title: Lipopolysaccharide enhances OSCC migration by promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was performed to examine whether lipopolysaccharide can influence cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (HSC3, CAL27, and SCC4) were obtained for the study. TLR4 expression in three cell lines was analyzed by Q-PCR and Western blot. After cells treated with LPS, cell migration was analyzed by wound-healing and chemotaxis cell migration assay. Changes of E-cadherin and vimentin expression were tested by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. To examine NF-κB activation, NF-κB nuclear translocation was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TLR4 was expressed in all three cell lines and was highest in HSC3 while lowest in SCC4. TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide accelerated wound healing and enhanced cell migration. Also, it stimulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition demonstrated by decreased E-cadherin and increased vimentin expression. Lipopolysaccharide also provoked NF-κB nuclear translocation. Either TLR4 or NF-κB blocking reverted these effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lipopolysaccharide can induce TLR4-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell migration in oral squamous cell carcinoma. These responses could further affect tumor progressing by inducing tumor cell metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Zhifeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Runzhi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Yanhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Xudong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Qingang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000187:drug effects; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition / Q000187:drug effects*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D014746:Vimentin / Q000378:metabolism; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014746:Vimentin
keywords: LPS; OSCC; TLR4; epithelial-mesenchymal transition; migration