title: Hypertension in African Americans with heart failure: progression from hypertrophy to dilatation; perhaps not.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Concentric hypertrophy is thought to transition to left ventricular (LV) dilatation and systolic failure in the presence of long standing hypertension (HTN). Whether or not this transition routinely occurs in humans is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We consecutively enrolled African American patients hospitalized for acute decompensated volume overload heart failure (HF) in this retrospective study. All patients had a history of HTN and absence of obstructive coronary disease. Patients were divided into those with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and reduced LVEF. LV dimensions were measured according to standard ASE recommendations. LV mass was calculated using the ASE formula with Devereux correction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with normal LVEF HF were significantly older, female and had a longer duration of HTN with higher systolic blood pressure on admission. LV wall thickness was similarly elevated in both groups. LV mass was elevated in both groups however was significantly greater in the reduced LVEF HF group compared to the normal LVEF HF group. Furthermore, gender was an independent predictor for LV wall thickness in normal LVEF HF group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In African American patients with HF our study questions the paradigm that concentric hypertrophy transitions to LV dilatation and systolic failure in the presence of HTN. Genetics and gender likely play a role in an individual's response to long standing hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, 185 S. Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
authors.forename: Pallavi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Solanki
authors.forename: Ramzan M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Zakir
authors.forename: Rajiv J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Sri-Ram
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Pentakota
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maher
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gerula
authors.forename: Muhamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saric
authors.forename: Edo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kaluski
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klapholz
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009515:New Jersey / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013599:Systole; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling