title: Impact of treatment of ADHD on intimate partner violence (ITAP), a study protocol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults is one of the predictive and treatable risk factors for delinquency, including intimate partner violence (IPV). Effective treatment of IPV needs to address personal dynamic risk factors, offender typology, and dynamics of the domestic violence. It is unknown whether treatment of ADHD symptoms contributes to a decrease in IPV. The ITAP study aims to investigate the relationship between treatment of ADHD symptoms and IPV in patients in forensic mental health care. Moreover, this study examines the role of comorbid psychopathology, subtype of the offender, and dynamics of the domestic violence.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ITAP study is a longitudinal observational study. Participants are followed one year through various assessments: one before starting treatment (t0), and four during treatment (8, 16, 24 and 52 weeks after start of the treatment). All participants receive treatment for IPV, ADHD, and comorbid psychopathology, if present. The primary outcome measure is the change in severity of IPV; the primary predictive variable is the change in severity of ADHD symptoms. The secondary outcome measure is the observation of the therapist about change in the offender's general violent behaviour, within and outside the partner relationship. Data are analysed in a multiple regression model with change in severity of IPV as the dependent variable and change in severity of ADHD symptoms as the primary predictor. Other predictive variables taken into account in the analyses are presence of comorbid psychopathology and personality disorder, subtype of the offender, and dynamics of the domestic violence. In addition, compliance with treatment and content of the treatment are documented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Research on the treatment process of IPV offenders and victims is complicated by many factors. This observational design will not allow inferences about causality but may reveal clinically important factors that contribute to more effective treatment of IPV.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The Netherlands National Trial Register (NTR), trial ID NTR3887 .
authors.affiliation: Psychiatrist at De Forensische Zorgspecialisten, Utrecht, The Netherlands. nbuitelaar@dewaagnederland.nl.|Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. nbuitelaar@dewaagnederland.nl.
authors.forename: Nannet J L
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Buitelaar
authors.affiliation: Psychiatrist at De Forensische Zorgspecialisten, Utrecht, The Netherlands. jposthumus@dewaagnederland.nl.
authors.forename: Jocelyne A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Posthumus
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. H.A.Scholing@uva.nl.|Clinical psychologist at Pro Persona Mental Health Institute, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. H.A.Scholing@uva.nl.
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scholing
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Professor of Psychiatry and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Jan.Buitelaar@radboudumc.nl.|Child and adolescent psychiatrist at Karakter, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Jan.Buitelaar@radboudumc.nl.
authors.forename: Jan K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Buitelaar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D064887:Observational Studies as Topic