title: Chikungunya virus-vector interactions.
abstract: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that causes chikungunya fever, a severe, debilitating disease that often produces chronic arthralgia. Since 2004, CHIKV has emerged in Africa, Indian Ocean islands, Asia, Europe, and the Americas, causing millions of human infections. Central to understanding CHIKV emergence is knowledge of the natural ecology of transmission and vector infection dynamics. This review presents current understanding of CHIKV infection dynamics in mosquito vectors and its relationship to human disease emergence. The following topics are reviewed: CHIKV infection and vector life history traits including transmission cycles, genetic origins, distribution, emergence and spread, dispersal, vector competence, vector immunity and microbial interactions, and co-infection by CHIKV and other arboviruses. The genetics of vector susceptibility and host range changes, population heterogeneity and selection for the fittest viral genomes, dual host cycling and its impact on CHIKV adaptation, viral bottlenecks and intrahost diversity, and adaptive constraints on CHIKV evolution are also discussed. The potential for CHIKV re-emergence and expansion into new areas and prospects for prevention via vector control are also briefly reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Center for Vectorborne Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. lcoffey@ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: Lark L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Coffey
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France. anna-bella.failloux@pasteur.fr.
authors.forename: Anna-Bella
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Failloux
authors.affiliation: Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA. sweaver@utmb.edu.
authors.forename: Scott C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Weaver
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D065632:Chikungunya Fever / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D002646:Chikungunya virus / Q000502:physiology*; D009033:Culicidae / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*