title: Paraneoplastic syndromes in patients with laryngeal neuroendocrine carcinomas: clinical manifestations and prognostic significance.
abstract: Paraneoplastic syndromes are associated with a variety of malignant neoplasms and are systemic and non-metastatic manifestations that develop in a minority of cancer patients. This review examines all published cases of paraneoplastic syndromes associated with neuroendocrine carcinomas of the larynx. There are a total of ten patients reported with paraneoplastic syndromes associated with laryngeal neuroendocrine carcinomas in the literature. Of these, nine died and the tenth is alive with liver metastases. There were five cases of small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, four cases of moderately differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma, and one case of well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma associated with paraneoplastic syndromes. As these syndromes have significant clinical relevance, physicians should be aware of the possible presence of paraneoplastic syndromes in the diagnostic process of patients with neuroendocrine carcinoma of the larynx.
authors.affiliation: University of Udine School of Medicine, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia, 33100, Udine, Italy. a.ferlito@uniud.it.
authors.forename: Alfio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferlito
authors.affiliation: University of Udine School of Medicine, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia, 33100, Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rinaldo
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pathology and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Justin A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.affiliation: Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Department of Oncology, Section Head and Neck Oncology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vander Poorten
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Oral Pathology School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Asterios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Triantafyllou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Allegiance Health, Jackson, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Devaney
authors.affiliation: Head and Neck Pathology, CBLPath, Warwick, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Gnepp
authors.affiliation: Pathology Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital and Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kimihide
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kusafuka
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gyorgy B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Halmos
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pathology and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Westra
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Takes
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Woodland Hills Medical Center, Woodland Hills, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Lester D R
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007177:Inappropriate ADH Syndrome / Q000209:etiology; D015624:Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome / Q000209:etiology; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D008303:Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome / Q000209:etiology; D010257:Paraneoplastic Syndromes / Q000209:etiology*; D011379:Prognosis
keywords: Diagnosis; Larynx; Neuroendocrine carcinomas; Paraneoplastic syndromes; Prognosis