title: Toxicity testing of polymer materials for dialysis equipment: reconsidering in vivo testing.
abstract: In fulfilment of the aims of the European Union Biocidal Directive (Directive 98/8/EC), Technical Guidance Documents are currently being compiled. Part I of these Technical Guidance Documents covers data requirements for active substances and biocidal products. The Three Rs principle has been applied in certain parts of the toxicity and ecotoxicity testing scheme for pesticides, such as testing for acute oral toxicity, skin and eye irritation, skin sensitisation, and dermal absorption. Further recommendations on how to proceed with regard to the continuing replacement, reduction and refinement of animal experiments in this field of regulatory testing are included for consideration. In this context, besides stressing the necessity to validate and accept further alternatives, emphasis is placed on providing the possibility of waiving unnecessary tests and on the continuous evaluation of whether certain tests are needed at all.
authors.affiliation: Akademie für Tierschutz, Spechtstrasse 1, 85579 Neubiberg, Germany.
authors.forename: U G
authors.initials: UG
authors.lastname: Sauer
authors.affiliation: ZEBET, BgVV, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liebsch
authors.affiliation: Akademie für Tierschutz, Spechtstrasse 1, 85579 Neubiberg, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kolar