Sero-prevalence and factors associated with Hepatitis B and C co-infection in pregnant Nigerian women living with HIV infection.
BACKGROUND
Perinatal and horizontal transmission of Hepatitis B occur in areas of high endemicity as most infections are acquired in the first 5 years of life. Unless Hepatitis B and C infected pregnant women identified, and appropriate treatment provided, children born to these women are at high risk of chronic Hepatitis B (and C) virus infection. The objecive of this study was to determined the prevalence and the factors associated with Hepatitis B and C Virus infection in pregnant HIV positive Nigerians.


METHODS
A cross sectional study among HIV Positive pregnant women seen at a large PMTCT clinic in Lagos Nigeria. The women were screened for Hepatitis B and C Virus infection at enrollment. HIV viral load, CD4 count, liver transaminases and hemoglobin levels were also determined. Data were managed with SPSS for windows version. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutions Ethical Review Board.


RESULTS
Of the 2391 studied subjects, 101(4.2%) and 37(1.5%) respectively were seropositive for Hepatitis B and C Virus infection. Twowomen (0. 08%) had triple infections. blood transfusion, (cOR: 2.3; 95% CI:1.1-4.6), history of induced abortion (cOR:2. 2;95% CI:1.3-3.6), and elevated baseline ALT (cOR:2. 2; 95%CI:2. 2;4.2) were significantly associated with HBV. History of induced abortion was the only factor found to be associated with HIV/ HCV (cOR: 1.9;95%CI:1. 3-3.9).


CONCLUSIONS
Hepatitis B Virus infection (4.2%) is relatively common in our environment and associated with induced abortion, blood transfusion and elevated baseline transaminase. Hepatitis C Virus infection (1.5%) is less common and associated with only history of induced abortion.
Clinical Sciences Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos Nigeria.
Oliver Chukwujekwu
OC
Ezechi
Clinical Sciences Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos Nigeria.
Olufunto Olufela
OO
Kalejaiye
Clinical Sciences Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos Nigeria.
Chidinma Vivian
CV
Gab-Okafor
Clinical Sciences Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos Nigeria.
David Ayola
DA
Oladele
Clinical Sciences Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos Nigeria.
Bamidele Oludare
BO
Oke
Clinical Sciences Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos Nigeria.
Zaidat Adesola
ZA
Musa
Clinical Sciences Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos Nigeria.
Sabdat Ozichu
SO
Ekama
Clinical Sciences Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos Nigeria.
Harry
H
Ohwodo
Clinical Sciences Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos Nigeria.
Endurance
E
Agahowa
Clinical Sciences Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos Nigeria.
Titilola
T
Gbajabiamilla
Clinical Sciences Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos Nigeria.
Paschal Mbanefo
PM
Ezeobi
Human Virology Laboratory, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos Nigeria.
Azuka
A
Okwuraiwe
Human Virology Laboratory, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos Nigeria.
Rosemary Ajuma
RA
Audu R
HIV Counseling and Testing Centre, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos Nigeria.
Rosemary Nwakaego
RN
Okoye
Clinical Sciences Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos Nigeria.
Agatha Nkiru
AN
David
Clinical Sciences Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos Nigeria.
Nkiruka Nonyelum
NN
Odunukwe
Clinical Sciences Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos Nigeria.
Dan Ifeanyi
DI
Onwujekwe
Clinical Sciences Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos Nigeria.
Innocent Achanya
IA
Ujah
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D060085:Coinfection / Q000821:virology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D015995:Prevalence; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult
HIV; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis C virus; pregnancy