title: Altered Network Oscillations and Functional Connectivity Dynamics in Children Born Very Preterm.
abstract: Structural brain connections develop atypically in very preterm children, and altered functional connectivity is also evident in fMRI studies. Such alterations in brain network connectivity are associated with cognitive difficulties in this population. Little is known, however, about electrophysiological interactions among specific brain networks in children born very preterm. In the present study, we recorded magnetoencephalography while very preterm children and full-term controls performed a visual short-term memory task. Regions expressing task-dependent activity changes were identified using beamformer analysis, and inter-regional phase synchrony was calculated. Very preterm children expressed altered regional recruitment in distributed networks of brain areas, across standard physiological frequency ranges including the theta, alpha, beta and gamma bands. Reduced oscillatory synchrony was observed among task-activated brain regions in very preterm children, particularly for connections involving areas critical for executive abilities, including middle frontal gyrus. These findings suggest that inability to recruit neurophysiological activity and interactions in distributed networks including frontal regions may contribute to difficulties in cognitive development in children born very preterm.
authors.affiliation: Behavioural and Cognitive Neuroscience Institute, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada. amoiseev@sfu.ca.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moiseev
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.|Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.|Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.|Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Sam M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Doesburg
authors.affiliation: Behavioural and Cognitive Neuroscience Institute, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada.|School of Audiology and Speech Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Anthony T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Herdman
authors.affiliation: Behavioural and Cognitive Neuroscience Institute, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada.|Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada.|Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.|Developmental Neurosciences and Child Health, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Urs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ribary
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.|Developmental Neurosciences and Child Health, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Ruth E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Grunau
mesh_terms: D001683:Biological Clocks / Q000502:physiology; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition; D063132:Connectome; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D062071:Infant, Extremely Premature / Q000502:physiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015225:Magnetoencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000503:physiopathology*