title: Anabolic responses to acute and chronic resistance exercise are enhanced when combined with aquatic treadmill exercise.
abstract: Aquatic treadmill (ATM) running may simultaneously promote aerobic fitness and enhance muscle growth when combined with resistance training (RT) compared with land-treadmill (LTM) running. Therefore, we examined acute and chronic physiological responses to RT, concurrent RT-LTM, and concurrent RT-ATM. Forty-seven untrained volunteers (men: n = 23, 37 ± 11 yr, 29.6 ± 4.6 kg/m(2); women: n = 24, 38 ± 12 yr, 27.53 ± 6.4 kg/m(2)) from the general population were tested for V̇o2max, body composition, and strength before and after training. All groups performed 12 wk of RT (2 wk, 3 × 8-12 sets at 60 to approximately 80% 1-repetition maximum). The RT-LTM and RT-ATM groups also performed 12 wk of LTM or ATM training (2 wk immediately post-RT and 1 wk in isolation, 60-85% V̇o2max, 250-500 kcal/session). Additionally, 25 subjects volunteered for muscle biopsy prior to and 24 h post-acute exercise before and after training. Stable isotope labeling (70% (2)H2O, 3 ml/kg) was utilized to quantify 24 h post-exercise myofibrillar fractional synthesis rates (myoFSR). Mixed-model ANOVA revealed that RT-ATM but not RT-LTM training produced greater chronic increases in lean mass than RT alone (P < 0.05). RT-LTM training was found to elicit the greatest decreases in percent body fat (-2.79%, P < 0.05). In the untrained state, acute RT-ATM exercise elicited higher 24-h myoFSRs compared with RT (+5.68%/day, P < 0.01) and RT-LTM (+4.08%/day, P < 0.05). Concurrent RT-ATM exercise and training elicit greater skeletal muscle anabolism than RT alone or RT-LTM.
authors.affiliation: Applied Exercise Science Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas; brlamber@utmb.edu.
authors.forename: Brad S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.affiliation: Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas;
authors.forename: Kevin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Shimkus
authors.affiliation: Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas;
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Fluckey
authors.affiliation: Human Countermeasures Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas; and.
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Riechman
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas.
authors.forename: Nicholas P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.affiliation: Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas;
authors.forename: Jessica M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cardin
authors.affiliation: Applied Exercise Science Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas;
authors.forename: Stephen F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Crouse
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D041961:Deuterium Exchange Measurement; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008176:Lung Volume Measurements; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water
keywords: aquatic exercise; aquatic treadmill; concurrent training; protein metabolism; skeletal muscle