Radioimmunotherapy: a specific treatment protocol for cancer by cytotoxic radioisotopes conjugated to antibodies.
Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) represents a selective internal radiation therapy, that is, the use of radionuclides conjugated to tumor-directed monoclonal antibodies (including those fragments) or peptides. In a clinical field, two successful examples of this treatment protocol are currently extended by (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin) and (131)I-tositumomab (Bexxar), both of which are anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies coupled to cytotoxic radioisotopes and are approved for the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients. In addition, some beneficial observations are obtained in preclinical studies targeting solid tumors. To date, in order to reduce the unnecessary exposure and to enhance the therapeutic efficacy, various biological, chemical, and treatment procedural improvements have been investigated in RIT. This review outlines the fundamentals of RIT and current knowledge of the preclinical/clinical trials for cancer treatment.
Department of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu-cho, Ishikari-gun, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan.
Hidekazu
H
Kawashima
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D018796:Immunoconjugates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D016499:Radioimmunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D015021:Yttrium Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D015021:Yttrium Radioisotopes; C422802:ibritumomab tiuxetan; C119496:tositumomab I-131