title: Effect of BioAggregate on osteoclast differentiation and inflammatory bone resorption in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of BioAggregate (Innovative Bioceramix, Vancouver, BC, Canada) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone destruction in vivo and to compare its performance with that of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA; Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK, USA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Mouse bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) were primary cultured and treated with several concentrations of BioAggregate and MTA extracts. Cell viability was measured with a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, whilst in vitro osteoclast differentiation was evaluated with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. LPS-induced mouse calvarial bone destruction model was established to assess the effect of BioAggregate and MTA extracts in vivo. Mice were killed on day 7, and calvarial bones were prepared for microcomputed tomography scanning, histologic analysis and double-immunofluorescence staining. Statistical tests used were one-way anova followed by Student-Newman-Keuls test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BioAggregate extracts displayed no obvious cytotoxicity to BMMs and significantly inhibited (P < 0.01) the differentiation of RANKL-stimulated BMMs. Comparable effects were induced by MTA. BioAggregate and MTA extracts markedly reduced (P < 0.01) osteoclast numbers and attenuated (P < 0.05) bone resorption in LPS-challenged mouse calvaria. The expression levels of osteoclastogenic cathepsin K and its upstream regulator nuclear factor of activated T-cell cytoplasmic 1 and c-Fos were also decreased by BioAggregate and MTA extracts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BioAggregate and MTA showed comparable inhibitory effect on osteoclast differentiation and inflammatory bone resorption in vivo.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000378:metabolism; D017640:Silicates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012886:Skull / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; C557009:BioAggregate; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010087:Oxides; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D053245:RANK Ligand; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide
keywords: BioAggregate; lipopolysaccharide; mineral trioxide aggregate; osteoclastogenesis; root repair