title: Different approaches for interpretation and reporting of immunohistochemistry analysis results in the bone tissue - a review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a well-established, widely accepted method in both clinical and experimental parts of medical science. It allows receiving valuable information about any process in any tissue, and especially in bone. Each year the amount of data, received by IHC, grows in geometric progression. But the lack of standardization, especially on the post-analytical stage (interpreting and reporting of results), makes the comparison of the results of different studies impossible.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comprehensive PubMED literature search with a combination of search words "immunohistochemistry" and "scoring system" was performed and 773 articles describing IHC results were identified. After further manual analysis 120 articles were selected for detailed evaluation of used approaches.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six major approaches to the interpretation and presentation of IHC analysis results were identified, analyzed and described.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overview of the existing approaches in evaluation and interpretation of IHC data, which are provided in the article, can be used in bone tissue research and for either better understanding of existing scoring systems or developing a new one. Standard multiparametric, semiquantitative IHC scoring systems should simplify and clarify the process of interpretation and reporting of received data.
  The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/13000_2014_221.
authors.affiliation: Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany. fedchenko.nick@gmail.com.|Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, SE "Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of Health Ministry of Ukraine", Dzerginskogo st. 9, 49044, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine. fedchenko.nick@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nickolay
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fedchenko
authors.affiliation: Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany. janin.reifenrath@tiho-hannover.de.
authors.forename: Janin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reifenrath
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057205:Automation, Laboratory / Q000592:standards; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D032921:Consensus; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000592:standards*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D058028:Research Report / Q000592:standards*; D009626:Terminology as Topic
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers