Ligand-controlled regiodivergent nickel-catalyzed annulation of pyridones.
The 1,6-annulated 2-pyridone motif is found in many biologically active compounds and its close relation to the indolizidine and quinolizidine alkaloid core makes it an attractive building block. A nickel-catalyzed C-H functionalization of 2-pyridones and subsequent cyclization affords 1,6-annulated 2-pyridones by selective intramolecular olefin hydroarylation. The switch between the exo- and endo-cyclization modes is controlled by two complementary sets of ligands. Irrespective of the ring size, the regioselectivity during the cyclization is under full catalyst control. Simple cyclooctadiene promotes an exo-selective cyclization, whereas a bulky N-heterocyclic carbene ligand results in an endo-selective mode. The method was further applied in the synthesis of the lupin alkaloid cytisine.
Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis, EPFL SB ISIC LCSA, BCH 4305, 1015 Lausanne (Switzerland) http://isic.epfl.ch/lcsa.
Pavel A
PA
Donets
Nicolai
N
Cramer
D002384:Catalysis; D008024:Ligands; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry*; D011728:Pyridones / Q000737:chemistry*
D008024:Ligands; D011728:Pyridones; D009532:Nickel
CH activation; N-heterocyclic carbenes; cyclization; heterocycles; nickel