title: Factors associated with active commuting among parents-to-be in Karlskrona, Sweden.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study is to examine the prevalence of active commuting and factors associated with participation in active commuting in the municipality of Karlskrona, Sweden. Active commuting is defined here as walking or cycling to and from school/work for at least 15 minutes one-way.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was carried out, which included baseline data from parents-to-be. Pregnant females and their partners were invited to participate in the study when they contacted either of the municipality's two antenatal clinics. Data collection ran from March 2008 to February 2009. When completing the questionnaire, the participants were asked to reflect on their situation one month before the female became pregnant. The final sample consisted of 432 participants (response rate 51.9% for females and 85.0% for males).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main mode of commuting was motor vehicle (63.0%), with active commuters forming a minority (8.3%). The main facilitating factor for active commuting was living in an urban as opposed to a rural area. Regular participation in outdoor recreational physical activity was significantly positively associated with active commuting. Being Swedish and being surrounded by a green space environment were significantly negatively associated with active commuting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study found that the number of people who are active commuters is modest and other modes of transportation are preferred. Several facilitating and impeding factors associated with active commuting were also found, indicating the importance of applying a broad health-promoting approach to encouraging active commuting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Sweden emelie.thern@ki.se.
authors.forename: Emelie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thern
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Sweden.
authors.forename: Katarina Sjögren
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Forss
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics and Science, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Sweden.
authors.forename: Claes E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Jogréus
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Sweden.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stjernberg
mesh_terms: D001642:Bicycling / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004779:Environment Design / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D018986:Motor Vehicles / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010290:Parents; D011247:Pregnancy; D037841:Pregnant People / Q000523:psychology*; D011998:Recreation / Q000523:psychology; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012574:Schools; D012747:Sexual Partners / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden; D014186:Transportation / Q000379:methods*; D016138:Walking / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014937:Work
keywords: Active commuting; ethnicity; outdoor recreational physical activity; residential area