title: Comparisons of automated blood pressures in a primary health care setting with self-measurements at the office and at home using the Omron i-C10 device.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to compare blood pressure (BP) levels recorded using the semiautomatic oscillometric Omron i-C10 BP device in patients with or without hypertension in three different settings: (a) when used by a doctor or a nurse at the office (OBP); (b) when used for self-measurement by the patient at the office (SMOBP); and (c) when used for 7 consecutive days at home (HBP).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 247 individuals were invited to participate, but 78 of these individuals declined and a further seven were excluded, leaving a final cohort of 162 participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean OBP was higher than HBP (difference 8.1±14/3.1±8.8 mmHg, P<0.0001) and so was SMOBP compared with HBP (difference 7.0±13/4.2±7.3 mmHg, P<0.0001). Sixteen participants (9.9%) had at least 10 mmHg higher systolic SMOBP than OBP and 28 (17%) participants had at least 10 mmHg lower systolic SMOBP than OBP. Participants who were current smokers had a larger mean difference between systolic OBP and SMOBP than nonsmokers (OBP-SMOBP in smokers: 6.6±9.4 mmHg, OBP-SMOBP in nonsmokers: 0.5±9.2 mmHg, P=0.011 between groups).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-measurement of BP in the office does not preclude an increase in BP when levels in the individual patients are compared with HBP using the same equipment. Thus, SMOBP with a semiautomatic device does not lead to a reduction in the white-coat effect in the same manner as fully automatic devices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Isam
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Al-Karkhi
authors.forename: Raad
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Al-Rubaiy
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rosenqvist
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Falk
authors.forename: Fredrik H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Nystrom
mesh_terms: D001331:Automation; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D015924:Blood Pressure Monitors; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011320:Primary Health Care