title: Analyses of chlorogenic acids and related cinnamic acid derivatives from Nicotiana tabacum tissues with the aid of UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS based on the in-source collision-induced dissociation method.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chlorogenic acids (CGAs) are a class of phytochemicals that are formed as esters between different derivatives of cinnamic acid and quinic acid molecules. In plants, accumulation of these compounds has been linked to several physiological responses against various stress factors; however, biochemical synthesis differs from one plant to another. Although structurally simple, the analysis of CGA molecules with modern analytical platforms poses an analytical challenge. The objective of the study was to perform a comparison of the CGA profiles and related derivatives from differentiated tobacco leaf tissues and undifferentiated cell suspension cultures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using an UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS fingerprinting method based on the in-source collision induced dissociation (ISCID) approach, a total of 19 different metabolites with a cinnamic acid core moiety were identified. These metabolites were either present in both leaf tissue and cell suspension samples or in only one of the two plant systems. Profile differences point to underlying biochemical similarities or differences thereof.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using this method, the regio- and geometric-isomer profiles of chlorogenic acids of the two tissue types of Nicotiana tabacum were achieved. The method was also shown to be applicable for the detection of other related molecules containing a cinnamic acid core.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006 South Africa.
authors.forename: Efficient N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Ncube
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006 South Africa.
authors.forename: Msizi I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Mhlongo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006 South Africa.
authors.forename: Lizelle A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Piater
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006 South Africa ; CSIR Biosciences, Natural Products and Agroprocessing Group, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa.
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Steenkamp
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006 South Africa.
authors.forename: Ian A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Dubery
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006 South Africa.
authors.forename: Ntakadzeni E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Madala
keywords: Cell suspensions; Chlorogenic acid; Cinnamic acid; ISCID; Leaf tissue; Nicotiana tabacum; UPLC-qTOF-MS/MS