title: In vitro toxicity of formocresol, ferric sulphate, and grey MTA on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This was to assess and compare the in vitro toxicity of formocresol, ferric sulphate and MTA on cultured human periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts.
  
  
  METHODS
  PDL cells were obtained from sound first permanent molars and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium.
  
  
  METHODS
  PDL cells were subjected to different concentrations of formocresol, ferric sulphate, and grey MTA for 24, 48, and 72 h at 37 °C. Cells that were not exposed to the tested materials served as the negative control. In vitro toxicity was assessed using MTT assay.
  
  
  METHODS
  Statistical analysis of data was accomplished using ANOVA and Tukey statistical tests (p<0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall toxicity ranking of the tested materials was as follows: formocresol>ferric sulphate>grey MTA. Only grey MTA had comparable cell viability to the negative control, the other tested materials were significantly inferior at the three exposure periods (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regarding the viability of PDL fibroblasts, MTA stands as the most promising substitute to formocresol. However, considering MTA's unavailability and high price in Jordan, ferric sulphate may be the best alternative to formocresol in pulpotomy of primary teeth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Qassim University, PO Box 1126, Qassim, 51431, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, dr.sanaa.alhajali@qudent.org.
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Al-Haj Ali
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Al-Jundi
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Ditto
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D005566:Formocresols / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D010087:Oxides / Q000633:toxicity*; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D011672:Pulpotomy; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000633:toxicity*; D017640:Silicates / Q000633:toxicity*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D005566:Formocresols; D010087:Oxides; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C031025:formocresol; C024823:ferric sulfate