title: Start-up of low-temperature anammox in UASB from mesophilic yeast factory anaerobic tank inoculum.
abstract: Robust start-up of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process from non-anammox-specific seeding material was achieved by using an inoculation with sludge-treating industrial [Formula: see text]-, organics- and N-rich yeast factory wastewater. N-rich reject water was treated at 20°C, which is significantly lower than optimum treatment temperature. Increasing the frequency of biomass fluidization (from 1-2 times per day to 4-5 times per day) through feeding the reactor with higher flow rate resulted in an improved total nitrogen removal rate (from 100 to 500 g m(-3)d(-1)) and increased anammox bacteria activity. As a result of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests, uncultured planctomycetes clone 07260064(4)-2-M13-_A01 (GenBank: JX852965) was identified from the biomass taken from the reactor. The presence of anammox bacteria after cultivation in the reactor was confirmed by quantitative PCR (qPCR); an increase in quantity up to ∼2×10(6) copies g VSS(-1) during operation could be seen in qPCR. Statistical modelling of chemical parameters revealed the roles of several optimized parameters needed for a stable process.
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu , 14a Ravila Rd., Tartu 50411 , Estonia.
authors.forename: Ivar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zekker
authors.forename: Ergo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rikmann
authors.forename: Toomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tenno
authors.forename: Kristel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kroon
authors.forename: Andrus
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seiman
authors.forename: Liis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Loorits
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fritze
authors.forename: Tero
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tuomivirta
authors.forename: Priit
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vabamäe
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raudkivi
authors.forename: Anni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mandel
authors.forename: Taavo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tenno
mesh_terms: D064751:Ammonium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D000693:Anaerobiosis / Q000502:physiology; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D015003:Yeasts / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D003470:Culture Media; D012722:Sewage
keywords: AOA; Planctomycetes; deammonification; fluidization; reject water