title: Smoking and attitudes towards it and its cessation among dental students in Latvia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of smoking is higher in Latvia than in most EU countries. This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge of dental students in Latvia about the effects of smoking on oral health and their attitudes toward smoking and its cessation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey among all the dental students in Latvia was conducted in 2011. Students at the Riga Stradins University were asked to participate in this anonymous, voluntary survey. The questionnaire included items concerned with the students' own smoking habits, their knowledge of smoking as an addiction and its health effects and their attitudes towards its prevention and cessation in a dental setting. The response rate was 87% (173/200). The Chi-square test and logistic regression were used for the statistical analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  About one quarter of the students (24%) were daily or occasional smokers and almost half of the male students (46%) had smoked at least 100-times in their lifetime. The students revealed a lack of knowledge about the addictive nature of smoking, in that about half of the students did not consider smoking physically or socially addictive. About one fifth (21.4%) didn't consider environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) harmful to one's health. Although the students' awareness of smoking improved during their studies, the most significant factor related to their knowledge was their own smoking history (OR=2.7; p=0.021).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking was frequent among undergraduate dental students and they lacked knowledge of its addictiveness. More emphasis ought to be placed on education with regard to smoking and on cessation services.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland.
authors.forename: Jorma I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Virtanen
authors.forename: Maarit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Filppula
authors.forename: Ilze
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Maldupa
authors.forename: Kristiina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Patja
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001294:Attitude to Health; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004497:Education, Dental; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007844:Latvia; D008297:Male; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D013335:Students, Dental / Q000523:psychology*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D064424:Tobacco Use / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
keywords: attitude of health personnel; dental students; knowledge; smoking; tobacco use