title: Acoustic profiling in a complexly social species, the American crow: caws encode information on caller sex, identity, and behavioural context.
abstract: Previous research on inter-individual variation in the calls of corvids has largely been restricted to single call types, such as alarm or contact calls, and has rarely considered the effects of age on call structure. This study explores structural variation in a contextually diverse set of "caw" calls of the American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos), including alarm, foraging recruitment and territorial calls, and searches for structural features that may be associated with behavioural context and caller sex, age, and identity. Automated pitch detection algorithms are used to generate 23 pitch-related and spectral parameters for a collection of caws from 18 wild, marked crows. Using principal component analysis and mixed models, we identify independent axes of acoustic variation associated with behavioural context and with caller sex, respectively. We also have moderate success predicting caller sex and identity from call structure. However, we do not find significant acoustic variation with respect to caller age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Mailing Address: Box 351525, Seattle, WA 98195 xamates@uw.edu.
authors.forename: Exu Anton
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Mates
authors.affiliation: Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH Mailing Address: 5600 University Way NE, Apt. 9, Seattle, WA 98105 cbrachy@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Robin R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Tarter
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Mailing Address: Box 351525, Seattle, WA 98195 , 206-543-7494 jcha@u.washington.edu.
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA Mailing Address: PO Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902 aclark@binghamton.edu.
authors.forename: Anne B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Mailing Address: 159 Sapsucker Woods Rd. Ithaca, NY 14850 kjm2@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: McGowan
keywords: PACS Code 43.80.Ka; acoustic feature analysis; call classification; caller identity; sexual dimorphism; vocal ontogeny