title: Effect of dietary incorporation of a multi-strain probiotic on growth performance and health status in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
abstract: Dietary supplementation with a multi-strain probiotic containing Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium, Pediococcus acidilactici and Lactobacillus reuteri has been examined for its effects on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, non-specific immune response and antioxidant status of rainbow trout. Three groups of sub-adult trout were stocked into experimental tanks. A commercial diet was used as control, while the other two groups received diets supplemented with the multi-strain probiotic at levels of 1 and 5 g kg(-1) diet. The fish were fed to apparent satiation three times daily for 8 weeks. Dietary probiotic at 1 g kg(-1) diet improved (P < 0.05) growth and feed efficiency compared to control diet. Lactic acid bacteria loads were higher in probiotic fed fish at both inclusion levels compared to control; however, Enterobacteriaceae, Coliforms and Aeromonas spp. were similar between groups. Dietary probiotics decreased (P < 0.05) malondialdehyde formation on day 0 compared to control fish but not on day 5 of storage. Probiotics also increased (P < 0.05) the activity of glutathione-based enzymes. Serum lysozyme levels were similar among dietary treatments. Probiotic supplementation at 1 g kg(-1) diet reduced serum nitric oxide levels compared to control. In conclusion, dietary probiotics at the level of 1 g kg(-1) of diet exerted both a growth promoting and antioxidant protective activity.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece, igiannenas@vet.auth.gr.
authors.forename: Ilias
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Giannenas
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Karamaligas
authors.forename: Maritsa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Margaroni
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pappas
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Encarnação
authors.forename: Evdokia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karagouni
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture / Q000379:methods*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006304:Health Status; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D064307:Microbiota / Q000187:drug effects*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000254:growth & development*; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; D003165:Complement System Proteins; D002374:Catalase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase