title: An automatic, vigorous-injection assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique for stopped-flow spectrophotometric detection of boron.
abstract: A novel automatic vigorous-injection assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure based on the use of a modified single-valve sequential injection manifold (SV-SIA) was developed and applied for determination of boron in water samples. The major novelties in the procedure are the achieving of efficient dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction by means of single vigorous-injection (250 µL, 900 µL s(-1)) of the extraction solvent (n-amylacetate) into aqueous phase resulting in the effective dispersive mixing without using dispersive solvent and after self-separation of the phases, as well as forwarding of the extraction phase directly to a Z-flow cell (10 mm) without the use of a holding coil for stopped-flow spectrophotometric detection. The calibration working range was linear up to 2.43 mg L(-1) of boron at 426nm wavelength. The limit of detection, calculated as 3s of a blank test (n=10), was found to be 0.003 mg L(-1), and the relative standard deviation, measured as ten replicable concentrations at 0.41 mg L(-1) of boron was determined to be 5.6%. The validation of the method was tested using certified reference material.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of P.J. Šafárik, SK-04154 Košice, Slovakia. Electronic address: michal.alexovic@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alexovič
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, PL-30060 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wieczorek
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, PL-30060 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kozak
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, PL-30060 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kościelniak
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, College of Nyíregyháza, HU-4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ioseph S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Balogh
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of P.J. Šafárik, SK-04154 Košice, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Vasil
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Andruch
mesh_terms: D001895:Boron / Q000032:analysis*; D004867:Equipment Design; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D057230:Limit of Detection; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D001895:Boron
keywords: Automation; Boron; Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction; Flow batch; Stopped-flow principle; Water