title: Hsp70 is an independent stress marker among frequent users of mobile phones.
abstract: The aim of this study was to measure the serum concentrations of heat shock protein (HSP) 70 and C-reactive protein (CRP) and the expression levels of the hsp70 gene among frequent users of mobile phones (FUMPs). We enrolled 120 employees of information technology (IT)/IT enabled service companies (FUMPs; IT professionals) and 102 infrequent users of mobile phones (IFUMPs; people from non-IT professions) as controls. The serum concentrations of HSP70 and CRP were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay and hsp70 gene expression by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Significantly higher concentrations of serum HSP70 (P < 0.00012) and CRP (P < 0.04) were observed among FUMPs than IFUMPs. A higher level of hsp70 gene expression (fold induction) was observed among FUMPs than IFUMPs (P < 7.06 × 10-13). In contrast to the duration of exposure-dependent increase of serum concentration of CRP, the serum HSP70 concentration was found to be independent of the duration of exposure to mobile phones. Thus, the study convincingly demonstrated the role of serum HSP and CRP as systemic inflammatory biomarkers for mobile phone-induced radiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Karuppiah
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Balakrishnan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Vijayan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Murali
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Chinniah
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rathika
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Thirunavukkarasu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Manikandan
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Ravi Padma
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Malini
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute of Child Health & amp; Hospital for Children, Dr. M. G. R. Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Ramanathan Aravind Selvin
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Muthukalingan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krishnan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D040421:Cell Phone; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D002097:C-Reactive Protein