title: Epicardial left ventricular lead for cardiac resynchronization therapy.
abstract: Cardiac resynchronization therapy is now recognized as an effective and safe therapeutic modality in heart failure patients and leads to a reduction in mortality and morbidity. Today, transvenous implantation is considered to be the gold standard for lead placement. However, transvenous LV lead implantation fails in 2-10% of patients undergoing the implantation procedure. In these cases surgical LV lead implantation is preferred. The present article reviews LV pacing lead implantation strategies in cases where standard transvenous implantation failed.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Olomouc, Department of Cardiology, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Marián
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fedorco
authors.affiliation: České Budějovice Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bulava
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Olomouc, Department of Cardiosurgery, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Šantavý
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Olomouc, Department of Cardiology, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Miloš
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Táborský
mesh_terms: D058406:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000601:surgery*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D010496:Pericardium / Q000601:surgery*