Acoustic and foraging behavior of a Baird's beaked whale, Berardius bairdii, exposed to simulated sonar.
Beaked whales are hypothesized to be particularly sensitive to anthropogenic noise, based on previous strandings and limited experimental and observational data. However, few species have been studied in detail. We describe the underwater behavior of a Baird's beaked whale (Berardius bairdii) from the first deployment of a multi-sensor acoustic tag on this species. The animal exhibited shallow (23 ± 15 m max depth), intermediate (324 ± 49 m), and deep (1138 ± 243 m) dives. Echolocation clicks were produced with a mean inter-click interval of approximately 300 ms and peak frequency of 25 kHz. Two deep dives included presumed foraging behavior, with echolocation pulsed sounds (presumed prey capture attempts) associated with increased maneuvering, and sustained inverted swimming during the bottom phase of the dive. A controlled exposure to simulated mid-frequency active sonar (3.5-4 kHz) was conducted 4 hours after tag deployment, and within 3 minutes of exposure onset, the tagged whale increased swim speed and body movement, and continued to show unusual dive behavior for each of its next three dives, one of each type. These are the first data on the acoustic foraging behavior in this largest beaked whale species, and the first experimental demonstration of a response to simulated sonar.
1] Department of Oceanography, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA [2] Vertebrate Ecology Lab, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, CA.
A K
AK
Stimpert
Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modeling, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK.
S L
SL
DeRuiter
Southall Environmental Associates, Inc., Aptos, CA.
B L
BL
Southall
Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, RI.
D J
DJ
Moretti
Cascadia Research Collective, Olympia, WA.
E A
EA
Falcone
Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA.
J A
JA
Goldbogen
Sea and Marine Mammal Institute, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR.
A
A
Friedlaender
Cascadia Research Collective, Olympia, WA.
G S
GS
Schorr
Cascadia Research Collective, Olympia, WA.
J
J
Calambokidis
D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D025041:Animal Migration / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D000818:Animals; D004242:Diving / Q000502:physiology*; D004455:Echolocation / Q000502:physiology*; D010140:Pacific Ocean; D013016:Sound; D014907:Whales / Q000502:physiology*