title: Outcome analysis of laporoscopic D1 and D2 dissection in patients 70 years and older with gastric cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gastric cancer is a worldwide aggressive tumor with a bad prognosis. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively investigate operative findings of 53 patients aged over 70 with gastric cancer who underwent laporoscopic operations in our clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of all patients who underwent laporoscopic surgery for pathologically confirmed gastric cancer at our clinic between March 2008 and October 2010 was conducted. D1 resection (Level1 lymphadenectomy) was compared with D2 resection (Levels 1 and 2 lymphadenectomy). The two groups in which D1 and D2 Lymph node Dissection (LND) were applied were compared with respect to number of patients, sex, age, stage of disease, and score of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA). We analyzed surgical methods, the use of staplers, operative time, additional organ resections, hospital stay, postoperative complications and the need for re-operation, operative mortality, and the effects of prognostic factors on survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient group consisted of 31 (58%) males and 22 (42%) females. Of the patients, 28 (52%) underwent D1 and 25 (48%) D2 LND. There was a significant difference between the two groups with regard to length of surgery (p < 0.01). The length of operation, blood loss, and transfusion requirement in the D2 group were significantly more than those in the D1 group. There was no mortality in cases that underwent additional organ resection. The survival times of cases with a ≤ 0.25 ratio of dissected number of lymph nodes to metastatic lymph nodes were significantly longer than those of other cases. The survival time of cases with perineural and vascular invasion was significantly shorter. The survival rates of Stage I patients was significantly higher than those of Stage III (p:0.002) and Stage IV (p:0.003) patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although extensive dissection had an increased morbidity, there was no significant statistical difference between the two procedures. Early complications should not be attributed only to the extent of LND. The important prognostic factors related to long-time survival are the stage of the tumor, perineural and perivascular invasion, and metastatic lymph nodes.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Namık Kemal University Tekirdağ, Turkey.
authors.forename: Seyfi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Emir
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Namık Kemal University Tekirdağ, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sözen
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Namık Kemal University Tekirdağ, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ilhan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bali
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Namık Kemal University Tekirdağ, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sibel Özkan
authors.initials: SÖ
authors.lastname: Gürdal
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Namık Kemal University Tekirdağ, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bünyamin Cüneyt
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Turan
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Namık Kemal University Tekirdağ, Turkey.
authors.forename: Oguzhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yıldırım
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Namık Kemal University Tekirdağ, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tarkan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yetişyiğit
keywords: Laparoscopic surgery; gastric cancer; older patients