Epidemiological aspects of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) in Ceará in the period 2007 to 2011.
BACKGROUND
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL; kala-azar) is a serious zoonosis that can be lethal, especially in untreated patients. Due to the fact that the State of Ceará is still an important area of transmission of VL, and based on the constant reports of the urbanization process of the disease in the country, it was necessary to monitor the occurrence of cases of leishmaniasis through epidemiological surveillance.


OBJECTIVE
To describe the epidemiology of leishmaniasis cases in Ceará, Brazil.


METHODS
We conducted an epidemiological survey of secondary data provided by SINAN/MS from January 2007 to December 2011.


RESULTS
VL is an endemic disease in the State of Ceará, with cases notified in approximately 88% of the municipalities, with an average of 596.8 ± 29.6 cases, an incidence of 6.1 cases/100,000 inhabitants and prevalence of 7.1 cases/100,000 inhabitants. The Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza is the microregion with the largest number of cases reported in state (51.9% of cases), with the capital, Fortaleza, being the municipality with the highest number of cases in the country. Traditionally, the main age group affected by the disease are children; however, a reversal has been observed in the profile from 2008, when the population of adult patients exceeded the pediatric population.


CONCLUSIONS
Ceará is still an endemic area for VL, and the city of Fortaleza reported the highest number of cases in the country. In the State, a change in the profile of patients with the disease has been observed, now affecting primarily adults.
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
Italo José Mesquita
IJ
Cavalcante
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
Marcus Raimundo
MR
Vale
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D055815:Young Adult