title: Comparison of patterns of psychopathology in aesthetic rhinoplasty patients versus functional rhinoplasty patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether candidates for aesthetic rhinoplasty show more severe symptoms of psychopathology in comparison with functional rhinoplasty patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study. Aesthetic rhinoplasty candidates were taken as cases and functional rhinoplasty patients comprised the control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  A surgical center for rhinoplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two patients seeking either aesthetic rhinoplasty (n = 21) or functional rhinoplasty (n = 21) were included in this study in winter 2012 using a convenience sampling method. All patients were asked to complete the Symptom Check List-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) preoperatively. An independent t test was performed for each subscale of the instrument. Cohen's d was calculated as a measure of effect size. Pearson's correlation was also performed between the subscales.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Independent t test verified that aesthetic rhinoplasty patients scored significantly higher in 8 subscales of the SCL-90-R in comparison with functional rhinoplasty patients as control group. Aesthetic rhinoplasty seekers showed more severe symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder (P < .01), depression (P < .01), interpersonal problems (P < .01), psychoticism (P < .05), paranoia (P < .05), hostility (P < .05), phobia (P < .01), and general psychopathology (P < .01). All subscales were correlated strongly in the current sample.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that a sample of patients seeking aesthetic rhinoplasty had higher symptoms in various components of psychopathology compared with a control group. Therefore, preoperative psychological screening of aesthetic rhinoplasty candidates may be useful.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rhinology and Facial Plastic Surgery, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Rhinology Research Society, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naraghi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Atari@ut.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Atari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001828:Body Image; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques / Q000523:psychology*; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009667:Nose Deformities, Acquired / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: aesthetic rhinoplasty; functional rhinoplasty; psychopathology