title: Viral etiology of respiratory tract infections in children at the pediatric hospital in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children in Africa. The circulation of viruses classically implicated in ARIs is poorly known in Burkina Faso. The aim of this study was to identify the respiratory viruses present in children admitted to or consulting at the pediatric hospital in Ouagadougou.
  
  
  METHODS
  From July 2010 to July 2011, we tested nasal aspirates of 209 children with upper or lower respiratory infection for main respiratory viruses (respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), metapneumovirus, adenovirus, parainfluenza viruses 1, 2 and 3, influenza A, B and C, rhinovirus/enterovirus), by immunofluorescence locally in Ouagadougou, and by PCR in France. Bacteria have also been investigated in 97 samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  153 children (73.2%) carried at least one virus and 175 viruses were detected. Rhinoviruses/enteroviruses were most frequently detected (rhinovirus n = 88; enterovirus n = 38) and were found to circulate throughout the year. An epidemic of RSV infections (n = 25) was identified in September/October, followed by an epidemic of influenza virus (n = 13), mostly H1N1pdm09. This epidemic occurred during the period of the year in which nighttime temperatures and humidity were at their lowest. Other viruses tested were detected only sporadically. Twenty-two viral co-infections were observed. Bacteria were detected in 29/97 samples with 22 viral/bacterial co-infections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study, the first of its type in Burkina Faso, warrants further investigation to confirm the seasonality of RSV infection and to improve local diagnosis of influenza. The long-term objective is to optimize therapeutic management of infected children.
authors.affiliation: Charles de Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: Solange
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ouédraogo
authors.affiliation: Charles de Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: Blaise
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Traoré
authors.affiliation: Charles de Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: Zah Ange Brice
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Nene Bi
authors.affiliation: Charles de Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: Firmin Tiandama
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Yonli
authors.affiliation: Charles de Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: Donatien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kima
authors.affiliation: Charles de Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bonané
authors.affiliation: Charles de Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: Lassané
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Congo
authors.affiliation: Charles de Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: Rasmata Ouédraogo
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Traoré
authors.affiliation: Charles de Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: Diarra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yé
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Diseases, Allergy and CF Unit, Paediatric Department, Rouen University Hospital Charles Nicolle, EA3830, Inserm CIC204, Rouen, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marguet
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology, GRAM EA 2656 Rouen University Hospital Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Plantier
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Human and Molecular Virology, Caen University Hospital Clemenceau, Caen, France.
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vabret
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology, GRAM EA 2656 Rouen University Hospital Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gueudin
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D002050:Burkina Faso / Q000453:epidemiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000821:virology; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral