title: EDTA: a synthetic draw solute for forward osmosis.
abstract: The draw solution is the driving force of the forward osmosis (FO) process; however, the solute loss of the draw solute to the feed side is a general, financial limitation for most applications. The anthropogenic amino acid ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was investigated as a draw solution for FO. At concentrations of approximately 1.0 osmol/kg, EDTA demonstrated comparable water fluxes (Jv = 5.29 L/m(2) h) to the commonly used salt, NaCl (Jv = 4.86 L/m(2) h), and both produced better water fluxes than glucose (Jv = 3.46 L/m(2) h). EDTA showed the lowest solute loss with Js (reverse solute loss or solute leakage) = 0.54 g/m(2) h. The molecular weight, degree of ionisation and charge of EDTA played a major role in this efficiency and EDTA was therefore well rejected by the membrane, showing a low Js/Jv ratio of 0.10 g/L. Owing to the low solute loss of EDTA and its resistance to biodegradation, this compound has the potential to be used as a draw solute for FO during long periods without requiring much replenishment.
authors.affiliation: Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN, Delft, The Netherlands E-mail: klutchmiah@tudelft.nl; KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Post box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Kerusha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lutchmiah
authors.affiliation: KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Post box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Post
authors.affiliation: Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN, Delft, The Netherlands E-mail: klutchmiah@tudelft.nl.
authors.forename: Luuk C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Rietveld
authors.affiliation: KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Post box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Emile R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Cornelissen
mesh_terms: D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry; D009995:Osmosis; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride; D004492:Edetic Acid; D005947:Glucose