title: Modelling extracellular electrical stimulation: part 4. Effect of the cellular composition of neural tissue on its spatio-temporal filtering properties.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this paper is to present a concrete application of the cellular composite model for calculating the membrane potential, described in an accompanying paper.
  
  
  METHODS
  A composite model that is used to determine the membrane potential for both longitudinal and transverse modes of stimulation is demonstrated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two extreme limits of the model, near-field and far-field for an electrode close to or distant from a neuron, respectively, are derived in this paper. Results for typical neural tissue are compared using the composite, near-field and far-field models as well as the standard isotropic volume conductor model. The self-consistency of the composite model, its spatial profile response and the extracellular potential time behaviour are presented. The magnitudes of the longitudinal and transverse components for different values of electrode-neurite separations are compared.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The unique features of the composite model and its simplified versions can be used to accurately estimate the spatio-temporal response of neural tissue to extracellular electrical stimulation.
authors.affiliation: NeuroEngineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Bahman
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tahayori
authors.forename: Hamish
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meffin
authors.forename: Evgeni N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Sergeev
authors.forename: Iven M Y
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Mareels
authors.forename: Anthony N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Burkitt
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Grayden
mesh_terms: D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000502:physiology*; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009417:Nerve Tissue / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors