title: Oral magnesium supplementation in type II diabetic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Magnesium is the second most abundant intracellular cation. It plays an important role in insulin homeostasis and glucose metabolism through multiple enzymatic reactions. With increasing data on magnesium deficiency in diabetic patients and epidemiological studies demonstrating magnesium deficiency as a risk factor for diabetes, it is logical to search for its possible beneficial effects on diabetes control and prevention. We aimed to determine whether oral magnesium supplementation improves metabolic control, lipid profile and blood pressure in patients with type II diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty four patients with type II diabetes were included in a randomized double blind placebocontrolled clinical trial.Patients received either placebo or 300 mg elemental magnesium (as magnesium sulfate -MgSo4-) daily, for 3 months. Metabolic control, lipid profile, blood pressure, magnesium status, hepatic enzymes, hemoglobin concentration, and anthropometric indices were determined in the beginning and at the end of the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Daily administration of 300 mg elemental magnesium for 3 months, significantly improved fasting blood glucose (183.9±15.43 to 125.8±6.52 vs. 196.5±28.12 to 136.5±7.94, p< 0.0001), 2-hour post prandial glucose (239.1±74.75 to 189.1±60mg/dl vs. 246.4±97.37 to 247.8±86.74mg/dl, p< 0.01), lipid profile, blood pressure and hepatic enzymes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral magnesium supplementation with proper dosage has beneficial effects on blood glucose, lipid profile, and blood pressure in patients with type II diabetes.
authors.affiliation: 1. Assistant Professor (Endocrinologist), Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. msolati@hums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mehrdad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Solati
authors.affiliation: 2. MD, General practitioner, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. elhamouspid@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Elham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ouspid
authors.affiliation: 3. MD, General practitioner, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. drsaideh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Saeedeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.affiliation: 4. PhD, Associated Professor, Department of Physiology, Faculty of medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences and Cardiovascular Research Center for Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. neptun.soltani@gmail.com , nsoltani@hums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Nepton
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Soltani
authors.affiliation: 5. MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mansoor
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keshavarz
authors.affiliation: 6. Assistant Professor (Pathologist), Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. mdehghanei@hums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dehghani
keywords: Blood glucose; Blood pressure; Diabetes; Lipid profile; Magnesium