Radiolabeled apoptosis imaging agents for early detection of response to therapy.
Since apoptosis plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis and is associated with responses to therapy, molecular imaging of apoptotic cells could be useful for early detection of therapeutic effects, particularly in oncology. Radiolabeled annexin V compounds are the hallmark in apoptosis imaging in vivo. These compounds are reviewed from the genesis of apoptosis (cell death) imaging agents up to recent years. They have some disadvantages, including slow clearance and immunogenicity, because they are protein-based imaging agents. For this reason, several studies have been conducted in recent years to develop low molecule apoptosis imaging agents. In this review, radiolabeled phosphatidylserine targeted peptides, radiolabeled bis(zinc(II)-dipicolylamine) complex, radiolabeled 5-fluoropentyl-2-methyl-malonic acid (ML-10), caspase-3 activity imaging agents, radiolabeled duramycin, and radiolabeled phosphonium cation are reviewed as promising low-molecular-weight apoptosis imaging agents.
Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
Kazuma
0000-0002-1691-7302
K
Ogawa
Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
Miho
0000-0002-3055-3242
M
Aoki
D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000235:genetics; D058948:Cell Tracking; D006801:Humans; D057054:Molecular Imaging; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use
D017304:Annexin A5; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D053148:Caspase 3