Fish consumption and mortality in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort.
Fish is a source of important nutrients and may play a role in preventing heart diseases and other health outcomes. However, studies of overall mortality and cause-specific mortality related to fish consumption are inconclusive. We examined the rate of overall mortality, as well as mortality from ischaemic heart disease and cancer in relation to the intake of total fish, lean fish, and fatty fish in a large prospective cohort including ten European countries. More than 500,000 men and women completed a dietary questionnaire in 1992-1999 and were followed up for mortality until the end of 2010. 32,587 persons were reported dead since enrolment. Hazard ratios and their 99% confidence interval were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression models. Fish consumption was examined using quintiles based on reported consumption, using moderate fish consumption (third quintile) as reference, and as continuous variables, using increments of 10 g/day. All analyses were adjusted for possible confounders. No association was seen for fish consumption and overall or cause-specific mortality for both the categorical and the continuous analyses, but there seemed to be a U-shaped trend (p < 0.000) with fatty fish consumption and total mortality and with total fish consumption and cancer mortality (p = 0.046).
Department of Community Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsö, Norway, dagenge@online.no.
Dagrun
D
Engeset
Tonje
T
Braaten
Birgit
B
Teucher
Tilman
T
Kühn
H B
HB
Bueno-de-Mesquita
Max
M
Leenders
Antonio
A
Agudo
Manuela M
MM
Bergmann
Elisavet
E
Valanou
Androniki
A
Naska
Antonia
A
Trichopoulou
Timothy J
TJ
Key
Francesca L
FL
Crowe
Kim
K
Overvad
Emily
E
Sonestedt
Amalia
A
Mattiello
Petra H
PH
Peeters
Maria
M
Wennberg
Jan Håkan
JH
Jansson
Marie-Christine
MC
Boutron-Ruault
Laure
L
Dossus
Laureen
L
Dartois
Kuanrong
K
Li
Aurelio
A
Barricarte
Heather
H
Ward
Elio
E
Riboli
Claudia
C
Agnoli
José María
JM
Huerta
María-José
MJ
Sánchez
Rosario
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Tumino
Jone M
JM
Altzibar
Paolo
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Vineis
Giovanna
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Masala
Pietro
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Ferrari
David C
DC
Muller
Mattias
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Johansson
M
M
Luisa Redondo
Anne
A
Tjønneland
Anja
A
Olsen
Karina Standahl
KS
Olsen
Magritt
M
Brustad
Guri
G
Skeie
Eiliv
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Lund
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009752:Nutritional Status; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017747:Seafood; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3