title: Reactivation of hepatitis B virus in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients in Japan: efficacy of nucleos(t)ide analogues for prevention and treatment.
abstract: We retrospectively reviewed 413 recipients with hematologic malignancies who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) between June 1986 and March 2013. Recipients with antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) and/or to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) were regarded as experiencing previous hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Clinical data of these recipients were reviewed from medical records. We defined ≥1 log IU/mL increase in serum HBV DNA from nadir as HBV reactivation in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive recipients, and also defined ≥1 log IU/mL increase or re-appearance of HBV DNA and/or HBsAg as HBV reactivation in HBsAg-negative recipients. In 5 HBsAg-positive recipients, 2 recipients initially not administered with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs) experienced HBV reactivation, but finally all 5 were successfully controlled with NUCs. HBV reactivation was observed in 11 (2.7%) of 408 HBsAg-negative recipients; 8 of these were treated with NUCs, and fortunately none developed acute liver failure. In 5 (6.0%) of 83 anti-HBc and/or anti-HBs-positive recipients, HBV reactivation occurred. None of 157 (0%) recipients without HBsAg, anti-HBs or anti-HBc experienced HBV reactivation. In HSCT recipients, HBV reactivation is a common event in HBsAg-positive recipients, or in HBsAg-negative recipients with anti-HBc and/or anti-HBs. Further attention should be paid to HSCT recipients with previous exposure to HBV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan. nakamotoer@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan. kandat-cib@umin.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanda
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan. chiaki-nakaseko@faculty.chiba-u.jp.
authors.forename: Chiaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nakaseko
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan. esakaida@faculty.chiba-u.jp.
authors.forename: Emiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sakaida
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan. chikako_ohwada@faculty.chiba-u.jp.
authors.forename: Chikako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ohwada
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan. m-takeuchi@faculty.chiba-u.jp.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan. take-you@hospital.chiba-u.jp.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan. naoyamimura@chiba-u.jp.
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan. iseki@faculty.chiba-u.jp.
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iseki
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan. gosyou100@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan. araim-cib@umin.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan. imazekif@faculty.chiba-u.jp.
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Imazeki
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan. saitok@faculty.chiba-u.jp.
authors.forename: Kengo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan. sirasawa@faculty.chiba-u.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shirasawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan. yokosukao@faculty.chiba-u.jp.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yokosuka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000276:immunology; D006512:Hepatitis B Core Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D066027:Transplant Recipients; D014775:Virus Activation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D006512:Hepatitis B Core Antigens; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens