title: Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of reporting of clinical adverse events scale (C-RoCAES).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adverse event is a crucial issue affecting patient's safety of healthcare services. To assess nurses' attitude of reporting adverse events is important to establish a safe environment for patients. However, no relevant instrument has been validated and used in China. This study was to examine validity and reliability of Chinese version of Reporting of Clinical adverse Event Scale (C-RoCAES).
  
  
  METHODS
  Chinese version of 25-item RoCAES was used in a sample of 1557 nurses. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were selected for construct validity test. Internal consistency was also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After CFA and EFA, two items were removed and two items loaded on different factors in our sample. Five factors were generated, including perceived blame, perceived criteria for identifying events that should be reported, perceptions of colleagues' expectations, perceived benefits of reporting and perceived clarity of reporting procedures. Cronbach's alpha for the total scale and subscales ranged from 0.70 to 0.85.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  C-RoCAES is applicable to healthcare services of China. The instrument provide information for the providers of healthcare services to develop staff education regarding patient safety, and also help them to evaluate strategies of preventing adverse events in clinical practice in China.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University Shanghai, China ; Shanghai Nursing Quality Control Centre Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Shuying
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Meimei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yafen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Meifang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gong
keywords: Reporting of clinical adverse events scale (RoCAES); confirmatory factor analysis; exploratory factor analysis