title: Effect of stoned olive pomace on rumen microbial communities and polyunsaturated fatty acid biohydrogenation: an in vitro study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stoned olive pomace (SOP), which represents approximately 50% of the conversion process of olives to olive oil, is largely not utilised and creates costs for its disposal and has negative environmental impacts. In vitro trial experiments were employed to study the effect of feeds integrated with this bio-waste, which is rich in polyphenols, on rumen biohydrogenation, using sheep rumen liquor as inoculum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fatty acid (FA) analysis and a polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) approach aimed at characterising the microbial community indicated that including SOP in feeds at the level of 50 g/kg and 90 g/kg induced changes in the FA profile and microbial populations. The simultaneous decrease of Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus and accumulation of vaccenic acid was observed. A depression in the populations of Neisseria weaveri, Ruminobacter amylophilus and other unclassified bacteria related to members of the Lachnospiraceae and Pasteurellaceae families was detected, suggesting that these microbial groups may be involved in rumen biohydrogenation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Supplementation of feeds with SOP alters the rumen bacterial community, including bacteria responsible for the hydrogenation of vaccenic acid to stearic acid, thereby modifying the FA profile of the rumen liquor. Hence, a use of SOP aimed to produce meat or dairy products enriched in functional lipids can be hypothesised.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agro-alimentari e dell'Ambiente, Università di Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144, Firenze, Italy. grazia.pallara@unifi.it.
authors.forename: Grazia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pallara
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agro-alimentari e dell'Ambiente, Università di Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144, Firenze, Italy. arianna.buccioni@unifi.it.
authors.forename: Arianna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buccioni
authors.affiliation: Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrobiologia e la Pedologia, Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Piazza Massimo D'Azeglio 30, 50121, Firenze, Italy. roberta.pastorelli@entecra.it.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pastorelli
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agro-alimentari e dell'Ambiente, Università di Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144, Firenze, Italy. sara.minieri@unifi.it.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minieri
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy. marcello.mele@unipi.it.
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mele
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agro-alimentari e dell'Ambiente, Università di Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144, Firenze, Italy. stefano.rapaccini@unifi.it.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rapaccini
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agro-alimentari e dell'Ambiente, Università di Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144, Firenze, Italy. anna.messini@unifi.it.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Messini
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biologia Applicata, Università di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy. mariano.pauselli@unipg.it.
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pauselli
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Economico-Estimative e degli Alimenti, Università di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy. maurizio.servili@unipg.it.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Servili
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agro-alimentari e dell'Ambiente, Università di Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144, Firenze, Italy. luciana.giovannetti@unifi.it.
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giovannetti
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agro-alimentari e dell'Ambiente, Università di Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144, Firenze, Italy. carlo.viti@unifi.it.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Viti
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D045856:Butyrivibrio / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004586:Electrophoresis / Q000662:veterinary; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000378:metabolism*; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D006865:Hydrogenation / Q000187:drug effects; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009343:Neisseria / Q000187:drug effects; D031658:Olea; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D012417:Rumen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated