title: The complex jujube genome provides insights into fruit tree biology.
abstract: The jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), a member of family Rhamnaceae, is a major dry fruit and a traditional herbal medicine for more than one billion people. Here we present a high-quality sequence for the complex jujube genome, the first genome sequence of Rhamnaceae, using an integrated strategy. The final assembly spans 437.65 Mb (98.6% of the estimated) with 321.45 Mb anchored to the 12 pseudo-chromosomes and contains 32,808 genes. The jujube genome has undergone frequent inter-chromosome fusions and segmental duplications, but no recent whole-genome duplication. Further analyses of the jujube-specific genes and transcriptome data from 15 tissues reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying some specific properties of the jujube. Its high vitamin C content can be attributed to a unique high level expression of genes involved in both biosynthesis and regeneration. Our study provides insights into jujube-specific biology and valuable genomic resources for the improvement of Rhamnaceae plants and other fruit trees.
authors.affiliation: 1] Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071001 Baoding, China [2] National Engineering Research Center for Agriculture in North Mountain Area (Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China), 071000 Baoding, China [3] Jujube Working Group, International Society for Horticultural Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071001 Baoding, China.
authors.forename: Meng-Jun
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Qing-Le
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Guo-Cheng
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Forestry, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, China.
authors.forename: Jiu-Rui
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1] Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071001 Baoding, China [2] Jujube Working Group, International Society for Horticultural Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071001 Baoding, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Hui
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071001 Baoding, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071001 Baoding, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
authors.forename: Guijun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center for Agriculture in North Mountain Area (Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China), 071000 Baoding, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Jiang
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center for Agriculture in North Mountain Area (Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China), 071000 Baoding, China.
authors.forename: Xian-Song
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Dong
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071001 Baoding, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Guo
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071001 Baoding, China.
authors.forename: Min-Juan
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071001 Baoding, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071001 Baoding, China.
authors.forename: Ying-Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Bo
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jian
authors.affiliation: BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071001 Baoding, China.
authors.forename: Zan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: College of Forestry, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Chao
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Li-Li
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Chi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Sheng-Guang
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Rong-Jun
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Xuan-Min
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Guang
authors.affiliation: BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Yue-Yang
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Long-Hai
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000235:genetics; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D005638:Fruit / Q000235:genetics*; D020440:Gene Duplication / Q000235:genetics; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D014644:Genetic Variation; D018745:Genome, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D013045:Species Specificity; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000235:genetics; D026801:Synteny / Q000235:genetics; D014197:Trees / Q000235:genetics*; D031957:Ziziphus / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001205:Ascorbic Acid