title: Pharmacogenetics of drug-metabolizing enzymes in US Hispanics.
abstract: Although the Hispanic population is continuously growing in the United States, they are underrepresented in pharmacogenetic studies. This review addresses the need for compiling available pharmacogenetic data in US Hispanics, discussing the prevalence of clinically relevant polymorphisms in pharmacogenes encoding for drug-metabolizing enzymes. CYP3A5*3 (0.245-0.867) showed the largest frequency in a US Hispanic population. A higher prevalence of CYP2C9*3, CYP2C19*4, and UGT2B7 IVS1+985 A>G was observed in US Hispanic vs. non-Hispanic populations. We found interethnic and intraethnic variability in frequencies of genetic polymorphisms for metabolizing enzymes, which highlights the need to define the ancestries of participants in pharmacogenetic studies. New approaches should be integrated in experimental designs to gain knowledge about the clinical relevance of the unique combination of genetic variants occurring in this admixed population. Ethnic subgroups in the US Hispanic population may harbor variants that might be part of multiple causative loci or in linkage-disequilibrium with functional variants. Pharmacogenetic studies in Hispanics should not be limited to ascertain commonly studied polymorphisms that were originally identified in their parental populations. The success of the Personalized Medicine paradigm will depend on recognizing genetic diversity between and within US Hispanics and the uniqueness of their genetic backgrounds.
authors.forename: Karla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Claudio-Campos
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duconge
authors.forename: Carmen L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Cadilla
authors.forename: Gualberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ruaño
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005838:Genotype; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D063206:N-Terminal Acetyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000378:metabolism*; D015995:Prevalence; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D063206:N-Terminal Acetyltransferases; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase