Advancing the preparticipation physical evaluation (PPE): an ACSM and FIMS joint consensus statement.
While the preparticipation physical evaluation (PPE) is widely accepted, its usage and content are not standardized. Implementation is affected by cost, access, level of participation, participant age/sex, and local/regional/national mandate. PPE screening costs are generally borne by the athlete, family, or club. Screening involves generally agreed-upon questions based on expert opinion and tested over decades of use. No large-scale prospective controlled tracking programs have examined PPE outcomes. While the panel did not reach consensus on electrocardiogram screening as a routine part of PPE, all agreed that a history and physical exam focusing on cardiac risk is essential, and an ECG should be used where risk is increased. The many areas of consensus should help the American College of Sports Medicine and the Fédération Internationale du Médicine du Sport in developing a universally accepted PPE. An electronic PPE, using human-centered design, would be comprehensive, would provide a database given that PPE is mandatory in many locations, would simplify PPE administration, would allow remote access to clinical data, and would provide the much-needed data for prospective studies in this area.
1Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Phalen Village Family Medicine Clinic, 1414 Maryland Ave. East, St. Paul, MN; 2Hon.Pres.German Fed.Sports Medicine, Bermesgasse 32b, D-42897 Remscheid; 3Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, 341 Galvez Street, Stanford, CA; 4Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Department of Economics, 425 University Blvd., Indianapolis, IN; 5Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4; 6Distinguished Professorship in Exercise Sciences in the Department of Internal Medicine at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 7232 Greenville Ave., Suite 435, Dallas, TX; 7University of Illinois at Chicago, Professor of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, 835 South Wolcott, 270 Medical Sciences South, Chicago, Illinois; 8Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, The Goldberg Center for Community Pediatric Health, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave., NW, Washington, DC; 9Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Orthopedic Surgery, Director of Primary Care Sports Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave. MC 6082, Chicago, IL; 10Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, Largo Gabrielli 1, 00197 Rome (Italy); 11Treasurer of FIMS, Vice President of EFSMA, Kiewitstraat 141, 3500 HASSELT; 12Director of the Austrian Insitute for Sport Medicine, Department of Sports and Physiological Performance, Centre for Sports Science and University Sports, of the University of Vienna, Auf der Schmelz 6, A-1150 Vienna, Austria; and 13President of FIMS, Professor of Internal Medicine and Rector, University of Rome 'Foro Italico,' Piazza Lauro de Bosis, 15, 00135 Roma.
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Roberts
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Löllgen
Gordon O
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Anne Beeson
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Mark R
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Hutchinson
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D004562:Electrocardiography; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008487:Medical History Taking; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000191:economics; D012307:Risk Factors; D013177:Sports