title: Primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction: is it really related to paranasal abnormalities?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether there is an association between primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction and paranasal computed tomography (CT) findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study cohort consisted of paranasal CT images from 40 patients being treated for unilateral primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) and the reformatted coronal temporal CT images of 71 control subjects who attended the ENT clinic with the complaint of vertigo and tinnitus. A radiologist masked to the clinical situation of participants, investigated the paranasal CT findings of the PANDO and control patients retrospectively. The side, localization, and angle of the septal deviation as well as the thickness and lateralization angle of the inferior turbinate's were recorded. Additionally maxillary and ethmoid sinusitis, concha bullosa, Agger nasi cell formation, and osteomeatal complex status were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference was found between the paranasal abnormality incidence in the PANDO and non-PANDO sides of the patients or the control group. Only the side of the septal deviation correlated with the side of the PANDO (p = 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of PANDO may not be directly related to paranasal abnormalities. Further large-scale studies should be performed to clarify the relationship between paranasal abnormalities and PANDO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ear Nose Throat, Faculty of Medicine, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hasmet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yazici
authors.forename: Erdogan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bulbul
authors.forename: Alper
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yazici
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaymakci
authors.forename: Nesime
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tiskaoglu
authors.forename: Bahar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yanik
authors.forename: Samet
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ermis
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007767:Lacrimal Duct Obstruction / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009667:Nose Deformities, Acquired / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D010254:Paranasal Sinus Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed