The effect of the local use of chlorhexidine in surgical treatment of experimental peri-implantitis in dogs.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of surgical treatment of experimental peri-implantitis at implants with different surface characteristics using different anti-infective procedures.


METHODS
Four implants with different surface characteristics (A: TiOblast, B: OsseoSpeed, C: AT-I, D: TiUnite) were installed in a randomized order in each side of the mandible in 6 labrador dogs 3 months after tooth extraction. Experimental peri-implantitis was induced 3 months later. Surgical treatment of peri-implantitis was performed. The implants were cleaned with gauze soaked in either saline (control) or chlorhexidine (test). Clinical and radiographical examinations were performed and microbiological samples were taken during a 6-month period after surgery. Biopsies were obtained and prepared for histological analysis.


RESULTS
Clinical signs of soft tissue inflammation were reduced after surgical therapy in most test and control sites. While the analysis of bone level alterations in radiographs together with histological and microbiological assessments of resolution of peri-implantitis lesions failed to demonstrate statistically significant differences between test and control procedures, the evaluations disclosed significant differences between implant D and implants A, B and C on treatment outcome.


CONCLUSIONS
It is suggested that (i) the local use of chlorhexidine has minor influence on treatment outcome, (ii) resolution of peri-implantitis following surgical treatment without the adjunctive use of local and systemic antimicrobial agents is possible and (iii) the results are influenced by implant surface characteristics.
Department of Periodontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Olivier
O
Carcuac
Ingemar
I
Abrahamsson
Georgios
G
Charalampakis
Tord
T
Berglundh
D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D003646:Debridement / Q000379:methods; D019551:Dental Disinfectants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000382:microbiology; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D004285:Dogs; D004848:Epithelium / Q000473:pathology; D004866:Equipment Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013499:Surface Properties; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000601:surgery; D013997:Time Factors; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D019551:Dental Disinfectants; D015921:Dental Implants; D002710:Chlorhexidine
animal experiment; antiseptics; biopsy; bone; dental implant; histology; implant surface; inflammation; lesion; peri-implant disease; radiology