Morphing and vectoring impacting droplets by means of wettability-engineered surfaces.
Driven by its importance in nature and technology, droplet impact on solid surfaces has been studied for decades. To date, research on control of droplet impact outcome has focused on optimizing pre-impact parameters, e.g., droplet size and velocity. Here we follow a different, post-impact, surface engineering approach yielding controlled vectoring and morphing of droplets during and after impact. Surfaces with patterned domains of extreme wettability (high or low) are fabricated and implemented for controlling the impact process during and even after rebound--a previously neglected aspect of impact studies on non-wetting surfaces. For non-rebound cases, droplets can be morphed from spheres to complex shapes--without unwanted loss of liquid. The procedure relies on competition between surface tension and fluid inertial forces, and harnesses the naturally occurring contact-line pinning mechanisms at sharp wettability changes to create viable dry regions in the spread liquid volume. Utilizing the same forces central to morphing, we demonstrate the ability to rebound orthogonally-impacting droplets with an additional non-orthogonal velocity component. We theoretically analyze this capability and derive a We(-.25) dependence of the lateral restitution coefficient. This study offers wettability-engineered surfaces as a new approach to manipulate impacting droplet microvolumes, with ramifications for surface microfluidics and fluid-assisted templating applications.
1] Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States [2] Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
Thomas M
TM
Schutzius
Department of Mechanical Engineering, RWTH Aachen, 52072 Aachen, Germany.
Gustav
G
Graeber
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States.
Mohamed
M
Elsharkawy
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States.
James
J
Oreluk
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States.
Constantine M
CM
Megaridis