Metabolic and glycemic sequelae of sleep disturbances in children and adults.
The prevalence of obesity in adults and children has increased greatly in the past three decades, as have metabolic sequelae, such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Sleep disturbances are increasingly recognized as contributors to this widespread epidemic in adults, and data are emerging in children as well. The categories of sleep disturbances that contribute to obesity and its glycemic co-morbidities include the following: (1) alterations of sleep duration, chronic sleep restriction and excessive sleep; (2) alterations in sleep architecture; (3) sleep fragmentation; (4) circadian rhythm disorders and disruption (i.e., shift work); and (5) obstructive sleep apnea. This article reviews current evidence supporting the contributions that these sleep disorders play in the development of obesity, insulin resistance, and T2DM as well as possibly influences on glycemic control in type 1 diabetes, with a special focus on data in pediatric populations.
Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60614, USA, dkoren@peds.bsd.uchicago.edu.
Dorit
D
Koren
Katie L
KL
O'Sullivan
Babak
B
Mokhlesi
D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015995:Prevalence; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology
D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human