Comparison of different methods of erythrocyte dysmorphism analysis to determine the origin of hematuria.
OBJECTIVE
There is disagreement regarding the performance of conventional optical microscopy to assess the origin of hematuria. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal cutoff point for dysmorphic cells in order to detect glomerular hematuria by optical and phase-contrast microscopy.


METHODS
In total, 131 urine samples (66 from patients with glomerulopathies and 65 from nephrolithiasis patients) were evaluated in a blinded fashion. The percentages of doughnut cells and acanthocytes were verified by optical and phase-contrast microscopy. A total of 131 patients were randomly allocated to the derivation (n = 73) and validation (n = 58) groups. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to check the discriminatory power of each group and the best cutoff points were determined by the Youden index in the derivation group and subsequently tested in the validation group.


RESULTS
All areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) were statistically significant using both methods (conventional optical and phase-contrast microscopy) and both groups (derivation and validation). AUCs did not differ between different glomerulopathies. The best cutoff point to determine the glomerular origin of hematuria by total dysmorphic cells was 22% using an optical conventional microscope and 40% by phase-contrast microscopy.


CONCLUSIONS
We determined the best cutoff points to interpret erythrocyte dysmorphism and demonstrated that it is possible to discriminate the origin of hematuria by evaluating erythrocyte dysmorphism in urinalysis using either an optical or a phase-contrast microscope.
Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil.
Marila Gaste
MG
Martinez
Vanessa
V
dos S Silva
Adriana P
AP
do Valle
Carmen R P R
CR
Amaro
José E
JE
Corrente
Luis Cuadrado
LC
Martin
D000328:Adult; D004913:Erythrocytes, Abnormal; D005260:Female; D006417:Hematuria / Q000209:etiology* / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008858:Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; D008875:Middle Aged; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods