Active patient participation in the development of an online intervention.
BACKGROUND
An important and challenging part of living with cancer relates to the repeated visits to the hospital. Since how patients cope between these post-diagnostic visits depends partly on the information and support received from their physician during the visits, it is important to make the most of them. Recent findings reinforce the importance of training not only the health care professionals in communication skills, but providing patients with support in communication as well. Delivering such supportive interventions online can have potential benefits in terms of accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and ability to tailor information to personal needs. However, problems with attrition (dropout, non-usage) during the test phase and poor uptake after implementation are frequently reported. The marginal level of engagement of the patient as end user seems to play a role in this. Therefore, recent research suggests integrating theory-based development methods with methods that promote involvement of the patient at an early stage. This paper describes a participatory protocol, used to let patients guide a theory-informed development process.


OBJECTIVE
The objective of this project was to apply a bottom-up inspired procedure to develop a patient-centered intervention with corresponding evaluation and implementation plan.


METHODS
The applied development protocol was based on the intervention mapping framework, combined with patient participatory methods that were inspired by the participation ladder and user-centred design methods.


RESULTS
The applied protocol led to a self-directed online communication intervention aimed at helping patients gain control during their communications with health care professionals. It also led to an evaluation plan and an implementation plan. The protocol enabled the continuous involvement of patient research partners and the partial involvement of patient service users, which led to valuable insights and improvements.


CONCLUSIONS
The applied protocol realized patient participation on different levels throughout the entire project. Early involvement, involvement on different levels, and flexibility in terms of planning and setup seem to be preconditions to creating a bottom-up inspired development procedure with (seriously ill) patients. Further research is necessary to find out if a more patient-centered approach improves the implementation and uptake of eHealth interventions.


BACKGROUND
Netherlands National Trial Register ID number: NTR3779; http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=3779 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6TdfALKxV).
NIVEL (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), Utrecht, Netherlands. i.vanbruinessen@nivel.nl.
Inge Renske
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0062-8370
IR
van Bruinessen
Evelyn M
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2700-1092
EM
van Weel-Baumgarten
Harm Wouter
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0490-9495
HW
Snippe
Hans
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2274-3190
H
Gouw
Josée M
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1074-5922
JM
Zijlstra
Sandra
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1651-7544
S
van Dulmen
communication; intervention development; malignant lymphoma; online intervention; patient participation; self-help application