title: [Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Mapuche individuals living in urban and rural environment in Chile].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolic Syndrome (MS) increases the risk of diabetes and mortality associated with cardiovascular disease. However, the prevalence of MS could differ by ethnicity and lifestyle factors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of MS in Mapuche individuals living in urban and rural environments in Chile and to investigate whether the prevalence and risk of MS in urban and rural environments differs by sex, age and nutritional status.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1077 Mapuche participants were recruited from urban (MU = 288) and rural (MR = 789) settings. Body mass index, waist circumference and blood pressure were measured. A fasting blood sample was obtained to measure serum glucose, HDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol. The prevalence of MS was determined using the unified IDF and ATP-III criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An environment and sex interaction was found for the prevalence of MS (p = 0.042). The prevalence was significantly lower in male MR (13%) compared to other groups (22, 23 and 25% among female MR, female MU and male MU respectively). Also, the prevalence of central obesity and low HDL-cholesterol were significantly lower in male MR. MU are at an increased risk of developing MS compared to MR, with an odds ratio of 1.59 (95% confidence intervals 1.1 to 2.2). This risk increases along with age or body mass index of the population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The adoption of an urbanized lifestyle increases the risk of developing MS in Mapuche individuals. This risk is enhanced by age and nutritional status.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ibáñez
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sanzana
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Salas
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Navarrete
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cartes-Velásquez
authors.forename: Angélica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rainqueo
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jara
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pérez-Bravo
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ulloa
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Calvo
authors.forename: Juan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Miquel
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Celis-Morales
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007199:Indians, South American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D015995:Prevalence; D012424:Rural Population; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult