title: The genetic architecture of climatic adaptation of tropical cattle.
abstract: Adaptation of global food systems to climate change is essential to feed the world. Tropical cattle production, a mainstay of profitability for farmers in the developing world, is dominated by heat, lack of water, poor quality feedstuffs, parasites, and tropical diseases. In these systems European cattle suffer significant stock loss, and the cross breeding of taurine x indicine cattle is unpredictable due to the dilution of adaptation to heat and tropical diseases. We explored the genetic architecture of ten traits of tropical cattle production using genome wide association studies of 4,662 animals varying from 0% to 100% indicine. We show that nine of the ten have genetic architectures that include genes of major effect, and in one case, a single location that accounted for more than 71% of the genetic variation. One genetic region in particular had effects on parasite resistance, yearling weight, body condition score, coat colour and penile sheath score. This region, extending 20 Mb on BTA5, appeared to be under genetic selection possibly through maintenance of haplotypes by breeders. We found that the amount of genetic variation and the genetic correlations between traits did not depend upon the degree of indicine content in the animals. Climate change is expected to expand some conditions of the tropics to more temperate environments, which may impact negatively on global livestock health and production. Our results point to several important genes that have large effects on adaptation that could be introduced into more temperate cattle without detrimental effects on productivity.
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Food Futures Flagship, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia; CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Science, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Laercio R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Porto-Neto
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Food Futures Flagship, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia; CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Science, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reverter
authors.affiliation: Zoetis Incorporated, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Kishore C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Prayaga
authors.affiliation: Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Eva K F
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.affiliation: Cobb-Vantress Inc., Siloam Springs, Arizona, United States of America.
authors.forename: Rachel J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hawken
authors.affiliation: Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Geoffry
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fordyce
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria de Araçatuba, (UNESP) Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jose Fernando
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Tad S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Sonstegard
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Industries Victoria, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Sunduimijid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bolormaa
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Industries Victoria, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Goddard
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Science, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Heather M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Burrow
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Food Futures Flagship, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia; CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Science, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Henshall
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Food Futures Flagship, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia; CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Science, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Sigrid A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lehnert
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Science, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Barendse
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics*; D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding / Q000379:methods; D002417:Cattle / Q000235:genetics*; D057231:Climate Change; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005787:Gene Frequency; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016678:Genome / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D019655:Quantitative Trait, Heritable; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D014329:Tropical Climate