title: Ligneous gingivitis associated with plasminogen deficiency: a challenge in diagnosis.
abstract: A 66-year-old female presented with gum bleeding and soreness. Her medical history was significant for delayed wound healing, which appeared to cause blindness in her right eye. A gingival incisional biopsy revealed replacement of fibrous connective tissue by an amorphous and eosinophilic material. Direct immunofluorescent staining for antibodies was negative. After the differential diagnosis of ligneous gingivitis (LG) was rendered, the activity and antigenic level of plasminogen was tested and found to be significantly decreased. Partial improvement was observed within 1 year following a regimen of scaling, gingival curettage, topical steroids, and improved oral hygiene. LG is a rare condition, occurring as a result of plasminogen deficiency and subsequent fibrin accumulation. It presents as pseudomembranous gingiva and might affect the eyes and other organs. Dentists should be familiar with this condition, since they might assist in a diagnosis of this disease, with significant morbidity often missed by medical professionals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Seunghee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Indraneel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bhattacharyya
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Katz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012534:Dental Scaling / Q000379:methods; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D019085:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D005886:Gingival Hypertrophy / Q000209:etiology; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000172:deficiency*; D013357:Subgingival Curettage / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D003907:Dexamethasone; D010958:Plasminogen
keywords: gingival enlargement; ligneous gingivitis; ligneous periodontitis; plasminogen deficiency; pseudomembrane