Listening to Mozart K.448 decreases electroencephalography oscillatory power associated with an increase in sympathetic tone in adults: a post-intervention study.
OBJECTIVE
Listening to Mozart K.448 has been demonstrated to improve spatial task scores, leading to what is known as the Mozart Effect. However, most of these reports only describe the phenomena but lack the scientific evidence needed to properly investigate the mechanism of Mozart Effect. In this study, we used electroencephalography (EEG) and heart rate variability (HRV) to evaluate the effects of Mozart K.448 on healthy volunteers to explore Mozart Effect.


METHODS
An EEG-based post-intervention analysis.


METHODS
Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.


METHODS
Twenty-nine college students were enrolled. They received EEG and electrocardiogram examinations simultaneously before, during and after listening to the first movement of Mozart K.448.


METHODS
EEG alpha, theta and beta power and HRV were compared in each stage.


RESULTS
The results showed a significant decrease in alpha, theta and beta power when they listened to Mozart K.448. In addition, the average root mean square successive difference, the proportion derived by dividing NN50 by the total number of NN intervals, standard deviations of NN intervals and standard deviations of differences between adjacent NN intervals showed a significant decrease, while the high frequency revealed a significant decrease with a significantly elevated low-frequency/high-frequency ratio.


CONCLUSIONS
Listening to Mozart K.448 significantly decreased EEG alpha, theta and beta power and HRV. This study indicates that there is brain cortical function and sympathetic tone activation in healthy adults when listening to Mozart K.448, which may play an important role in the mechanism of Mozart Effect.
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Departments of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Lung-Chang
LC
Lin
Department of Electrical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Chen-Sen
CS
Ouyang
Department of Computer and Communication, National Pingtung Institute of Commerce, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Ching-Tai
CT
Chiang
Department of Information Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Rong-Ching
RC
Wu
Departments of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Hui-Chuan
HC
Wu
Departments of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Department of Pediatrics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
Rei-Cheng
RC
Yang
Mozart Effect; Mozart K.448; electroencephalography power; heart rate variability