title: Jurassic surgery and immunity enhancement by alkyglycerols of shark liver oil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Shark liver oil (SLO) contains both alkylglycerols (AKG) and squalene and is an ancient remedy among the fishermen on the west coast of Norway and Sweden. Literature reports showed that alkyglycerols enhance Fc-receptor mediated phagocytosis, increase humoral immune response and delay hypersensitivity reactions.
  
  
  METHODS
  On this background we performed an open spontaneous study on 40 very old aged surgical patients preoperatively treated with alkyglycerols (500 mg twice a day for 4 weeks), in order to reduce the risks of operation, counteracting the postoperative inflammatory and anergic conditions thus achieving quick and plain recovery. To better understand the possible therapeutic impact of alkyglycerols we compared on a case/control basis treated versus untreated patients submitted contemporarily to the identical operation and exposed to the same environmental and seasonal risks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The onset of complications was reduced in the alkyglycerols treated group and the compliance to the natural treatment was excellent without any serious adverse effect. WBC count and IgG significant increase (respectively p <0.05 and p <0.001) might explain some sort of protection against infectious agents and wound repair adverse events. Also lymphocytes concentration significantly increased in the AKG treated group (p <0.001) whereas a slight decrease was observed in the control group. Conversely neutrophils significantly decreased in the AKG treated group (p <0.001) meaning that patients have no more infections and have re-established their physiologic state. However a significant increase was observed in the control group (p <0.05). CRP significantly decreased in the group receiving AKG (p <0.05), thus evidencing a slight antiinflammtory effect of the product. Also ESR decreased from a baseline in the group receiving AKG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion we suggest the opportunity to introduce this nutraceutical product in dosages of 500 mg twice a day to very old people before surgical treatment for an effective modulation of leukocytes and soluble immune reactivity according with the shark liver oil consumption trend in the northern Europe countries folk medicine. For this reason it might be advisable a wider study on a substantially bigger patients cohort focused on the complication rate prevention or control.
authors.forename: Beniamino
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Palmieri
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pennelli
authors.affiliation: Poliambulatorio del Secondo Parere, viale Reiter 14, Modena 41125, Italy. alessandro811@hotmail.it.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Cerbo
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005989:Glycerides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D012754:Sharks; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative
chemical_list: D005395:Fish Oils; D005989:Glycerides; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D002097:C-Reactive Protein