title: Immobilization of Bacillus sp. in mesoporous activated carbon for degradation of sulphonated phenolic compound in wastewater.
abstract: Xenobiotic compounds are used in considerable quantities in leather industries besides natural organic and inorganic compounds. These compounds resist biological degradation and thus they remain in the treated wastewater in the unaltered molecular configurations. Immobilization of organisms in carrier matrices protects them from shock load application and from the toxicity of chemicals in bulk liquid phase. Mesoporous activated carbon (MAC) has been considered in the present study as the carrier matrix for the immobilization of Bacillus sp. isolated from Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) employed for the treatment of wastewater containing sulphonated phenolic (SP) compounds. Temperature, pH, concentration, particle size and mass of MAC were observed to influence the immobilization behavior of Bacillus sp. The percentage immobilization of Bacillus sp. was the maximum at pH 7.0, temperature 20 °C and at particle size 300 μm. Enthalpy, free energy and entropy of immobilization were -46.9 kJ mol(-1), -1.19 kJ mol(-1) and -161.36 JK(-1)mol(-1) respectively at pH 7.0, temperature 20 °C and particle size 300 μm. Higher values of ΔH(0) indicate the firm bonding of the Bacillus sp. in MAC. Degradation of aqueous sulphonated phenolic compound by Bacillus sp. immobilized in MAC followed pseudo first order rate kinetics with rate constant 1.12 × 10(-2) min(-1).
authors.affiliation: Environmental Technology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai-600 020, India. Electronic address: ganesansekaran@gmail.com.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sekaran
authors.affiliation: Environmental Technology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai-600 020, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karthikeyan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247 667, India; Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Environmental Technology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai-600 020, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boopathy
authors.affiliation: Environmental Technology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai-600 020, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maharaja
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001407:Bacillus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018914:Cells, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016062:Porosity; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013816:Thermodynamics; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D002606:Charcoal; D009584:Nitrogen; D010636:Phenols; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D062065:Wastewater