title: Bioenergetic dysfunction and inflammation in Alzheimer's disease: a possible connection.
abstract: Inflammation is observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) subject brains. Inflammation-relevant genes are increasingly implicated in AD genetic studies, and inflammatory cytokines to some extent even function as peripheral biomarkers. What underlies AD inflammation is unclear, but no "foreign" agent has been implicated. This suggests that internally produced damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs) molecules may drive inflammation in AD. A more complete characterization and understanding of AD-relevant DAMPs could advance our understanding of AD and suggest novel therapeutic strategies. In this review, we consider the possibility that mitochondria, intracellular organelles that resemble bacteria in many ways, trigger and maintain chronic inflammation in AD subjects. Data supporting the possible nexus between AD-associated bioenergetic dysfunction are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, KS , USA ; University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, KS , USA.
authors.forename: Heather M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Wilkins
authors.affiliation: University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, KS , USA.
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Carl
authors.affiliation: University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, KS , USA.
authors.forename: Alison C S
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Greenlief
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, KS , USA ; Department of Pharmacology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, KS , USA ; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, KS , USA ; pHLOGISTIX Neurodiagnostics , Lenexa, KS , USA.
authors.forename: Barry W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Festoff
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, KS , USA ; University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, KS , USA ; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, KS , USA ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, KS , USA.
authors.forename: Russell H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Swerdlow
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; DAMP; bioenergetics; inflammation; mitochondria