title: Effects in cigarette smoke stimulated bronchial epithelial cells of a corticosteroid entrapped into nanostructured lipid carriers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nanomedicine studies have showed a great potential for drug delivery into the lung. In this manuscript nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) containing Fluticasone propionate (FP) were prepared and their biocompatibility and effects in a human bronchial epithelial cell line (16-HBE) stimulated with cigarette smoke extracts (CSE) were tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Biocompatibility studies showed that the NLC did not induce cell necrosis or apoptosis. Moreover, it was confirmed that CSE increased intracellular ROS production and TLR4 expression in bronchial epithelial cells and that FP-loaded NLC were more effective than free drug in modulating these processes. Finally, the nanoparticles increased GSH levels improving cell protection against oxidative stress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study shows that NLC may be considered a promising strategy to improve corticosteroid mediated effects in cellular models associated to corticosteroid resistance. The NLC containing FP can be considered good systems for dosage forms useful for increasing the effectiveness of fluticasone decreasing its side effects.
authors.affiliation: Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati- U.O.S. di Palermo-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-via Ugo La Malfa, 153 90146, Palermo, Italy. marialuisa.bondi@ismn.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Maria Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bondì
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - via Ugo La Malfa, 153 90146, Palermo, Italy. ferraro@ibim.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferraro
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - via Ugo La Malfa, 153 90146, Palermo, Italy. divincenzo@ibim.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di Vincenzo
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - via Ugo La Malfa, 153 90146, Palermo, Italy. gerbino@ibim.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gerbino
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers-Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo -via Archirafi, 32-90123, Palermo, Italy. gennara.cavallaro@unipa.it.
authors.forename: Gennara
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cavallaro
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers-Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo -via Archirafi, 32-90123, Palermo, Italy. gaetano.giammona@unipa.it.
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giammona
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers-Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo -via Archirafi, 32-90123, Palermo, Italy. chiara.botto@unipa.it.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Botto
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - via Ugo La Malfa, 153 90146, Palermo, Italy. gjomarkaj@ibim.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gjomarkaj
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - via Ugo La Malfa, 153 90146, Palermo, Italy. pace@ibim.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pace
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001980:Bronchi / Q000166:cytology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D000068298:Fluticasone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D008055:Lipids; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D000068298:Fluticasone; D005978:Glutathione