title: Young low-income ethnic minority children watch less television when their mothers regulate what they are viewing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Parenting practices can reduce how much television (TV) children watch. This study evaluated the longitudinal association between maternal regulation of TV content and the amount of TV watched by low-income ethnic minority children.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a secondary data analysis of the Welfare, Children & Families: A Three City Study. Data were used from ethnic minority mothers with a child from birth to 4 years old, collected over two waves approximately 16 months apart. The dependent variable was the amount of TV watched by the child (wave two). The main independent variable was the maternal regulation of TV content (wave one). Using multiple linear regression, we evaluated the relationship between maternal regulation of TV content and the amount of TV watched by the child, adjusting for covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 835 mothers, 71% were high content regulators and 8% reported no content regulation. Children whose mothers reported no regulation watched more TV approximately 16 months later than those whose mothers reported high regulation of content (β = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.09-1.73).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that regulating content influences viewing amounts in young children approximately 16 months later. Interventions focused on heightening parental regulation of content may improve content and diminish viewing amounts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Darcy A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Vandewater
authors.forename: Pamela A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Matson
authors.forename: Jeanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tschann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000523:psychology*; D009034:Mother-Child Relations / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D016487:Parenting / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D011203:Poverty; D013690:Television; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States
keywords: Child; Low-income families; Obesity; Parenting; Television