Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity in Human Skin Melanoma Cells.
Extensive applications of cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles require a better understanding of their possible effects on human health. However, data demonstrating the effect of CeO2 nanoparticles on the human skin melanoma cell remain scanty. In the current study, we determined the mechanism through which CeO2 nanoparticles (APS <25 nm) induce toxicity in human skin melanoma cells (A375). The MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] and neutral red uptake assays showed concentration and time-dependent cytotoxicity of CeO2 nanoparticles in A375 cells. CeO2 nanoparticles significantly induced the generation reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and decreased glutathione levels in A375 cells. It was also observed that the CeO2 nanoparticles induced chromosomal condensation and caspase-3 activity. CeO2 nanoparticles exposed cells revealed the formation of DNA double-strand breakage as measured by percent tail DNA and olive tail moment through comet assay. The decline of cell viability, production of ROS, and DNA damage in A375 cells specifies that CeO2 nanoparticles have less capable to induce cyto and genotoxicity.
Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, BOX 2454, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. aalidaoud@ksu.edu.sa.
Daoud
D
Ali
Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, BOX 2454, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Saud
S
Alarifi
Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, BOX 2454, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Saad
S
Alkahtani
Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, BOX 2454, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Abdullah A
AA
AlKahtane
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Abdulaziz
A
Almalik
D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002563:Cerium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D053960:DNA Breaks / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000473:pathology*; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010316:Particle Size; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*
D009153:Mutagens; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002563:Cerium; C030583:ceric oxide
A375 cells; Apoptosis; CeO2 nanoparticles; DNA damage; Oxidative stress