title: Development of a standardised training curriculum for robotic surgery: a consensus statement from an international multidisciplinary group of experts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the views of experts about the development and validation of a robotic surgery training curriculum, and how this should be implemented.
  
  
  METHODS
  An international expert panel was invited to a structured session for discussion. The study was of a mixed design, including qualitative and quantitative components based on focus group interviews during the European Association of Urology (EAU) Robotic Urology Section (ERUS) (2012), EAU (2013) and ERUS (2013) meetings. After introduction to the aims, principles and current status of the curriculum development, group responses were elicited. After content analysis of recorded interviews generated themes were discussed at the second meeting, where consensus was achieved on each theme. This discussion also underwent content analysis, and was used to draft a curriculum proposal. At the third meeting, a quantitative questionnaire about this curriculum was disseminated to attendees to assess the level of agreement with the key points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 150 min (19 pages) of the focus group discussion was transcribed (21 316 words). Themes were agreed by two raters (median agreement κ 0.89) and they included: need for a training curriculum (inter-rater agreement κ 0.85); identification of learning needs (κ 0.83); development of the curriculum contents (κ 0.81); an overview of available curricula (κ 0.79); settings for robotic surgery training ((κ 0.89); assessment and training of trainers (κ 0.92); requirements for certification and patient safety (κ 0.83); and need for a universally standardised curriculum (κ 0.78). A training curriculum was proposed based on the above discussions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This group proposes a multi-step curriculum for robotic training. Studies are in process to validate the effectiveness of the curriculum and to assess transfer of skills to the operating room.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
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authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Reenam
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, OLV Vattikuti Robotic Surgery Institute, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mottrie
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Catherine
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authors.lastname: Lovegrove
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G James Cancer Hospital & Richard J Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Ronny
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authors.lastname: Abaza
authors.affiliation: Medanta - The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Rajesh
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authors.lastname: Ahlawat
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
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authors.lastname: Ahlering
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Goran
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authors.lastname: Ahlgren
authors.affiliation: Urology Clinic, A.O.U.I. Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Walter
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authors.lastname: Artibani
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Eric
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authors.lastname: Barret
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cathelineau
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Ben
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authors.lastname: Challacombe
authors.affiliation: Service d'Urologie, Centre Hospitalier René-Dubos, Cergy-Pontoise, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
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authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
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authors.lastname: Hubert
authors.affiliation: University Hospital, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Maurice Stephan
authors.initials: MS
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authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
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authors.affiliation: Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Joan
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authors.lastname: Palou
authors.affiliation: Global Robotics Institute, Florida Hospital Celebration Health, Celebration, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Vipul
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authors.affiliation: Clinique Saint-Augustin, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Pierre-Thierry
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authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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authors.lastname: Van Poppel
authors.affiliation: Service de Chirurgie Urologique, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
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authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Rafael
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authors.lastname: Sanchez-Salas
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siemer
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
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authors.lastname: Stoeckle
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Jens-Uwe
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Stolzenburg
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Etienne
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Terrier
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Joachim W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Thüroff
authors.affiliation: Service D'Urologie et de Transplantation Réno-Pancréatique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
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authors.affiliation: Department Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Henk G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Van Der Poel
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Van Cleynenbreugel
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, OLV Vattikuti Robotic Surgery Institute, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium.|University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Volpe
authors.affiliation: St. Antonius-Hospital Gronau, Gronau, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
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authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Peter
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authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy
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authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jörn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Witt
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
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mesh_terms: D032921:Consensus; D003479:Curriculum; D006801:Humans; D012371:Robotics / Q000193:education*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods*; D014572:Urology / Q000193:education*
keywords: curriculum; education; learning-needs; robotics; training; validation