Congenital talipes equinovarus: frequency of associated malformations not identified by prenatal ultrasound.
OBJECTIVE
To establish the frequency of prenatally undetected associated malformations (identified at birth) in infants with apparent "isolated" club foot deformity.


METHODS
A cohort study of all infants with unilateral or bilateral club foot deformity identified at birth among 311 480 infants surveyed between 1972 and 2012 at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. Those with talipes equinovarus were divided into "isolated" and "complex", based on the findings in examination and by chromosome analysis.


RESULTS
One hundred and forty-two infants had "isolated" talipes equinovarus (TEV), and 66 had the "complex" type. Six (4.2%) of the 142 infants with "isolated" TEV were found at birth to have associated malformations that had not been identified by imaging during pregnancy. These abnormalities included hip dislocation (n = 2), bilateral post-axial polydactyly of the feet (n = 1), penile chordee (n = 1), and hypospadias (n = 2).


CONCLUSIONS
In this consecutive series of infants with isolated talipes equinovarus, 95.8% had no additional malformations identified by examination at birth. None of the additional findings were severe enough to affect the medical prognosis of the affected infant. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Medical Genetics Unit, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
M Hassan
MH
Toufaily
Marie-Noel
MN
Westgate
Lewis B
LB
Holmes
D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003025:Clubfoot / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006618:Hip Dislocation, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000002:abnormalities*; D017689:Polydactyly / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D014034:Toes / Q000002:abnormalities*; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal