title: Carbon ion radiotherapy for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal and middle ear.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prognosis of advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the external auditory canal and middle ear remains poor. Carbon ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) has shown promise for locally advanced head and neck cancer. Therefore, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of C-ion RT for locally advanced SCC of the external auditory canal and middle ear.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cases of 13 patients with advanced (T3 and T4) SCC of the external auditory canal and middle ear who received C-ion RT as the primary treatment were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median follow-up for all patients and the 7 surviving patients was 12 and 32 months, respectively. The 1-year and 3-year local control and overall survival (OS) rates were 72% and 54% and 70% and 40%, respectively. Severe temporal bone necrosis was observed in 2 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  C-ion RT is effective and generally safe for locally advanced SCC of the external auditory canal and middle ear.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy Hospital, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koto
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy Hospital, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Azusa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy Hospital, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy Hospital, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Go
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sasahara
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy Hospital, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikawa
authors.affiliation: Nagoya Proton Therapy Center, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun-etsu
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Mizoe
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jingu
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy Hospital, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirohiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsujii
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy Hospital, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Chiba University School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okamoto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D004424:Ear Canal / Q000473:pathology; D004428:Ear Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D063193:Heavy Ion Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: carbon ion radiotherapy; external auditory canal; middle ear; squamous cell carcinoma; temporal bone