Theoretical description of electronically excited vinylidene up to 10 eV: first high level ab initio study of singlet valence and Rydberg states.
The first quantitative description of the Rydberg and valence singlet electronic states of vinylidene lying in the 0-10 eV region is performed by using large scale ab initio calculations. A deep analysis of Rydberg-valence interactions has been achieved thanks to the comprehensive information contained in the accurate Multi-Reference Configuration Interaction wavefunctions and an original population analysis highlighting the respective role played by orbital and state mixing in such interactions. The present theoretical approach is thus adequate for dealing with larger than diatomic Rydberg systems. The nine lowest singlet valence states have been optimized. Among them, some are involved in strong Rydberg-valence interactions in the region of the Rydberg state equilibrium geometry. The Rydberg states of vinylidene present a great similarity with the acetylene isomer, concerning their quantum defects and Rydberg molecular orbital character. As in acetylene, strong s-d mixing is revealed in the n = 3 s-d supercomplex. Nevertheless, unlike in acetylene, the close-energy of the two vinylidene ionic cores (2)A1 and (2)B1 results into two overlapped Rydberg series. These Rydberg series exhibit local perturbations when an accidental degeneracy occurs between them and results in avoided crossings. In addition, some Δl = 1 (s-p and p-d) mixings arise for some Rydberg states and are rationalized in term of electrostatic interaction from the electric dipole moment of the ionic core. The strongest dipole moment of the (2)B1 cationic state also stabilizes the lowest members of the n = 3 Rydberg series converging to this excited state, as compared to the adjacent series converging toward the (2)A1 ionic ground state. The overall energies of vinylidene Rydberg states lie above their acetylene counterpart. Finally, predictions for optical transitions in singlet vinylidene are suggested for further experimental spectroscopic characterization of vinylidene.
Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, UMR 8214, CNRS and Université Paris-Sud, Bât. 210, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
Séverine
S
Boyé-Péronne
Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, UMR 8214, CNRS and Université Paris-Sud, Bât. 210, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
Dolores
D
Gauyacq
Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Cpi 160/09, 50 Av. F.D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.
Jacques
J
Liévin