title: Chemical analysis and in vitro antiviral and antifungal activities of essential oils from Glechon spathulata and Glechon marifolia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glechon spathulata Benth. and Glechon marifolia Benth. (Lamiaceae, Mentheae) are aromatic plants used in traditional medicine for the treatment of viral infections.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The chemical composition and antiviral and antifungal activities of Glechon spathulata and Glechon marifolia essential oils were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Anti-herpes virus (HSV-1) activity was examined in Vero cells by yield reduction assay, in doses of 0.0095% v/v and 0.039% v/v, for G. spathulata and G. marifolia oil, respectively. Antifungal activity was carried by the broth microdilution method, in oil concentrations that ranged from 5.2 to 500 µg/mL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  β-Caryophyllene (14.2% and 32.2% for G. spathulata and G. marifolia, respectively) and bicyclogermacrene (17.1% and 16.5%, respectively) were the major components of both oils. At noncytotoxic concentrations of the essential oils, the viral titer was reduced by up to 2 log10 for KOS and VR-733 strains. The antifungal activity was observed against Trichophyton rubrum (MIC 10-83 µg/mL) and Epidermophyton floccosum (MIC 83-500 µg/mL). The oil of G. spathulata exhibited activity against the three strains tested (KOS, VR733, and 29-R), whereas G. marifolia oil was active against two strains, KOS and VR733.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The chemical composition for G. spathulata and G. marifolia essential oils is very similar. The oil of G. spathulata can be promising as a new antifungal agent against dermatophytes. The findings add important information to the biological activity of Glechon species essential oils, specifically its antiviral and antidermatophytic properties.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre , Brasil .
authors.forename: Caroline R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Venturi
authors.forename: Leticia J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Danielli
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Miriam A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Apel
authors.forename: Jarbas A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Montanha
authors.forename: Sérgio A L
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bordignon
authors.forename: Paulo M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Roehe
authors.forename: Alexandre M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fuentefria
authors.forename: Amélia T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Henriques
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D019686:Lamiaceae; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile
keywords: anti-herpes virus activity; antidermatophytic activity; bicyclogermacrene; lamiaceae; α-Humulene; β-caryophyllene