In vitro cytotoxic effects of gold nanoparticles coated with functional acyl homoserine lactone lactonase protein from Bacillus licheniformis and their antibiofilm activity against Proteus species.
N-acylated homoserine lactonases are known to inhibit the signaling molecules of the biofilm-forming pathogens. In this study, gold nanoparticles were coated with N-acylated homoserine lactonase proteins (AiiA AuNPs) purified from Bacillus licheniformis. The AiiA AuNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The synthesized AiiA AuNPs were found to be spherical in shape and 10 to 30 nm in size. Treatment with AiiA protein-coated AuNPs showed maximum reduction in exopolysaccharide production, metabolic activities, and cell surface hydrophobicity and potent antibiofilm activity against multidrug-resistant Proteus species compared to treatment with AiiA protein alone. AiiA AuNPs exhibited potent antibiofilm activity at 2 to 8 μM concentrations without being harmful to the macrophages. We conclude that at a specific dose, AuNPs coated with AiiA can kill bacteria without harming the host cells, thus representing a potential template for the design of novel antibiofilm and antibacterial protein drugs to decrease bacterial colonization and to overcome the problem of drug resistance. In summary, our data suggest that the combined effect of the lactonase and the gold nanoparticles of the AiiA AuNPs has promising antibiofilm activity against biofilm-forming and multidrug-resistant Proteus species.
Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomic Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
Gopalakrishnan
G
Vinoj
School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India.
Rashmirekha
R
Pati
School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India.
Avinash
A
Sonawane
Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomic Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India vaseeharanb@gmail.com.
Baskaralingam
B
Vaseeharan
D015107:4-Butyrolactone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001407:Bacillus / Q000201:enzymology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D011511:Proteus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; C088386:homoserine lactone; D006046:Gold; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; C020579:gluconolactonase; D015107:4-Butyrolactone