title: Eosinophils in biopsy specimens of lichen sclerosus: a not uncommon finding.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evolving lesions of lichen sclerosus (LS) pose a diagnostic challenge owing to an absence of classic findings of epidermal atrophy, dermal sclerosis, a band-like lymphocytic infiltrate and the presence of eosinophils.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective specimens of LS were reviewed. Demographic information, biopsy vs. excision and the following histopathological characteristics were noted: presence and number of eosinophils, epidermal hyperplasia, spongiosis, early/transitional LS, well-developed LS and coexisting squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Linear regression analysis was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data consisted of 66 biopsies (36 male [M], 30 female [F]), from 53 individuals (33M, 20F), including 57 genital and 9 extragenital biopsies. Seven biopsies showed SCC, 28 showed epidermal hyperplasia and 14 exhibited spongiosis. Thirty-five specimens were early/transitional LS and commonly exhibited epidermal hyperplasia (57%), epidermotropism of lymphocytes (97%) and basement membrane thickening (97%). Thirty-five biopsies (53%) contained eosinophils (23 early/transitional lesions). Male gender (p = 0.074) was associated with increased eosinophils. The presence of SCC (p = 0.014) was a significant predictors of eosinophil number.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Epidermal hyperplasia, epidermotropism of lymphocytes and basement membrane thickening are helpful features in identifying early LS. Eosinophils are not an uncommon finding in LS and are most common in male genital lesions and in LS associated with SCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Lester
authors.forename: Brian L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Swick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018459:Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: balanitis xerotica obliterans; early disease; eosinophils; lichen sclerosus