title: Single nucleotide differences (SNDs) continue to contaminate the dbSNP database with consequences for human genomics and health.
abstract: It has been established that up to 8.3% of the biallelic coding SNPs present in dbSNP are actually artefactual polymorphism-like errors, previously termed single nucleotide differences, or SNDs. In this study, a previous analysis of SNPs in dbSNP was extended and updated to examine how the incidence of SNDs has changed over an intervening five year period. The incidence of SNDs was found to be lower than in the previous analysis at 2.2% of all biallelic SNPs. There was only a modest reduction in the percentage of SNDs in the original set of biallelic coding SNPs tested. This suggests that the overall reduction in the incidence of SNDs over the intervening 5-year period is related to an improvement in SNP detection methods and more rigorous curation, rather than efforts to ameliorate the presence of SNDs. We note that SNDs contaminating the dbSNP may lead to erroneous conclusions on human conditions.
authors.affiliation: Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Jonathan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Arthur
authors.forename: Florence S G
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: Juergen K V
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Reichardt
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D030541:Databases, Genetic / Q000592:standards*; D015894:Genome, Human; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
keywords: SND; SNP; paralogue; single nucleotide difference