title: Technical note: Protozoa-specific antibodies raised in sheep plasma bind to their target protozoa in the rumen.
abstract: Binding of IgG antibodies to Entodinium spp. in the rumen of sheep (Ovis aries) was investigated by adding IgG, purified from plasma, directly into the rumen. Plasma IgG was sourced from sheep that had or had not been immunized with a vaccine containing whole fixed Entodinium spp. cells. Ruminal fluid was sampled approximately 2 h after each antibody dosing. Binding of protozoa by a specific antibody was detected using an indirect fluorescent antibody test. An antibody titer in the ruminal fluid was determined by ELISA, and the concentration of ruminal fluid ammonia-N and ruminal pH were also determined. Entodinium spp. and total protozoa from IgG-infused sheep were enumerated by microscopic counts. Two-hourly additions of IgG maintained a low antibody titer in the rumen for 12 h and the binding of the antibody to the rumen protozoa was demonstrated. Increased ammonia-N concentrations and altered ruminal fluid pH patterns indicated that additional fermentation of protein was occurring in the rumen after addition of IgG. No reduction in numbers of Entodinium spp. was observed (P>0.05). Although binding of antibodies to protozoa has been demonstrated in the rumen, it is unclear how much cell death occurred. On the balance of probability, it would appear that the antibody was degraded or partially degraded, and the impact of this on protozoal populations and the measurement of a specific titer is also unclear.
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Livestock Industries, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Wembley, WA, 6913, Australia yvette.williams@depi.vic.gov.au.
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Livestock Industries, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Wembley, WA, 6913, Australia.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Rea
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Livestock Industries, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Wembley, WA, 6913, Australia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Popovski
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Livestock Industries, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Wembley, WA, 6913, Australia.
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Skillman
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Livestock Industries, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Wembley, WA, 6913, Australia.
authors.forename: A-D G
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D016798:Ciliophora / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005285:Fermentation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D012417:Rumen / Q000469:parasitology*; D012756:Sheep / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines; D000641:Ammonia
keywords: antibody binding; defaunation; plasma immunoglobulin G; rumen protozoa; sheep; vaccine