title: Optimization of pyrethroid and repellent on fabrics against Stegomyia albopicta (=Aedes albopictus) using a microencapsulation technique.
abstract: A new approach employing a combination of pyrethroid and repellent is proposed to improve the protective efficacy of conventional pyrethroid-treated fabrics against mosquito vectors. In this context, the insecticidal and repellent efficacies of commonly used pyrethroids and repellents were evaluated by cone tests and arm-in-cage tests against Stegomyia albopicta (=Aedes albopictus) (Diptera: Culicidae). At concentrations of LD50 (estimated for pyrethroid) or ED50 (estimated for repellent), respectively, the knock-down effects of the pyrethroids or repellents were further compared. The results obtained indicated that deltamethrin and DEET were relatively more effective and thus these were selected for further study. Synergistic interaction was observed between deltamethrin and DEET at the ratios of 5 : 1, 2 : 1, 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 (but not 1 : 5). An optimal mixing ratio of 7 : 5 was then microencapsulated and adhered to fabrics using a fixing agent. Fabrics impregnated by microencapsulated mixtures gained extended washing durability compared with those treated with a conventional dipping method. Results indicated that this approach represents a promising method for the future impregnation of bednet, curtain and combat uniform materials.
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: T-T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: L-K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J-L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Y-Z
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: J-H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: G-N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003020:Clothing; D009033:Culicidae / Q000187:drug effects; D003671:DEET; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods*; D007302:Insect Repellents; D007306:Insecticides; D007846:Laundering; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D009570:Nitriles; D026023:Permethrin; D010880:Piperidines; D011422:Propionates; D011722:Pyrethrins
chemical_list: D007302:Insect Repellents; D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D010880:Piperidines; D011422:Propionates; D011722:Pyrethrins; D003671:DEET; C017180:decamethrin; D026023:Permethrin; C462400:ethyl-3-(N-n-butyl-N-acetyl)aminopropionate; C483506:picaridin; C037304:cyhalothrin
keywords: DEET; Stegomyia albopicta (=Aedes albopictus); deltamethrin; finishing; optimized mixing ratio; synergistic interaction; washing durability