Hair as a biomarker of systemic exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers.
The efficacy of using hair as a biomarker for exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants was assessed in humans and an animal model. Paired human hair and serum samples were obtained from adult men and women (n = 50). In parallel, hair, serum, liver, and fat were collected from adult male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to increasing doses of the PBDE mixture found in house dust for 70 days via the diet. All samples were analyzed by GC-MS for eight common PBDEs: BDE-28, -47, -99, -100, -153, -154, -183, and -209. Paired human hair and serum samples had five congeners (BDE-28, -47, -99, -100, and -154) with significant individual correlations (0.345-0.566). In rat samples, BDE-28 and BDE-183 were frequently below the level of detection. Significant correlations were observed for BDE-47, -99, -100, -153, -154, and -209 in rat hair, serum, liver, and fat across doses, with r values ranging from 0.803 to 0.988; weaker correlations were observed between hair and other tissues when data from the lowest dose group or for BDE-209 were analyzed. Thus, human and rat hair PBDE measurements correlate strongly with those in alternative matrices, validating the use of hair as a noninvasive biomarker of long-term PBDE exposure.
Hospital for Sick Children , 555 University Avenue , Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada.
Shirley
S
Poon
Michael G
MG
Wade
Katarina
K
Aleksa
Dorothea F K
DF
Rawn
Amanda
A
Carnevale
Dean W
DW
Gaertner
Amy
A
Sadler
François
F
Breton
Gideon
G
Koren
Sheila R
SR
Ernest
Claudia
C
Lalancette
Bernard
B
Robaire
Barbara F
BF
Hales
Cynthia G
CG
Goodyer
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D004032:Diet; D004391:Dust; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D055815:Young Adult
D015415:Biomarkers; D004391:Dust; D005411:Flame Retardants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; C511295:2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether; C483839:2,2',3,4,4',5',6-heptabromodiphenyl ether; C533760:tribromodiphenyl ether 28; C010902:decabromobiphenyl ether