title: Reduction of membrane fouling by innovative method (injection of air jet).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One of the most important challenges about the Membrane Bio Reactors is membrane fouling. Fouling has been at the centre of a globe debate for more recent years. It leads to high operational and maintenance costs such as membrane damage and replacement of membrane. Membrane fouling is attributed to the physicochemical interactions between the bio fluid and membrane. In order to decrease the fouling in bioreactors there are common anti fouling strategies such as operation at low flux, Optimization of aeration flow-rate and Physical and chemical cleanings. However, often they are not effective.
  
  
  METHODS
  This work deal with fouling crisis by a new and innovative method in order to reduce of fouling on membrane surface by injection of parallel air jet on membrane bio reactor. This is a new idea and fundamental study about the influence of wall jet on fouling of membrane surface. This study is included both experimental and numerical investigations. In order to polarize the stream path on the surface of the membrane, four symmetric nozzles were implemented at the bottom of the membrane surface upon the sparger. The changes in the fouling resistance were experimentally measured at five various jet velocities and all of them recorded by a computer system. In addition the effect of air jet velocity and shear stress on fouling resistances was also investigated by computational fluid dynamics at the similar conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was revealed that the permeate flux and resistance of fouling can be related to shear stress of air flow at the membrane surface. When the velocity of air jets increase, the permeate flux increase too. Also, results illustrate that jet injection can partially remove the cake which was formed on the surface of the membrane.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Correlations were developed for estimating each resistance of the membrane surface via the shear stress. The resistances of the cake are removed by the jet velocity changes, from 20% in lower jet velocity up to 40% in higher jet velocity.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam-Sadat
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Amiraftabi
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Navid
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mostoufi
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosseinzadeh
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad-Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mehrnia
keywords: CFD; Fouling control; Jet injection; Membrane bioreactor; Shear stress