title: Dietary glutamate supplementation ameliorates mycotoxin-induced abnormalities in the intestinal structure and expression of amino acid transporters in young pigs.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with glutamic acid has beneficial effects on growth performance, antioxidant system, intestinal morphology, serum amino acid profile and the gene expression of intestinal amino acid transporters in growing swine fed mold-contaminated feed. Fifteen pigs (Landrace×Large White) with a mean body weight (BW) of 55 kg were randomly divided into control group (basal feed), mycotoxin group (contaminated feed) and glutamate group (2% glutamate+contaminated feed). Compared with control group, mold-contaminated feed decreased average daily gain (ADG) and increased feed conversion rate (FCR). Meanwhile, fed mold-contaminated feed impaired anti-oxidative system and intestinal morphology, as well as modified the serum amino acid profile in growing pigs. However, supplementation with glutamate exhibited potential positive effects on growth performance of pigs fed mold-contaminated feed, ameliorated the imbalance antioxidant system and abnormalities of intestinal structure caused by mycotoxins. In addition, dietary glutamate supplementation to some extent restored changed serum amino acid profile caused by mold-contaminated feed. In conclusion, glutamic acid may be act as a nutritional regulating factor to ameliorate the adverse effects induced by mycotoxins.
authors.affiliation: Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China.
authors.forename: Jielin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China.
authors.forename: Miaomiao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China.
authors.forename: Dun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition, Fujian Aonong biotechnology corporation, Xiamen, Fujian 361007, China.
authors.forename: Qingqi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition, Fujian Aonong biotechnology corporation, Xiamen, Fujian 361007, China.
authors.forename: Yongfei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Center, Twins Group Co., Ltd, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330096, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China.
authors.forename: Xingli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China.
authors.forename: Wenkai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China.
authors.forename: Bie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Hunan New Wellful Co., LTD, Changsha, Hunan, 410001, China.
authors.forename: Minghong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China.
authors.forename: Tiejun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man, R3T 2N2 Canada.
authors.forename: Charles M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Nyachoti
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America.
authors.forename: Olayiwola
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Adeola
authors.affiliation: Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; Southwest Collaborative Innovation center of swine for quality & safety, 211#211Huiming Road, Wenjiang district, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Yulong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D026905:Amino Acid Transport Systems / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D015651:Mycotoxicosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D026905:Amino Acid Transport Systems; D000596:Amino Acids; D009183:Mycotoxins; D018698:Glutamic Acid