title: Spatially selective holographic photoactivation and functional fluorescence imaging in freely behaving mice with a fiberscope.
abstract: Correlating patterned neuronal activity to defined animal behaviors is a core goal in neuroscience. Optogenetics is one large step toward achieving this goal, yet optical methods to control neural activity in behaving rodents have so far been limited to perturbing all light-sensitive neurons in a large volume. Here we demonstrate an all-optical method for precise spatial control and recording of neuronal activity in anesthetized and awake freely behaving mice. Photoactivation patterns targeted to multiple neuronal somata, produced with computer-generated holography, were transmitted to the mouse brain using a micro-objective-coupled fiber bundle. Fluorescence imaging through the same device, via epifluorescence, structured illumination, or scanless multipoint confocal microscopy, allowed imaging of neurons and recording of neuronal activity. The fiberscope was tested in mice coexpressing ChR2-tdTomato and GCaMP5-G in cerebellar interneurons, delivering near-cellular resolution photoactivation in freely behaving mice.
authors.affiliation: Wavefront-Engineering Microscopy Group, Neurophotonics Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8250, Université Paris Descartes, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Vivien
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Szabo
authors.affiliation: Wavefront-Engineering Microscopy Group, Neurophotonics Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8250, Université Paris Descartes, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Cathie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ventalon
authors.affiliation: Wavefront-Engineering Microscopy Group, Neurophotonics Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8250, Université Paris Descartes, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: De Sars
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Physiologie Cérébrale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8118, Université Paris Descartes, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.affiliation: Wavefront-Engineering Microscopy Group, Neurophotonics Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8250, Université Paris Descartes, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France. Electronic address: valentina.emiliani@parisdescartes.fr.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Emiliani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000502:physiology; D059907:Functional Neuroimaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D006696:Holography / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D055100:Optical Fibers; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D062308:Optogenetics / Q000379:methods*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods