title: [99mTc]Annexin V-128 SPECT Monitoring of Splenic and Disseminated Listeriosis in Mice: a Model of Imaging Sepsis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Here, we evaluate [(99m)Tc]annexin V-128, an in vivo marker of apoptosis, for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of localization and antibiotic treatment of disseminated bacterial infection, using a well-described mouse model that employs bioluminescent Listeria monocytogenes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen groups of five mice in six separate experiments were infected with bioluminescent Listeria, and in vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI) was performed each day, to assess the location and extent of infection and response to antibiotics. [(99m)Tc]annexin V-128 was then injected for SPECT imaging, and the two sets of images were correlated and validated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Signals from BLI and [(99m)Tc]annexin V-128 SPECT co-localized within the spleen and other organs including bone marrow, intestine, nasopharynx, and brain. Decreases in [(99m)Tc]annexin V-128 uptake and BLI signal within the spleen directly reflected the reduction of bacterial infection by ampicillin treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tc-99m-Annexin V-128 uptake as observed by SPECT allowed for the detection of systemic listeriosis and ampicillin treatment in mice. [(99m)Tc]annexin V-128 should be further explored for the assessment of bacterial spread and antibiotic efficacy in patients with disseminated bacterial infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, E150 Clark Center MC 5427, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA, jonhardy@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Jonathan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: Zoia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Levashova
authors.forename: Tobi L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Christopher H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Contag
authors.forename: Francis G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Blankenberg
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005260:Female; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity; D008088:Listeriosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D051379:Mice; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000737:chemistry; D018805:Sepsis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013154:Spleen / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000382:microbiology; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C417036:technetium Tc 99m annexin V; D000667:Ampicillin