title: Effects of clonidine and methylphenidate on motor activity in Fmr1 knockout mice.
abstract: Fragile X syndrome (FXS), a disorder caused by a mutation in the FMR1 gene, is often associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Common treatments for the hyperactivity often seen in ADHD involve the use of stimulants and α2-adrenergic agonists. The Fmr1 knockout (KO) mouse has been found to be a valid model for FXS both biologically and behaviorally. Of particular interest to our research, the Fmr1 KO mouse has been demonstrated to show increased locomotion in comparison to wild type (WT) littermates. In the present study, we assessed the effects of clonidine (0.05 mg/kg) and methylphenidate (5 mg/kg) on motor activity in Fmr1 KO mice and their WT littermates in the open field test. Results showed that methylphenidate increased motor activity in both genotypes. Clonidine decreased motor activity in both genotypes, but the effect was delayed in the Fmr1 KO mice.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Drake University, 2507 University Avenue, Des Moines, IA 50311, USA.
authors.forename: Craige C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wrenn
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Drake University, 2507 University Avenue, Des Moines, IA 50311, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Heitzer
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Drake University, 2507 University Avenue, Des Moines, IA 50311, USA.
authors.forename: Alexandra K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Program, Drake University, 2507 University Avenue, Des Moines, IA 50311, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nawrocki
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Drake University, 2507 University Avenue, Des Moines, IA 50311, USA. Electronic address: maria.valdovinos@drake.edu.
authors.forename: Maria G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Valdovinos
mesh_terms: D058647:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003000:Clonidine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D005600:Fragile X Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D058647:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003000:Clonidine; D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1; D008774:Methylphenidate; C497684:Fmr1 protein, mouse
keywords: Clonidine; Fmr1 knockout mouse; Fragile X syndrome; Hyperactivity; Methylphenidate