Tourette and tic disorders in ICD-11: standing at the diagnostic crossroads.
This article reflects discussion by the WHO ICD-11 Working Group on the Classification of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders. After reviewing the historical classification of tic disorders, this article discusses their placement in ICD-11. Existing problems with diagnostic labels and criteria, appropriate placement of the tic disorders category within the ICD-11 system, and pragmatic factors affecting classification are reviewed. The article ends with recommendations to (a) maintain consistency with the DSM-5 diagnostic labels for tic disorders, (b) add a minimum duration guideline for a provisional tic disorder diagnosis, (c) remove the multiple motor tic guideline for the diagnosis of Tourette disorder, and (d) co-parent the tic disorder diagnoses in the disorders of the nervous system and the mental and behavioral disorders categories, with secondary co-parenting in the obsessive-compulsive and related disorders and neurodevelopmental disorders sections.
Psychology Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
Douglas W
DW
Woods
Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Aarhus, Denmark.
Per H
PH
Thomsen
D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D006801:Humans; D038801:International Classification of Diseases; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis; D013981:Tic Disorders / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis