title: Driving fatigue in professional drivers: a survey of truck and taxi drivers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fatigue among truck drivers has been studied extensively; however, less is known regarding the fatigue experience of taxi drivers in heavily populated metropolitan areas. This study aimed to compare the differences and similarities between truck and taxi driver fatigue to provide implications for the fatigue management and education of professional drivers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 274 truck drivers and 286 taxi drivers in Beijing was surveyed via a questionnaire, which included items regarding work characteristics, fatigue experience, accident information, attitude toward fatigue, and methods of counteracting fatigue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Driver fatigue was prevalent among professional drivers, and it was even more serious for taxi drivers. Taxi drivers reported more frequent fatigue experiences and were involved in more accidents. Among the contributing factors to fatigue, prolonged driving time was the most important factor identified by both driver groups. Importantly, the reason for the engagement in prolonged driving was neither due to the lack of awareness concerning the serious outcome of fatigue driving nor because of their poor detection of fatigue. The most probable reason was the optimism bias, as a result of which these professional drivers thought that fatigue was more serious for other drivers than for themselves, and they thought that they were effective in counteracting the effect of fatigue on their driving performance. Moreover, truck drivers tended to employ methods that require stopping to counteract fatigue, whereas taxi drivers preferred methods that were simultaneous with driving. Although both driver groups considered taking a nap as one of the most effective means to address fatigue, this method was not commonly used. Interestingly, these drivers were aware that the methods they frequently used were not the most effective means to counteract fatigue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides knowledge on truck and taxi drivers' characteristics in fatigue experience, fatigue attitude, and fatigue countermeasures, and these findings have practical implications for the fatigue management and education of professional drivers.
authors.affiliation: a State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Department of Industrial Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Fanxing
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Shuling
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lingzhi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Musen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qijia
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Chunhui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001290:Attitude; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005221:Fatigue / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018986:Motor Vehicles; D009790:Occupations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: driving safety; fatigue; occupational safety; professional drivers; questionnaire; traffic injury prevention