PVP-coated, negatively charged silver nanoparticles: A multi-center study of their physicochemical characteristics, cell culture and in vivo experiments.
PVP-capped silver nanoparticles with a diameter of the metallic core of 70 nm, a hydrodynamic diameter of 120 nm and a zeta potential of -20 mV were prepared and investigated with regard to their biological activity. This review summarizes the physicochemical properties (dissolution, protein adsorption, dispersability) of these nanoparticles and the cellular consequences of the exposure of a broad range of biological test systems to this defined type of silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles dissolve in water in the presence of oxygen. In addition, in biological media (i.e., in the presence of proteins) the surface of silver nanoparticles is rapidly coated by a protein corona that influences their physicochemical and biological properties including cellular uptake. Silver nanoparticles are taken up by cell-type specific endocytosis pathways as demonstrated for hMSC, primary T-cells, primary monocytes, and astrocytes. A visualization of particles inside cells is possible by X-ray microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and combined FIB/SEM analysis. By staining organelles, their localization inside the cell can be additionally determined. While primary brain astrocytes are shown to be fairly tolerant toward silver nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles induce the formation of DNA double-strand-breaks (DSB) and lead to chromosomal aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster fibroblast cell lines (CHO9, K1, V79B). An exposure of rats to silver nanoparticles in vivo induced a moderate pulmonary toxicity, however, only at rather high concentrations. The same was found in precision-cut lung slices of rats in which silver nanoparticles remained mainly at the tissue surface. In a human 3D triple-cell culture model consisting of three cell types (alveolar epithelial cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells), adverse effects were also only found at high silver concentrations. The silver ions that are released from silver nanoparticles may be harmful to skin with disrupted barrier (e.g., wounds) and induce oxidative stress in skin cells (HaCaT). In conclusion, the data obtained on the effects of this well-defined type of silver nanoparticles on various biological systems clearly demonstrate that cell-type specific properties as well as experimental conditions determine the biocompatibility of and the cellular responses to an exposure with silver nanoparticles.
Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Sebastian
S
Ahlberg
Genetics and Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany.
Alexandra
A
Antonopulos
Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany.
Jörg
J
Diendorf
Center for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen and Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, PO. Box 330440, 28334 Bremen, Germany.
Ralf
R
Dringen
Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany.
Matthias
M
Epple
Genetics and Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany.
Rebekka
R
Flöck
Genetics and Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany.
Wolfgang
W
Goedecke
Free University of Berlin, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
Christina
C
Graf
Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany.
Nadine
N
Haberl
Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany.
Jens
J
Helmlinger
Adolphe Merkle Institute, Université de Fribourg, 1723 Marly, Switzerland.
Fabian
F
Herzog
Genetics and Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany.
Frederike
F
Heuer
Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany.
Stephanie
S
Hirn
Genetics and Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany.
Christian
C
Johannes
Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany.
Stefanie
S
Kittler
Bergmannsheil University Hospital/Surgical Research, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
Manfred
M
Köller
Genetics and Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany.
Katrin
K
Korn
Institute of Epidemiology 2 and Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg/Munich, Germany.
Wolfgang G
WG
Kreyling
Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany.
Fritz
F
Krombach
Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Jürgen
J
Lademann
Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany.
Kateryna
K
Loza
Center for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen and Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, PO. Box 330440, 28334 Bremen, Germany ; nanoTherics Ltd, Innovation Centre 4, Keele University Science and Business Park, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5NL, United Kingdom.
Eva M
EM
Luther
Physical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany.
Marcelina
M
Malissek
Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Martina C
MC
Meinke
Free University of Berlin, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
Daniel
D
Nordmeyer
Genetics and Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany.
Anne
A
Pailliart
Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
Jörg
J
Raabe
Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Fiorenza
F
Rancan
Adolphe Merkle Institute, Université de Fribourg, 1723 Marly, Switzerland.
Barbara
B
Rothen-Rutishauser
Free University of Berlin, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
Eckart
E
Rühl
Abteilung Gesundheitsschutz, Berufsgenossenschaft Holz und Metall, 81241 Munich, Germany.
Carsten
C
Schleh
Genetics and Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany.
Andreas
A
Seibel
Bergmannsheil University Hospital/Surgical Research, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
Christina
C
Sengstock
Physical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany ; Fraunhofer ICT-IMM, Carl-Zeiss-Str. 18-20, 55219 Mainz, Germany.
Lennart
L
Treuel
Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Annika
A
Vogt
Genetics and Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany.
Katrin
K
Weber
Physical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany.
Reinhard
R
Zellner
aerosols; biological properties; cell biology; nanoparticles; nanotoxicology; silver