title: Maternal Smoking and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-analysis.
abstract: We conducted a meta-analysis of 15 studies on maternal prenatal smoking and ASD risk in offspring. Using a random-effects model, we found no evidence of an association (summary OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.93-1.12). Stratifying by study design, birth year, type of healthcare system, and adjustment for socioeconomic status or psychiatric history did not alter the findings. There was evidence that ascertaining exposure at the time of birth produced a lower summary OR than when this information was gathered after birth. There was no evidence of publication bias. Non-differential exposure misclassification was shown to have the potential for negligible influence on the results. We found no evidence to support a measurable association between maternal prenatal smoking and ASD in offspring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Nesbitt Hall, Room 614, 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Brittany N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: Brian K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Nora L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yunwen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Burstyn
mesh_terms: D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology*