title: The use of laryngeal mask airway during transesophageal echocardiography in pediatric patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in the cardiac lab is usually performed in pediatric patients under general anesthesia with an endotracheal intubation (ET). This study was performed to investigate the safety and efficacy of using the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) as an alternative to ET to maintain pediatric airway during the general anesthesia for TEE.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 50 pediatric patients undergoing TEE in the cardiac lab were randomized to have their airway maintained during the procedure with either LMA (LMA group) or ET (ET group). Hemodynamic, respiratory parameters, time to extubation, recovery time, the incidence of complication and operator satisfaction were compared between the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences between both groups in hemodynamic and respiratory parameters. Laryngeal spasm was reported in one patient in the LMA group and two patients in the ET group. TEE operators were equally satisfied with the procedure in groups. The time to extubation was shorter in the LMA group (P < 0.01). The mean recovery time was also significantly shorter in the LMA than in the ET group (44 ± 8 min and 59 ± 11 min, respectively; P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The LMA is safe and effective in securing the airway of children undergoing diagnostic TEE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Shafi Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdulmohsin A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Al-Ghamdi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hany A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Mowafi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Roshdy R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Al-Metwalli
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Wesam F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Mousa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Amer A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lardhi
keywords: Laryngeal mask airway; randomized clinical trial; transesophageal echocardiography