title: Tandem measurements of iron and creatinine by cross injection analysis with application to urine from thalassemic patients.
abstract: This work presents development of a method for the dual determination of Fe(III) and creatinine using cross injection analysis (CIA). Two CIA platforms connected in series accommodated sample and reagents plugs aspirated via y-direction channels while water was pumped through the x-direction channel toward a flow-through cell of a diode array UV-vis. detector. Iron was detected from the colorimetric reaction between Fe(II) and 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-(N-propyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)amino) aniline (5-Br-PSAA), with prior reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) by ascorbic acid. The Jaffe's reaction was employed for the detection of creatinine. Under the optimal conditions, good linearity ranges were achieved for iron in the range 0.5 to 7 mg L(-1) and creatinine in the range 50 to 800 mg L(-1). The CIA system was applied to spot urine samples from thalassemic patients undergoing iron chelation therapy, and was successfully validated with ICP-OES and batchwise Jaffe's method. Normalization of urinary iron excretion with creatinine is useful for correcting the iron concentration between urine samples due to variation of the collected urine volume.
authors.affiliation: Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs), Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Chemistry and the Applied Analytical Chemistry Research Unit, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut׳s Institute of Technology, Ladkrabang, Chalongkrung Road, Bangkok 10520, Thailand. Electronic address: nchoengchan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Choengchan
authors.affiliation: Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs), Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mantim
authors.affiliation: Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs), Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Chemistry and the Applied Analytical Chemistry Research Unit, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut׳s Institute of Technology, Ladkrabang, Chalongkrung Road, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Inpota
authors.affiliation: Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs), Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nacapricha
authors.affiliation: Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs), Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wilairat
authors.affiliation: Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs), Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23 Road, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jittangprasert
authors.affiliation: Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs), Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Waiyawat
authors.affiliation: Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom 73170, Thailand.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fucharoen
authors.affiliation: Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom 73170, Thailand.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sirankpracha
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: N Phumala
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Morales
mesh_terms: D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000295:instrumentation; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine*; D000077543:Deferiprone; D004867:Equipment Design; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000652:urine*; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000652:urine*; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D057230:Limit of Detection; D011728:Pyridones / Q000737:chemistry; D013789:Thalassemia / Q000652:urine*; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents; D011728:Pyridones; D000077543:Deferiprone; C062965:2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-(N-propyl-N-sulfopropylamino)aniline; D003404:Creatinine; D007501:Iron
keywords: Creatinine; Cross injection analysis; Iron; Tandem measurements; Urine