title: Roller-massager application to the quadriceps and knee-joint range of motion and neuromuscular efficiency during a lunge.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Roller massagers are used as a recovery and rehabilitative tool to initiate muscle relaxation and improve range of motion (ROM) and muscular performance. However, research demonstrating such effects is lacking.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of applying a roller massager for 20 and 60 seconds on knee-joint ROM and dynamic muscular performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  University laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten recreationally active men (age = 26.6 ± 5.2 years, height = 175.3 ± 4.3 cm, mass = 84.4 ± 8.8 kg).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants performed 3 randomized experimental conditions separated by 24 to 48 hours. In condition 1 (5 repetitions of 20 seconds) and condition 2 (5 repetitions of 60 seconds), they applied a roller massager to the quadriceps muscles. Condition 3 served as a control condition in which participants sat quietly.
  
  
  METHODS
  Visual analog pain scale, electromyography (EMG) of the vastus lateralis (VL) and biceps femoris during roller massage and lunge, and knee-joint ROM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found no differences in pain between the 20-second and 60-second roller-massager conditions. During 60 seconds of roller massage, pain was 13.5% (5.7 ± 0.70) and 20.6% (6.2 ± 0.70) greater at 40 seconds and 60 seconds, respectively, than at 20 seconds (P < .05). During roller massage, VL and biceps femoris root mean square (RMS) EMG was 8% and 7%, respectively, of RMS EMG recorded during maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Knee-joint ROM was 10% and 16% greater in the 20-second and 60-second roller-massager conditions, respectively, than the control condition (P < .05). Finally, average lunge VL RMS EMG decreased as roller-massage time increased (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Roller massage was painful and induced muscle activity, but it increased knee-joint ROM and neuromuscular efficiency during a lunge.
authors.affiliation: School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bradbury-Squires
authors.forename: Jennifer C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Noftall
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Behm
authors.forename: Kevin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Power
authors.forename: Duane C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Button
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008405:Massage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D052097:Quadriceps Muscle / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D013848:Thigh / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: electromyography; flexibility; muscle activation; pain; stretch