title: The untold story: examining Ontario's community health centres' initiatives to address upstream determinants of health.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Unlike traditional primary care centres, part of the Community Health Centre (CHC) mandate is to address upstream health determinants. In Ontario, CHCs refer to these activities as Community Initiatives (CIs); yet, little is known about how CIs operate. The objective of this study was to examine the scope, resource requirements, partnerships, successes and challenges among selected Ontario CIs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted qualitative interviews with 10 CHC staff members representing 11 CIs across Ontario. CIs were identified through an online inventory, recruited by e-mail and interviewed between March and June 2011.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most CIs aim to increase community participation, while addressing social isolation and poverty. They draw minimal financial resources from their CHC, and employ highly skilled staff to support implementation. Most enlist support from various partners, and use numerous methods for community engagement. Successes include improved community relations, increased opportunities for education and employment and rewarding partnerships, while insufficient funding was a commonly identified challenge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite minimal attention from researchers and funders, our findings suggest that CIs play key capacity-building roles in vulnerable communities across Ontario, and warrant further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, School of Urban and Regional Planning, Queen's University, Kingston, ON.
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: Business Connector - The Prince's Charities Canada, Toronto, ON.
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Resendes
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Health, Aging & Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON.
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Dunn
mesh_terms: D003151:Community Health Centers / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003159:Community-Institutional Relations; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D009864:Ontario; D011320:Primary Health Care; D036301:Qualitative Research