title: New functions and signaling mechanisms for the class of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors.
abstract: The class of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs), with 33 human homologs, is the second largest family of GPCRs. In addition to a seven-transmembrane α-helix-a structural feature of all GPCRs-the class of aGPCRs is characterized by the presence of a large N-terminal extracellular region. In addition, all aGPCRs but one (GPR123) contain a GPCR autoproteolysis-inducing (GAIN) domain that mediates autoproteolytic cleavage at the GPCR autoproteolysis site motif to generate N- and a C-terminal fragments (NTF and CTF, respectively) during protein maturation. Subsequently, the NTF and CTF are associated noncovalently as a heterodimer at the plasma membrane. While the biological function of the GAIN domain-mediated autocleavage is not fully understood, mounting evidence suggests that the NTF and CTF possess distinct biological activities in addition to their function as a receptor unit. We discuss recent advances in understanding the biological functions, signaling mechanisms, and disease associations of the aGPCRs.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Liebscher
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ackley
authors.forename: Demet
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Araç
authors.forename: Donna M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ariestanti
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aust
authors.forename: Byoung-il
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Bigyan R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Bista
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bridges
authors.forename: Joseph G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Duman
authors.forename: Felix B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giera
authors.forename: André M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Goffinet
authors.forename: Randy A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hamann
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: Hsi-Hsien
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Mingyao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mogha
authors.forename: Kelly R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Monk
authors.forename: Miriam C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prömel
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ressl
authors.forename: Helgi B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Schiöth
authors.forename: Séverine M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sigoillot
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: William S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Talbot
authors.forename: Gregory G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Tall
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wolfrum
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xianhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Piao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
keywords: adhesion G protein-coupled receptor; cancer; development; myelination; signal transduction; structural biology; synaptogenesis