title: Moxifloxacin is not anti-inflammatory in experimental pneumococcal pneumonia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anti-inflammatory functions of antibiotics may counteract deleterious hyperinflammation in pneumonia. Moxifloxacin reportedly exhibits immunomodulatory properties, but experimental evidence in pneumonia is lacking. Therefore, we investigated moxifloxacin in comparison with ampicillin regarding pneumonia-associated pulmonary and systemic inflammation and lung injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ex vivo infected human lung tissue and mice with pneumococcal pneumonia were examined regarding local inflammatory response and bacterial growth. In vivo, clinical course of the disease, leucocyte dynamics, pulmonary vascular permeability, lung pathology and systemic inflammation were investigated. In addition, transcellular electrical resistance of thrombin-stimulated endothelial cell monolayers was quantified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Moxifloxacin reduced cytokine production in TNF-α-stimulated, but not in pneumococci-infected, human lung tissue. In vivo, moxifloxacin treatment resulted in reduced bacterial load as compared with ampicillin, whereas inflammatory parameters and lung pathology were not different. Moxifloxacin-treated mice developed less pulmonary vascular permeability during pneumonia, but neither combination therapy with moxifloxacin and ampicillin in vivo nor examination of endothelial monolayer integrity in vitro supported direct barrier-stabilizing effects of moxifloxacin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current experimental data do not support the hypothesis that moxifloxacin exhibits potent anti-inflammatory properties in pneumococcal pneumonia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Müller-Redetzky
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wienhold
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Hocke
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hippenstiel
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hellwig
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gutbier
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Opitz
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neudecker
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rückert
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straße 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Gruber
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straße 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kershaw
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, German Lung Centre, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Klinikstraße 33, 35392 Gießen, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suttorp
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany martin.witzenrath@charite.de.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Witzenrath
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D011018:Pneumonia, Pneumococcal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000254:growth & development; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D000077266:Moxifloxacin
keywords: Streptococcus pneumoniae; acute lung injury; antibiotics; inflammation