title: Mild gestational diabetes mellitus and long-term child health.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether treatment of mild gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) confers sustained offspring health benefits, including a lower frequency of obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Follow-up study of children (ages 5-10) of women enrolled in a multicenter trial of treatment versus no treatment of mild GDM. Height, weight, blood pressure, waist circumference, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five hundred of 905 eligible offspring (55%) were enrolled. Maternal baseline characteristics were similar between the follow-up treated and untreated groups. The frequencies of BMI ≥95th (20.8% and 22.9%) and 85th (32.6% and 38.6%) percentiles were not significantly different in treated versus untreated offspring (P = 0.69 and P = 0.26). No associations were observed for BMI z score, log waist circumference, log triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, blood pressure, or log HOMA-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The effect of treatment was different by sex for fasting glucose and log HOMA-IR (P for interaction = 0.002 and 0.02, respectively) but not by age-group (5-6 and 7-10 years) for any outcomes. Female offspring of treated women had significantly lower fasting glucose levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although treatment for mild GDM has been associated with neonatal benefits, no reduction in childhood obesity or metabolic dysfunction in the offspring of treated women was found. However, only female offspring of women treated for mild GDM had lower fasting glucose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH mark.landon@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: Mark B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Landon
authors.affiliation: George Washington University Biostatistics Center, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: Madeline Murguia
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT.
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Varner
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Casey
authors.affiliation: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD.
authors.forename: Uma M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Ronald J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wapner
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brown University, Providence, RI.
authors.forename: Dwight J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Rouse
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Biggio
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Thorp
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Case Western Reserve University-MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH.
authors.forename: Edward K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Saade
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Alan M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Peaceman
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Sean C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Blackwell
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
authors.forename: J Peter
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: VanDorsten
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012737:Sex Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides