Changing facial affect recognition in schizophrenia: effects of training on brain dynamics.
Deficits in social cognition including facial affect recognition and their detrimental effects on functional outcome are well established in schizophrenia. Structured training can have substantial effects on social cognitive measures including facial affect recognition. Elucidating training effects on cortical mechanisms involved in facial affect recognition may identify causes of dysfunctional facial affect recognition in schizophrenia and foster remediation strategies. In the present study, 57 schizophrenia patients were randomly assigned to (a) computer-based facial affect training that focused on affect discrimination and working memory in 20 daily 1-hour sessions, (b) similarly intense, targeted cognitive training on auditory-verbal discrimination and working memory, or (c) treatment as usual. Neuromagnetic activity was measured before and after training during a dynamic facial affect recognition task (5 s videos showing human faces gradually changing from neutral to fear or to happy expressions). Effects on 10-13 Hz (alpha) power during the transition from neutral to emotional expressions were assessed via MEG based on previous findings that alpha power increase is related to facial affect recognition and is smaller in schizophrenia than in healthy subjects. Targeted affect training improved overt performance on the training tasks. Moreover, alpha power increase during the dynamic facial affect recognition task was larger after affect training than after treatment-as-usual, though similar to that after targeted perceptual-cognitive training, indicating somewhat nonspecific benefits. Alpha power modulation was unrelated to general neuropsychological test performance, which improved in all groups. Results suggest that specific neural processes supporting facial affect recognition, evident in oscillatory phenomena, are modifiable. This should be considered when developing remediation strategies targeting social cognition in schizophrenia.
Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
Petia
P
Popova
Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
Tzvetan G
TG
Popov
Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
Christian
C
Wienbruch
Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
Almut M
AM
Carolus
Departments of Psychology & Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Gregory A
GA
Miller
Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
Brigitte S
BS
Rockstroh
D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D060306:Magnetometry / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology
Alpha oscillations; Brain rhythms; Cognitive training; Facial affect; MEG; Schizophrenia