title: Divergent innervation of the olfactory bulb by distinct raphe nuclei.
abstract: The raphe nuclei provide serotonergic innervation widely in the brain, thought to mediate a variety of neuromodulatory effects. The mammalian olfactory bulb (OB) is a prominent recipient of serotonergic fibers, particularly in the glomerular layer (GL), where they are thought to gate incoming signals from the olfactory nerve. The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and the median raphe nucleus (MRN) are known to densely innervate the OB. The majority of such projections are thought to terminate in the GL, but this has not been explicitly tested. We sought to investigate this using recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV)-mediated expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-synaptophysin targeted specifically to neurons of the DRN or the MRN. With DRN injections, labeled fibers were found mostly in the granule cell layer (GCL), not the GL. Conversely, dense labeling in the GL was observed with MRN injections, suggesting that the source of GL innervation is the MRN, not the DRN, as previously thought. The two raphe nuclei thus give dual innervation within the OB, with distinct innervation patterns.
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Neurophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany; Champalimaud Centre for Neuroscience, Lisbon, 1400-038, Portugal.
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Steinfeld
authors.forename: Jan T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Herb
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sprengel
authors.forename: Andreas T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fukunaga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000229:Dependovirus / Q000235:genetics; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism; D056347:Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Techniques; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011903:Raphe Nuclei / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000378:metabolism; D059326:Serotonergic Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism; D016708:Synaptophysin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016708:Synaptophysin; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D012701:Serotonin
keywords: AB_1142794; RRIDs: AB_300798; nlx_153890; quantitative image analysis; rAAV