A review: Radiographic iodinated contrast media-induced thyroid dysfunction.
BACKGROUND
Thyroid hormone production is dependent on adequate iodine intake. Excess iodine is generally well-tolerated, but thyroid dysfunction can occur in susceptible individuals after excess iodine exposure. Radiological iodinated contrast media represent an increasingly common source of excess iodine.


OBJECTIVE
This review will discuss the thyroidal response after acute exposure to excess iodine; contrast iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction; risks of iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction in vulnerable populations, such as the fetus, neonate, and patients with impaired renal function; and recommendations for the assessment and treatment of contrast iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction.


METHODS
Data for this review were identified by searching PubMed, Google Scholar, and references from relevant articles from 1948 to 2014.


CONCLUSIONS
With the increase in the use of computed tomography scans in the United States, there is increasing risk of contrast-induced thyroid dysfunction. Patients at risk of developing iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction should be closely monitored after receiving iodinated contrast media and should be treated as needed.
Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition (S.Y.L., L.E.B., E.N.P.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (C.M.R.), Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, California 92868; and Division of Endocrinology (A.M.L., G.A.B.), Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095.
Sun Y
SY
Lee
Connie M
CM
Rhee
Angela M
AM
Leung
Lewis E
LE
Braverman
Gregory A
GA
Brent
Elizabeth N
EN
Pearce
D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D013960:Thyroid Function Tests
D003287:Contrast Media