title: Aerobic and sequential anaerobic fermentation to produce xylitol and ethanol using non-detoxified acid pretreated corncob.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For economical bioethanol production from lignocellulosic materials, the major technical challenges to lower the production cost are as follows: (1) The microorganism should use efficiently all glucose and xylose in the lignocellulose hydrolysate. (2) The microorganism should have high tolerance to the inhibitors present in the lignocellulose hydrolysate. The aim of the present work was to combine inhibitor degradation, xylitol fermentation, and ethanol production using a single yeast strain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A new process of integrated aerobic xylitol production and anaerobic ethanol fermentation using non-detoxified acid pretreated corncob by Candida tropicalis W103 was proposed. C. tropicalis W103 is able to degrade acetate, furfural, and 5-hydromethylfurfural and metabolite xylose to xylitol under aerobic conditions, and the aerobic fermentation residue was used as the substrate for ethanol production by anaerobic simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. With 20% substrate loading, furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural were degraded totally after 60 h aerobic incubation. A maximal xylitol concentration of 17.1 g l(-1) was obtained with a yield of 0.32 g g(-1) xylose. Then under anaerobic conditions with the addition of cellulase, 25.3 g l(-1) ethanol was produced after 72 h anaerobic fermentation, corresponding to 82% of the theoretical yield.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Xylitol and ethanol were produced in Candida tropicalis W103 using dual-phase fermentations, which comprise a changing from aerobic conditions (inhibitor degradation and xylitol production) to anaerobic simultaneous saccharification and ethanol fermentation. This is the first report of integrated xylitol and ethanol production from non-detoxified acid pretreated corncob using a single microorganism.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ke-Ke
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhang-Nan
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jian-An
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Zhang
keywords: Bioconversion; Corncob; Fermentation; Inhibitor; Microbial Growth