Effect of a soluble prebiotic fiber, NUTRIOSE, on the absorption of ginsenoside Rd in rats orally administered ginseng.
BACKGROUND
There is limited understanding of the effect of dietary components on the absorption of ginsenosides and their metabolites into the blood.


METHODS
This study investigated the pharmacokinetics of the ginseng extract and its main constituent ginsenoside Rb1 in rats with or without pretreatment with a prebiotic fiber, NUTRIOSE, by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. When ginsenoside Rb1 was incubated with rat feces, its main metabolite was ginsenoside Rd.


RESULTS
When the intestinal microbiota of rat feces were cultured in vitro, their ginsenoside Rd-forming activities were significantly induced by NUTRIOSE. When ginsenoside Rb1 was orally administered to rats, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve (AUC) for the main metabolite, ginsenoside Rd, were 72.4 ± 31.6 ng/mL and 663.9 ± 285.3 μg·h/mL, respectively. When the ginseng extract (2,000 mg/kg) was orally administered, Cmax and AUC for ginsenoside Rd were 906.5 ± 330.2 ng/mL and 11,377.3 ± 4,470.2 μg·h/mL, respectively. When ginseng extract was orally administered to rats fed NUTRIOSE containing diets (2.5%, 5%, or 10%), Cmax and AUC were increased in the NUTRIOSE receiving groups in a dose-dependent manner.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings reveal that intestinal microflora promote metabolic conversion of ginsenoside Rb1 and ginseng extract to ginsenoside Rd and promote its absorption into the blood in rats. Its conversion may be induced by prebiotic diets such as NUTRIOSE.
Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea.
Kyung-Ah
KA
Kim
Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
Hye Hyun
HH
Yoo
Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea.
Wan
W
Gu
Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea.
Dae-Hyung
DH
Yu
Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
Ming Ji
MJ
Jin
Roquette Korea Ltd, Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea.
Hae-Lim
HL
Choi
Roquette Management (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, K. Wah Centre, Shanghai, China.
Kathy
K
Yuan
Biology and Nutrition department, Roquette Frères, Rue de la Haute Loge, Lestrem, France.
Laetitia
L
Guerin-Deremaux
Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea.
Dong-Hyun
DH
Kim
NUTRIOSE; Panax ginseng; ginsenoside Rb1; ginsenoside Rd; pharmacokinetic