Recent advances in hydrogen peroxide imaging for biological applications.
Mounting evidence supports the role of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in physiological signaling as well as pathological conditions. However, the subtleties of peroxide-mediated signaling are not well understood, in part because the generation, degradation, and diffusion of H2O2 are highly volatile within different cellular compartments. Therefore, the direct measurement of H2O2 in living specimens is critically important. Fluorescent probes that can detect small changes in H2O2 levels within relevant cellular compartments are important tools to study the spatial dynamics of H2O2. To achieve temporal resolution, the probes must also be photostable enough to allow multiple readings over time without loss of signal. Traditional fluorescent redox sensitive probes that have been commonly used for the detection of H2O2 tend to react with a wide variety of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and often suffer from photostablilty issues. Recently, new classes of H2O2 probes have been designed to detect H2O2 with high selectivity. Advances in H2O2 measurement have enabled biomedical scientists to study H2O2 biology at a level of precision previously unachievable. In addition, new imaging techniques such as two-photon microscopy (TPM) have been employed for H2O2 detection, which permit real-time measurements of H2O2 in vivo. This review focuses on recent advances in H2O2 probe development and optical imaging technologies that have been developed for biomedical applications.
Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA ; Burke Medical Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, White Plains, NY 10605 USA.
Hengchang
H
Guo
Burke Medical Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, White Plains, NY 10605 USA ; Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA.
Hossein
H
Aleyasin
Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
Bryan C
BC
Dickinson
Burke Medical Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, White Plains, NY 10605 USA ; School of Health and Natural Sciences, Mercy College, Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522 USA.
Renée E
RE
Haskew-Layton
Burke Medical Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, White Plains, NY 10605 USA.
Rajiv R
RR
Ratan
Chemiluminescence; Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM); Fluorescent probe; Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); Molecular imaging; Nanoparticles; Ratiometric imaging; Reactive oxygen species (ROS); Two-photon microscopy