title: Efficacy of a couple-based randomized controlled trial to help Latino fathers quit smoking during pregnancy and postpartum: the Parejas trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although many Latinos in the United States smoke, they receive assistance to quit less often than non-Latinos. To address this disparity, we recruited Latino couples into a randomized controlled trial and provided a smoking cessation program during a teachable moment, when men's partners were pregnant.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared two interventions: (i) written materials plus nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to (ii) materials, NRT, and couple-based counseling that addressed smoking cessation and couples communication. We recruited 348 expectant fathers who smoked via their pregnant partners from county health departments. Our primary outcome was 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence and was collected from November 2010 through April 2013 and analyzed in February 2014.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found high rates of cessation but no arm differences in smoking rates at the end of pregnancy (0.31 vs. 0.30, materials only vs. counseling, respectively) and 12 months after randomization (postpartum: 0.39 vs. 0.38). We found high quit rates among nondaily smokers but no arm differences (0.43 vs. 0.46 in pregnancy and 0.52 vs. 0.48 postpartum). Among daily smokers, we found lower quit rates with no arm differences but effects favoring the intervention arm (0.13 vs. 0.16 in pregnancy and 0.17 vs. 0.24 postpartum).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A less intensive intervention promoted cessation equal to more intensive counseling. Postpartum might be a more powerful time to promote cessation among Latino men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Less intensive interventions when delivered during teachable moments for Latino men could result in a high smoking cessation rate and could reduce disparities.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Control and Population Science, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina. Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina. kathryn.pollak@duke.edu.
authors.forename: Kathryn I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Pollak
authors.affiliation: Cancer Control and Population Science, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lyna
authors.affiliation: Cancer Control and Population Science, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Alicia K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bilheimer
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Kristina C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Bercedis L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.affiliation: Cancer Control and Population Science, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Xiaomei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Geeta K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Swamy
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. University of North Carolina, Greensboro, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Denman
authors.affiliation: Duke AHEC Program, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: El Centro Hispano, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Laura J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Fish
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005220:Fathers / Q000193:education*; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010174:Pamphlets; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control; D061485:Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; D057968:Transdermal Patch; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution