Effects of sex and gender on adaptations to space: reproductive health.
In this report, sex/gender research relevant to reproduction on Earth, in conjunction with the extant human and animal observations in space, was used to identify knowledge gaps and prioritize recommendations for future sex- and gender-specific surveillance and monitoring of male and female astronauts. With overall increased durations of contemporary space missions, a deeper understanding of sex/gender effects on reproduction-related responses and adaptations to the space environment is warranted to minimize risks and insure healthy aging of the men and women who travel into space.
1 Space Biosciences Research Branch, NASA Ames Research Center , Mountainview, California.
April E
AE
Ronca
Ellen S
ES
Baker
Tamara G
TG
Bavendam
Kevin D
KD
Beck
Virginia M
VM
Miller
Joseph S
JS
Tash
Marjorie
M
Jenkins
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D018480:Astronauts / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D060728:Reproductive Health; D012737:Sex Factors; D013026:Space Flight; D014893:Weightlessness / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016387:Women's Health