title: Neural progenitor cells orchestrate microglia migration and positioning into the developing cortex.
abstract: Microglia are observed in the early developing forebrain and contribute to the regulation of neurogenesis through still unravelled mechanisms. In the developing cerebral cortex, microglia cluster in the ventricular/subventricular zone (VZ/SVZ), a region containing Cxcl12-expressing basal progenitors (BPs). Here we show that the ablation of BP as well as genetic loss of Cxcl12 affect microglia recruitment into the SVZ. Ectopic Cxcl12 expression or pharmacological blockage of CxcR4 further supports that Cxcl12/CxcR4 signalling is involved in microglial recruitment during cortical development. Furthermore, we found that cell death in the developing forebrain triggers microglial proliferation and that this is mediated by the release of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Finally, we show that the depletion of microglia in mice lacking receptor for colony-stimulating factor-1 (Csf-1R) reduces BPs into the cerebral cortex.
authors.affiliation: Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Benedetta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Arnò
authors.affiliation: Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grassivaro
authors.affiliation: Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bergamaschi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Castiglioni
authors.affiliation: Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Furlan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Greter
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, University Milano-Bicocca, 20100 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Favaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Comi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Burkhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Becher
authors.affiliation: Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianvito
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martino
authors.affiliation: Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Muzio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D017628:Microglia / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D055495:Neurogenesis; D038081:Organogenesis; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: C514936:CXCR4 protein, mouse; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; C515256:Cxcl12 protein, mouse; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C076231:Mif protein, mouse