title: Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPARγ2 gene interacts with a mediterranean diet to prevent telomere shortening in the PREDIMED-NAVARRA randomized trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The gene variant Pro/Ala (rs1801282) in the PPARγ2 has been associated with lower cardiovascular risk and greater benefit from lifestyle interventions. This polymorphism also seems to be associated with longer lifespan, but no information on telomere length (TL) is available. Our aim was to study the association between the Ala allele and changes in TL in high cardiovascular risk subjects and the potential interaction with a Mediterranean dietary pattern.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 521 subjects (55-80 years) participating in the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea randomized trial were genotyped. Changes in TL, measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), were assessed over 5 years of a nutritional intervention, which promoted adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeDiet). Interestingly, Ala carriers showed lower telomere shortening after 5 years compared with the Pro/Pro genotype (P=0.031). This association was modulated by MeDiet because those Ala carriers who reported better conformity to the MeDiet exhibited increased TL (P<0.001). Moreover, a reduction in carbohydrate intake (≤9.5 g/d) resulted in increased TL among Ala carriers. Notably, an apparent gene-diet interaction was found through the observed changes in the MUFA+PUFA/carbohydrates ratio: as this ratio increased, TL lengthening was detected to a greater extent in the Ala carriers compared with the Pro/Pro subjects (P for interaction <0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Pro12Ala polymorphism is associated with TL homeostasis after 5 years follow-up in subjects at high cardiovascular risk. In addition, a higher adherence to the MeDiet pattern strengthens the prevention of telomere shortening among Ala carriers.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  www.controlled-trials.com; Unique Identifier: ISRCTN35739639.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology (S.G.-C., J.A.M., A.M.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health (M.A.M.-G., C.R.), Centre for Nutrition Research (J.A.M.), and Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (G.Z.), University of Navarra, Pamplona; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (M.A.M.-G., D.C., J.S.-S., J.A.M., A.M.); Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia (D.C.); and Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S.).
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: García-Calzón
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology (S.G.-C., J.A.M., A.M.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health (M.A.M.-G., C.R.), Centre for Nutrition Research (J.A.M.), and Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (G.Z.), University of Navarra, Pamplona; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (M.A.M.-G., D.C., J.S.-S., J.A.M., A.M.); Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia (D.C.); and Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S.).
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martínez-González
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology (S.G.-C., J.A.M., A.M.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health (M.A.M.-G., C.R.), Centre for Nutrition Research (J.A.M.), and Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (G.Z.), University of Navarra, Pamplona; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (M.A.M.-G., D.C., J.S.-S., J.A.M., A.M.); Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia (D.C.); and Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S.).
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Razquin
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology (S.G.-C., J.A.M., A.M.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health (M.A.M.-G., C.R.), Centre for Nutrition Research (J.A.M.), and Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (G.Z.), University of Navarra, Pamplona; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (M.A.M.-G., D.C., J.S.-S., J.A.M., A.M.); Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia (D.C.); and Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S.).
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Corella
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology (S.G.-C., J.A.M., A.M.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health (M.A.M.-G., C.R.), Centre for Nutrition Research (J.A.M.), and Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (G.Z.), University of Navarra, Pamplona; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (M.A.M.-G., D.C., J.S.-S., J.A.M., A.M.); Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia (D.C.); and Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S.).
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salas-Salvadó
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology (S.G.-C., J.A.M., A.M.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health (M.A.M.-G., C.R.), Centre for Nutrition Research (J.A.M.), and Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (G.Z.), University of Navarra, Pamplona; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (M.A.M.-G., D.C., J.S.-S., J.A.M., A.M.); Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia (D.C.); and Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S.).
authors.forename: J Alfredo
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology (S.G.-C., J.A.M., A.M.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health (M.A.M.-G., C.R.), Centre for Nutrition Research (J.A.M.), and Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (G.Z.), University of Navarra, Pamplona; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (M.A.M.-G., D.C., J.S.-S., J.A.M., A.M.); Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia (D.C.); and Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S.).
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zalba
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology (S.G.-C., J.A.M., A.M.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health (M.A.M.-G., C.R.), Centre for Nutrition Research (J.A.M.), and Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (G.Z.), University of Navarra, Pamplona; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (M.A.M.-G., D.C., J.S.-S., J.A.M., A.M.); Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia (D.C.); and Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S.). amarti@unav.es.
authors.forename: Amelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marti
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008136:Longevity / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D059505:Telomere Homeostasis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D047495:PPAR gamma
keywords: diet; genetic polymorphism; nutrigenomics; telomere