title: The physical properties and ion release of CPP-ACP-modified calcium silicate-based cements.
abstract: This study investigated the physical properties and ion release of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP)-modified calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs) and compared the properties of a trial mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) with two commercially available CSCs, Biodentine(™) and Angelus(®) MTA.
  
  
  
  The setting time, solubility, compressive strength and Vickers surface microhardness of the three CSCs incorporated with 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.0% (w/w) CPP-ACP were investigated. Release of calcium (Ca(2+) ), phosphate ions (Pi ) and pH of the test cements were measured after 24, 72, 168 and 336 h of storage.
  
  
  
  The addition of up to 1.0% CPP-ACP into Biodentine(™) and 0.5% into the other cements did not adversely affect their physical properties except for the setting time. The addition of 0.5% CPP-ACP increased Ca(2+) released from Biodentine(™) (after 168 and 336 h), Angelus(®) MTA (after 168 h) and the trial MTA (after 72 h). The addition of 1.0-3.0% CPP-ACP increased Ca(2+) and Pi released from all the cements. Biodentine(™) released more Ca(2+) particularly in the early stages and showed shorter setting time and higher mechanical properties than the other cements. The mechanical properties of Angelus(®) MTA and the trial MTA were similar. All the cements produced highly alkaline storage solutions.
  
  
  
  Up to 1.0% CPP-ACP in Biodentine(™) improves Ca(2+) and Pi release and 0.5% CPP-ACP in Angelus(®) MTA and the trial MTA improves Ca(2+) release without altering the mechanical properties and solubility. The addition of CPP-ACP into CSCs prolonged the setting time.
authors.affiliation: Oral Health CRC, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Dawood
authors.affiliation: Oral Health CRC, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Manton
authors.affiliation: Oral Health CRC, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parashos
authors.affiliation: Oral Health CRC, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria.
authors.forename: Rhk
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Oral Health CRC, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria.
authors.forename: Jea
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Palamara
authors.affiliation: Oral Health CRC, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria.
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Stanton
authors.affiliation: Oral Health CRC, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Reynolds
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002364:Caseins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D002364:Caseins; D003738:Dental Cements; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D017640:Silicates; C447032:casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplex; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C506393:tricalcium silicate; C031293:calcium silicate; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Biodentine™; CPP-ACP; MTA; ion release; physical properties