title: Bilateral prefrontal rTMS and theta burst TMS as an add-on treatment for depression: a randomized placebo controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the left dorsolateral-prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) exerts antidepressant effects. In this randomised controlled clinical trial we aimed to test the safety and therapeutic efficacy of bilateral theta-burst stimulation (TBS) as an add-on therapy to standard treatment of major depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six patients diagnosed with a moderate to severe depressive episode received 15 daily treatments of either rTMS (110% motor-threshold; rightDLPFC, 1000 stimuli at 1 Hz + leftDLPFC, 1000 stimuli at 10 Hz), theta-burst stimulation (80% motor-threshold; rightDLPFC, continuous TBS, 1200 stimuli + leftDLPFC, intermittent TBS, 1200 stimuli), or sham TMS (N = 17, sham coil with the TBS protocol).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant effect in the primary outcome measures (change of the 21-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression). However, there was a tendency towards an increased responder rate at the end of the follow-up period for both active treatments as compared to sham, and this tendency was most pronounced for the TBS group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pilot study did not reveal significant advantages of bilateral TBS or rTMS over sham treatment as an add-on treatment for major depression. A tendency towards a superior effect of bilateral TBS at the end of the follow-up period may warrant further studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prasser
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schecklmann
authors.forename: Timm B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Poeppl
authors.forename: Elmar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Kreuzer
authors.forename: Goeran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hajak
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rupprecht
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Landgrebe
authors.forename: Berthold
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Langguth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents
keywords: bilateral; depression; prefrontal cortex; repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; theta burst