Cytotoxic effects of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate on human keratinocytes are not associated with proinflammatory cytokines expression.
BACKGROUND
Keratinocytes play a crucial role in the biological function of skin barrier. The relationship between sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and keratinocytes has been studied. However, the cytotoxicity and effects of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), a common detergent similar to SLS, on keratinocytes are still not known. This study aimed to investigate the effects of SDBS on cytotoxicity and expression of proinflammatory cytokines in cultured human keratinocytes.


METHODS
This study was carried out using the keratinocytes cell line, HaCaT cells. The cytotoxicity of SDBS on HaCaT cells was evaluated with cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and phase-contrast microscopy. After exposure to different concentrations of SDBS, the total RNA of the HaCaT cells was extracted for evaluating the relative mRNA expression of IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α by qPCR. The supernatants of cells were collected for measuring the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).


RESULTS
SDBS at concentrations of 20 µg/ml and over showed direct cytotoxicity and induced morphological changes of the HaCaT cells. The mRNA expressions of IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-a in different concentrations of SDBS at different time were comparable with that of controls. SDBS at concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 µg/ml had no significant effects on IL-6 and IL-8 excretion from HaCaT cells after 24-hour exposure. Moreover, no significant effects on the IL-6 and IL-8 excretion were found after 10 and 15 µg/ml SDBS stimulations for 6, 12, and 24 hours, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
SDBS at higher concentrations had cytotoxicity on HaCaT cells but had no effects on the mRNA expression of IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-a, that was different from SLS.
Department of Dermatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
Zhanglei
Z
Mu
Department of Dermatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
Xiaojing
X
Liu
Department of Dermatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
Yan
Y
Zhao
Department of Dermatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China. Email: rmzjz@126.com.
Jianzhong
J
Zhang
D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
D001557:Benzenesulfonates; C508584:IL1A protein, human; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C001114:dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid