Identification of chemokines and growth factors in proliferative diabetic retinopathy vitreous.
Associations were investigated between levels of chemokines and growth factors in the vitreous and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Enrolled were 58 patients (58 eyes) requiring pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), with PDR (n=32, none with traction retinal detachment) or not (non-PDR). In the latter, 16 had macular hole (MH) and 10 had epiretinal membrane (ERM). With a multiplex bead immunoassay, levels of 11 chemokines and growth factors were measured from the undiluted vitreous sample from each patient. In the non-PDR eyes, the levels of the 11 chemokines and growth factors tested were similar between patients with MH and those with ERM. However, the levels of all 11 were significantly higher in the PDR eyes relative to the non-PDR; CCL17, CCL19, and TGFβ3 were markedly upregulated and have not been investigated in PDR previously. The significantly higher levels of CCL4 and CCL11 in PDR contradict the results of previous reports. Based on Spearman's nonparametric test, moderate-to-strong correlations were found between VEGF and other mediators. Our results indicate that these chemokines and growth factors could be candidates for research into targeted therapies applied either singly or in combination with anti-VEGF drugs for the treatment of PDR.
Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Zhongshan 68, Wuxi 214002, China.
Ying
0000-0002-5828-366X
Y
Dai
Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Zhongshan 68, Wuxi 214002, China.
Zhifeng
0000-0002-4963-7454
Z
Wu
Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Zhongshan 68, Wuxi 214002, China.
Feng
0000-0002-0247-9874
F
Wang
Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Zhongshan 68, Wuxi 214002, China.
Zhengwei
Z
Zhang
Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Zhongshan 68, Wuxi 214002, China.
Mengxi
0000-0002-9765-8743
M
Yu
D000368:Aged; D054413:Chemokine CCL11 / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D054414:Chemokine CCL17 / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D054415:Chemokine CCL19 / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D054407:Chemokine CCL4 / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3 / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D014821:Vitrectomy; D018630:Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
C515456:CCL11 protein, human; C106230:CCL17 protein, human; C515460:CCL19 protein, human; C066507:CCL4 protein, human; D054413:Chemokine CCL11; D054414:Chemokine CCL17; D054415:Chemokine CCL19; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; C509044:TGFB3 protein, human; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A