title: Partial least squares regression as a powerful tool for investigating large combinatorial polymer libraries.
abstract: Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression is an established analytical tool in surface science, particularly for relating multivariate ToF-SIMS data to a univariate surface property. Herein we construct a PLS model using ToF-SIMS and surface energy data from a 496 copolymer micro-patterned library. Using this 496 copolymer library we investigate how changing the number of samples used to construct the PLS model affects the identity of the most influential ions identified in the regression vector. The regression coefficients vary in magnitude, but the general relationship between ion structure and surface energy is maintained. As expected, if copolymers containing monomers with unique chemistries are removed from the training set, secondary ions specific to these copolymers are not present in the regression vector. The use of PLS to obtain quantitative predictions has not been actively explored in the surface analytical field. We investigate whether the PLS model obtained can be used to predict the surface energies of polymers within and outside of the training set. The model systematically underestimated the surface energy of a group of acrylate copolymers synthesised using monomers common to the training set, but in different compositions. The predictions for a group of acrylate copolymers that were synthesised from monomers not used in the training set were very poor. When the model was used to obtain predictions for six commercially available polymers the values obtained were all close to the mean surface energy of the training set. This exercise suggests that PLS may be able to predict the surface energy of polymers synthesised from monomers common to the training set, confirming the importance that the training set reflects the chemistry of the samples to be predicted.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Urquhart
authors.affiliation: David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 45 Carleton Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 45 Carleton Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Langer
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
authors.forename: Martyn C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
authors.forename: Morgan R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Alexander
keywords: contact angle; high throughput; microarray; partial least squares; polymer; surface energy