Major metropolis rail system access to dental care for the retired and elderly: a high-resolution geographic study of Sydney, Australia.
OBJECTIVE
This study examined the spatial accessibility of the Sydney Dental Hospital, to the people of metropolitan Sydney, using a geographic information systems approach.


BACKGROUND
Sydney, Australia's largest city and the state capital of New South Wales, has 4.6 million people, with one-fifth of the Australian population (4.6 million people). Public dental services exist, but accessibility is limited to some specific population groups, who meet specific eligibility criteria.


METHODS
All adults (those older than 15 years) were included in the study, and two subsets of this population, retirees (older than 65 years) and elderly (older than 85 years), were also examined according to their proximity to the Sydney Dental Hospital, which is located immediately adjacent to the central train station. Census data (population data) and train station geo-coding data were integrated with high-resolution geographic information systems to analyse population spatial accessibility.


RESULTS
Irrespective of the socioeconomic status, it was found that 43% of all the adults, 42.5% of the retirees and 41.6% of elders lived 2 km away from the nearest train station. Two-thirds of those in lower socioeconomic status lived within 2 km of a train station, whilst half of those in the higher socioeconomic status groups lived within 2 km from a train station.


CONCLUSIONS
Metropolitan Sydney is an example of good urban planning where train stations are appropriately placed in high population density and low socioeconomic areas. The same should be investigated in other major metropolises, especially those still in growth and planning transportation systems.
Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, International Research Collaborative - Oral Health and Equity, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
Uswa-I
UI
Zainab
Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, International Research Collaborative - Oral Health and Equity, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
Estie
E
Kruger
Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, International Research Collaborative - Oral Health and Equity, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
Marc
M
Tennant
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001315:Australia; D002391:Catchment Area, Health; D003729:Dental Care / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003752:Dental Health Services / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009517:New South Wales; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012179:Retirement; D019035:Rural Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012923:Social Class; D014186:Transportation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult
dentistry; oral health; spatial accessibility; trains