title: Therapeutic effects of globular adiponectin in diabetic rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the therapeutic role of globular adiponectin (gAd) in high-fat diet/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven rats were fed a basic diet (normal control group; NC) during the experiment. Experimental rats (14 rats) were given a high-fat diet for 4 wk and were then injected with STZ to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and NAFLD. Half of the T2DM/NAFLD rats were randomly injected intraperitoneally with gAd for 7 d (gAd-treated group), while the other 7 rats (T2DM/NAFLD group) received 0.9% saline. Plasma biochemical parameters and insulin concentrations were measured. Liver histopathology was examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Insulin receptor expression in the liver was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining, Western blot and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the control group, the T2DM/NAFLD group had increased levels of glucolipid and decreased levels of insulin. Plasma glucose and lipid levels were decreased in the gAd-treated group, while serum insulin levels increased. The expression of insulin receptor in the T2DM/NAFLD group increased compared with the NC group, and gAd downregulated insulin receptor expression in the livers of T2DM/NAFLD rats. Steatosis of the liver was alleviated in the gAd-treated group compared to the T2DM/NAFLD group (NAS 1.39 ± 0.51 vs 1.92 ± 0.51, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Globular adiponectin exerts beneficial effects in T2DM rats with NAFLD by promoting insulin secretion, mediating glucolipid metabolism, regulating insulin receptor expression and alleviating hepatic steatosis.
authors.affiliation: Hong Ma, Fan Cui, Xiang-Jiu Yang, Yan-Ling Huang, Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, Fujian Province, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Hong Ma, Fan Cui, Xiang-Jiu Yang, Yan-Ling Huang, Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, Fujian Province, China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Hong Ma, Fan Cui, Xiang-Jiu Yang, Yan-Ling Huang, Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, Fujian Province, China.
authors.forename: Jing-Jing
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Hong Ma, Fan Cui, Xiang-Jiu Yang, Yan-Ling Huang, Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, Fujian Province, China.
authors.forename: Guo-Ping
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Hong Ma, Fan Cui, Xiang-Jiu Yang, Yan-Ling Huang, Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, Fujian Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiang-Jiu
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Hong Ma, Fan Cui, Xiang-Jiu Yang, Yan-Ling Huang, Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, Fujian Province, China.
authors.forename: Hua-Dong
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Hong Ma, Fan Cui, Xiang-Jiu Yang, Yan-Ling Huang, Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, Fujian Province, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013311:Streptozocin
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013311:Streptozocin; D011972:Receptor, Insulin
keywords: Adiponectin; Insulin receptor; Insulin secretion; Steatosis