title: Awake craniotomy: A qualitative review and future challenges.
abstract: Neurosurgery in awake patients incorporates newer technologies that require the anesthesiologists to update their skills and evolve their methodologies. They need effective communication skills and knowledge of selecting the right anesthetic drugs to ensure adequate analgesia, akinesia, along with patient satisfaction with the anesthetic conduct throughout the procedure. The challenge of providing adequate anesthetic care to an awake patient for intracranial surgery requires more than routine vigilance about anesthetic management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Mahmood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghazanwy
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology and Spine Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Rajkalyan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chakrabarti
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology and Spine Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Anurag
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tewari
authors.affiliation: Professor and Vice Chair (Research) Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sinha
keywords: Awake craniotomy; neuroanesthesiology