title: n-3 PUFA induce microvascular protective changes during ischemia/reperfusion.
abstract: Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury can occur in consequence of myocardial infarction, stroke and multiple organ failure, the most prevalent cause of death in critically ill patients. I/R injury encompass impairment of endothelial dependent relaxation, increase in macromolecular permeability and leukocyte-endothelium interactions. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) found in fish oil have several anti-inflammatory properties and their potential benefits against I/R injury were investigated using the hamster cheek pouch preparation before and after ischemia. Before the experiments, hamsters were treated orally with saline, olive oil, fish oil and triacylglycerol (TAG) and ethyl ester (EE) forms of EPA and DHA at different daily doses for 14 days. Fish oil restored the arteriolar diameter to pre ischemic values during reperfusion. At onset and during reperfusion, Fish oil and DHA TAG significantly reduced the number of rolling leukocytes compared to saline and olive oil treatments. Fish oil, EPA TAG and DHA TAG significantly prevented the rise on leukocyte adhesion compared to saline. Fish oil (44.83 ± 3.02 leaks/cm(2)), EPA TAG (31.67 ± 2.65 leaks/cm(2)), DHA TAG (41.14 ± 3.63 leaks/cm(2)), and EPA EE (30.63 ± 2.25 leaks/cm(2)), but not DHA EE (73.17 ± 2.82 leaks/cm(2)) prevented the increase in macromolecular permeability compared to saline and olive oil (134.80 ± 1.49 and 121.00 ± 4.93 leaks/cm(2), respectively). On the basis of our findings, we may conclude that consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially in the triacylglycerol form, could be a promising therapy to prevent microvascular damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion and its consequent clinical sequelae.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Pavilhão Reitor Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha térreo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-013, Brazil, mgcsouza@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Maria das Graças Coelho
authors.initials: Md
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Cristiane Maria Simonato
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Conde
authors.forename: Camila Maurente
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Laflôr
authors.forename: Fernando Lencastre
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Sicuro
authors.forename: Eliete
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bouskela
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D006224:Cricetinae; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000627:therapeutic use; D036904:Leukocyte Rolling / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D055806:Microvessels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005395:Fish Oils; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D020011:Protective Agents; D014280:Triglycerides; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; C035276:eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid