title: Antibacterial compounds from Salvia adenophora Fernald (Lamiaceae).
abstract: From the aerial parts of Salvia adenophora Fernald four derivatives of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (1-4) together with five clerodane diterpenoids (5, 6, 8-10), and one known diterpene (7) have been isolated. Compounds 1-6 and 8-10 are described for the first time. The structures were established by extensive 1D, 2D NMR and HRESI-TOFMS spectroscopic methods. Finally, the absolute configuration has been established by comparing of experimental and quantum chemical calculation of ECD spectra. Despite a total lack of antimicrobial activity of the plant extract, hinting to the existence of antagonistic interactions in the crude material, three oxylipins (2-4) displayed a promising inhibition on Gram-positive multidrug-resistant clinical strains including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and, particularly, Staphylococcus epidermidis, while the compounds 9 and 10 revealed a specific and strain-dependent activity against S. epidermidis. Interestingly, the inhibition provided by these compounds was independent of the resistance patterns of these pathogens to classic antibiotics. No action was reported on Gram-negative strains nor on Candida albicans. These results confirm that clerodanes and, particularly, prostaglandin-like compounds can be considered as interesting antimicrobial agents deserving further study.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Via Brigata Salerno 13, 16147 Genova, Italy. Electronic address: bisio@difar.unige.it.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bisio
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate, Sezione di Microbiologia, Università di Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 8, 16145 Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Schito
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Samad Nejad
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Ebrahimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamburger
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Via Brigata Salerno 13, 16147 Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mele
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate, Sezione di Microbiologia, Università di Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 8, 16145 Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Piatti
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Via Brigata Salerno 13, 16147 Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Romussi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dal Piaz
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy.
authors.forename: Nunziatina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: De Tommasi
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029422:Campanulaceae; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045785:Diterpenes, Clerodane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D027544:Salvia / Q000737:chemistry*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004224:Diterpenes; D045785:Diterpenes, Clerodane; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; C025999:12-oxophytodienoic acid
keywords: Antimicrobial activity; Clerodane diterpenes; Derivatives of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid; ECD; Lamiaceae; Salvia adenophora Fernald