title: [Environmental pollution, climate variability and climate change: a review of health impacts on the Peruvian population].
abstract: This article is a review of the pollution of water, air and the effect of climate change on the health of the Peruvian population. A major air pollutant is particulate matter less than 2.5 μ (PM 2.5). In Lima, 2,300 premature deaths annually are attributable to this pollutant. Another problem is household air pollution by using stoves burning biomass fuels, where excessive indoor exposure to PM 2.5 inside the household is responsible for approximately 3,000 annual premature deaths among adults, with another unknown number of deaths among children due to respiratory infections. Water pollution is caused by sewage discharges into rivers, minerals (arsenic) from various sources, and failure of water treatment plants. In Peru, climate change may impact the frequency and severity of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which has been associated with an increase in cases of diseases such as cholera, malaria and dengue. Climate change increases the temperature and can extend the areas affected by vector-borne diseases, have impact on the availability of water and contamination of the air. In conclusion, Peru is going through a transition of environmental risk factors, where traditional and modern risks coexist and infectious and chronic problems remain, some of which are associated with problems of pollution of water and air.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones de la Altura, Lima, Perú
authors.forename: Gustavo F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Gonzales
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
authors.forename: Alisson
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zevallos
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones de la Altura, Lima, Perú
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gonzales-Castañeda
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
authors.forename: Denisse
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nuñez
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Perú
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gastañaga
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Perú
authors.forename: César
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cabezas
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Naeher
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Kyle
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Steenland
mesh_terms: D057231:Climate Change; D004777:Environment; D004782:Environmental Health; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D010568:Peru