title: Study of Using Solar Thermal Power for the Margarine Melting Heat Process.
abstract: The heating process of melting margarine requires a vast amount of thermal energy due to its high melting point and the size of the reservoir it is contained in. Existing methods to heat margarine have a high hourly cost of production and use fossil fuels which have been shown to have a negative impact on the environment. Thus, we perform an analytical feasibility study of using solar thermal power as an alternative energy source for the margarine melting process. In this study, the efficiency and cost effectiveness of a parabolic trough collector (PTC) solar field are compared with that of a steam boiler. Different working fluids (water vapor and Therminol-VP1 heat transfer oil (HTO)) through the solar field are also investigated. The results reveal the total hourly cost ($/h) by the conventional configuration is much greater than the solar applications regardless of the type of working fluid. Moreover, the conventional configuration causes a negative impact to the environment by increasing the amount of CO2, CO, and NO2by 117.4 kg/day, 184 kg/day, and 74.7 kg/day, respectively. Optimized period of melt and tank volume parameters at temperature differences not exceeding 25 °C are found to be 8-10 h and 100 m3, respectively. The solar PTC operated with water and steam as the working fluid is recommended as a vital alternative for the margarine melting heating process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Science, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University , Suez 43537 , Egypt e-mail:  mwahab31@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sharaf Eldean
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Science, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University , Suez 43537 , Egypt e-mail:  ahmed.hassan@suezuniv.edu.eg.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Soliman
keywords: parabolic trough collector; photovoltaic; process heat; solar thermal power