title: Lidocaine potentiates the deleterious effects of triamcinolone acetonide on tenocytes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Local anesthetics are commonly used for the treatment of a variety of tendinopathies in combination with corticosteroids injection. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of lidocaine and triamcinolone acetonide (TA) on cultured rat tenocytes and to determine whether there is a synergistic effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat patellar tendon-derived tenocytes were cultured with or without TA and lidocaine, and the culture without any additive served as the control. Cell morphology and cell viability were evaluated. Expressions of tenocyte-related genes were measured by qRT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TA, when exposed to tenocytes in vitro, significantly decreased cell viability. The cells cultured with TA had a flattened shape. Moreover, the expressions of tenocyte-related genes in tenocytes were markedly decreased in the TA-treated group. We found that 1% lidocaine synergistically increased the deleterious effects of TA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data provide evidence of the detrimental effects of these drugs on tendon tissues. Injection of TA in combination with 1% lidocaine should be used with caution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Shu-long
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Yu-bo
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Zhi-tao
authors.initials: ZT
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Zhao-zhu
authors.initials: ZZ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Da-peng
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013710:Tendons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D008012:Lidocaine; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide