title: Prevalence and risk factors of development of peripheral diabetic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care setting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study was carried out to assess the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), compare the prevalence between known diabetes mellitus (KDM) and newly detected diabetes mellitus (NDDM), identify risk factors associated, its prevalence pattern and to assess if any sex-specific differences are present.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital. Patients with duration of diabetes ≤6 months were considered to be NDDM. DPN was diagnosed by the combination of more than one abnormal result of 10-g monofilament, pinprick sensations and ankle reflexes, and categorized according to the severity level using vibration perception threshold. The study included 1,637 KDM and 369 NDDM patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 586 participants were found to have DPN, accounting for 29.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 27.2-31.2) prevalence. The higher prevalence was observed in KDM compared with NDDM 33.7% (95% CI 31.42-36.01) vs 9.2% (95% CI 6.3-12.2; P < 0.001). Prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe neuropathies was 8.06, 14.55 and 6.63%, respectively. Regression analysis showed age (P < 0.001), duration of diabetes (P < 0.001), dyslipidemia (P = 0.03), glycated hemoglobin (P < 0.001), the presence of other microvascular complications (P < 0.001), macrovascular complications (P = 0.003) and alcoholic status (P < 0.033) to be associated. No sex-specific differences were observed in the mean age at diagnosis of diabetes, mean age at the diagnosis of neuropathy, and duration taken for the DPN development among females and males.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study showed a high prevalence (29.2%) of DPN among north Indian type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Thus, timely screening with earlier detection and intervention would be useful in preventing the progression of neuropathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Mohali, India.
authors.forename: Dipika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bansal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Mohali, India.
authors.forename: Kapil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gudala
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Mohali, India.
authors.forename: Harini
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Muthyala
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Mohali, India.
authors.forename: Hari Prasad
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Esam
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Mohali, India.
authors.forename: Ramya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nayakallu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhansali
keywords: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy; Prevalence; Risk factors