title: The effect of BSO-induced oxidative stress on histologic feature of testis: testosterone secretion and semen parameters in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) inhibits synthesis of glutathione as the main intracellular antioxidant. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of BSO-induced oxidative stress on histological structure of testis, testosterone secretion and semen parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty male BALB/c mice were divided into 3 groups. In control group, the mice did not receive any chemical. In the experimental group, the mice received 2 mmol/kg BSO for 35 days. In the sham group, the mice received the solvent of BSO (0.9% saline). After the treatment, the mice were sacrificed. Their testes were fixed in Buein's fixative, embedded in paraffin and prepared for histological studies. To assess semen parameters, the sperms were collected from cauda epididymis. Blood samples were used for determination of super oxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and the serum testosterone level. The data analyzed using ANOVA and Dunnett's tests and SPSS software, version11.5. P- values at 0.05 level considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data showed that in experimental group in comparison to control group; the concentration of CAT, GPX, SOD,GSH and the total level of testosterone is reduced while MDA level is increased significantly. The number of sperms with progressive motility were decreased (P<0.001) but sperms with abnormal morphology were increased (P<0.001). Histological studies revealed that the values for tubal differentiation index and spermatogenic index in experimental group were reduced (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that exposure to oxidative stress induced by BSO could affect testicular structure and semen parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors.forename: Fakhrosadat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sajjadian
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Roshangar
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hemmati
authors.affiliation: Biochemical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Sciences University of Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nori
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soleimani-Rad
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors.forename: Jafar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soleimani-Rad
keywords: Buthionine sulfoximine; Glutathione; Oxidative Stress Markers; Testis