title: Frailty status can predict further lean body mass decline in older adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether frailty is a risk factor for skeletal muscle mass decline in community-dwelling elderly people.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seongnam, Gyeongi Province, Korea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-dwelling Koreans aged 65 and older (n = 341).
  
  
  METHODS
  Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) was used to measure body composition at baseline and 5 years later. Laboratory examination and comprehensive geriatric assessment were performed at both times. Lean mass index (LMI) was defined as total body lean mass/height(2). A decrease of more than 5% in the LMI was considered to be significant. Frailty status was defined using the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LMI decline occurred in 196 (54.1%) subjects during the follow-up period (5.0 ± 0.7 years). Baseline LMI was highest in robust (17.6 ± 1.8 kg/m(2), n = 126), lower prefrail (17.0 ± 1.7 kg/m(2), n = 185), and lowest in frail (16.7 ± 1.3 kg/m(2), n = 30) subjects (P < .001). Frailty status was associated with LMI decline at 5-year follow-up (robust 0.81 ± 0.78 kg/m(2), prefrail 1.00 ± 0.92 kg/m(2), frail 1.35 ± 0.85 kg/m(2), P < .001). This effect of frailty on LMI decline persisted after adjusting for covariables (P = .02). The risk of significant LMI decline was 2.9 times as great in frail elderly adults as in those who were robust even after adjusting for covariates (95% confidence interval = 1.01-8.55).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Frailty status was found to be independently associated with subsequent LMI decline in community-dwelling older adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea; College of Medicine, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Sun-Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Ki-Woong
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hak Chul
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Cheol-Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kwang-il
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: aged; frail; longitudinal study; muscle mass