title: Reflectance confocal endomicroscope with optical axial scanning for in vivo imaging of the oral mucosa.
abstract: This paper presents the design and evaluation of a reflectance confocal laser endomicroscope using a miniature objective lens within a rigid probe in conjunction with an electrically tunable lens for axial scanning. The miniature lens was characterized alone as well as in the endoscope across a 200 µm axial scan range using the tunable lens. The ability of the confocal endoscope to probe the human oral cavity is demonstrated by imaging of the oral mucosa in vivo. The results indicate that reflectance confocal endomicroscopy has the potential to be used in a clinical setting and guide diagnostic evaluation of biological tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5045 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
authors.forename: Joey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jabbour
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, 275 Hutchison Road, Rochester, New York 14620, USA.
authors.forename: Julie L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bentley
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5045 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
authors.forename: Bilal H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.affiliation: Metrology Concepts LLC., 3495 Winton Place, Bldg E-120, Rochester, New York 14623, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nemechek
authors.affiliation: Optics Technology Inc., 3800 Monroe Avenue, Suite # 6, Pittsford, New York 14534, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Warda
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5045 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cuenca
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5045 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
authors.forename: Shuna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5045 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
authors.forename: Javier A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5045 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
authors.forename: Kristen C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Maitland
keywords: (120.3890) Medical optics instrumentation; (170.1790) Confocal microscopy; (170.2150) Endoscopic imaging; (170.3880) Medical and biological imaging; (220.3620) Lens system design; (350.3950) Micro-optics