title: Evaluating the anti-neuroinflammatory capacity of raw and steamed garlic as well as five organosulfur compounds.
abstract: The anti-neuroinflammatory capacities of raw and steamed garlic extracts as well as five organosulfur compounds (OSCs) were examined in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia. According to those results, steaming pretreatment blocked the formation of alliinase-catalyzed OSCs such as allicin and diallyl trisulfide (DATS) in crushed garlic. Raw garlic, but not steamed garlic, dose-dependently attenuated the production of LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). DATS and diallyl disulfide at 200 and 400 μM, respectively, displayed significant anti-neuroinflammatory activity. Meanwhile, even at 1 mM, diallyl sulfide, S-allyl cysteine and alliin did not display such activity. Inhibition of nuclear factor-κB activation was the mechanism underlying this protective effect of raw garlic and DATS. Analysis results indicated that the anti-neuroinflammatory capacity of raw garlic is due to the alliin-derived OSCs. Importantly, DATS is a highly promising therapeutic candidate for treating inflammation-related neurodegenerative diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Yuanpei University, No. 306, Yuanpei Street, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. sche@mail.ypu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Su-Chen
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Yuanpei University, No. 306, Yuanpei Street, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. mssu@mail.ypu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Min-Sheng
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D000490:Allium / Q000737:chemistry*; D000498:Allyl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D003545:Cysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004220:Disulfides / Q000494:pharmacology; D005737:Garlic / Q000737:chemistry*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013440:Sulfides / Q000494:pharmacology; D013457:Sulfur Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000498:Allyl Compounds; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D004220:Disulfides; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013440:Sulfides; D013457:Sulfur Compounds; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C042577:diallyl trisulfide; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C028009:diallyl disulfide; C038491:allyl sulfide; C006453:alliin; C065299:S-allylcysteine; D003545:Cysteine