title: Molecular findings from influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 detected in patients from a Brazilian equatorial region during the pandemic period.
abstract: After the World Health Organization officially declared the end of the first pandemic of the XXI century in August 2010, the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus has been disseminated in the human population. In spite of its sustained circulation, very little on phylogenetic data or oseltamivir (OST) resistance is available for the virus in equatorial regions of South America. In order to shed more light on this topic, we analysed the haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 positive samples collected during the pandemic period in the Pernambuco (PE), a northeastern Brazilian state. Complete HA sequences were compared and amino acid changes were related to clinical outcome. In addition, the H275Y substitution in NA, associated with OST resistance, was investigated by pyrosequencing. Samples from PE were grouped in phylogenetic clades 6 and 7, being clustered together with sequences from South and Southeast Brazil. The D222N/G HA gene mutation, associated with severity, was found in one deceased patient that was pregnant. Additionally, the HA mutation K308E, which appeared in Brazil in 2010 and was only detected worldwide the following year, was identified in samples from hospitalised cases. The resistance marker H275Y was not identified in samples tested. However, broader studies are needed to establish the real frequency of resistance in this Brazilian region.
authors.affiliation: Setor de Virologia, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil.
authors.forename: Maria José Couto
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Fernando do Couto
authors.initials: Fdo C
authors.lastname: Motta
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Marilda M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Siqueira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Paola Cristina
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Resende
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Priscilla da Silva
authors.initials: Pda S
authors.lastname: Born
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Thiago Moreno L
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Milene
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mesquita
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Maria de Lourdes Aguiar
authors.initials: Mde L
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carney
authors.affiliation: Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém, PA, Brasil.
authors.forename: Wyller Alencar de
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Mello
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil.
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Magalhães
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D006388:Hemagglutinins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000235:genetics*; D053139:Oseltamivir / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058873:Pandemics; D010802:Phylogeny; D011247:Pregnancy; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods; D014774:Virulence; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D006388:Hemagglutinins; D012367:RNA, Viral; D037521:Virulence Factors; D053139:Oseltamivir; D009439:Neuraminidase