title: The truth about laser fiber diameters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the various diameters of laser fibers from various manufacturers and compare them with the advertised diameter.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen different unused laser fibers from 6 leading manufacturers with advertised diameters of 200, 270, 272, 273, 365, and 400 μm were measured by light microscopy. The outer diameter (including the fiber coating, cladding, and core), cladding diameter (including the cladding and the fiber core), and core diameter were measured. Industry representatives of the manufacturers were interviewed about the diameter of their fibers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For all fibers, the outer and cladding diameters differed significantly from the advertised diameter (P <.00001). The outer diameter, which is of most practical relevance for urologists, exhibited a median increase of 87.3% (range, 50.7%-116.7%). The outer, cladding, and core diameters of fibers with equivalent advertised diameters differed by up to 180, 100, and 78 μm, respectively. Some 200-μm fibers had larger outer diameters than the 270- to 273-μm fibers. All packaging material and all laser fibers lacked clear and precise fiber diameter information labels. Of 12 representatives interviewed, 8, 3, and 1 considered the advertised diameter to be the outer, the cladding, and the core diameter, respectively. Representatives within the same company frequently gave different answers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that, at present, there is a lack of uniformity between laser fiber manufacturers, and most of the information conveyed to urologists regarding laser fiber diameter may be incorrect. Because fibers larger than the advertised laser fibers are known to influence key interventional parameters, this misinformation can have surgical repercussions.
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal. Electronic address: peterkronenberg@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kronenberg
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Université Paris 6 Pierre et Marie Curie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Traxer
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D004869:Equipment Safety; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers / Q000592:standards*; D055100:Optical Fibers; D012015:Reference Standards; D012494:Sampling Studies