title: Blood levels of the heavy metal, lead, and caries in children aged 24-72 months: NHANES III.
abstract: Lead remains a significant pollutant. It has acute toxic and chronic effects on many tissues and accumulates in teeth and bones. The researchers for this study investigated the association of blood lead levels with the extent/severity of caries as measured by the number of decayed/filled teeth of children aged 24-72 months using data from NHANES III (the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey), accounting for the excess zero caries in the analysis and using less than 2 µg/dl as the reference blood lead level (n = 3,127). Zero-inflated negative binomial regression models indicated unadjusted extent/severity mean ratios of 1.79, 1.88 and 1.94 for the number of decayed/filled teeth in children whose blood lead levels were 2-5, 5-10 and >10 µg/dl, respectively, compared with children having <2 µg/dl blood lead levels. The results did not attenuate when other variables were added to the model for the 5-10 and >10 µg/dl levels of exposure. The adjusted extent/severity mean ratios were 1.84, 2.14 and 1.91, respectively, for the categories. This study indicated a strong association of blood lead levels with increasing numbers of carious teeth in children aged 24-72 months. These findings support other studies in an innovative analysis handling cases of children with no caries. The findings may inform caries risk assessment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Practice and Rural Health, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, W.Va., USA.
authors.forename: R Constance
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Wiener
authors.forename: D Leann
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Jurevic
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001724:Birth Weight; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004245:DMF Index; D003729:Dental Care; D003733:Dental Caries Susceptibility; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D017058:Mexican Americans; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D011203:Poverty; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000473:pathology; D014481:United States; D014504:Urban Health; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D007854:Lead