Association of foods enriched in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and CLA supplements with lipid profile in human studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
The present study aimed to review the association of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) consumption in two forms, foods enriched in CLA and CLA supplements, with serum lipid profile in human studies.


METHODS
Systematic review and meta-analysis.


METHODS
Search process was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Scopus and Science Direct. Clinical trials that investigated the association of CLA intakes either in the form of supplements or enriched foods with lipid profile in healthy adults were included. All outcomes were recorded as continuous variables, and the effect size was measured by analysis of the mean and standard deviation before and after the intervention for case and control groups.


METHODS
Healthy adult population.


RESULTS
CLA supplementation was associated with a significant decrease in LDL cholesterol (mean difference = -0.218; 95% CI -0.358, -0.077; P = 0.002), a non-significant decrease in HDL cholesterol (mean difference = -0.051; 95% CI -0.188, 0.086; P = 0.468), a non-significant increase in total cholesterol (mean difference = 0.009; 95% CI -0.128, 0.146; P = 0.896) and a non-significant decrease in TAG (mean difference = -0.065; 95% CI -0.20, 0.07; P = 0.344). Foods enriched with CLA were associated with significantly decreased LDL cholesterol (mean difference = -0.231; 95% CI -0.438, -0.024; P = 0.028), non-significantly increased HDL-C (mean difference = 0.075; 95% CI -0.121, 0.270; P=0.455), non-significantly decreased total cholesterol (mean difference = -0.158; 95% CI -0.349, 0.042; P = 0.124) and non-significantly decreased TAG (mean difference = -0.078; 95% CI -0.274, 0.117; P = 0.433).


CONCLUSIONS
According to our analysis, consumption of foods enriched with CLA or CLA supplements has favourable effects on LDL cholesterol levels.
1Food Security Research Center,Department of Clinical Nutrition,School of Nutrition & Food Sciences,Isfahan University of Medical Sciences,Isfahan,Islamic Republic of Iran.
Seyede-Masome
SM
Derakhshande-Rishehri
2Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology,School of Health,Isfahan University of Medical Sciences,Isfahan,Islamic Republic of Iran.
Marjan
M
Mansourian
3Child Growth and Development Research Center,Research Institute for Primary Prevention of Non-communicable Disease,Isfahan University of Medical Sciences,Isfahan,Islamic Republic of Iran.
Roya
R
Kelishadi
4Food Security Research Center,Department of Community Nutrition,School of Nutrition & Food Sciences,Isfahan University of Medical Sciences,Isfahan 81754,Islamic Republic of Iran.
Motahar
M
Heidari-Beni
D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D006801:Humans; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol
Conjugated linoleic acid; HDL cholesterol; LDL cholesterol; TAG; Total cholesterol