title: HIV reservoir dynamics in the face of highly active antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: Upon discontinuation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals experience a brisk rebound in blood plasma viremia due to the exodus of HIV from various body reservoirs. Assessment of HIV dynamics during HAART and following treatment discontinuation is essential to better understand HIV persistence. Here we will first provide a brief overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in HIV reservoir formation and persistence. After a summary of HAART-mediated HIV decay within peripheral blood, we discuss findings from clinical studies examining the effects of HAART initiation and interruption on HIV reservoir dynamics in major anatomical compartments, including lymph nodes and spleen, gut associated lymphoid tissue, reproductive organs, the central nervous system, and the lungs. Features contributing to these reservoirs as distinct compartments, including anatomical features, the presence of drug transporters, and the effect of co-infection, are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medicine, Divisions of Infectious Diseases/Chronic Viral Illness Service and Lachine Hospital, McGill University Health Centre , Montreal, Quebec, Canada .
authors.forename: Cecilia T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Costiniuk
authors.forename: Mohammad-Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jenabian
mesh_terms: D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000379:methods*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000502:physiology*; D012008:Recurrence; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019562:Viral Load; D014766:Viremia / Q000188:drug therapy; D017735:Virus Latency; D014779:Virus Replication; D028761:Withholding Treatment
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral