Silver wire amplifies the signaling mechanism for IL-1beta production more than silver submicroparticles in human monocytic THP-1 cells.
Silver materials have been widely used in diverse fields. However, their toxicity and their mechanism, especially in different forms, have not been studied sufficiently. Thus, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) production were investigated using macrophage-like THP-1 cells in the presence of Ag microparticles (AgMPs, 2.7 µm), Ag submicroparticles (AgSMPs, 150 nm), and Ag wires (AgWs, 274 nm×5.3 µm). The levels of cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and IL-1β production by AgWs were higher than those by the other two AgSMPs and AgMPs. This trend was also observed with each step of the signaling mechanism for IL-1β production, which is a single pathway affiliated with ROS generation or lysosomal rupture or both, cathepsin B, caspase-1 (NALP3 inflammasome), and finally IL-1β production in THP-1 cells. All these results suggest that, for development of safe and effective silver materials, the shape or form of silver materials should be considered, especially for macrophage cell lines because epithelial cell lines are not overly sensitive to silver materials.
Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
Hye Jin
HJ
Jung
Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
Pyo June
PJ
Pak
Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
Sung Hyo
SH
Park
Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
Jae Eun
JE
Ju
Bioindustry Process Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeoneup, Korea.
Joong-Su
JS
Kim
College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.
Hoi-Seon
HS
Lee
Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
Namhyun
N
Chung
D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020170:Caspase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D002401:Cathepsin B / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D058847:Inflammasomes / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity / Q000648:ultrastructure; D053770:Nanowires / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D012834:Silver / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
D002352:Carrier Proteins; D058847:Inflammasomes; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; C453881:NLRP3 protein, human; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012834:Silver; D002401:Cathepsin B; D020170:Caspase 1; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate