title: Coronavirus nonstructural protein 1: Common and distinct functions in the regulation of host and viral gene expression.
abstract: The recent emergence of two highly pathogenic human coronaviruses (CoVs), severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV, has ignited a strong interest in the identification of viral factors that determine the virulence and pathogenesis of CoVs. The nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) of CoVs has attracted considerable attention in this regard as a potential virulence factor and a target for CoV vaccine development because of accumulating evidence that point to its role in the downregulation of host innate immune responses to CoV infection. Studies have revealed both functional conservation and mechanistic divergence among the nsp1 of different mammalian CoVs in perturbing host gene expression and antiviral responses. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the biological functions of CoV nsp1 that provides an insight into the novel strategies utilized by this viral protein to modulate host and viral gene expression during CoV infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555-1019, United States. Electronic address: krnaraya@utmb.edu.
authors.forename: Krishna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Narayanan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555-1019, United States. Electronic address: syiramir@utmb.edu.
authors.forename: Sydney I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555-1019, United States. Electronic address: kglokuga@utmb.edu.
authors.forename: Kumari G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Lokugamage
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555-1019, United States. Electronic address: shmakino@utmb.edu.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Makino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017934:Coronavirus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D008322:Mammals; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014774:Virulence; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins; D037521:Virulence Factors
keywords: Coronavirus; Nsp1; RNA viruses; SARS; Translation inhibition; mRNA cleavage