Evaluation of the marsh deer stifle joint by imaging studies and gross anatomy.
This study aimed to evaluate the stifle joint of marsh deer using imaging studies and in comparison with gross anatomy. Ten hindlimbs from 5 marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) were used. Radiography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed in each stifle joint. Two hindlimbs were dissected to describe stifle gross anatomy. The other limbs were sectioned in sagittal, dorsal or transverse planes. In the craniocaudal radiographic view, the lateral femoral condyle was broader than the medial femoral condyle. The femoral trochlea was asymmetrical. Subsequent multiplanar reconstruction revealed in the cranial view that the external surface of the patella was roughened, the medial trochlea ridge was larger than the lateral one, and the extensor fossa at the lateral condyle was next to the lateral ridge. The popliteal fossa was better visualized via the lateral view. Sagittal MRI images identified lateral and medial menisci, caudolateral and craniomedial bundles of cranial cruciate ligament, caudal cruciate ligament, patellar ligament and common extensor tendon. In conclusion, the marsh deer stifle presents some anatomical characteristics of the ovine stifle joint.
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rubião Júnior s/n, Botucatu, SP, 18618000, Brazil.
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Shigue
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rubião Júnior s/n, Botucatu, SP, 18618000, Brazil.
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Rahal
Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rubião Júnior s/n, Botucatu, SP, 18618000, Brazil.
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Schimming
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rubião Júnior s/n, Botucatu, SP, 18618000, Brazil.
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Santos
Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rubião Júnior s/n, Botucatu, SP, 18618000, Brazil.
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Vulcano
Energy Company of São Paulo - CESP, Promissão, SP, Brazil.
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Linardi
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rubião Júnior s/n, Botucatu, SP, 18618000, Brazil.
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Teixeira
D000818:Animals; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003670:Deer; D004210:Dissection / Q000662:veterinary; D005269:Femur / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000662:veterinary*; D017847:Patellar Ligament / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013264:Stifle / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013710:Tendons / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000662:veterinary*