title: Decreased microRNA-224 and its clinical significance in non-small cell lung cancer patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  MicroRNA-224 has been proven dysregulated in some human malignancies and correlated with tumor progression. However, its expression and clinical significance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the effects of miR-224 in NSCLC tumorigenesis and development.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using real-time quantitative RT-PCR, we detected miR-224 expression in NSCLC cell lines and primary tumor tissues. The association of miR-224 expression with clinicopathological factors and prognosis was also statistically analyzed. MTT, flow cytometric, Transwell invasion and migration assays, and scratch migration assay were used to test the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration of NSCLC cells after miR-224 mimics transfection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MiR-224 expression levels were significantly down-regulated in NSCLC compared to the corresponding noncancerous lung tissues (P <0.001). In addition, decreased miR-224 expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.002), advanced TNM stage (P <0.001), and shorter overall survival (P <0.001). Multivariate regression analysis corroborated that down-regulation of miR-224 was an independent unfavourable prognostic factor for patients with NSCLC. Furthermore, transfection of miR-224 mimics in NSCLC A549 cells was able to reduce cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, and promote cell apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that miR-224 may act not only as a novel diagnostic and prognostic marker, but also as a potential target for miR-based therapy of NSCLC.
  The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/13000_2014_198.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, P.R. China. manuzhudan@163.com.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, P.R. China. manuch@163.com.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, P.R. China. manuxy@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiguang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, P.R. China. manuwsc@163.com.
authors.forename: Weisong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, P.R. China. manulyw@163.com.
authors.forename: Linying
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, P.R. China. manujlx@163.com.
authors.forename: Jilin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, P.R. China. manuly@163.com.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: C546140:MIRN224 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs