title: Comparison of brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in youth with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is a method of evaluating the function of vascular endothelial cells and is utilized for early diagnosis of atherosclerotic diseases. Only a few studies evaluated the risks for major vascular complications in youth with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus from the aspect of the early development of atherosclerosis. We studied whether there is a difference in vascular endothelial cell function between youth with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed %FMD of 24 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 27 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 12-20 years along with glycated hemoglobin, lipid metabolism markers such as triglycerides, and inflammatory biomarkers such as total adiponectin levels in adolescent patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus. The significance of the difference in each factor between the type 1 and type 2 diabetes groups was assessed using Student's t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The %FMD was significantly lower in patients with type 2 diabetes. The body mass index and blood pressure were significantly higher, and total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin levels were significantly lower in patients with type 2 diabetes. %FMD significantly correlated with systolic blood pressure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that youth with type 2 diabetes have more advanced damage of the vascular endothelium and therefore are at higher risk for major vascular complications. Therefore, monitoring the progression of atherosclerosis would also be beneficial in youth with diabetes mellitus, and measurement of FMD could be further warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics Yokohama City University Medical Center Yokohama Kanagawa Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohsugi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics Yokohama City University Medical Center Yokohama Kanagawa Japan.
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics Yokohama City University Medical Center Yokohama Kanagawa Japan.
authors.forename: Kanako
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ebina
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics Yokohama City University Medical Center Yokohama Kanagawa Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shiga
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics Yokohama City University Medical Center Yokohama Kanagawa Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics Yokohama City University Medical Center Yokohama Kanagawa Japan.
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics Yokohama City University School of Medicine Yokohama Kanagawa Japan.
authors.forename: Shumpei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yokota
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Diabetes mellitus; Youth