title: Untargeted profiling of urinary steroid metabolites after testosterone ingestion: opening new perspectives for antidoping testing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Antidoping procedures are expected to greatly benefit from untargeted metabolomic approaches through the discovery of new biomarkers of prohibited substances abuse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endogenous steroid metabolites were monitored in urine samples from a controlled elimination study of testosterone undecanoate after ingestion. A platform coupling ultra-high pressure LC with high-resolution quadrupole TOF MS was used and high between-subject metabolic variability was successfully handled using a multiblock data analysis strategy. Links between specific subsets of metabolites and influential genetic polymorphisms of the UGT2B17 enzyme were highlighted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This exploratory metabolomic strategy constitutes a first step toward a better understanding of the underlying patterns driving the high interindividual variability of steroid metabolism. Promising biomarkers were selected for further targeted study.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boccard
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Badoud
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jan
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nicoli
authors.forename: Carine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schweizer
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pralong
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Veuthey
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Baume
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rudaz
authors.forename: Martial
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saugy
mesh_terms: D004300:Doping in Sports / Q000379:methods*; D004435:Eating; D006801:Humans; D055432:Metabolomics; D013256:Steroids / Q000652:urine*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D013256:Steroids; D013739:Testosterone; C010792:testosterone undecanoate
keywords: UHPLC-QTOF/MS; doping analysis; multiblock data analysis; steroidomics; testosterone; urine