title: Prospective study on prevalence of dermatological changes in patients under hemodialysis in hemodialysis units in Tanta University hospitals, Egypt.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic hemodialysis patients experience frequent and varied mucocutaneous manifestations in addition to hair and nail disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of dermatological changes among patients with end-stage renal disease under hemodialysis in a hemodialysis unit in Tanta University hospitals over a period of 6 months, and to evaluate the relations of these dermatological disorders with the duration of hemodialysis as well as with different laboratory parameters in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-three patients with end-stage renal disease on regular hemodialysis (56 males and 37 females) were selected and included in this cross-sectional, descriptive, analytic study. Their ages ranged from 18-80 years. All patients underwent thorough general and dermatological examinations. Laboratory investigations (complete blood counts, renal and liver function tests, serum parathormone levels, serum electrolytes, alkaline phosphatase, random blood sugar, and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies) were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study revealed that most patients had nonspecific skin changes, including xerosis, pruritus, pallor, ecchymosis, hyperpigmentation, and follicular hyperkeratosis. Nail and hair changes were commonly found, especially half and half nail, koilonychia, subungal hyperkeratosis, melanonychia, onychomycosis, and brittle and lusterless hair. Mucous membrane changes detected were pallor, xerostomia, macroglossia, bleeding gums, aphthous stomatitis, and yellow sclera. There was a significant positive correlation between the presence of pruritus and serum parathormone level. There was a significant negative correlation between the presence of mucous membrane changes and hemoglobin level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nonspecific mucocutaneous manifestations are common in patients on hemodialysis, particularly xerosis, dyspigmentation, and pruritus. Early and prompt recognition and treatment of dermatological conditions in patients on dialysis may improve their quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Dermatology and Venereology Department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
authors.forename: Basma
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mourad
authors.affiliation: Dermatology and Venereology Department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
authors.forename: Doaa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hegab
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
authors.forename: Kamal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okasha
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Health, Tanta, Egypt.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rizk
keywords: End-stage renal disease; hair disorders; nail disorders; skin changes