title: Systematic review with meta-analysis: prompt endoscopy as the initial management strategy for uninvestigated dyspepsia in Asia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prompt endoscopy should be considered as an initial strategy for uninvestigated dyspepsia in the background of high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and malignancy. However, with changes of disease patterns and dyspepsia definition, the prevalence of organic lesions at endoscopy in dyspepsia patients and the predictive values of alarm features and age for in malignancy remain unclear in Asian population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the appropriateness of prompt endoscopy as an initial dyspepsia management strategy, we investigated the organic lesion detection rates in Asian dyspepsia patients as well as the diagnostic accuracies of alarm features and age thresholds for malignancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature was retrieved from MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and CINAHL Plus. The prevalence rates of organic lesions and young cancer patients among dyspeptic patients and the sensitivities, specificities, likelihood ratios and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of alarm features and ages were estimated. The summary receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed and the area under the curve (AUC) calculated. Subgroup, sensitivity and meta-regression analyses were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 18 included studies, 15 reported organic lesion detection rates, and six and five analysed the predictive values of alarm features and ages respectively. The overall malignancy detection rate was 1.3% (95% CI: 0.80-2.10). Among cancer patients, 17.8% (95% CI: 10.90-29.00) were younger than 45 years and 3.0% (95% CI: 2.50-3.50) were younger than 35 years. The diagnostic accuracy of alarm features for predicting malignancy was moderate (DOR: 4.87, 95% CI: 2.72-8.71; AUC = 0.74). The diagnostic accuracy at age >35 years (DOR: 9.41, 95% CI: 7.89-11.21; AUC = 0.82) was better than that at age >45 years (DOR: 3.50, 95% CI: 2.32-5.27; AUC = 0.70).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The malignancy detection rate and proportion of young cancer patients were high among Asian dyspepsia patients. Alarm features and age were of limited value for predicting malignancy, and prompt endoscopy should be considered as the initial strategy for dyspepsia in Asian populations. The optimal age threshold for endoscopy screening in Asia might be 35 years.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Gwee
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miwa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Y T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001208:Asia; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis