Chemopreventive efficacy of Andrographis paniculata on azoxymethane-induced aberrant colon crypt foci in vivo.
Andrographis paniculata is a grass-shaped medicinal herb, traditionally used in Southeast Asia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemoprotective effects of A. paniculata on colorectal cancer. A. paniculata ethanol extract was tested on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in vivo and in vitro. A. paniculata treated groups showed a significant reduction in the number of ACF of the treated rats. Microscopically, ACF showed remarkably elongated and stratified cells, and depletion of the submucosal glands of AOM group compared to the treated groups. Histologically, staining showed slightly elevated masses above the surrounding mucosa with oval or slit-like orifices. Immunohistochemically, expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and β-catenin protein were down-regulated in the A. paniculata treated groups compared to the AOM group. When colon tissue was homogenized, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were significantly decreased, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was increased in the treated groups compared to the AOM group. A. paniculata ethanol extract showed antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity, as elucidated by the measure of oxidative stress markers. Further, the active fractions were assessed against cell lines of CCD841 and HT29 colon cancer cells.
Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Nawal
N
Al-Henhena
Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Rozaida Poh Yuen
RP
Ying
Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Salmah
S
Ismail
Walaa
W
Najm
Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Wala
W
Najm
Department of Experimental Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
Shaden A M
SA
Khalifa
Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-75 123, Uppsala, Sweden.
Hesham
H
El-Seedi
Mahmood
M
Ameen Abdulla
Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Mahmood Ameen
MA
Abdulla
D058739:Aberrant Crypt Foci / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D035685:Andrographis / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001397:Azoxymethane / Q000009:adverse effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019800:Phenol / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000378:metabolism
D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D051176:beta Catenin; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019800:Phenol; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D001397:Azoxymethane