title: Actual proliferating index in oral squamous cell carcinoma and leukoplakia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the possible association between epithelial proliferation and disease progression in the oral mucosa using the actual proliferation index.
  
  
  METHODS
  The actual proliferation index was measured by the Ki-67 labeling index and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region count per nucleus. Immunohistochemistry was carried out for Ki-67 by using the molecular immunology borstel-1 clone in 20 leukoplakias, 20 oral squamous cell carcinomas, and 10 normal oral mucosae.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region count per nucleus, Ki-67 labeling index, and actual proliferation index were significantly higher in oral squamous cell carcinoma, followed by leukoplakia and normal oral mucosa. Leukoplakia with dysplasia showed a significantly higher Ki-67 labeling index and actual proliferation index, compared to leukoplakia without dysphasia. There was a significant correlation of Bryne's histological malignancy grading with the argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region count and the Ki-67 labeling index. There was a significant positive correlation between the argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region count and the Ki-67 labeling index among all groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leukoplakia or suspected epithelial dysplasia should be stained for argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions and Ki-67. The actual proliferation index is not only useful as a prognostic factor, but could also be a promising treatment determining modality for patients with premalignant and malignant lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Jamanlal Goenka Dental College and Hospital, Akola, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Abhay R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Chandak
authors.forename: Amol Ramchandra
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Gadbail
authors.forename: Minal S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.forename: Shweta A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Chandak
authors.forename: Ritesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wadhwani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000473:pathology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018450:Disease Progression; D004848:Epithelium / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D007972:Leukoplakia, Oral / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009697:Nucleolus Organizer Region / Q000473:pathology; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000473:pathology; D016622:Silver Staining; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019394:Ki-67 Antigen
keywords: Ki-67 labeling index; actual proliferation index; argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region count; oral premalignant lesion; oral squamous cell carcinoma