title: The role of biochemical risk factors in the etiology of AIS in children and adults.
abstract: Stroke is an abrupt onset of both focal and global neurological deficits secondary to a vascular event lasting more than 24 h and with a vascular background as its only cause. It can be triggered by a rupture of a blood vessel, aneurysm (hemorrhagic stroke, HS), thrombosis or embolisms (ischemic stroke, IS). In developed countries, it is the third most common cause of death in the adult population. Stroke in children is a rare disorder with a reported frequency of about 3 cases per 100,000 children per year. The history of acute brain ischemia is burdened with neurological complications such as motor impairment, speech impairment and intellectual delay. Moreover, in children after AIS seizures and epilepsy are also quite common. Stroke is a heterogeneous disorder; its risk factors in adults are well known, however, in pediatrics, in more than 20% cases, the cause of stroke is impossible to determine. Due to the fact that stroke usually arises as a consequence of the cerebral thrombosis, many of the mechanisms responsible for its occurrence can be considered as risk factors. We have reviewed the recent case-control studies conducted on pediatric patients regarding biochemical risk factors such as elevated levels of homocysteine, fibrinogen, protein C, protein S, antithrombin III, lipoprotein(a), cholesterol and its fractions, and compared them with the results obtained from adult patients.
authors.affiliation: a School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Department of Paediatrics and Developmental Age Neurology , Chair of Paediatrics, Katowice , Poland.
authors.forename: Ilona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kopyta
authors.affiliation: b School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Department of Paediatrics and Developmental Age Neurology, Chair of Paediatrics, Student Scientific Association , Katowice , Poland.
authors.forename: Mikołaj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zimny
authors.affiliation: c School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Department of Drug Form Technology, Chair of Applied Pharmacy , Sosnowiec , Poland.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sarecka-Hujar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D006710:Homocysteine; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: adults; arterial ischemic stroke; children; risk factors