title: Grape juice concentrate (G8000™) modulates apoptosis but not oxidative stress following rat colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate if grape juice concentrate is able to protect against experimental colon carcinogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this purpose, a total of 35 male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into seven groups: G1: SHAM animals receiving only saline; G2: animals receiving 15 mg/kg azoxymethane (AOM); G3: animals receiving 1% grape juice concentrate 2 weeks before the administration of AOM; G4: animals receiving 2% grape juice concentrate 2 weeks before the administration of AOM; G5: animals receiving 1% grape juice concentrate 4 weeks after the last administration of AOM; G6: animals receiving 2% grape juice concentrate 4 weeks after the last administration of AOM; G7: animals receiving only 2% grape juice concentrate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The group that received 2% grape juice concentrate before induction with AOM showed the decreased expression of Bcl-2 compared to those animals that were induced by AOM (positive control). Regarding Bax, animals that received grape juice at 2% decreased Bax immunoexpression when compared to AOM group. Furthermore, animals that intake grape juice at 1% after induced by AOM decreased Bax immunoexpression as well. 8-OHdGLI did not show significant statistically differences (p > 0.05) among groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, our results demonstrate that grape juice is able to modulate rat colon carcinogenesis as a result of induction of apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology .
authors.forename: Celina Tizuko Fujiyama
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Landman
authors.forename: Ana Paula Ribeiro
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Paiotti
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Artigiani Neto
authors.forename: Roseane Mendes
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Vanessa Maria De Lima Pazine
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Campanholo
authors.forename: Andrea Pittelli Boiago
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Gollucke
authors.forename: Daniel Araki
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Nora Manoukian
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Forones
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001397:Azoxymethane; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005638:Fruit; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors; D027843:Vitis; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; C494828:Bax protein, rat; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; D001397:Azoxymethane
keywords: Azoxymethane; colon carcinogenesis; grape juice concentrate; rat