title: Clinical efficacy of tinnitus retraining therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy in the treatment of subjective tinnitus: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to compare the outcomes of two frequently employed interventions for the management of tinnitus: tinnitus retraining therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of literature published up to and including February 2013 was performed. Only randomised control trials and studies involving only human participants were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine high-quality studies evaluating the efficacy of tinnitus retraining therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy were identified. Of these, eight assessed cognitive behavioural therapy relative to a no-treatment control and one compared tinnitus retraining therapy to tinnitus masking therapy. Each study used a variety of standardised and validated questionnaires. Outcome measures were heterogeneous, but both therapies resulted in significant improvements in quality of life scores. Depression scores improved with cognitive behavioural therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both cognitive behavioural therapy and tinnitus retraining therapy are effective for tinnitus, with neither therapy being demonstrably superior. Further research using standardised, validated questionnaires is needed so that objective comparisons can be made.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology,School of Medicine, College of Medicine,Dentistry and Nursing,Ninewells Hospital and Medical School,Dundee,Scotland,UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grewal
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology,School of Medicine, College of Medicine,Dentistry and Nursing,Ninewells Hospital and Medical School,Dundee,Scotland,UK.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Spielmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology,School of Medicine, College of Medicine,Dentistry and Nursing,Ninewells Hospital and Medical School,Dundee,Scotland,UK.
authors.forename: S E M
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology,School of Medicine, College of Medicine,Dentistry and Nursing,Ninewells Hospital and Medical School,Dundee,Scotland,UK.
authors.forename: S S M
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hussain
mesh_terms: D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*