How does hybrid bridging core modification enhance the nonlinear optical properties in donor-π-acceptor configuration? A case study of dinitrophenol derivatives.
This study spotlights the fundamental insights about the structure and static first hyperpolarizability (β) of a series of 2,4-dinitrophenol derivatives (1-5), which are designed by novel bridging core modifications. The central bridging core modifications show noteworthy effects to modulate the optical and nonlinear optical properties in these derivatives. The derivative systems show significantly large amplitudes of first hyperpolarizability as compared to parent system 1, which are 4, 46, 66, and 90% larger for systems 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively, at Moller-Plesset (MP2)/6-31G* level of theory. The static first hyperpolarizability and frequency dependent coupled-perturbed Kohn-Sham first hyperpolarizability are calculated by means of MP2 and density functional theory methods and compared with respective experimental values wherever possible. Using two-level model with full-set of parameters dependence of transition energy (ΔΕ), transition dipole moment (μ(0)) as well as change in dipole moment from ground to excited state (Δμ), the origin of increase in β amplitudes is traced from the change in dipole moment from ground to excited state. The causes of change in dipole moments are further discovered through sum of Mulliken atomic charges and intermolecular charge transfer spotted in frontier molecular orbitals analysis. Additionally, analysis of conformational isomers and UV-Visible spectra has been also performed for all designed derivatives. Thus, our present investigation provides novel and explanatory insights on the chemical nature and origin of intrinsic nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of 2,4-dinitrophenol derivatives.
Department of Physics, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box, 9004, Saudi Arabia; Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box, 9004, Saudi Arabia.
Shabbir
S
Muhammad
Ahmad
A
Irfan
Mohd
M
Shkir
Aijaz R
AR
Chaudhry
Abul
A
Kalam
Salem
S
AlFaify
Abdullah G
AG
Al-Sehemi
A E
AE
Al-Salami
I S
IS
Yahia
Hong-Liang
HL
Xu
Zhong-Min
ZM
Su
donor-π-acceptor configuration; first hyperpolarizability; nonlinear optical material; polarizability