title: Tooth loss and atherosclerosis: the Nagahama Study.
abstract: Several epidemiologic studies have suggested that oral disease is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, whether a clinically significant association exists between the 2 disorders remains controversial. Here, we investigated the association between tooth loss, as an indicator of oral disease, and arterial stiffness, as a marker of atherosclerosis, in Japanese adults. Cross-sectional data were collected for 8,124 persons aged 30 to 75 y with no history of tooth loss for noninflammatory reasons, such as orthodontic treatment, malposition, and trauma. Participants received a comprehensive dental examination and extensive in-person measurements of CVD risk factors, and arterial stiffness was evaluated using the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). We examined the association between CAVI and tooth loss using general linear models with adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, hemoglobin A1c, and a history of insulin or hypoglycemic medication depending on the model. In addition, we performed an analysis that included interaction terms of the centered variables tooth loss, sex, and age. The results of the multiple regression analysis that included the interaction terms detected that the relationship between CAVI and tooth loss was dependent on sex, with only men showing a positive correlation (β for interaction = 0.04; 95% confidence interval, 0.02-0.06). The findings from this study suggest that a linear relationship exists between tooth loss and degree of arterial stiffness and that the association differed depending on sex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asai
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan yamori@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamori
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: EBM Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sekine
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Ethics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kosugi
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Informatics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bessho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003190:Comprehensive Dental Care; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D016388:Tooth Loss / Q000453:epidemiology*; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin
keywords: arterial stiffness; cardiovascular diseases; cross-sectional analysis; epidemiology; inflammation; periodontal disease