title: β-Cyclodextrin-hemin complex-induced lateral root formation in tomato: involvement of nitric oxide and heme oxygenase 1.
abstract: β-Cyclodextrin-hemin complex-induced tomato lateral root formation was associated with nitric oxide and heme oxygenase 1 by modulating cell cycle regulatory genes. β-Cyclodextrin-hemin complex (β-CDH), a complex by combining β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with hemin, a heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) inducer, was a trigger of cucumber adventitious root formation by enhancing HO1 gene expression. In this report, our results identified the previously unknown function of β-CDH in plants: the inducer of tomato lateral root (LR) formation. β-CDH-triggered LR formation is hemin-specific, since β-CD failed to induce LR development. Because nitric oxide (NO) is involved in LR formation, the correlation of β-CDH with NO and HO1 was investigated. Our analysis suggested that β-CDH induced an increase in endogenous NO production, followed by up-regulation of tomato HO1 gene and LR formation, all of which were mimicked by hemin and two NO-releasing compounds (SNP and GSNO). The induction of HO1 gene expression and LR formation triggered by β-CDH or hemin were significantly blocked by an inhibitor of HO1. Further results revealed that both β-CDH- and SNP-stimulated HO1 gene expression and thereafter LR formation were sensitive to the removal of NO with a potent NO scavenger, and the responses of SNP were significantly blocked by an inhibitor of HO1. Molecular evidence illustrated that representative cell cycle regulatory genes, including SlCDKA1, SlCYCA3;1, SlCYCA2;1, and SlCYCD3;1, were significantly up-regulated by β-CDH and SNP, but obviously blocked when seedlings were co-treated with the scavenger of NO or the inhibitor of HO1. In summary, our physiological and molecular evidence demonstrated that both NO and HO1 were involved in the β-CDH-induced LR formation with, at least partially, HO1 acting downstream of NO signaling.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Jiale
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Ren
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wenbiao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Liqin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006427:Hemin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D011524:Protoporphyrins / Q000494:pharmacology; D026422:S-Nitrosoglutathione / Q000494:pharmacology; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011524:Protoporphyrins; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; C017803:zinc protoporphyrin; D009599:Nitroprusside; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D026422:S-Nitrosoglutathione; D006427:Hemin; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; C031215:betadex