Antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of hydroethanolic extract from Jacaranda decurrens leaves.
OBJECTIVE
Leaves of Jacaranda decurrens are used in traditional Brazilian medicine to treat metabolic diseases related to increased reactive oxygen species. The present study evaluated the antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of hydroethanolic extract from the leaves of Jacaranda decurrens subsp. symmetrifoliolata.


METHODS
Phenolic compounds, flavonoids and saponins were evaluated in an ethanol:water (80:20, v/v) extract from the leaves of Jacaranda decurrens subsp. symmetrifoliolata (E-Jds). The antioxidant activity of E-Jds was investigated by assessing the following: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity; protection against 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced hemolysis of erythrocytes; in vitro and in vivo malondialdehyde dosage; and the ability to activate antioxidant enzymes. K562 leukemia cells were used for the cytotoxic evaluation of E-Jds and for the assessment of the cell death profile through flow cytometry.


RESULTS
Phenolic and flavonoid compounds were quantified as 14.38% and 2.15%, respectively, of E-Jds. These phenolic and flavonoid compounds proved to be able to scavenge DPPH free radicals with an IC50 of 9.3 ± 3.3 µg/mL, to protect up to 50% of erythrocytes against AAPH-induced hemolysis and to reduce in vitro and in vivo malondialdehyde levels up to 84% and 22%, respectively. E-Jds also increased glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity, with a concomitant decrease in superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, and exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxic activity on K562 erythroleukemia cells with cell death occurring via both late apoptosis and necrosis.


CONCLUSIONS
E-Jds exhibits in vitro and in vivo antioxidant potential, which may be the mechanism mediating the metabolic activities reported in folk medicine. Furthermore, the cytotoxic activity identified in this study contributes with the knowledge of antiproliferative activities that have been described in the literature for the genus Jacaranda.
Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
Junior Cesar
JC
Casagrande
Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
Luis Fernando Benitez
LF
Macorini
Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
Katia Avila
KA
Antunes
Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
Uilson Pereira Dos
UP
Santos
Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
Jaqueline Ferreira
JF
Campos
Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.
Nelson Miguel
NM
Dias-Júnior
Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
Andréia
A
Sangalli
State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
Claudia Andrea
CA
Lima Cardoso
Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
Maria
M
do Carmo Vieira
Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.
Luiza Antas
LA
Rabelo
Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Edgar Julian
EJ
Paredes-Gamero
Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
Edson Lucas
EL
Dos Santos
Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
Kely
K
de Picoli Souza
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D020014:K562 Cells; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010851:Picrates / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*
D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl