title: An update on the use of botulinum toxin therapy in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Botulinum toxin (BoNT) has gained widespread use in a variety of neurological conditions. Parkinson's disease is a complex neurodegenerative disorder manifested by motor and non-motor symptoms that can cause significant disability. BoNT has been used to effectively treat a variety of symptoms related to Parkinson's disease. This review will examine the current therapeutic indications of BoNT use in the following disorders related to Parkinson's disease: cervical dystonia, blepharospasm and lid apraxia, focal hand dystonia, foot dystonia, laryngeal dystonia, oromandibular dystonia, camptocormia, hand and jaw tremor, sialorrhea, hyperhidrosis, dysphagia, constipation, and overactive bladder.
authors.affiliation: Movement Disorders Division, Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Hospital, 3900 Reservoir Rd, NW, 7 PHC, Washington, DC, 20007, USA, reversa.mills@gunet.georgetown.edu.
authors.forename: Reversa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: Laxman
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bahroo
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pagan
mesh_terms: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D001905:Botulinum Toxins