title: Porcelain laminate veneers: Clinical survey for evaluation of failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association of the failure of porcelain laminate veneers with factors related to the patient, material, and operator.
  
  
  METHODS
  This clinical survey involved 29 patients (19 women and 10 men) and their dentists, including undergraduate and postgraduate dental students and dental interns. Two questionnaires were distributed to collect information from participants. All patients were clinically examined. Criteria for failure of the porcelain laminate veneers included color change, cracking, fracture, and/or debonding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 205 porcelain laminate veneers were evaluated. All of the restorations were fabricated from IPS e.max Press and cemented with Variolink Veneer (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Principality of Liechtenstein) or RelyX veneer cement (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA). The preparations were generally located in enamel (58.6%), and most veneers had an overlapped design (89.7%). Ten patients (34.48%) showed veneer failure, most often in terms of color change (60%). Overall, 82.8% of patients were satisfied with their restorations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insufficient clinical skills or operator experience resulted in restoration failure in one-third of patients.
authors.affiliation: College of Dentistry, Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy, P.O. Box 84891, Riyadh 11681, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Diemah F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Alhekeir
authors.affiliation: College of Dentistry, Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy, P.O. Box 84891, Riyadh 11681, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Rana A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Al-Sarhan
authors.affiliation: Prince AbdulRahman Advanced Dental Institute, P.O. Box 16902, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdulmohsen F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Al Mashaan
keywords: Color change; Debonding; Overlapped design; Porcelain laminate veneer; Sensitivity; Window design