The role of HIV-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in HIV prevention and the influence of the HIV-1 Vpu protein.
There is growing interest in the role of anti-HIV antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) antibodies in the prevention and control of HIV infection. Passive transfer studies in macaques support a role for the Fc region of antibodies in assisting in the prevention of simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection. The Thai RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial induced anti-HIV ADCC antibodies that may have played a role in the partial protection observed. Several observational studies support a role for ADCC antibodies in slowing HIV disease progression. However, HIV evolves to escape ADCC antibodies and chronic HIV infections causes dysfunction of effector cells such as natural killer (NK) cells that mediate the ADCC functions. Further, four recent studies show that the HIV-1 Vpu protein, by promoting release of virions, reduces the capacity of ADCC antibodies to recognize HIV-infected cells. The review dissects some of the recent research on HIV-specific ADCC antibodies and discusses mechanisms to further harness ADCC antibodies in the prevention and control of HIV infection.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Marit
M
Kramski
Ivan
I
Stratov
Stephen J
SJ
Kent
D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control; D000818:Animals; D000920:Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D054298:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007116:Immunization, Passive; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D051379:Mice; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D000074010:Bone Marrow Stromal Antigen 2; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins
D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D015703:Antigens, CD; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D054298:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; C094572:BST2 protein, human; D000074010:Bone Marrow Stromal Antigen 2; C514859:vpu protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins