title: Risk determinants associated with early childhood caries in Uygur children: a preschool-based cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) varies with geographical region and population. The Uygur people, one of 55 officially recognized ethnic minorities in China, have a population of 10,069,346. We performed a preschool-based cross-sectional study of 670 Uygur children from the southern region of Xinjiang, China, to investigate the prevalence and severity of ECC and to identify factors related to the dental health condition of this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population of children ranging in age from 3 to 5 years was invited using a three-stage stratified sampling in Kashgar, the westernmost city in China. The "dmft" index was used to assess dental caries. The diagnosis of ECC or severe ECC was based on the oral health diagnostic criteria defined by the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. A questionnaire was completed by the children's caregivers. The survey included questions concerning the children's sociodemographic background; feeding and eating habits, particularly frequency of sweet beverage and food consumption; dental hygiene-related behaviors; the general oral health knowledge of caregivers; and the dental healthcare experience of caregivers and their children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 670 Uygur children underwent complete dental caries examination. Most of the children (74.2%) had ECC, with a mean dmft ± SD of 3.95 ± 3.84. The prevalence of severe ECC was 40.1% (N =269), with a mean dmft of 7.72 ± 3.14. More than 99% of caries were untreated. Statistically significant correlations were found between higher ECC prevalence and increased age and lower socioeconomic background, while greater dental health knowledge of the caregiver and positive oral hygiene behaviors were found to be protective. Our findings confirm the multi-factorial etiology of ECC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of ECC among preschool-aged Uygur children in Kashgar was high, particularly among those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Caries prevalence was associated with oral hygiene behaviors of children and the general oral health knowledge of caregivers. These factors could be modified through public health strategies, including effective publicity concerning general dental health and practical health advice.
authors.forename: Jibieke
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wulaerhan
authors.forename: Ayinuer
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abudureyimu
authors.forename: Xue-Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, People's Republic of China. merryljin@sina.com.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D017028:Caregivers / Q000193:education; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004245:DMF Index; D003729:Dental Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D004522:Educational Status; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009910:Oral Hygiene / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012423:Rural Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012923:Social Class; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000473:pathology; D014504:Urban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data