title: Automatic prediction of polysaccharide utilization loci in Bacteroidetes species.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A bacterial polysaccharide utilization locus (PUL) is a set of physically linked genes that orchestrate the breakdown of a specific glycan. PULs are prevalent in the Bacteroidetes phylum and are key to the digestion of complex carbohydrates, notably by the human gut microbiota. A given Bacteroidetes genome can encode dozens of different PULs whose boundaries and precise gene content are difficult to predict.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here, we present a fully automated approach for PUL prediction using genomic context and domain annotation alone. By combining the detection of a pair of marker genes with operon prediction using intergenic distances, and queries to the carbohydrate-active enzymes database (www.cazy.org), our predictor achieved above 86% accuracy in two Bacteroides species with extensive experimental PUL characterization.
  
  
  METHODS
  PUL predictions in 67 Bacteroidetes genomes from the human gut microbiota and two additional species, from the canine oral sphere and from the environment, are presented in our database accessible at www.cazy.org/PULDB/index.php.
authors.affiliation: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR 7257, 13288 Marseille, France, Aix-Marseille Université, AFMB, 13288 Marseille, France, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK and Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR 7257, 13288 Marseille, France, Aix-Marseille Université, AFMB, 13288 Marseille, France, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK and Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Terrapon
authors.affiliation: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR 7257, 13288 Marseille, France, Aix-Marseille Université, AFMB, 13288 Marseille, France, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK and Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lombard
authors.affiliation: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR 7257, 13288 Marseille, France, Aix-Marseille Université, AFMB, 13288 Marseille, France, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK and Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Harry J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.affiliation: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR 7257, 13288 Marseille, France, Aix-Marseille Université, AFMB, 13288 Marseille, France, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK and Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR 7257, 13288 Marseille, France, Aix-Marseille Université, AFMB, 13288 Marseille, France, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK and Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Henrissat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001331:Automation / Q000379:methods*; D041963:Bacteroidetes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D004285:Dogs; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology*; D056426:Genetic Loci; D016680:Genome, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D064307:Microbiota / Q000502:physiology*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism*; D013559:Symbiosis
chemical_list: D011134:Polysaccharides