Closed-loop optical stabilization and digital image registration in adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy.
Eye motion is a major impediment to the efficient acquisition of high resolution retinal images with the adaptive optics (AO) scanning light ophthalmoscope (AOSLO). Here we demonstrate a solution to this problem by implementing both optical stabilization and digital image registration in an AOSLO. We replaced the slow scanning mirror with a two-axis tip/tilt mirror for the dual functions of slow scanning and optical stabilization. Closed-loop optical stabilization reduced the amplitude of eye-movement related-image motion by a factor of 10-15. The residual RMS error after optical stabilization alone was on the order of the size of foveal cones: ~1.66-2.56 μm or ~0.34-0.53 arcmin with typical fixational eye motion for normal observers. The full implementation, with real-time digital image registration, corrected the residual eye motion after optical stabilization with an accuracy of ~0.20-0.25 μm or ~0.04-0.05 arcmin RMS, which to our knowledge is more accurate than any method previously reported.
Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
Qiang
Q
Yang
Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
Jie
J
Zhang
Healthcare Solution Division, Business Imaging Solution Group, Canon U.S.A., Inc., Melville, NY 11747, USA.
Koji
K
Nozato
Healthcare Solution Division, Business Imaging Solution Group, Canon U.S.A., Inc., Melville, NY 11747, USA.
Kenichi
K
Saito
Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA ; The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, 275 Hutchison Road, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
David R
DR
Williams
School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, 380 Minor Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ; Vision Science Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, 380 Minor Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Austin
A
Roorda
Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
Ethan A
EA
Rossi
(110.1080) Active or adaptive optics; (120.3890) Medical optics instrumentation; (170.3880) Medical and biological imaging; (170.4470) Ophthalmology; (330.2210) Vision - eye movements