Identification of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) clades with long-term global distribution.
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), a major cause of infectious diarrhea, produce heat-stable and/or heat-labile enterotoxins and at least 25 different colonization factors that target the intestinal mucosa. The genes encoding the enterotoxins and most of the colonization factors are located on plasmids found across diverse E. coli serogroups. Whole-genome sequencing of a representative collection of ETEC isolated between 1980 and 2011 identified globally distributed lineages characterized by distinct colonization factor and enterotoxin profiles. Contrary to current notions, these relatively recently emerged lineages might harbor chromosome and plasmid combinations that optimize fitness and transmissibility. These data have implications for understanding, tracking and possibly preventing ETEC disease.
1] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. [2] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
Astrid
A
von Mentzer
1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK. [2] Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Thomas R
TR
Connor
Centre of Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Lothar H
LH
Wieler
Centre of Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Torsten
T
Semmler
Interdisciplinary Research Organization, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
Atsushi
A
Iguchi
Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
Nicholas R
NR
Thomson
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
David A
DA
Rasko
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Enrique
E
Joffre
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Jukka
J
Corander
Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
Derek
D
Pickard
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Gudrun
G
Wiklund
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Ann-Mari
AM
Svennerholm
1] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. [2] Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Åsa
Å
Sjöling
Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
Gordon
G
Dougan
D000483:Alleles; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000382:microbiology*; D054307:Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D015723:Gene Library; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008957:Models, Genetic; D019081:O Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012703:Serotyping; D014774:Virulence
D019081:O Antigens