title: Diabetes is associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increasing evidence suggests an association between diabetes and risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE); however, the results are inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all epidemiological evidence to clarify association of diabetes with risk of VTE.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE to retrieve all relevant articles. Pooled effect estimates were calculated through a random-effects model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen articles involving 803,627,121 participants and 10,429,227 VTE patients were included. Pooled analysis of all evidence suggested that diabetes was associated with increased risk of VTE (HR, 1.35; 95%CI, 1.17-1.55; p=2.92*10(-5)), with evidence of small-study effect (p=0.024) and heterogeneity (I(2)=87.1%, p<0.001). However, when analysis was restricted to high quality cohort studies, the association remained significantly (HR, 1.36; 95%CI 1.11-1.68; p=0.004), with no evidence of publication bias (p=0.192) and heterogeneity (I(2)=23.2%, p=0.245).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diabetes is associated with increased risk of VTE, which may have implications for the primary and secondary prevention of VTE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology of PLA 161 Hospital, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology of PLA 161 Hospital, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology of PLA 161 Hospital, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology of PLA 161 Hospital, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Xiangfeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology of PLA 161 Hospital, Wuhan 430030, China. Electronic address: wzq161@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Zhiquan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology of PLA 161 Hospital, Wuhan 430030, China. Electronic address: mzqy1967@tom.com.
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D018401:Sample Size; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000150:complications*
keywords: Diabetes; Meta-analysis; Venous thromboembolism