title: Evaluating the effect of assay preparation on the uptake of gold nanoparticles by RAW264.7 cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cell culture conditions can greatly influence the results of nanoparticle (NP) uptake assays. In this study, 10 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and RAW 264.7 macrophages were used as a model system, while instrumental neutron activation analysis (NAA) was used as the elemental analysis technique to determine AuNP levels produced by the various culturing conditions. Static plate-based and insert-based culture conditions were compared with a dynamic suspension culture to evaluate the conditions' effect on the rate and extent of AuNP uptake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicate that a dynamic culturing condition allows for the greatest NP uptake (approximately 3-5 times over the adherent conditions), whereas the plate-based assays have the initial highest rate of NP incorporation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data highlight the importance of judiciously choosing the assay conditions prior to evaluating NP uptake.
authors.affiliation: Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Building 51 Room 4159, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA. Simona.bancos@fda.hhs.gov.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bancos
authors.affiliation: Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Building 51 Room 4159, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA. Katherine.Tyner@fda.hhs.gov.
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Tyner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D009501:Neutron Activation Analysis; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D006046:Gold