title: Effects of utilization of local food by-products as total mixed ration silage materials on fermentation quality and intake, digestibility, rumen condition and nitrogen availability in sheep.
abstract: Four wethers were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment to evaluate in vivo digestibility of total mixed ration (TMR) silage with food by-products for dairy cows, and the ruminal condition and nitrogen (N) balance were examined. Five by-products (i.e. potato waste, noodle waste, soybean curd residue, soy sauce cake and green tea waste) were obtained. Four types of TMR silage were used: control (C) containing roughage and commercial concentrate, T1:20% and T1:40% containing the five by-products replacing 20% and 40% of the commercial concentrate on a dry matter (DM) basis, respectively, and T2:40% containing three by-products (potato waste, noodle waste and soybean curd residue) replacing 40% of the commercial concentrate on a DM basis. The ingredients were mixed and preserved in oil drum silos for 4 months. The TMR silages showed 4.02-4.44% and 1.75-2.19% for pH and lactic acid contents, respectively. The digestibility of DM and neutral detergent fiber, and total digestible nutrient content were higher (P < 0.05) for T2:40% feeding than for C feeding. Urinary nitrogen excretion tended to be lower (P = 0.07) for T2:40% than for C. The results suggested 40% replacing of commercial concentrate by using the three food by-products can be most suitable for TMR silage.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Srita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yani
authors.forename: Kyohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Shuzo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goda
authors.forename: Shigeyoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Azumai
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.forename: Kanji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.forename: Kazato
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oishi
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirooka
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumagai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology*; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D005285:Fermentation; D005525:Food-Processing Industry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D012756:Sheep / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D012820:Silage / Q000032:analysis; D062611:Solid Waste
chemical_list: D062611:Solid Waste; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: digestibility; food by-product; nitrogen balance; total mixed ration silage; wether