title: Biopsychosocial health disparities among young women enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to compare the biopsychosocial characteristics of young women with those of older women who were enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation (CR). The baseline characteristics of women who prematurely terminated CR participation were also explored.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline physiological and psychosocial indices of women ≤ 55 years compared with older women eligible for CR were evaluated 1 week before enrolling in either a traditional CR or a gender-specific, motivationally enhanced CR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A greater proportion of young women (n = 65) compared with their older counterparts (n = 187) were diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction during their index hospitalization. They demonstrated lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, higher total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios, and greater body weight compared with older women and were more likely to be active smokers. Young women compared with older women reported significantly worse health perceptions, quality of life, optimism, hope, social support, and stress and significantly more symptoms of depression and anxiety. Women who prematurely terminated CR participation were younger, more obese, with worse quality of life, and greater symptoms of depression and anxiety compared with women completing CR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Notable differences in physiological and psychosocial profiles of young women compared with older women enrolled in CR were evident, placing them at high risk for nonadherence to secondary prevention interventions as well as increased risk for disease progression and subsequent cardiac adverse events. Continued existence of these health differentials represents an important public health problem and warrants further research to address these age-related and sex-specific health disparities among women with coronary heart disease.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida (Drs Beckie, Groer, Kip, and Ji); and Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida (Dr Fletcher).
authors.forename: Theresa M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Beckie
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: Maureen W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Groer
authors.forename: Kevin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Kip
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ji
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000072038:Cardiac Rehabilitation; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011584:Psychology; D014930:Women / Q000523:psychology*; D016387:Women's Health; D055815:Young Adult