The associations of leg lean mass with foot pain, posture and function in the Framingham foot study.
BACKGROUND
Foot disorders are common in older adults and associated with impaired lower extremity function. Reduced muscle mass may play a role in the etiology of foot disorders and consequent poor function.


METHODS
We examined the association of leg lean mass with foot pain, posture and function among 1,795 individuals (mean age 67 years) from the population-based Framingham Foot Study (2002-2008). Pain was assessed via questionnaire, and a pressure mat classified foot posture (arch: high, low, referent) during standing and function (pronation, supination, referent) during gait. Leg lean mass was measured by whole body dual energy x-ray absorptiometry.


RESULTS
In age- and body mass index-adjusted logistic (pain) and multinomial logistic (posture, function) regression models, a 1-standard deviation increase in leg lean mass was associated with lower odds of foot pain (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.86) and pronation (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.85), and higher odds of supination (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.31). Adjustment for sex attenuated these associations. Higher leg lean mass was associated with lower odds of high arch, even after adjustment for sex (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.60, 0.89).


CONCLUSIONS
Though not related to foot pain or function, reduced leg lean mass was associated with extreme foot posture in older adults. Loss of muscle mass with aging may thus play a role in the etiology of functional impairment due to foot disorders.
Hebrew Senior Life Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA USA ; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.
Robert R
RR
McLean
Hebrew Senior Life Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA USA ; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.
Alyssa B
AB
Dufour
University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA.
Patricia P
PP
Katz
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA.
Howard J
HJ
Hillstrom
Hebrew Senior Life Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA USA.
Thomas J
TJ
Hagedorn
Hebrew Senior Life Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA USA ; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.
Marian T
MT
Hannan
Foot function; Foot pain; Foot structure; Lean mass; Population-based cohort