title: Resistance status of the carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus and the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae to selected acaricides on strawberries.
abstract: The carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) and the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, are serious pests of strawberries and many other horticultural crops. Control of these pests has been heavily dependent upon chemical acaricides. Objectives of this study were to determine the resistance status of these two pest species to commonly used acaricides on strawberries in a year-round intensive horticultural production region. LC90 of abamectin for adult carmine spider mites was 4% whereas that for adult twospotted spider mites was 24% of the top label rate. LC90s of spiromesifen, etoxazole, hexythiazox and bifenazate were 0.5%, 0.5%, 1.4% and 83% of their respective highest label rates for carmine spider mite eggs, 0.7%, 2.7%, 12.1% and 347% of their respective highest label rates for the nymphs. LC90s of spiromesifen, etoxazole, hexythiazox and bifenazate were 4.6%, 11.1%, 310% and 62% of their respective highest label rates for twospotted spider mite eggs, 3%, 13%, 432,214% and 15% of their respective highest label rates for the nymphs. Our results suggest that T. cinnabarinus have developed resistance to bifenazate and that the T. urticae have developed resistance to hexythiazox. These results strongly emphasize the need to develop resistance management strategies in the region.
authors.affiliation: University of California Cooperative Extension, Salinas, California, USA.
authors.forename: Jian-Long
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: Modern Agricultural Research Center, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
authors.forename: Zi-Mian
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Modern Agricultural Research Center, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA.
authors.forename: Nick C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Toscano
mesh_terms: D056810:Acaricides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000187:drug effects*; D031985:Fragaria; D040102:Tetranychidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D056810:Acaricides
keywords: acaricides; carmine spider mite; strawberries; twospotted spider mite