title: Efficacy of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy using Dornier SII in different levels of ureteral stones.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Dornier lithotripter S II system in the treatment of ureteral calculi.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 97 cases which consists of 54 males and 43 females with ureteral stones were treated by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Mean age was 42.6 years. Inclusion criteria were solitary radiopaque ureteral stones of radiological stone size of ≤1 cm. The stones were not impacted, with normal kidney functions. Procedure time, number of shocks, energy used, number of sessions and complications were reported. The outcome of ESWL was also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stones were in the abdominal (upper ureter) in 50% of patients, in pelvic (middle ureter) in 47% of patients. All patients had unilateral stones and the mean stone size in maximum length was) 10 mm). Good dye excretion passing the stone was noted in all patients. Mild hydronephrosis was found in 85% of cases. A total of 49 cases were treated by a single session, while in 35% of cases two sessions were enough and 16% received three sessions. The average number of shocks per session was 3125. The average number of shocks per patient was 5962.5 shocks and average energy was 204.3 Joules. The overall stone-free rate 3 months after lithotripsy was 94%. After a single session of lithotripsy, 49 patients (49%) became stone-free. Stone free rates after ESWL for upper, middle ureteral stones were 94%, 95.7% respectively. Additional procedures were needed in only 6 cases (6%) to render patients stone-free after lithotripsy. No serious complications occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Dornier lithotripter S II is very effective in the treatment of ureteral calculi with no major complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Elkholy
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Abdelkhalek
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamad M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Badr
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Elfeky
keywords: Dornier; extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy; lithotripter; ureteral stones