Rapid degradation of zinc oxide nanoparticles by phosphate ions.
Zinc oxide nanoparticles are highly sensitive towards phosphate ions even at pH 7. Buffer solutions and cell culture media containing phosphate ions are able to destroy ZnO nanoparticles within a time span from less than one hour to one day. The driving force of the reaction is the formation of zinc phosphate of very low solubility. The morphology of the zinc oxide particles has only a minor influence on the kinetics of this reaction. Surface properties related to different production methods and the presence and absence of labelling with a perylene fluorescent dye are more important. Particles prepared under acidic conditions are more resistant than those obtained in basic or neutral reaction medium. Surprisingly, the presence of a SiO2 coating does not impede the degradation of the ZnO core. In contrast to phosphate ions, β-glycerophosphate does not damage the ZnO nanoparticles. These findings should be taken into account when assessing the biological effects or the toxicology of zinc oxide nanoparticles.
Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany.
Rudolf
R
Herrmann
Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany ; ICTS Centro Nacional de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Químicas, Av. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
F Javier
FJ
García-García
Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany.
Armin
A
Reller
degradation; phosphate; silica shell; zinc oxide nanoparticles; zinc phosphate