Genome engineering in human cells.
Genome editing in human cells is of great value in research, medicine, and biotechnology. Programmable nucleases including zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and RNA-guided engineered nucleases recognize a specific target sequence and make a double-strand break at that site, which can result in gene disruption, gene insertion, gene correction, or chromosomal rearrangements. The target sequence complexities of these programmable nucleases are higher than 3.2 mega base pairs, the size of the haploid human genome. Here, we briefly introduce the structure of the human genome and the characteristics of each programmable nuclease, and review their applications in human cells including pluripotent stem cells. In addition, we discuss various delivery methods for nucleases, programmable nickases, and enrichment of gene-edited human cells, all of which facilitate efficient and precise genome editing in human cells.
Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
Minjung
M
Song
Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
Young-Hoon
YH
Kim
Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: jskim01@snu.ac.kr.
Jin-Soo
JS
Kim
Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: hkim1@hanyang.ac.kr.
Hyongbum
H
Kim
D003851:Deoxyribonucleases / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004720:Endonucleases / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005818:Genetic Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D016335:Zinc Fingers
D003851:Deoxyribonucleases; D004720:Endonucleases
Disease modeling; Genome editing; Nickases; Pluripotent stem cells; Programmable nuclease; RNA-guided engineered nucleases; Surrogate reporters; Transcription activator-like effector nucleases; Zinc finger nucleases