title: Genetic polymorphisms in low-dose methotrexate transporters: current relevance as methotrexate therapeutic outcome biomarkers.
abstract: Methotrexate (MTX) is used in low doses to treat a variety of diseases. Although the mechanism responsible for its therapeutic action is unknown, MTX membrane transport proteins (influx and/or efflux) can be major determinants of pharmacokinetics, adverse drug reactions and clinical response profiles. With progess in pharmacogenomics, the improvement of the prediction of patients' therapeutic outcome treated with low doses of MTX will offer a powerful tool for the translation of transporter SNPs into clinical practice and will be essential to sustain a breakthrough in the field of personalized medicine. Therefore, this paper provides an update on the current data on SNPs in genes encoding low-dose MTX membrane transport proteins and their relevance as possible biomarkers of MTX therapeutic outcome.
authors.affiliation: CESPU, Institute of Research & Advanced Training in Health Sciences & Technologies, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Higher Institute of Health Sciences - North (ISCS-N), Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116, Gandra PRD, Portugal.
authors.forename: Aurea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: Joaquim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.forename: Vitor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Seabra
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D008727:Methotrexate
keywords: ABCs; ATP-binding cassette transporters; SLCs; SNPs; low dose; methotrexate; personalized medicine; pharmacogenomics; single nucleotide polymorphisms; solute carriers; therapeutic outcome; transporters