title: Local interfractional setup reproducibility for 2 individual head and neck supports in head and neck cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In radiation therapy, head and neck (H&N) supports and thermoplastic masks are used to reproduce the setup of patients for H&N treatment. Individualized supports that include the shoulders may improve the immobilization of the upper thorax region. The purpose of this study was to compare the local misalignment of the supraclavicular region using a vacuum cushion H&N support to a more simple in-house modified, clinically standard H&N support.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of 15 patients were evaluated: the first group of patients was positioned using a vacuum cushion as an individual head support and the second group with a modified Posifix headrest (MPH). A total of 316 cone beam computed tomography (CBCTs; ~ 10 scans per patient) were evaluated using a multiple region of interest registration protocol. Local setup errors were measured using chamfer matching on the CBCT scan to the planning CT scan for 9 bony structures (cervical vertebrae 1, 3, 5, and 7 [C7], lower jaw, hyoid bone, larynx, skull, and jugular notch). In this study, we compared the local residual misalignments of the bony structures and in particular those of the jugular notch and C7 as surrogates of the shoulders and thorax region. The workload was qualitatively evaluated on the basis of open interviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The significant differences in group mean, systematic error, and random error of the local residual misalignments between the 2 groups for jugular notch and C7 were equal or smaller than 0.5 mm and 0.1 degrees, and for the other 7 bony structures were equal to or smaller than 0.6 mm and 1.2 degrees (larynx). There were no large differences in workload.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No clinically relevant differences were found between a modified Posifix headrest and an individual vacuum cushion for H&N cancer patients in local posture change at the level of the clavicle and upper thorax.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van Beek
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mencarelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Remeijer
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan-Jakob
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sonke
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: c.r.rasch@amc.uva.nl.
authors.forename: Coen R N
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Rasch
mesh_terms: D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D007103:Immobilization / Q000379:methods; D056888:Patient Positioning / Q000379:methods*; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results