Evaluation of PSF1 as a prognostic biomarker for prostate cancer.
BACKGROUND
Partner of SLD5 1 (PSF1) is an evolutionarily conserved DNA replication factor. Previous studies have suggested that transcriptional activity of the PSF1 gene correlated with malignancy of cancer cells. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the relationship between PSF1 expression and the clinical features of prostate cancer.


METHODS
We determined the expression of PSF1 in 120 needle biopsy samples of prostate cancer by immunohistochemistry. We divided patients into PSF1-positive or -negative groups and analyzed the relationships between the expression of PSF1, the Gleason score, PSA level, TNM classification and prognosis.


RESULTS
Our results showed that the PSF1 expression correlated significantly with PSA values at diagnosis (P=0.0028), with tumor grade (P<0.0001), and with clinical stage (P=0.0005). Moreover, the PSF1 expression correlated significantly with overall survival (hazard ratio (HR) 5.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.17-15.8; P=0.003) and progression-free survival in 99 consecutive patients with prostate cancer. Noteworthy, the prognosis of PSF1-positive cases was also worse in patients with a Gleason score of 8-10 (HR 3.7; 95% CI 1.28-13.43; P=0.0143). Limitations include that this study had a retrospective design, that patients in the study were heterogeneous and included those with early and advanced cancer, and that small tumor fragments may not be representative of the entire carcinoma.


CONCLUSIONS
PSF1 is expressed in high-grade prostate cancer and may be a useful biomarker to identify patients with a poor prognosis at the time of diagnosis.
1] Department of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan [2] Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
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Tahara
Department of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Naito
Department of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Kise
Department of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Wakabayashi
Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
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Kamoi
Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
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Okihara
Department of Surgical Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
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Yanagisawa
Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Nakai
Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Nonomura
Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Morii
Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
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Miki
1] Department of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan [2] JST, CREST, Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Takakura
D000071181:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
D000071181:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C073119:TAP1 protein, human; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen