title: Clinicopathological analysis of colorectal carcinoid tumors and patient outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Colorectal carcinoid tumors are often described as being low-grade malignant. The objective of the current study was to address the clinicopathological features and outcomes of patients with colorectal carcinoid tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 63 patients with colorectal carcinoid tumors were identified and evaluated using surgical pathology files and medical records between January 2000 and June 2012 at the Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age of the 63 patients was 57.0 years; 38 (60.3%) were male and 25 (39.7%) female. The rectum was the most common tumor site (90.5%). Tumor size was 10.8±7.4 mm, ranging from 2 to 50 mm in diameter. There were 40 patients (63.5%) who received endoscopic treatment for a tumor size of 7.7±4.0 mm, 15 (23.8%) who underwent transanal excision for a mean size of 9.2±4.5 mm and eight (12.7%) who underwent radical surgical resection (mean size: 29.5±13.0 mm). Lymph node metastasis was significantly associated with tumor size. Totally distant metastases (liver) were demonstrated in four (6.3%), patients with mean tumor size of 31.3±9.4 mm (20 to 50 mm). The extent of the disease was associated with survival and the five-year overall survival rate was 92.1%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With widespread colorectal cancer screening, heightened awareness and improved diagnostic modalities, the incidence of colorectal carcinoid tumors will continue to increase. We demonstrated that small-sized colorectal carcinoid tumors and those localized in the mucosa or submucosa may be safely and effectively removed via endoscopic or transanal local excision.
authors.forename: Hung-Hsin
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jen-Kou
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jeng-Kai
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Chun-Chi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yuan-Tzu
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: Shung-Haur
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Huann-Sheng
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wei-Shone
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Tzu-Chen
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Wen-Yih
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No 201, Sec, 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei 11217, Taiwan. changsc@vghtpe.gov.tw.
authors.forename: Shih-Ching
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate