title: On the comparison of a novel serious game and electroencephalography biomarkers for early dementia screening.
abstract: Patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment are at high risk for developing Alzheimer's disease. Besides episodic memory dysfunction they show deficits in accessing contextual knowledge that further specifies a general spatial navigation task or an executive function (EF) virtual action planning. Virtual reality (VR) environments have already been successfully used in cognitive rehabilitation and show increased potential for use in neuropsychological evaluation allowing for greater ecological validity while being more engaging and user friendly. In our study we employed the in-house platform of virtual action planning museum (VAP-M) and a sample of 25 MCI and 25 controls, in order to investigate deficits in spatial navigation, prospective memory, and executive function. In addition, we used the morphology of late components in event-related potential (ERP) responses, as a marker for cognitive dysfunction. The related measurements were fed to a common classification scheme facilitating the direct comparison of both approaches. Our results indicate that both the VAP-M and ERP averages were able to differentiate between healthy elders and patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and agree with the findings of the virtual action planning supermarket (VAP-S). The sensitivity (specificity) was 100% (98%) for the VAP-M data and 87% (90%) for the ERP responses. Considering that ERPs have proven to advance the early detection and diagnosis of "presymptomatic AD," the suggested VAP-M platform appears as an appealing alternative.
authors.affiliation: Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland, gtarnanas@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tarnanas
authors.forename: Nikos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Laskaris
authors.forename: Magda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsolaki
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muri
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nef
authors.forename: Urs P
authors.initials: UP
authors.lastname: Mosimann
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005717:Games, Experimental; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers