Sulfated chitosan oligosaccharides suppress LPS-induced NO production via JNK and NF-κB inactivation.
Various biological effects have been reported for sulfated chitosan oligosaccharides, but the molecular mechanisms of action of their anti-inflammatory effects are still unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of sulfated chitosan oligosaccharides and to elucidate the possible mechanisms of action. The results showed that pretreated low molecular weight sulfated chitosan oligosaccharides inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells. The sulfated chitosan oligosaccharides also suppressed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), phosphorylation of JNK and translocation of p65, a subunit of NF-κB, into the nucleus by inhibiting degradation of IκB-α. Our investigation suggests sulfated chitosan oligosaccharides inhibit IL-6/TNF-α in LPS-induced macrophages, regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathways dependent on NF-κB activation.
Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
Jung-Hyun
JH
Kim
Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
Yon-Suk
YS
Kim
Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
Jin-Woo
JW
Hwang
Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
Young-Ki
YK
Han
Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea.
Jung-Suck
JS
Lee
Specialized Graduate School & Technology Convergence, Department of Marine-Bio Convergence Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea.
Se-Kwon
SK
Kim
School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea.
You-Jin
YJ
Jeon
Korea Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
Sang-Ho
SH
Moon
Korea Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
Byong-Tae
BT
Jeon
Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea. byoung1@kku.ac.kr.
Young Yil
YY
Bahk
Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea. parkpj@kku.ac.kr.
Pyo-Jam
PJ
Park
D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009844:Oligosaccharides; C498144:Rela protein, mouse; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D048271:Chitosan; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4