title: Treatment Outcomes of African American Buprenorphine Patients by Parole and Probation Status.
abstract: This secondary analysis compared outcomes of African-American adults newly-admitted to buprenorphine treatment who were on parole and probation to patients who were not under criminal justice supervision. Buprenorphine patients (N=300) were randomly assigned to receive either Intensive Outpatient Treatment (IOP) or Standard Outpatient Treatment (OP) treatment and were assessed at baseline, 3- and 6-months. There were no differences between groups in treatment retention. Among probationers/parolees, IOP was associated with lower 3-month treatment retention compared to OP, but among participants not on probation/parole the relationship was reversed (p=.004). Both conditions showed significant declines in heroin and cocaine use, illegal activity, and in meeting DSM-IV criteria for opioid and cocaine dependence. Probationers/parolees reported lower frequency of illegal activities at 3-months compared to non-probationers/parolees (p=.007). Buprenorphine treatment should be made more widely available to individuals on parole/probation as they respond as well to treatment as patients not supervised by the criminal justice system.
authors.affiliation: Friends Research Institute, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
authors.forename: Shannon Gwin
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Friends Research Institute, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gryczynski
authors.affiliation: Friends Research Institute, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
authors.forename: Sharon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Psychology College Park, MD 20742 USA.
authors.forename: Kevin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: O'Grady
authors.affiliation: Friends Research Institute, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA ; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
authors.forename: Jerome H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jaffe
authors.affiliation: Institutes for Behavior Resources REACH Health Services, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 USA.
authors.forename: Yngvild K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.affiliation: Friends Research Institute, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Schwartz
keywords: African Americans; Buprenorphine treatment; Criminal Justice; Drug Abuse Treatment; Parole and Probation