title: Stacked Extreme Learning Machines.
abstract: Extreme learning machine (ELM) has recently attracted many researchers' interest due to its very fast learning speed, good generalization ability, and ease of implementation. It provides a unified solution that can be used directly to solve regression, binary, and multiclass classification problems. In this paper, we propose a stacked ELMs (S-ELMs) that is specially designed for solving large and complex data problems. The S-ELMs divides a single large ELM network into multiple stacked small ELMs which are serially connected. The S-ELMs can approximate a very large ELM network with small memory requirement. To further improve the testing accuracy on big data problems, the ELM autoencoder can be implemented during each iteration of the S-ELMs algorithm. The simulation results show that the S-ELMs even with random hidden nodes can achieve similar testing accuracy to support vector machine (SVM) while having low memory requirements. With the help of ELM autoencoder, the S-ELMs can achieve much better testing accuracy than SVM and slightly better accuracy than deep belief network (DBN) with much faster training speed.
authors.forename: Hongming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Guang-Bin
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Zhiping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yeng Chai
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Soh