title: Organ and effective dose conversion coefficients for a sitting female hybrid computational phantom exposed to monoenergetic protons in idealized irradiation geometries.
abstract: The conversion coefficients (CCs) relate protection quantities, mean absorbed dose (DT) and effective dose (E), with physical radiation field quantities, such as fluence (Φ). The calculation of CCs through Monte Carlo simulations is useful for estimating the dose in individuals exposed to radiation. The aim of this work was the calculation of conversion coefficients for absorbed and effective doses per fluence (DT/ Φ and E/Φ) using a sitting and standing female hybrid phantom (UFH/NCI) exposure to monoenergetic protons with energy ranging from 2 MeV to 10 GeV. The radiation transport code MCNPX was used to develop exposure scenarios implementing the female UFH/NCI phantom in sitting and standing postures. Whole-body irradiations were performed using the recommended irradiation geometries by ICRP publication 116 (AP, PA, RLAT, LLAT, ROT and ISO). In most organs, the conversion coefficients DT/Φ were similar for both postures. However, relative differences were significant for organs located in the abdominal region, such as ovaries, uterus and urinary bladder, especially in the AP, RLAT and LLAT geometries. Anatomical differences caused by changing the posture of the female UFH/NCI phantom led an attenuation of incident protons with energies below 150 MeV by the thigh of the phantom in the sitting posture, for the front-to-back irradiation, and by the arms and hands of the phantom in the standing posture, for the lateral irradiation.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Campus Prof. José Aloísio de Campos, 49.100-000, São Cristóvão-SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Choonsik
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Wesley E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Bolch
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Carvalho Júnior
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D032701:Biomimetics; D001822:Body Burden; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D009928:Organ Specificity; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011187:Posture; D011522:Protons; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D011522:Protons