title: Computer representation of osteosynthesis stability in locking plates used for the treatment of osteoporotic proximal humerus fractures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Proximal humerus fractures are represented as 4-5% of all fractures, with incidence notably growing with age. Since surgical internal fixation in treatment of proximal humeral fractures is used, fractures of osteoporotic bone and choice of plate for their osteosynthesis represent particular problem. The aim of the study was to test two locking plates: Philos plate with locking screws with determinated direction, and Arthrex plate with poliaxial locking screws, using the finite element method.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study used version 6.10 of Abaqus FEA software package for simulation and fine element analysis of Philos and Artrex plates attached to the osteotomy models of proximal humerus with fracture gap at 0°, 10° and 20° in four types of static load: abduction, adduction, axial compression and flexion. Simulation results of loads in abduction, adduction, axial loads and flexion, were described with the total bone displacement (U) and maximum bone displacement in the fracture gap (Uf).
  
  
  RESULTS
  When examining the Philos plate in axial load on the bone with fracture gap angle from 0°, 10° and 20° no significant differences between the results for the displacements were observed. Therefore, results for other loads are related to total displacements of the bone only at the angle of 0°. Given that the results of the total bone displacement and maximum bone displacement in the fracture gap with Artrex plate were mostly higher, for comparison with the results of bone displacement in Philos plate it was taken that total bone displacement and maximum displacement in the fracture gap in Artrex plate represent 100% of the total displacement. Philos plate showed 60.71% for abduction, 76.07% for adduction, 102.24% for axial loads and 79.59% for flexion of total bone displacement in Artrex plate, and 60.48% for abduction, 76.07% for adduction, 96.05% for axial load and 79.96% for flexion of maximum displacement in the fracture gap in Artrex plate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Osteosynthesis for osteoporotic fractures of proximal humerus with Philos plate in computer simulation proved to be more stable than with Arthrex plate.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Split, Department of Traumatology, 21 000 Split, Croatia, fabijan.cukelj@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fabijan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cukelj
authors.forename: Josip
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Knežević
authors.forename: Janoš
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kodvanj
authors.forename: Ante
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bandalović
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ostojić
authors.forename: Kanito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bilan
authors.forename: Arsen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pavić