title: Soluble and insoluble dietary fibre intake and risk factors for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in middle-aged adults: the AWHS cohort.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Westernization of the Mediterranean lifestyle has led to a modification of certain dietary habits such as a decrease in the consumption of dietary fibre-rich foods. The impact of these changes on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has been studied over the last few years and the effect of the different sources of fibre on cardiovascular risk parameters and coronary heart disease (CHD) continues to create controversy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association between the source of dietary fibre and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and other cardiovascular risk factors in a Spanish working population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out in a sample of 1592 Spanish workers free of CVD (40-55 years old) within the Aragon Workers' Health Study (AWHS) cohort. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical and biochemical data were collected. Fibre intake was assessed by means of a validated 136-items semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. MetS was defined by using the modified National Cholesterol Education Programme - Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP- ATP III) definition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for possible confounding factors, we found an inverse association between insoluble fibre intake and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B100 and ratio TG/HDL. Soluble fibre was inversely associated with triglycerides and apolipoprotein B100. Furthermore, prevalence of MetS was found to be lower (OR 0.62, 95% CI: 0.40-0.96) in those participants in the highest quartile of insoluble fibre intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A higher intake of insoluble fibre could play an important role in the control and management of hypertension, lipid profile and MetS.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (I+CS), Zaragoza, Spain. Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.. bmorenof.iacs@aragon.es.
authors.forename: Belén
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moreno Franco
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (I+CS), Zaragoza, Spain.. mleon@unizar.es.
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: León Latre
authors.affiliation: CIBER-ESP, Madrid, Spain.. e.andres@live.com.
authors.forename: Eva María
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Andrés Esteban
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Atherothrombosis and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain. Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, USA.. jordov01@tufts.edu.
authors.forename: José María
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ordovás
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (I+CS), Zaragoza, Spain. Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.. jacasas@unizar.es.
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Casasnovas
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Atherothrombosis and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.. jlpenalvo@cnic.es.
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Peñalvo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology