title: Orthodontic bracket designs and their impact on microbial profile and periodontal disease: A clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to compare the undisturbed plaque formation on teeth bonded with Preadjusted (Captain Ortho, Libral Traders, Mumbai, India) and Begg Brackets (Captain Ortho, Libral Traders, Mumbai, India) with nonbonded control sites via a de novo plaque growth over a period of 7 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  A clinical trial with the split-mouth design was set up enrolling 10 dental students. Within each subject sites with (Preadjusted) (P-site), Begg brackets (B-site) and control sites were followed. Plaque index and gingival index were recorded on days 3 and 7. Supra-gingival and sub-gingival plaque samples were taken from the brackets and the teeth on days 3 and 7, and were sent for aerobic and anaerobic culturing. The total number of bacterial colony forming units (CFU) was assessed for each sample using a colony counter. Tukeys and Dunnett test then statistically analyzed data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean plaque index and gingival index increased on P-site and B-site on the third and 7(th) day. The shift from aerobic to anaerobic species was observed earlier in P-sites than in B-sites. The CFU were significantly higher for all sites on day 7 when compared with day 3. The aerobe/anaerobe CFU ratio was significantly lower in P-sites than in B-sites and then control showing an increase in the number of anaerobic species on the 3(rd) and 7(th) day (P < 0.05). Based on observed means, the mean difference was significant (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present data suggest that Preadjusted brackets accumulated more plaque than Begg brackets. Bracket design can have a significant impact on bacterial load and on periodontal parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Padmashree Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Nikesh N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Moolya
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Padmashree Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Arvind
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shetty
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Padmashree Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Neha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Padmashree Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Anvesha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Padmashree Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jalan
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Padmashree Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Rashmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
keywords: Beggs; colony forming units; preadjusted