title: Dendropanax morbifera Léveille extract facilitates cadmium excretion and prevents oxidative damage in the hippocampus by increasing antioxidant levels in cadmium-exposed rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dendropanax morbifera Léveille is used in herbal medicine as a cancer treatment. In this study, we investigated the effects of Dendropanax morbifera stem extract (DMS) on cadmium (Cd) excretion from the blood and kidney and brain tissues of rats exposed to cadmium, as well as the effects of DMS on oxidative stress and antioxidant levels in the hippocampus after Cd exposure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 2 mg/kg of cadmium by intragastric gavage and were orally administered 100 mg/kg of DMS for 4 weeks. Animals were sacrificed and Cd determination was performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. In addition, the effects of Cd and/or DMS on oxidative stress were assayed by measuring reactive oxygen species production, protein carbonyl modification, lipid peroxidation levels, and antioxidant levels in hippocampal homogenates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure to Cd significantly increased Cd content in the blood, kidneys, and hippocampi. DMS treatment significantly reduced Cd content in the blood and kidneys, but not in the hippocampi. Exposure to Cd significantly increased reactive oxygen species production, protein carbonyl modification, lipid peroxidation, total sulfhydryl content, reduced glutathione content, and glutathione reductase activity. In contrast, Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity in the hippocampus were significantly decreased after exposure to Cd, and administration of DMS significantly inhibited these Cd-induced changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that DMS facilitates cadmium excretion from the kidneys, reduces cadmium-induced oxidative stress in the hippocampus, and modulates SOD1, CAT, GPx, and glutathione-S-transferase activities.
authors.forename: Woosuk
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dae Won
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dae Young
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Hyo Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Sung Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Jong Whi
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soon-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Dong-Woo
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jung Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Seung Myung
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Yeo Sung
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea. vetmed2@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: In Koo
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D027481:Araliaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002104:Cadmium; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione