title: Mapping broadly reactive norovirus genogroup I and II monoclonal antibodies.
abstract: Noroviruses are responsible for most acute nonbacterial epidemic outbreaks of gastroenteritis worldwide. To develop cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) for rapid identification of genogroup I and II (GI and GII) noroviruses (NoVs) in field specimens, mice were immunized with baculovirus-expressed recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) corresponding to NoVs. Nine MAbs against the capsid protein were identified that detected both GI and GII NoV VLPs. These MAbs were tested in competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to identify common epitope reactivities to GI and GII VLPs. Patterns of competitive reactivity placed these MAbs into two epitope groups (groups 1 and 2). Epitopes for MAbs NV23 and NS22 (group 1) and MAb F120 (group 2) were mapped to a continuous region in the C-terminal P1 subdomain of the capsid protein. This domain is within regions previously defined to contain cross-reactive epitopes in GI and GII viruses, suggesting that common epitopes are clustered within the P1 domain of the capsid protein. Further characterization in an accompanying paper (B. Kou et al., Clin Vaccine Immunol 22:160-167, 2015, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00519-14) revealed that MAb NV23 (epitope group 1) is able to detect GI and GII viruses in stool. Inclusion of the GI and GII cross-reactive MAb NV23 in antigen detection assays may facilitate the identification of GI and GII human noroviruses in stool samples as causative agents of outbreaks and sporadic cases of gastroenteritis worldwide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Sue E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Nadim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ajami
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Tracy Dewese
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.affiliation: School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Noritoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kitamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Natori
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Naokazu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.affiliation: Sakai City Institute of Public Health, Sakai, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Baijun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kou
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Atmar
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA mestes@bcm.edu.
authors.forename: Mary K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Estes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D018604:Epitope Mapping; D018985:Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology*; D005838:Genotype; D051379:Mice; D029322:Norovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D018985:Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte