title: Improving the robustness of 3D turbo spin echo imaging to involuntary motion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  3D TSE imaging is very prone to motion artifacts, especially from uncooperative patients, because of the long scan duration. The need to repeat this time-consuming 3D acquisition in the event of large motion artifacts substantially reduces patient comfort and increases the workload of the scanner.
  
  
  METHODS
  A new sampling strategy enables homogenized collection of k-space data for 3D TSE imaging. It is combined with Frobenius norm-based motion-detection to enable freely stopped acquisition in 3D TSE imaging whenever excessive subject motion is detected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The feasibility and reliability of the proposed method were demonstrated and evaluated in in-vivo experiments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is shown that the additional overhead related to repeat scanning of the 3D TSE sequence as a result of patient motion can be substantially reduced by using the homogenized k-space sampling strategy with automatic scan completion as determined by Frobenius norm-based motion-detection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 60a, 79106, Freiburg, Germany, guobin.li@uniklinik-freiburg.de.
authors.forename: Guobin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Maxim
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaitsev
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Büchert
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Raithel
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Jan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Korvink
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hennig
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009068:Movement; D015203:Reproducibility of Results