title: MiR-278-3p regulates pyrethroid resistance in Culex pipiens pallens.
abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and biological processes including embryonic development, innate immunity, and infection in many species. Emerging evidence indicates that miRNAs are involved in drug resistance. However, little is known about the relationship between the miRNAs and insecticide resistance in mosquitos. Here, we reported that conserved miR-278-3p and its target gene are critical for pyrethroid resistance in Culex pipiens pallens. We found that CYP6AG11 is the target of miR-278-3p, through bioinformatic analysis and experimental verification. The expression level of miR-278-3p was lower, whereas the level of CYP6AG11 was higher in deltamethrin-resistant strain, which were detected using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). We also found that CYP6AG11 was regulated by miR-278-3p via a specific target site with the 3' untranslated region (UTR) by luciferase reporter assay. In addition, overexpression of CYP6AG11 in the mosquito C6/36 cells showed better proliferation than the cells with empty vector when treated by deltamethrin at different concentrations. Moreover, the overexpression of miR-278-3p through microinjection led to a significant reduction in the survival rate, and the level of CYP6AG11 was simultaneously reduced. These results indicated that miR-278-3p could regulate the pyrethroid resistance through CYP6AG11.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Zhentao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Weijie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Feifei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Shengli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Fujin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Mengmeng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Bingqian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xianmiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Donghui
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Changliang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D003465:Culex / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D007306:Insecticides; D035683:MicroRNAs; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017180:decamethrin