White matter compromise predicts poor intellectual outcome in survivors of pediatric low-grade glioma.
BACKGROUND
While the impact of cranial radiation on white matter following treatment for pediatric brain tumor has been the focus of many recent studies, the effect of treatment in the absence of radiation has received little attention. The relations between white matter and cognitive outcome have not been explored in patients who have undergone radiation-free treatment. As most patients treated without cranial radiation survive long after their diagnosis, it is critical to identify factors that may impact structural and neurocognitive outcomes.


METHODS
Using diffusion tensor imaging, we examined white matter structure in 32 patients with pediatric low-grade glioma (PLGG) (19 with subtentorial location and 13 with supratentorial location) and 32 healthy participants. Indices of intellectual functioning were also evaluated. Radiation was not used to treat this cohort, aged 8-19 years.


RESULTS
We detected evidence of deficits in IQ and compromised supra- and subtentorial white matter in patients relative to healthy children (P < .05). Compromise of supratentorial white matter mediated the impact of treatment for PLGG on IQ. Greater white matter compromise was observed in patients who presented without multiple symptoms, were treated with biopsy/no surgery, had positive neurofibromatosis 1 status, were younger age at diagnosis, and whose parents had lower levels of education (P < .05).


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings provide evidence of increased risk of intellectual and white matter compromise in patients treated for PLGG without radiation. We identify a neural origin of cognitive deficit useful for predicting outcome and mitigating long-term adverse effects in pediatric brain tumor patients treated without cranial radiation.
Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.L., N.S., F.W., D.J.M.); Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (U.T., E.B.); Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (U.T., E.B.); Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.L.); Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.L.); Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (D.S.); Independent practice, Montréal area, Québec, Canada (M.-E.B.); Department of Psychology, Division of Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (D.M.); Divisions of Neurology and Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.H.); Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.H., C.F.); Division of Hematology and Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (C.F.); Division of Ambulatory Care/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (I.M.-P., D.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (D.K.); Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.M.); Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.M.).
Fang
F
Liu
Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.L., N.S., F.W., D.J.M.); Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (U.T., E.B.); Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (U.T., E.B.); Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.L.); Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.L.); Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (D.S.); Independent practice, Montréal area, Québec, Canada (M.-E.B.); Department of Psychology, Division of Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (D.M.); Divisions of Neurology and Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.H.); Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.H., C.F.); Division of Hematology and Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (C.F.); Division of Ambulatory Care/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (I.M.-P., D.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (D.K.); Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.M.); Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.M.).
Nadia
N
Scantlebury
Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.L., N.S., F.W., D.J.M.); Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (U.T., E.B.); Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (U.T., E.B.); Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.L.); Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.L.); Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (D.S.); Independent practice, Montréal area, Québec, Canada (M.-E.B.); Department of Psychology, Division of Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (D.M.); Divisions of Neurology and Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.H.); Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.H., C.F.); Division of Hematology and Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (C.F.); Division of Ambulatory Care/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (I.M.-P., D.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (D.K.); Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.M.); Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.M.).
Uri
U
Tabori
Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.L., N.S., F.W., D.J.M.); Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (U.T., E.B.); Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (U.T., E.B.); Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.L.); Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.L.); Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (D.S.); Independent practice, Montréal area, Québec, Canada (M.-E.B.); Department of Psychology, Division of Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (D.M.); Divisions of Neurology and Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.H.); Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.H., C.F.); Division of Hematology and Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (C.F.); Division of Ambulatory Care/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (I.M.-P., D.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (D.K.); Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.M.); Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.M.).
Eric
E
Bouffet
Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.L., N.S., F.W., D.J.M.); Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (U.T., E.B.); Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (U.T., E.B.); Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.L.); Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.L.); Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (D.S.); Independent practice, Montréal area, Québec, Canada (M.-E.B.); Department of Psychology, Division of Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (D.M.); Divisions of Neurology and Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.H.); Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.H., C.F.); Division of Hematology and Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (C.F.); Division of Ambulatory Care/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (I.M.-P., D.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (D.K.); Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.M.); Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.M.).
Suzanne
S
Laughlin
Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.L., N.S., F.W., D.J.M.); Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (U.T., E.B.); Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (U.T., E.B.); Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.L.); Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.L.); Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (D.S.); Independent practice, Montréal area, Québec, Canada (M.-E.B.); Department of Psychology, Division of Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (D.M.); Divisions of Neurology and Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.H.); Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.H., C.F.); Division of Hematology and Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (C.F.); Division of Ambulatory Care/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (I.M.-P., D.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (D.K.); Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.M.); Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.M.).
Douglas
D
Strother
Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.L., N.S., F.W., D.J.M.); Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (U.T., E.B.); Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (U.T., E.B.); Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.L.); Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.L.); Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (D.S.); Independent practice, Montréal area, Québec, Canada (M.-E.B.); Department of Psychology, Division of Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (D.M.); Divisions of Neurology and Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.H.); Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.H., C.F.); Division of Hematology and Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (C.F.); Division of Ambulatory Care/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (I.M.-P., D.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (D.K.); Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.M.); Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.M.).
Dina
D
McConnell
Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.L., N.S., F.W., D.J.M.); Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (U.T., E.B.); Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (U.T., E.B.); Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.L.); Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.L.); Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (D.S.); Independent practice, Montréal area, Québec, Canada (M.-E.B.); Department of Psychology, Division of Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (D.M.); Divisions of Neurology and Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.H.); Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.H., C.F.); Division of Hematology and Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (C.F.); Division of Ambulatory Care/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (I.M.-P., D.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (D.K.); Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.M.); Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.M.).
Juliette
J
Hukin
Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.L., N.S., F.W., D.J.M.); Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (U.T., E.B.); Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (U.T., E.B.); Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.L.); Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.L.); Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (D.S.); Independent practice, Montréal area, Québec, Canada (M.-E.B.); Department of Psychology, Division of Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (D.M.); Divisions of Neurology and Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.H.); Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.H., C.F.); Division of Hematology and Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (C.F.); Division of Ambulatory Care/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (I.M.-P., D.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (D.K.); Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.M.); Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.M.).
Chris
C
Fryer
Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.L., N.S., F.W., D.J.M.); Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (U.T., E.B.); Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (U.T., E.B.); Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.L.); Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.L.); Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (D.S.); Independent practice, Montréal area, Québec, Canada (M.-E.B.); Department of Psychology, Division of Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (D.M.); Divisions of Neurology and Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.H.); Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.H., C.F.); Division of Hematology and Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (C.F.); Division of Ambulatory Care/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (I.M.-P., D.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (D.K.); Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.M.); Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.M.).
Marie-Eve
ME
Brière
Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.L., N.S., F.W., D.J.M.); Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (U.T., E.B.); Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (U.T., E.B.); Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.L.); Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.L.); Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (D.S.); Independent practice, Montréal area, Québec, Canada (M.-E.B.); Department of Psychology, Division of Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (D.M.); Divisions of Neurology and Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.H.); Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.H., C.F.); Division of Hematology and Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (C.F.); Division of Ambulatory Care/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (I.M.-P., D.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (D.K.); Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.M.); Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.M.).
Isabelle
I
Montour-Proulx
Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.L., N.S., F.W., D.J.M.); Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (U.T., E.B.); Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (U.T., E.B.); Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.L.); Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.L.); Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (D.S.); Independent practice, Montréal area, Québec, Canada (M.-E.B.); Department of Psychology, Division of Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (D.M.); Divisions of Neurology and Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.H.); Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.H., C.F.); Division of Hematology and Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (C.F.); Division of Ambulatory Care/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (I.M.-P., D.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (D.K.); Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.M.); Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.M.).
Daniel
D
Keene
Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.L., N.S., F.W., D.J.M.); Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (U.T., E.B.); Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (U.T., E.B.); Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.L.); Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.L.); Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (D.S.); Independent practice, Montréal area, Québec, Canada (M.-E.B.); Department of Psychology, Division of Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (D.M.); Divisions of Neurology and Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.H.); Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.H., C.F.); Division of Hematology and Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (C.F.); Division of Ambulatory Care/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (I.M.-P., D.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (D.K.); Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.M.); Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.M.).
Frank
F
Wang
Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.L., N.S., F.W., D.J.M.); Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (U.T., E.B.); Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (U.T., E.B.); Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.L.); Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.L.); Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (D.S.); Independent practice, Montréal area, Québec, Canada (M.-E.B.); Department of Psychology, Division of Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (D.M.); Divisions of Neurology and Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.H.); Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.H., C.F.); Division of Hematology and Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (C.F.); Division of Ambulatory Care/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (I.M.-P., D.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (D.K.); Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.M.); Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.M.).
Donald J
DJ
Mabbott
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D066127:White Matter / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
IQ; low-grade glioma; subtentorial tumors; supratentorial tumors; white matter