title: Modeling anaplastic thyroid carcinoma in the mouse.
abstract: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is the least common form of thyroid cancer; however, it accounts for the majority of deaths associated with this family of malignancies. A number of genetically engineered immunocompetent mouse models recapitulating the genetic and histological features of anaplastic thyroid cancer have been very recently generated and represent an invaluable tool to dissect the mechanisms involved in the progression from indolent, well-differentiated tumors to aggressive, undifferentiated carcinomas and to identify novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we focus on the relevant characteristics associated with these models and on what we have learned in terms of anaplastic thyroid cancer biology, genetics, and response to targeted therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Room 302, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
authors.forename: Devora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Champa
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Cristofano
mesh_terms: D000708:Anaplasia; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000072079:Patched Receptors; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000072079:Patched Receptors; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)