title: Atypical parkinsonism: diagnosis and treatment.
abstract: Atypical parkinsonism comprises typically progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, and mutilple system atrophy, which are distinct pathologic entities; despite ongoing research, their cause and pathophysiology are still unknown, and there are no biomarkers or effective treatments available. The expanding phenotypic spectrum of these disorders as well as the expanding pathologic spectrum of their classic phenotypes makes the early differential diagnosis challenging for the clinician. Here, clinical features and investigations that may help to diagnose these conditions and the existing limited treatment options are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Neurology, Attiko Hospital, University of Athens, Rimini 1, Athens 12462, Greece; Department of Neurology, Philipps Universität, Baldingerstrasse, Marburg 35039, Germany; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. Electronic address: mariastamelou@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stamelou
authors.affiliation: Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
authors.forename: Kailash P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Bhatia
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D013494:Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Atypical parkinsonism; Corticobasal degeneration; Diagnosis; Multiple system atrophy; Progressive supranuclear palsy