Italian Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AME) & Italian Association of Clinical Diabetologists (AMD) Position Statement : Diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders: recommendations for clinical practice.
Thyroid disease and diabetes mellitus, the most common disorders in endocrine practice, are not infrequently associated in the same subject. An altered thyroid function may affect glucose tolerance and worsen metabolic control in patients with diabetes. Thyrotoxicosis increases the risk of hyperglycemic emergencies, while a clinically relevant hypothyroidism may have a detrimental effect on glycemic control in diabetic patients. The association of alterations in thyroid function with diabetes mellitus may adversely affect the risk of cardiovascular and microvascular complications resulting from diabetes. Moreover, the treatments used for both diabetes and thyroid disease, respectively, can impact one other. Finally, multinodular goiter, but not thyroid carcinoma, was shown to be more prevalent in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Aim of the present Position Statement is to focus on the evidence concerning the association of thyroid disease and diabetes mellitus and to provide some practical suggestions for an updated clinical management.
Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Interdisciplinary Department of Internal Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
Edoardo
E
Guastamacchia
Vincenzo
V
Triggiani
Alberto
A
Aglialoro
Antimo
A
Aiello
Lucia
L
Ianni
Mauro
M
Maccario
Michele
M
Zini
Carlo
C
Giorda
Rinaldo
R
Guglielmi
Corrado
C
Betterle
Roberto
R
Attanasio
Giorgio
G
Borretta
Piernicola
P
Garofalo
Enrico
E
Papini
Roberto
R
Castello
Antonio
A
Ceriello
D015897:Comorbidity; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D004704:Endocrinology / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D012955:Societies, Medical / Q000592:standards*; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology