Manfred Girbardt and Charles Bracker: outstanding pioneers in fungal microscopy.
Midway through the twentieth century, the availability of new and improved optical and electronic microscopes facilitated rapid advances in the elucidation of the fine structure of fungal cells. In this Essay, I pay tribute to Manfred Girbardt (1919-1991) and Charles Bracker (1938-2012)—two individuals who, despite being separated by geography and the restrictions of the Cold War, both made equally fundamental discoveries in fungal cell ultrastructure and set high standards for specimen manipulation and image processing.
Department of Microbiology at the Center of Scientific Investigation and Higher Education of Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, 22860, Mexico, and at the Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0122, USA.
Salomon
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Bartnicki-Garcia
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