title: National treatment trends, complications, and predictors of in-hospital charges for the surgical management of craniopharyngiomas in adults from 2007 to 2011.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Treatment of craniopharyngiomas is one of the most demanding and controversial neurosurgical procedures performed. The authors sought to determine the factors associated with hospital charges and fees for craniopharyngioma treatment to identify possible opportunities for improving the health care economics of inpatient care.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors analyzed the hospital discharge database of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) covering the period from 2007 through 2011 to examine national treatment trends for adults (that is, those older than 18 years) who had undergone surgery for craniopharyngioma. To predict the drivers of in-hospital charges, a multistep regression model was developed that accounted for patient demographics, acuity measures, comorbidities, hospital characteristics, and complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis included 606 patients who underwent resection of craniopharyngioma; 353 resections involved a transsphenoidal approach (58%) and 253 a transfrontal approach (42%). The mean age (± SD) of patients was 47.7 ± 16.3 years. The average hospital length of stay (LOS) was 7.6 ± 9 days. The mean hospital charge (± SD) was $92,300 ± $83,356. In total, 48% of the patients experienced postoperative diabetes insipidus or an electrolyte abnormality. A multivariate regression model demonstrated that LOS, hospital volume for the selected procedure, the surgical approach, postoperative complications, comorbidities, and year of surgery were all significant predictors of in-hospital charges. The statistical model accounted for 54% of the variance in in-hospital charge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This analysis of inpatient hospital charges in patients undergoing craniopharyngioma surgery identified key drivers of charges in the perioperative period. Prospective studies designed to evaluate the long-term resource utilization in this complex patient population would be a useful future direction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona.
authors.forename: Hasan A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Zaidi
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chapple
authors.forename: Andrew S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Little
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003397:Craniopharyngioma / Q000191:economics* / Q000601:surgery*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D017722:Hospital Charges / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics*; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000191:economics* / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
keywords: ED = emergency department; HCUP = Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project; LOS = length of stay; NIS = Nationwide Inpatient Sample; Nationwide Inpatient Sample; craniopharyngioma; oncology; parasellar; transsphenoidal