Modulation of Purkinje cell complex spike waveform by synchrony levels in the olivocerebellar system.
Purkinje cells (PCs) generate complex spikes (CSs) when activated by the olivocerebellar system. Unlike most spikes, the CS waveform is highly variable, with the number, amplitude, and timing of the spikelets that comprise it varying with each occurrence. This variability suggests that CS waveform could be an important control parameter of olivocerebellar activity. The origin of this variation is not well known. Thus, we obtained extracellular recordings of CSs to investigate the possibility that the electrical coupling state of the inferior olive (IO) affects the CS waveform. Using multielectrode recordings from arrays of PCs we showed that the variance in the recording signal during the period when the spikelets occur is correlated with CS synchrony levels in local groups of PCs. The correlation was demonstrated under both ketamine and urethane, indicating that it is robust. Moreover, climbing fiber reflex evoked CSs showed an analogous positive correlation between spikelet-related variance and the number of cells that responded to a stimulus. Intra-IO injections of GABA-A receptor antagonists or the gap junction blocker carbenoxolone produced correlated changes in the variance and synchrony levels, indicating the presence of a causal relationship. Control experiments showed that changes in variance with synchrony were primarily due to changes in the CS waveform, as opposed to changes in the strength of field potentials from surrounding cells. Direct counts of spikelets showed that their number increased with synchronization of CS activity. In sum, these results provide evidence of a causal link between two of the distinguishing characteristics of the olivocerebellar system, its ability to generate synchronous activity and the waveform of the CS.
Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine New York, NY, USA.
Eric J
EJ
Lang
Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine New York, NY, USA.
Tianyu
T
Tang
Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine New York, NY, USA.
Colleen Y
CY
Suh
Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine New York, NY, USA.
Jianqiang
J
Xiao
Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine New York, NY, USA.
Yuriy
Y
Kotsurovskyy
Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine New York, NY, USA.
Timothy A
TA
Blenkinsop
Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine New York, NY, USA.
Sarah P
SP
Marshall
Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo, Japan ; Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo, Japan.
Izumi
I
Sugihara
complex spike; gap junctions; inferior olive; spikelets; synchrony; zebrin