title: Optimal parameters for final position of teeth in space closure in case of a missing upper lateral incisor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to provide clinical indications for the correct management of appliances in space closure treatment of patients with agenesis of the upper lateral incisors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Virtual setup for space closure was performed in 30 patients with upper lateral incisor agenesis. Tip, torque and in-out values were measured and compared with those of previous authors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the upper dentition, the tip values were comparable to those described by Andrews (Am J Orthod 62(3):296-309, 1972), except for at the first premolars, which require a greater tip, and the first molars, a lesser tip. The torque values showed no differences except for at the canines, where it was greater, and the in-out values were between those reported by Andrews and those by Watanabe et al. (The Shikwa Gakuho 96:209-222, 1996) (except for U3 and U4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The following prescriptions are advisable: tip 5°, torque 8° and in-out 2.5 for U1; tip 9°, torque 3° and in-out 3.25 for U3; tip 10°, torque -8° and in-out 3.75 for U4; and tip 5°, torque -8° and in-out 4 for U5. Andrews' prescription is suitable for the lower jaw, except for at L6. It is also advisable to execute selective grinding (1.33±0.5 mm) and extrusion (0.68±0.23 mm) on the upper canine during treatment, and the first premolar requires some intrusion (0.56±0.30 mm).
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate School of Orthodontics, Ferrara University, Via Montebello, 31, Ferrara 44121, Italy. lulombardo@tiscali.it.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lombardo
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Ercole
authors.forename: Michele Carmelo
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Latini
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Siciliani
mesh_terms: D000848:Anodontia / Q000628:therapy*; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000473:pathology; D003481:Cuspid / Q000473:pathology; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000473:pathology; D019243:Enamel Microabrasion / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D007180:Incisor / Q000002:abnormalities*; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology*; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D019516:Orthodontic Space Closure / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000379:methods; D019415:Torque; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D055815:Young Adult