title: Antibody landscapes after influenza virus infection or vaccination.
abstract: We introduce the antibody landscape, a method for the quantitative analysis of antibody-mediated immunity to antigenically variable pathogens, achieved by accounting for antigenic variation among pathogen strains. We generated antibody landscapes to study immune profiles covering 43 years of influenza A/H3N2 virus evolution for 69 individuals monitored for infection over 6 years and for 225 individuals pre- and postvaccination. Upon infection and vaccination, titers increased broadly, including previously encountered viruses far beyond the extent of cross-reactivity observed after a primary infection. We explored implications for vaccination and found that the use of an antigenically advanced virus had the dual benefit of inducing antibodies against both advanced and previous antigenic clusters. These results indicate that preemptive vaccine updates may improve influenza vaccine efficacy in previously exposed individuals.
authors.affiliation: Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.|WHO Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.|Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fonville
authors.affiliation: Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.|WHO Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wilks
authors.affiliation: Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.|WHO Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: James
authors.affiliation: Oxford University Clinical Research Unit and Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.affiliation: Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ventresca
authors.affiliation: WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aban
authors.affiliation: WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.|WHO Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Oxford University Clinical Research Unit and Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: N M H
authors.initials: NMH
authors.lastname: Le
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Q T
authors.initials: QT
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.affiliation: Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford OX1 3PW, UK.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.|WHO Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mosterin
authors.affiliation: Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.|WHO Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Katzelnick
authors.affiliation: Insect Biomechanics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Labonte
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Le
authors.affiliation: Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van der Net
authors.affiliation: Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.|WHO Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Skepner
authors.affiliation: WHO Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.|Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.affiliation: bobblewire.com, Saint Louis, MO 63112, US.
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.affiliation: Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Rimmelzwaan
authors.affiliation: Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Masurel
authors.affiliation: Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.affiliation: Abbott Laboratories, Weesp 1380 DA, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palache
authors.affiliation: Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: W E P
authors.initials: WEP
authors.lastname: Beyer
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Q M
authors.initials: QM
authors.lastname: Le
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Oxford University Clinical Research Unit and Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hanoi, Vietnam.|Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
authors.forename: H F L
authors.initials: HFL
authors.lastname: Wertheim
authors.affiliation: WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia.|Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Hurt
authors.affiliation: Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: A D M E
authors.initials: ADME
authors.lastname: Osterhaus
authors.affiliation: WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia.
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.affiliation: Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: R A M
authors.initials: RAM
authors.lastname: Fouchier
authors.affiliation: Oxford University Clinical Research Unit and Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hanoi, Vietnam.|Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Horby
authors.affiliation: Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.|WHO Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.|Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D000940:Antigenic Variation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines