title: Men's Health Index: a pragmatic approach to stratifying and optimizing men's health.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The proposed Men's Health Index (MHI) aims to provide a practical and systematic framework for comprehensively assessing and stratifying older men with the intention of optimising their health and functional status.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search was conducted using PubMed from 1980 to 2012. We specifically looked for instruments which: assess men's health, frailty and fitness; predict life expectancy, mortality and morbidities. The instruments were assessed by the researchers who then agreed on the tools to be included in the MHI. When there was disagreements, the researchers discussed and reached a consensus guided by the principle that the MHI could be used in the primary care setting targetting men aged 55-65 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The instruments chosen include the Charlson's Combined Comorbidity-Age Index; the International Index of Erectile Function-5; the International Prostate Symptom Score; the Androgen Deficiency in Aging Male; the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe Frailty Instrument; the Sitting-Rising Test; the Senior Fitness Test; the Fitness Assessment Score; and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21. A pilot test on eight men was carried out and showed that the men's health index is viable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The concept of assessing, stratifying, and optimizing men's health should be incorporated into routine health care, and this can be implemented by using the MHI. This index is particularly useful to primary care physicians who are in a strategic position to engage men at the peri-retirement age in a conversation about their life goals based on their current and predicted health status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Sime Darby Medical Center, Subang Jaya, Malaysia. ; Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hui Meng
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Wei Phin
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jun Hoe
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Christopher Chee Kong
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Chin Hai
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Teo
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Chirk Jenn
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Ng
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008017:Life Expectancy / Q000639:trends*; D008297:Male; D054526:Men's Health / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends*
keywords: Health status indicators; Men; Physical fitness; Retirement