title: Biodegradation of p-cresol and sulfide removal by a marine-denitrifying consortium.
abstract: The simultaneous removal of sulfide and p-cresol was carried out by using a marine-denitrifying consortium collected in the coastal zone of Sonora, Mexico. Different experimental conditions were used to evaluate the capacity of the consortium to simultaneously eliminate nitrate, sulfide, and p-cresol. For instance, the first set of assays was conducted at different sulfide concentrations (20, 50, and 100 mg S(2À) L(À1) ), with a fixed concentration of p-cresol (45 mg C L(À1) ). The second set of assays was developed at different concentrations of p-cresol (45, 75, and 100 mg C L(-1) ), in the presence of 20 mg S(2À) L(À1) . In all cases, the concentration of nitrate was stoichiometrically added for the complete oxidization of the substrates. The results showed removal efficiencies up to 92% for p-cresol and nitrate at 20 and 50 mg S(2À) L(À1) ; whereas at 100 mg S(2À) L(À1) removal efficiencies were 77% and 59% for p-cresol and nitrate, respectively. On the other hand, sulfide (20 mg L(À1) ) was completely removed under different concentrations of p-cresol tested, with a partial accumulation of nitrite according to the increment of p-cresol concentration. The results obtained indicate that the marine consortium was able to simultaneously remove the pollutants studied.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora (ITSON), Departamento de Ciencias del Agua y Medio Ambiente. Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, México.
authors.forename: Edna R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Meza-Escalante
authors.forename: Luis H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Denisse
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mendoza
authors.forename: Ramsés
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bonola
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D003408:Cresols / Q000378:metabolism*; D058440:Denitrification; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000382:microbiology*; D008800:Mexico; D059013:Microbial Consortia / Q000502:physiology*; D050901:Nitrate Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013440:Sulfides / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003408:Cresols; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D013440:Sulfides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C032538:4-cresol; D050901:Nitrate Reductase; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Biodegradation; Denitrification; Marine consortium; Sulfide; p-Cresol