title: Automation of ⁹⁹Tc extraction by LOV prior ICP-MS detection: application to environmental samples.
abstract: A new, fast, automated and inexpensive sample pre-treatment method for (99)Tc determination by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detection is presented. The miniaturized approach is based on a lab-on-valve (LOV) system, allowing automatic separation and preconcentration of (99)Tc. Selectivity is provided by the solid phase extraction system used (TEVA resin) which retains selectively pertechnetate ion in diluted nitric acid solution. The proposed system has some advantages such as minimization of sample handling, reduction of reagents volume, improvement of intermediate precision and sample throughput, offering a significant decrease of both time and cost per analysis in comparison to other flow techniques and batch methods. The proposed LOV system has been successfully applied to different samples of environmental interest (water and soil) with satisfactory recoveries, between 94% and 98%. The detection limit (LOD) of the developed method is 0.005 ng. The high durability of the resin and its low amount (32 mg), its good intermediate precision (RSD 3.8%) and repeatability (RSD 2%) and its high extraction frequency (up to 5 h(-1)) makes this method an inexpensive, high precision and fast tool for monitoring (99)Tc in environmental samples.
authors.affiliation: Renewable Energy and Environmental Protection Department, Advanced Materials Research Center (CIMAV) S.C., Chihuahua 31109, Chihuahua, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rogelio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Renewable Energy and Environmental Protection Department, Advanced Materials Research Center (CIMAV) S.C., Chihuahua 31109, Chihuahua, Mexico. Electronic address: luz.leal@cimav.edu.mx.
authors.forename: Luz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.affiliation: Renewable Energy and Environmental Protection Department, Advanced Materials Research Center (CIMAV) S.C., Chihuahua 31109, Chihuahua, Mexico.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.affiliation: Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory-LaboRA, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma E-07122, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferrer
authors.affiliation: Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory-LaboRA, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma E-07122, Spain.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Avivar
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine Area, International Center of Medicine (CIMA), Chihuahua 31217, Chihuahua, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ariel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma E-07122, Spain.
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cerdà
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation; D057230:Limit of Detection; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation; D011848:Radioactive Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013667:Technetium / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D011848:Radioactive Pollutants; D012987:Soil; D014867:Water; D013667:Technetium
keywords: (99)Tc; Environmental samples; ICP-MS; LOV; Solid phase extraction