title: Surgical management of cavernous malformation of the optic nerve with canalicular extension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cavernous malformations arising in a single optic nerves paring the chiasm (intracranial prechiasmatic optic nerve) and expanding into the optic canal are extremely rare lesions. Published series or case reports regarding the surgical removal of these vascular malformations within this specific location are scarce.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present the first case to be published, of an intracranial optic nerve cavernous malformation with a contiguous canalicular component that was totally and successfully removed through a microsurgical pterional approach with excellent clinical outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pathology should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of optic neuropathy and visual loss. Early detection and surgical proposal are mandatory, warranting the prevention of permanent damage to visual pathways. Radical resection is challenging, but usually curative and associated with favorable visual outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Lusíadas Hospital, Rua Abílio Mendes, 1500-458 Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Vítor M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Lusíadas Hospital, Rua Abílio Mendes, 1500-458 Lisbon, Portugal ; Institute of Physiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
keywords: Cavernous malformation; cranial nerve; operative technique; optic canal unroofing; optic nerve; optic pathway