title: Detergent-free Decellularized Nerve Grafts for Long-gap Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long-gap peripheral nerve defects arising from tumor, trauma, or birth-related injuries requiring nerve reconstruction are currently treated using nerve autografts and nerve allografts. Autografts are associated with limited supply and donor-site morbidity. Allografts require administration of transient immunosuppressants, which has substantial associated risks. To overcome these limitations, we investigated the use of detergent-free decellularized nerve grafts to reconstruct long-gap nerve defects in a rodent model and compared it with existing detergent processing techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nerve grafts were harvested from the sciatic nerves of 9 donor rats. Twenty-four recipient rats were divided into 4 groups (6 animals per group): (1) nerve grafts (NG, positive control), (2) detergent-free decellularized (DFD) grafts, (3) detergent decellularized grafts, and (4) silicone tube conduits (negative control). Each recipient rat had a 3.5-cm graft or conduit sutured across a sciatic nerve transection injury. All animals were harvested at 12 weeks postimplantation for functional muscle analysis and nerve histomorphometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histomorphometry results indicated maximum growth in NG when compared with other groups. DFD and detergent decellularized groups showed comparable regeneration at 12 weeks. Silicone tube group showed no regeneration as expected. Muscle force data indicated functional recovery in NG and DFD groups only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study describes a detergent-free nerve decellularization technique for reconstruction of long-gap nerve injuries. We compared DFD grafts with an established detergent processing technique and found that DFD nerve grafts are successful in promoting regeneration across long-gap peripheral nerve defects as an alternative to existing strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex.; Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Tex.; Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex.; Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis.; and Nerves Incorporated, Dallas, Tex.
authors.forename: Srikanth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vasudevan
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex.; Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Tex.; Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex.; Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis.; and Nerves Incorporated, Dallas, Tex.
authors.forename: Jiying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex.; Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Tex.; Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex.; Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis.; and Nerves Incorporated, Dallas, Tex.
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Botterman
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex.; Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Tex.; Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex.; Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis.; and Nerves Incorporated, Dallas, Tex.
authors.forename: Hani S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Matloub
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex.; Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Tex.; Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex.; Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis.; and Nerves Incorporated, Dallas, Tex.
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Keefer
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex.; Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Tex.; Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex.; Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis.; and Nerves Incorporated, Dallas, Tex.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng