N-acetyltransferase 2 gene polymorphism as a biomarker for susceptibility to bladder cancer in Bangladeshi population.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the association between the three most common single nucleotide polymorphisms of the N-acetyltransferase 2 gene together with cigarette smoking and the risk of developing bladder cancer and its aggressiveness.


METHODS
A case-control study on 102 bladder cancer patients and 140 control subjects was conducted. The genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral white blood cells and N-acetyltransferase 2 alleles were differentiated by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism methods.


RESULTS
Bladder cancer risk was estimated as odds ratio and 95% confidence interval using binary logistic regression models adjusting for age and gender. Overall, N-acetyltransferase 2 slow genotypes were associated with bladder cancer risk (odds ratio=4.45; 95% confidence interval=2.26-8.77). The cigarette smokers with slow genotypes were found to have a sixfold increased risk to develop bladder cancer (odds ratio=6.05; 95% confidence interval=2.23-15.82). Patients with slow acetylating genotypes were more prone to develop high-grade (odds ratio=6.63; 95% confidence interval=1.15-38.13; P<0.05) and invasive (odds ratio=10.6; 95% confidence interval=1.00-111.5; P=0.05) tumor.


CONCLUSIONS
N-acetyltransferase 2 slow genotype together with tobacco smoking increases bladder cancer risk. Patients with N-acetyltransferase 2 slow genotypes were more likely to develop a high-grade and invasive tumor. N-acetyltransferase 2 slow genotype is an important genetic determinant for bladder cancer in Bangladesh population.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Md Bayejid
MB
Hosen
Jahidul
J
Islam
Md Abdus
MA
Salam
Md Fakhrul
MF
Islam
M Zakir Hossain
MZ
Hawlader
Yearul
Y
Kabir
D000368:Aged; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000235:genetics; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase; C478900:NAT2 protein, human
acetyltransferase; aromatic amine; bladder cancer; polymorphism; smoking