title: End-word dysfluencies in young children: a clinical report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report on 12 children with end-word dysfluencies (EWDs). Our aim was to document this little-reported type of dysfluency and to develop a possible explanation for them and how they relate to developmental stuttering.
  
  
  METHODS
  Audio recordings were made for 9 of the 12 children in the study. The EWDs were identified by consensus of two specialist speech pathologists and confirmed on acoustic displays. A segment of participant 1's speech was transcribed, including phonetic transcription of EWDs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The EWDs typically consisted of repetitions of the nucleus and/or the coda. However, there were also some EWDs that consisted of fixed postures on the nucleus (when in final position) or coda. We also report on the infrequent occurrence of broken words. Ten of the 12 children also stuttered, with 9 of them coming from four families, each with a history of stuttering.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that EWDs may be more prevalent than previously thought, but they may go largely unnoticed due to their perceptually fleeting nature. The hypothesis was developed that EWDs be regarded as another type of developmental dysfluency, along with stuttering and cluttering. Ideas for further research are suggested.
authors.affiliation: Stuttering Unit, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Bankstown, N.S.W., Australia.
authors.forename: Verity
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: MacMillan
authors.forename: Artemi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kokolakis
authors.forename: Stacey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sheedy
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Packman
mesh_terms: D001184:Articulation Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008959:Models, Neurological; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010375:Pedigree; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications; D013342:Stuttering / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014741:Video Recording; D066127:White Matter / Q000503:physiopathology