title: Infant feeding in relation to islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in genetically susceptible children: the MIDIA Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to study the association of breast-feeding duration and age at the introduction of solid foods with the risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in genetically susceptible children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Newborns were recruited from the Norwegian general population during 2001-2007. After genetic screening of nearly 50,000 newborns, 908 children with the high-risk HLA genotype were followed up with blood samples and questionnaires at age 3, 6, 9, and 12 months and then annually. Complete infant diet data were available for 726 children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Any breast-feeding for 12 months or longer predicted a decreased risk of developing type 1 diabetes compared with any breast-feeding for less than 12 months before and after adjusting for having a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes, vitamin D supplementation, maternal education, sex, and delivery type (hazard ratio 0.37 [95% CI 0.15-0.93]). Any breast-feeding for 12 months or longer was not associated with islet autoimmunity but predicted a lower risk of progression from islet autoimmunity to type 1 diabetes (hazard ratio 0.35 [95% CI 0.13-0.94]). Duration of full breast-feeding was not significantly associated with the risk of islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes nor was age at introduction of solid foods or breast-feeding at the time of introduction of any solid foods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that breast-feeding for 12 months or longer predict a lower risk of progression from islet autoimmunity to type 1 diabetes among genetically predisposed children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway n.a.lund@medisin.uio.no.
authors.forename: Nicolai A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Lund-Blix
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Lars C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Stene
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Trond
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.affiliation: Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Torjesen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Lene F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Kjersti S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Rønningen
mesh_terms: D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000378:metabolism; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies