title: Evaluation of predisposing factors, diagnostic and treatment methods in patients with translocation of intrauterine devices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic methods, predisposing risk factors and surgical treatment options in patients with translocation of intrauterine devices (IUD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Diagnosis, predisposing factors and treatment of 34 patients with translocation of IUD was evaluated in this retrospective study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complaints of pain during insertion and history of cesarean section were present in 70.5% and 58.8% of patients, respectively. IUD-related complications were detected in 52.8% of patients. Transvaginal ultrasonography was used to detect translocation of IUD in 55.8% of cases. Laparoscopy was performed in 55.8% of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were high rates of history of cesarean section, insertion in the puerperal period and insertion by midwives in patients with translocated IUD. These may be predisposing factors for IUD translocation. The clinician who inserts the IUD should be experienced in this area and obtain sufficient information from the pelvic examination prior to insertion of the device. Gynecological examination should be conducted for a proper diagnosis of translocation of IUD. In the event that the IUD string is not visible in the gynecological examination, transvaginal ultrasonography should be performed. If the IUD is still not visible, then abdominal radiography should be performed. As soon as diagnosis of translocation of IUD has been established, surgical treatment should be planned. First treatment of choice should be laparoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Agacayak
authors.forename: Senem Yaman
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Tunc
authors.forename: Mehmet Sait
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Icen
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oguz
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozler
authors.forename: Abdulkadr
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turgut
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basaranoglu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020878:Device Removal / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D058736:Intrauterine Device Migration / Q000209:etiology*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: complication; intrauterine devices; predisposing factors; treatment plans