title: Hydrogen sulfide reduces inflammation following abdominal aortic occlusion in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Remote renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) following infra-renal aortic occlusion leads to acute kidney injury and systemic inflammation. Hydrogen sulfide is a mediator of IRI and can ameliorate tissue injury in many organ systems. Its role in vascular surgery has yet to be established. We assessed the role of hydrogen sulfide in a rodent model of aortic occlusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar rats were divided into sham, control, and treatment groups (n = 6). Inflammation was assessed using a nonrecovery protocol. The infra-renal aorta was cross-clamped for 60 min and animals were reperfused for 120 min. Ten minutes before clamp release, treatment animals received hydrogen sulfide (10, 30, or 50 μg/kg) and control animals received 0.9% saline injected into the retroperitoneum. Renal injury and histology were assessed by a recovery protocol. The procedure was identical to the nonrecovery arm but with a single dose of hydrogen sulfide (30 μg/kg) and animals were recovered for 7 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in animal weight between the groups (P = 0.337). In the nonrecovery arm, there was a reduction in serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha in sulfide-treated animals compared with controls (909 ± 98 vs. 607 ± 159 pg/mL; P = 0.0038). There was also a reduction in myeloperoxidase-positive cells in renal tissue in the sulfide-treated animals compared with controls (8 ± 4 vs. 17 ± 9; P = 0.03). There was no difference in histological injury score or endothelin-1 levels. In the recovery arm, there was no difference in renal function, Kidney Injury Molecule-1 levels, or histological injury scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hydrogen sulfide has systemic and renal anti-inflammatory effects in remote IRI following aortic occlusion in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK. Electronic address: jhunter@doctors.net.uk.
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hosgood
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: Meeta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Histopathology, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Furness
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Sayers
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Nicholson
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000601:surgery; D003250:Constriction; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D052096:Warm Ischemia
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide