Generalized ratiometric indicator based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for the detection of Cd(2+) in environmental water samples.
The concept of generalized ratiometric indicator based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy was first introduced and successfully implemented in the detection of Cd(2+) in environmental water samples using Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified by trithiocyanuric acid (TMT). Without the use of any internal standard, the proposed method achieved accurate concentration predictions for Cd(2+) in environmental water samples with recoveries in the ranges of 91.8-108.1%, comparable to the corresponding values obtained by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were estimated to be 2.9 and 8.7 nM, respectively. More importantly, other species present in water samples which cannot react with TMT and have weaker binding ability to AuNPs than TMT do not interfere with the quantification of Cd(2+). Therefore, it is expected that the combination of the generalized ratiometric indicator based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy with the proposed AuNP-TMT probing system can be a competitive alternative for the primary screening of Cd(2+) pollution.
State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China.
Yao
Y
Chen
Zeng-Ping
ZP
Chen
Si-Yu
SY
Long
Ru-Qin
RQ
Yu
D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D057230:Limit of Detection; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002104:Cadmium; D006046:Gold