title: A study of whether video scoring is a reliable option for blinded scoring of the Gross Motor Function Measure-88.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the agreement between live and video scores of the Gross Motor Function Measure-88.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reliability study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty evaluations were administered according to the test guidelines, and were videotaped. After a minimum interval of one month, the video recordings were again rated by the same assessor. Two physical therapy students also each scored the recordings twice, with a minimal interval of one month.
  
  
  METHODS
  Agreement between live and video scores as well as inter-rater and intra-rater agreement of the video scores were assessed using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), standard error of measurements (SEM), and smallest detectable changes (SDC). Weighted kappa coefficients were used to analyse individual items.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The live and video scores from the same assessor showed good to very good agreement for the total score (ICC, 0.973; SEM, 2.28; SDC, 6.32) and dimensions B (ICC, 0.938), D (ICC, 0.965), and E (ICC, 0.992) but lower agreement for A (ICC, 0.720) and C (ICC, 0.667). Live-versus-video agreement for the total score was higher than inter-rater agreement by video (ICC, 0.949; SEM, 3.15; SDC, 8.73) but lower than intra-rater agreement by video (ICC, 0.989; SEM, 1.42; SDC, 3.96).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Gross Motor Function Measure-88 can be reliably scored using video recordings. The agreement between live and video scores is lower than the intra-rater reliability using video recordings only. Future clinical trial results should be interpreted using the appropriate SEM and SDC values.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Belgium Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium inge.franki@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Franki
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Belgium.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van den Broeck
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory, University Hospital Pellenberg, Belgium.
authors.forename: Josse
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Cat
authors.affiliation: Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory, University Hospital Pellenberg, Belgium.
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Molenaers
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Belgium.
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vanderstraeten
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory, University Hospital Pellenberg, Belgium.
authors.forename: Kaat
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Desloovere
mesh_terms: D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014741:Video Recording
keywords: Video scoring; cerebral palsy; gross motor function; physical therapy