title: A Case of the Intrapulmonary Spread of Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis With Malignant Transformation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe an individual with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis that extended into the lung parenchyma and underwent malignant transformation and to discuss the characteristic imaging findings associated with this condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical presentation of an individual with this unusual malignant transformation was reviewed. A literature search was performed to characterize the epidemiology, imaging findings and management of this condition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient underwent 30 courses of surgery over 21 years and presented disseminated pulmonary papilloma after childbirth. The interval between dissemination into the lung and malignant transformation was 2.5 years. The tracheal papilloma was positive for type 6 of human papilloma virus (HPV-6). She died because she refused further treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinician should have a high index of suspicion for lung papillomatosis in patients with a tracheotomy. Appropriate diagnostic imaging studies will be helpful in reaching this diagnosis and determining whether a malignancy exists. Treatment options have limited success when lung papillomatosis becomes malignant.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Ministry of Education of China), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Demin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Lijing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000556:secondary* / Q000821:virology; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D005260:Female; D052163:Human papillomavirus 6; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary* / Q000821:virology; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology