title: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to non-surgical treatment of aggressive periodontitis: a split-mouth randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The management of aggressive periodontitis (AgP) represents a challenge for clinicians because there are no standardized protocols for an efficient control of the disease. This randomized controlled clinical trial evaluated the effects of repeated applications of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) adjunctive to scaling and root planing (SRP) in patients with AgP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a split-mouth design, 20 patients with generalized AgP were treated with aPDT + SRP (test group) or SRP only (control group). aPDT was applied at four periods. All patients were monitored for 90 days. Clinical, microbiologic, and immunologic parameters were statistically analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In deep periodontal pocket analysis (probing depth [PD] ≥ 7 mm at baseline), the test group presented a decrease in PD and a clinical attachment gain significantly higher than the control group at 90 days (P < 0.05). The test group also demonstrated significantly less periodontal pathogens of red and orange complexes and a lower interleukin-1β/interleukin-10 ratio than the control group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The application of four sessions of aPDT, adjunctive to SRP, promotes additional clinical, microbiologic, and immunologic benefits in the treatment of deep periodontal pockets in single-rooted teeth in patients with AgP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: André L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: Arthur B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Novaes
authors.forename: Márcio F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Grisi
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taba
authors.forename: Sérgio L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Daniela B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Palioto
authors.forename: Paula G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Marcio Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Casati
authors.forename: Renato C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Casarin
authors.forename: Michel R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Messora
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D010520:Aggressive Periodontitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D058491:Bacterial Load / Q000187:drug effects; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D012534:Dental Scaling / Q000379:methods*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000276:immunology; D006089:Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000032:analysis; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis; D054023:Lasers, Semiconductor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D010640:Phenothiazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016745:Root Planing / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C508609:IL10 protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D010640:Phenothiazines; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D016753:Interleukin-10; C031637:phenothiazine
keywords: Aggressive periodontitis; cytokines; microbiology; photochemotherapy; photosensitizing agents.