title: Dental skill mix: a cross-sectional analysis of delegation practices between dental and dental hygiene-therapy students involved in team training in the South of England.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Research suggests that health professionals who have trained together have a better understanding of one another's scope of practice and are thus equipped for teamwork during their professional careers. Dental hygiene-therapists (DHTs) are mid-level providers that can deliver routine care working alongside dentists. This study examines patterns of delegation (selected tasks and patients) by dental students to DHT students training together in an integrated team.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective sample of patient data (n = 2,063) was extracted from a patient management system showing the treatment activities of two student cohorts (dental and DHT) involved in team training in a primary care setting in the South of England over two academic years. The data extracted included key procedures delegated by dental students to DHT students coded by skill-mix of operator (e.g., fissure sealants, restorations, paediatric extractions) and patient demography. χ2 tests were conducted to investigate the relationship between delegation and patient age group, gender, smoking status, payment-exemption status, and social deprivation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2,063 patients managed during this period received treatments that could be undertaken by either student type; in total, they received 14,996 treatment procedures. The treatments most commonly delegated were fissure sealants (90%) and restorations (51%); whilst the least delegated were paediatric extractions (2%). Over half of these patients (55%) had at least one instance of delegation from a dental to a DHT student. Associations were found between delegation and patient age group and smoking status (P <0.001). Children under 18 years old had a higher level of delegation (86%) compared with adults of working age (50%) and patients aged 65 years and over (56%). A higher proportion of smokers had been delegated compared with non-smokers (45% cf. 26%; P <0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that delegation of care to DHT students training as a team with dental students, involved significantly greater experience in treating children and adult smokers, and providing preventive rather than invasive care in this integrated educational and primary care setting. The implications for their contribution to dentistry and the dental team are discussed, along with recommendations for primary care data recording.
authors.affiliation: King's College London Dental Institute, Division of Population and Patient Health, Bessemer Road, London SE5 9RS, UK. kristina.wanyonyi@kcl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Kristina L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Wanyonyi
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Radford
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gallagher
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D032022:Delegation, Professional; D003727:Dental Auxiliaries / Q000193:education / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003729:Dental Care / Q000145:classification; D058250:Dental Restoration Repair / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004497:Education, Dental / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D010348:Patient Care Team; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants; D011672:Pulpotomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012907:Smoking; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants