title: Excitotoxicity triggered by neonatal monosodium glutamate treatment and blood-brain barrier function.
abstract: It is likely that monosodium glutamate (MSG) is the excitotoxin that has been most commonly employed to characterize the process of excitotoxicity and to improve understanding of the ways that this process is related to several pathological conditions of the central nervous system. Excitotoxicity triggered by neonatal MSG treatment produces a significant pathophysiological impact on adulthood, which could be due to modifications in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and vice versa. This mini-review analyzes this topic through brief descriptions about excitotoxicity, BBB structure and function, role of the BBB in the regulation of Glu extracellular levels, conditions that promote breakdown of the BBB, and modifications induced by neonatal MSG treatment that could alter the behavior of the BBB. In conclusion, additional studies to better characterize the effects of neonatal MSG treatment on excitatory amino acids transporters, ionic exchangers, and efflux transporters, as well as the role of the signaling pathways mediated by erythropoietin and vascular endothelial growth factor in the cellular elements of the BBB, should be performed to identify the mechanisms underlying the increase in neurovascular permeability associated with excitotoxicity observed in several diseases and studied using neonatal MSG treatment.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: Graciela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gudiño-Cabrera
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: Monica E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ureña-Guerrero
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: Martha C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Rivera-Cervantes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: Alfredo I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Feria-Velasco
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, México; División de Neurociencias, CIBO, IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. Electronic address: carlosbeas55@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beas-Zárate
mesh_terms: D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000378:metabolism; D050491:Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012970:Sodium Glutamate / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D050491:Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D009498:Neurotoxins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D004921:Erythropoietin; D012970:Sodium Glutamate
keywords: Blood–brain barrier; Excitotoxicity; Monosodium glutamate