title: Flame synthesis of carbon nano onions using liquefied petroleum gas without catalyst.
abstract: Densely agglomerated, high specific surface area carbon nano onions with diameter of 30-40 nm have been synthesized. Liquefied petroleum gas and air mixtures produced carbon nano onions in diffusion flames without catalyst. The optimized oxidant to fuel ratio which produces carbon nano onions has been found to be 0.1 slpm/slpm. The experiment yielded 70% pure carbon nano onions with a rate of 5 g/h. X-ray diffraction, high-resolution electron microscopy and Raman spectrum reveal the densely packed sp(2) hybridized carbon with (002) semi-crystalline hexagonal graphite reflection. The carbon nano onions are thermally stable up to 600 °C.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Knowledge Management of Nanoscience and Technology, 12-5-32/8, Vijayapuri Colony, Tarnaka, Secunderabad-500 017, A.P, India. Electronic address: vivekdhand2012@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dhand
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environment, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500 085, India.
authors.forename: J Sarada
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environment, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500 085, India.
authors.forename: M Venkateswara
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, CVR College of Engineering and Osmania University, Hyderabad 501510, A.P, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bharadwaj
authors.affiliation: TLGVRC, Jackson State University, JSU Box 18739, Jackson, MS 39217-0939, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Anjaneyulu
authors.affiliation: International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), Balapur PO, Hyderabad 500005, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Pawan Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Jain
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D004058:Diffusion; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010316:Particle Size; D010578:Petroleum / Q000032:analysis*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013696:Temperature; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D010578:Petroleum; D002244:Carbon