title: Wogonin modulates hydroperoxide-induced apoptosis via PI3K/Akt pathway in retinal pigment epithelium cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidative stress causes the defects of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells that contribute to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study was conducted to determine whether wogonin could prevent H2O2-induced oxidative stress in RPE cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  A RPE cell line, ARPE-19, was obtained for the cell model. ARPE-19 cells were pre-treated with various concentrations of wogonin for 24 h before being exposed to H2O2 for 2 h to induce oxidative stress. Cell metabolic activity was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cellular apoptosis was quantified by the flow cytometry. Protein level was assed by western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The RPE cells exposed to to 200 mM H2O2 demonstrated a significant depression in the cell viability; whereas pre-treatment with 50 and 100 mmol/l wogonin could significantly improve the cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. The proportion of PI-positive cells was increased significantly in RPE cells treated with H2O2 alone; whereas pretreatment with 100 mM wogonin significantly reduced H2O2 -induced RPE cell death rate. In protein level, the wogonin use could reduce the level of p-Akt significantly and this is the possible mechanism of the antioxidant effect of wogonin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study showed that wogonin pre-treatment can protect RPE cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis. This suggests potential effect of wogonin in the prevention of retinal diseases associated with H2O2-induced oxidative stress such as AMD.
  The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/13000_2014_154.
authors.affiliation: Clinical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China. kkh20133@163.com.|Central Hospital, Shandong Province, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China. kkh20133@163.com.
authors.forename: Tingqin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China. yanyanqin2@163.com.
authors.forename: Hongsheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China. kkh20132@163.com.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D044950:Flavanones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D058539:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D055213:Retinal Pigment Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D044950:Flavanones; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D058539:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; C085514:wogonin