Prevalence of carbapenem-resistant organisms and other Gram-negative MDRO in German ICUs: first results from the national nosocomial infection surveillance system (KISS).
OBJECTIVE
Standardized prevalence and incidence data on carbapenem-resistant organisms (CRO) and, as a relevant subgroup, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are scarce. CRO-surveillance within the German nosocomial infection surveillance system (KISS) aims to provide epidemiological surveillance data on CRO colonizations and infections.


METHODS
CRO-surveillance is part of a KISS-module for the surveillance of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO). MDRO-KISS methods require surveillance of all patients admitted to the ward and standardized documentation of imported and ICU-acquired cases. Data on all MDRO-carriers including colonization and infection with MDRO are collected. All presented data were routine data collected from January 1st 2013 until December 1st 2013 in accordance with the German Protection against Infection Act (IfSG).


RESULTS
341 ICUs submitted data on MDRO during the first year. In total, 5,171 cases of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MRGN) were identified. 848 were CRO (16%). 325 CRO-cases were acquired within the ICU (38%), and 373 CRO-patients had an infection (44%). CRO-prevalence was 0.29 per 100 patients. Acquisition rate of MRGN was 1.32 per 1,000 patient days. This rate is more than doubled the acquisition rates of other MDRO under surveillance within MDRO-KISS (0.57 MRSA, 0.49 VRE). CRO-acquisition rate was 0.3 per 1,000 patient days. Incidence density of MRGN infections bacteria was 0.58 per 1,000 patient days (CRO 0.15/1,000 patient days).


CONCLUSIONS
To date, CRO are common in German ICUs and the relatively large proportions of ICU-acquired CRO and infections emphasize their potential to cause outbreaks. High MRGN infection rates and high ESBL prevalence data from clinical studies suggest a lack of MRGN identification in asymptomatic carriers.
Institut für Hygiene und Umweltmedizin, Charité Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203, Berlin, Germany, friederike.maechler@charite.de.
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Maechler
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Peña Diaz
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Schröder
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Geffers
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Behnke
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Gastmeier
D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D015780:Carbapenems / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003428:Cross Infection; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D065507:Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci; D018440:beta-Lactam Resistance
D015780:Carbapenems