Taxonomy and phylogeny of yellow Clavaria species with clamped basidia-Clavaria flavostellifera sp. nov. and the typification of C. argillacea, C. flavipes and C. sphagnicola.
This study explores species limits of a group of Clavaria species with taxonomic and nomenclatural problems and discusses the phylogeny and circumscription of the genus. The nuc 28S rDNA (28S) and internal transcribed spacer region phylogenies resolve species relationships, and the ITS is shown to be an adequate barcode marker for Clavaria. Yellow, clamped species of Clavaria are distributed in two clades, (i) C. flavostellifera, sister to C. incarnata and C. asterospora in ITS analyses, characterized by producing ornamented spores, and (ii) C. argillacea-C. citrinorubra-C. flavipes-C. sphagnicola, with smooth spores. Clavaria flavostellifera is described as new species based on morphological and molecular characters. Molecular evidence that supports C. sphagnicola as distinct from C. argillacea is provided. The usefulness of spore ornamentation as a taxonomic character is discussed; it is present only in some taxa and then only on spores trapped in the hymenium. Descriptions of C. argillacea, C. flavipes and C. sphagnicola are provided, along with color photographs and a key to yellow species of Clavaria with clamped basidia. Camarophyllopsis and Clavicorona are recovered within a paraphyletic Clavaria in our 28S phylogeny. Clampless contextual hyphae and narrow, slightly thick-walled mycelial hyphae are proposed as synapomorphies of Camarophyllopsis and Clavaria.
Department of Plant Biology and Ecology (Botany), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain ibai.olariaga@ehu.es.
Ibai
I
Olariaga
Department of Plant Biology and Ecology (Botany), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain.
Isabel
I
Salcedo
Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Ed. Celestino Mutis, 3 pta. Campus Rabanales. University of Córdoba. 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
Pablo P
PP
Daniëls
Mycology Section, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey TW9 3AB, United Kingdom.
Brian
B
Spooner
M
M
Dueñas
M P
MP
Martin
Slovak National Museum-Natural History Museum, Vajanského nábr. 2, P.O. Box 13, 810 06 Bratislava, Slovakia.
Ivona
I
Kautmanová
D000363:Agaricales / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
D004271:DNA, Fungal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer
Basidiomycota; Camarophyllopsis; Clavariaceae; Clavicorona; species delimitation; spore ornamentation