title: Glucose-insulin-potassium therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) has been advocated in the setting of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) to reduce ischemia-related arrhythmias and myocardial injury. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess whether the use of GIK infusions >3 or <3 hours after the onset of symptoms reduce mortality or cardiac arrest.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electronic databases (Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and references of retrieved articles were searched for RCTs evaluating the effect of GIK infusions, <3 hours or >3 hours after the onset of symptoms, on mortality and/or cardiac arrest. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine trials were identified and eligible for review. The summary OR for in-hospital mortality was 1.01 (95% CI 0.94 to 1.09), based on 2,542 deaths among 27,294 patients. The subgroup analysis according to the study enrollment time (within 3 hours [OR, 0.77, 95% CI 0.50-1.16], vs. >3 hours [OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.67-1.21]) did not reveal any difference in mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of GIK in ACS patients does not significantly reduce mortality whether or not GIK administration >3 or <3 hours after the onset of symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The People's Hospital of Anyang, Anyang, Henan, China. 13323729039@189.cn.
authors.forename: Pei-Yin
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Hai-San
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiao-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Wei-Fang
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Qin-Fu
authors.initials: QF
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011188:Potassium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D061665:Time-to-Treatment; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions; D007328:Insulin; C030396:glucose-insulin-potassium cardioplegic solution; D005947:Glucose; D011188:Potassium