title: Validation of a chicken wing training model for endoscopic microsurgical dissection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if training with a chicken wing model improves performance of endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) with microvascular dissection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single-blinded randomized clinical trial of trainees with various levels of endoscopic experience was conducted to determine if prior training on a nonhuman model augments endoscopic skill and efficiency in a surrogate model for live surgery. Medical students, residents, and fellows were randomized to two groups: a control group that performed an endoscopic transantral internal maxillary artery dissection on a silicone-injected anatomical specimen, and an interventional group that underwent microvascular dissection training on a chicken wing model prior to performing the anatomic dissection on the cadaver specimen. Time to completion and quality of dissection were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A Mann-Whitney test demonstrated a significant improvement in time and quality outcomes respectively across all interventional groups, with the greatest improvements seen in participants with less endoscopic experience: medical students (P = .032, P = .008), residents and fellows (P = .016, P = .032).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prior training on the chicken wing model improves surgical performance in a surrogate model for live EES.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vaz-Guimaraes
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Miranda
authors.forename: Carl H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Snyderman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002102:Cadaver; D002645:Chickens; D004210:Dissection / Q000379:methods*; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000379:methods*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D009666:Nose / Q000601:surgery*; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods
keywords: Endoscopic endonasal surgery; microvascular dissection; training model