title: Gene duplication of type-B ARR transcription factors systematically extends transcriptional regulatory structures in Arabidopsis.
abstract: Many of duplicated genes are enriched in signaling pathways. Recently, gene duplication of kinases has been shown to provide genetic buffering and functional diversification in cellular signaling. Transcription factors (TFs) are also often duplicated. However, how duplication of TFs affects their regulatory structures and functions of target genes has not been explored at the systems level. Here, we examined regulatory and functional roles of duplication of three major ARR TFs (ARR1, 10, and 12) in Arabidopsis cytokinin signaling using wild-type and single, double, and triple deletion mutants of the TFs. Comparative analysis of gene expression profiles obtained from Arabidopsis roots in wild-type and these mutants showed that duplication of ARR TFs systematically extended their transcriptional regulatory structures, leading to enhanced robustness and diversification in functions of target genes, as well as in regulation of cellular networks of target genes. Therefore, our results suggest that duplication of TFs contributes to robustness and diversification in functions of target genes by extending transcriptional regulatory structures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Do Young
authors.initials: do Y
authors.lastname: Hyeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ll Hwan
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Su Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seungmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: In Chul
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 1] School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea [2] Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea [3] Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science &Technology (DGIST), Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Daehee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: 1] Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea [2] Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science &Technology (DGIST), Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hong Gil
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Nam
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020440:Gene Duplication / Q000235:genetics*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors