title: Investigating the relationship between persistent reflux flow on the first postoperative day and recurrent varicocele in varicocelectomy patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of persistent reflux flow on the first postoperative day using color Doppler sonography (CDS) in patients who had undergone sub-inguinal varicocelectomy, and to research the relationship between persistent reflux flow and recurrent varicocele.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 54 patients were included in the study. Ages of the patients were between 21 and 38 years (mean 27.3 ± 7.6). All patients were evaluated four times with CDS: preoperatively, first postoperative day, 3 months postoperative, and finally 6 months after the operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperative venous diameters were measured between 3 and 5.5 mm; mean vein diameters were 3.8 ± 0.7 mm for the left side and 3.4 ± 0.4 mm for the right side. Mean duration of reflux was 3.5 ± 0.3 seconds on the left side and 2.9 ± 0.7 seconds on the right side. First postoperative day persistent Valsalva-induced reflux flow was seen in 10 patients (18%). Mean venous diameter was measured 1.8 ± 0.9 mm. Three months after the operation, Valsalva-induced reflux flow was seen in two patients (3%) in whom reflux was not seen on the first postoperative day. After 6 months, venous diameters larger than 2 mm at rest and the occurrence of reflux during the Valsalva maneuver were considered to be a recurrence. Six months after the operation, 12 patients had recurrent varicocele. Detecting persistent reflux with CDS on the first postoperative day was found to be 85% sensitive and 100% specific for showing recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Valsalva-induced persistent reflux flow investigated with CDS on the first postoperative day can be used to show success of the surgery and is also an indicator of recurrence in varicocelectomy patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Universal Hospital Groups, Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet Said
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Cil
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kafkas University School of Medicine, Kars, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bozkurt
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kafkas University School of Medicine, Kars, Turkey.
authors.forename: Duygu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kara Bozkurt
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kafkas University School of Medicine, Kars, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gok
keywords: Color Doppler sonography; Reflux; Varicocele