title: Association of human papillomavirus with denture wearing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus in the oral cavity of denture wearers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Swabs were collected from 72 denture wearers and 72 controls (non-denture wearers) to obtain DNA. Amplification of the β-globin gene was performed by polymerase chain reaction to check the integrity of extracted DNA. The presence of human papillomavirus in the DNA sample was detected by nested polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of human papillomavirus was found to be significantly higher in the oral cavity of denture wearers (38/72, 52.8%) than in the controls (17/72, 23.6%; odds ratio = 3.612, confidence interval = 1.771/7.385, P = <0.001). When adjusted for variables, including age, sex, ethnicity, and smoking habit, human papillomavirus was still found to be significantly associated with denture wearing, with an adjusted odds of 3.2 (P = 0.008). No association of human papillomavirus positivity was found with denture variables, including denture type, denture material type, duration of denture wearing, and denture hygiene (P > 0.05). Low-risk human papillomavirus types were found to be more frequent in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of human papillomavirus in the oral cavity of denture wearers was found to be significantly higher compared to controls; however, it was mainly low-risk types.
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia Infectious Disease Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Rajan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saini
authors.forename: Nurainina Binti
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.forename: Mazian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.forename: Farini Mohd
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Sobri
authors.forename: Thean Hock
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Jacinta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Santhanam
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D052685:Alphapapillomavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002858:Chromium Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D003779:Denture Design; D003824:Denture, Complete / Q000821:virology; D003829:Denture, Partial / Q000821:virology; D003778:Dentures / Q000821:virology*; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000821:virology*; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D002858:Chromium Alloys; D003764:Dental Materials
keywords: buccal mucosa; denture wearer; human papillomavirus; polymerase chain reaction; swab