title: Hypertension, cardiovascular risk factors and antihypertensive medication utilisation among HIV-infected individuals in Rakai, Uganda.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of hypertension, elevated blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors among HIV-positive individuals in rural Rakai District, Uganda.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed 426 HIV-positive individuals in Rakai, Uganda from 2007 to 2010. Prevalence of hypertension and elevated blood pressure assessed by clinical measurement was compared to clinician-recorded hypertension in case report forms. Multiple logistic regression and z-tests were used to examine the association of hypertension and elevated blood pressure with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), CD4 cell count and antiretroviral treatment (ART) use. For individuals on antihypertensives, medication utilisation was reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of hypertension (two elevated blood pressure readings at different time points) was 8.0% (95% CI: 5.4-10.6%), and that of elevated blood pressure (one elevated blood pressure reading) was 26.3% (95% CI: 22.1-30.5%). Age ≥50 years and higher BMI were positively associated with elevated blood pressure. ART use, time on ART and CD4 cell count were not associated with hypertension. Eighty-three percent of subjects diagnosed with hypertension were on antihypertensive medications, most commonly beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypertension is common among HIV-positive individuals in rural Uganda.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Laura D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Sander
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Newell
authors.forename: Paschal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ssebbowa
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Serwadda
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: Ronald H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Maria J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wawer
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mondo
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reynolds
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014454:Uganda / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents
keywords: HIV; Ouganda; Rakai; Uganda; VIH; hypertension prevalence; prevalencia de hipertensión; prévalence de l'hypertension; traitement; tratamiento; treatment