Loss of social resources predicts incident posttraumatic stress disorder during ongoing political violence within the Palestinian Authority.
BACKGROUND
Exposure to ongoing political violence and stressful conditions increases the risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in low-resource contexts. However, much of our understanding of the determinants of PTSD in these contexts comes from cross-sectional data. Longitudinal studies that examine factors associated with incident PTSD may be useful to the development of effective prevention interventions and the identification of those who may be most at-risk for the disorder.


METHODS
A 3-stage cluster random stratified sampling methodology was used to obtain a representative sample of 1,196 Palestinian adults living in Gaza, the West Bank and East Jerusalem. Face-to-face interviews were conducted at two time points 6-months apart. Logistic regression analyses were conducted on a restricted sample of 643 people who did not have PTSD at baseline and who completed both interviews.


RESULTS
The incidence of PTSD was 15.0 % over a 6-month period. Results of adjusted logistic regression models demonstrated that talking to friends and family about political circumstances (aOR = 0.78, p = 0.01) was protective, and female sex (aOR = 1.76, p = 0.025), threat perception of future violence (aOR = 1.50, p = 0.002), poor general health (aOR = 1.39, p = 0.005), exposure to media (aOR = 1.37, p = 0.002), and loss of social resources (aOR = 1.71, p = 0.006) were predictive of incident cases of PTSD.


CONCLUSIONS
A high incidence of PTSD was documented during a 6-month follow-up period among Palestinian residents of Gaza, the West Bank, and East Jerusalem. Interventions that promote health and increase and forestall loss to social resources could potentially reduce the onset of PTSD in communities affected by violence.
Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Macau (E21), Avenida Da Universidade, Taipa, Macau (SAR), People's Republic of China, brianhall@umac.mo.
Brian J
BJ
Hall
Sarah M
SM
Murray
Sandro
S
Galea
Daphna
D
Canetti
Stevan E
SE
Hobfoll
D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D018912:Arabs / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006295:Health Resources; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008877:Middle East; D015995:Prevalence; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult