title: Role of Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 signaling pathways on the inflammatory response to resistance training in elderly subjects.
abstract: This study assessed the effects of a resistance exercise training program on the inflammatory response associated with Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 signaling pathways in senior participants. Twenty-six healthy subjects (age, 69.5 ± 1.3) were randomized to a training (TG; n = 16) or a control (CG; n = 10) group. TG performed an 8-week resistance training program, while CG followed their daily routines. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from blood samples obtained before and after the intervention, and levels of proteins involved in the TLR2, TLR4, and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)-dependent and MyD88-independent pathways were analyzed. The inflammatory status was evaluated through messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein content of interleukin (IL)-10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP). After the 8-week resistance training, TLR2 and TLR4 protein expression was reduced in TG. MyD88, p65, phospho-p38, TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon (TRIF), IKKi/IKKε, phospho-interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 3, and phosho-IRF7 were also downregulated in TG after the intervention. The training program induced an increase of phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and Hsp70 and a reduction of Hsp60. While TNF-α mRNA and protein values remained unchanged in both TG and CG, IL-10 mRNA and protein content were upregulated in TG after the intervention. CRP values decreased in TG only. The increase in Hsp70 negatively correlated with TLR2 and TLR4 downregulation. These data suggest that resistance exercise may represent an effective tool to ameliorate the pro-inflammatory status of old participants through an attenuation of MyD88-dependent and MyD88-independent TLR2 and TLR4 signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Campus Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Miguelez
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Gonzalo
authors.forename: Mar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Almar
authors.forename: Yubisay
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mejías
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rivas
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: de Paz
authors.forename: María J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cuevas
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: González-Gallego
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000886:Anthropometry; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D002097:C-Reactive Protein