title: Evaluation of the laser methane detector to estimate methane emissions from ewes and steers.
abstract: The laser methane detector (LMD) has been proposed as a method to characterize enteric methane (CH4) emissions from animals in a natural environment. To validate LMD use, its CH4 outputs (LMD-CH4), were compared against CH4 measured with respiration chambers (chamber-CH4). The LMD was used to measure CH4 concentration (µL/L) in the exhaled air of 24 lactating ewes and 72 finishing steers. In ewes, LMD was used on 1 d for each ewe, for 2-min periods at 5 hourly observation periods (P1 to P5, respectively) after feeding. In steers fed either low- or high-concentrate diets, LMD was used once daily for a 4-min period for 3 d. The week after LMD-CH4 measurement, ewes or steers entered respiration chambers to quantify daily CH4 output (g/d). The LMD outputs consisted of periodic events of high CH4 concentrations superimposed on a background of oscillating lower CH4 concentrations. The high CH4 events were attributed to eructation and the lower background CH4 to respiration. After fitting a double normal distribution to the data set, a threshold of 99% of probability of the lower distribution was used to separate respiration from eructation events. The correlation between mean LMD-CH4 and chamber-CH4 was not high, and only improved correlations were observed after data were separated in 2 levels. In ewes, a model with LMD and DMI (adjusted R(2) = 0.92) improved the relationship between DMI and chamber-CH4 alone (adjusted R(2) = 0.79) and between LMD and chamber-CH4 alone (adjusted R(2) = 0.86). In both experiments, chamber-CH4 was best explained by models with length of eructation events (time) and maximum values of CH4 concentration during respiration events (µL/L; P < 0.01). Correlation between methods differed between observation periods, indicating the best results of the LMD were observed from 3 to 5 h after feeding. Given the short time and ease of use of LMD, there is potential for its commercial application and field-based studies. Although good indicators of quantity of CH4 were obtained with respiration and eructation CH4, the method needed to separate the data into high and low levels of CH4 was not simple to apply in practice. Further assessment of the LMD should be performed in relation to animal feeding behavior and physiology to validate assumptions of eructation and respiration levels, and other sources of variation should be tested (i.e., micrometeorology) to better investigate its potential application for CH4 testing in outdoor conditions.
authors.affiliation: Future Farming Systems, SRUC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK Ricci.Patricia@inta.gob.ar.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.affiliation: Future Farming Systems, SRUC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK.
authors.forename: M G G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Chagunda
authors.affiliation: Future Farming Systems, SRUC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rooke
authors.affiliation: Disease Systems, SRUC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: M Houdijk
authors.affiliation: Future Farming Systems, SRUC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK.
authors.forename: C-A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Duthie
authors.affiliation: SAC Consulting, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hyslop
authors.affiliation: Animal and Veterinary Science, SRUC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roehe
authors.affiliation: Future Farming Systems, SRUC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Waterhouse
mesh_terms: D000389:Air Conditioning; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004064:Digestive System / Q000378:metabolism; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation / Q000378:metabolism; D007834:Lasers; D008297:Male; D008697:Methane / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000378:metabolism; D012756:Sheep / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008697:Methane
keywords: carbon footprint; cattle; climate change; greenhouse gases; sheep