title: Anti-inflammatory effects of calcium citrate in RAW 264.7cells via suppression of NF-κB activation.
abstract: Here we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of calcium citrate in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The anti-inflammatory effects of calcium citrate were investigated by assessing pro-inflammatory factors (NO, ROS, NF-κB, iNOS, and COX-2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). Treatment of cells with calcium citrate (10-100μM) significantly reduced the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and increased the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Calcium citrate was further shown to inhibit NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7cells. The expression levels of iNOS, COX-2, and NF-κB were also suppressed by treatment with calcium citrate. Calcium citrate was furthermore found to significantly inhibit the production of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in response to LPS-stimulation. These findings demonstrate that calcium citrate may be an effective anti-inflammatory agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Seojin Biotech Co., Ltd., Gyeoggi 443-373, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hak-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hanjs@pusan.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Ji-Sook
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019355:Calcium Citrate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D019355:Calcium Citrate
keywords: Anti-inflammation; Calcium citrate; RAW 264.7cells