Pretreatment With Caffeine Citrate to Increase Seizure Duration During Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Case Series.
OBJECTIVE
Due to the shortage of parenteral caffeine and sodium benzoate, patients were pretreated with caffeine citrate to increase therapeutic seizure duration during electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). To date, no data are available on the use of caffeine citrate during ECT. This retrospective case series was done to demonstrate utilization of caffeine citrate as a substitute for caffeine and sodium benzoate in optimizing ECT.


METHODS
Medical records were reviewed to identify patients who received ECT and caffeine citrate. Physician notes were reviewed to determine the parameters of the ECT procedure, the seizure length, and the dose of caffeine citrate. Each chart was thoroughly studied to find the relationship between seizure duration and dose of caffeine citrate.


RESULTS
Of the 12 ECT treatments utilizing caffeine citrate, 9 achieved at least 1 session lasting >30 seconds with an average seizure duration of 35 seconds. Increase in seizure duration ranged from -41% to 276% with an average increase of 48%. Only 3 treatment sessions utilizing caffeine citrate showed no increase in seizure duration. Doses ranged from 120 to 600 mg of both oral and parenteral caffeine citrate. Although increase in seizure duration was achieved for the majority of the ECT sessions, no dose-response correlation could be made. No significant adverse reactions were noted with the use of caffeine citrate during ECT.


CONCLUSIONS
It was determined that, much like caffeine and sodium benzoate, caffeine citrate does increase the seizure duration. However, this response did vary due to many reasons including small sample size, concomitant medications, duration of illness, and number of ECTs they received in the past and how long ago they received the last ECT. Further research is required to elucidate the effect of these variables on seizure duration.
Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA.
Aaron
A
Pinkhasov
Kingsbrook Jewish Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA mbiglow@kingsbrook.org.
Michael
M
Biglow
State University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Subhash
S
Chandra
American University of Antigua College of Medicine, Antigua.
Tiffany
T
Pica
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002951:Citrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012640:Seizures; D013997:Time Factors
D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D002951:Citrates; D002110:Caffeine; C026189:caffeine citrate
ECT, seizure induction; caffeine citrate; caffeine sodium benzoate; electroconvulsive therapy; psychiatry