title: Apoptotic effects of eugenol-loaded nanoemulsions in human colon and liver cancer cell lines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study eugenol (EU) loaded nanoemulsions (NEs) emulsified with modified starch were prepared and their apoptotic potential against liver and colon cancer cells was examined in comparison with bulk EU.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prepared stable EU loaded NEs which were characterized by dynamic light scattering, centrifugation and gas chromatography. Furthermore, cell viability was determined using MTT assay, and apoptosis and cell cycle analysess by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HB8065 (liver) and HTB37 (colon) cells when treated with EU:CA NEs demonstrated greater apoptotic cells percentages as evidenced by microscopic images and flow cytometric evaluations. It was observed that EU and EU:CA NE induced apoptosis in both cell lines via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrated that ROS plays a critical role in EU and EU:CA NE induced apoptosis in HB8065 and HTB37 cells. This is the first report on the antiproliferative mechanisms of EU loaded NE.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China E-mail : fzhong@jiangnan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Majeed
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Antoniou
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fang
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D004655:Emulsions; D005054:Eugenol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D005054:Eugenol