title: Echinochloa chloroplast genomes: insights into the evolution and taxonomic identification of two weedy species.
abstract: The genus Echinochloa (Poaceae) includes numerous problematic weeds that cause the reduction of crop yield worldwide. To date, DNA sequence information is still limited in the genus Echinochloa. In this study, we completed the entire chloroplast genomes of two Echinochloa species (Echinochloa oryzicola and Echinochloa crus-galli) based on high-throughput sequencing data from their fresh green leaves. The two Echinochloa chloroplast genomes are 139,891 and 139,800 base pairs in length, respectively, and contain 131 protein-coding genes, 79 indels and 466 substitutions helpful for discrimination of the two species. The divergence between the genus Echinochloa and Panicum occurred about 21.6 million years ago, whereas the divergence between E. oryzicola and E. crus-galli chloroplast genes occurred about 3.3 million years ago. The two reported Echinochloa chloroplast genome sequences contribute to better understanding of the diversification of this genus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Chu-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhangxiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Gengmi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ying-Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Haiqiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Sisi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Guhe info Corp., Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Weijie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Guhe info Corp., Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Gulei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jinwen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yongliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Longbiao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Longjiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D031747:Echinochloa / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D054628:Genome, Chloroplast; D054643:INDEL Mutation; D010802:Phylogeny; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant