title: First- versus second-generation electronic cigarettes: predictors of choice and effects on urge to smoke and withdrawal symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To (1) estimate predictors of first- versus second-generation electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) choice; and (2) determine whether a second-generation device was (i) superior for reducing urge to smoke and withdrawal symptoms (WS) and (ii) associated with enhanced positive subjective effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mixed-effects experimental design. Phase 1: reason for e-cigarette choice was assessed via questionnaire. Phase 2: participants were allocated randomly to first- or second-generation e-cigarette condition. Urge to smoke and WS were measured before and 10 minutes after taking 10 e-cigarette puffs.
  
  
  METHODS
  University of East London, UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 97 smokers (mean age 26; standard deviation 8.7; 54% female).
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-item urge to smoke scale to assess craving and the Mood and Physical Symptoms Scale (MPSS) to assess WS. Subjective effects included: satisfaction, hit, 'felt like smoking' and 'would use to stop smoking' (yes versus no response).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Equal numbers chose each device, but none of the predictor variables (gender, age, tobacco dependence, previous e-cigarette use) accounted for choice. Only baseline urge to smoke/WS predicted urge to smoke/WS 10 minutes after use (B =0.38; P <0.001 and B =0.53; P <0.001). E-cigarette device was not a significant predictor. Those using the second-generation device were more likely to report satisfaction and use in a quit attempt (χ(2)  = 12.10, P =0.001 and χ(2)  = 5.53, P =0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  First- and second-generation electronic cigarettes appear to be similarly effective in reducing urges to smoke during abstinence, but second-generation devices appear to be more satisfying to users.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of East London, Water Lane, Stratford, London, E15 4LZ.
authors.forename: Lynne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dawkins
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kimber
authors.forename: Yasothani
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Puwanesarasa
authors.forename: Kirstie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Soar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002755:Choice Behavior; D066249:Craving; D066300:Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D057240:Patient Preference; D012907:Smoking; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D009538:Nicotine
keywords: ENDS; Electronic cigarette; urge to smoke; withdrawal symptoms