title: Biologic markers of failing implants.
abstract: Implants are exposed to a diverse oral environment and host responses that contribute to health or disease. For the last few decades, clinicians have relied on standard clinical and radiographic findings to assess the health of implants. However, recent studies involving the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis have identified microbial species and several putative biomarkers that could aid clinicians in this diagnostic process in the near future. This article provides an overview of the microbial species involved in implant health and disease and biomarkers found in oral fluids that relate to the underlying biological phases of a failing implant.
authors.affiliation: Division of Periodontics, Department of Oral Health Practice, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, D-440 Dental Science Building, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA. Electronic address: pinar.emecenhuja@uky.edu.
authors.forename: Pinar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Emecen-Huja
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Health Practice, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, MN320, Lexington, KY 40536-0297, USA.
authors.forename: Iquebal
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Health Practice, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, MN324, Lexington, KY 40536-0297, USA.
authors.forename: Craig S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: Biological markers; Microbiological markers; Peri-implantitis