title: Beginning to understand high-density lipoproteins.
abstract: This article reconciles the classic view of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) associated with low risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) with recent data (genetics studies and randomized clinical trials) casting doubt over the widely accepted beneficial role of HDL regarding CVD risk. Although HDL cholesterol has been used as a surrogate measure to investigate HDL function, the cholesterol content in HDL particles is not an indicator of the atheroprotective properties of HDL. Thus, more precise measures of HDL metabolism are needed to reflect and account for the beneficial effects of HDL particles. Current and emerging therapies targeting HDL are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Carlos G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Santos-Gallego
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Juan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Badimon
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA. Electronic address: robert.rosenson@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Rosenson
mesh_terms: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D015415:Biomarkers; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL
keywords: Apolipoprotein A-I; Atherosclerosis; Cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor; Fibrates; High-density lipoprotein; High-density lipoprotein particles; Niacin; Reverse cholesterol transport