Ebola virus disease: preparedness in Japan.
The current outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) is due to a lack of resources, untrained medical personnel, and the specific contact-mediated type of infection of this virus. In Japan's history, education and mass vaccination of the native Ainu people successfully eradicated epidemics of smallpox. Even though a zoonotic virus is hard to control, appropriate precautions and personal protection, as well as anti-symptomatic treatment, will control the outbreak of EVD. Ebola virus utilizes the antibody-dependent enhancement of infection to seed the cells of various organs. The pathogenesis of EVD is due to the cytokine storm of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the lack of antiviral interferon-α2. Matricellular proteins of galectin-9 and osteopontin might also be involved in the edema and abnormality of the coagulation system in EVD. Anti-fibrinolytic treatment will be effective. In the era of globalization, interviews of travelers with fever within 3 weeks of departure from the affected areas will be necessary. Not only the hospitals designated for specific biohazards but every hospital should be aware of the biology of biohazards and establish measures to protect both patients and the community.
1Division of Disaster-Related Infectious Disease,International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS),Tohoku University,Sendai,Japan.
Yugo
Y
Ashino
1Division of Disaster-Related Infectious Disease,International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS),Tohoku University,Sendai,Japan.
Haorile
H
Chagan-Yasutan
2Division of International Cooperation for Disaster Medicine,IRIDeS,Tohoku University,Sendai,Japan.
Shinichi
S
Egawa
1Division of Disaster-Related Infectious Disease,International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS),Tohoku University,Sendai,Japan.
Toshio
T
Hattori
D003140:Communicable Disease Control; D004189:Disaster Planning / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D019142:Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D017758:Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional / Q000517:prevention & control; D007564:Japan; D011634:Public Health
infection control