title: Changes in refractive error in patients with accommodative esotropia after being weaned from hyperopic correction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine the long-term changes in refractive error and ocular alignment in patients with accommodative esotropia (AET) who were able to discontinue wearing hyperopic glasses because of emmetropisation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-seven patients with refractive AET who achieved emmetropisation and orthotropia without hyperopic glasses and were followed up for at least 3 years were enrolled. All of the patients had been prescribed the weakest possible glasses for best corrected vision. Refractive error and ocular alignment were analysed after the cessation of hyperopic glasses use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean length of follow-up was 5.7±3.21 years after successful weaning from hyperoptic glasses. The mean spherical equivalent (SE) of the refractive error was -1.01±1.53 dioptres (D), and the mean esotropia (ET) was 1.0±8.70 Δ at the final visit. Myopia developed in 55.3% of all patients. The mean myopic progression rate per year was -0.19±0.23 D/year. Forty-one patients (87.2%) showed orthotropia; in addition, three of the patients (6.4%) developed ET, and three (6.4%) developed exotropia (XT). The six patients who had ET or XT all showed myopia. Two of the three patients who developed ET underwent surgery. Both patients initially had a low degree of hyperopia and a high ratio of accommodative convergence to accommodation (AC/A). The initial hyperopia correlated with the SE refractive error at the final follow-up (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When emmetropisation occurs early in patients with AET, it is necessary to note the development of myopia and the deterioration of ocular alignment.
authors.affiliation: Nune Eye Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea Strabismus Center of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yoonae A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Won Yeol
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5135-718X
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Ryu
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003867:Depth Perception / Q000502:physiology; D058453:Emmetropia / Q000502:physiology*; D004948:Esotropia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005139:Eyeglasses; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Treatment Medical