title: Analyses of outcomes of one-stage operation for treatment of late-diagnosed developmental dislocation of the hip: 864 hips followed for 3.2 to 8.9 years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The one-stage procedure for treatment of older developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH) is used widely. However, the best age group for this operation is still unknown. The aims of our study were to evaluate middle-term outcomes of one-stage surgical treatment of a large number of patients with late-diagnosed DDH, and to explore the best age group for treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed 652 patients with a total of 864 hip joints with DDH, all aged >18 months. All the hip joints were treated with one-stage procedures including open reduction, pelvic osteotomy, and femoral shortening. The patients were divided into three groups according to age at surgery: Group I: 1.5-2.5 years; Group II: 2.5-8 years; and Group III: >8 years. The latest clinical and radiographic outcomes, complications and avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head were evaluated and compared among the three groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age at surgery was 5.8 years (range: 1.5-13.2 years). The average time of follow-up was 6.2 years (range: 3.2-8.9 years). A total of 79.4% of good or excellent outcomes were obtained for clinical functional evaluation according to the McKay classification. For radiographic outcomes, 732 hips (84.7%) were classified as good or excellent according to the Severin classification. A total of 27.4% of all hips had a poor outcome according to the Kalamchi and MacEwen classification for AVN. The poorest outcomes were observed for clinical, radiographic and AVN results in Group III (p < 0.001). Compared with Group I, the better results for clinical and AVN outcomes were found in Group II (p < 0.001). However, similar clinical outcomes were observed between Groups I and II (p > 0.05). A significantly higher incidence of redislocation and residual acetabular dysplasia was observed in Tonnis grade II and III hip dislocation (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One-stage treatment of late-diagnosed DDH had a good outcome in young and middle group. Younger patients achieved better results than older patients. However, the best age group was 2.5-8 years. Tonnis grade II and III DDH is a risk factor for redislocation and residual acetabular dysplasia after the one-stage operation.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Sichng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, 39, Wangjiang Road, 230051 Hefei, China. sunjun507@126.com.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006618:Hip Dislocation, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000639:trends*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome