Urinary interleukin-1β levels among gynecological patients.
BACKGROUND
Early detection of epithelial ovarian cancer (OC) is necessary to overcome the high mortality rate of late stage diagnosis; and, examining the molecular changes that occur at early disease onset may provide new strategies for OC detection. Since the deregulation of inflammatory mediators can contribute to OC development, the purpose of this pilot study was to determine whether elevated urinary levels of Interleukin-1beta (IL-1 beta) are associated with OC and associated clinical parameters.


METHODS
Urinary and serum levels of IL-1 beta were analyzed by ELISA from a patient cohort consisting of healthy women (N = 10), women with ovarian benign disease (N = 23), women with OC (N = 32), women with other benign gynecological conditions (N = 22), and women with other gynecological cancers (N = 6).


RESULTS
Average urinary IL-1 beta levels tended to be elevated in ovarian benign (1.26 pg/ml) and OC (1.57 pg/ml) patient samples compared to healthy individuals (0.36 pg/ml). Among patients with benign disease, urinary IL-1β levels were statistically higher in patients with benign inflammatory gynecologic disease compared to patients with non-inflammatory benign disease. Interestingly, urinary IL-1 beta levels tended to be 3-6x greater in patients with benign ovarian disease or OC as well as with a concomitant family history of ovarian and/or breast cancer compared to similar patients without a family history of ovarian and/or breast cancer. Lastly, there was a pattern of increased urinary IL-1 beta with increasing body mass index (BMI); patients with a normal BMI averaged urinary IL-1 beta levels of 0.92 pg/ml, overweight BMI averaged urinary IL-1 beta levels of 1.72 pg/ml, and obese BMI averaged urinary IL-1 beta levels of 5.26 pg/ml.


CONCLUSIONS
This pilot study revealed that urinary levels of IL-1 beta are elevated in patients with epithelial OC supporting the thought that inflammation might be associated with cancer progression. Consequently, further studies of urinary IL-1 beta and the identification of an inflammatory profile specific to OC development may be beneficial to reduce the mortality associated with this disease.
Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. kwoolery@health.usf.edu.
Kamisha T
KT
Woolery
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. mhoffma1@health.usf.edu.
Mitchel S
MS
Hoffman
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. jkraft@health.usf.edu.
Joshua
J
Kraft
Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. snicosia@health.usf.edu.
Santo V
SV
Nicosia
Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. akumar1@health.usf.edu.
Ambuj
A
Kumar
Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. pkruk@health.usf.edu.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. pkruk@health.usf.edu.|H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. pkruk@health.usf.edu.
Patricia A
PA
Kruk
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D000077216:Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000652:urine*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009375:Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine*; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D055815:Young Adult
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D053583:Interleukin-1beta