title: Composition and antioxidant activity of the anthocyanins of the fruit of Berberis heteropoda Schrenk.
abstract: In present study, the anthocyanin composition and content of the fruit of B. heteropoda Schrenk were determined for the first time. The total anthocyanins were extracted from the fruit of B. heteropoda Schrenk using 0.5% HCl in 80% methanol and were then purified using an AB-8 macroporous resin column. The purified anthocyanin extract (PAE) was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and HPLC-high resolution-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-HR-ESI-MS) under the same experimental conditions. The results revealed the presence of seven different anthocyanins. The major anthocyanins purified by preparative HPLC were confirmed to be delphinidin-3-O-glucopyranoside (30.3%), cyanidin-3-O-glucopyranoside (33.5%), petunidin-3-Ο-glucopyranoside (10.5%), peonidin-3-O-glucopyranoside (8.5%) and malvidin-3-O-glucopyranoside (13.8%) using HPLC-HR-ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopy. The total anthocyanin content was 2036.6 ± 2.2 mg/100 g of the fresh weight of B. heteropoda Schrenk fruit. In terms of its total reducing capacity assay, DPPH radical-scavenging activity assay, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and ABTS radical cation-scavenging activity assay, the PAE also showed potent antioxidant activity. The results are valuable for illuminating anthocyanins composition of B. heteropoda Schrenk and for further utilising them as a promising anthocyanin pigment source. This research enriched the chemical information of B. heteropoda Schrenk.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China. sunlili@imm.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Li-Li
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China. gaowan@imm.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Wan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China. chenxiangmengmeng@163.com.
authors.forename: Meng-Meng
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China. lc6722821@126.com.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China. wangaiguo@imm.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Ai-Guo
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China. suyalun@imm.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Ya-Lun
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China. jitf@imm.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Teng-Fei
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Ji
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000737:chemistry*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D028142:Berberis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000737:chemistry; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000975:Antioxidants; D005960:Glucosides; C065861:malvidin; C494120:delphinidin 3-O-glucopyranoside; C017154:cyanidin; C473205:peonidin; C473206:petunidin