title: Effects of regular consumption of different forms of almonds and hazelnuts on acceptance and blood lipids.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Regular nut consumption is inversely associated with cardiovascular disease risk. No study has compared the effects of regular consumption of different types and forms of nuts on acceptance, which is a crucial determinant of long-term compliance to consume nuts regularly.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study examined the effects of different types and forms of raw, unpeeled nuts on acceptance and the effects of nut consumption on blood lipids through a randomised crossover study with six dietary phases: 30 g/day of ground, sliced, or whole almonds or hazelnuts for 5 days each (n = 74). Acceptance ('desire' and 'liking') for nuts was measured daily using visual analogue scales. Blood lipids were measured at baseline and week 6.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acceptance was stable over all conditions, but there were differences between nut forms (ground < sliced < whole, P < 0.001 for both 'desire' and 'liking') with some nut type-nut form interactions. Compared with baseline, week 6 HDL-C was higher (0.06 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.02-0.10, P = 0.002) while LDL-C and total-C:HDL-C ratio were lower (0.15 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.06-0.25, P = 0.002 and 0.25, 95% CI 0.07-0.43, P = 0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, acceptance was stable for all combinations but was highest for whole nuts. Six weeks of nut consumption improved blood lipids.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, 14 Medical Drive, #07-02, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
authors.forename: Siew Ling
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Tey
authors.forename: Conor
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delahunty
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chisholm
authors.forename: Rachel Clare
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D031211:Corylus; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009753:Nutritive Value; D009754:Nuts; D000068181:Prunus dulcis; D013649:Taste; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides