title: Type-specific HPV prevalence in invasive cervical cancer in the UK prior to national HPV immunisation programme: baseline for monitoring the effects of immunisation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the human papillomavirus (HPV) type-specific prevalence in cervical cancer and high-grade cervical lesions in the UK prior to the introduction of national HPV vaccination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specimens of cervical cancer (n=1235) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)3 (n=2268) were tested for HPV genotypes in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Data were pooled and weighted estimates presented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among cervical cancer cases, 95.8% were positive for at least one high-risk (HR) HPV type. Restricting to those with HR HPV, the proportion positive for HPV16 and/or HPV18 was similar across countries (weighted overall prevalence 83.0%). This proportion decreased with increasing age at diagnosis (p=0.0005). HPV31, HPV33, HPV45, HPV52 and/or HPV58 were detected in 16.1% of HR HPV-positive cervical cancers and there was no significant association with age for these types. For HR HPV-positive CIN3 cases, there was a similar age-specific pattern with the highest positivity of HPV16 and/or HPV18 in the youngest age group (77.2%). The proportion of HR HPV CIN3 cases positive for HPV31, HPV33, HPV45, HPV52 and/or HPV58 was 36.3% in those aged <30 years at diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of HPV 16 and/or 18 was high in all UK countries and highest in those diagnosed at a younger age. The UK is well placed to monitor the impact of HPV vaccination on type-specific HPV prevalence in cervical disease.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Public Health England, London, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mesher
authors.affiliation: Scottish HPV Reference Lab, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cuschieri
authors.affiliation: HPV Research Group, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hibbitts
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Pathology Department, Antrim Hospital, Northern Health and Social Care Trust, Co. Antrim, UK.
authors.forename: Jackie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jamison
authors.affiliation: Manchester Virology Laboratory, Public Health England, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sargent
authors.affiliation: Health Protection Scotland, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Kevin G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Pollock
authors.affiliation: HPV Research Group, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: Ned
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Pathology Department, Antrim Hospital, Northern Health and Social Care Trust, Co. Antrim, UK.
authors.forename: Robbie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Health Protection Scotland, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: McCall
authors.affiliation: HPV Research Group, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fiander
authors.affiliation: Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Public Health England, London, UK.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Soldan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D061809:Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D017589:Immunization Programs; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology*; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010641:Phenotype; D015995:Prevalence; D013222:State Medicine; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology*; D055815:Young Adult; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines
keywords: CERVICAL CANCER; HPV; PAPILLOMA VIRUSES