title: Punishment for bedwetting is associated with child depression and reduced quality of life.
abstract: This study assessed the relationship between parental punishment and depression as well as quality of life in children with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE). A consecutive sample of 65 children (7-13 years) with PMNE and 40 healthy children, selected as controls (Group III), were included in the study. The children with PMNE were further sub-classified into two groups: Group I, which included children who received parental punishment for enuresis and Group II, which comprised children who were not punished for bedwetting. Depression and health-related quality of life (HRQL) were assessed among the three groups. The number of wet nights per week was significantly increased in Group I compared with Group II (P<.001). In addition, the severity of depressive symptoms increased in Group I as compared to the other two groups (P<.001). Similarly, the psychosocial HRQL lower in Group compared to the control group (Group III) (P<.001). Prior parental discipline, including corporal punishment (B=0.55, P=.008), as well as the frequency (B=0.73, P<.001) and duration of punishment (B=0.33, P=.02) were strong predictors of increased depressive symptom severity. It was also found that prior punishment (B=-0.42, P=.01) and the frequency (B=-0.62, P<.001) and duration of punishment (B=-0.34, P=.02) were strong predictors for poor psychosocial HRQL. Overall, parental punishment has a poor outcome in children with PMNE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Faten Nabeel
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Al-Zaben
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Psychiatry, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohammad Gamal
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Sehlo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002668:Child Rearing; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000523:psychology*; D011678:Punishment / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Depression; Nocturnal enuresis; Parental punishment; Quality of life