title: Freeze-drying of proteins.
abstract: Freeze-drying has become one of the most important processes for the preservation of biological products. This chapter provides protocols for freeze-drying of proteins and discusses the importance of formulation, cycle development, and validation. Specific formulations for stabilization of proteins are presented as well as advice on common problems with freeze-drying of proteins.
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, Institute of Biothermal Science, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China, blliuk@163.com.
authors.forename: Baolin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xinli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D005612:Freeze Drying / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D055550:Protein Stability; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D011506:Proteins