title: Synergistic sonoelectrochemical removal of substituted phenols: implications of ultrasonic parameters and physicochemical properties.
abstract: The effects of ultrasonic conditions and physicochemical properties on the synergistic degradation in synthetic solution were investigated. A wide range of ultrasound frequencies, including 35, 170, 300, 500 and 700 kHz, and ultrasonic power densities, including 11.3, 22.5 and 31.5 W/L were used. It was revealed that the physical effect of ultrasound plays a major role in synergistic mechanism and 35 kHz was found to be the most effective frequency due to its more vigorous physical effect induced by high implosive energy released from collapse of cavitation bubbles. The highest ultrasonic power density (31.5 W/L) showed the highest synergy index as it increases the number of cavitation bubbles and the energy released when they collapse. The synergy indexes of various substituted phenols under identical condition were investigated. These results were correlated with physicochemical properties, namely octanol-water partition coefficient (Log K OW), water solubility (SW), Henry's law constant (KH) and water diffusivity (DW). Among these parameters, Log K OW and DW were found to have substantial effects on synergy indexes.
authors.affiliation: School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyungho
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eunju
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Binota
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thokchom
authors.affiliation: School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mingcan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hyeong@korea.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jeehyeong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Khim
keywords: Frequency; Physicochemical properties; Power density; Sonoelectrochemical treatment; Synergistic effect