Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) extract ameliorates gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity associated oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in rodent model.
The present investigation was designed to investigate the protective effect of (Beta vulgaris L.) beat root ethanolic extract (BVEE) on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and to elucidate the potential mechanism. Serum specific kidney function parameters (urea, uric acid, total protein, creatinine, and histopathology of kidney tissue) were evaluated to access gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. The oxidative/nitrosative stress (Lipid peroxidation, MDA, NP-SH, Catalase, and nitric oxide levels) was assessed. The inflammatory response (TNF-α, IL-6, MPO, NF-κB (p65), and NF-κB (p65) DNA binding) and apoptotic marker (Caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2) were also evaluated. BVEE (250 and 500 mg/kg) treatment along with gentamicin restored/increased the renal endogenous antioxidant status. Gentamicin-induced increased renal inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), nuclear protein expression of NF-κB (p65), NF-κB-DNA binding activity, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and nitric oxide level were significantly down regulated upon BVEE treatment. In addition, BVEE treatment significantly reduced the amount of cleaved caspase 3 and Bax, protein expression and increased the Bcl-2 protein expression. BVEE treatment also ameliorated the extent of histologic injury and reduced inflammatory infiltration in renal tubules. These findings suggest that BVEE treatment attenuates renal dysfunction and structural damage through the reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the kidney.
Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal, Aromatic & Poisonous Plants Research Center (MAPPRC), College of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 2457, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, El Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
Ali A
AA
El Gamal
Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal, Aromatic & Poisonous Plants Research Center (MAPPRC), College of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 2457, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Mansour S
MS
AlSaid
Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 2457, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammad
M
Raish
Department of Medicine and Pathology, Gastroenterology Unit, Collage of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University P.O., Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed
M
Al-Sohaibani
Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal, Aromatic & Poisonous Plants Research Center (MAPPRC), College of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 2457, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Shaza M
SM
Al-Massarani
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 2457, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Ajaz
A
Ahmad
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 2457, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Mohamed
M
Hefnawy
Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal, Aromatic & Poisonous Plants Research Center (MAPPRC), College of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 2457, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed
M
Al-Yahya
Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal, Aromatic & Poisonous Plants Research Center (MAPPRC), College of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 2457, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Omer A
OA
Basoudan
Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal, Aromatic & Poisonous Plants Research Center (MAPPRC), College of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 2457, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Syed
S
Rafatullah
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D018643:Arab World; D027461:Beta vulgaris; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000633:toxicity; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
D016207:Cytokines; D005839:Gentamicins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D010936:Plant Extracts; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase