title: Appropriate physical activity and dietary intake achieve optimal metabolic control in older type 2 diabetes patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to investigate an appropriate level of physical activity and optimal dietary intake in older type 2 diabetes patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cross-sectional study enrolled 210 older type 2 diabetes patients. Participants were interviewed to obtain information on physical activity, 24-h dietary recall and typical weekly dietary patterns. Anthropometric measurements, and biochemical analysis of blood and urine were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Moderate physical activity (either moderate leisure-time physical activity or moderate physical activity level) and diet with protein intake of ≥0.8 g/kg/day were associated with lower glycated hemoglobin and triglyceride, higher high-density lipoprotein, lower waist circumference, body mass index and body fat, as well as better serum magnesium and albumin levels in older diabetic patients. In contrast, inadequate protein intake was correlated with higher glycated hemoglobin, triglyceride, body fat percentage, waist circumference and body mass index. In addition, high physical activity with inadequate protein and magnesium intake might exacerbate magnesium deficiency, resulting in poor glycemic control in older diabetic patients. Furthermore, low physical activity and inadequate protein intake were linked with poor glycemic control, and lower high-density lipoprotein, and higher triglyceride, body fat percentage, waist circumference and body mass index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moderate physical activity and adequate dietary protein intake (≥0.8 g/kg/day) might be the optimal recommendation for better metabolic control in older adults with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: PhD Program in Nutrition and Food Science and Department of Nutritional Science Fu-Jen Catholic University Hsinchuang New Taipei City Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jui-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell Center Department of Medical Research Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung Taiwan.
authors.forename: Fu-Chou
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrine and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Erlin-Branch Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua Taiwan.
authors.forename: Leih-Ching
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: College of Living Technology Tainan University of Technology Tainan Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ning-Yuean
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: PhD Program in Nutrition and Food Science and Department of Nutritional Science Fu-Jen Catholic University Hsinchuang New Taipei City Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Fa
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Lu
keywords: Dietary intake; Older diabetes patients; Physical activity