title: The influence of early feeding practices on healthy diet variety score among pre-school children in four European birth cohorts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study examined whether maternal diet and early infant feeding experiences relating to being breast-fed and complementary feeding influence the range of healthy foods consumed in later childhood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from four European birth cohorts were studied. Healthy Plate Variety Score (HPVS) was calculated using FFQ. HPVS assesses the variety of healthy foods consumed within and across the five main food groups. The weighted numbers of servings consumed of each food group were summed; the maximum score was 5. Associations between infant feeding experiences, maternal diet and the HPVS were tested using generalized linear models and adjusted for appropriate confounders.
  
  
  METHODS
  The British Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), the French Etude des Déterminants pre et postnatals de la santé et du développement de L'Enfant study (EDEN), the Portuguese Generation XXI Birth Cohort and the Greek EuroPrevall cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pre-school children and their mothers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean HPVS for each of the cohorts ranged from 2.3 to 3.8, indicating that the majority of children were not eating a full variety of healthy foods. Never being breast-fed or being breast-fed for a short duration was associated with lower HPVS at 2, 3 and 4 years of age in all cohorts. There was no consistent association between the timing of complementary feeding and HPVS. Mother's HPVS was strongly positively associated with child's HPVS but did not greatly attenuate the relationship with breast-feeding duration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that being breast-fed for a short duration is associated with pre-school children eating a lower variety of healthy foods.
authors.affiliation: 1School of Social and Community Medicine,University of Bristol,Oakfield House,Oakfield Grove,Bristol BS8 2BN,UK.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Nutrition and Dietetics,Harokopio University,Athens,Greece.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moschonis
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Clinical Epidemiology,Predictive Medicine and Public Health,University of Porto Medical School,Porto,Portugal.
authors.forename: Andreia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: 5INSERM,Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP),U1018,Epidemiology of Diabetes,Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease Over the Life Course Team,Villejuif,France.
authors.forename: Blandine
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Lauzon-Guillain
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Nutrition and Dietetics,Harokopio University,Athens,Greece.
authors.forename: Yannis
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Manios
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Nutrition and Dietetics,Harokopio University,Athens,Greece.
authors.forename: Paraskevi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xepapadaki
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Clinical Epidemiology,Predictive Medicine and Public Health,University of Porto Medical School,Porto,Portugal.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: 5INSERM,Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP),U1018,Epidemiology of Diabetes,Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease Over the Life Course Team,Villejuif,France.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: 5INSERM,Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP),U1018,Epidemiology of Diabetes,Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease Over the Life Course Team,Villejuif,France.
authors.forename: Marie Aline
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Charles
authors.affiliation: 1School of Social and Community Medicine,University of Bristol,Oakfield House,Oakfield Grove,Bristol BS8 2BN,UK.
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Emmett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet; D005060:Europe; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ALSPAC; Breast-feeding; Cohort studies; Complementary feeding; Diet variety; EDEN; EuroPrevall; Generation XXI; Pre-school child; Variety score