title: Early-stage imaging of nanocarrier-enhanced chemotherapy response in living subjects by scalable photoacoustic microscopy.
abstract: Conventional evaluation methods of chemotherapeutic efficacy such as tissue biopsy and anatomical measurement are either invasive with potential complications or dilatory to capture the rapid pathological changes. Here, a sensitive and resolution-scalable photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) with theranostic nanoformulation was developed to noninvasively monitor the therapy response in a timely manner. Ultrasmall graphene oxide nanosheets were designed as both drug-loading vehicle and photoacoustic signal amplifier to the tumor. With the signal enhancement by the injected contrast agents, the subtle microvascular changes of the chemotherapy response in tumor were advantagely revealed by our PAM system, which was much earlier than the morphological measurement by standard imaging techniques. High tumor uptake of the enhanced nanodrug with Cy5.5 labeling was validated by fluorescence imaging. At different observation scales, PAM offered unprecedented sensitivity of optical absorption and high spatial resolution over optical imaging. Our studies demonstrate the PAM system with synergistic theranostic strategy to be a multiplexing platform for tumor diagnosis, drug delivery, and chemotherapy response monitoring at a very early stage and in an effective way.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Weitao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xuefeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yuxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Shouju
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiaofen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Xiaoyuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002232:Carbocyanines / Q000737:chemistry; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008853:Microscopy; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D061848:Optical Imaging; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D061088:Photoacoustic Techniques; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D047368:Tumor Burden / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C098793:CY5.5 cyanine dye; D002232:Carbocyanines; D004337:Drug Carriers; D010087:Oxides; D006108:Graphite; D004317:Doxorubicin
keywords: chemotherapy response; early prediction; graphene oxide; nanocarrier; photoacoustic microscopy; scalable imaging; signal amplification