title: Carotenoid-cleavage activities of crude enzymes from Pandanous amryllifolius.
abstract: Carotenoid degradation products, known as norisoprenoids, are aroma-impact compounds in several plants. Pandan wangi is a common name of the shrub Pandanus amaryllifolius. The genus name 'Pandanus' is derived from the Indonesian name of the tree, pandan. In Indonesia, the leaves from the plant are used for several purposes, e.g., as natural colorants and flavor, and as traditional treatments. The aim of this study was to determine the cleavage of β-carotene and β-apo-8'-carotenal by carotenoid-cleavage enzymes isolated from pandan leaves, to investigate dependencies of the enzymatic activities on temperature and pH, to determine the enzymatic reaction products by using Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrophotometry (HS-SPME GC/MS), and to investigate the influence of heat treatment and addition of crude enzyme on formation of norisoprenoids. Crude enzymes from pandan leaves showed higher activity against β-carotene than β-apo-8'-carotenal. The optimum temperature of crude enzymes was 70°, while the optimum pH value was 6. We identified β-ionone as the major volatile reaction product from the incubations of two different carotenoid substrates, β-carotene and β-apo-8'-carotenal. Several treatments, e.g., heat treatment and addition of crude enzymes in pandan leaves contributed to the norisoprenoid content. Our findings revealed that the crude enzymes from pandan leaves with carotenoid-cleavage activity might provide a potential application, especially for biocatalysis, in natural-flavor industry.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, AT-1190 Vienna (phone: +43-6764770497); Department of Food Science and Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Jalan Flora No. 1, Bulak Sumur, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Andriati
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ningrum
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schreiner
mesh_terms: D002338:Carotenoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004798:Enzymes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D015394:Molecular Structure; D031673:Pandanaceae / Q000201:enzymology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000201:enzymology*; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002338:Carotenoids
keywords: Carotenoids; Enzymes; Norisoprenoids; Pandanous amryllifolius