The experiences of "difficult life" in heart valve replaced patients.
BACKGROUND
Several reports, however, not comprehensive, have been presented about the experiences of patients with replaced heart-valve.


OBJECTIVE
This study explores the experiences of the patients with heart valve replacement.


METHODS
A qualitative research with a content analysis approach was carried out on the patients with cardiac valve replacement during the year 2012 and 2013. A purposeful sampling using a semi-structured interview and open-ended questions (with the main question of "What problems did you have after the valve replacement?" followed by the exploratory questions) were performed until the data saturation. All interviews were recorded, then transcribed and typed. The data analysis was done according to Grancheim and Lundmen content analysis using the MAXQDA software.


RESULTS
Of 22 interviews taken from 13 participants, 430 codes were taken. Out of them, after deleting the similar items, 162 initial, 18 subcategory, and 5 subsidiary themes (problematic exposure with valve replacement, continuity of some difficulties, aggravation of life problems, insufficient support, and following a perceived care) were extracted. Based on the abstract and deep perception of the categories, the main theme of "difficult life" was explored.


CONCLUSIONS
Aggravation and the continuity of some physical problems, and insufficient support after the valve replacement make the life difficult for the patients. Identification of these problems is necessary for planning and improvement of the patients' care, life quality, and survival through consultations, rehabilitation and education.
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran.
Mohsen
M
Taghadosi
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran.
Robabeh
R
Memarian
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran.
Fazlollah
F
Ahmadi
Heart Valve Implantation; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Life; Qualitative Research