title: Mindfulness group therapy in primary care patients with depression, anxiety and stress and adjustment disorders: randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Individual-based cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is in short supply and expensive.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this randomised controlled trial (RCT) was to compare mindfulness-based group therapy with treatment as usual (primarily individual-based CBT) in primary care patients with depressive, anxiety or stress and adjustment disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  This 8-week RCT (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01476371) was conducted during spring 2012 at 16 general practices in Southern Sweden. Eligible patients (aged 20-64 years) scored ≥10 on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, ≥7 on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale or 13-34 on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (self-rated version). The power calculations were based on non-inferiority. In total, 215 patients were randomised. Ordinal mixed models were used for the analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For all scales and in both groups, the scores decreased significantly. There were no significant differences between the mindfulness and control groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mindfulness-based group therapy was non-inferior to treatment as usual for patients with depressive, anxiety or stress and adjustment disorders.
authors.affiliation: Jan Sundquist, MD, PhD, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden and Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA;Åsa Lilja, PhD, Karolina Palmér, Msci, Ashfaque A. Memon, MD, PhD, Xiao Wang, MD, PhD, Leena Maria Johansson, MD, PhD, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Kristina Sundquist, MD, PhD, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden and Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sundquist
authors.affiliation: Jan Sundquist, MD, PhD, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden and Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA;Åsa Lilja, PhD, Karolina Palmér, Msci, Ashfaque A. Memon, MD, PhD, Xiao Wang, MD, PhD, Leena Maria Johansson, MD, PhD, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Kristina Sundquist, MD, PhD, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden and Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Åsa
authors.initials: Å
authors.lastname: Lilja
authors.affiliation: Jan Sundquist, MD, PhD, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden and Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA;Åsa Lilja, PhD, Karolina Palmér, Msci, Ashfaque A. Memon, MD, PhD, Xiao Wang, MD, PhD, Leena Maria Johansson, MD, PhD, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Kristina Sundquist, MD, PhD, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden and Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Palmér
authors.affiliation: Jan Sundquist, MD, PhD, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden and Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA;Åsa Lilja, PhD, Karolina Palmér, Msci, Ashfaque A. Memon, MD, PhD, Xiao Wang, MD, PhD, Leena Maria Johansson, MD, PhD, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Kristina Sundquist, MD, PhD, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden and Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Ashfaque A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Memon
authors.affiliation: Jan Sundquist, MD, PhD, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden and Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA;Åsa Lilja, PhD, Karolina Palmér, Msci, Ashfaque A. Memon, MD, PhD, Xiao Wang, MD, PhD, Leena Maria Johansson, MD, PhD, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Kristina Sundquist, MD, PhD, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden and Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Jan Sundquist, MD, PhD, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden and Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA;Åsa Lilja, PhD, Karolina Palmér, Msci, Ashfaque A. Memon, MD, PhD, Xiao Wang, MD, PhD, Leena Maria Johansson, MD, PhD, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Kristina Sundquist, MD, PhD, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden and Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Leena Maria
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.affiliation: Jan Sundquist, MD, PhD, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden and Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA;Åsa Lilja, PhD, Karolina Palmér, Msci, Ashfaque A. Memon, MD, PhD, Xiao Wang, MD, PhD, Leena Maria Johansson, MD, PhD, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Kristina Sundquist, MD, PhD, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden and Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sundquist
mesh_terms: D000275:Adjustment Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064866:Mindfulness; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult