title: Systematic review of surveillance systems and methods for early detection of exotic, new and re-emerging diseases in animal populations.
abstract: In this globalized world, the spread of new, exotic and re-emerging diseases has become one of the most important threats to animal production and public health. This systematic review analyses conventional and novel early detection methods applied to surveillance. In all, 125 scientific documents were considered for this study. Exotic (n = 49) and re-emerging (n = 27) diseases constituted the most frequently represented health threats. In addition, the majority of studies were related to zoonoses (n = 66). The approaches found in the review could be divided in surveillance modalities, both active (n = 23) and passive (n = 5); and tools and methodologies that support surveillance activities (n = 57). Combinations of surveillance modalities and tools (n = 40) were also found. Risk-based approaches were very common (n = 60), especially in the papers describing tools and methodologies (n = 50). The main applications, benefits and limitations of each approach were extracted from the papers. This information will be very useful for informing the development of tools to facilitate the design of cost-effective surveillance strategies. Thus, the current literature review provides key information about the advantages, disadvantages, limitations and potential application of methodologies for the early detection of new, exotic and re-emerging diseases.
authors.affiliation: VISAVET Centre and Animal Health Department,Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid,Madrid,Spain.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Prieto
authors.affiliation: VISAVET Centre and Animal Health Department,Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid,Madrid,Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vicente-Rubiano
authors.affiliation: VISAVET Centre and Animal Health Department,Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid,Madrid,Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Matamoros
authors.affiliation: VISAVET Centre and Animal Health Department,Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid,Madrid,Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rubio-Guerri
authors.affiliation: VISAVET Centre and Animal Health Department,Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid,Madrid,Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Melero
authors.affiliation: VISAVET Centre and Animal Health Department,Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid,Madrid,Spain.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Martínez-López
authors.affiliation: VISAVET Centre and Animal Health Department,Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid,Madrid,Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martínez-Avilés
authors.affiliation: AHVLA Centre for Epidemiology & Risk Analysis,Animal Health Veterinary Laboratories Agency,New Haw,Addlestone,Surrey,UK.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hoinville
authors.affiliation: RVC Veterinary Epidemiology,Economics and Public Health Group,Royal Veterinary College,North Mymms,London,UK.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vergne
authors.affiliation: SVA Department of Disease Control and Epidemiology,National Veterinary Institute,Uppsala,Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Comin
authors.affiliation: FLI Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health,Greifswald - Insel Riems,Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schauer
authors.affiliation: SVA Department of Disease Control and Epidemiology,National Veterinary Institute,Uppsala,Sweden.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dórea
authors.affiliation: RVC Veterinary Epidemiology,Economics and Public Health Group,Royal Veterinary College,North Mymms,London,UK.
authors.forename: D U
authors.initials: DU
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.affiliation: VISAVET Centre and Animal Health Department,Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid,Madrid,Spain.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Vizcaíno
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003140:Communicable Disease Control / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration*; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
keywords: Animal health; early detection; emerging diseases; exotic diseases; surveillance; systematic review