Challenges of drug-resistant malaria.
Over the past six decades, the drug resistance of Plasmodium falciparum has become an issue of utmost concern. Despite the remarkable progress that has been made in recent years in reducing the mortality rate to about 30% with the scaling-up of vector control, introduction of artemisinin-based combination therapies and other malaria control strategies, the confirmation of artemisinin resistance on the Cambodia-Thailand border threatened all the previous success. This review addresses the global scenario of antimalarial resistance and factors associated with it, with the main emphasis on futuristic approaches like nanotechnology and stem cell therapy that may impede resistant malaria, along with novel medications which are preparing to enter the global antimalarial market. These novel studies are likely to escalate over the coming years and will hopefully help to reduce the burden of malaria.
Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
Shweta
S
Sinha
Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
Bikash
B
Medhi
Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
Rakesh
R
Sehgal
D000962:Antimalarials / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D037621:Artemisinins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001682:Biological Availability; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple / Q000235:genetics; D017125:Genes, Protozoan; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D014943:Global Health; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007783:Lactones / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017780:Malaria Vaccines; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D049329:Nanostructures; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D035703:Therapies, Investigational
D000962:Antimalarials; D037621:Artemisinins; D004337:Drug Carriers; D007783:Lactones; D017780:Malaria Vaccines; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C075875:artemisin