Spontaneous and antiviral-induced cutaneous lesions in chronic hepatitis B virus infection.
OBJECTIVE
To describe spontaneous, or interferon (IFN)- or immunization-induced skin lesions in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.


METHODS
A comprehensive literature search of all the papers presenting case reports of dermatological lesions in patients with chronic HBV infection was carried out. We included only patients with histologically proven skin lesions that appeared in the normal course of hepatitis B infection, or after immunization for hepatitis B or antiviral treatment.


RESULTS
We found 44 papers on this topic, reporting 151 cases. About 2% of patients with hepatitis B infection, mainly men, presented with skin lesions. Among patients with chronic hepatitis B, vasculitis and essential mixed cryoglobulinemia seemed to be the most frequent skin lesion (53.3%), followed by papular changes, rashes and Gianotti-Crosti syndrome, skin carcinoma and Henoch-Schönlein purpura were rare. IFN treatment seemed to be effective against HBV-associated and immunoglobulin-complex-mediated disease (vasculitis). Two cutaneous lesions (lichen planus and granuloma annulare) were described after hepatitis B vaccination. Systemic lupus and lupus-like lesions were the most frequently encountered lesions after antiviral treatment. Immunosuppressive and steroid therapy ameliorates lichen planus lesions in 50% of cases.


CONCLUSIONS
Vasculitis was the most frequent spontaneous skin lesion found in chronic hepatitis B. Lichen planus was most frequent after immunization and lupus/lupus-like lesions after IFN.
Ioana Grigorescu, Dan Lucian Dumitrascu, 2 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Ioana
I
Grigorescu
Ioana Grigorescu, Dan Lucian Dumitrascu, 2 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Dan Lucian
DL
Dumitrascu
D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003449:Cryoglobulinemia / Q000821:virology; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization / Q000009:adverse effects; D007372:Interferons / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008010:Lichen Planus / Q000139:chemically induced; D012307:Risk Factors; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology*; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000821:virology
D000998:Antiviral Agents; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D007372:Interferons
Adverse effects; Hepatitis B; Immunization; Skin diseases