title: Effects of stellate ganglion block on the peri-operative vasomotor cytokine content and intrapulmonary shunt in patients with esophagus cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of stellate ganglion block (SGB) on the peri-operative vasomotor cytokine content and intrapulmonary shunt in patients with esophagus cancer who underwent thoracotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients undergoing elective resection of esophageal cancer patients who had I~II American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) were randomly divided into total intravenous anesthesia group (group N, n=20) and total intravenous anesthesia combined with SGB group (group S, n=20, 0.12 mL/kg 1% lidocaine was used for SGB 10 min before induction). Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP) and continuous cardiac output (CCO) were continuously monitored. The blood from internal jugular vein was drawn respectively before induction (T0), and 30 min (T1), 60 min (T2) and 120 min (T3) after one-lung ventilation (OLV), and 30 min (T4) after two-lung ventilation. The contents of plasma endothelin (ET), nitric oxide (NO) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were detected with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Meanwhile, arterial and mixed venous blood samples were collected for determination of blood gas and calculation of intrapulmonary shunt fraction (Qs/Qt).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During OLV, ET contents were increased significantly in two groups (P<0.05), and no significant difference was presented (P>0.05). NO content in group S was obviously higher than in group N at T3 (P<0.05), whereas CGRP content in group N was markedly lower than in group S at each time point (P<0.05). Qs/Qt was significantly increased in both groups after OLV, but there was no statistical significant regarding the Qs/Qt at each time point between two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Total intravenous anesthesia combined with SGB is conducive to regulation of perioperative vasomotor cytokines in thoracotomy, and has little effect on intrapulmonary shunt at the time of OLV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New District, Shanghai, China E-mail : jianrguo@126.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Xiao-Ju
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jian-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Da-Wei
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jiang-Rong
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D016232:Endothelins / Q000097:blood; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation / Q000187:drug effects; D013233:Stellate Ganglion / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013908:Thoracotomy / Q000379:methods; D014666:Vasomotor System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D016207:Cytokines; D016232:Endothelins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008012:Lidocaine; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide