title: NBI - plasma vaporization hybrid approach in bladder cancer endoscopic management.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A prospective study was performed aiming to evaluate the surgical efficacy, perioperative safety profile, diagnostic accuracy and medium term results of a multi-modal approach consisting in narrow band imaging (NBI) cystoscopy and bipolar plasma vaporization (BPV) when compared to the standard protocol represented by white light cystoscopy (WLC) and transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 260 patients with apparently at least one bladder tumor over 3 cm were included in the trial. In the first group, 130 patients underwent conventional and NBI cystoscopy followed by BPV, while in a similar number of cases of the second arm, classical WLC and TURBT were applied. In all non-muscle invasive bladder tumors' (NMIBT) pathologically confirmed cases, standard monopolar Re-TUR was performed at 4-6 weeks after the initial intervention, followed by one year' BCG immunotherapy. The follow-up protocol included abdominal ultrasound, urinary cytology and WLC, performed every 3 months for a period of 2 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The obturator nerve stimulation, bladder wall perforation, mean hemoglobin level drop, postoperative bleeding, catheterization period and hospital stay were significantly reduced for the plasma vaporization technique by comparison to conventional resection. Concerning tumoral detection, the present data confirmed the NBI superiority when compared to standard WLC regardless of tumor stage (95.3% vs. 65.1% for CIS, 93.3% vs. 82.2% for pTa, 97.4% vs. 94% for pT1, 95% vs. 84.2% overall). During standard Re-TUR the overall (6.3% versus 17.4%) and primary site (3.6% versus 12.8%) residual tumors' rates were significantly lower for the NBI-BPV group. The 1 (7.2% versus 18.3%) and 2 (11.5% versus 25.8%) years' recurrence rates were substantially lower for the combined approach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NBI cystoscopy significantly improved diagnostic accuracy, while bipolar technology showed a higher surgical efficiency, lower morbidity and faster postoperative recovery. The combined technique offered a reduced rate of residual tumors at Re-TUR, both globally as well as for orthotopic tumors. Substantially lower recurrence rates were found at 1 and 2 years among the NBI-BPV cases.
authors.affiliation: "Saint John" Emergency Clinical Hospital, Department of Urology.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stănescu
authors.affiliation: "Saint John" Emergency Clinical Hospital, Department of Urology.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Geavlete
authors.affiliation: "Saint John" Emergency Clinical Hospital, Department of Urology.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Georgescu
authors.affiliation: "Saint John" Emergency Clinical Hospital, Department of Urology.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jecu
authors.affiliation: "Saint John" Emergency Clinical Hospital, Department of Urology.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moldoveanu
authors.affiliation: "Saint John" Emergency Clinical Hospital, Department of Urology.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Adou
authors.affiliation: "Saint John" Emergency Clinical Hospital, Department of Urology.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bulai
authors.affiliation: "Saint John" Emergency Clinical Hospital, Department of Urology.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ene
authors.affiliation: "Saint John" Emergency Clinical Hospital, Department of Urology.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Geavlete
mesh_terms: D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D062048:Narrow Band Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D014835:Volatilization
keywords: bipolar plasma vaporisation; narrow band imaging (NBI) cystoscopy; non-muscle invasive bladder tumors