Petunia × hybrida floral scent production is negatively affected by high-temperature growth conditions.
Increasing temperatures due to changing global climate are interfering with plant-pollinator mutualism, an interaction facilitated mainly by floral colour and scent. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analyses revealed that increasing ambient temperature leads to a decrease in phenylpropanoid-based floral scent production in two Petunia × hybrida varieties, P720 and Blue Spark, acclimated at 22/16 or 28/22 °C (day/night). This decrease could be attributed to down-regulation of scent-related structural gene expression from both phenylpropanoid and shikimate pathways, and up-regulation of a negative regulator of scent production, emission of benzenoids V (EOBV). To test whether the negative effect of increased temperature on scent production can be reduced in flowers with enhanced metabolic flow in the phenylpropanoid pathway, we analysed floral volatile production by transgenic 'Blue Spark' plants overexpressing CaMV 35S-driven Arabidopsis thaliana production of anthocyanin pigments 1 (PAP1) under elevated versus standard temperature conditions. Flowers of 35S:PAP1 transgenic plants produced the same or even higher levels of volatiles when exposed to a long-term high-temperature regime. This phenotype was also evident when analysing relevant gene expression as inferred from sequencing the transcriptome of 35S:PAP1 transgenic flowers under the two temperature regimes. Thus, up-regulation of transcription might negate the adverse effects of temperature on scent production.
Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
Alon
A
Cna'ani
Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2063, USA.
Joelle K
JK
Mühlemann
Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
Jasmin
J
Ravid
Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
Tania
T
Masci
Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2063, USA.
Antje
A
Klempien
Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1048, USA.
Thuong T H
TT
Nguyen
Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2063, USA.
Natalia
N
Dudareva
Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1048, USA.
Eran
E
Pichersky
Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
Alexander
A
Vainstein
D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000378:metabolism; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D035264:Flowers / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D015870:Gene Expression; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D006358:Hot Temperature; D000073718:Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins; D032306:Petunia / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D020005:Propanols / Q000378:metabolism; D012765:Shikimic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D059467:Transcriptome; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*
D000872:Anthocyanins; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D000073718:Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins; D020005:Propanols; D012765:Shikimic Acid; D014157:Transcription Factors; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; C502612:AT1G56650 protein, Arabidopsis; C000612141:REG3A protein, human; C439395:1-phenylpropanol
anthocyanin; environmental stimulus; petunia; phenylpropanoid; production of anthocyanin pigment1 (PAP1); temperature; volatile