Determination of morphological, biometric and biochemical susceptibilities in healthy Eurasier dogs with suspected inherited glaucoma.
In both humans and dogs, the primary risk factor for glaucoma is high intraocular pressure (IOP), which may be caused by iridocorneal angle (ICA) abnormalities. Oxidative stress has also been implicated in retinal ganglion cell damage associated with glaucoma. A suspected inherited form of glaucoma was recently identified in Eurasier dogs (EDs), a breed for which pedigrees are readily available. Because of difficulties in assessing ICA morphology in dogs with advanced glaucoma, we selected a cohort of apparently healthy dogsfor the investigation of ICA morphological status, IOP and plasma concentrations of oxidative stress biomarkers. We aimed to establish correlations between these factors, to identify predictive markers of glaucoma in this dog breed. A cohort of 28 subjects, volunteered for inclusion by their owners, was selected by veterinary surgeons. These dogs were assigned to four groups: young males, young females (1-3 years old), adult males and adult females (4-8 years old). Ocular examination included ophthalmoscopy, tonometry, gonioscopy, biometry and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), and the evaluation of oxidative stress biomarkers consisting of measurements of plasma glutathione peroxidase (GP) activity and taurine and metabolic precursor (methionine and cysteine) concentrations in plasma. The prevalence of pectinate ligament abnormalities was significantly higher in adult EDs than in young dogs. Moreover, in adult females, high IOP was significantly correlated with a short axial globe length, and a particularly large distance between Schwalbe's line and the anterior lens capsule. GP activity levels were significantly lower in EDs than in a randomized control group of dogs, and plasma taurine concentrations were higher. Hence, ICA abnormalities were associated with weaker antioxidant defenses in EDs, potentially counteracted by higher plasma taurine concentrations. This study suggests that EDs may constitute an appropriate canine model for the development of glaucoma. This cohort will be used as a sentinel for longitudinal monitoring.
Clinique Vétérinaire Vetea, Saintes, France.
Thomas
T
Boillot
INSERM, U968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; Clinique Veterinaire Voltaire, Asnières sur Seine, France.
Serge G
SG
Rosolen
Centre Hospitalier Veterinaire Saint-Martin, Saint-Martin de Bellevue, France.
Thomas
T
Dulaurent
Clinique Veterinaire Aquivet, Eysines, France.
Frédéric
F
Goulle
Clinique Veterinaire Saint-Pierre, Saint-Chamond, France.
Philippe
P
Thomas
Centre Hospitalier Veterinaire Saint-Martin, Saint-Martin de Bellevue, France.
Pierre-François
PF
Isard
Clinique Veterinaire des Halles, Strasbourg, France.
Thierry
T
Azoulay
Vébio, Arcueil, France.
Stéphanie
S
Lafarge-Beurlet
Pimrose Hill Veterinary Clinic, Dun Laoghaire, Co. Dublin, Ireland.
Mike
M
Woods
Clinique Veterinaire Voltaire, Asnières sur Seine, France.
Sylvie
S
Lavillegrand
INSERM, U968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.
Ivana
I
Ivkovic
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France; Clinical Chemistry, Hôtel-Dieu-Cochin Hospitals, AP-HP, Paris, France.
Nathalie
N
Neveux
INSERM, U968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France; Centre hospitalier d'ophtalmologie des Quize-Vingts, Paris, France; University College London, London, United Kingdom.
José-Alain
JA
Sahel
INSERM, U968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France.
Serge
S
Picaud
INSERM, U968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.
Nicolas
N
Froger
D000818:Animals; D001699:Biometry; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006068:Gonioscopy; D006262:Health; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D014463:Ultrasonography