Illuminating HIV gp120-Ligand Recognition through Computationally-Driven Optimization of Antibody-Recruiting Molecules.
Here we report on the structure-based optimization of antibody-recruiting molecules targeting HIV gp120 (ARM-H). These studies have leveraged a combination of medicinal chemistry, biochemical and cellular assay analysis, and computation. Our findings have afforded an optimized analog of ARM-H, which is ~1000 fold more potent in gp120-binding and MT-2 antiviral assays than our previously reported derivative. Furthermore, computational analysis, taken together with experimental data, provides evidence that azaindole- and indole-based attachment inhibitors bind gp120 at an accessory hydrophobic pocket beneath the CD4-binding site and can also adopt multiple unique binding modes in interacting with gp120. These results are likely to prove highly enabling in the development of novel HIV attachment inhibitors, and more broadly, they suggest novel applications for ARMs as probes of conformationally flexible systems.
Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.
Christopher G
CG
Parker
Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.
Markus K
MK
Dahlgren
Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.
Ran N
RN
Tao
Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.
Don T
DT
Li
Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.
Eugene F
EF
Douglass
Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.
Takuji
T
Shoda
Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.
Navneet
N
Jawanda
Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.
Krasimir A
KA
Spasov
Bristol-Myers Squibb, Research and Development, Wallingford, CT 06492.
Sangil
S
Lee
Bristol-Myers Squibb, Research and Development, Wallingford, CT 06492.
Nannan
N
Zhou
Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.
Robert A
RA
Domaoal
Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.
Richard E
RE
Sutton
Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510 ; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.
Karen S
KS
Anderson
Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.
William L
WL
Jorgensen
Bristol-Myers Squibb, Research and Development, Wallingford, CT 06492.
Mark
M
Krystal
Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 ; Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.
David A
DA
Spiegel