title: iTRAQ protein profile differential analysis between somatic globular and cotyledonary embryos reveals stress, hormone, and respiration involved in increasing plantlet regeneration of Gossypium hirsutum L.
abstract: Somatic embryo development (SED) in upland cotton shows low frequencies of embryo maturation and plantlet regeneration. Progress in increasing the regeneration rate has been limited. Here a global analysis of proteome dynamics between globular and cotyledonary embryos was performed using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation to explore mechanisms underlying SED. Of 6318 proteins identified by a mass spectrometric analysis, 102 proteins were significantly up-regulated and 107 were significantly down-regulated in cotyledonary embryos. The differentially expressed proteins were classified into seven functional categories: stress responses, hormone synthesis and signal transduction, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, protein metabolism, cell wall metabolism, cell transport, and lipid metabolism. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis showed that stress response, hormone homeostasis, and respiration and photosynthesis were involved in SED. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis confirmed the authenticity and accuracy of the proteomic analysis. Treatment of exogenous hormones showed that abscisic acid and jasmonic acid facilitate SED, whereas gibberellic acid inhibits SED and increases abnormal embryo frequency. Thus, global analysis of proteome dynamics reveals that stress response, hormone homeostasis, and respiration and photosynthesis determined cotton SED. The findings of this research improve the understanding of molecular processes, especially environmental stress response, involved in cotton SED.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Huanghe Road, Anyang, Henan 455000, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Chaojun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qianhua
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zuoren
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xueyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhixia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yuxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Jiahe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Fuguang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D018548:Cotyledon / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D003368:Gossypium / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins
keywords: Gossypium hirsutum; hormone; iTRAQ; proteomics; respiration; somatic embryo development; stress; upland cotton