title: Anti-inflammatory effect of glycosaminoglycan derived from Gryllus bimaculatus (a type of cricket, insect) on adjuvant-treated chronic arthritis rat model.
abstract: Anti-inflammatory effects of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) derived from cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus, Gb) were investigated in a complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-treated chronic arthritic rat model. This GAG produced a significant anti-edema effect as evidenced by inhibition of C-reactive protein (CRP) and rheumatoid factor, and interfered with atherogenesis by reducing proinflammatory cytokine levels of (1) vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), (2) interleukin-6, (3) prostaglandin E2-stimulated lipopolysaccharide in RAW 264.7 cells, and (4) tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production in normal splenocytes, in a dose-dependent manner. This GAG was also found to induce nitric oxide (NO) production in HUVEC cells and elevated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity levels. Histological findings demonstrated the fifth lumbar vertebrae (LV) dorsal root ganglion, which was linked to the paw treated with Gb GAG, was repaired against CFA-induced cartilage destruction. Further, combined indomethacin (5 mg/kg)-Gb GAG (10 mg/kg) inhibited more effectively CFA-induced paw edema at 3 h and 2 or 3 d after treatment to levels comparable to only the anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin. Ultraviolet (UV)-irritated skin inflammation also downregulated nuclear factor κB (NFκB) activity in transfected HaCaT cells. Data suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of GAG obtained from cricket (Gb) may be useful for treatment of inflammatory diseases including chronic arthritis.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Agricultural Biology , National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA , Suwon , South Korea.
authors.forename: Mi Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Jea Woong
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Jae Sam
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Eun Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Byung Mu
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006135:Gryllidae / Q000737:chemistry*; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D054497:Phospholipases A2, Secretory / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D054497:Phospholipases A2, Secretory; D015232:Dinoprostone; D007213:Indomethacin