title: Evaluation of endometrial echotexture and cervical cytology in cows during and after treatment of endometritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the endometrium by using echotexture parameters during and after treatment of endometritis with intrauterine administration of an intrauterine antiseptic solution (Lotagen®, 3% metacresolsulphonic acid and formaldehyde) in cows which became pregnant after treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  According to the severity of endometritis 21 cows were divided into three groups: E1 (slight, n = 7), E2 (moderate, n = 8), E3 (severe, n = 6). The control group (C, n = 11) consisted of cows without endometritis that did not receive an intrauterine medication. A software (Bs200 Pro®) was used to evaluate echotexture parameters Contrast (CON), Gradient (GR), Homogeneity (HOM), Mean Gray Level (MGL) of images taken during the examinations at hours (h) 0, 1 and 6 and days (d) 2, 3, 5 and 10.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 0 h, GR was significantly lower in group E2 than in groups E1 and C (p < 0.05). There was an increase in GR values between 0 h and 10 d in group E2 and E3, but a decrease during the same time interval in group C (p < 0.05). In contrast, CON values of group E2 were lower (p < 0.05) at 0 h compared to other timepoints of examination and lower than in group C. HOM values were lower (p < 0.05) in groups E1, E2 and E3 than in group C on d 5 and d 10. HOM values were higher at 1 h compared to 6 h, d 2 and d 10 in group E3 (p < 0.05). By contrast to GR values, HOM values were higher in group C at 6 h and d 10 than they were in group E3. MGL values of group E2 were higher (p < 0.05) than in group C until d 10 and higher (p < 0.05) in group E3 than in group C at 6 h after treatment. In group E2 an increase of MGL values until d 2 was followed by a decrease (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Echotexture parameters determined by the evaluation of sonographic B-mode images reflect changes in the endometrium and could be used for the evaluation of the recovery period after treatment of endometritis.
authors.affiliation: İbrahim Küçükaslan, Dicle University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 21280 Kampus/Diyarbakir, Turkey, Email: i.kucukaslan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Küçükaslan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Emre
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bollwein
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ozyurtlu
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Mülazımoğlu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aslan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D003408:Cresols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004716:Endometritis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011247:Pregnancy; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D003408:Cresols; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005557:Formaldehyde; C001716:formaldehyde, meta-cresolsulfonic acid drug combination
keywords: Cow; echotexture; endometritis; treatment