title: Effects of feeding diets rich in α-linolenic acid and copper on performance, carcass characteristics, and fatty acid profiles of feedlot heifers.
abstract: Our objective was to evaluate whether feeding elevated Cu concentrations in conjunction with Linpro, a co-extruded blend of field peas and flaxseed, affected in vitro fermentation, performance, and plasma lipid profiles of fattening beef heifers. In study 1, 2 in vitro trials were conducted as randomized complete experiments with a 2×2 factorial treatment arrangement (10 or 100 mg/kg added Cu and 0 or 10% Linpro, DM basis) to determine VFA/gas production and IVDMD. Linpro contains 12% α-linolenic acid and added vitamins and minerals. In study 2, a randomized complete block experiment with a 2×2 factorial treatment arrangement was conducted with the same previously described treatment. Crossbred yearling heifers (n=261; 351±23 kg initial BW) were blocked by weight into heavy and light groups and randomly assigned to experimental pens containing 10 or 11 heifers each. In study 1, no interactions between levels of Cu and Linpro were observed. Copper concentration did not affect IVDMD (P>0.2) but increased (P<0.05) by 1.2% when Linpro was included. Final pH was not effected by added Cu (P>0.05), but pH increased when Linpro was added (P<0.05). Total VFA were greater in high-Cu treatments (P=0.038) and molar proportions were not affected (P>0.34). Linpro had no effect on total VFA (P=0.46) and molar proportions of propionate and isobutyrate increased whereas acetate and the acetate:propionate ratio decreased (P<0.01). Linpro increased the production of H2S (30% higher; P=0.05), and Cu inclusion slightly increased CO2 proportion (64.06 vs. 67.58% for Linpro vs. Cu treatments, respectively). In study 2, there were no interactions between levels of Linpro and supplemental Cu except for plasma n-6:n-3 ratio (P<0.01). Final BW were similar for cattle fed 0 and 10% Linpro (581 vs. 588 kg; P>0.20), but cattle fed diets with Linpro consumed less feed (14.08 vs. 13.59 kg/d; P<0.05) and were therefore more efficient (0.129 vs. 0.137 for 0 vs. 10% Linpro, respectively; P<0.01). Carcass traits were not affected by treatment. Feeding elevated levels of Cu did not appreciably alter PUFA proportions in plasma and LM. Plasma and LM concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids, including C18:3, C20:5, and C22:5, were greater for heifers fed Linpro (P<0.05). Increasing dietary Cu was not effective as a strategy for decreasing ruminal biohydrogenation and subsequent tissue deposition of PUFA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Alvarado-Gilis
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences.
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Aperce
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Van Bibber-Krueger
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uwituze
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences jdrouill@ksu.edu.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Drouillard
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Higgins
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects*; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D019597:Flax / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D003300:Copper
keywords: biohydrogenation; flaxseed; protection