title: The Last Meter: Blind Visual Guidance to a Target.
abstract: Smartphone apps can use object recognition software to provide information to blind or low vision users about objects in the visual environment. A crucial challenge for these users is aiming the camera properly to take a well-framed picture of the desired target object. We investigate the effects of two fundamental constraints of object recognition - frame rate and camera field of view - on a blind person's ability to use an object recognition smartphone app. The app was used by 18 blind participants to find visual targets beyond arm's reach and approach them to within 30 cm. While we expected that a faster frame rate or wider camera field of view should always improve search performance, our experimental results show that in many cases increasing the field of view does not help, and may even hurt, performance. These results have important implications for the design of object recognition systems for blind users.
authors.affiliation: Computer Engineering Dept., University of California, Santa Cruz, manduchi@soe.ucsc.edu.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manduchi
authors.affiliation: Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Inst., San Francisco, CA, coughlan@ski.org.
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Coughlan
keywords: Assistive technology; Blindness; Camera-based access to information; H.5.2. Information interfaces and presentation: User Interfaces-- Input devices and strategies; Interaction styles; Wayfinding