title: Physical and immunological aspects of exercise in chronic diseases.
abstract: Physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyles are believed to be independent risk factors for the occurrence of numerous diseases, including, obesity, Type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, cancer and mental health, all leading to substantial morbidity and/or premature death. It has been found that regular exercise, is associated with better quality of life and health outcomes, and reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Here, we review the effects regular exercise has on mental health and well-being, on the immune system and in cancer, cardiovascular disease, autoimmunity and metabolic syndrome. Is exercise the new immunotherapy to treat diseases?
authors.affiliation: Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention & Management, College of Health & Biomedicine, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia.
authors.forename: Vasso
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Apostolopoulos
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Borkoles
authors.forename: Remco
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Polman
authors.forename: Lily
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stojanovska
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000276:immunology
keywords: cancer; chronic diseases; exercise; immune status; immunity; immunotherapy; inflammation; physical activity