title: Choroidal and cutaneous metastasis from urothelial carcinoma of the bladder after radical cystectomy: a case report and literature review.
abstract: Bladder cancer is the second most common genitourinary malignancy and has variable metastatic potential; however, choroidal and cutaneous metastases are extremely rare. Generally, a patient with these uncommon metastases has a very poor prognosis. We present a bladder cancer patient with a visual disorder in the right eye and multiple nodules on head and lower abdomen that developed 17 months after a radical cystectomy. These symptoms were determined to be caused by choroidal and cutaneous metastasis of bladder cancer. Although two cycles of combination chemotherapy were performed, the patient died 5 months after diagnosis of multiple metastases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Yozo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mitsui
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arichi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Keita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiraki
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigenobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hiraoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Organ Pathology Unit, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Organ Pathology Unit, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Riruke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8959-1817
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiina