title: Improving ductoscopy with duct lavage and duct brushing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the combined technique of duct lavage (DL) and duct brushing (DB) performed during ductoscopy in pathological nipple discharge (PND).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in two hospitals: Rea (Greece) and in Meet Ghmmr Oncology Center (Egypt), from January 2011 to April 2013. Sixty-four women were enrolled. A sample of cells was collected with the use of DB. Afterwards, DL was performed. For each case, liquid cytology was compared to the final histology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the 19 histological diagnosis of duct ectasia, cytology by DL plus DB (CDLDB) was correct in 17 cases (89.5%). For 28 papillomas, CDLDB was correct in 19 cases (67.9%). For breast cancer (six cases), CDLDB was correct in five cases (83.3%). Also, CDLDB found 45.5% of miscellaneous benign cases. In total, cytology performed by CDLDB was correct in 46 of 64 patients: 71.9%. Thus, the sensitivity of CDLDB ranged from 67% to 90%, depending on the histological diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This technique showed a high accuracy, in contrast to other studies that used only DL.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zervoudis
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tamer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iatrakis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bothou
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tokou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Augoulea
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Aranitis
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Spanopoulos
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tomara
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Patralexis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003584:Cytological Techniques; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005122:Exudates and Transudates / Q000166:cytology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009558:Nipples / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000091402:Prohibitins; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation