title: Mutual associations among musculoskeletal diseases and metabolic syndrome components: A 3-year follow-up of the ROAD study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to assess the mutual associations between musculoskeletal diseases (knee osteoarthritis [KOA], lumbar spondylosis [LS], osteoporosis [OP]) and metabolic syndrome components (obesity [OB], hypertension [HT], dyslipidemia [DL], impaired glucose tolerance [IGT]).
  
  
  METHODS
  Of the 1,690 participants (596 men, 1,094 women) at baseline, 1,384 individuals (81.9%; 466 men, 918 women) had complete data at the first follow-up in 2008. Logistic regression analysis included the occurrence or nonoccurrence of the musculoskeletal diseases or metabolic components as the outcome variable and the remaining musculoskeletal diseases and metabolic components at baseline as explanatory variables, adjusted for age, sex, residential region, smoking, and alcohol consumption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The risk of KOA occurring increased significantly with HT (odds ratio [OR], 2.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22-5.42; p = 0.013) and IGT (OR, 1.99; 95%CI, 1.07-3.70; p = 0.029). The risk of OP occurring at the lumbar spine increased with OP at the femoral neck (OR, 4.21; 95%CI 1.46-12.1; p = 0.008), and vice versa (OR, 2.19; 95%CI, 1.01-479; p = 0.047). KOA increased the risk of HT (Kellgren-Lawrence [KL] grade = 0, 1 vs. KL = 2: OR, 1.84; 95%CI, 1.09-3.12; p = 0.024) and DL (KL = 0, 1 vs. KL ≥ 3: OR, 1.66; 95%CI, 1.05-2.61; p = 0.029) occurring. Reciprocal relationships existed between the presence of metabolic components and the occurrence of the other metabolic components.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mutual relationships existed between the occurrence and presence of musculoskeletal diseases, particularly KOA, and metabolic syndrome components.
authors.affiliation: Department of Joint Disease Research, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Shigeyuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muraki
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: Sakae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Kozo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akune
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Incidence; Knee osteoarthritis; Lumbar spondylosis; Metabolic risk factor; Osteoporosis