Basics of DNA biosensors and cancer diagnosis.
The human genome is exposed to mutations during the life cycle because of many types of changes in the DNA. Viruses, radiation, transposons, mutagenic chemicals, or any errors that happen during DNA replication or the meiotic process in the cell, may cause the mutation. Many mutations have no effect on phenotype or health, while some mutations cause crucial diseases such as cancer or cardiac diseases; therefore, a better understanding of the effects of mutation on phenotype is a very important part of genetic studies. Biosensors based on DNA, RNA, and peptide nucleic acids are the most sensitive tools, due to a strong pairing of lined up nucleotide strands between bases in their complementary parts. These methods can provide information to assist clinicians in making successful treatment decisions and increase the patient survival rate. In this review, we discuss DNA biosensors based on peptide nucleic acids that have an important role in cancer diagnosis.
a Department of Medical Genetics , Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.|b Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.
Nasrin
N
Sohrabi
c Department of Medical Nanotechnology , Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.
Alireza
A
Valizadeh
c Department of Medical Nanotechnology , Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.
Samad Mussa
SM
Farkhani
c Department of Medical Nanotechnology , Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.|d Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.|e Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.|f Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.
Abolfazl
A
Akbarzadeh
D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology
D004247:DNA
DNA; DNA biosensor; cancer; gene mutation; peptide nucleic acids