RNA processing factors Swd2.2 and Sen1 antagonize RNA Pol III-dependent transcription and the localization of condensin at Pol III genes.
Condensin-mediated chromosome condensation is essential for genome stability upon cell division. Genetic studies have indicated that the association of condensin with chromatin is intimately linked to gene transcription, but what transcription-associated feature(s) direct(s) the accumulation of condensin remains unclear. Here we show in fission yeast that condensin becomes strikingly enriched at RNA Pol III-transcribed genes when Swd2.2 and Sen1, two factors involved in the transcription process, are simultaneously deleted. Sen1 is an ATP-dependent helicase whose orthologue in Saccharomyces cerevisiae contributes both to terminate transcription of some RNA Pol II transcripts and to antagonize the formation of DNA:RNA hybrids in the genome. Using two independent mapping techniques, we show that DNA:RNA hybrids form in abundance at Pol III-transcribed genes in fission yeast but we demonstrate that they are unlikely to faciliate the recruitment of condensin. Instead, we show that Sen1 forms a stable and abundant complex with RNA Pol III and that Swd2.2 and Sen1 antagonize both the interaction of RNA Pol III with chromatin and RNA Pol III-dependent transcription. When Swd2.2 and Sen1 are lacking, the increased concentration of RNA Pol III and condensin at Pol III-transcribed genes is accompanied by the accumulation of topoisomerase I and II and by local nucleosome depletion, suggesting that Pol III-transcribed genes suffer topological stress. We provide evidence that this topological stress contributes to recruit and/or stabilize condensin at Pol III-transcribed genes in the absence of Swd2.2 and Sen1. Our data challenge the idea that a processive RNA polymerase hinders the binding of condensin and suggest that transcription-associated topological stress could in some circumstances facilitate the association of condensin.
CNRS, Université Lyon 01, UMR5239, LBMC; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.
Pénélope
P
Legros
CNRS, Université Lyon 01, UMR5239, LBMC; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.
Amélie
A
Malapert
CNRS, Université Lyon 01, UMR5239, LBMC; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.
Sho
S
Niinuma
CNRS, Université Lyon 01, UMR5239, LBMC; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.
Pascal
P
Bernard
CNRS, Université Lyon 01, UMR5239, LBMC; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.
Vincent
V
Vanoosthuyse
D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000235:genetics*; D000705:Anaphase / Q000235:genetics; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000235:genetics; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D004265:DNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D042822:Genomic Instability / Q000235:genetics; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000235:genetics*; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000235:genetics; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics; D020365:RNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics*; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000235:genetics; D012320:RNA Polymerase III / Q000235:genetics*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D002843:Chromatin; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D009707:Nucleosomes; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; C108312:condensin complexes; D012313:RNA; D004247:DNA; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; C484873:SWD2 protein, S cerevisiae; D012319:RNA Polymerase II; D012320:RNA Polymerase III; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; C542347:SEN1 protein, S cerevisiae; D004265:DNA Helicases; D020365:RNA Helicases