title: Effect of Sini San freeze-dried powder on sleep-waking cycle in insomnia rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of the Sini San at different doses on each sleeping state [slow-wave sleep 1 (SWS 1), slow-wave sleep 2 (SWS2), rapid-eye-movement (REM), wakefulness (W)] in insomnia rats and to identify its mode of action for improving sleep.
  
  
  METHODS
  The insomnia rats were randomly divided into a high-, medium- or low-dose group of Sini San (equal to crude drug 8.8, 4.4, or 2.2 g/kg, respectively) for seven consecutive days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with pre-administration, SWS2 was significantly increased after administration of the low dose. Compared with pre-administration, W was significantly decreased and SWS1, SWS2, and the total sleeping time (TST) were markedly increased after administration of the medium dose. Compared with pre-administration, W was significantly decreased and SWS1, SWS2, rapid-eye-movement sleep, and TST were significantly longer after administration of the high dose. The effects of Sini San on sleep-wake cycle are dose-dependent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that Sini San extends SWS1 and SWS2, which increases the total sleeping time.
authors.forename: Xingke
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Zeguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Fuju
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yuefeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Tiantian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Chongbing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Anguo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000187:drug effects; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal