title: Pain Catastrophizing and EEG-α Asymmetry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pain catastrophizing is thought to play a causal role in the development and maintenance of chronic pain and its negative impact on functioning. However, few studies have examined the factors that might contribute to the development and maintenance of catastrophizing. The Anterior Asymmetry and Emotion (AAE) model hypothesizes that more activity in left anterior brain regions is associated with a tendency to engage in approach responses (often, but not always, associated with positive valance), and that more right anterior activity is associated with a tendency to engage in more withdrawal responses (often associated with negative valance). Given the consistent associations found between catastrophizing and both (1) approach versus avoidance pain coping style; and (2) affective responses to pain, the AAE model would predict that more left (vs. right) anterior brain activity would prospectively predict future catastrophizing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anterior asymmetry measures computed using electroencephalogram data from 30 individuals with spinal cord injury were correlated with catastrophizing scores obtained 2 years after the electroencephalograph recording.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consistent with the AAE model, anterior asymmetry scores reflecting greater left than right anterior activity were negatively associated with subsequent catastrophizing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study findings identify a biological factor that may be associated with greater vulnerability to pain-related catastrophizing. If replicated in future research, the findings suggest new possibilities for treating catastrophizing, which may then contribute to improved pain treatment outcomes.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington §Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA †Department of Psychology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff ‡Nova Tech EEG, Mesa, AZ.
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gianas
authors.forename: Leslie H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Sherlin
authors.forename: Jon D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Howe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000513:Alpha Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D058443:Catastrophization; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult