title: Interleukin 1B gene (IL1B) variation and internalizing symptoms in maltreated preschoolers.
abstract: Evidence now implicates inflammatory proteins in the neurobiology of internalizing disorders. Genetic factors may influence individual responses to maltreatment; however, little work has examined inflammatory genetic variants in adults and none in children. The present study examined the role of an interleukin 1B gene (IL1B) variant in preschoolers exposed to maltreatment and other forms of adversity in internalizing symptom development. One hundred ninety-eight families were enrolled, with one child (age 3-5 years) from each family. Adversity measures included child protective service documentation of moderate-severe maltreatment in the last 6 months and interview-assessed contextual stressors. Internalizing symptoms were measured using the Child Behavior Checklist and the Diagnostic Infant and Preschool Assessment. Maltreated children had higher major depressive disorder (MDD) and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and marginally higher internalizing symptoms on the Child Behavior Checklist. Controlling for age, sex, and race, IL1B genotype was associated with MDD symptoms (p = .002). Contextual stressors were significantly associated with MDD and posttraumatic stress disorder and marginally with internalizing symptoms. The IL1B genotype interacted with contextual stress such that children homozygous for the minor allele had more MDD symptoms (p = .045). These results suggest that genetic variants of IL1B may modulate the development of internalizing symptoms in the face of childhood adversity.
authors.affiliation: Butler Hospital Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience.
authors.forename: Kathryn K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Ridout
authors.affiliation: Alpert Medical School of Brown University.
authors.forename: Stephanie H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Parade
authors.affiliation: Alpert Medical School of Brown University.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seifer
authors.affiliation: Butler Hospital Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience.
authors.forename: Lawrence H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Price
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gelernter
authors.affiliation: E. P. Bradley Hospital Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center.
authors.forename: Paloma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Feliz
authors.affiliation: Butler Hospital Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience.
authors.forename: Audrey R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Tyrka
mesh_terms: D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics*; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C508585:IL1B protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta