title: The preparation of electrohydrodynamic bridges from polar dielectric liquids.
abstract: Horizontal and vertical liquid bridges are simple and powerful tools for exploring the interaction of high intensity electric fields (8-20 kV/cm) and polar dielectric liquids. These bridges are unique from capillary bridges in that they exhibit extensibility beyond a few millimeters, have complex bi-directional mass transfer patterns, and emit non-Planck infrared radiation. A number of common solvents can form such bridges as well as low conductivity solutions and colloidal suspensions. The macroscopic behavior is governed by electrohydrodynamics and provides a means of studying fluid flow phenomena without the presence of rigid walls. Prior to the onset of a liquid bridge several important phenomena can be observed including advancing meniscus height (electrowetting), bulk fluid circulation (the Sumoto effect), and the ejection of charged droplets (electrospray). The interaction between surface, polarization, and displacement forces can be directly examined by varying applied voltage and bridge length. The electric field, assisted by gravity, stabilizes the liquid bridge against Rayleigh-Plateau instabilities. Construction of basic apparatus for both vertical and horizontal orientation along with operational examples, including thermographic images, for three liquids (e.g., water, DMSO, and glycerol) is presented.
authors.affiliation: Applied Water Physics, Wetsus - Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology; Adam.Wexler@wetsus.nl.
authors.forename: Adam D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Wexler
authors.affiliation: IRCAM GmbH.
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: López Sáenz
authors.affiliation: IRCAM GmbH.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schreer
authors.affiliation: Institute for Thermal Turbomachinery and Machine Dynamics, Graz University of Technology.
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Woisetschläger
authors.affiliation: Applied Water Physics, Wetsus - Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology.
authors.forename: Elmar C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Fuchs
mesh_terms: D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D005990:Glycerol / Q000737:chemistry*; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D005990:Glycerol; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide