title: Treatment of antibody-mediated rejection in renal transplant patients: a clinical practice survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Preferences for the testing and treatment of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in renal transplant patients vary among programs and individual practitioners. The description of these preferences and identification of commonalities can contribute to creating a standard of care.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey was distributed through the Transplant Listserv of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) and via email to members of the American Society of Transplantation Community of Pharmacy (AST CoP), collected, and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most clinicians (26/28) test for donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) when evaluating a patient with possible AMR. Treatments for AMR varied widely among responding clinicians and included intravenous immune globulin (IVIG, n = 25), plasmapheresis (n = 24), rituximab (n = 8), bortezomib (n = 4), rabbit antithymocyte globulin (n = 2), and eculizumab (n = 1). Weight-based dosing of IVIG averaged 1.8 g/kg total dose. Six centers use rituximab as initial therapy, while two use rituximab if other therapy fails. Four centers use bortezomib as initial therapy, while two centers use it for severe/persistent AMR. One center uses eculizumab as initial therapy and one center uses it for severe AMR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Methods for the detection of AMR are similar, yet treatment of AMR varies widely. Most centers utilize DSA for detection and a combination of IVIG and plasmapheresis for treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Saint Luke's Hospital of Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: Naaseha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Amir
authors.forename: Alaina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asbury
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Hardinger
mesh_terms: D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007518:Isoantibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D010956:Plasmapheresis / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007518:Isoantibodies
keywords: humoral rejection; intravenous immunoglobulin; kidney; rituximab