title: C2 nerve dysfunction associated with C1 lateral mass screw fixation.
abstract: The C1 lateral mass screw technique is widely used for atlantoaxial fixation. However, C2 nerve dysfunction may occur as a complication of this procedure, compromising the quality of life of affected patients. This is a review of the topic of C2 nerve dysfunction associated with C1 lateral mass screw fixation and related research developments. The C2 nerve root is located in the space bordered superiorly by the posterior arch of C1 , inferiorly by the C2 lamina, anteriorly by the lateral atlantoaxial joint capsule, and posteriorly by the anterior edge of the ligamentum flavum. Some surgeons suggest cutting the C2 nerve root during C1 lateral mass screw placement, whereas others prefer to preserve it. The incidence, clinical manifestations, causes, management, and prevention of C2 nerve dysfunction associated with C(1) lateral mass screw fixation are reviewed. Sacrifice of the C2 nerve root carries a high risk of postoperative numbness, whereas postoperative nerve dysfunction can occur when it has been preserved. Many surgeons have been working hard on minimizing the risk of postoperative C2 nerve dysfunction associated with C1 lateral mass screw fixation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Da-geng
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ding-jun
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Guang-lin
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Yu-chen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bao-rong
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D001268:Atlanto-Axial Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D001368:Axis, Cervical Vertebra / Q000294:innervation*; D001863:Bone Screws; D001270:Cervical Atlas / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D011843:Radiculopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D019051:Rhizotomy; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods
keywords: Atlantoaxial fixation; Atlantoaxial instability; C1 lateral mass screw; C2 nerve dysfunction