title: An assessment of the new generation three-dimensional high definition laparoscopic vision system on surgical skills: a randomized prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Two-dimensional (2D) view is known to cause practical difficulties for surgeons in conventional laparoscopy. Our goal was to evaluate whether the new-generation, Three-Dimensional Laparoscopic Vision System (3D LVS) provides greater benefit in terms of execution time and error number during the performance of surgical tasks.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study tests the hypothesis that the use of the new generation 3D LVS can significantly improve technical ability on complex laparoscopic tasks in an experimental model. Twenty-four participants (8 experienced, 8 minimally experienced, and 8 inexperienced) were evaluated for 10 different tasks in terms of total execution time and error number. The 4-point lickert scale was used for subjective assessment of the two imaging modalities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All tasks were completed by all participants. Statistically significant difference was determined between 3D and 2D systems in the tasks of bead transfer and drop, suturing, and pick-and-place in the inexperienced group; in the task of passing through two circles with the needle in the minimally experienced group; and in the tasks of bead transfer and drop, suturing and passing through two circles with the needle in the experienced group. Three-dimensional imaging was preferred over 2D in 6 of the 10 subjective criteria questions on 4-point lickert scale.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of the tasks were completed in a shorter time using 3D LVS compared to 2D LVS. The subjective Likert-scale ratings from each group also demonstrated a clear preference for 3D LVS. New 3D LVS has the potential to improve the learning curve, and reduce the operating time and error rate during the performances of laparoscopic surgeons. Our results suggest that the new-generation 3D HD LVS will be helpful for surgeons in laparoscopy (Clinical Trial ID: NCT01799577, Protocol ID: BEHGynobs-4).
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Bagcilar, Istanbul, Turkey, tanerusta74@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Taner A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Usta
authors.forename: Aysel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozkaynak
authors.forename: Ebru
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kovalak
authors.forename: Erdinc
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ergul
authors.forename: M Murat
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Naki
authors.forename: Erdal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kaya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003867:Depth Perception; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000193:education*; D059032:Learning Curve; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061646:Operative Time; D011446:Prospective Studies; D066231:Surgeons