title: Low serum cartonectin/CTRP3 concentrations in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: in vivo regulation of cartonectin by glucose.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cartonectin is a novel adipokine of the C1q complement/TNF-related protein (CTRP) superfamily, with glucose lowering effects, anti-inflammatory and cardio-protective properties. We sought to investigate circulating cartonectin concentrations in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as well as age and BMI matched control subjects. We also examined the effects of a 2 hour 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on serum cartonectin concentrations in T2DM subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study [newly diagnosed (first discovery, not on any treatments) T2DM (n = 47) and control (n = 63) subjects]. Serum cartonectin was measured by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum cartonectin concentrations were significantly lower in patients with T2DM compared to controls (P<0.05). Furthermore, serum cartonectin was significantly negatively correlated with glucose and CRP, and significantly positively correlated with leptin, in all subjects (n = 110). When subjected to multiple regression analysis, none of these variables were predictive of serum cartonectin (P>0.05). There were no significant correlations in T2DM subjects (n = 47). In control subjects (n = 63), serum cartonectin was significantly negatively correlated with CRP, and significantly positively correlated with insulin, HOMA-IR and leptin. However, when subjected to multiple regression analysis, none of these variables were predictive of serum cartonectin (P>0.05). Finally, serum cartonectin concentrations were significantly lower in T2DM subjects after a 2 hour 75 g OGTT (P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cartonectin may serve as a novel biomarker for the prediction and early diagnosis of T2DM patients. Furthermore, cartonectin and/or pharmacological agents that increase circulating cartonectin levels can represent a new therapeutic field in the treatment of T2DM patients. Further research is needed to clarify these points.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jining Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, P.R. of China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ban
authors.affiliation: Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, P.R. of China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jining Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, P.R. of China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. of China.
authors.forename: Manman
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jiamiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Manjunath
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramanjaneya
authors.affiliation: Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands, United Kingdom; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Birmingham Heartlands and Solihull Hospitals, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Bee K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, P.R. of China; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C506069:C1QTNF3 protein, human; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors; D005947:Glucose