title: Rationale and design of the Measuring Athlete's Risk of Cardiovascular events (MARC) study : The role of coronary CT in the cardiovascular evaluation of middle-aged sportsmen.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  More than 90 % of exercise-related cardiac arrests occur in men, predominantly those aged 45 years and older with coronary artery disease (CAD) as the main cause. The current sports medical evaluation (SME) of middle-aged recreational athletes consists of a medical history, physical examination, and resting and exercise electrocardiography. Coronary CT (CCT) provides a minimally invasive low radiation dose opportunity to image the coronary arteries. We present the study protocol of the Measuring Athlete's Risk of Cardiovascular events (MARC) study. MARC aims to assess the additional value of CCT to a routine SME in asymptomatic sportsmen ≥45 years without known CAD.
  
  
  METHODS
  MARC is a prospective study of 300 asymptomatic sportsmen ≥45 years who will undergo CCT if the SME does not reveal any cardiac abnormalities. The prevalence and determinants of CAD (coronary artery calcium score ≥100 Agatston Units (AU) or ≥50 % luminal stenosis) will be reported. The number needed to screen to prevent the occurrence of one cardiovascular event in the next 5 years, conditional to adequate treatment, will be estimated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We aim to determine the prevalence and severity of CAD and the additional value of CCT in asymptomatic middle-aged (≥45 years) sportsmen whose routine SME revealed no cardiac abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands, thijsbraber@gmail.com.
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Braber
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mosterd
authors.forename: N H J
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Prakken
authors.forename: P A F M
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Doevendans
authors.forename: W P Th M
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Mali
authors.forename: F J G
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Backx
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Grobbee
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rienks
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Nathoe
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bots
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Velthuis