title: Reliability of movement control tests on the cervical spine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Movement control impairment reduces active control of movement. Patients with this might form an important subgroup among patients with mechanical cervical pain. Diagnosis is based on the observation of active movement tests. Although widely used clinically, few studies have been performed to determine the reliability of a test battery. The aim of this study was to determine the inter-tester reliability of movement control impairment [MCI] tests on the cervical spine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five subjects (31 patients with neck pain, 14 healthy controls) were videotaped while performing a standardized test battery consisting of 13 tests of active movement control. Using observation, two experienced physiotherapists independently rated test performances as correct or incorrect. One of them was blinded to all other patient information and both to each other. Kappa coefficients and 95% confidence intervals [CI] for inter-tester results were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The kappa values for inter-tester reliability ranged in from 0.47-1.0 of the 13 tests, 2 demonstrated perfect reliability (k = 1.0), 4 excellent (k 0.81-0.99), 6 substantial (k 0.61-0.8) and 1 good (k 0.41-0.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The physiotherapists were able reliably rate the majority the tests in this series of motor control tasks. There have been studies performed describing the assessment and treatment of movement control impairment problems and low back pain. However, no study has involved the assessment of the cervical dysfunction subgroup. This study presents a reliable test battery, for clinical use, to perform more specific examination of this subgroup.
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patroncini
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hannig
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meichtry
authors.affiliation: Zurich University of Applied Sciences, School of health professions, Institute of Physiotherapy, Technikumstrasse 70, 8400 Winterthur, Switzerland. luom@zhaw.ch.
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luomajoki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016037:Single-Blind Method