title: Can metabolically healthy obesity be explained by diet, genetics, and inflammation?
abstract: A substantial proportion of obese individuals do not present cardiometabolic complications such as diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia. Some, but not all, prospective studies observe similar risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality among individuals with this so-called "metabolically healthy obese" (MHO) phenotype, compared to the metabolically healthy normal weight or metabolically healthy non-obese phenotypes. Compared to the metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) phenotype, MHO is often characterized by a more favorable inflammatory profile, less visceral fat, less infiltration of macrophages into adipose tissue, and smaller adipocyte cell size. Tipping the inflammation balance in adipose tissue might be particularly important for metabolic health in the obese. While the potential role of genetic predisposition or lifestyle factors such as diet in the MHO phenotype is yet to be clarified, it is well known that diet affects inflammation profile and contributes to the functionality of adipose tissue. This review will discuss genetic predisposition and the molecular mechanisms underlying the potential effect of food on the development of the metabolic phenotype characteristic of obesity.
authors.affiliation: Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Estanislau
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: Anna N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Funtikova
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fíto
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schröder
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004032:Diet; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D008019:Life Style; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000008:administration & dosage; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D064209:Phytochemicals; D059808:Polyphenols; D014815:Vitamins
keywords: Genetics of obesity; Inflammation; Metabolically healthy obesity; Nutrition; ncRNAs