Risk factors for fatal and nonfatal road crashes in iran.
BACKGROUND
Road traffic injuries are among the leading causes of death in the world and Iran.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to assess the role of age, sex, education, and time of accident on human casualties and mortalities of road crashes in Iran.


METHODS
This study was based on data gathered by Iranian Police Department from the records of road crashes from April 4, 2008 through April 4, 2009. Road crashes are categorized into three types: with no human casualties, with injuries, and with human mortalities.


RESULTS
The largest rate of human causalities was observed in people aged between 25 to 34 years (P < 0.001). Illiterate people had 81% smaller odds of causality in road crashes (P < 0.001) in comparison with those with a kind of academic education. Overall, 73.4% of crashes had happened during the last ten days of a month were with human casualties (P < 0.001) and human casualties rate was slightly higher in crashes happened between 1 AM to 5 AM Fatality rate was slightly higher in the females (OR = 2.6, P = 0.068). The smallest odds of fatality were found in the people aged between 18 to 24 years and the highest odds were seen in people ≥ 55 years of age (P < 0.001). In people with a university education, 61.9% of crashes were with fatality (P = 0.026). In addition, 82.8% of crashes during winter, 60.2% of crashes during autumn, and 35.8% of crashes during summer were with mortalities. Overall, 78.3% of crashes with human casualties that had happened during 1 AM to 5 AM led to mortalities. There was also a significant association between injury and its intensity with fastening seatbelts.


CONCLUSIONS
Older age, university degrees, female sex, wintertime, and the time of accident seem to be the most important risk factors in road crashes that lead to fatalities in Iran. Drivers in Iran should be informed and trained regarding these risk factors, which have direct effect on casualties and mortalities in road crashes.
NAJA Research Center of Traffic Police of Iran, Tehran, IR Iran.
Mohammadreza
M
Mehmandar
Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IR Iran.
Hamid
H
Soori
NAJA Research Center of Traffic Police of Iran, Tehran, IR Iran.
Mosa
M
Amiri
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, IR Iran.
Reza
R
Norouzirad
Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
Mehdi
M
Khabzkhoob
Cross-Sectional Study; Iran; Risk Factors