title: Persistent pain and neurosensory disturbance after dental implant surgery: pathophysiology, etiology, and diagnosis.
abstract: Many studies have documented the successful outcomes of dental implants, but have also reported the association of sensory disturbances with the surgical implant procedure. Postsurgical pain is a normal response to tissue injury, and usually resolves after the tissue heals. However, some patients who receive dental implants experience persistent pain even after normal healing. This article describes the basic anatomy and pathophysiology associated with nerve injury. The incidence and diagnosis of these problems, in addition to factors that result in the development of chronic persistent neuropathic pain and sensory disturbances associated with surgical implant placement, are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health Practice, University of Kentucky, College of Dentistry, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA. Electronic address: malsa2@email.uky.edu.
authors.forename: Mohanad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Sabbagh
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Health Science, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Okeson
authors.affiliation: Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine Division, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Kaiser Permanente, 7300 Wyndham Street, Sacramento, CA 95823, USA.
authors.forename: Mohd W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Khalaf
authors.affiliation: Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health Practice, University of Kentucky, College of Dentistry, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
authors.forename: Ishita
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bhavsar
mesh_terms: D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020886:Somatosensory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D061221:Trigeminal Nerve Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: Diagnosis; Etiology; Implant; Nerve injury; Neuropathic; Neurosensory; Pain; Sensation