title: [Chromomycin A(2) induces apoptosis of HepG2 cells in vitro].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of chromomycin A(2) in inducing apoptosis of HepG2 cells and explore the molecular mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  HepG2, MCF-7, A549, and 7901 cells were exposed to chromomycin A(2) and the changes in the cell viability were detected using MTT assay. The changes in the chromatins were observed with laser scanning confocal microscope after incubation of the cells with chromomycin A(2) (60 nmol/L) for 24 h. The changes in cell morphology were examined with a phase-contrast microscope, and the apoptotic cell populations, fluorescent intensity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential were determined using flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chromomycin A(2) significantly inhibited the proliferation of the cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and caused changes in the cell morphology and cell apoptosis. Exposure of the cells to chromomycin A(2) resulted in chromatin condensation, ROS generation, and reduction of the mitochondrial membrane potential.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased ROS and mitochondria damage may importantly contribute to chromomycin A(2)-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.E-mail: wangyan870912@163.com.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Meijuan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Zhenning
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: DU
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival; D056945:Hep G2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000473:pathology; D008926:Plicamycin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C000594480:chromomycin A2; D008926:Plicamycin