title: Bipolar disorder: recent advances and future trends in bioanalytical developments for biomarker discovery.
abstract: In this manuscript we briefly describe bipolar disorder (a depressive and manic mental disease), its classification, its effects on the patient, which sometimes include suicidal tendencies, and the drugs used for treatment. We also address the status quo with regard to diagnosis of bipolar disorder and recent advances in bioanalytical approaches for biomarker discovery. These approaches focus on blood samples (serum and plasma) and proteins as the main biomarker targets, and use various strategies for protein depletion. Strategies include use of commercially available kits or other homemade strategies and use of classical proteomics methods for protein identification based on "bottom-up" or "top-down" approaches, which used SELDI, ESI, or MALDI as sources for mass spectrometry, and up-to-date mass analyzers, for example Orbitrap. We also discuss some future objectives for treatment of this disorder and possible directions for the correct diagnosis of this still-unclear mental illness.
authors.affiliation: Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group - GEPAM, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jemmyson Romário
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: de Jesus
authors.forename: Bruna Kauely
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: de Campos
authors.forename: Rodrigo Moretto
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Galazzi
authors.forename: José Luis Capelo
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Marco Aurélio Zezzi
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Arruda
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers