title: Comparative effects of Orchis anatolica vs. the red Korean Panax ginseng treatments on testicular structure and function of adult male mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects of Orchis anatolica plant roots on adult male mice testicular structure and function were explored and compared with those of the red Korean Panax ginseng.
  
  
  METHODS
  Both plants were administered orally to two separate mice groups at a dose of 800 mg/kg/day for 35 days and compared with control group. After treatment, 5 mice of each group were sacrificed and total mice weights, reproductive organs' weights, spermatogenesis, and androgenic serum markers were investigated. The remaining mice from all groups were allowed to mate with virgin female mice to explore male fertility potential.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RESULTS indicated that body and organs' weights were increased significantly in mice treated with Orchis anatolica where only slight changes were observed in red Korean Panax ginseng treated and control mice. Intestinal testicular Leydig cells and germinal cells counts were elevated significantly in mice treated with Orchis anatolica plant when compared with the other two groups. Testicular dynamics parameters recorded in both testes and caudae epididymides were found to be increased only in Orchis anatolica treated mice. Although testosterone serum titer was observed to be elevated in both treated mice groups a marked elevation was observed only in Orchis anatolica treated mice. Follicular stimulating hormone blood serum titer was also elevated obtained in Orchis anatolica treated mice when compared with the other two groups. The fertility index of male mice treated with Orchis anatolica plant was enhanced to a greater value when allowed mating with virgin female mice if compared with male mice fertility index recorded in the other two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We can conclude that Orchis anatolica plant could be more useful to improve testicular functions and structural parameters in mice when compared with red Korean Panax ginseng.
authors.forename: Nabil A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Khouri
authors.forename: Haytham M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Daradka
authors.forename: Mohammed Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Allouh
authors.forename: Ahmad S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Alkofahi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005298:Fertility / Q000187:drug effects*; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D007985:Leydig Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D029595:Orchidaceae; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D005894:Panax; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots; D013737:Testis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D013739:Testosterone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone