Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. are broadly susceptible to isolates representing the North American genogroups of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus.
Beginning in 1992, three epidemic waves of infectious hematopoietic necrosis, often with high mortality, occurred in farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. on the west coast of North America. We compared the virulence of eleven strains of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), representing the U, M and L genogroups, in experimental challenges of juvenile Atlantic salmon in freshwater. All strains caused mortality and there was wide variation within genogroups: cumulative mortality for five U-group strains ranged from 20 to 100%, four M-group strains ranged 30-63% and two L-group strains varied from 41 to 81%. Thus, unlike Pacific salmonids, there was no apparent correlation of virulence in a particular host species with virus genogroup. The mortality patterns indicated two different phenotypes in terms of kinetics of disease progression and final per cent mortality, with nine strains having moderate virulence and two strains (from the U and L genogroups) having high virulence. These phenotypes were investigated by histopathology and immunohistochemistry to describe the variation in the course of IHNV disease in Atlantic salmon. The results from this study demonstrate that IHNV may become a major threat to farmed Atlantic salmon in other regions of the world where the virus has been, or may be, introduced.
U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
G
G
Kurath
U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
J R
JR
Winton
Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
O B
OB
Dale
U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
M K
MK
Purcell
Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
K
K
Falk
R A
RA
Busch
D000413:Alaska / Q000453:epidemiology; D000818:Animals; D001955:British Columbia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000821:virology*; D005398:Fisheries; D005838:Genotype; D007061:Idaho / Q000453:epidemiology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D029142:Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity; D007422:Intestines / Q000473:pathology; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D007700:Kinetics; D009336:Necrosis; D046790:Pancreas, Exocrine / Q000473:pathology; D010802:Phylogeny; D018353:Rhabdoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D020317:Salmo salar; D013154:Spleen / Q000473:pathology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014774:Virulence; D014861:Washington / Q000453:epidemiology
Atlantic salmon; fish virus; host specificity; infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus