title: Intra- and interobserver agreement on radiographic phenotype in the diagnosis of canine hip dysplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the repeatability and reproducibility of the presence of a circumferential femoral head osteophyte (CFHO), a curvilinear caudolateral osteophyte (CCO), osteosclerosis of the cranial acetabular edge (Scler CrAE), degenerative joint disease (DJD), and the diagnosis of suspected canine hip dysplasia (CHD) in different groups of experienced observers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standard hip extended radiographs (n = 50).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine experienced observers were divided into 3 groups: surgeons (DECVS), radiologists (DECVDI), and non-board certified observers (NBC) and 2 subgroups (academics and non-academics). Cohen's kappa (κ) was calculated for CFHO, CCO, Scler CrAE, DJD, and suspected CHD, and weighted κ was calculated for DJD score to determine inter- and intraobserver agreement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraobserver agreement on CFHO, CCO, Scler CrAE, DJD, and suspected CHD ranged from slight to almost perfect, but was not significantly different between NBC, DECVS, and DECVDI. Radiologists and non-board certified observers had a more uniform scoring than surgeons on the overall DJD score, as did academics versus non-academics. Interobserver agreement for NBC was more uniform than that of radiologists and surgeons on CCO and DJD. NBC and radiologists scored more uniformly than surgeons on CFHO, and radiologists scored more uniformly than NBC and surgeons on Scler CrAE. Academics scored more uniformly than non-academics, but only significantly for Scler CrAE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recognition of specific radiographic markers is only fairly reliable within and between experienced observers. Therefore, care must be taken to apply these traits in official screening, surgical decision-making and scientific research.
authors.affiliation: Algemene Dierenkliniek Randstad, Borsbeek, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ruth R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Fortrie
authors.forename: Geert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Verhoeven
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Broeckx
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duchateau
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Janssens
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Samoy
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schreurs
authors.forename: Jimmy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: Henri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Bree
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vandekerckhove
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Coopman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006619:Hip Dysplasia, Canine / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010641:Phenotype; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011859:Radiography; D015203:Reproducibility of Results