title: Assessment of producers' response to Salmonella biosecurity issues and uptake of advice on laying hen farms in England and Wales.
abstract: High standards of biosecurity are known to reduce the risk of disease outbreaks; however, uptake of advice and implementation of biosecurity measures are dependent on many factors. This study assessed the uptake of targeted biosecurity advice by 60 laying hen farms provided during biosecurity audit visits. Advice was provided as bullet point cards focusing on specific areas identified as benefitting from improvement. These covered site entrance, site tidiness, vaccination, boot hygiene, hand hygiene, house tidiness, rodent control, fly control, red mite control and cleaning and disinfection between flocks. Background knowledge of Salmonella and biosecurity and farmers' willingness and intent to implement additional measures were assessed. About 50% of the principal decision-makers had basic background knowledge of Salmonella, with 22% considered well informed; almost all agreed that biosecurity could impact on Salmonella control and many appeared willing to implement additional biosecurity measures. Sixty-three per cent of study farms were categorised using the Defra Farmer Segmentation Model as Modern Family Businesses (MFBs), with 7-11% of farms being categorised as Custodian, Lifestyle Choice, Pragmatist or Challenged Enterprise; however, categorisation, did not determine uptake of advice. The most frequently used advice cards were boot hygiene, red mite control, hand hygiene, site entrance and cleaning and disinfection; uptake of advice ranged from 54 to 80% depending on the advice card. Uptake of advice by the farmers was encouraging, especially considering it was being provided by people other than their usual source of biosecurity information. Those who did not implement the recommended measures cited cost, difficulty of enforcement and practicality as the main reasons. However, the positive uptake of advice and implementation of recommended measures by many farmers demonstrates that targeted advice, discussed face to face with farmers, on a small number of key areas, is a potentially effective method of providing biosecurity information to complement more lengthy formal advisory reports.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Bacteriology , Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency , Surrey KT15 3NB , UK.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Gosling
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wintrip
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sayers
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Davies
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000502:physiology*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012637:Security Measures; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014852:Wales