title: Recurrent Clostridium difficile infection treated with home fecal transplantation: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clostridium difficile infection causes severe diarrhea, abdominal pain and weight loss. A course of metronidazole is the initial treatment; however up to 40% of patients have at least one recurrence. Some patients have recurrent infections requiring further treatment with vancomycin, others need multiple courses of expensive treatment. Fecal transplantation has been proposed as an effective treatment option for patients with recurrences. We report the case of a patient with recurrent Clostridium difficile infection unresponsive to usual treatment and her experience with home fecal transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 66-year-old Canadian Caucasian woman presented to her family doctor in December 2012 with a 10-day history of explosive watery diarrhea. She was diagnosed with Clostridium difficile infection and treated with metronidazole. Diarrhea recurred and despite treatment with vancomycin and finally, fidaxomicin, she continued to have recurrent Clostridium difficile infection over the following four months. A formal fecal transplantation program was not available in her home province; therefore home fecal transplantation was performed under supervision by her family physician. This was the first case of fecal transplantation performed in the province and was done outside of a hospital setting. She recovered immediately and has been well for the past year since the procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Home fecal transplantation by rectal enema is a viable, safe and practical option for patients with recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. It is less costly and uses fewer resources than traditional delivery methods through nasogastric tube, upper endoscopy or colonoscopy. Patients and their families and donors need medical supervision through the process of screening, telephone availability during the procedure and medical follow-up. This can be done by family physicians without the need for expensive hospital care and subsequent follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, 300 Prince Phillip Drive, St, John's, NF A1B 3V6, Canada. pduke@mun.ca.
authors.forename: Pauline S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Duke
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fardy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016360:Clostridioides difficile; D003015:Clostridium Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D004733:Enema / Q000379:methods*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D012008:Recurrence; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods; D019737:Transplants / Q000382:microbiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome