title: Sociodemographic, neuropsychiatric and cognitive characteristics of pathological gambling and impulse control disorders NOS in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Despite of previous evidence supporting the association between impulse control disorder (ICD) and several demographic, clinical and therapeutic features in Parkinson's disease (PD), the relationships between pathological gambling (PG) or other variants of ICD (ICD-NOS) and specific neuropsychiatric or cognitive domains are not entirely defined. In this study, 155 PD patients without dementia or cognitive impairment underwent: i. the ICD diagnoses, using the Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders, ii. the mood and anxiety disorders diagnoses, according to the DSM-IV-TR criteria, and iii. a comprehensive battery for measuring severity of psychopathology and neuropsychology domains. Patients were divided in those with pathological gambling (PG), ICDs not otherwise specified (ICD-NOS), or the lack of ICD (No-ICD). There was a progression in age and age at onset from the younger PG subjects throughout ICD-NOS to No-ICD. PG and ICD-NOS subjects had longer disease duration and were taking significantly higher dosages of antiparkinsonian drugs than No-ICD ones. PG subjects had significantly higher severity of depressive and anxious symptoms with respect to the other 2 groups. Both PG and ICD-NOS subjects suffer from increased severity of psychotic symptoms than No-ICD ones. The 3 groups did not differ in any cognitive measure. Our results support the concept that the different sociodemographic and neuropsychiatric profiles of PD patients are associated with different ICDs. Moreover, we clearly demonstrate the lack of relationship between ICD and cognitive performances in undemented PD patients.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Salute Mentale e Organi di Senso, "Sapienza" Università׳ di Roma, Via di Grottarossa, Roma 1035-00189, Italy; Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Via Ardeatina, Roma 306-00179, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Pontieri
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Via Ardeatina, Roma 306-00179, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Assogna
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Salute Mentale e Organi di Senso, "Sapienza" Università׳ di Roma, Via di Grottarossa, Roma 1035-00189, Italy; Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Via Ardeatina, Roma 306-00179, Italy.
authors.forename: Clelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pellicano
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Via Ardeatina, Roma 306-00179, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cacciari
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Via Ardeatina, Roma 306-00179, Italy.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pannunzi
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Via Ardeatina, Roma 306-00179, Italy.
authors.forename: Annalucia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morrone
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Salute Mentale e Organi di Senso, "Sapienza" Università׳ di Roma, Via di Grottarossa, Roma 1035-00189, Italy.
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Danese
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Via Ardeatina, Roma 306-00179, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caltagirone
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Via Ardeatina, Roma 306-00179, Italy. Electronic address: g.spalletta@hsantalucia.it.
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spalletta
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D003710:Demography; D007174:Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Affective disorders; Cognition; Impulse control disorder; Parkinson׳s disease; Pathological gambling; Psychosis