title: Putting evidence into practice: an update of evidence-based interventions for cancer-related fatigue during and following treatment.
abstract: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) has deleterious effects on physical, social, cognitive, and vocational functioning, and causes emotional and spiritual distress for patients and their families; however, it remains under-recognized and undertreated. This article critically reviews and integrates the available empirical evidence supporting the efficacy of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment approaches to CRF, highlighting new evidence since 2007 and 2009 Putting Evidence Into Practice publications. Interventions that are recommended for practice or likely to be effective in improving fatigue outcomes include exercise; screening for treatable risk factors; management of concurrent symptoms; yoga; structured rehabilitation; Wisconsin ginseng; cognitive-behavioral therapies for insomnia, pain, and depression; mindfulness-based stress reduction; and psychoeducational interventions such as anticipatory guidance, psychosocial support, and energy conservation and activity management. This information can be applied to improve the management of CRF, inform health policy and program development, shape the design of clinical trials of new therapies for CRF, and drive basic and translational research.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Center, Bethesda, MD.
authors.forename: Sandra A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing.
authors.forename: Amy J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.affiliation: Georgia Center for Oncology Research and Education in Atlanta.
authors.forename: Jane C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
authors.forename: Regina M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: DeGennaro
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Maine, Orono.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Poirier
authors.affiliation: UnityPoint Health Trinity, Moline, IL.
authors.forename: Carolene B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, University of Kansas Hospital, Kansas City.
authors.forename: Breanna L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Weisbrod
mesh_terms: D055318:Evidence-Based Nursing; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: cancer; cancer-related fatigue; evidence-based practice; management; nursing