title: Frequency-effect of playing screen golf on body composition and golf performance in middle-aged men.
abstract: There are many studies showing that physical training improves body composition including bone mineral density (BMD) in almost all subjects. However, the frequency-dependent effect of playing golf on body composition is still not clearly comprehended. Moreover, the effect of screen golf in relations with exercise-frequency on body composition and golf performance has not been documented. Forty year old men participated and were classified into 4 groups: Control group (n= 10), BMD1 group (n= 10) played screen golf less than 1 day per a week, BMD2-3 group (n= 10) played screen golf 2-3 days per a week, and BMD5 group (n= 10) played screen golf 5 days per week. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed on 30 male recreational golfers and 10 sedentary individuals. The data gained through DXA were fat mass, lean mass, regional (head, rib, arm, leg, pelvis, spine and trunk) BMD level, and total BMD level summed by regional scores. The club speeds were measured using the Golfzon Vision machine and the handicap points were measured using a simple questionnaire. The present results suggest that the long-frequency of playing screen golf does not improve bone mineral density, lean mass, and handicap point yet improves fat mass and club speed in the middle-aged men.
authors.affiliation: School of Sports and Leisure Studies, Korea University, Sejong, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Activity Design, Hanseo University, Seosan, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Seok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Jee
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, Woosuk University, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Oh
keywords: Bone mineral density; Fat mass; Screen golf