Pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity is compromised under C-limited growth.
In the interaction between plants and pathogens, carbon (C) resources provide energy and C skeletons to maintain, among many functions, the plant immune system. However, variations in C availability on pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) triggered immunity (PTI) have not been systematically examined. Here, three types of starch mutants with enhanced susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 hrcC were examined for PTI. In a dark period-dependent manner, the mutants showed compromised induction of a PTI marker, and callose accumulation in response to the bacterial PAMP flagellin, flg22. In combination with weakened PTI responses in wild type by inhibition of the TCA cycle, the experiments determined the necessity of C-derived energy in establishing PTI. Global gene expression analyses identified flg22 responsive genes displaying C supply-dependent patterns. Nutrient recycling-related genes were regulated similarly by C-limitation and flg22, indicating re-arrangements of expression programs to redirect resources that establish or strengthen PTI. Ethylene and NAC transcription factors appear to play roles in these processes. Under C-limitation, PTI appears compromised based on suppression of genes required for continued biosynthetic capacity and defenses through flg22. Our results provide a foundation for the intuitive perception of the interplay between plant nutrition status and pathogen defense.
Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea ; Bureau of Ecological Conservation Reseach, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon 325-813, Korea.
Hyeong Cheol
HC
Park
Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea ; Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
Shinyoung
S
Lee
Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
Bokyung
B
Park
Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea ; Bureau of Ecological Conservation Reseach, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon 325-813, Korea.
Wonkyun
W
Choi
Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
Chanmin
C
Kim
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
Sanghun
S
Lee
Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
Woo Sik
WS
Chung
Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
Sang Yeol
SY
Lee
College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Jamal
J
Sabir
Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea ; Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA ; College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Ray A
RA
Bressan
Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea ; College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ; Departments of Plant Biology and of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
Hans J
HJ
Bohnert
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
Tesfaye
T
Mengiste
Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
Dae-Jin
DJ
Yun
D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism*; D005408:Flagellin / Q000276:immunology; D005463:Fluoroacetates / Q000494:pharmacology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D009154:Mutation; D057865:Plant Immunity; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D044224:Pseudomonas syringae / Q000276:immunology*
D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D005463:Fluoroacetates; D005408:Flagellin; D002244:Carbon; C014815:fluoroacetic acid
Arabidopsis; NAC; PAMP; PTI; Pseudomonas; carbon; defense; energy; flg22; starch