title: Functional considerations in aesthetic eyelid surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aesthetic eyelid surgery involves intricate techniques to improve the appearance of the periorbital region. In the presence of preoperative ptosis, lower lid laxity or malposition, prominent eyes, and xerophthalmia (dry eyes), patients are at an increased risk of developing postoperative complications such as scleral show, ectropion, corneal injury, and persistent ptosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors identify patients at increased risk for functional problems after blepharoplasty and describe detailed preoperative evaluation to identify patients who may be at increased risk prior to surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In order to minimize the complications rates associated with blepharoplasty, it is of paramount importance to appreciate and address these functional concerns in the approach to blepharoplasty surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After reading this article, the participant should be able to demonstrate a systematic approach to identify high-risk blepharoplasty patients and manage functional issues in both upper and lower blepharoplasty.
authors.affiliation: Toronto, Ontario, Canada; St. Cloud, Minn.; and Atlanta, Ga. From private practice.
authors.forename: Kunaal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jindal
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sarcia
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Codner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000601:surgery; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques; D005143:Eyelids / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008487:Medical History Taking; D008875:Middle Aged; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D010808:Physical Examination; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D057234:Preoperative Period; D012307:Risk Factors