Non-scanning fiber-optic near-infrared beam led to two-photon optogenetic stimulation in-vivo.
Stimulation of specific neurons expressing opsins in a targeted region to manipulate brain function has proved to be a powerful tool in neuroscience. However, the use of visible light for optogenetic stimulation is invasive due to low penetration depth and tissue damage owing to larger absorption and scattering. Here, we report, for the first time, in-depth non-scanning fiber-optic two-photon optogenetic stimulation (FO-TPOS) of neurons in-vivo in transgenic mouse models. In order to optimize the deep-brain stimulation strategy, we characterized two-photon activation efficacy at different near-infrared laser parameters. The significantly-enhanced in-depth stimulation efficiency of FO-TPOS as compared to conventional single-photon beam was demonstrated both by experiments and Monte Carlo simulation. The non-scanning FO-TPOS technology will lead to better understanding of the in-vivo neural circuitry because this technology permits more precise and less invasive anatomical delivery of stimulation.
Biophysics and Physiology Lab, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America.
Kamal R
KR
Dhakal
Biophysics and Physiology Lab, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America.
Ling
L
Gu
Biophysics and Physiology Lab, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America.
Shivaranjani
S
Shivalingaiah
Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America.
Torry S
TS
Dennis
Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America.
Samara A
SA
Morris-Bobzean
Key lab for Neuroinformatics of Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Ting
T
Li
Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America.
Linda I
LI
Perrotti
Biophysics and Physiology Lab, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America.
Samarendra K
SK
Mohanty
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology / Q000379:methods*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D009474:Neurons / Q000528:radiation effects*; D062308:Optogenetics / Q000379:methods*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D017785:Photons