Sexually transmitted infections of the anus and rectum.
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) represent a significant public health concern. Several STIs, once thought to be on the verge of extinction, have recently reemerged. This change is thought to be partially related to an increase in STIs of the anus and rectum. Importantly, the global human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic has contributed to the emergence of particular anorectal lesions that require specialized approaches. In this report, we review common anorectal STIs that are frequently referred to colorectal surgeons in the United States. Epidemiology, clinical presentation, and management are summarized, including the latest treatment recommendations. The particularity of anorectal diseases in HIV/AIDS is addressed, along with recent trends in anal cytology and human papillomavirus vaccination.
Roland Assi, Peter W Hashim, Vikram B Reddy, Hulda Einarsdottir, Walter E Longo, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States.
Roland
R
Assi
Roland Assi, Peter W Hashim, Vikram B Reddy, Hulda Einarsdottir, Walter E Longo, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States.
Peter W
PW
Hashim
Roland Assi, Peter W Hashim, Vikram B Reddy, Hulda Einarsdottir, Walter E Longo, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States.
Vikram B
VB
Reddy
Roland Assi, Peter W Hashim, Vikram B Reddy, Hulda Einarsdottir, Walter E Longo, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States.
Hulda
H
Einarsdottir
Roland Assi, Peter W Hashim, Vikram B Reddy, Hulda Einarsdottir, Walter E Longo, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States.
Walter E
WE
Longo
D001004:Anus Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012002:Rectal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012747:Sexual Partners; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D047568:Unsafe Sex
Anal cytology; Highly active antiretroviral therapy; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human papilloma virus vaccines; Human papillomavirus; Perianal disease; Rectal disease; Sexual behavior; Sexually transmitted disease