title: Respiratory failure.
abstract: On the basis of research evidence, (1)(2) numerous diseases and conditions can impair gas exchange, resulting in failure to meet the body's metabolic demands and leading to respiratory failure. On the basis of consensus, (1)(2)(7)(8)(9)(10) the clinical presentations of respiratory failure depend on the underlying cause and the level of hypoxemia and hypercapnia. Early diagnosis, close monitoring, and timely intervention are of utmost importance. On the basis of research evidence, (5)(14)(25) interventions range from noninvasive methods, such as close monitoring and supplemental oxygen, to full respiratory support with mechanical ventilation and in extreme cases even the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Allergy, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Phuong
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vo
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Virginia S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Kharasch
mesh_terms: D058109:Airway Management; D006801:Humans; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000175:diagnosis; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000175:diagnosis; D008487:Medical History Taking; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; D010808:Physical Examination; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*