Comprehensive spectral endoscopy of topically applied SERS nanoparticles in the rat esophagus.
The early detection and biological investigation of esophageal cancer would benefit from the development of advanced imaging techniques to screen for the molecular changes that precede and accompany the onset of cancer. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoparticles (NPs) have the potential to improve cancer detection and the investigation of cancer progression through the sensitive and multiplexed phenotyping of cell-surface biomarkers. Here, a miniature endoscope featuring rotational scanning and axial pull back has been developed for 2D spectral imaging of SERS NPs topically applied on the lumenal surface of the rat esophagus. Raman signals from low-pM concentrations of SERS NP mixtures are demultiplexed in real time to accurately calculate the concentration and ratio of the NPs. Ex vivo and in vivo experiments demonstrate the feasibility of topical application and imaging of multiplexed SERS NPs along the entire length of the rat esophagus.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University (SUNY), Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA ; Current institution: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA ; These authors contributed equally to this work.
Yu W
YW
Wang
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University (SUNY), Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA ; These authors contributed equally to this work.
Altaz
A
Khan
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University (SUNY), Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
Steven Y
SY
Leigh
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University (SUNY), Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
Danni
D
Wang
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University (SUNY), Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA ; Current institution: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
Ye
Y
Chen
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University (SUNY), Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
Daphne
D
Meza
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University (SUNY), Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA ; Current institution: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
Jonathan T C
JT
Liu
(110.2350) Fiber optics imaging; (160.4236) Nanomaterials; (170.0170) Medical optics and biotechnology; (170.2150) Endoscopic imaging; (170.2680) Gastrointestinal; (170.5660) Raman spectroscopy