Identification of functionally important residues of the rat P2X4 receptor by alanine scanning mutagenesis of the dorsal fin and left flipper domains.
Crystallization of the zebrafish P2X4 receptor in both open and closed states revealed conformational differences in the ectodomain structures, including the dorsal fin and left flipper domains. Here, we focused on the role of these domains in receptor activation, responsiveness to orthosteric ATP analogue agonists, and desensitization. Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the R203-L214 (dorsal fin) and the D280-N293 (left flipper) sequences of the rat P2X4 receptor showed that ATP potency/efficacy was reduced in 15 out of 26 alanine mutants. The R203A, N204A, and N293A mutants were essentially non-functional, but receptor function was restored by ivermectin, an allosteric modulator. The I205A, T210A, L214A, P290A, G291A, and Y292A mutants exhibited significant changes in the responsiveness to orthosteric analog agonists 2-(methylthio)adenosine 5'-triphosphate, adenosine 5'-(γ-thio)triphosphate, 2'(3'-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate, and α,β-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate. In contrast, the responsiveness of L206A, N208A, D280A, T281A, R282A, and H286A mutants to analog agonists was comparable to that of the wild type receptor. Among these mutants, D280A, T281A, R282A, H286A, G291A, and Y292A also exhibited increased time-constant of the desensitizing current response. These experiments, together with homology modeling, indicate that residues located in the upper part of the dorsal fin and left flipper domains, relative to distance from the channel pore, contribute to the organization of the ATP binding pocket and to the initiation of signal transmission towards residues in the lower part of both domains. The R203 and N204 residues, deeply buried in the protein, may integrate the output signal from these two domains towards the gate. In addition, the left flipper residues predominantly account for the control of transition of channels from an open to a desensitized state.
Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology of Animals, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
Vendula
V
Tvrdonova
Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic; Section on Cellular Signaling, Program in Developmental Neuroscience, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
Milos B
MB
Rokic
Section on Cellular Signaling, Program in Developmental Neuroscience, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
Stanko S
SS
Stojilkovic
Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
Hana
H
Zemkova
D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000409:Alanine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000187:drug effects; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000494:pharmacology; D056004:Molecular Dynamics Simulation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016296:Mutagenesis; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D058911:Purinergic P2X Receptor Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D058848:Receptors, Purinergic P2X4 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016415:Sequence Alignment
D058911:Purinergic P2X Receptor Agonists; D058848:Receptors, Purinergic P2X4; D007559:Ivermectin; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000409:Alanine