title: Evolution in changing environments: modifiers of mutation, recombination, and migration.
abstract: The production and maintenance of genetic and phenotypic diversity under temporally fluctuating selection and the signatures of environmental changes in the patterns of this variation have been important areas of focus in population genetics. On one hand, periods of constant selection pull the genetic makeup of populations toward local fitness optima. On the other, to cope with changes in the selection regime, populations may evolve mechanisms that create a diversity of genotypes. By tuning the rates at which variability is produced--such as the rates of recombination, mutation, or migration--populations may increase their long-term adaptability. Here we use theoretical models to gain insight into how the rates of these three evolutionary forces are shaped by fluctuating selection. We compare and contrast the evolution of recombination, mutation, and migration under similar patterns of environmental change and show that these three sources of phenotypic variation are surprisingly similar in their response to changing selection. We show that the shape, size, variance, and asymmetry of environmental fluctuation have different but predictable effects on evolutionary dynamics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020; and ocarja@sas.upenn.edu mfeldman@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Oana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Carja
authors.affiliation: School of Mathematical Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
authors.forename: Uri
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Liberman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020; and ocarja@sas.upenn.edu mfeldman@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Marcus W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Feldman
mesh_terms: D025041:Animal Migration / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D004777:Environment; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population / Q000379:methods; D008954:Models, Biological; D059645:Mutation Rate; D010641:Phenotype; D011995:Recombination, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012641:Selection, Genetic
keywords: fluctuating selection; migration rate; modifier genes; mutation rate; recombination rate