Further insights into the composition, source, and toxicity of PAHs in size-resolved particulate matter in a megacity in China.
Concentrations of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm (PM10 ) and PM with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5 ), and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured. The average concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 reached 209.75 μg/m(3) and 141.87 μg/m(3) , respectively, and those of ΣPAHs were 41.46 ng/m(3) for PM10 and 36.77 ng/m(3) for PM2.5 . The mass ratio concentrations were 219.23 μg/g and 311.01 μg/g in PM10 and PM2.5 , respectively. Three sources and their contributions for PAHs were obtained. For individual input mode, diesel exhaust contributed 46.77% (PM10 ) and 41.12% (PM2.5 ) for mass concentration and 48.69% (PM10 ) and 39.47% (PM2.5 ) for mass ratio concentration; gasoline exhaust contributed 31.02% (PM10 ) and 39.47% (PM2.5 ) for mass concentration and 28.95% (PM10 ) and 36.46% (PM2.5 ) for mass ratio concentration; and coal combustion contributed 22.22% (PM10 ) and 19.41% (PM2.5 ) for mass concentration and 22.36% (PM10 ) and 15.89% (PM2.5 ) for mass ratio concentration. For combined input mode, the same source categories were obtained. Source contributions to PM10 and PM2.5 were diesel exhaust (40.70% and 36.64%, respectively, for mass concentration; 49.19% and 38.47%, respectively, for mass ratio concentration), gasoline exhaust (35.09% and 38.47%, respectively, for mass concentration; 32.50% and 33.43%, respectively, for mass ratio concentration), and coal combustion (24.21% and 24.89%, respectively, for mass concentration; 18.31% and18.17%, respectively, for mass ratio concentration). Source risk assessment showed that vehicle emission was a significant contributor. The findings can help elucidate sources of PAHs and provide evidence supporting further applications of the Unmix model and additional studies about PAHs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:480-487. © 2014 SETAC.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
Guo-Liang
GL
Shi
Xiao-Yu
XY
Zhou
Su-Yang
SY
Jiang
Ying-Ze
YZ
Tian
Gui-Rong
GR
Liu
Yin-Chang
YC
Feng
Gang
G
Chen
Yang-Ke-Xin
YK
Liang
D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D001272:Atmosphere / Q000737:chemistry; D002681:China; D002947:Cities; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*
D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Input modes; PAHs; Source; Toxic equivalency (TEQ); Unmix