Soybean and Fish Oil Mixture With Different ω-6/ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Ratios Modulates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Changes in Small Intestinal Intraepithelial γδT-Lymphocyte Expression in Mice.
BACKGROUND
This study investigated the effect of different ω-6/ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratios on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced changes to small intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) γδT-cell expression.


METHODS
Mice were assigned to 3 control and 3 DSS-treated groups and were maintained on a low-fat semipurified diet. One of the control (S) groups and a DSS (DS) group were provided with soybean oil; the other 2 control (Hω-3 and Lω-3) groups and 2 other DSS (DHω-3 and DLω-3) groups were fed either a soybean and fish oil mixture with a ω-6/ω-3 ratio of 2:1 or 4:1. After feeding the respective diets for 2 weeks, the DSS groups were given distilled water containing 2% DSS, and the control groups were given distilled water for 5 days. All groups were further provided distilled water 5 days for recovery, and the small intestinal IEL γδT-cell subset was isolated for analysis.


RESULTS
DSS treatment resulted in a lower small intestinal IEL γδT-cell percentage and higher messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of Reg IIIγ, keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), and complement 5a receptor (C5aR) by IEL γδT cells. Fish oil administration enhanced the proportion of small intestinal IEL γδT cells. Compared with the DLω-3 group, the DHω-3 group had lower Reg IIIγ, KGF, and C5aR mRNA expressions and higher expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ gene by small intestinal IEL γδT cells.


CONCLUSIONS
Fish oil diets with a ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio of 2:1 were more effective than those with a ratio of 4:1 in improving DSS-induced small intestinal injury, and activation of PPAR-γ in IEL γδT cells may be associated with resolution of small intestinal inflammation.
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Man-Hui
MH
Pai
School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Jun-Jen
JJ
Liu
Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Yu-Chen
YC
Hou
Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan m8707008@hotmail.com.
Chiu-Li
CL
Yeh
D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016264:Dextran Sulfate / Q000633:toxicity; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000073718:Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins; D010533:Peritoneal Lavage; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D044087:Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
C494812:Bcl2l1 protein, mouse; C491768:Ccl2 protein, mouse; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; C496454:Fgf7 protein, mouse; D005395:Fish Oils; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D047495:PPAR gamma; D000073718:Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D044087:Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a; C490255:Reg3g protein, mouse; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7; D013024:Soybean Oil; D016264:Dextran Sulfate
dextran sulfate sodium; fish oil; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor–γ; small intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte; γδT cell; ω-6/ω-3 ratio