title: An essential role for Ewing sarcoma gene (EWS) in early white adipogenesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  White adipose tissue is important for mammalian energy homeostasis and metabolism. It was previously demonstrated that Ewing sarcoma gene (EWS) is essential for early classical brown fat lineage determination, but its role in white adipocyte differentiation is not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking Ews and shRNA-mediated silencing of Ews in 3T3L1 preadipocytes were used to investigate the role of EWS in adipogenesis. White fat differentiation was determined by analyzing the expression of key adipogenic genes and by Oil red O staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following adipogenic stimulation, Ews expression arose rapidly in 3T3L1 cells during early induction period. Ews-null MEFs and 3T3L1 cells with reduced Ews expression failed to undergo adipogenesis. This was accompanied by significant reduction in the expression of critical early adipogenic regulators, Bmp2, Bmp4 (bone morphogenic protein 2 and 4), Cebpβ, and Cebpδ (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β and δ). Complementation of recombinant BMP2 or BMP4 partially rescued adipogenesis in Ews-depleted 3T3L1 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that EWS is essential during the early steps of white adipocyte differentiation, at least in part through its regulation of BMP2 and BMP4 expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
authors.forename: Jun Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sean Bong
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D052436:Adipose Tissue, White / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000235:genetics; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 / Q000235:genetics; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D034802:RNA-Binding Protein EWS / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C525719:Bmp2 protein, mouse; C525810:Bmp4 protein, mouse; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D034802:RNA-Binding Protein EWS