Grape seed extracts inhibit dentin matrix degradation by MMP-3.
Since Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been suggested to contribute to dentin caries progression, the hypothesis that MMP inhibition would affect the progression of dentin caries is clinically relevant. Grape seed extracts (GSE) have been previously reported to be natural inhibitors of MMPs.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the capacity of a GSE mouthrinse to prevent the degradation of demineralized dentin matrix by MMP-3 (stromelysin-1).


METHODS
Standardized blocks of dentin obtained from sound permanent teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons were demineralized with Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and pretreated either with (A) GSE (0.2% w/v), (B) amine fluoride (AmF) (20% w/v), (C) a mouthrinse which contains both, (D) placebo, (E) sodium fluoride (0.15 mg.ml(-1)), (F) PBS, (G) Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), or (H) zinc chloride (ZnCl2). The dentin blocks were then incubated with activated recombinant MMP-3. The supernatants were analyzed by Western Blot for several dentin matrix proteins known to be MMP-3 substrate. In parallel, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed on resin replica of the dentin blocks.


RESULTS
Western blot analysis of the supernatants revealed that MMP-3 released from the dentin matrix small proteoglycans (decorin and biglycan) and dentin sialoprotein (DSP) in the AmF, sodium fluoride, PBS and placebo pretreated groups, but not in the GSE and mouthrinse pretreated groups. SEM examination of resin replica showed that the mouthrinse and its active components not only had an anti-MMP action but also modified the dentin surface accessibility.


CONCLUSIONS
This study shows that GSE either alone or combined with AmF as in the evaluated mouthrinse limits dentin matrix degradation. This association may be promising to prevent the progression of caries within dentin. However, the procedure should be adapted to clinically relevant durations.
EA 2496, Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental school, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité Montrouge, France.
Mayssam
M
Khaddam
EA 2496, Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental school, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité Montrouge, France ; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Odontology Departments (Bretonneau and Charles Foix) Paris, France.
Benjamin
B
Salmon
EA 2496, Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental school, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité Montrouge, France.
Dominique
D
Le Denmat
Medical Research Center Oulu, Institute of Dentistry, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu Oulu, Finland.
Leo
L
Tjaderhane
Laboratoire CRRET, Université Paris-Est, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Créteil, France.
Suzanne
S
Menashi
EA 2496, Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental school, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité Montrouge, France ; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Odontology Departments (Bretonneau and Charles Foix) Paris, France.
Catherine
C
Chaussain
EA 2496, Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental school, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité Montrouge, France.
Gaël Y
GY
Rochefort
EA 2496, Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental school, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité Montrouge, France ; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Odontology Departments (Bretonneau and Charles Foix) Paris, France.
Tchilalo
T
Boukpessi
caries; dentin; grape seed extracts; matrix metalloproteinases; mouthrinse