title: Primary sclerosing cholangitis as an intractable disease.
abstract: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease of unknown origin which eventually results in liver cirrhosis. The disease is reported to be more common among the Western population than in the Asian population. Asian experience remains limited. Diagnosis and treatment standards in the Far East have largely followed those in the West, including liver transplantation. Unlike in the West, however, recent reports from Japan have presented with a higher recurrence rate of PSC after liver transplantation, suggesting the intractable nature of the disease even after the replacement of the entire affected organ.
authors.affiliation: Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Sumihito
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.affiliation: Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.affiliation: Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kokudo
keywords: Japan; Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC); deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT); living donor liver transplantation (LDLT)