title: Emerging technologies for point-of-care management of HIV infection.
abstract: The global HIV/AIDS pandemic has resulted in 39 million deaths to date, and there are currently more than 35 million people living with HIV worldwide. Prevention, screening, and treatment strategies have led to major progress in addressing this disease globally. Diagnostics is critical for HIV prevention, screening and disease staging, and monitoring antiretroviral therapy (ART). Currently available diagnostic assays, which include polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and western blot (WB), are complex, expensive, and time consuming. These diagnostic technologies are ill suited for use in low- and middle-income countries, where the challenge of the HIV/AIDS pandemic is most severe. Therefore, innovative, inexpensive, disposable, and rapid diagnostic platform technologies are urgently needed. In this review, we discuss challenges associated with HIV management in resource-constrained settings and review the state-of-the-art HIV diagnostic technologies for CD4(+) T lymphocyte count, viral load measurement, and drug resistance testing.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shafiee
authors.forename: ShuQi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Inci
authors.forename: Mehlika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toy
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Henrich
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Kuritzkes
authors.forename: Utkan
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Demirci
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D019468:Disease Management; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24 / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: AIDS; CD4 cell count; diagnostics; micro- and nanotechnology; viral load