Effects of 60-day bed rest with and without exercise on cellular and humoral immunological parameters.
Exercise at regular intervals is assumed to have a positive effect on immune functions. Conversely, after spaceflight and under simulated weightlessness (e.g., bed rest), immune functions can be suppressed. We aimed to assess the effects of simulated weightlessness (Second Berlin BedRest Study; BBR2-2) on immunological parameters and to investigate the effect of exercise (resistive exercise with and without vibration) on these changes. Twenty-four physically and mentally healthy male volunteers (20-45 years) performed resistive vibration exercise (n=7), resistance exercise without vibration (n=8) or no exercise (n=9) within 60 days of bed rest. Blood samples were taken 2 days before bed rest, on days 19 and 60 of bed rest. Composition of immune cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytokines and neuroendocrine parameters were analyzed by Luminex technology and ELISA/RIA in plasma. General changes over time were identified by paired t-test, and exercise-dependent effects by pairwise repeated measurements (analysis of variance (ANOVA)). With all subjects pooled, the number of granulocytes, natural killer T cells, hematopoietic stem cells and CD45RA and CD25 co-expressing T cells increased and the number of monocytes decreased significantly during the study; the concentration of eotaxin decreased significantly. Different impacts of exercise were seen for lymphocytes, B cells, especially the IgD(+) subpopulation of B cells and the concentrations of IP-10, RANTES and DHEA-S. We conclude that prolonged bed rest significantly impacts immune cell populations and cytokine concentrations. Exercise was able to specifically influence different immunological parameters. In summary, our data fit the hypothesis of immunoprotection by exercise and may point toward even superior effects by resistive vibration exercise.
1] Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany [2] Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany [3] Berlin-Brandenburg Center of Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany.
Paula
P
Hoff
Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Muscle and Bone Research, Berlin, Germany.
Daniel L
DL
Belavý
1] Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany [2] Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany.
Dörte
D
Huscher
1] Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany [2] Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany [3] Berlin-Brandenburg School of Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Berlin, Germany.
Annemarie
A
Lang
1] Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany [2] Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany [3] Berlin-Brandenburg School of Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Berlin, Germany.
Martin
M
Hahne
1] Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany [2] Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany.
Anne-Kathrin
AK
Kuhlmey
1] Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany [2] Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany.
Patrick
P
Maschmeyer
Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Muscle and Bone Research, Berlin, Germany.
Gabriele
G
Armbrecht
Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Zentralinstitut für Laboratoriumsmedizin und Pathobiochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Rudolf
R
Fitzner
Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Zentralinstitut für Laboratoriumsmedizin und Pathobiochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Frank H
FH
Perschel
1] Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany [2] Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany [3] Berlin-Brandenburg Center of Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany.
Timo
T
Gaber
Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany.
Gerd-Rüdiger
GR
Burmester
University Hospital of Regensburg, Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg, Germany.
Rainer H
RH
Straub
Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Muscle and Bone Research, Berlin, Germany.
Dieter
D
Felsenberg
1] Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany [2] Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany [3] Berlin-Brandenburg Center of Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany.
Frank
F
Buttgereit
D000328:Adult; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D056724:Immunity, Humoral; D008297:Male; D012146:Rest; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors
D016207:Cytokines