title: CDC Kerala 12: Socio-demographic factors among children (2-6 y) with autism--a case control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the socio-demographic factors among children between 2 and 6 y of age with autism and a control group of normal children.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred forty three confirmed cases of 2-6 y-old children with autism, attending autism clinic of Child Development Centre, who had a CARS score of more than 30 were included in the study. Two hundred normal children in the same age group were recruited from the well-baby/immunization clinic of SAT Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram. Data was collected using a structured pre-piloted questionnaire consisting of 11 socio-demographic possible risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The multivariate analysis on socio-demographic characteristics as possible risk factors for autism has shown that (i) upper and upper middle socioeconomic status (OR: 7.13; CI: 3.26-15.57) and (ii) male gender (OR: 3.95; CI: 2.22-7.04) were significant risk factors for autism, whereas place of residence, rural (OR: 0.41; CI: 0.24-0.68) is a protective factor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case control study involving 143 children between 2 and 6 y with autism as per CARS criteria and a control group of 200 normal children has shown that upper and upper middle socioeconomic status and (ii) male gender are significant risk factors for autism, whereas place of residence, rule is a protective factor.
authors.affiliation: Child Development Centre, Thiruvananthapuram Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, 695011, Kerala, India, babugeo@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Babu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: M S Razeena
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Padmam
authors.forename: M K C
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Leena
authors.forename: Paul Swamidhas Sudhakar
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Russell
mesh_terms: D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors