title: Echinococcus granulosus infection reduces airway inflammation of mice likely through enhancing IL-10 and down-regulation of IL-5 and IL-17A.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a near cosmopolitan zoonosis caused by the larval stage of the dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. E. granulosus infection induces a polarized T-helper type 2 (Th2) systematic immune response in its intermediate hosts. However, it is not known whether the infection modulates lung inflammation by regulating local immune response. In this study, we examined the effects of E. granulosus infection on mouse ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model.
  
  
  METHODS
  BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally transplanted with 50 small E. granulosus cysts cultured in vitro. At 3 months post-inoculation, the mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). For histopathological studies, hematoxylin eosin and periodic acid schiff staining was used to examine the inflammatory cells infiltration and goblet cells hyperplasia, respectively. Cytokine levels were measured by mouse cytometric bead array (CBA) Kit and quantitative RT-PCR and other molecular biological approaches. Airway hyperresponsiveness was assessed in response to increasing doses of methacholine. Serum immunoglobulins were determined by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  E. granulosus infection significantly increased Th2 and Treg cytokine levels in serum and lung tissues, but down-regulated the expression of IL-5 in the lungs and IL-17A in serum and lung tissues of asthmatic mice sensitized and challenged with OVA. Histological staining of lung tissues showed that E. granulosus infection significantly reduced the severity of OVA-induced airway inflammation including reduction of eosinophil cell infiltration and mucus production. The E. granulosus infection also reduced eosinophil accumulation induced by OVA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and also ameliorated airway hyperresponsiveness, a hallmark symptom of asthma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  E. granulosus infection remarkably reduces the severity of OVA-induced airway inflammation likely through enhancing IL-10 and down-regulation of IL-5 and IL-17A.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China. wang_hui6319@sina.com.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China. junli88828@gmail.com.|Department of Immunology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China. junli88828@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China. 576250630@qq.com.
authors.forename: Hongwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology and Pathology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital affiliated with Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China. bilal1204@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Bilal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health statistics, School of Public Health Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China. 371381913@qq.com.
authors.forename: Jinfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Warrego Highway, Gatton, Qld, 4343, Australia. m.jones@uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Malcolm K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China. 1310109772@qq.com.
authors.forename: Kan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China. xx_sunnyxue@163.com.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China. 125305639@qq.com.
authors.forename: Haimei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Don.McManus@qimrberghofer.edu.au.
authors.forename: Donald P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: McManus
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China. renyong_lin@sina.com.
authors.forename: Renyong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China. dr.haowen@163.com.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China. wenbaozhang2013@163.com.
authors.forename: Wenbao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004443:Echinococcosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology*; D048209:Echinococcus granulosus; D004804:Eosinophils; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000633:toxicity; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000378:metabolism*; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
chemical_list: C556062:IL10 protein, mouse; D020381:Interleukin-17; D015848:Interleukin-5; D016753:Interleukin-10; D010047:Ovalbumin