title: The effects of Eucheuma cottonii on alveolar macrophages and malondialdehyde levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in chronically particulate matter 10 coal dust-exposed rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of Eucheuma cottonii on alveolar macrophages (AM) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) in particulate matter 10 (PM10) coal dust-exposed rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten groups, including a non exposed group and groups exposed to coal dust at doses of 6.25 (CD6.25), 12.5 (CD12.5), or 25 mg/m(3) (CD25) an hour daily for 6 months with or without supplementation of ethanolic extract of E. cottonii at doses of 150 (EC150) or 300 mg/kg BW (EC300). The number of macrophages was determined using a light microscope. MDA levels were measured by TBARS assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EC150 insignificantly (P > 0.05) reduces the AM in CD groups compared to non treatment groups. EC150 and EC300 significantly (P < 0.05) decreased MDA levels in CD12.5 and CD25 groups relative to non treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  E. cottonii attenuated oxidative stress in chronic exposure of PM10 coal dust.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Romadhiyana Kisno
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Saputri
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Research Center for Toxicology, Cancer and Degenerative Disease, Medical Faculty, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Bambang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Setiawan
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Dian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nugrahenny
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Research Center for Toxicology, Cancer and Degenerative Disease, Ulin General Hospital, Medical Faculty, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Nia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kania
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Endang Sri
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Wahyuni
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
authors.forename: M Aris
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Widodo
keywords: Alveolar macrophage; Coal dust; Eucheuma cottonii; Malondialdehyde