title: Photographic facial soft tissue analysis of healthy Iranian young adults: anthropometric and angular measurements.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Soft tissue profile can be widely different in various populations. Furthermore, this profile can be also continues to change throughout life. However, there are few studies that quantitatively evaluate the soft tissue profile in Iranian population. In order to determine normal reference values of facial parts in our populations, we aimed to measure standards for facial soft tissue parameters in Iranian young population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study samples included 155 medical students at the Firouzgar hospital in winter 2011. The soft tissue facial profiles were digitally analyzed using linear measurements and angles made with standardized photographic records, taken in a natural head position, to determine the average soft tissue facial profile for males and females.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant difference between males and females in 21 of our 26 measurements. The most prominent differences between the genders were observed in the measurements taken from the face region. Minimum frontal breadth and supraorbital breadth were larger in males than in females. Except for middle face height measurement, other horizontal and vertical measurements for the face were larger in males than in females, indicating wider and higher faces in men than in women. Some measurements of facial angles are discrepant between the two genders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Due to the specific features of Iranian facial soft tissue values and also observable differences in facial measurements and angles between men and women, the Iranian standard values on facial measurements and angles should be given more attention, especially by plastic and cosmetic surgeons.
authors.affiliation: 1. MD, Associate Professor, Otolaryngologist, ENT Research Center, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. dramasghari@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alimohamad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asghari
authors.affiliation: 2. MD, Otolaryngologist resident, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. shahin.rajaieh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shahin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajaeih
authors.affiliation: 3. MD, Assistant Professor, Otolaryngologist, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. fatimahassannia@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hassannia
authors.affiliation: 4. MD, Assistant of Community Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. negahtavakolifard@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Negah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tavakolifard
authors.affiliation: 5. MD, Cardiologist. hamedfattahi62@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hamed
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fattahi Neisyani
authors.affiliation: 6. MD, Assistant Professor, Otolaryngologist, ENT Research Center, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran skkamrava@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Seyed Kamran
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kamrava
authors.affiliation: 7. MD, Assistant Professor, Otolaryngologist, ENT Research Center, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. dr.jalessi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jalessi
authors.affiliation: 8. MD, Assistant of Otolaryngologist, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. omidian.parisa@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Parisa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Omidian
keywords: Analysis; Anthropometry; Face; Iranian; Measurements