title: Diabetic encephalopathy-related depression: experimental evidence that insulin and clonazepam restore antioxidant status in rat brain.
abstract: There is increasing evidence suggesting that oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of many chronic and degenerative conditions such as diabetic encephalopathy and depression. Considering that diabetic rats and mice present higher depressive-like behaviour when submitted to the forced swimming test and that treatment with insulin and/or clonazepam is able to reverse the behavioural changes of the diabetic rats, the present work investigated the antioxidant status, specifically total antioxidant reactivity and antioxidant potential of insulin and clonazepam, as well as the effect of this drugs upon protein oxidative damage and reactive species formation in cortex, hippocampus and striatum from diabetic rats submitted to forced swimming test. It was verified that longer immobility time in diabetic rats and insulin plus clonazepam treatment reversed this depressive-like behaviour. Moreover, data obtained in this study allowed to demonstrate through different parameters such as protein carbonyl content, 2'7'-dichlorofluorescein oxidation, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase assay, total radical-trapping antioxidant potential and total antioxidant reactivity that there is oxidative stress in cortex, hippocampus and striatum from diabetic rats under depressive-like behaviour and highlight the insulin and/or clonazepam effect in these different brain areas, restoring antioxidant status and protein damage.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Alberto Yasin
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Wayhs
authors.forename: Caroline Paula
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Mescka
authors.forename: Gilian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guerreiro
authors.forename: Tarsila Barros
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.forename: Carlos Eduardo Diaz
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Jacques
authors.forename: Andrea Pereira
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: Marcelo Kneib
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ferri
authors.forename: Maurício Schüler
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nin
authors.forename: Carlos Severo
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Dutra-Filho
authors.forename: Helena Maria Tannhauser
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.forename: Carmen Regla
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Vargas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002998:Clonazepam / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000975:Antioxidants; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002998:Clonazepam
keywords: GABA agonist; depression; diabetes; diabetic encephalopathy; forced swimming test