Complexity of danger: the diverse nature of damage-associated molecular patterns.
In reply to internal or external danger stimuli, the body orchestrates an inflammatory response. The endogenous triggers of this process are the damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs represent a heterogeneous group of molecules that draw their origin either from inside the various compartments of the cell or from the extracellular space. Following interaction with pattern recognition receptors in cross-talk with various non-immune receptors, DAMPs determine the downstream signaling outcome of septic and aseptic inflammatory responses. In this review, the diverse nature, structural characteristics, and signaling pathways elicited by DAMPs will be critically evaluated.
From the Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung, Entwicklung und -Sicherheit (ZAFES), Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Schaefer@med.uni-frankfurt.de.
Liliana
L
Schaefer
D000818:Animals; D003600:Cytosol / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D058847:Inflammasomes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D018448:Models, Immunological; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology
D058847:Inflammasomes; D011509:Proteoglycans; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition
ATP; Autophagy; Biglycan; Decorin; Heat Shock Protein (HSP); Heparan Sulfate; Hyaluronan; Inflammasome; Necrosis (Necrotic Death); Small Leucine-rich Proteoglycan (SLRP); Toll-like Receptor (TLR)