31) and 0.82(0.23-2.99); the corresponding values for waist to hip ratio (WHR) change were 1.80(0.75-4.33), 1.21(0.70-2.1) and 2.32(1.25-4.3). After further adjustment for mediator covariates, results did not change. The equivalent values for body mass index and waist circumference did not reach statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Middle Eastern Caucasian men, increase in WHR was associated with incident mortality, which was more prominent in those with ⩾ 10% increase in the ratio. Moreover, decrease in HC was highly associated with excess risk of mortality.
authors.affiliation: Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Mousavi
authors.affiliation: Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mohebi
authors.affiliation: Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mozaffary
authors.affiliation: Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sheikholeslami
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Azizi
authors.affiliation: Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hadaegh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002423:Cause of Death; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data