Axonal transport: cargo-specific mechanisms of motility and regulation.
Axonal transport is essential for neuronal function, and many neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases result from mutations in the axonal transport machinery. Anterograde transport supplies distal axons with newly synthesized proteins and lipids, including synaptic components required to maintain presynaptic activity. Retrograde transport is required to maintain homeostasis by removing aging proteins and organelles from the distal axon for degradation and recycling of components. Retrograde axonal transport also plays a major role in neurotrophic and injury response signaling. This review provides an overview of axonal transport pathways and discusses their role in neuronal function.
Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 638A Clinical Research Building, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6085 USA.
Sandra
S
Maday
Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 638A Clinical Research Building, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6085 USA.
Alison E
AE
Twelvetrees
Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 638A Clinical Research Building, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6085 USA.
Armen J
AJ
Moughamian
Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 638A Clinical Research Building, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6085 USA. Electronic address: holzbaur@mail.med.upenn.edu.
Erika L F
EL
Holzbaur
D000818:Animals; D001370:Axonal Transport / Q000502:physiology*; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D015388:Organelles / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*