title: Individual risk factors of the metabolic syndrome in adult patients with growth hormone deficiency--a cross-sectional case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Growth hormone deficiency in adults (GHDA) is considered to be associated with increased cardiovascular risk, most commonly reflected by the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS). However, there are still a limited number of studies comparing directly the MS prevalence in GHD patients to that in general population. The aim of this study was to investigate the individual risk factors of the MS in a cohort of GHD patients and to compare its prevalence with an age- and sex-matched control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 54 adult patients with GHD (childhood onset GHD (COGHD): n=19, adult onset GHD (AOGHD): n=35) and 2 153 control subjects were studied. GHD was diagnosed according to the Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline recommendations from 2011 and MS was scored by the NCEP-ATP III definition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main metabolic abnormalities in GHD group were increased waist circumference (50.0%), low HDL-cholesterol (42.6%) and hypertriglyceridemia (40.7%) and their prevalence was significantly higher (p=0.013, p=0.019 and p=0.010, respectively) than in control group, where increased blood pressure prevailed (64.2%, p<0.0001). However, the difference in the MS prevalence between the 2 groups (29.6% vs. 24.9% in controls) failed to reach statistical significance (p=0.429). Patients with MS from both groups did not differ significantly in their metabolic profile (except for increased blood pressure), mean age and gender distribution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although GHDA was associated with the development of visceral obesity and dyslipidemia, these adverse cardiovascular risk factors did not determine a higher prevalence of the MS in Bulgarian GHD patients compared to control subjects. Furthermore, the individual risk factors of the MS did not significantly differ between patients with MS from both groups.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Centre of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Uzunova
authors.affiliation: Clinical Centre of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kirilov
authors.affiliation: Clinical Centre of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zacharieva
authors.affiliation: Clinical Centre of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shinkov
authors.affiliation: Clinical Centre of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: A-M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Borissova
authors.affiliation: New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kalinov
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000172:deficiency*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D019382:Human Growth Hormone