Therapeutic face of RNAi: in vivo challenges.
BACKGROUND
RNA interference is a sequence-specific gene silencing phenomenon in which small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can trigger gene transcriptional and post-transcriptional silencing. This phenomenon represents an emerging therapeutic approach for in vivo studies by efficient delivery of specific synthetic siRNAs against diseases. Therefore, simultaneous development of synthetic siRNAs along with novel delivery techniques is considered as novel and interesting therapeutic challenges.


METHODS
This review provides a basic explanation to siRNA signaling pathways and their therapeutic challenges. Here, we provide a comprehensive explanation to failed and successful trials and their in vivo challenges.


CONCLUSIONS
Specific, efficient and targeted delivery of siRNAs is the major concern for their in vivo administrations. Also, anatomical barriers, drug stability and availability, immunoreactivity and existence of various delivery routes, different genetic backgrounds are major clinical challenges. However, successful administration of siRNA-based drugs is expected during foreseeable features. But, their systemic applications will depend on strong targeted drug delivery strategies.
Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Chemical Injuries Research Center , Tehran , Iran.
Hojat
H
Borna
Saber
S
Imani
Maryam
M
Iman
Sadegh
S
Azimzadeh Jamalkandi
D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D020868:Gene Silencing; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D035683:MicroRNAs; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering
RNA interference; gene therapy; small interfering RNA; small interfering RNA delivery