title: Mutations in the Arabidopsis homoserine kinase gene DMR1 confer enhanced resistance to Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mutation of Arabidopsis DMR1, encoding homoserine kinase, leads to elevation in homoserine and foliar resistance to the biotrophic pathogens Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis and Oidium neolycopersici through activation of an unidentified defence mechanism. This study investigates the effect of mutation of dmr1 on resistance to the ascomycete pathogens Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum, which cause Fusarium Ear Blight (FEB) disease on small grain cereals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We initially found that the dmr1-2 mutant allele confers increased resistance to F. culmorum and F. graminearum silique infection, and decreased colonisation of rosette leaves. Meanwhile the dmr1-1 allele supports less rosette leaf colonisation but has wild type silique resistance. Three additional dmr1 alleles were subsequently examined for altered F. culmorum susceptibility and all showed increased silique resistance, while leaf colonisation was reduced in two (dmr1-3 and dmr1-4). Amino acid analysis of dmr1 siliques revealed homoserine accumulation, which is undetectable in wild type plants. Exogenous application of L-homoserine reduced bud infection in both dmr1 and wild type plants, whilst D-homoserine application did not. Delayed leaf senescence was also observed in dmr1 plants compared to wild type and correlated with reduced Fusarium leaf colonisation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that common Arabidopsis DMR1 mediated susceptibility mechanisms occur during infection by both obligate biotrophic oomycete and hemi-biotrophic fungal pathogens, not only in vegetative but also in reproductive plant tissues. This has the potential to aid the development of cereal crops with enhanced resistance to FEB.
authors.forename: Helen C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Brewer
authors.forename: Nathaniel D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: Kim E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Hammond-Kosack
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology*; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D005638:Fruit / Q000378:metabolism; D005670:Fusarium / Q000502:physiology*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D020539:Sequence Analysis, Protein; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); C021370:homoserine kinase