Gender effect on the scapular 3D posture and kinematic in healthy subjects.
Populations considered for shoulder analysis are often composed of various ratios of men and women. It is consequently hypothesized that gender has no significant effect on the joint kinematic. However, the literature reports, for the shoulder, differences in the range of motion between genders. The specific influence of gender on the scapulo-thoracic kinematics has not been studied yet. The dominant shoulder of two populations of men and women composed of 11 subjects each were evaluated in three dimensions for three distinct motions: flexion in the sagittal plane, abduction in the frontal plane and gleno-humeral internal/external rotation with the arm abducted at 90°. Posture, kinematics and range of motion were studied separately. For flexion and abduction and with regard to the scapular kinematic, external rotation was significantly larger for women than men. The differences were of at least 5° at 120° of humeral elevation. Upward rotations were identical. Women also showed larger average active humero-thoracic range of motion. The mean differences were of 13°, 7°, 12° and 5° for abduction, flexion, internal rotation and external rotation, respectively. No difference was observed between the scapular resting positions of both populations. The observed differences concerning both the scapular and humeral patterns would indicate that the shoulder behaviour of men and women should not be expected to be similar.
Laboratory of Human Motion Analysis - LAMH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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Schwartz
Laboratory of Human Motion Analysis - LAMH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.|Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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Croisier
Laboratory of Human Motion Analysis - LAMH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.|Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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Rigaux
Laboratory of Human Motion Analysis - LAMH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.|Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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Brüls
Laboratory of Human Motion Analysis - LAMH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.|Department of Architecture, Geology, Environment and Constructions, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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Denoël
Laboratory of Human Motion Analysis - LAMH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.|Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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Forthomme
D059925:Anatomic Landmarks / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D057918:Fiducial Markers; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012540:Scapula / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012737:Sex Factors; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
3D; gender; humerus; joint; motion analysis; scapula; shoulder