title: Minimum exposure limits and measured relationships between the vitamin D, erythema and international commission on non-ionizing radiation protection solar ultraviolet.
abstract: The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) has established guidelines for exposure to ultraviolet radiation in outdoor occupational settings. Spectrally weighted ICNIRP ultraviolet exposures received by the skin or eye in an 8 h period are limited to 30 J m(-2). In this study, the time required to reach the ICNIRP exposure limit was measured daily in 10 min intervals upon a horizontal plane at a subtropical Australian latitude over a full year and compared with the effective Vitamin D dose received to one-quarter of the available skin surface area for all six Fitzpatrick skin types. The comparison of measured solar ultraviolet exposures for the full range of sky conditions in the 2009 measurement period, including a major September continental dust event, show a clear relationship between the weighted ICNIRP and the effective vitamin D dose. Our results show that the horizontal plane ICNIRP ultraviolet exposure may be used under these conditions to provide minimum guidelines for the healthy moderation of vitamin D, scalable to each of the six Fitzpatrick skin types.
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Applied Climate Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld, Australia; Centre for Health Sciences Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld, Australia; Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld, Australia.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Downs
authors.forename: Alfio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parisi
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wainwright
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood*; D004890:Erythema / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D005843:Geography; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry; D012307:Risk Factors; D012621:Seasons; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012880:Skin Pigmentation; D013471:Sunburn / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D013472:Sunlight / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D002112:Calcifediol