Effects of wheat germ extract on the severity and systemic symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized controlled clinical trial.
BACKGROUND
Primary dysmenorrhea is one of the most common disorders in women and the main cause of absenteeism from work and school.


OBJECTIVE
Considering the anti-inflammatory properties of wheat germ, the present study examined the effects of wheat germ extract on the severity and systemic symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea.


METHODS
This triple-blinded clinical trial was performed on 80 employed women in hospitals affiliated with Hamadan University of Medical Sciences (Hamadan, IR Iran). Subjects were allocated to two groups of 45 patients. Three 400-mg capsules of wheat germ extract or placebo were used daily, between the 16th day of the menstrual cycle to the fifth day of the next menstrual cycle for two consecutive months. Pain intensity was measured by a visual analogue scale thrice a day and a four-point verbal rating scale was employed to assess systemic symptoms.


RESULTS
Pain severity decreased only in the wheat germ extract group (P < 0.001) and there was no statistically significant change in the placebo group. In the wheat germ extract group, the pain severity decreased from 4.701 at baseline to 1.120 at the second cycle. The reduction in total scores of systemic symptoms of dysmenorrhea was statistically significant only in the wheat germ extract group (P < 0.001) and there was not a statistically significant change in the placebo group. It revealed statistically significant differences in systemic symptoms associated with dysmenorrhea including fatigue, headache, and mood swings in experimental group.


CONCLUSIONS
Wheat germ extract seems to be an effective treatment for dysmenorrhea and its systemic symptoms, probably because of its anti-inflammatory effects.
Department of Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, International Branch, Tehran, IR Iran ; Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran.
Maryam
M
Atallahi
Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
Sedigheh
S
Amir Ali Akbari
Department of Pharmacognosy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
Faraz
F
Mojab
Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Paramedicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
Hamid
H
Alavi Majd
Dysmenorrhea; Herbal Medicines; Wheat Germ