title: Outbreak of fungal infections associated with contaminated methylprednisolone acetate: an update.
abstract: In September 2012, an unprecedented outbreak of fungal infections due to preservative-free, injectable methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) was identified. Exserohilum rostratum was quickly identified as the predominant organism involved in disease cases. Prior to this outbreak, little was known about the pathogenesis, treatment, and prognosis of infections due to this unusual brown-black mold. Almost 2 years after the onset of this outbreak, numerous epidemiologic and basic science studies have provided some guidance in understanding the epidemiology, clinical findings, diagnosis, and treatment of patients exposed to the contaminated medication. Additionally, this outbreak has directly led to the passage of legislation supporting increased regulation in the industry of pharmaceutical compounding. Many unanswered questions, particularly surrounding the long-term prognosis and outcomes for affected patients remain. However, it is clear that a strong relationship between clinicians caring for patients and public health as well as a rapid, effective public health response was critical in preventing additional cases of disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA, april.pettit@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: April C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Pettit
authors.forename: Anurag N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Malani