title: Fetal hyperglycemia and a high-fat diet contribute to aberrant glucose tolerance and hematopoiesis in adult rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Children exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy are at increased risk of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Our goal was to identify metabolic and hematopoietic alterations after intrauterine exposure to maternal hyperglycemia that may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic morbidities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Streptozotocin treatment induced maternal hyperglycemia during the last third of gestation in rat dams. Offspring of control mothers (OCM) and diabetic mothers (ODM) were evaluated for weight, glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, and hematopoiesis defects. The effects of aging were examined in normal and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed young (8-wk-old) and aged (11-mo-old) OCM and ODM rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Young adult ODM males on a normal diet, but not females, displayed improved glucose tolerance due to increased insulin levels. Aged ODM males and females gained more weight than OCM on a HFD and had worse glucose tolerance. Aged ODM males fed a HFD were also neutrophilic. Increases in bone marrow cellularity and myeloid progenitors preceded neutrophilia in ODM males fed a HFD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When combined with other risk factors like HFD and aging, changes in glucose metabolism and hematopoiesis may contribute to the increased risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension observed in children of GDM mothers.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana [2] Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Emily K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Blue
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana [2] Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ballman
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana [2] Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana [2] Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Eunjin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana [2] Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Tatsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Sara K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Quinney
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana [2] Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana [3] Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana [4] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Debbie C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Thurmond
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana [2] Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana [3] Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana [4] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana [5] Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Carmella
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Evans-Molina
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana [2] Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana [3] Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana [4] Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana [5] Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Laura S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Haneline
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006410:Hematopoiesis / Q000502:physiology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose