Substance use and experienced stigmatization among ethnic minority men who have sex with men in the United States.
Research has documented deleterious effects of racism among ethnic minorities and of homophobia among men who have sex with men (MSM). Less is known about the impact of multiple forms of stigmatization on ethnic minority MSM. This study examined substance use by African American, Asian/Pacific Islander and Latino MSM, and the associations of experienced racism and homophobia from various sources with polydrug use and stimulant drug use. Experienced racism within the general community was associated with higher levels of use; other forms of discrimination were either not associated with polydrug or stimulant use or had more complex relationships with use. Implications for further research and interventions are discussed.
a Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California , San Francisco , California.
Jay P
JP
Paul
Ross
R
Boylan
Steve
S
Gregorich
George
G
Ayala
Kyung-Hee
KH
Choi
D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001213:Asian / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003625:Data Collection; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D063509:Homophobia / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D044468:Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D063505:Racism / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013240:Stereotyping; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
drug use; homophobia; men who have sex with men; race; racism