title: Fibromyalgia and nondipper circadian blood pressure variability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aberrant circadian rhythm with persistent nocturnal sympathetic hyperactivity has pointed out malfunctioning autonomic nervous system in fibromyalgia (FM) patients. This is a common pathogenesis shared also by patients with nondipping blood pressure (BP) pattern. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the frequency of nondipping BP pattern in normotensive women with newly diagnosed FM compared with healthy women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-seven normotensive women with new diagnosis of FM and 38 age-matched healthy volunteer women were recruited into the study. All subjects underwent 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring on a usual working day. Individuals were defined as "dippers" if their nocturnal BP values decreased by more than 10% compared with daytime values; defined as "nondippers" in case of a decline less than 10%. Serum creatinine, fasting blood glucose, cholesterol levels, albumin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ambulatory measurements showed significantly higher diastolic BP values in patients with FM for both average of 24-hour recordings. Patients with FM had significantly lower systolic (9.1 ± 3.9 vs 11.5 ± 4.9, P = 0.010) and diastolic dipping ratios (12.3 ± 6.1 vs 16.1 ± 6.4, P = 0.004). The number of nondippers in the FM group was significantly higher than that of controls for both systolic (66% vs 34%, P = 0.002) and diastolic BP measurements (42% vs 21%, P=0.031). Patients with FM were 3.68 times more likely to be systolic nondipper and 2.69 times more likely to be diastolic nondipper.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have demonstrated a significant relationship between FM and nondipping BP pattern, and we suggest that nondipping profile, which has been closely associated with cardiovascular morbidity, may appear as an additional risk factor in patients with FM.
authors.affiliation: From the *Department of Nephrology, Gazi University Medical School; and †Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nafiz Körez Sincan State Hospital, Ankara; and ‡Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Niğde State Hospital Niğde, Turkey.
authors.forename: Salih
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inal
authors.forename: Esra Erkol
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: İnal
authors.forename: Gülay Ulusal
authors.initials: GU
authors.lastname: Okyay
authors.forename: Gökhan Tuna
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Öztürk
authors.forename: Kürşad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Öneç
authors.forename: Galip
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Güz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000886:Anthropometry; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000379:methods; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015994:Incidence; D016014:Linear Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014421:Turkey