Acute neuropharmacological effects of atomoxetine on inhibitory control in ADHD children: a fNIRS study.
The object of the current study is to explore the neural substrate for effects of atomoxetine (ATX) on inhibitory control in school-aged children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). We monitored the oxy-hemoglobin signal changes of sixteen ADHD children (6-14 years old) performing a go/no-go task before and 1.5 h after ATX or placebo administration, in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Sixteen age- and gender-matched normal controls without ATX administration were also monitored. In the control subjects, the go/no-go task recruited the right inferior and middle prefrontal gyri (IFG/MFG), and this activation was absent in pre-medicated ADHD children. The reduction of right IFG/MFG activation was acutely normalized after ATX administration but not placebo administration in ADHD children. These results are reminiscent of the neuropharmacological effects of methylphenidate to up-regulate reduced right IFG/MFG function in ADHD children during inhibitory tasks. As with methylphenidate, activation in the IFG/MFG could serve as an objective neuro-functional biomarker to indicate the effects of ATX on inhibitory control in ADHD children. This promising technique will enhance early clinical diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in children, especially in those with a hyperactivity/impulsivity phenotype.
Department of Pediatrics, Shimotsuke, Japan.
Masako
M
Nagashima
Department of Pediatrics, Shimotsuke, Japan.
Yukifumi
Y
Monden
Department of Neurosurgery, Shimotsuke, Japan ; Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan.
Ippeita
I
Dan
Department of Neurosurgery, Shimotsuke, Japan.
Haruka
H
Dan
Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan.
Daisuke
D
Tsuzuki
Department of Pediatrics, Shimotsuke, Japan ; Functional Brain Science Laboratory, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
Tsutomu
T
Mizutani
Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan.
Yasushi
Y
Kyutoku
Department of Pediatrics, Shimotsuke, Japan ; Department of Pediatrics, International University of Health and Welfare, 537-3 Iguchi, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan.
Yuji
Y
Gunji
International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Otawara, Tochigi, Japan.
Daisuke
D
Hirano
International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Otawara, Tochigi, Japan.
Takamichi
T
Taniguchi
Rehabilitation Center, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Otawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan.
Hideo
H
Shimoizumi
Department of Pediatrics, Shimotsuke, Japan ; International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Otawara, Tochigi, Japan.
Mariko Y
MY
Momoi
Department of Neurosurgery, Shimotsuke, Japan.
Eiju
E
Watanabe
Department of Pediatrics, Shimotsuke, Japan.
Takanori
T
Yamagata
D000293:Adolescent; D000069445:Atomoxetine Hydrochloride; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D056344:Executive Function / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011437:Propylamines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
D011437:Propylamines; D000069445:Atomoxetine Hydrochloride
Cortical hemodynamics; Developmental disorder; Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; Optical topography; Stop signal task