title: A 3D approximate maximum likelihood solver for localization of fish implanted with acoustic transmitters.
abstract: Better understanding of fish behavior is vital for recovery of many endangered species including salmon. The Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS) was developed to observe the out-migratory behavior of juvenile salmonids tagged by surgical implantation of acoustic micro-transmitters and to estimate the survival when passing through dams on the Snake and Columbia Rivers. A robust three-dimensional solver was needed to accurately and efficiently estimate the time sequence of locations of fish tagged with JSATS acoustic transmitters, to describe in sufficient detail the information needed to assess the function of dam-passage design alternatives. An approximate maximum likelihood solver was developed using measurements of time difference of arrival from all hydrophones in receiving arrays on which a transmission was detected. Field experiments demonstrated that the developed solver performed significantly better in tracking efficiency and accuracy than other solvers described in the literature.
authors.affiliation: Hydrology, Energy &Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States.
authors.forename: Xinya
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Hydrology, Energy &Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States.
authors.forename: Z Daniel
authors.initials: ZD
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Electricity Infrastructure, Energy &Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States.
authors.forename: Yannan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Hydrology, Energy &Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States.
authors.forename: Jayson J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: Hydrology, Energy &Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Ecology, Earth Systems Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States.
authors.forename: Geoffrey A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: McMichael
authors.affiliation: Marine Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 1529 West Sequim Bay Road, Sequim, WA 98382, United States.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Carlson