title: Molecular epidemiology of enterovirus B77 isolated from non polio acute flaccid paralytic patients in Pakistan during 2013.
abstract: Human enteroviruses are associated with various clinical syndromes and severe neurological disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular epidemiology of non polio enteroviruses and their correlation with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) patients living in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) and Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan. The stool samples collected from these patients were used for isolation of non polio enteroviruses (NPEVs). Out of 38 samples, 29 (76.3%) were successfully typed by microneutralization assay into eleven serotypes including echovirus (E)-3 (5.3%), E-7 (2.6%), E-11 (13.2%), E-12 (7.9%), E-13 (10.5%), E-20 (7.9%), E-27 (5.3%), E-29 (10.5%), E-30 (7.9%), E-33 (2.6%), coxsackievirus (CV) B5 (2.6%) and nine isolates (23.7%) remained untyped which were confirmed as NPEVs by real time RT-PCR. Complete VP1 genetic sequencing data characterized untypeable isolates into enterovirus B77 (EV-B77). Moreover, molecular phylogenetic analysis classified these viruses into two new genotypes having high genetic diversity (at least 17.7%) with prototype. This study provides valuable information on extensive genetic diversity of EV-B77 genotypes. Although, its association with neurological disorder has not yet been known but isolation of nine EV-B77 viruses from AFP cases highlights the fact that they may have a contributing role in the etiology of AFP. In addition, it is needed to establish enterovirus surveillance system and laboratory diagnostic facilities for early detection of NPEVs that may cause poliomyelitis like paralysis especially in the situation when we are at the verge of polio eradication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan. Electronic address: meharangez@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mehar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Angez
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan. Electronic address: vibgyors@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Shahzad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shaukat
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan. Electronic address: drzahra.qau@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rabaab
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zahra
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan. Electronic address: kadnan12@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khurshid
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan. Electronic address: salmaansharif@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Salmaan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharif
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan. Electronic address: ursmasroor@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Muhammad Masroor
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan. Electronic address: sohailz@live.com.
authors.forename: Syed Sohail Zahoor
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Zaidi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009123:Muscle Hypotonia / Q000821:virology; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D010243:Paralysis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: Acute flaccid paralysis; EV-B77; Non polio enterovirus; Pakistan; Viral protein 1