title: Layered growth of crayfish gastrolith: about the stability of amorphous calcium carbonate and role of additives.
abstract: Previous studies on pre-molt gastroliths have shown a typical onion-like morphology of layers of amorphous mineral (mostly calcium carbonate) and chitin, resulting from the continuous deposition and densification of amorphous mineral spheres on a chitin-matrix during time. To investigate the consequences of this layered growth on the local structure and composition of the gastrolith, we performed spatially-resolved Raman, X-ray and SEM-EDS analysis on complete pre-molt gastrolith cross-sections. Results show that especially the abundance of inorganic phosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)/citrate and proteins is not uniform throughout the organ but changes from layer to layer. Based on these results we can conclude that ACC stabilization in the gastrolith takes place by more than one compound and not by only one of these additives.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, 14424 Potsdam, Germany. Electronic address: wouter.habraken@mpikg.mpg.de.
authors.forename: Wouter J E M
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Habraken
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.
authors.forename: Admir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Masic
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bertinetti
authors.affiliation: Marine Science Station (MSS), The University of Jordan/Aqaba Campus, 77110 Aqaba, Jordan.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Sawalmih
authors.affiliation: Life Sciences Dept., Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: Lilah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Glazer
authors.affiliation: Life Sciences Dept., Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: Shmuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bentov
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fratzl
authors.affiliation: Life Sciences Dept. and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sagi
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aichmayer
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Engineering Dept., Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003400:Astacoidea / Q000737:chemistry*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000737:chemistry*; D002686:Chitin / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013270:Stomach / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002686:Chitin; D002119:Calcium Carbonate
keywords: Amorphous calcium carbonate; Crayfish; Gastrolith; Hierarchical organization; Stabilization