title: A pilot study on total, corneal, and internal aberrations in insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the distribution of total, corneal, and internal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in both insulin-dependent (IDDM) and non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM) diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pilot study including seven patients with IDDM (14 eyes) and 11 patients with NIDDM (22 eyes). Ocular HOAs were examined using ray tracing aberrometry (i-Trace, Tracey Technologies Corp., Houston, TX) and the measurements of anterior segment using Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam, Oculus Inc. Germany).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total HOAs was slightly higher in IDDM (0.634 ± 0.228 μm, 95% IC ± 0.131) than in NIDDM patients (0.527 ± 0.245 μm, 95% IC ± 0.108) (p = 0.267). The greatest contributor for total ocular HOAs was internal vertical coma (Z3 (- 1)) for both diabetic groups. In NIDDM, age and central corneal thickness (CCT) were correlated with total HOAs (p < 0.001, p = 0.0180 respectively); however, anterior chamber volume (ACV) was inversely correlated with total HOAs (p = 0.019). In IDDM, total HOAs were correlated with posterior asphericity (Q) (p = 0.002) and inversely correlated with ageing (p = 0.013).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diabetic patients showed high values of total and internal vertical coma (Z3 (- 1)). There might be a role for optical quality measurements in monitoring changes due to DM.
authors.affiliation: Optometry Research Group, Department of Optics, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Calvo-Maroto
authors.forename: Rafael J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Pérez-Cambrodí
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: García-Lázaro
authors.forename: César
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Albarrán-Diego
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cerviño
mesh_terms: D057128:Aberrometry; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000869:Anterior Eye Segment / Q000473:pathology*; D019781:Corneal Topography; D057108:Corneal Wavefront Aberration / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology