Surfactants in atmospheric aerosols and rainwater around lake ecosystem.
This study was conducted to determine the composition of surfactants in atmospheric aerosols and rainwater in the vicinity of Lake Chini, Malaysia. Samples of atmospheric aerosol and rainwater were collected between March and September 2011 using a high volume air sampler (HVAS) and glass bottles equipped with funnel. Colorimetric analysis was undertaken to determine the concentration of anionic surfactants as methylene blue active substances (MBAS) and cationic surfactants as disulphine blue active substances (DBAS). The water-soluble ionic compositions were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for cations (Na, K, Mg and Ca) and ion chromatography equipped with a conductivity detector for anions (F(-), Cl(-), NO3(-), and SO4(2-)) and the Nessler Method was used to obtain the NH4(+) concentrations. The source apportionment of MBAS and DBAS in atmospheric aerosols was identified using a combination of principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple linear regression (MLR). The results revealed that the concentrations of surfactants in atmospheric aerosols and rainwater were dominated by anionic surfactants as MBAS. The concentration of surfactants as MBAS and DBAS was dominated in fine mode compared to coarse mode aerosols. Using PCA/MLR analysis, two major sources of atmospheric surfactants to Lake Chini were identified as soil dust (75 to 93%) and biomass burning (2 to 22%).
School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Intan Suraya
IS
Razak
Mohd Talib
MT
Latif
Shoffian Amin
SA
Jaafar
Md Firoz
MF
Khan
Idris
I
Mushrifah
D000336:Aerosols; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D060106:Lakes; D008296:Malaysia; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000737:chemistry; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011891:Rain; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes / Q000737:chemistry; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000032:analysis*
D000336:Aerosols; D004396:Coloring Agents; D004391:Dust; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C008769:sulfan blue; D008751:Methylene Blue