title: Stereoselective suppressive effects of protopanaxadiol epimers on UV-B-induced reactive oxygen species and matrix metalloproteinase-2 in human dermal keratinocytes.
abstract: This study aimed to assess the skin-related anti-photoaging activities of the 2 epimeric forms of protopanaxadiol (PPD), 20(S)-PPD and 20(R)-PPD, in cultured human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). The anti-photoaging activity was evaluated by analyzing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), as well as cell viability for HaCaT cells under UV-B irradiation. The activities for MMP-2 and -1 in conditioned medium were determined using gelatin zymography, and MMP-2 protein in the conditioned medium was detected using Western blot analysis. 20(S)-PPD, but not 20(R)-PPD, suppressed UV-B-induced ROS elevation. Neither of the epimers, at the concentrations used, exhibited cytotoxicity, irrespective of UV-B irradiation. 20(S)-PPD, but not 20(R)-PPD, exhibited an inhibitory effect on UV-B-induced MMP-2 activity and expression in HaCaT cells. In brief, only 20(S)-PPD, a major metabolic product of PPD-type ginsenosides, inhibits UV-B-induced ROS and MMP-2 elevation, implying its stereospecific anti-photoaging activity on the skin.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Sun-Joo
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Sihyeong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ye Eun
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Kho
authors.forename: Kyunghoon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chang Duck
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Chang-Jin
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D012502:Sapogenins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012502:Sapogenins; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; C062916:protopanaxadiol
keywords: HaCaT; aglycone; anti-photoaging; anti-photovieillissement; ginseng; saponin; saponine