title: Ketamine-an update on its clinical uses and abuses.
abstract: This review highlights the recent clinical research that supports the therapeutic utility of ketamine as a multifaceted drug. After long-term use as a dissociative anesthetic, it has re-emerged as a useful agent for ameliorating pain, asthmaticus, and depression. In addition, it is also a substance of abuse. Chronic ketamine abuse over prolonged periods (weeks, months, and years) can produce toxicity to the gastrointestinal and urinary tract. In this review, we described the recent progress on its clinical uses and abuses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Hai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lei
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007649:Ketamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D007649:Ketamine
keywords: Abuse; Antidepressant; Asthmaticus; Ketamine