title: Effects of GSTM1/GSTT1 gene polymorphism and fruit & vegetable consumption on antioxidant biomarkers and cognitive function in the elderly: a community based cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It was reported that Glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene polymorphism and fruit and vegetable (FV) intake were associated with body antioxidant capacity. The oxidative/anti-oxidative imbalance played an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. However, the association of GST genotype, dietary FV consumption with body antioxidant biomarkers and cognitive function in the elderly is not clear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to determine the association of GST genotype, and dietary FV intake, with antioxidant biomarkers and cognitive function in the elderly.
  
  
  METHODS
  Food frequency questionnaire was used to collect data of dietary FV intakes in 504 community dwelling elderly aged from 55 to 75 years old. GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes were determined by using multiple-PCR method. Plasma and erythrocyte antioxidant biomarkers were measured. Cognitive function was measured by using Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Statistical analysis was applied for exploring the association of GST genotype and FV intake with antioxidant biomarkers level and cognitive function in the elderly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individual GSTM1 or GSTT1 gene deletion affects body antioxidant biomarkers levels, including erythrocyte GST activity, plasma total antioxidant capacity, and glutathione levels. GSTM1and/or GSTT1 gene deletion have no effects on cognitive function in the surveyed participants. The effect of GST genotype on antioxidant biomarkers are FV intake dependent. There is interaction of FV intake and GST genotype on cognitive function in the elderly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GST genotype or daily FV consumption impact body antioxidant biomarkers, but not cognitive function in the elderly. There were combined effects of GST genotype and FV consumption on cognitive function in the elderly population. Large scale perspective population study is required to explore the association of GST genetic polymorphism, FV consumption and antioxidant biomarkers and cognitive function in the elderly.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R.China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Linhong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R.China.
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R.China.
authors.forename: Jinmeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Nanyuan Community Health Service Center of Fengtai District, Beijing, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jixia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Nanyuan Community Health Service Center of Fengtai District, Beijing, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R.China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R.China.
authors.forename: Quanri
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R.China.
authors.forename: Lingli
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R.China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R.China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004034:Diet Surveys / Q000379:methods; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005638:Fruit; D005838:Genotype; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D005978:Glutathione; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1