Shame and the motivation to change the self.
A central question of human psychology is whether and when people change for the better. Although it has long been assumed that emotion plays a central role in self-regulation, the role of specific emotions in motivating a desire for self-change has been largely ignored. We report 2 studies examining people's lived experiences of self-conscious emotions, particularly shame, in motivating a desire for self-change. Study 1 revealed that when participants recalled experiences of shame, guilt, or embarrassment, shame-and, to some degree, guilt-predicted a motivation for self-change. Study 2 compared shame, guilt, and regret for events and found that although shame experiences often involved high levels of both regret and guilt, it was feelings of shame that uniquely predicted a desire for self-change, whereas regret predicted an interest in mentally undoing the past and repairing harm done. Implications for motivating behavior change are discussed.
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts.
Brian
B
Lickel
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia.
Kostadin
K
Kushlev
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia.
Victoria
V
Savalei
Department of Marketing, Fisher College of Business, The Ohio State University.
Shashi
S
Matta
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia.
Toni
T
Schmader
D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006167:Guilt; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D012649:Self Concept; D012752:Shame; D055815:Young Adult