Implication of pattern-recognition receptors in cardiovascular diseases.
CONCLUSIONS
Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) are a family of receptors that are used to detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns or damage-associated molecular patterns, which initiate immune responses to resolve infections and repair damaged tissues. Abnormalities in PRR activation will unavoidably lead to excessive inflammation.


BACKGROUND
Although multiple pathophysiological processes are involved in cardiovascular disease, recent studies have highlighted the importance of innate PRRs, in particular, Toll-like receptors and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors, in mediating inflammatory responses and cardiovascular function.


RESULTS
The functional roles and regulatory mechanisms of PRRs in cardiovascular diseases are still largely unknown. In particular, controversies exist on the certainty of these detrimental or beneficial effects of some PRRs in different diseased states or different experimental animal models.


CONCLUSIONS
Considering that the molecular mechanisms for individual PRR to regulate cellular function are complex and multiple PRRs are activated simultaneously or synergistically, a better understanding of the function of individual PRRs and the interplay of PRRs will provide unexpected opportunities to develop new therapies for cardiovascular disease by modulation of an innate immune system.
Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine , Jinan, China .
Xiaojie
X
Wang
Fan
F
Yi
D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*
D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition