title: Interleukin-6 gene-174 G/C promoter polymorphism and its association with clinical profile of patients with multiple myeloma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In multiple myeloma (MM), the growth and survival of myeloma cells is controlled by interleukin-6 (IL-6), the plasma levels of which is controlled by a guanine/cytosine substitution occurring in position -174 of IL-6 gene promoter region. We studied the occurrence of IL-6-174 G/C polymorphism in patients of MM and correlated the presence of genotypes with serum IL-6 levels and tumor staging.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred three patients with MM and 117 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were staged by International Staging System. IL-6 genotypes were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme analysis. Serum levels of IL-6 were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Frequency of GG, GC and CC genotypes did not differ significantly between cases (GG 52%, GC 40%, CC 9%) and controls. The median serum level of IL-6 was significantly higher among the GC genotype versus other genotypes (24 ng/mL, P = 0.007) as compared with the GG versus other genotypes (12 ng/mL, P = 0.001). GC was associated more with stage 3 disease (27%) than was GG (11%) or CC (22% P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At position 174 of the IL-6 promoter, patients with GC genotype had higher serum levels of IL-6 and presented with more severe disease compared with patients with GG or CC genotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Baidarbhi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Gaurav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vishnoi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Delhi, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Srinivas H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Gowda
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Lady Hardinge Medical College, Delhi, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Binita
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Goswami
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6
keywords: interleukin-6; lipid; polymorphism; ratio