title: The central amygdala as an integrative hub for anxiety and alcohol use disorders.
abstract: The central amygdala (CeA) plays a central role in physiologic and behavioral responses to fearful stimuli, stressful stimuli, and drug-related stimuli. The CeA receives dense inputs from cortical regions, is the major output region of the amygdala, is primarily GABAergic (inhibitory), and expresses high levels of prostress and antistress peptides. The CeA is also a constituent region of a conceptual macrostructure called the extended amygdala that is recruited during the transition to alcohol dependence. We discuss neurotransmission in the CeA as a potential integrative hub between anxiety disorders and alcohol use disorder, which are commonly co-occurring in humans. Imaging studies in humans and multidisciplinary work in animals collectively suggest that CeA structure and function are altered in individuals with anxiety disorders and alcohol use disorder, the end result of which may be disinhibition of downstream "effector" regions that regulate anxiety-related and alcohol-related behaviors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana; Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana. Electronic address: ngilpi@lsuhsc.edu.
authors.forename: Nicholas W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Gilpin
authors.affiliation: Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders (MAH, MR), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California.
authors.forename: Melissa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.affiliation: Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders (MAH, MR), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California.
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roberto
mesh_terms: D000437:Alcoholism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology*; D066274:Central Amygdaloid Nucleus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000502:physiology; D000431:Ethanol; D006801:Humans; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009478:Neuropeptide Y / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D009478:Neuropeptide Y; D000431:Ethanol; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone
keywords: Anxiety disorder; CRF; Extended amygdala; GABA; NPY; Posttraumatic stress disorder