title: Pentraxin 3 is reduced in bipolar disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Immunologic abnormalities have been found in bipolar disorder but pentraxin 3, a marker of innate immunity, has not been studied in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Levels of pentraxin 3 were measured in individuals with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and non-psychiatric controls. Linear regression models were used to compare the pentraxin 3 levels in each of the psychiatric groups to that in the control group, adjusting for demographic and clinical variables. Logistic regression models were used to calculate the odds ratios associated with levels of pentraxin 3 which differed from specified levels of the control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample consisted of 831 individuals: 256 with bipolar disorder, 309 with schizophrenia, and 266 without a psychiatric disorder. The levels of pentraxin 3 in the bipolar disorder, but not in the schizophrenia, group were significantly lower than those of controls, adjusting for age, gender, race, maternal education, smoking status, and body mass index (t = -3.78, p < 0.001). The individuals with bipolar disorder also had significantly increased odds of having low levels of pentraxin 3 relative to both the 10th and 25th percentile level of the controls and significantly decreased odds of having a level greater than the 75th and the 90th percentile level of the controls, adjusting for the same covariates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individuals with bipolar disorder have low levels of pentraxin 3 which may reflect impaired innate immunity. An increased understanding of the role of innate immunity in the etiopathogenesis of bipolar disorder might lead to new modalities for the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder.
authors.affiliation: Stanley Research Program, Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Faith
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dickerson
authors.affiliation: Stanley Research Program, Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Cassie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stallings
authors.affiliation: Stanley Research Program, Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Origoni
authors.affiliation: Stanley Research Program, Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Katsafanas
authors.affiliation: Stanley Research Program, Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Lucy A B
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Schweinfurth
authors.affiliation: Stanley Research Program, Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Christina L G
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Savage
authors.affiliation: Stanley Research Program, Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khushalani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yolken
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000523:psychology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component / Q000032:analysis*; D000099153:Pentraxins
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component; D000099153:Pentraxins
keywords: bipolar disorder; innate immunity; pentraxin 3; schizophrenia