title: (Metallo)porphyrins as potent phototoxic anti-cancer agents after irradiation with red light.
abstract: Novel photoactive (metallo)porphyrins were synthesised and characterised. When irradiated with light at a wavelength greater than 600 nm, these porphyrins act as photosensitisers and show high cytotoxicity towards two different human cancer cell lines with IC50 values down to 0.4 μM. A paramagnetic copper(II) porphyrin is the first photosensitiser to display excellent phototoxicity, explained by the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping of hydroxy radicals and experimentally confirmed by the discovery of elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside A2780 cells after irradiation with red light. This finding indicates that paramagnetic compounds should be considered for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Furthermore, an additive effect of cisplatin and a zinc porphyrin, both at subtherapeutic concentrations of 0.22 μM, was observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich (Switzerland), Fax: (+41) 44-635-68-03.
authors.forename: Philipp M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Antoni
authors.forename: Anu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naik
authors.forename: Ina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rubbiani
authors.forename: Susmita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Sanchez
authors.forename: Pornkanok
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Munikorn
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mateos
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Luginbuehl
authors.forename: Patchanita
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thamyongkit
authors.forename: Urs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gasser
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jeschke
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Spingler
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D056831:Coordination Complexes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D056831:Coordination Complexes; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011166:Porphyrins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D003300:Copper; D002945:Cisplatin
keywords: EPR spectroscopy; anticancer agents; photodynamic therapy; porphyrinoids