Visualization of the heterogeneous membrane distribution of sphingomyelin associated with cytokinesis, cell polarity, and sphingolipidosis.
Sphingomyelin (SM) is a major sphingolipid in mammalian cells and is reported to form specific lipid domains together with cholesterol. However, methods to examine the membrane distribution of SM are limited. We demonstrated in model membranes that fluorescent protein conjugates of 2 specific SM-binding toxins, lysenin (Lys) and equinatoxin II (EqtII), recognize different membrane distributions of SM; Lys exclusively binds clustered SM, whereas EqtII preferentially binds dispersed SM. Freeze-fracture immunoelectron microscopy showed that clustered but not dispersed SM formed lipid domains on the cell surface. Glycolipids and the membrane concentration of SM affect the SM distribution pattern on the plasma membrane. Using derivatives of Lys and EqtII as SM distribution-sensitive probes, we revealed the exclusive accumulation of SM clusters in the midbody at the time of cytokinesis. Interestingly, apical membranes of differentiated epithelial cells exhibited dispersed SM distribution, whereas SM was clustered in basolateral membranes. Clustered but not dispersed SM was absent from the cell surface of acid sphingomyelinase-deficient Niemann-Pick type A cells. These data suggest that both the SM content and membrane distribution are crucial for pathophysiological events bringing therapeutic perspective in the role of SM membrane distribution.
*Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan; INSERM U1060-Université Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia; and Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Asami
A
Makino
*Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan; INSERM U1060-Université Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia; and Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Mitsuhiro
M
Abe
*Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan; INSERM U1060-Université Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia; and Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Motohide
M
Murate
*Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan; INSERM U1060-Université Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia; and Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Takehiko
T
Inaba
*Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan; INSERM U1060-Université Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia; and Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Neval
N
Yilmaz
*Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan; INSERM U1060-Université Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia; and Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Françoise
F
Hullin-Matsuda
*Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan; INSERM U1060-Université Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia; and Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Takuma
T
Kishimoto
*Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan; INSERM U1060-Université Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia; and Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Nicole L
NL
Schieber
*Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan; INSERM U1060-Université Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia; and Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Tomohiko
T
Taguchi
*Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan; INSERM U1060-Université Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia; and Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Hiroyuki
H
Arai
*Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan; INSERM U1060-Université Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia; and Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Gregor
G
Anderluh
*Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan; INSERM U1060-Université Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia; and Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Robert G
RG
Parton
*Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan; INSERM U1060-Université Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia; and Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia kobayasi@riken.jp.
Toshihide
T
Kobayashi
D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D016764:Cell Polarity; D002470:Cell Survival; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D048749:Cytokinesis / Q000502:physiology*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008081:Liposomes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D052536:Niemann-Pick Disease, Type A / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013109:Sphingomyelins / Q000378:metabolism*
D018076:DNA, Complementary; D008081:Liposomes; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013109:Sphingomyelins
lipid binding protein; lipid raft; membrane lipids; sphingolipid; toxins