Metabolomic profiling of human follicular fluid from patients with repeated failure of in vitro fertilization using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
OBJECTIVE
To establish a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS)-based metabolomics method to compare the metabolites in the follicular fluid (FF) from patients with in vitro fertilization (IVF) and repeated IVF failure (RIF).


METHODS
A prospective study was employed in Center for Reprodutive Medcine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China, between January and October 2010. FF samples were collected from 13 patients with RIF and 15 patients who achieved pregnancy after the first IVF cycle.


RESULTS
Partial least squares (PLS) discriminant analysis of the PCA data revealed that the samples were scattered into two different regions. FF from the two groups differed with respect to 20 metabolites. FF from RIF group showed elevated levels of several amino acids (valine, threonine, isoleucine, cysteine, serine, proline, alanine, phenylalanine, lysine, methionine and ornithine), and reduced levels of dicarboxylic acids, cholesterol and some organic acids.


CONCLUSIONS
The studies corroborated successful determination of the levels of metabolite in the FF.
Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reprodutive Medcine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China.
Lan
L
Xia
Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reprodutive Medcine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China.
Xiaoming
X
Zhao
Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reprodutive Medcine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China.
Yun
Y
Sun
Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reprodutive Medcine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China.
Yan
Y
Hong
Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reprodutive Medcine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China.
Yuping
Y
Gao
Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reprodutive Medcine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China.
Shuanggang
S
Hu
D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D015571:Follicular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D007246:Infertility / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017211:Treatment Failure
D015415:Biomarkers
In vitro fertilization (IVF); follicular fluid; metabolomics; repeated IVF failure (RIF)