title: Advances in diabetic retinopathy.
abstract: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of long-term diabetes mellitus (DM). Over the last 2 decades lot of work has been on early diagnosis of DR and screening programs have been designed to help the masses. Large numbers of clinical studies have been done for patients of diabetes and DR wherein the role of blood sugar control, metabolic control, role of oral medicines for DR, role of imaging, fluorescein angiography, and retinal photocoagulation has been studied. Newer treatment modalities are being devised and studied for better patient care. We discuss these issues in our review highlight and newer advances over the last few years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Peoples college of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal, India ; Prakash Eyecare & Laser Centre, Bhopal, India.
authors.forename: Prakashchand
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.affiliation: RKDF Dental College and Research Centre, Bhopal, India.
authors.forename: Ankita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jindal
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Peoples college of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal, India.
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Saini
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Peoples college of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Sushil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jindal
keywords: Avastin; VEGF- TRAP; bevacizumab; diabetic retinopathy; early treatment diabetic retinopathy study; fundus fluorescein angiography; intravitreal steroids; optical coherence tomography; ozurdex; photocoagulation; ranibizumab; retisert; screening of diabetic retinopathy; triamcinolone acetonide; vitrectomy