title: Adaptations in aquatic organisms for increased sensitivity to light and differences from humans.
abstract: The retina of aquatic organisms has been adapted, through evolution, to the specific lighting conditions of water. The purpose of this paper is to present the major morphological and functional differences of photoreceptors between humans and aquatic organisms. Comparison of visual pathways of the nervous system between humans and aquatic organisms is also attempted.
authors.affiliation: Ionian University, Corfu, Greece, vas_pet@biol.uoa.gr.
authors.forename: Vasileios K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Petropoulos
authors.forename: Ioannis K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Petropoulos
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Verriopoulos
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000528:radiation effects*; D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D010786:Photoreceptor Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water