title: Identification of the structure model of the Si(111)-(5 × 2)-Au surface.
abstract: The atomic structure of the Si(111)-(5 × 2)-Au surface, a periodic gold chain on the silicon surface, has been a long-debated issue in surface science. The recent three candidates, the so-called Erwin-Barke-Himpsel (EBH) model [S. C. Erwin, I. Barke, and F. J. Himpsel, Phys. Rev. B 80, 155409 (2009)], the Abukawa-Nishigaya (AN) model [T. Abukawa and Y. Nishigaya, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 036102 (2013)], and the Kwon-Kang (KK) model [S. G. Kwon and M. H. Kang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 086101 (2014)] that has one additional Au atom than the EBH model are tested by surface x-ray diffraction data. A two-dimensional Patterson map constructed from the in-plane diffraction intensities rejects the AN model and prefers the KK model over the EBH model. On the basis of the arrangement of Au obtained from the Patterson map, all the reconstructed Si atoms, such as the so-called honeycomb chain structure, are directly imaged out by utilizing a holographic method. The KK model reproduces out-of-plane diffraction data as well.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan and JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuroh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirasawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Tokyo Gakugei University, 4-1-1 Nukuikitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-0015, Japan.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Voegeli
authors.affiliation: Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Takehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nojima
authors.affiliation: Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusaku
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwasawa
authors.affiliation: Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Yudai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008958:Models, Molecular; D012825:Silicon / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D006046:Gold; D012825:Silicon