title: Effects of supplementary composts on microbial communities and rice productivity in cold water paddy fields.
abstract: Cold water paddy field soils are relatively unproductive, but can be ameliorated by supplementing with inorganic fertilizer from animal waste-based composts. The yield of two rice cultivars was significantly raised by providing either chicken manure or cow dung-based compost. The application of these composts raised the soil pH as well as both the total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content, which improved the soil's fertility and raised its nitrification potential. The composts had a measurable effect on the abundance of nitrogencycling- related soil microbes, as measured by estimating the copy number of various bacterial and archaeal genes using quantitative real-time PCR. The abundance of ammonia oxidizing archaea and bacteria was markedly encouraged by the application of chicken manure-based compost. Supplementation with the composts helped promote the availability of soil nitrogen in the cold water paddy field, thereby improving the soil's productivity and increasing the yield of the rice crop.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China.|Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China.|Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Kaizhi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China.|Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China.|Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Peizhi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China.|Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China.|Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shaohai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China.|Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China.|Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yusheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China.|Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China.|Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ruiping
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China.|Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China.|Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wenjie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China.|Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China.|Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wenying
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China.|Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China.|Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001709:Biotechnology; D003080:Cold Temperature; D060587:Groundwater; D058465:Nitrification; D012275:Oryza; D012988:Soil Microbiology