title: Evolutionary aspects of lipoxygenases and genetic diversity of human leukotriene signaling.
abstract: Leukotrienes are pro-inflammatory lipid mediators, which are biosynthesized via the lipoxygenase pathway of the arachidonic acid cascade. Lipoxygenases form a family of lipid peroxidizing enzymes and human lipoxygenase isoforms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory, hyperproliferative (cancer) and neurodegenerative diseases. Lipoxygenases are not restricted to humans but also occur in a large number of pro- and eucaryotic organisms. Lipoxygenase-like sequences have been identified in the three domains of life (bacteria, archaea, eucarya) but because of lacking functional data the occurrence of catalytically active lipoxygenases in archaea still remains an open question. Although the physiological and/or pathophysiological functions of various lipoxygenase isoforms have been studied throughout the last three decades there is no unifying concept for the biological importance of these enzymes. In this review we are summarizing the current knowledge on the distribution of lipoxygenases in living single and multicellular organisms with particular emphasis to higher vertebrates and will also focus on the genetic diversity of enzymes and receptors involved in human leukotriene signaling.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California - Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, 95064 Santa Cruz, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schumann
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Saubashya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sur
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Science, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Kumar Reddy
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Kakularam
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh 176215, India.
authors.forename: Aparoy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polamarasetty
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Science, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India; National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Miyapur, Hyderabad 500049, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Pallu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Redanna
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: hartmut.kuehn@charite.de.
authors.forename: Hartmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Dagmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Heydeck
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D015289:Leukotrienes / Q000378:metabolism*; D058945:Lipoxygenases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D018077:Receptors, Leukotriene / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014714:Vertebrates / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015289:Leukotrienes; D018077:Receptors, Leukotriene; D058945:Lipoxygenases
keywords: Eicosanoids; Evolution; Gene polymorphisms; Leukotrienes; Lipoxygenase; SNPs