title: The temporal rating of emergency non-technical skills (TRENT) index for self and others: psychometric properties and emotional responses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To enhance the non-technical skills (NTS) assessment literature by developing a reliable and valid peer and self-assessment tool for NTS in a simulated ward setting to include emotional reactions: the Temporal Rating of Emergency Non-Technical skills (TRENT) Index. The paper aims to document (1) the psychometric properties of the TRENT index (e.g., reliability, idiosyncrasy biases) and (2) its validity in terms of performance-emotional associations in the high fidelity simulated ward environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two samples of doctors (Ns =150 & 90) taking part in emergency simulations provided both self and peer-assessment of NTS, with the second sample also providing self-assessments of mood. The psychometric properties of the TRENT were explored for self- and peer-assessment, and pre- and post-simulation environment mood was used to assess validity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A psychometrically reliable and valid 5-factor assessment of NTS was developed. While there was evidence for both intra-rater and inter-rater reliability, inter-rater idiosyncrasy was also observed. Self-rated, but not peer-rated, negative performance was positively associated with post simulation negative mood.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These are the first results that pertain to inter-, intra-rater reliability as well as idiosyncratic biases in NTS assessment and the first to show that simulator performance can influence mood after assessment. Potential clinical carry-over effects of mood are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Personality and Social Psychology (PSPH) group, School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK. eamonn.ferguson@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Eamonn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.affiliation: Trent Simulation and Clinical Skills Centre, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK. Andrew.Buttery@nuh.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buttery
authors.affiliation: Trent Simulation and Clinical Skills Centre, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK. Giulia.Miles@nuh.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Miles
authors.affiliation: Personality and Social Psychology (PSPH) group, School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK. christinamarie2003@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tatalia
authors.affiliation: Personality and Social Psychology (PSPH) group, School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK. David.Clarke@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: David D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Oxford Brookes University (Formally PSPH group), Oxford, UK. adamlonsdale@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Adam J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lonsdale
authors.affiliation: Trent Simulation and Clinical Skills Centre, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK. Bryn.Baxendale@nuh.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Bryn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baxendale
authors.affiliation: Personality and Social Psychology (PSPH) group, School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK. claire.lawrence@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lawrence
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010380:Peer Review; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011361:Professional Competence; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012647:Self-Assessment