title: Maternal smoking and offspring inattention and hyperactivity: results from a cross-national European survey.
abstract: In utero exposure to tobacco smoke is associated with adverse neonatal outcomes; the association with later childhood mental health outcomes remains controversial. We used a strategy involving comparison of maternal and paternal smoking reports in a sample pooling data from six diverse European countries. Data were drawn from mother (N = 4,517) and teacher (N = 4,611) reported attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in school children aged 6-11 in Turkey, Romania, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Germany, and the Netherlands, surveyed in 2010. Mothers report on self and husband's smoking patterns during the pregnancy period. Logistic regression used with control covariates including demographics, maternal distress, live births, region, and post-pregnancy smoking. In unadjusted models, maternal prenatal smoking was associated with probable ADHD based on mother [Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.82, 95 % Confidence Interval (CI) 1.45-2.29], teacher (OR = 1.69, 95 % CI 1.33-2.14) and mother plus teacher (OR = 1.49, 95 % CI 1.03-2.17) report. Paternal prenatal smoking was similarly associated with probable ADHD in unadjusted models. When controlled for relevant confounders, maternal prenatal smoking remained a risk factor for offspring probable ADHD based on mother report (OR = 1.44, 95 % CI 1.06-1.96), whereas the effect of paternal prenatal smoking diminished (e.g., mother report: OR = 1.17, 95 % CI 0.92-1.49). Drawing on data from a diverse set of countries across Europe, we document that the association between maternal smoking and offspring ADHD is stronger than that of paternal smoking during the pregnancy period and offspring ADHD. To the extent that confounding is shared between parents, these results reflect a potential intrauterine influence of smoking on ADHD in children.
authors.affiliation: EHESP Rennes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, EA 4069, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Viviane
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kovess
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Keyes
authors.forename: Ava
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Ondine
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pez
authors.forename: Adina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bitfoi
authors.forename: Ceren
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koç
authors.forename: Dietmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goelitz
authors.forename: Rowella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kuijpers
authors.forename: Sigita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lesinskiene
authors.forename: Zlatka
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mihova
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Otten
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fermanian
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Pilowsky
authors.forename: Ezra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Susser
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006948:Hyperkinesis; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D009035:Mothers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010290:Parents; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution