Cost of illness due to typhoid Fever in pemba, zanzibar, East Africa.
The aim of this study was to estimate the economic burden of typhoid fever in Pemba, Zanzibar, East Africa. This study was an incidence-based cost-of-illness analysis from a societal perspective. It covered new episodes of blood culture-confirmed typhoid fever in patients presenting at the outpatient or inpatient departments of three district hospitals between May 2010 and December 2010. Cost of illness was the sum of direct costs and costs for productivity loss. Direct costs covered treatment, travel, and meals. Productivity costs were loss of income by patients and caregivers. The analysis included 17 episodes. The mean age of the patients, was 23 years (range=5-65, median=22). Thirty-five percent were inpatients, with a mean of 4.75 days of hospital stay (range=3-7, median=4.50). The mean cost for treatment alone during hospital care was US$ 21.97 at 2010 prices (US$ 1=1,430.50 Tanzanian Shilling─TSH). The average societal cost was US$ 154.47 per typhoid episode. The major expenditure was productivity cost due to lost wages of US$ 128.02 (83%). Our results contribute to the further economic evaluation of typhoid fever vaccination in Zanzibar and other sub-Saharan African countries.
Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Arthorn
A
Riewpaiboon
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Zanzibar, Tanzania.
Moritz
M
Piatti
International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea ; University of Vienna, Biocenter, Vienna, Austria.
Benedikt
B
Ley
International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea ; Menzies School of Health Research, Casuarina, NT, Australia.
Jacqueline
J
Deen
International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea.
Kamala
K
Thriemer
Menzies School of Health Research, Casuarina, NT, Australia.
Lorenz
L
von Seidlein
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Zanzibar, Tanzania.
Mohammad
M
Salehjiddawi
International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea.
Clara Jana-Lui
CJ
Busch
International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea ; University of Vienna, Biocenter, Vienna, Austria.
Wolfgang H
WH
Schmied
Public Health Laboratory (Pemba)-Ivo de Carneri, Chake-Chake, Tanzania.
Said Mohammed
SM
Ali
All were affiliated to the International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea).
The Typhoid Economic Study Group GiDeok Pak Leon R Ochiai Mahesh K Puri Na Yoon Chang Thomas F Wierzba And John D Clemens
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017954:Africa South of the Sahara / Q000453:epidemiology; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017281:Cost of Illness; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006767:Hospitals, District; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007195:Indian Ocean Islands / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013636:Tanzania / Q000453:epidemiology; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
Cost of illness; Incidence-based approach; Tanzania; Typhoid fever