title: Randomized comparison of postoperative short-term and mid-term complications between T-tube and primary closure after CBD exploration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the postoperative short-term and mid-term complications in patients who underwent CBD exploration and closure by using T-tube or primary closure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective randomized clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hepatobiliary Department of First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China, from August 2009 to March 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 148 consecutive patients with Common Bile Duct Stones (CBDS) and CBD dilation were enrolled in this randomized study to undergo open cholecystectomy with CBD exploration. Pre-operative findings, postoperative short-term complications, postoperative follow-up (mid-term), and hospital stay were recorded and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A T-tube was inserted in 76 (51.35%) patients and the primary closure was done in 72 (48.64%) patients. There were no differences in the demographic characteristics and clinical presentations between the two groups. Compared with the T-tube group 8.97 ± 1.629 days, the postoperative stay in primary closure 5.34 ± 1.25 days was significantly shorter (p < 0.01). The incidence of overall postoperative short-term complications and mid-term complications were statistically but not significantly lower in the primary closure group (9.7%) than that in T-tube group (17.10%, p=0.189).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complications in the primary closure group were lower than that in T-tube group but there was no significant statistical difference. So during open surgery for CBD stones, primary closure of CBD appeared safe and effective with shorter hospital stays and less complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary and Hydatid Diseases, Digestive and Vascular Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China.
authors.forename: Iqbal
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Muzaffar
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary and Hydatid Diseases, Digestive and Vascular Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China.
authors.forename: Pai
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zula
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary and Hydatid Diseases, Digestive and Vascular Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China.
authors.forename: Yusp
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yimit
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary and Hydatid Diseases, Digestive and Vascular Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China.
authors.forename: Ajim Tuergan
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Jaan
authors.affiliation: Departments of Molecular Pathology, Dow Diagnostic Research and Reference Laboratory, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wen
mesh_terms: D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D002763:Cholecystectomy; D003135:Common Bile Duct / Q000601:surgery*; D004322:Drainage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D042882:Gallstones / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome