title: Polymorphisms of the ApoE (Apolipoprotein E) gene and their influence on dyslipidemia in HIV-1-infected individuals.
abstract: The purpose of this retrospective case-control study was to investigate the frequency of Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphisms and their influence on antiretroviral therapy (ART)-induced lipodystrophy or dyslipidemia in HIV-infected Thai patients. The clinical characteristics and frequencies of ApoE genotypes were compared between the case (moderate to severe lipodystrophy, n = 67) and control (absent to mild lipodystrophy, n = 18) groups. The ApoE genotype frequencies among the 85 participants were 2.35% (n = 2) for E2/E2, 20% (n = 17) for E2/E3, 9.41% (n = 8) for E2/E4, 36.47% (n = 31) for E3/E3, 30.59% (n = 26) for E3/E4, and 1.18% (n = 1) for E4/E4. None of the ApoE genotypes showed association with ART-induced lipodystrophy. However, the levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol), and ApoB were lower in patients carrying the E2 allele but higher in E4 carriers. Interestingly, the ratios between TC and high-density lipoprotein (TC/HDL cholesterol ratio) and ApoB/ApoA-I ratio were significantly higher in the case group. Patients carrying the E2 allele displayed protective lipid profile, while those carrying E4 appeared to be at higher risk of dyslipidemia. In conclusion, ApoE polymorphisms were not associated with lipodystrophy in patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy but influenced lipid alteration.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine; Division of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University.
authors.forename: Tanida
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suwalak
authors.forename: Pornpen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Srisawasdi
authors.forename: Apichaya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Puangpetch
authors.forename: Siwalee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santon
authors.forename: Napatrupron
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koomdee
authors.forename: Montri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chamnanphon
authors.forename: Angkana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Charoenyingwattana
authors.forename: Wasun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chantratita
authors.forename: Chonlaphat
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sukasem
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013785:Thailand; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D001057:Apolipoproteins E