title: HDAC6 deacetylates alpha tubulin in sperm and modulates sperm motility in Holtzman rat.
abstract: Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is an alpha (α)-tubulin deacetylase and its over-expression has been demonstrated to promote chemotactic cell movement. Motility in sperm is driven by the flagella, the cytoskeletal structure comprising the microtubules, which are heterodimers of α- and β-tubulins. We have hypothesized that HDAC6, by virtue of being an α-tubulin deacetylase, might modulate sperm motility. However, the presence of HDAC6 on sperm has hitherto not been reported. In this study, we have demonstrated, for the first time, the presence of HDAC6 transcript and protein in the testicular and caudal sperm of rat. We have observed a significantly overlapping expression of HDAC6 with acetyl α-tubulin (Ac α-tubulin) in the mid-piece and principal piece of sperm flagella, and the co-precipitation of α-tubulin and Ac α-tubulin together with HDAC6 and vice versa in sperm lysates. This indicates that HDAC6 interacts with α-tubulin. The HDAC6 activity of sperm, sperm motility and status of Ac α-tubulin investigated in the presence of HDAC inhibitors Trichostatin A, Tubastatin A and sodium butyrate demonstrate that HDAC6 in sperm is catalytically active and that inhibitors of HDAC6 increase acetylation and restrict sperm motility. Thus, we show that (1) active HDAC6 enzyme is present in sperm, (2) HDAC6 in sperm is able to deacetylate α-tubulin, (3) inhibition of HDAC6 results in increased Ac α-tubulin expression and (4) HDAC6 inhibition affects sperm motility. This evidence suggests that HDAC6 is involved in modulating sperm movement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gamete Immunobiology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai, 400012, India.
authors.forename: Sweta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parab
authors.affiliation: Department of Gamete Immunobiology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai, 400012, India.
authors.forename: Omshree
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Shetty
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroendocrinology and Confocal Microscopy Lab, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai, 400012, India.
authors.forename: Reshma
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gaonkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroendocrinology and Confocal Microscopy Lab, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai, 400012, India.
authors.forename: Nafisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Balasinor
authors.affiliation: Department of Gamete Immunobiology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai, 400012, India.
authors.forename: Vrinda
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Khole
authors.affiliation: Department of Gamete Immunobiology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai, 400012, India. partep@nirrh.res.in.
authors.forename: Priyanka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parte
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D004822:Epididymis / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000073864:Histone Deacetylase 6; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D013737:Testis / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014404:Tubulin; C545556:HDAC6 protein, rat; D000073864:Histone Deacetylase 6; D006655:Histone Deacetylases