title: Preventive effect of American ginseng against premature ovarian failure in a rat model.
abstract: Preclinical Research Premature ovarian failure (POF) is defined by the WHO as the loss of physiological ovarian function before the age of 40. The effect of American ginseng and its underlying mechanisms in preventing and treating premature ovarian failure (POF) was studied in female Sprague-Dawley rats where POF was induced by ip administration of 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD). Rat behavior, serum hormone levels, ovarian and uterine size, pathological features, and ovarian tissue expression of genes associated with POF were assessed in controls, untreated POF model rats, and POF model rats treated with low- (1.125 g/kg), medium- (2.25 g/kg), and high-dose (4.5 g/kg) American ginseng. Compared with untreated POF model rats, those treated with medium- and high-dose American ginseng had more stable behavior and better coat appearance as well as serum hormone levels closer to those in control rats. Moreover, treatment with medium- or high-dose American ginseng increased ovarian and uterine size. Hematoxylin and eosin-staining revealed mature follicles and endometrium with an alternating concave/convex surface structure with visible capillaries and glands in ginseng- treated POF rats. PLA2G4A expression was positively correlated with POF, while the expression levels of PAPPA, STC2, CCL2, and NELL1 were negatively correlated with POF. Our study showed that American ginseng may effectively prevent POF and alleviate POF symptoms by regulating serum hormone levels and altering the expression levels of genes related to POF in ovarian tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia (Harbin Medical University), Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150086, China.
authors.forename: Pengling
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Nannan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Yanhai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Dongwei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Haixue
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuang
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053138:Cyclohexenes / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016649:Primary Ovarian Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014753:Vinyl Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D053138:Cyclohexenes; D006728:Hormones; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014753:Vinyl Compounds; C012606:4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene dioxide
keywords: American ginseng; premature ovarian failure