The influence of monoamine oxidase variants on the risk of betel quid-associated oral and pharyngeal cancer.
Betel quid (BQ) and areca nut (AN) (major BQ ingredient) are group I human carcinogens illustrated by International Agency for Research on Cancer and are closely associated with an elevated risk of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx. The primary alkaloid of AN, arecoline, can be metabolized via the monoamine oxidase (MAO) gene by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the variants of the susceptible candidate MAO genes are associated with OPMDs and oral and pharyngeal cancer. A significant trend of MAO-A mRNA expression was found in in vitro studies. Using paired human tissues, we confirmed the significantly decreased expression of MAO-A and MAO-B in cancerous tissues when compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues. Moreover, we determined that MAO-A single nucleotide polymorphism variants are significantly linked with oral and pharyngeal cancer patients in comparison to OPMDs patients [rs5953210 risk G-allele, odds ratio = 1.76; 95% confidence interval = 1.02-3.01]. In conclusion, we suggested that susceptible MAO family variants associated with oral and pharyngeal cancer may be implicated in the modulation of MAO gene activity associated with ROS.
School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan ; Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan ; Global Center of Excellence for Oral Health Research and Development, No. 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
Ping-Ho
0000-0002-0357-8081
PH
Chen
Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan ; Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70 Lienhai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
Bin
B
Huang
Global Center of Excellence for Oral Health Research and Development, No. 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan ; School of Oral Hygiene, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
Tien-Yu
TY
Shieh
School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan ; Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
Yan-Hsiung
YH
Wang
School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan ; Division of Oral Pathology & Diagnosis, Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
Yuk-Kwan
YK
Chen
Department of Oral Hygiene, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan ; Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
Ju-Hui
JH
Wu
Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70 Lienhai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
Jhen-Hao
JH
Huang
Division of Traumatology & Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, No. 901 Zhonghua Road, Yongkang District, Tainan 710, Taiwan ; Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, College of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
Chun-Chia
CC
Chen
Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan ; Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
Ka-Wo
KW
Lee
D001114:Areca / Q000737:chemistry; D001115:Arecoline / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009055:Mouth / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D010610:Pharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D010614:Pharynx / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012306:Risk; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment
D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D001115:Arecoline; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase