title: Prevalence and predictive factors for peri-implant disease and implant failure: a cross-sectional analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long-term studies worldwide indicate that peri-implant inflammation is a frequent finding and that the prevalence of peri-implantitis correlates with loading time. Implant loss, although less frequent, has serious oral health and economic consequences. An understanding of predictive factors for peri-implant disease and implant loss would help providers and patients make informed decisions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was performed on 96 patients with 225 implants that were placed between 1998 and 2003. Implant placement data were collected from patient records, and patients presented for a clinical and radiographic follow-up examination. Implant status and periodontal status were determined, the data were analyzed to determine the prevalence of peri-implant disease or implant loss, and a predictive model was tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean follow-up time for the patients was 10.9 years. The implant survival rate was 91.6%. Peri-implant mucositis was found in 33% of the implants and 48% of the patients, and peri-implantitis occurred in 16% of the implants and 26% of the patients. Individuals with peri-implantitis were twice as likely to report a problem with an implant as individuals with healthy implants. Peri-implantitis is associated with younger ages and diabetes at the time of placement and with periodontal status at the time of follow-up. Implant loss is associated with diabetes, immediate placement, and larger-diameter implants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One in four patients and one in six implants have peri-implantitis after 11 years. The data suggest that periodontal and diabetes status of the patient may be useful for predicting implant outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Diane M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Daubert
authors.forename: Bradley F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Weinstein
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bordin
authors.forename: Brian G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Leroux
authors.forename: Thomas F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Flemming
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014861:Washington / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: Dental implants; diabetes mellitus; follow-up studies; peri-implantitis; periodontitis; risk factors