title: Voluntary drinking versus imposed drinking in the methodology of investigations about the drinking-induced thermoregulatory sweating.
abstract: Studies have shown that dehydrated humans or animals in a warm environment begin to sweat within seconds to minutes after drinking. This phenomenon is one of the drinking-induced thermoregulatory responses; being investigated from different aspects. Our objective is to show the difference of voluntary drinking and imposed drinking in the methodology of these experiments. Six healthy subjects 23.7 ± 0.6 yr old and 80.7 ± 5.7 kg wt were dehydrated by performing mild exercise (ergometer cycling) in a hot and humid chamber (38-40°C, 20-28% relative humidity). We incorporated two protocols: after dehydration, subjects were allowed to drink water with 1) imposed volumes of 1, 3, 5 ml/kg and 2) voluntary volumes; on four separate days. The sweating rate was measured on the forehead area before and after drinking. Sweating increased markedly just a few minutes after the onset of drinking. The mean sweat rates of the imposed volumes of 1, 3, 5 ml/Kg were 0.33 ± 0.15, 0.31 ± 0.17, 0.47 ± 0.21 respectively and for the voluntary volume it was 0.54 ± 0.19. The mean intake in the voluntary trial was 6.58 ± 1.14 ml/Kg, more than the imposed volume of 5 ml/Kg. The trend of the rate of the sweating response in the imposed trials was distinct from the response in the voluntary trial.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There exists a difference between voluntary drinking and imposed drinking in the sweating response that follows rehydration. So it is suggested to use the methods of voluntary drinking in the investigations of this phenomenon, to reveal the natural events that happen in the actual circumstances.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Abdollah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hosseinlou
authors.affiliation: Drug Applied Research Center Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khamnei
authors.affiliation: Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Masumeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zamanlu
keywords: Drinking-induced sweating; imposed water consumption; post rehydration; thermoregulatory evaporation; voluntary intake