Raman difference spectroscopy: a non-invasive method for identification of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
The feasibility of shifted-excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS) as a label-free and non-invasive technique for an objective diagnosis of oral cancer (OSCC) was investigated by analyzing 12 ex vivo OSCC samples. 72 mean SERDS spectra from each three physiological tissue points and pathological lesions were correlated with the histo-pathological diagnosis. Principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) showed excellent results with an area under the curve of 94.5% and a classification error of 9.7% (sensitivity: 86.1%; specificity: 94.4%). The SERDS Raman spectra of malignant and benignant tissues were discriminable with respect to the spectral features of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. The presented method is capable of a highly accurate identification of OSCC. These findings suggest a high validity and reproducibility of SERDS combined with PCA and LDA analysis regarding oral cancer tissue.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany ; Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
Knipfer
K
Christian
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
Motz
M
Johanna
Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
Adler
A
Werner
Department of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
Brunner
B
Kathrin
Lehrstuhl für Technische Thermodynamik, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany ; Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
Gebrekidan Medhaine
GM
Tesfay
Lehrstuhl für Technische Thermodynamik, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany ; Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
Hankel
H
Robert
Department of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
Agaimy
A
Abbas
Lehrstuhl für Technische Thermodynamik, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany ; Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
Will
W
Stefan
Lehrstuhl für Technische Thermodynamik, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany ; Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
Braeuer
B
Andreas
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany ; Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
Neukam Friedrich
NF
Wilhelm
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany ; Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
Stelzle
S
Florian
(170.0170) Medical optics and biotechnology; (170.3890) Medical optics instrumentation; (170.5660) Raman spectroscopy; (170.6935) Tissue characterization