title: Effect of ambient temperature on viral replication and serum antibody titers following administration of a commercial intranasal modified-live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis-parainfluenza-3 virus vaccine to beef cattle housed in high- and moderate-ambient temperature environments.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of ambient temperature on viral replication and serum antibody titers following administration of an intranasal modified-live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)-parainfluenza-3 (PI3) virus vaccine to beef calves housed in high- (> 32°C) and moderate- (21°C) ambient temperature environments.
  
  
  METHODS
  28 calves (mean weight, 206.8 kg).
  
  
  METHODS
  Calves were randomly allocated to 4 treatment groups (housed outdoors during high ambient temperature with [HAT; n = 10] or without [HAC; 4] vaccination or housed indoors in a moderate ambient temperature with [MAT; 10] or without [MAC; 4] vaccination). Rectal and nasal mucosal temperatures were recorded every 2 hours from 8 AM to 8 PM on days 0 (vaccination) and 1. Nasal swab specimens were obtained on days 0 through 7 for virus isolation. Serum samples were collected on days 0, 7, 14, and 28 for determination of antibody titers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean rectal temperature did not differ among the treatment groups. Mean nasal temperature for the HAT group was significantly higher than that for the MAT group at 6, 24, 30, 32, and 38 hours after vaccination. Viable IBR virus was isolated from all vaccinated calves on days 1 through 6. Two weeks after vaccination, vaccinated calves had anti-IBR antibody titers that were significantly greater than those for unvaccinated calves. Mean anti-IBR antibody titers did not differ significantly between the HAT and MAT groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicated that, following vaccination with an intranasal modified-live IBR-PI3 virus vaccine, IBR viral replication and serum antibody titers did not differ significantly between calves housed in high- and moderate-ambient temperature environments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506.
authors.forename: Gretchen P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Grissett
authors.forename: Brad J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: Matt D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Miesner
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002417:Cattle; D007242:Herpesvirus 1, Bovine / Q000276:immunology; D006799:Housing, Animal; D007241:Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000662:veterinary; D013696:Temperature; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014765:Viral Vaccines