title: Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in elective surgeries in Iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of antibiotic prior to surgery is widely accepted. The WHO has recommended the use of ATC/DDD (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical / Defined Daily Dose) for the analysis of drug utilization. The aims of the present study are 1) to analyze the assessment of prophylactic antibiotic usage prior to surgery, 2) to assess the drug administration based on antibiograms and 3) to compare the results with the national and international standards.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study used ATC/DDD, in a retrospective manner. Cefazolin, ceftazidime, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, vancomycin, imipenem and penicillin G from 21st March to 21st June 2011 were analyzed in a hospital. Out of 516 medical records, 384 patients had received prophylactic antibiotics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparison, the orthopaedic ward had used more antibiotics. The results showed that antibiotics were not selected based on the antibiogram antibiotic programs. Patients in the age range of 20-30 years were the most recipients of the antibiotics. Men had received more antibiotic in comparison with women. About 75% (384 out of 516) of patients in the study received antibiotics as prophylaxis. Cefazolin was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings showed differences in comparison with national and international studies, but insignificant differences. Data on in-hospital antibiotic usage are varying widely not only due to different antibiotic policies but also due to different methods of mesurement. These differences make the comparison difficult.
authors.affiliation: 1. Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran. behzad_foroutan@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Behzad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Foroutan
authors.affiliation: 2. Medical Student, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. rforoutan@outlook.com.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Foroutan
keywords: Antibiotic prophylaxis; Elective surgery; Hospital