title: Blood glucose management in the patient undergoing cardiac surgery: A review.
abstract: Both diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia per se are associated with negative outcomes after cardiac surgery. In this article, we review these associations, the possible mechanisms that lead to adverse outcomes, and the epidemiology of diabetes focusing on those patients requiring cardiac surgery. We also examine outpatient and perioperative management of diabetes with the same focus. Finally, we discuss our own efforts to improve glycemic management of patients undergoing cardiac surgery at our institution, including keys to success, results of implementation, and patient safety concerns.
authors.affiliation: Pingle Reddy, Brian Duggar, John Butterworth, Department of Anesthesiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 232298-0695, United States.
authors.forename: Pingle
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Pingle Reddy, Brian Duggar, John Butterworth, Department of Anesthesiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 232298-0695, United States.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Duggar
authors.affiliation: Pingle Reddy, Brian Duggar, John Butterworth, Department of Anesthesiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 232298-0695, United States.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Butterworth
keywords: Blood glucose management; Cardiac surgery; Cardiothoracic surgery; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Glycemic management; Hyperglycemia; Perioperative