title: Influence of aerobic training on the reduced vasoconstriction to angiotensin II in rats exposed to intrauterine growth restriction: possible role of oxidative stress and AT2 receptor of angiotensin II.
abstract: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with impaired vascular function, which contributes to the increased incidence of chronic disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether aerobic training improves AngII-induced vasoconstriction in IUGR rats. Moreover, we assess the role of superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoforms and NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide anions in this improvement. Female Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups on day 1 of pregnancy. A control group was fed standard chow ad libitum, and a restricted group was fed 50% of the ad libitum intake throughout gestation. At 8 weeks of age, male offspring from both groups were randomly assigned to 4 experimental groups: sedentary control (SC), trained control (TC), sedentary restricted (SRT), and trained restricted (TRT). The training protocol was performed on a treadmill and consisted of a continuous 60-min session 5 days/week for 10 weeks. Following aerobic training, concentration-response curves to AngII were obtained in endothelium-intact aortic rings. Protein expression of SOD isoforms, AngII receptors and the NADPH oxidase component p47phox was assessed by Western blot analysis. The dihydroethidium was used to evaluate the in situ superoxide levels under basal conditions or in the presence of apocynin, losartan or PD 123,319. Our results indicate that aerobic training can prevent IUGR-associated increases in AngII-dependent vasoconstriction and can restore basal superoxide levels in the aortic rings of TRT rats. Moreover, we observed that aerobic training normalized the increased p47phox protein expression and increased MnSOD and AT2 receptor protein expression in thoracic aortas of SRT rats. In summary, aerobic training can result in an upregulation of antioxidant defense by improved of MnSOD expression and attenuation of NADPH oxidase component p47phox. These effects are accompanied by increased expression of AT2 receptor, which provide positive effects against Ang II-induced superoxide generation, resulting in attenuation of AngII-induced vasoconstriction.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Division, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eliana Hiromi
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Akamine
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Helena C
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Physiology Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lisete Compagno
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Michelini
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Zuleica Bruno
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Fortes
authors.affiliation: Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiana Sousa
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Division, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: do Carmo Franco
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D000804:Angiotensin II; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D019255:NADPH Oxidases