title: Past, present, and future rehabilitation practice patterns for patients with heart failure: the European perspective.
abstract: The recent European Society of Cardiology position paper strongly advises participation of patients with stable heart failure (HF) in structured exercise training (ET) programs, and in most recent years considerable efforts have been put into standardization of exercise prescription. Up to now, 3 ET modalities are proposed for HF populations with variable combinations and extent of effects: (1) endurance aerobic (continuous and interval); (2) strength/resistance; (3) respiratory. Irrespective of ET modalities, most of the studies have clearly demonstrated significant improvements in exercise physiology (ie, oxygen consumption, muscle function, and ventilation), quality of life, and left ventricular function.
authors.affiliation: Heart Failure Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milano, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Labate
authors.affiliation: Heart Failure Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milano, Milano, Italy. Electronic address: marco.guazzi@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guazzi
mesh_terms: D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends*; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends
keywords: Cardiopulmonary testing; Exercise performance; Exercise training; Peak Vo(2); Ventilation