title: 3.0 Tesla breast magnetic resonance imaging in patients with nipple discharge when mammography and ultrasound fail.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare 3.0 Tesla breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with galactography for detection of benign and malignant causes of nipple discharge in patients with negative mammography and ultrasound.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively evaluated 56 breasts of 50 consecutive patients with nipple discharge who had inconspicuous mammography and ultrasound, using 3.0 Tesla breast MRI with a dedicated 16-channel breast coil, and then compared the results with galactography. Histopathological diagnoses and follow-ups were used as reference standard. Lesion size estimated on MRI was compared with the size at histopathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sensitivity and specificity of MRI vs. galactography for detecting pathologic findings were 95.7 % vs. 85.7 % and 69.7 % vs. 33.3 %, respectively. For the supposed concrete pathology based on MRI findings, the specificity was 67.6 % and the sensitivity 77.3 % (PPV 60.7 %, NPV 82.1 %). Eight malignant lesions were detected (14.8 %). The estimated size at breast MRI showed excellent correlation with the size at histopathology (Pearson's correlation coefficient 0.95, p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRI of the breast at 3.0 Tesla is an accurate imaging test and can replace galactography in the workup of nipple discharge in patients with inconspicuous mammography and ultrasound.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • Breast MRI is an excellent diagnostic tool for patients with nipple discharge. • MRI of the breast reveals malignant lesions despite inconspicuous mammography and ultrasound. • MRI of the breast has greater sensitivity and specificity than galactography. • Excellent correlation of lesion size measured at MRI and histopathology was found.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Strasse 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Nóra
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lubina
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schedelbeck
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: Andreas Max
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Geissinger
authors.forename: Arnd
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hönig
authors.forename: Dietbert
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: Thorsten Alexander
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Bley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008327:Mammography; D008875:Middle Aged; D055966:Nipple Aspirate Fluid; D009558:Nipples / Q000473:pathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary