title: Relapse experience in Iranian opiate users: a qualitative study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To understand the relapse process, it is required to notice the clients learned behaviors and environmental contexts. We aimed to explore and describe relapse experiences of Iranian drug users.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a grounded theory study and twenty two participants were selected using purposive sampling, snowball and theoretical sampling. After obtaining written informed consent, data gathering was done by means of in-depth semi-structured interviews. According to Strauss and Corbin three phases of open coding, axial coding and selection coding were done for qualitative analysis and continuous comparison. During the research period Guba and Lincoln criteria were used to be reassured of the accuracy and rigor of the study findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main categories of this study were craving and conflict, family stress and psychological indicators of relapse that emerged in three phases including recovery, tension and pre-relapse. High anxiety, withdrawal, rationalization and lying were the most common symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Family reactions and social conditions play a key role in relapse. Relapse process is an active and multidimensional event in which the clients experience a psychosocial status continuum from recovery to relapse. Most psychological problems are seen in the tension phase.
authors.affiliation: Center for Nursing Care Research, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
authors.forename: Naiemeh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Seyedfatemi
authors.affiliation: Center for Nursing Care Research, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peyrovi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jalali
keywords: Drug Users; Psychosocial Experience; Qualitative Study; Relapse