title: Recourse to radical prostatectomy and associated short-term outcomes in Italy: a country-wide study over the last decade.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate time trends in the recourse to radical prostatectomy (RP) and associated short-term outcomes after RP in Italy, as population-based data on RP adoption and outcomes are available mainly from Northern America and Northern Europe.
  
  
  METHODS
  All RPs for prostate cancer performed between 2001 and 2010 were extracted from the Italian national archive of hospital discharge records. Age-specific and age-standardised RP rates were computed. The effect of procedural volume on in-hospital mortality, complications, and length of stay (LOS) was estimated by multilevel regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 144,432 RPs were analysed. Country-wide RP rates increased between 2001 and 2004, and thereafter remained stable, with large differences between geographical areas. The mean hospital volume increased in the first study years, without centralisation but due to increasing RP numbers at the population level. The median LOS declined from 10 to 8 days over the study period (mean from 11.7 to 9.2 days). In-hospital mortality declined from 0.16% in 2001 to 0.07% in 2010. In-hospital mortality, LOS, and the prevalence of complications increased with age, and decreased with year of surgery. Compared with very low-volume hospitals, procedures performed in high-volume hospitals were associated with decreased in-hospital mortality, in-hospital complications, and LOS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study adds evidence on rapidly changing trends in RP rates in Italy, on improving in-hospital outcomes, and on their association with procedural volume.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Urology Clinic, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Novara
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences, Urologic Clinic, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ficarra
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Urology Clinic, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Filiberto
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zattoni
authors.affiliation: Epidemiological Department, Veneto Region, Italy.
authors.forename: Ugo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Fedeli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Italy; case-load; prostate cancer; radical prostatectomy; volume