title: [Pseudotumoral soft tissue masses in children and adolescents].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pseudotumoral soft tissue masses in children and adolescents are a frequent reason for consultation and a diagnostic dilemma. Soft tissue malignancies are relatively uncommon, unlike the large number of benign lesions that may be seen in the superficial tissue and that can be diagnosed with clinical characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study concerns 161 children and adolescents less than 20 years old, referred for a soft tissue mass between 2007 and 2011. It describes their epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and course of care to validate a diagnostic strategy for such masses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Final diagnoses were malignant tumors (44%), benign tumors (32%), and pseudotumoral lesions (24%). Clinical features were similar between these three groups except for age and tumor location, with more benign thoracic masses in younger children. Clinical and radiological association led to an accurate diagnosis for 50% of benign masses and with cytological analysis contribution in 79% of benign tumors and 86% of pseudotumoral lesions. Malignant tumors were suspected in only 39% of cases with radiological exams and in 89% after fine-needle aspiration, an essential additional diagnostic tool. Final diagnoses were formally established through simple standard clinical and radiological evaluation in 19 patients (11.8%; benign tumors, seven patients; malformations, eight patients; post-traumatic lesions, two patients; infection and inflammation, one patient each); ultrasound exam in five patients (3.1%; hemangioendotheliomas, two patients, fascial dehiscence, hemangioma, and vascular malformation, one patient each); MRI in four patients (2.5%; three vascular malformations and one lipoma); CT in two cases (1.2%; vascular malformation and myositis ossificans), and radiological examinations associated with cell aspiration in 15 cases (9.3%; ten benign tumors and five malignant tumors).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A multidisciplinary approach should be requested from oncological, radiological, and pathologic experts to optimize soft tissue mass management as soon as initial investigations start. The authors advise a diagnostic strategy for children with pseudotumoral soft tissue masses.
authors.affiliation: Service de pédiatrie générale, hôpital Ambroise-Paré, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Papillard-Maréchal
authors.affiliation: Département de radiologie, institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Brisse
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologie pédiatrique, hôpital Necker, Assistance publique, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pannier
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie orthopédique pédiatrique, hôpital Robert-Debré, Assistance publique, 75019 Paris, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ilharreborde
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie générale et viscérale pédiatrique, hôpital Robert-Debré, Assistance publique, 75019 Paris, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Philippe-Chomette
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie viscérale pédiatrique, hôpital Trousseau, Assistance publique, 75012 Paris, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Irtan
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie orthopédique et réparatrice de l'enfant, hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Assistance publique, 75012 Paris, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thevenin-Lemoine
authors.affiliation: Département de radiologie, institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cellier
authors.affiliation: Département de pathologie, institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Freneaux
authors.affiliation: Département de pathologie, institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klijanienko
authors.affiliation: Département de pédiatrie-adolescents-jeunes adultes, institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France. Electronic address: daniel.orbach@curie.fr.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Orbach
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D005260:Female; D018222:Desmoid Tumors / Q000175:diagnosis; D006390:Hemangioendothelioma / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000175:diagnosis; D008067:Lipoma / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D009221:Myositis Ossificans / Q000175:diagnosis; D009442:Neurilemmoma / Q000175:diagnosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000175:diagnosis; D018461:Soft Tissue Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*