title: Effect of zirconium oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles on physicochemical properties and antibiofilm activity of a calcium silicate-based material.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibiofilm activity against Enterococcus faecalis, compressive strength. and radiopacity of Portland cement (PC) added to zirconium oxide (ZrO2), as radiopacifier, with or without nanoparticulated zinc oxide (ZnO). The following experimental materials were evaluated: PC, PC + ZrO2, PC + ZrO2 + ZnO (5%), and PC + ZrO2 + ZnO (10%). Antibiofilm activity was analyzed by using direct contact test (DCT) on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm, for 5 h or 15 h. The analysis was conducted by using the number of colony-forming units (CFU/mL). The compressive strength was performed in a mechanical testing machine. For the radiopacity tests, the specimens were radiographed together with an aluminium stepwedge. The results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests, with level of significance at 5%. The results showed that all materials presented similar antibiofilm activity (P > 0.05). The addition of nanoparticulated ZnO decreased the compressive strength of PC. All materials presented higher radiopacity than pure PC. It can be concluded that the addition of ZrO2 and ZnO does not interfere with the antibiofilm activity and provides radiopacity to Portland cement. However, the presence of ZnO (5% or 10%) significantly decreased the compressive strength of the materials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá 1680, P.O. Box 331, 14.801-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliane Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Guerreiro-Tanomaru
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá 1680, P.O. Box 331, 14.801-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adinael
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trindade-Junior
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá 1680, P.O. Box 331, 14.801-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bernardo Cesar
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá 1680, P.O. Box 331, 14.801-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Guilherme Ferreira
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá 1680, P.O. Box 331, 14.801-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Drullis Cifali
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Inês
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Basso Bernardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá 1680, P.O. Box 331, 14.801-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2574-4706
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanomaru-Filho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D019245:Compressive Strength / Q000187:drug effects; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007180:Incisor / Q000601:surgery; D008422:Materials Testing; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003287:Contrast Media; D003738:Dental Cements; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide; C031293:calcium silicate; D015034:Zinc Oxide