title: Intestinal microbiota pathogenesis and fecal microbiota transplantation for inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The pathogenesis of IBD involves inappropriate ongoing activation of the mucosal immune system driven by abnormal intestinal microbiota in genetically predisposed individuals. However, there are still no definitive microbial pathogens linked to the onset of IBD. The composition and function of the intestinal microbiota and their metabolites are indeed disturbed in IBD patients. The special alterations of gut microbiota associated with IBD remain to be evaluated. The microbial interactions and host-microbe immune interactions are still not clarified. Limitations of present probiotic products in IBD are mainly due to modest clinical efficacy, few available strains and no standardized administration. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) may restore intestinal microbial homeostasis, and preliminary data have shown the clinical efficacy of FMT on refractory IBD or IBD combined with Clostridium difficile infection. Additionally, synthetic microbiota transplantation with the defined composition of fecal microbiota is also a promising therapeutic approach for IBD. However, FMT-related barriers, including the mechanism of restoring gut microbiota, standardized donor screening, fecal material preparation and administration, and long-term safety should be resolved. The role of intestinal microbiota and FMT in IBD should be further investigated by metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses combined with germ-free/human flora-associated animals and chemostat gut models.
authors.affiliation: Zi-Kai Wang, Yun-Sheng Yang, Gang Sun, Li-Hua Peng, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Zi-Kai
authors.initials: ZK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Zi-Kai Wang, Yun-Sheng Yang, Gang Sun, Li-Hua Peng, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Yun-Sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Zi-Kai Wang, Yun-Sheng Yang, Gang Sun, Li-Hua Peng, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Zi-Kai Wang, Yun-Sheng Yang, Gang Sun, Li-Hua Peng, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Zi-Kai Wang, Yun-Sheng Yang, Gang Sun, Li-Hua Peng, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Zi-Kai Wang, Yun-Sheng Yang, Gang Sun, Li-Hua Peng, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Li-Hua
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001691:Biological Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D064307:Microbiota; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Fecal microbiota transplantation; Inflammatory bowel disease; Intestinal microbiota; Probiotics; Synthetic microbiota transplantation