title: Frequency and risk factors associated with hypomagnesaemia in hypokalemic type-2 diabetic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency and factors associated with hypomagnesaemia in hypokalemic type-2 diabetic patients presenting at Civil Hospital, Karachi.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Medicine and Diabetic Clinic of Civil Hospital and Dow Medical College, Karachi, from November 2010 to May 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 358 adult type-2 diabetics with hypokalemia were selected for this study. With aseptic measures, venous blood was collected for serum magnesium, potassium, HDLc, LDLc Triglyceride (TGs) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) from each subject after an overnight fasting and was analyzed on Roche Hitachi 820 Photo Spectrometry. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 17 to determine the factors associated with hypomagnesaemia like duration of diabetes, Body Mass Index (BMI), diabetic nephropathy, HDLc, LDLc Triglyceride (TGs) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of study population was 55.62 ± 9.9 years. Most of them (n=228, 63.7%) were males. Out of the 358 subjects, 198 (55.3%) had hypomagnesaemia. There was significant association between hypomagnesaemia with duration of diabetes, Body Mass Index (BMI), diabetic nephropathy, HDLc, LDLc Triglyceride (TGs) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypomagnesaemia is very common in type-2 diabetic hypokalemic patients. Therefore, it should be routinely sought by the clinicians. Early recognition and subsequent treatment of hypomagnesaemia may help in better glycemic control, may delay the chronic complications and decrease the mortality in diabetic hypokalemic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Civil Hospital, Karachi.
authors.forename: Arvind Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Shardha
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Civil Hospital, Karachi.
authors.forename: Aneel Sham
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Vaswani
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Civil Hospital, Karachi.
authors.forename: Adil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Faraz
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Civil Hospital, Karachi.
authors.forename: Muhammad Tanveer
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Civil Hospital, Karachi.
authors.forename: Pawan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007008:Hypokalemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood*; D008275:Magnesium Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008274:Magnesium; D014280:Triglycerides