Income and children's behavioral functioning: a sequential mediation analysis.
Children from low-income households tend to exhibit higher levels of conduct problems and emotional problems, yet the pathways linking economic disadvantage to children's behavioral functioning are not well understood. This study uses data from the Early Steps Multisite (ESM) project (N = 731) to investigate associations between family income in early childhood and children's conduct problems and emotional problems in middle childhood. The study explores whether the associations from income to child conduct problems and emotional problems operate through maternal depressive symptoms and 3 family risk factors in early childhood-harsh parenting, parenting hassles, and chaos in the home environment. Results of a sequential mediation model revealed significant indirect effects of family income on children's conduct problems operating through maternal depressive symptoms and parenting hassles and indirect effects of family income on children's emotional problems operating through maternal depressive symptoms, chaos in the home environment, and parenting hassles. Implications of these findings for understanding processes through which income influences child functioning are discussed.
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh.
Elizabeth C
EC
Shelleby
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh.
Elizabeth
E
Votruba-Drzal
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh.
Daniel S
DS
Shaw
Department of Psychology, Arizona State University.
Thomas J
TJ
Dishion
Department of Psychology, University of Virginia.
Melvin N
MN
Wilson
Department of Social Policy & Intervention, University of Oxford.
Frances
F
Gardner
D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D054541:Family Conflict / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D017008:Negotiating; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology; D011203:Poverty / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications