title: Assessment of cadmium, lead, and nickel levels in hair care products marketed in Turkey.
abstract: This study evaluated the content of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni) in 105 hair care products commercially available in Turkey. Cd, Pb, and Ni were detected in 40%, 21.91%, and 94.29% of the samples, respectively. Maximum Cd concentrations were detected in two shampoo samples, and the highest Pb level was found in a hair conditioner, all of them were herbal-based formulations. The highest mean levels of Ni were detected in hairstyling agents. The overall results were lower than the Canadian and German regulatory limits; however, according to the European Council Directive and Turkish Cosmetic Legislation, Cd, Pb, and Ni are listed as the substances that are prohibited in any amounts in cosmetics. Moreover, Ni content of 17.14% of the samples was above the limit of allergic contact dermatitis. It is known that these toxic metals tend to accumulate in body and prolonged use of them may potentially pose threat to human health. Thus, regular market monitoring and safer limits should be seriously considered especially for susceptible groups of the population like the pediatric group.
authors.forename: Hande
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sipahi
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Charehsaz
authors.forename: Ipek
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sonmez
authors.forename: Buğra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Soykut
authors.forename: Onur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Erdem
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aydin
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis*; D006203:Hair Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D009532:Nickel / Q000032:analysis*; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D006203:Hair Preparations; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D009532:Nickel