title: Retrospective study of the prevalence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in diabetic and nondiabetic dogs after phacoemulsification.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the prevalence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in diabetic and nondiabetic dogs following phacoemulsification.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records were reviewed for signalment, body weight, diabetes status, and STT at the preoperative and all postoperative examinations. A clinical diagnosis of KCS was defined as a STT <15 mm/min with compatible clinical signs. Schirmer tear test values and the prevalence of KCS based on STT <15 mm/min were evaluated at 2-4, 5-8, 9-14, 15-20, and 41-52 weeks postoperatively. Size of dog (large, >10 kg; small, ≤10 kg) and STT ranges (<15 mm/min, 15-22 mm/min and >22 mm/min) were categorized for analysis of effect of body weight and STT on prevalence of KCS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and seventeen nondiabetic (198 eyes) and 118 diabetic dogs (228 eyes) were evaluated. KCS was diagnosed in nearly twice as many diabetics as nondiabetics (27.4% vs. 15.4%) within 2 weeks postoperatively (P = 0.0088). Percentage of eyes with KCS among all dogs decreased over time and did not differ significantly after the first postoperative visit. Diabetic small dogs were 1.7 times more likely to have KCS than nondiabetic small dogs (P = 0.0052). Preoperative STT was significantly associated with likelihood of postoperative KCS among large (P < 0.0001), but not small dogs (P = 0.0781). Among large dogs, eyes with STTs between 15 and 22 mm/min were approximately 3 times more likely to be diagnosed with KCS after surgery than those with STT >22 mm/min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The greatest risk for KCS for all dogs is during the first 2 weeks postoperatively. Populations at greatest risk for postoperative KCS are small dogs, small diabetic dogs, and large dogs with preoperative STT ≤22.
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 601 Vernon L. Tharp St., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Anne J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Gemensky-Metzler
authors.affiliation: Animal Eye Care, 197 Defense Highway, Suite 101, Annapolis, MD, 21401, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Sheahan
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 601 Vernon L. Tharp St., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Paivi J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Rajala-Schultz
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 601 Vernon L. Tharp St., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Wilkie
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Emergency and Referral Group, 318 Warren St., Brooklyn, NY, 27320, USA.
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harrington
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002386:Cataract / Q000662:veterinary; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D007638:Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D018918:Phacoemulsification / Q000662:veterinary*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Schirmer tear test; cataract; diabetes mellitus; dogs; keratoconjunctivitis sicca; phacoemulsification