title: Severe postprostatectomy incontinence: Is there an association between preoperative urodynamic findings and outcome of incontinence surgery?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated urodynamic findings in prostate cancer patients with self-reported persistent severe postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (PPI) as well as the outcome of incontinence surgery. The main aim was to evaluate the ability of preoperative urodynamic dysfunctions to predict the outcome of incontinence surgery. The hypothesis was that preoperative bladder dysfunction was predictive of an unsuccessful surgical outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on patient-reported adverse effects after radical prostatectomy (RP) in 2005-2009, 94 men with persistent severe PPI were invited in 2011 to a clinical examination including urodynamics. When indicated, surgery for PPI was offered, and by January 2014, 46 patients had been operated on with either an artificial urinary sphincter or a sling. The outcome of PPI surgery was evaluated with a follow-up questionnaire. Successful outcome was defined in two ways: patient-reported satisfaction and using one or fewer pads/day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 94 men with severe PPI more than 12 months after RP, 76 patients (81% response rate) met for clinical examination. Among them, 99% had intrinsic sphincter deficiency, in 67% coexisting with urodynamic bladder dysfunction. The presence of preoperative bladder dysfunction was not predictive of the outcome of PPI surgery. Preoperative use of fewer pads, less severe PPI, and a longer interval between RP and PPI surgery were associated with the successful outcome of one or fewer pads/day. Longer duration from RP to PPI surgery was the only preoperative factor associated with the successful outcome of satisfaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hypothesis was not supported as the presence of preoperative urodynamic bladder dysfunction was not predictive of the outcome of PPI surgery in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet , Oslo , Norway.
authors.forename: Henriette Veiby
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Holm
authors.forename: Sophie D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Fosså
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hedlund
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.forename: Alv A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Dahl
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D057234:Preoperative Period; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D053825:Suburethral Slings; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016741:Urinary Sphincter, Artificial; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000379:methods
keywords: Artificial urinary sphincter; PPI surgery; postprostatectomy incontinence; radical prostatectomy; retrourethral transobturator sling; satisfaction; urodynamics