title: Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of Pasteurella multocida and Streptococcus suis from Ontario swine.
abstract: Susceptibility results for Pasteurella multocida and Streptococcus suis isolated from swine clinical samples were obtained from January 1998 to October 2010 from the Animal Health Laboratory at the University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, and used to describe variation in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to 4 drugs of importance in the Ontario swine industry: ampicillin, tetracycline, tiamulin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Four temporal data-analysis options were used: visualization of trends in 12-month rolling averages, logistic-regression modeling, temporal-scan statistics, and a scan with the "What's strange about recent events?" (WSARE) algorithm. The AMR trends varied among the antimicrobial drugs for a single pathogen and between pathogens for a single antimicrobial, suggesting that pathogen-specific AMR surveillance may be preferable to indicator data. The 4 methods provided complementary and, at times, redundant results. The most appropriate combination of analysis methods for surveillance using these data included temporal-scan statistics with a visualization method (rolling-average or predicted-probability plots following logistic-regression models). The WSARE algorithm provided interesting results for quality control and has the potential to detect new resistance patterns; however, missing data created problems for displaying the results in a way that would be meaningful to all surveillance stakeholders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine (Glass-Kaastra, Pearl, Reid-Smith, McEwen) and Department of Pathobiology (Reid-Smith), University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1; Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Agency of Canada, 160 Research Lane, Guelph, Ontario N1G B52 (Reid-Smith); Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, 419 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (McEwen, Slavic, Fairles).
authors.forename: Shiona K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Glass-Kaastra
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine (Glass-Kaastra, Pearl, Reid-Smith, McEwen) and Department of Pathobiology (Reid-Smith), University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1; Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Agency of Canada, 160 Research Lane, Guelph, Ontario N1G B52 (Reid-Smith); Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, 419 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (McEwen, Slavic, Fairles).
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Pearl
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine (Glass-Kaastra, Pearl, Reid-Smith, McEwen) and Department of Pathobiology (Reid-Smith), University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1; Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Agency of Canada, 160 Research Lane, Guelph, Ontario N1G B52 (Reid-Smith); Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, 419 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (McEwen, Slavic, Fairles).
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Reid-Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine (Glass-Kaastra, Pearl, Reid-Smith, McEwen) and Department of Pathobiology (Reid-Smith), University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1; Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Agency of Canada, 160 Research Lane, Guelph, Ontario N1G B52 (Reid-Smith); Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, 419 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (McEwen, Slavic, Fairles).
authors.forename: Beverly
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McEwen
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine (Glass-Kaastra, Pearl, Reid-Smith, McEwen) and Department of Pathobiology (Reid-Smith), University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1; Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Agency of Canada, 160 Research Lane, Guelph, Ontario N1G B52 (Reid-Smith); Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, 419 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (McEwen, Slavic, Fairles).
authors.forename: Durda
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Slavic
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine (Glass-Kaastra, Pearl, Reid-Smith, McEwen) and Department of Pathobiology (Reid-Smith), University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1; Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Agency of Canada, 160 Research Lane, Guelph, Ontario N1G B52 (Reid-Smith); Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, 419 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (McEwen, Slavic, Fairles).
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fairles
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine (Glass-Kaastra, Pearl, Reid-Smith, McEwen) and Department of Pathobiology (Reid-Smith), University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1; Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Agency of Canada, 160 Research Lane, Guelph, Ontario N1G B52 (Reid-Smith); Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, 419 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (McEwen, Slavic, Fairles).
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: McEwen
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D016015:Logistic Models; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D010326:Pasteurella Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016979:Pasteurella multocida / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D017011:Streptococcus suis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents