title: Multifunctional enveloped nanodevices (MENDs).
abstract: It is anticipated that nucleic acid medicines will be in widespread use in the future, since they have the potential to cure diseases based on molecular mechanisms at the level of gene expression. However, intelligent delivery systems are required to achieve nucleic acid therapy, since they can perform their function only when they reach the intracellular site of action. We have been developing a multifunctional envelope-type nanodevice abbreviated as MEND, which consists of functional nucleic acids as a core and lipid envelope, and can control not only biodistribution but also the intracellular trafficking of nucleic acids. In this chapter, we review the development and evolution of the MEND by providing several successful examples, including the R8-MEND, the KALA-MEND, the MITO-Porter, the YSK-MEND, and the PALM.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo City, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo City, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo City, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuma
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo City, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akita
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo City, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Harashima
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D008081:Liposomes; D008561:Membrane Fusion; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D053758:Nanoparticles; D009696:Nucleic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000737:chemistry; D020135:Peptide Nucleic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C105114:KALA amphipathic peptide; D008055:Lipids; D008081:Liposomes; D009696:Nucleic Acids; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D009842:Oligopeptides; D020135:Peptide Nucleic Acids; D010455:Peptides; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C448619:octaarginine
keywords: A multifunctional envelope-type nanodevice (MEND); Intracellular trafficking; KALA; MITO-Poter; Mitochondrial targeting; Nuclear targeting; Octaarginine (R8); Proton-activated lipid-like material (PALM); YSK; pH-sensitive cationic lipid