title: Microemulsion system for topical delivery of thai mango seed kernel extract: development, physicochemical characterisation and ex vivo skin permeation studies.
abstract: A microemulsion system containing Thai mango seed kernel extract (MSKE, cultivar "Fahlun") was developed and characterised for the purpose of topical skin delivery. The MSKE-loaded microemulsions were prepared by using the spontaneous emulsification method. Isopropyl myristate (IPM) was selected as the oil phase. A polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate and sorbitan monododecanoate (1:1, w/w) system was used as the surfactant phase; an aqueous mixture of different cosurfactants (absolute ethanol, 96.3% v/v ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol or 1,2-propanediol) at a weight ratio of 1:1 was used as the aqueous phase. Among the cosurfactants studied, the 1-propanol aqueous mixture had the largest microemulsion region (48.93%) in the pseudo-ternary phase diagram. Microemulsions containing 1% MSKE demonstrated good physicochemical stability during a six-month study period at 25 ± 2 °C/60% ± 5% RH. The ex vivo skin permeation study demonstrated that the microemulsions exhibited a potent skin enhancement effect allowing MSKE to penetrate skin layers up to 60-fold higher compared with the control. Neither skin irritation nor skin corrosion was observed in ex vivo studies. The present study revealed that IPM-based microemulsion systems may be promising carriers to enhance skin penetration and delivering MSKE for topical treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayuthaya Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. jiraporn.lea@mahidol.ac.th.
authors.forename: Jiraporn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leanpolchareanchai
authors.affiliation: EA 4169 "Fonctions Normales et Pathologiques de la Barrière Cutanée", Laboratoire de Recherche et Développement de Pharmacie Galénique Industrielle, ISPB-Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-I, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France. poretk@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Padois
authors.affiliation: EA 4169 "Fonctions Normales et Pathologiques de la Barrière Cutanée", Laboratoire de Recherche et Développement de Pharmacie Galénique Industrielle, ISPB-Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-I, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France. francoise.falson@recherche.univ-lyon1.fr.
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Falson
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Payathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. rapepol1@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Rapepol
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bavovada
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayuthaya Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. pimolpan.pit@mahidol.ac.th.
authors.forename: Pimolpan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pithayanukul
mesh_terms: D000433:1-Propanol / Q000737:chemistry; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D004655:Emulsions / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D031022:Mangifera / Q000737:chemistry*; D009226:Myristates / Q000737:chemistry; D010539:Permeability; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D009226:Myristates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C008205:isopropyl myristate; D000433:1-Propanol