In search of rare variants: preliminary results from whole genome sequencing of 1,325 individuals with psychophysiological endophenotypes.
Whole genome sequencing was completed on 1,325 individuals from 602 families, identifying 27 million autosomal variants. Genetic association tests were conducted for those individuals who had been assessed for one or more of 17 endophenotypes (N range = 802-1,185). No significant associations were found. These 27 million variants were then imputed into the full sample of individuals with psychophysiological data (N range = 3,088-4,469) and again tested for associations with the 17 endophenotypes. No association was significant. Using a gene-based variable threshold burden test of nonsynonymous variants, we obtained five significant associations. These findings are preliminary and call for additional analysis of this rich sample. We argue that larger samples, alternative study designs, and additional bioinformatics approaches will be necessary to discover associations between these endophenotypes and genomic variation.
Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Scott I
SI
Vrieze
Stephen M
SM
Malone
Uma
U
Vaidyanathan
Alan
A
Kwong
Hyun Min
HM
Kang
Xiaowei
X
Zhan
Matthew
M
Flickinger
Daniel
D
Irons
Goo
G
Jun
Adam E
AE
Locke
Giorgio
G
Pistis
Eleonora
E
Porcu
Shawn
S
Levy
Richard M
RM
Myers
William
W
Oetting
Matt
M
McGue
Goncalo
G
Abecasis
William G
WG
Iacono
D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D058068:Endophenotypes; D018913:Event-Related Potentials, P300 / Q000235:genetics; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response / Q000235:genetics; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000235:genetics; D012438:Saccades / Q000235:genetics; D055139:Sensory Gating / Q000235:genetics; D014427:Twins / Q000235:genetics*
Antisaccade; EEG; Endophenotype; P300; Psychophysiology; Rare variant; Startle; Whole genome sequencing