title: In vitro anti-aging activities of extracts from leaves of Ma Kiang (Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cleistocalyx nervosum (DC.) Kosterm. var. paniala (Roxb.) J. Parn. & Chantaran. (Myrtaceae) or Ma Kiang contains high amounts of phenolic compounds. Antioxidant activity of its fruit and seed has been investigated. However, limited available information concerning the biological activities of its leaves has been reported.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the in vitro anti-aging potential of young and old leaves of Ma Kiang.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ma Kiang leaves were extracted using water, methanol, and chloroform as the solvents by cold (sonication) and hot (boiling) processes. The extracts were determined for total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The extracts (at 0.001-10 mg/ml) were tested for antioxidative and tyrosinase inhibition activities using a colorimetric method. The cytotoxicity of extracts (at 0.0001-1 mg/ml) was determined with human skin fibroblasts. Also, the extracts at 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 mg/ml which showed no toxicity were tested for MMP-2 inhibition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cold methanol extract of the old leaves showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents of 511.44 ± 18.23 μg GAE/mg and 262.96 ± 2.98 μg QE/mg, respectively. This extract also gave high free radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation inhibition, and tyrosinase inhibition activities with SC50, IPC50, and IC50 values of 0.02 ± 0.004, 0.23 ± 0.13, and 0.02 ± 0.006 mg/ml, respectively. The extract at 0.1 mg/ml exhibited the highest MMP-2 inhibition of 91.14 ± 1.67%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The anti-aging potential of the cold methanol extract from old leaves of Ma Kiang can be further developed as an anti-aging agent.
authors.affiliation: Manose Health and Beauty Research Center , Muang, Chiang Mai , Thailand .
authors.forename: Jiradej
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manosroi
authors.forename: Charinya
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chankhampan
authors.forename: Kulthida
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kumguan
authors.forename: Worapaka
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Manosroi
authors.forename: Aranya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manosroi
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D027842:Syzygium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002614:Chelating Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
keywords: Anti-aging; Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala; Ma Kiang; leaves