title: The descriptive epidemiology of gastric cancer in Central America and comparison with United States Hispanic populations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to delineate the epidemiology of gastric adenocarcinoma in Central America and contrast it with Hispanic-Latino populations in the USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Published literature and Central America Ministry of Health databases were used as primary data sources, including national, population-based, and hospital-based registries. US data was obtained from the National Cancer Institute (NCI)-Epidemiology End Results Program (SEER) registry. Incident gastric adenocarcinoma cases were analyzed for available data between 1985 and 2011, including demographic variables and pathology information.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Central America, 19,741 incident gastric adenocarcinomas were identified. Two thirds of the cases were male, 20.5 % were under age 55, and 58.5 %were from rural areas. In the SEER database (n = 7871), 57.8 % were male and 28.9 % were under age 55. Among the US Hispanics born in Central America with gastric cancer (n = 1210), 50.3 % of cases were male and 38.1 % were under age 55. Non-cardia gastric cancer was more common in Central America (83.3 %), among US Hispanics (80.2 %), and Hispanics born in Central America (86.3 %). Cancers of the antrum were more common in Central America (73.6 %), whereas cancers of the corpus were slightly more common among US Hispanics (54.0 %). Adenocarcinoma of the diffuse subtype was relatively common, both in Central America (35.7 %) and US Hispanics (69.5 %), although Lauren classification was reported in only 50 % of cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significant burden of gastric adenocarcinoma is observed in Central America based upon limited available data. Differences are noted between Central America and US Hispanics. Strengthening population-based registries is needed for improved cancer control in Central America, which may have implications for the growing US Hispanic population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and Jackson Memorial Hospital, 1611 NW 12th Avenue Central Building, Room 600D (R-60), Miami, FL, 33136, USA, je.corral@med.miami.edu.
authors.forename: Juan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Corral
authors.forename: Juan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Delgado Hurtado
authors.forename: Ricardo L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Domínguez
authors.forename: Marisabel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valdez de Cuéllar
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Balmore Cruz
authors.forename: Douglas R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Morgan
mesh_terms: D002489:Central America / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology