title: Photothermal effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the viability of BT-474 cancer cells.
abstract: Functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) were conjugated to an antibody of BT-474 cancer cells (f-MWCNTs-ab), and the photothermal effect of the f-MWCNTs-ab for BT-474 cancer cell destruction was demonstrated. After near-infrared irradiation, the f-MWCNTs-ab were more capable of killing cancer cells and possessed higher cell specificity than f-MWCNTs. Quantitative results showed that the viability of the cancer cells was affected by the concentration of the f-MWCNTs-ab solution, irradiation time, and settling time after irradiation. The membrane impermeable fluorescence dye ethidium bromide was used to detect cell viability after near-infrared irradiation, and the results agreed with those obtained from the Alamar Blue cell viability assay. The EtBr fluorescence results suggest that the cell membrane, attached to f-MWCNTs-ab, was damaged after irradiation, which led to cell death and necrosis. Using confocal microscopy, a few f-MWCNTs-ab were detected in the cell, indicating the endocytosis effect. The results not only explain the improved efficiency of thermotherapy but also indicate that necrosis may result from protein denaturation attributing to the heated f-MWCNTs-ab in the cell.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2 Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsin-chu 30013, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hung-Tao
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2 Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsin-chu 30013, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsung-Pao
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2 Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsin-chu 30013, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chi-Young
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2 Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsin-chu 30013, Taiwan. Electronic address: nhtai@mx.nthu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Nyan-Hwa
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2 Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsin-chu 30013, Taiwan. Electronic address: hychang@mx.nthu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Hwan-You
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007259:Infrared Rays; D007834:Lasers; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D055668:Photochemical Processes
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon