Novel regulators of endothelial barrier function.
Endothelial barrier function is an essential and tightly regulated process that ensures proper compartmentalization of the vascular and interstitial space, while allowing for the diffusive exchange of small molecules and the controlled trafficking of macromolecules and immune cells. Failure to control endothelial barrier integrity results in excessive leakage of fluid and proteins from the vasculature that can rapidly become fatal in scenarios such as sepsis or the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Here, we highlight recent advances in our understanding on the regulation of endothelial permeability, with a specific focus on the endothelial glycocalyx and endothelial scaffolds, regulatory intracellular signaling cascades, as well as triggers and mediators that either disrupt or enhance endothelial barrier integrity, and provide our perspective as to areas of seeming controversy and knowledge gaps, respectively.
Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; dmehta@uic.edu.
Dolly
D
Mehta
Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
Krishnan
K
Ravindran
Wolfgang M
WM
Kuebler
D000818:Animals; D015824:Blood-Air Barrier / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019276:Glycocalyx / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018805:Sepsis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome; edema; endothelial cell; permeability