title: A more accurate soft-tissue prediction model for Class III 2-jaw surgeries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of bimaxillary surgeries to treat Class III malocclusions makes the results of the surgeries more complicated to estimate accurately. Therefore, our objective was to develop an accurate soft-tissue prediction model that can be universally applied to Class III surgical-orthodontic patients regardless of the type of surgical correction: maxillary or mandibular surgery with or without genioplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects of this study consisted of 204 mandibular setback patients who had undergone the combined surgical-orthodontic correction of severe skeletal Class III malocclusions. Among them, 133 patients had maxillary surgeries, and 81 patients received genioplasties. The prediction model included 226 independent and 64 dependent variables. Two prediction methods, the conventional ordinary least squares method and the partial least squares (PLS) method, were compared. When evaluating the prediction methods, the actual surgical outcome was the gold standard. After fitting the equations, test errors were calculated in absolute values and root mean square values through the leave-1-out cross-validation method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The validation result demonstrated that the multivariate PLS prediction model with 30 orthogonal components showed the best prediction quality among others. With the PLS method, the pattern of prediction errors between 1-jaw and 2-jaw surgeries did not show a significantly difference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The multivariate PLS prediction model based on about 30 latent variables might provide an improved algorithm in predicting surgical outcomes after 1-jaw and 2-jaw surgical corrections for Class III patients.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yun-Sik
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Yeon
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.affiliation: Professor and chair, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. Electronic address: nonext@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Shin-Jae
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Clinical assistant professor, Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla.
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Donatelli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000465:Algorithms; D059925:Anatomic Landmarks / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D063172:Genioplasty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008297:Male; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000601:surgery*; D063168:Mandibular Osteotomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019340:Osteotomy, Le Fort / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D057887:Overbite / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult