title: Pre- and postcontrast T1 and T2 mapping of patellar cartilage in young adults with recurrent patellar dislocation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the cartilage quality in young adults with recurrent patellar dislocation in childhood using different magnetic resonance imaging parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen young adults with unilateral recurrent patellar dislocation were investigated ≥5 y (mean, 8.5 y) after the first dislocation. Pre- and postcontrast T1 and precontrast T2 relaxation times were analyzed in four superficial and four deep patellar cartilage regions of both knees. Two hours after intravenous injection of 0.2 mM/kg Gd-DTPA(2-), postcontrast T1 [T1(Gd)] and ΔR1 [1/T1 (precontrast) - 1/T1 (postcontrast)] were analyzed in the regions. Muscle performance and patient-reported outcome were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When comparing the injured side with the noninjured side, differences were seen in the superficial half but not the deep half of the cartilage. T1(Gd) was shorter in the central part, whereas T2 was shorter in the periphery of the patellar cartilage (P < 0.05). ΔR1 demonstrated similar differences between healthy and diseased cartilage as T1(Gd) alone. The knee function was not correlated to the degenerative changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The short T1(Gd) centrally indicates degenerative cartilage changes consistent with loss of glycosaminoglycans. Precontrast and ΔR1 calculations may be excluded in clinical dGEMRIC, which simplifies the procedure. A decrease in T2 may be a very early sign of joint pathology but warrants further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Womens and Childrens Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bengtsson Moström
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.|Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Eveliina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lammentausta
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Thröstur
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Finnbogason
authors.affiliation: Stockholm Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weidenhielm
authors.affiliation: Department of Womens and Childrens Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Per-Mats
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Janarv
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Carl Johan
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Tiderius
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000465:Algorithms; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007717:Knee / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010329:Patella / Q000473:pathology*; D031222:Patellar Dislocation / Q000473:pathology*; D012008:Recurrence
keywords: T2; dGEMRIC; osteoarthritis; patellar dislocation