title: Fungal vaccines and immunotherapeutics.
abstract: Concomitant with the increased prevalence of immunocompromised persons, invasive fungal infections have become considerably more frequent in the last 50 years. High mortality rates caused by invasive mycoses and high morbidity because of intractable mucosal infections have created an unmet need for innovative prophylactic and therapeutic strategies against fungal pathogens. Several immunotherapeutics and vaccines are in development to address this need, although one has yet to reach the clinic. This review focuses on past and current immunotherapeutic and vaccine strategies being tested to either prevent or treat fungal infections, as well as the challenges associated with their development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655.
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655.
authors.forename: Stuart M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Levitz
mesh_terms: D005657:Fungal Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D009181:Mycoses / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D005657:Fungal Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic