Lipidomics applications for discovering biomarkers of diseases in clinical chemistry.
Lipids are the fundamental components of biological membranes as well as the metabolites of organisms. Lipids play diverse and important roles in biologicals. The lipid imbalance is closely associated with numerous human lifestyle-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. Lipidomics or lipid profiling is a system-based study of all lipids aiming at comprehensive analysis of lipids in the biological system. Lipidomics has been accepted as a lipid-related research tool in lipid biochemistry, clinical biomarker discovery, disease diagnosis, and in understanding disease pathology. Lipidomics will not only provide insights into the specific functions of lipid species in health and disease, but will also identify potential biomarkers for establishing preventive or therapeutic programs for human diseases. This review presents an overview of lipidomics followed by in-depth discussion of its application to the study of human diseases, including extraction methods of lipids, analytical technologies, data analysis, and clinical research in cancer, neuropsychiatric disease, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and respiratory disease. We describe the current status of the identification of metabolic biomarkers in different diseases. We also discuss the lipidomics for the future perspectives and their potential problems. The application of lipidomics in clinical studies may provide new insights into lipid profiling and pathophysiological mechanisms.
Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Shaanxi, China; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Ying-Yong
YY
Zhao
National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Food and Drug Administration, Beijing, China.
Xian-long
XL
Cheng
School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Rui-Chao
RC
Lin
D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis*; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests
D015415:Biomarkers; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D008055:Lipids
Clinical chemistry; Disease biomarker; Lipid profiling; Lipidomics; Mass spectrometry