title: Acceleration training for managing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While aerobic training is generally recommended as therapeutic exercise in guidelines, the effectiveness of resistance training has recently been reported in the management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Acceleration training (AT) is a new training method that provides a physical stimulation effect on skeletal muscles by increasing gravitational acceleration with vibration. AT has recently been indicated as a component of medicine. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of AT in the management of NAFLD in obese subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 18 obese patients with NAFLD who had no improvement in liver function test abnormalities and/or steatosis grade after 12 weeks of lifestyle counseling were enrolled in an AT program. These patients attended a 20-minute session of AT twice a week for 12 consecutive weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the AT program, the NAFLD patients showed a modest increase in the strength (+12.6%) and cross-sectional area (+3.1%) of the quadriceps, coupled with a significant reduction in intramyocellular lipids (-26.4%). Notably, they showed a modest reduction in body weight (-1.9%), abdominal visceral fat area (-3.4%), and hepatic fat content (-8.7%), coupled with a significant reduction in levels of aminotransferase (-15.7%), γ-glutamyltransferase (-14.4%), leptin (-9.7%), interleukin-6 (-26.8%), and tumor necrosis factor-α (-17.9%), and a significant increase of adiponectin (+8.7%). On a health-related quality of life survey, the patients showed an improvement in physical functioning (+17.3%), physical role (+9.7%), general health (+22.1), and social functioning (+6.0%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AT reduced hepatic and intramyocellular fat contents and ameliorated liver function test abnormalities in obese patients with NAFLD, which was coupled with improved physical function and body adiposity. AT is clinically beneficial for the management of NAFLD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Sechang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shida
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akemi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sawai
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Tsukuba University Hospital, Ibaraki, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Tsukuba University Hospital, Ibaraki, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Isobe
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Someya
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyoji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Emi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.affiliation: Protea Japan Co Ltd, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tozawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shoda
keywords: adipokine; liver steatosis; obesity; quality of life; whole-body vibration