title: Developing situation awareness amongst nursing and paramedicine students utilizing eye tracking technology and video debriefing techniques: a proof of concept paper.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this quasi-experimental before-and-after study were to first determine whether the use of eye tracking technology combined with video debriefing techniques has the potential to improve the quality of feedback and enhance situation awareness (SA) in simulated settings and second to determine students' satisfaction towards simulated learning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nursing and paramedicine students from three universities participated in three 8-minute simulation scenarios of acutely deteriorating patients. Eye tracking glasses video recorded the scenarios and tracked right eye movement. On completion, participants were questioned using the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique, completed the Satisfaction with Simulation Experience Scale (SSES), and provided textual feedback and received video-based verbal feedback.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants lacked awareness of presenting medical conditions and patient environments and had poor recall of patient vital signs. Significant improvements in SA scores were demonstrated between the first and third scenarios (P = 0.04). Participants reported greater insight into their performance and were satisfied with simulated learning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of visual field review techniques appears to enhance the use of realistic simulated practice as a means of addressing significant performance deficits. Eye tracking and point of view recording techniques are feasible and with applicable debriefing techniques could enhance clinical and situated performance.
authors.affiliation: La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: p.omeara@latrobe.edu.au.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: O'Meara
authors.affiliation: La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Munro
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Emergency Health and Paramedic Practice, Monash University, Frankston, Australia.
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Berwick, Australia.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Midwifery, The University of Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bogossian
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Emergency Health and Paramedic Practice, Monash University, Frankston, Australia.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Berwick, Australia.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sparkes
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Berwick, Australia.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Browning
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Emergency Health and Paramedic Practice, Monash University, Frankston, Australia.
authors.forename: Mariah
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McClounan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000488:Allied Health Personnel / Q000193:education*; D001364:Awareness; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016544:Patient Simulation; D015397:Program Evaluation / Q000379:methods; D013338:Students, Nursing; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Decision making; Nurses; Paramedics; Patient simulation; Performance deficits; Situational awareness