title: Obese first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes with elevated triglyceride levels exhibit increased β-cell function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized as a disease continuum that is marked by metabolic changes that are present for several years, sometimes well before frank diagnosis of T2DM. Genetic predisposition, ethnicity, geography, alterations in BMI, and lipid profile are considered important markers for the pathogenesis of T2DM through mechanisms that remain unresolved and controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between triglycerides (TGs) and β-cell function, insulin resistance (IR), and insulin sensitivity (IS) in obese first-degree relatives of patients with T2DM (FDR-T2DM) among subjects from central Mexico with normal glucose tolerance (NGT).
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 372 FDR-T2DM subjects (ages,18-65) and determined body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin, and TGs levels. Subjects were categorized based on glycemic control [NGT, prediabetes (PT2DM), or T2DM]. NGT subjects were further categorized by BMI [normal weight (Ob-) or obese (Ob+)] and TGs levels (TG-, <150 mg/dL, or TG+, ≥150 mg/dL). β-cell function, IR, and IS were determined by the homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA2-β), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) indices, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The obese subjects with elevated TGs levels had 21%-60% increased β-cell function when compared to all groups (P<0.05). In addition, this group had insulin levels, IS, and IR similar to PT2DM. Furthermore, only in obese subjects did TGs correlate with β-cell function (ρ=0.502, P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We characterized FDR-T2DM subjects from central Mexico with NGT and revealed a class of obese subjects with elevated TGs and β-cell function, which may precede PT2DM.
authors.affiliation: 1 Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla , Puebla, Puebla, México.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Torres-Rasgado
authors.forename: Leonardo M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Porchia
authors.forename: Guadalupe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Vivanco
authors.forename: M Elba
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Mejia
authors.forename: Blanca G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Báez-Duarte
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pulido-Pérez
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: Jose R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pérez-Fuentes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology; D005190:Family; D005192:Family Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000503:physiopathology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014280:Triglycerides