The effects of bruising and temperature on enzyme activity and textural qualities of tomato juice.
BACKGROUND
During harvest and transportation, processing tomatoes are exposed to elevated temperatures, compression and vibration in the harvester and truck, making them prone to bruising. The objective of this study was to determine how bruising and exposure to high temperatures affect pectin methylesterase (PME) activation and the textural quality of tomato juice.


RESULTS
Tomatoes were both hand and mechanically harvested using current harvest practices. Mechanically harvested fruits were significantly softer, had greater PME activity and greater juice consistency than hand harvested fruits. In a controlled bruising study, whole tomatoes were exposed to various compressive forces at 21 or 40 °C and held for 0 or 4 h. Greater bruising force and higher temperature resulted in a decrease in firmness and an increase in PME activity. Consistency of tomato juice improved when tomatoes were exposed to 40 °C. Tomatoes subjected to a temperature range from 21 to 65 °C had activated PME at 40 °C and increased activity as temperature increased. Consistency increased at 35 °C but decreased with increasing temperature.


CONCLUSIONS
Tomatoes harvested using current mechanical techniques are likely to be less firm and have increased PME activity; however, increased consistency of processed juice is observed. Tomatoes harvested at higher temperatures are also likely to have better consistency when processed.
Robert Mondavi Institute, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Matthew T
MT
Held
Gordon E
GE
Anthon
Diane M
DM
Barrett
D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D063427:Food Quality; D005638:Fruit / Q000201:enzymology*; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000201:enzymology*; D012677:Sensation; D013696:Temperature
D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; C022323:pectinesterase
Bostwick; bruising; consistency; pectin methylesterase; processing; tomato