title: In planta processing and glycosylation of a nematode CLAVATA3/ENDOSPERM SURROUNDING REGION-like effector and its interaction with a host CLAVATA2-like receptor to promote parasitism.
abstract: Like other biotrophic plant pathogens, plant-parasitic nematodes secrete effector proteins into host cells to facilitate infection. Effector proteins that mimic plant CLAVATA3/ENDOSPERM SURROUNDING REGION-related (CLE) proteins have been identified in several cyst nematodes, including the potato cyst nematode (PCN); however, the mechanistic details of this cross-kingdom mimicry are poorly understood. Plant CLEs are posttranslationally modified and proteolytically processed to function as bioactive ligands critical to various aspects of plant development. Using ectopic expression coupled with nanoliquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis, we show that the in planta mature form of proGrCLE1, a multidomain CLE effector secreted by PCN during infection, is a 12-amino acid arabinosylated glycopeptide (named GrCLE1-1Hyp4,7g) with striking structural similarity to mature plant CLE peptides. This glycopeptide is more resistant to hydrolytic degradation and binds with higher affinity to a CLAVATA2-like receptor (StCLV2) from potato (Solanum tuberosum) than its nonglycosylated forms. We further show that StCLV2 is highly up-regulated at nematode infection sites and that transgenic potatoes with reduced StCLV2 expression are less susceptible to PCN infection, indicating that interference of the CLV2-mediated signaling pathway confers nematode resistance in crop plants. These results strongly suggest that phytonematodes have evolved to utilize host cellular posttranslational modification and processing machinery for the activation of CLE effectors following secretion into plant cells and highlight the significance of arabinosylation in regulating nematode CLE effector activity. Our finding also provides evidence that multidomain CLEs are modified and processed similarly to single-domain CLEs, adding new insight into CLE maturation in plants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology (S.C., P.L., X.W.), Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Institute of Biotechnology and Life Science Technologies (S.Z.), and Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics (W.S.D.J.), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853;Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, New York 14853 (D.C., X.W.); andDivision of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (M.G.M.).
authors.forename: Shiyan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology (S.C., P.L., X.W.), Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Institute of Biotechnology and Life Science Technologies (S.Z.), and Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics (W.S.D.J.), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853;Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, New York 14853 (D.C., X.W.); andDivision of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (M.G.M.).
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology (S.C., P.L., X.W.), Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Institute of Biotechnology and Life Science Technologies (S.Z.), and Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics (W.S.D.J.), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853;Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, New York 14853 (D.C., X.W.); andDivision of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (M.G.M.).
authors.forename: Demosthenis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chronis
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology (S.C., P.L., X.W.), Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Institute of Biotechnology and Life Science Technologies (S.Z.), and Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics (W.S.D.J.), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853;Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, New York 14853 (D.C., X.W.); andDivision of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (M.G.M.).
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology (S.C., P.L., X.W.), Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Institute of Biotechnology and Life Science Technologies (S.Z.), and Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics (W.S.D.J.), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853;Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, New York 14853 (D.C., X.W.); andDivision of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (M.G.M.).
authors.forename: Walter S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: De Jong
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology (S.C., P.L., X.W.), Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Institute of Biotechnology and Life Science Technologies (S.Z.), and Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics (W.S.D.J.), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853;Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, New York 14853 (D.C., X.W.); andDivision of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (M.G.M.).
authors.forename: Melissa G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Mitchum
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology (S.C., P.L., X.W.), Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Institute of Biotechnology and Life Science Technologies (S.Z.), and Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics (W.S.D.J.), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853;Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, New York 14853 (D.C., X.W.); andDivision of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (M.G.M.) xw57@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1790-4084
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006020:Glycopeptides / Q000502:physiology; D006031:Glycosylation; D009348:Nematoda / Q000502:physiology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000469:parasitology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D006020:Glycopeptides; D010940:Plant Proteins