title: Biological parameters influencing the human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells' response to retinoic acid.
abstract: Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs) are multipotent fetal stem cells that differentiate into various cell lineages. In recent years, they have gained attention for therapeutic applications but very little is known about their sensitivity to chemical agents such as widely used retinoic acid (RA). As a morphogen inducing differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, RA has for a long time been known to be a potent teratogen promoting craniofacial and limb abnormality in vertebrate embryos. Here, using MTT assay and EB/AO staining as well as TUNEL assay we show that RA in a concentration-dependent manner induces apoptosis through upregulating Caspase expression and increasing Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Moreover, different biological parameters such as initial time seeding, cell density, passage number and duration of RA treatment play a major role in HUCMSCs cytotoxic response to this agent.
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Kharazmi, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Farnoosh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saraee
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sagha
authors.forename: Homa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mohseni Kouchesfehani
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdanipour
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maleki
authors.forename: Mahin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nikougoftar
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D020169:Caspases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002452:Cell Count; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000633:toxicity*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; C494826:BAX protein, human; C000595707:BCL2 protein, human; D003603:Cytotoxins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D014212:Tretinoin; D020169:Caspases
keywords: apoptosis; cytotoxicity; human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells; retinoic acid