title: Successful treatment of disabling paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia with deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus internus.
abstract: Paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD) causes episodes of treatment-resistant involuntary movements. Previous case reports showed effective treatment of PNKD with deep brain stimulation (DBS). We report 2 patients in whom DBS was highly successful when other treatment modalities had failed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two patients aged 34 and 24 years with a longstanding history of PNKD were treated with globus pallidus internus (GPi) DBS. Motor effects were monitored and followed up postoperatively and again at 6 months after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both patients responded very well to GPi DBS with complete suppression of dyskinesia after surgery in 1 patient and in the second after an additional adjustment of stimulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GPi DBS might be an effective alternative treatment modality for PNKD.
authors.affiliation: Brain Nerve Centre, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
authors.forename: Riaan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Coller
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Slabbert
authors.forename: Janardan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vaidyanathan
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schutte
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002819:Chorea / Q000628:therapy*; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult