Dynamic vibrotactile warning signals for frontal collision avoidance: towards the torso versus towards the head.
Three experiments were conducted to assess the effectiveness of dynamic vibrotactile warning signals with different spatial patterns and to compare dynamic towards-torso and towards-head vibrotactile warnings in a simulated driving task. The results revealed that embedding additional stimuli between the participant's hands and waist in the towards-torso cues (Experiment 1) and increasing the spatial distance between adjacent stimuli in the towards-head cues (Experiment 2) did not result in any further benefits in braking response times (BRTs). The triple towards-head cues resulting from the sequential operation of three pairs of stimuli on the torso gave rise to a significant advantage over the static cues; however, it did not outperform the dynamic towards-torso cues with just two pairs of stimuli. Taken together, these results demonstrated the promise of dynamic vibrotactile warnings (especially, the towards-torso warnings) in terms of the future design of more effective rear-end collision warnings.
Three experiments assessed the effectiveness of dynamic towards-torso and towards-head vibrotactile warning signals in a simulated driving task. The results demonstrated the promise of dynamic vibrotactile warnings (especially, the towards-torso vibrotactile warnings) in terms of the future design of more effective frontal collision warnings.
a Department of Industrial Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P.R. China.
Fanxing
F
Meng
Cristy
C
Ho
Rob
R
Gray
Charles
C
Spence
D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology*; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D006257:Head; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D060726:Torso; D014110:Touch; D014732:Vibration; D055815:Young Adult
brake reaction time; driving; frontal collision warning; haptic; interface design; tactile