title: Mental health among a nationally representative sample of United States Military Reserve Component Personnel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Estimate prevalence of lifetime, current year, and current month depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among US military reservists.
  
  
  METHODS
  Structured interviews were performed with a nationally representative military reserve sample (n = 2,003). Sociodemographic characteristics, military experiences, lifetime stressors, and psychiatric conditions were assessed. Depression was measured with the PHQ-9, and PTSD (deployment and non-deployment related) was assessed with the PCL-C.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depression (21.63% lifetime, 14.31% current year, and 5.99% current month) was more common than either deployment-related PTSD (5.49% lifetime, 4.98% current year, and 3.62% current month) or non-deployment-related PTSD (5.40% lifetime, 3.91% current year, and 2.32% current month), and branch-related differences were found. Non-deployment-related trauma was associated with non-deployment-related PTSD and depression in a dose-response fashion; deployment-related trauma was associated with deployment-related PTSD and depression in a dose-response fashion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study reveals notable differences in PTSD and depression prevalence by service branch that may be attributable to a combination of factors including greater lifetime trauma exposures and differing operational military experiences. Our findings suggest that service branch and organizational differences are related to key protective and/or risk factors, which may prove useful in guiding prevention and treatment efforts among reservists.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA, dale.russell@usuhs.edu.
authors.forename: Dale W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Gregory H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gifford
authors.forename: Carol S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Fullerton
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ursano
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galea
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult