An optimized table-top small-angle X-ray scattering set-up for the nanoscale structural analysis of soft matter.
The paper shows how a table top superbright microfocus laboratory X-ray source and an innovative restoring-data algorithm, used in combination, allow to analyze the super molecular structure of soft matter by means of Small Angle X-ray Scattering ex-situ experiments. The proposed theoretical approach is aimed to restore diffraction features from SAXS profiles collected from low scattering biomaterials or soft tissues, and therefore to deal with extremely noisy diffraction SAXS profiles/maps. As biological test cases we inspected: i) residues of exosomes' drops from healthy epithelial colon cell line and colorectal cancer cells; ii) collagen/human elastin artificial scaffolds developed for vascular tissue engineering applications; iii) apoferritin protein in solution. Our results show how this combination can provide morphological/structural nanoscale information to characterize new artificial biomaterials and/or to get insight into the transition between healthy and pathological tissues during the progression of a disease, or to morphologically characterize nanoscale proteins, based on SAXS data collected in a room-sized laboratory.
Istituto di Cristallografia (IC-CNR), via Amendola 122/O, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
T
T
Sibillano
Istituto di Cristallografia (IC-CNR), via Amendola 122/O, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
L
L
De Caro
Istituto di Cristallografia (IC-CNR), via Amendola 122/O, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
D
D
Altamura
Istituto di Cristallografia (IC-CNR), via Amendola 122/O, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
D
D
Siliqi
Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", 28100 Novara, Italy.
M
M
Ramella
Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", 28100 Novara, Italy.
F
F
Boccafoschi
Istituto di Fisica, Universitá Cattolica S. Cuore, L.go Francesco Vito 1 I-00168, Roma, Italy.
G
G
Ciasca
Istituto di Cristallografia (IC-CNR), Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Roma, Italy.
G
G
Campi
1] King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, PSE and BESE Divisions, Thuwal. 23955 -6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia [2] BIONEMlab University Magna Graecia, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
L
L
Tirinato
1] King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, PSE and BESE Divisions, Thuwal. 23955 -6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia [2] BIONEMlab University Magna Graecia, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
E
E
Di Fabrizio
Istituto di Cristallografia (IC-CNR), via Amendola 122/O, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
C
C
Giannini
D000465:Algorithms; D001052:Apoferritins / Q000737:chemistry; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry; D055354:Exosomes / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D053838:Scattering, Small Angle; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
D003094:Collagen; D001052:Apoferritins