title: Short communication: determination of potential 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde and 2-furaldehyde compounds in follow-on milks and infant formulas using the high-performance liquid chromatography method.
abstract: The aim of present study was to determine the levels of potential 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (HMF) and 2-furaldehyde (F) in 109 baby food samples (60 follow-on milks, 49 cereal- and milk-based infant formulas) obtained from different markets in Ankara (Turkey). Potential HMF and F compounds were determined by HPLC. Mean levels (± standard error) of HMF and F of follow-on milk samples were found to be 237.85±18.25 and 9.44±0.39 µg/100mL, respectively. Regarding the infant formulas, mean levels of HMF and F were found to be 905.41±91.94 and 13.22±1.21 µg/100g. As a result, potential HMF was determined in all of the samples; potential F was determined in all the samples except 1. The mean levels of potential HMF and F of infant formulas were higher than mean levels of potential HMF and F of follow-on milks. In addition, HMF and F values of some samples with an imminent expiration date were found to be higher than HMF and F values of the other samples. At present, no limits have been established in the Turkish Food Codex (TFC) for furfural compounds concentrations in infant formula and milks. Establishing limits related to these compounds would be important for protecting the quality of infant foods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: erbuket@gmail.com.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Er Demirhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Demirhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sönmez
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Torul
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tamer
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yentür
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000737:chemistry*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: C008046:5-hydroxymethylfurfural; D005662:Furaldehyde
keywords: 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde; follow-on milk; furfural; infant formula