Synthesis and characterization of 12-pyridinium derivatives of the [closo-1-CB11H12]- anion.
Diazotization of [closo-1-CB11H10-1-R-12-NH2](-)[NMe4](+) (4[NMe4]) in neat 4-methoxypyridine leads to 12-(4-methoxypyridinium) zwitterions [closo-1-CB11H10-1-R-12-(4-MeOC5H4N)] (2) in ∼50% yield. Demethylation of 2 with LiCl in dimethylformamide provides access to 12-pyridones 5[NMe4], which can be O-alkylated with alkyl triflates giving 12-(4-alkoxypyridinium) zwitterions, such as 1. This three-step process is more efficient than direct diazotization of amine 4[NMe4] in neat higher 4-alkoxypyridine. The new method was demonstrated for the synthesis of [closo-1-CB11H10-1-C5H11-12-(4-C7H15OC5H4N)] (1c), which exhibits a smectic A phase. Molecular and electronic structures of 4-methoxypyridinium zwitterion 2b and its C(1) isomer [closo-1-CB11H11-1-(4-MeOC5H4N)] (3b) were investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic methods, respectively, and the experimental results were compared to those obtained with density functional theory methods. Lastly, the mechanism for formation of zwitterions 2 was investigated computationally revealing low energy for dediazoniation of the [closo-1-CB11H10-1-R-12-N2] (14) intermediate (ΔG298 ≈ 25 kcal/mol) to form boronium ylide 15, with weak dependence on substituent R. Dinitrogen derivative 14c was observed by (11)B NMR spectroscopy.
Organic Materials Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States.
Jacek
J
Pecyna
Bryan
B
Ringstrand
Sławomir
S
Domagała
Piotr
P
Kaszyński
Krzysztof
K
Woźniak