title: Scalable low-cost fabrication of disposable paper sensors for DNA detection.
abstract: Controlled integration of features that enhance the analytical performance of a sensor chip is a challenging task in the development of paper sensors. A critical issue in the fabrication of low-cost biosensor chips is the activation of the device surface in a reliable and controllable manner compatible with large-scale production. Here, we report stable, well-adherent, and repeatable site-selective deposition of bioreactive amine functionalities and biorepellant polyethylene glycol-like (PEG) functionalities on paper sensors by aerosol-assisted, atmospheric-pressure, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. This approach requires only 20 s of deposition time, compared to previous reports on cellulose functionalization, which takes hours. A detailed analysis of the near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and its sensitivity to the local electronic structure of the carbon and nitrogen functionalities. σ*, π*, and Rydberg transitions in C and N K-edges are presented. Application of the plasma-processed paper sensors in DNA detection is also demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States.
authors.forename: Ram P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Gandhiraman
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nordlund
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jayan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meyyappan
authors.forename: Jessica E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Koehne
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D004209:Disposable Equipment; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010209:Paper; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018511:Systems Integration
chemical_list: D004247:DNA
keywords: DNA detection; NEXAFS; X-ray absorption; cellulose functionalization; paper sensors