title: Stem cells and the impact of ROS signaling.
abstract: An appropriate balance between self-renewal and differentiation is crucial for stem cell function during both early development and tissue homeostasis throughout life. Recent evidence from both pluripotent embryonic and adult stem cell studies suggests that this balance is partly regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which, in synchrony with metabolism, mediate the cellular redox state. In this Primer, we summarize what ROS are and how they are generated in the cell, as well as their downstream molecular targets. We then review recent findings that provide molecular insights into how ROS signaling can influence stem cell homeostasis and lineage commitment, and discuss the implications of this for reprogramming and stem cell ageing. We conclude that ROS signaling is an emerging key regulator of multiple stem cell populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Carolina L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Bigarella
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Multidisciplinary Training Area, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Multidisciplinary Training Area, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA saghi.ghaffari@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: Saghi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghaffari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: Embryonic stem cells; Hematopoietic stem cells; Metabolism; Mitochondria; ROS