title: Single dose propranolol does not affect physiologic or emotional reactivity to smoking cues.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Smoking cue exposure reactivates salient smoking-related memories, triggering craving to smoke, a phenomenon associated with maintenance of smoking behavior and relapse after periods of abstinence. Acute β-adrenergic blockade with propranolol reduces physiologic reactivity during subsequent recollection of traumatic events by inhibiting reconsolidation of reactivated memories in a process called memory reconsolidation blockade.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to determine whether a single dose of propranolol prior to retrieval of smoking-related memories reduces subsequent physiologic reactivity to personally salient smoking imagery scripts in current smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four overnight-abstinent, adult smokers received a single-dose propranolol or placebo prior to reactivation of smoking-related memories in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and resumed smoking afterward. One week later, skin conductance (SC), heart rate (HR), left corrugator electromyogram (EMG), self-reported emotional state, and craving were assessed following script-driven imagery with neutral and personalized smoking-related scripts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Smoking scripts were associated with increased physiologic activation (SC, HR, EMG), craving, and negative emotional state compared with neutral scripts. Propranolol did not moderate the effect of script type on any outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Personalized smoking script-driven imagery robustly increased physiologic activation, negative emotional state, and craving, and a single dose of propranolol prior to memory reactivation did not moderate this effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Gladys N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Pachas
authors.forename: Jodi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gilman
authors.forename: Scott P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Orr
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hoeppner
authors.forename: Sara V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Carlini
authors.forename: Elisabeth B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Grasser
authors.forename: Tsafrir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Loebl
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nino
authors.forename: Roger K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Pitman
authors.forename: A Eden
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Evins
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D066249:Craving / Q000187:drug effects; D003463:Cues; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004644:Emotions / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response / Q000187:drug effects; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D011433:Propranolol