title: Characterizing upper urinary tract dilation on ultrasound: a survey of North American pediatric radiologists' practices.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radiologists commonly evaluate children first diagnosed with urinary tract dilation on prenatal ultrasound (US).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To establish how North American pediatric radiologists define and report findings of urinary tract dilation on US.
  
  
  METHODS
  A web-based survey was sent to North American members of the Society for Pediatric Radiology (SPR) from January to February 2014. Reporting practices and interpretation of three image-based cases using free text were queried. Responses to close-ended questions were analyzed with descriptive statistics, while free-text responses to the three cases were categorized and analyzed as (1) using either descriptive terminology or an established numerical grading system and (2) as providing a quantitative term for the degree of dilation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred eighty-four pediatric radiologists answered the survey resulting in a response rate of 19.0%. There is a great variety in the terms used to describe urinary tract dilation with 66.2% using descriptive terminology, 35.6% using Society for Fetal Urology (SFU) grading system and 35.9% measuring anterior-posterior diameter (APD) of the renal pelvis. There is no consensus for a normal postnatal APD or the meaning of hydronephrosis. For the same images, descriptions vary widely in degree of severity ranging from normal to mild to severe. Similar variability exists among those using the SFU system. Ninety-seven percent say they believe a unified descriptive system would be helpful and 87.7% would use it if available.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pediatric radiologists do not have a standardized method for describing urinary tract dilation but have a great desire for such a system and would follow it if available.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Hasbro Children's Hospital/Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA, swenson.david.w@gmail.com.
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Swenson
authors.forename: Kassa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Darge
authors.forename: Sonja I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Ziniel
authors.forename: Jeanne S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chow
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D009656:North America; D010820:Physicians; D011247:Pregnancy; D011871:Radiology / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012955:Societies, Medical; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014481:United States; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*