Enteric bacteria promote human and mouse norovirus infection of B cells.
The cell tropism of human noroviruses and the development of an in vitro infection model remain elusive. Although susceptibility to individual human norovirus strains correlates with an individual's histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) profile, the biological basis of this restriction is unknown. We demonstrate that human and mouse noroviruses infected B cells in vitro and likely in vivo. Human norovirus infection of B cells required the presence of HBGA-expressing enteric bacteria. Furthermore, mouse norovirus replication was reduced in vivo when the intestinal microbiota was depleted by means of oral antibiotic administration. Thus, we have identified B cells as a cellular target of noroviruses and enteric bacteria as a stimulatory factor for norovirus infection, leading to the development of an in vitro infection model for human noroviruses.
Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Melissa K
MK
Jones
Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Makiko
M
Watanabe
Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Shu
S
Zhu
Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Christina L
CL
Graves
Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Lisa R
LR
Keyes
Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Katrina R
KR
Grau
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Mariam B
MB
Gonzalez-Hernandez
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Nicole M
NM
Iovine
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Christiane E
CE
Wobus
Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Jan
J
Vinjé
Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Scott A
SA
Tibbetts
Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Shannon M
SM
Wallet
Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. skarst@ufl.edu.
Stephanie M
SM
Karst
D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D002460:Cell Line; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D016679:Genome, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D029322:Norovirus / Q000502:physiology*; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D014779:Virus Replication
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C064658:RAG-1 protein