title: Type 2 diabetes and mammographic breast density among underserved women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We conducted a study of women recruited at Meharry Medical College, a historically black medical school, to investigate the relationship between diabetes and mammographic breast density.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 476 women completed in-person interviews, body measurements, and full-field digital mammograms on a Hologic mammography unit from December 2011 to February 2014. Average percent breast density for the left and right breasts combined was estimated using Quantra, an automated algorithm for volumetric assessment of breast tissue. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes was determined by self-report.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for confounding variables, the mean percent breast density among premenopausal women with type 2 diabetes [[Formula: see text] 13.8 %, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 11.6-15.9] was nonsignificantly lower than that of women without type 2 diabetes ([Formula: see text] 15.9 %, 95 % CI 15.0-16.8) (p = 0.07); however, there was no association among postmenopausal women. The effect of type 2 diabetes in severely obese women (BMI ≥ 35) appeared to differ by menopausal status with a reduction in mean percent breast density in premenopausal women, but an increase in mean percent breast density in postmenopausal women which could have been due to chance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Confirmation of our findings in larger studies may assist in clarifying the role of the insulin signaling breast cancer pathway in women with high breast density.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA. msanderson@mmc.edu.
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanderson
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA.
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: O'Hara
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA.
authors.forename: Nia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Foderingham
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA.
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Dupont
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ou
authors.initials: XO
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA.
authors.forename: Neeraja
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA.
authors.forename: Alecia M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fair
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Disher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001940:Breast; D000071060:Breast Density; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000208:ethnology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D042361:Mammary Glands, Human / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008327:Mammography / Q000379:methods*; D008507:Medically Underserved Area; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D017697:Premenopause; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin