title: V-shaped pits in regions of ancient Baekje kingdom paleoparasitologically confirmed as likely human-waste reservoirs.
abstract: In a paleo-parasitological analysis of soil samples obtained from V-shaped pits dating to the ancient Baekje period in Korean history, we discovered Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and Clonorchis sinensis eggs. In light of the samples' seriously contaminated state, the V-shaped pits might have served as toilets, cesspits, or dung heaps. For a long period of time, researchers scouring archaeological sites in Korea have had difficulties locating such structures. In this context then, the present report is unique because similar kind of the ancient ruins must become an ideal resource for successful sampling in our forthcoming paleoparasitological studies.
authors.affiliation: Bioanthropology and Paleopathology Lab, Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Hoon
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Buyeo Cultural Heritage Center, Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do 323-802, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Yuck
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-715, Korea.
authors.forename: Myeung Ju
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Bioanthropology and Paleopathology Lab, Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Seok
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Buyeo Cultural Heritage Center, Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do 323-802, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Hyun
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Korea National University of Cultural Heritage, Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do 323-812, Korea.
authors.forename: Suk Bae
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Korea National University of Cultural Heritage, Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do 323-812, Korea.
authors.forename: Geon Il
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Yil
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology and Research Center for Mummy, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-715, Korea.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001106:Archaeology; D006376:Helminths / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D010063:Ovum / Q000145:classification*; D010274:Parasitology; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012498:Sanitary Engineering; D012987:Soil / Q000469:parasitology*
chemical_list: D012987:Soil
keywords: Ascaris lumbricoides; Baekje Kingdom; Clonorchis sinensis; Trichuris trichiura; V-shaped pit; helminth egg; paleoparasitology