title: Tourniquet use in orthopedic surgery: a descriptive survey study among Turkish orthopedic surgeons and residents in Istanbul.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate and interpret the trends in tourniquet use and the accuracy of knowledge among Turkish orthopedic physicians through face-to-face survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Turkish orthopedic physicians actively practicing operative orthopedics were questioned in a 12 question face-to-face survey. Personal information of physicians, preferred cuff pressure (CP) and tourniquet inflation time (TIT) and the source of the information for these preferences were questioned. Answers gathered were analyzed statistically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The survey was completed by 211 orthopedic physicians. Mean preferred CP and TIT was 247.1 mmHg and 108.6 minutes, respectively, in the upper limb (UL) and 345.02 mmHg and 122.4 minutes, respectively, in the lower limb (LL). A statistically significant correlation was found between the amount of pressure preferred in the LL and the years of practice; longer the years in practice, higher the amount of pressure preferred (r=0.144, p=0.04). Tourniquets were used for a maximum period of 120 minutes for the UL by 95.7% of participants and for the LL by 84.8%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The amount of CP used by the orthopedic physicians surveyed is inconsistent with the literature with frequent use of CP higher than those scientifically recommended. The outcomes of the survey should be cautionary for orthopedic physicians to review the current utilization and replace personal teachings and experience-based methods with evidence-based best practices for tourniquet application.
authors.affiliation: Metin Sabancı Baltalimanı Bone Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul, Turkey. merter_99@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Merter
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yalçınkaya
authors.affiliation: Metin Sabancı Baltalimanı Bone Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sökücü
authors.affiliation: Gaziosmanpaşa Taksim Training and Research Hospital, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sinan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Erdoğan
authors.affiliation: Metin Sabancı Baltalimanı Bone Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yavuz S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kabukçuoğlu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital; D008875:Middle Aged; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011786:Quality Control; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014111:Tourniquets / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014421:Turkey