title: Immunoexpression of NF-ĸB and their inhibitory subunits IĸBα and IĸBβ in giant cell lesions of the jaws: implications for their clinical behavior.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The unpredictable behavior of giant cell lesions (GCLs) of the jaws parallels its controversial histogenesis. This study evaluated a possible association between the immunohistochemical expression of NF-ĸB, the inhibitory subunits IĸBα/IĸBβ, and clinicopathological variables with the behavior of central and peripheral GCLs of the jaws.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paraffin-embedded samples of GCLs of the jaws (n = 68) were prepared for histological/immunohistochemical assessment. Demographic and clinicopathological parameters were assessed to determine the behavior of the lesions. A staining-intensity-distribution (SID) score was used to assess the immunomarkers reactivity. The association between significant candidate immunohistochemical predictor variables regarding clinical behavior was analyzed individually and adjusted for confounding using a binary logistic regression model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While univariate analysis revealed a positive association of NF-ĸB SID score, NF-ĸB nuclear expression, IĸBα SID score, and NF-ĸB to inhibitors average ratio with the aggressive status of GCLs, after bivariate logistic regression analysis, only NF-ĸB nuclear expression, IĸBα SID score, and NF-ĸB to inhibitors average ratio remained as robust predictors of aggressiveness. Confounding and interaction effects regarding clinicopathological candidate predictor variables were also noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It looks that clinical behavior of GCLs of the jaws may be strong/independently linked to the increased nuclear expression of NF-ĸB, higher NF-ĸB to inhibitors average ratio, and decreased IĸBα SID score. Notwithstanding, there are simultaneously synergistic and opposing interactive effects with respect to age stratum, growth rate, multinucleated giant cells count, and mononuclear stromal cells density in the susceptible host that may increase the tissue destruction observed in aggressive GCLs.
authors.affiliation: POPCAD Research Group, Laboratory of Immunodetection and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: Sergio Iván
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Tobón-Arroyave
authors.affiliation: POPCAD Research Group, Laboratory of Immunodetection and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hurtado-García
authors.affiliation: POPCAD Research Group, Laboratory of Immunodetection and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: Oscar Darío
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: García-Quintero
authors.affiliation: POPCAD Research Group, Laboratory of Immunodetection and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: Diana María
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Isaza-Guzmán
authors.affiliation: POPCAD Research Group, Laboratory of Immunodetection and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: Gloria Amparo
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Flórez-Moreno
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015726:Giant Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006101:Granuloma, Giant Cell / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007571:Jaw Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B
keywords: IĸBα; IĸBβ; NF-ĸB; clinicopathological features; giant cell lesions of the jaws