title: Chromatographic fingerprinting analysis of Zhizhu Wan preparation by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula has been used for over 1000 years and most of them contain complicate chemical constituents. Chromatographic fingerprinting has been widely accepted as a crucial method for qualitative and quantitative analyses for TCM. Zhi Zhu Wan (ZZW), a classical Chinese medical formula, has been commonly used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disease, which pose a serious challenge to its quality control.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this work, a sensitive and reliable method of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA) was developed to control the quality of ZZW for chemical fingerprint analysis and quantitative analysis of four major bioactive constituents, including hesperidin, naringin, neohesperidin, and atractylenolide I. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters Symmetry C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm particle size), with an aqueous 0.095% phosphate acid and acetonitrile mobile phase gradient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Optimization of other experimental conditions was validated with satisfactory accuracy, precision, repeatability, and recovery. In quantitative analysis, the four components showed good regression (R > 0.9994) within test ranges, and the recovery method ranged from 99.32% to 100.630%. HPLC fingerprints of the ZZW samples were compared by performing similarity analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicated that the newly developed HPLC-PDA fingerprint method would be suitable for quality control of ZZW.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Key Laboratory of Chinmedomics, Key Pharmacometabolomic Platform of Chinese Medicines, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Key Laboratory of Chinmedomics, Key Pharmacometabolomic Platform of Chinese Medicines, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Key Laboratory of Chinmedomics, Key Pharmacometabolomic Platform of Chinese Medicines, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Aihua
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Key Laboratory of Chinmedomics, Key Pharmacometabolomic Platform of Chinese Medicines, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Key Laboratory of Chinmedomics, Key Pharmacometabolomic Platform of Chinese Medicines, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Jinzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Key Laboratory of Chinmedomics, Key Pharmacometabolomic Platform of Chinese Medicines, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Xijun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: Chromatographic fingerprinting; Zhizhu Wan; high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector; quality control; traditional Chinese medicine