title: Prognostic significance of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema in patients with resected non-small-cell lung cancer: a retrospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is a unique disorder that is usually diagnosed on the basis of high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings. It is unclear whether CPFE is an independent prognostic factor in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, we conducted a retrospective analysis to assess the impact of CPFE on the prognosis of patients with completely resected NSCLC.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed 365 patients diagnosed with NSCLC who underwent complete resection at the Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital between January 2007 and December 2012. Patients were classified into four groups according to chest HRCT findings: those with CPFE, those with fibrosis, those with emphysema or those with a normal lung except for the presence of a tumour. We evaluated disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) using the two-tailed log-rank test and the Cox proportional hazards model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two-tailed log-rank test demonstrated that the four groups had significantly different DFS and OS (P < 0.01). In the multivariate analysis, CPFE was found to be an independent prognostic factor for DFS and OS compared with a normal lung [hazard ratio (HR): 2.52; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.24-5.13; P = 0.01 and HR: 4.53; 95% CI: 1.91-10.7; P < 0.01, respectively].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CPFE is a significant, unfavourable prognostic factor for NSCLC patients after curative resection.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Disease Center, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Disease Center, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan marumo@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marumo
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Disease Center, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamanashi
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Disease Center, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tokuno
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Disease Center, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Disease Center, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shoji
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Disease Center, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Long
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Disease Center, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Motonari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukui
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011656:Pulmonary Emphysema / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema; Disease-free survival; Non-small-cell lung cancer; Overall survival; Prognosis