title: Structural and anti-inflammatory characterization of a novel neutral polysaccharide from North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius).
abstract: Neutral polysaccharides are one of the active components in the American ginseng roots. Recently, the studies about American ginseng polysaccharides are mainly centered on acidic polysaccharides, while there is relatively limited research that explores neutral polysaccharides. In this study a novel neutral polysaccharide (PPQN) was isolated from American ginseng roots and its structure and anti-inflammatory activity were investigated. The average molecular weight (Mw) of PPQN was 3.1 kDa. Monosaccharide components' analysis indicated that PPQN was composed of glucose (Glc) and galactose (Gal) in a molar ratio of 1:1.15. Secretions of nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation were detected in PPQN pre-treatment RAW264.7 macrophages. PPQN (150 μg/mL) exhibited more effective inhibition of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 secretions, followed by NO production with respective values of 40.5%, 41.1%, 34.4%, and 11.1% suppression. These results indicated that PPQN may have therapeutic implications in treatment of inflammation and inflammatory-related diseases.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Lijun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaona
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiushi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Ontario Ginseng Innovation and Research Consortium, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada.
authors.forename: Edmund Man King
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Lui
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China. Electronic address: renguixing@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Guixing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011134:Polysaccharides; D009569:Nitric Oxide
keywords: American ginseng; Anti-inflammation; Neutral polysaccharide