title: Simultaneous vs staged treatment of urolithiasis in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the outcomes of men treated for urolithiasis at the time of radical prostatectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1991 to 2010, 22 patients were retrospectively identified who were treated simultaneously (n = 10) at radical prostatectomy, or (n = 12) within 120 d prior to prostatectomy, for urolithiasis. Clinical characteristics were reviewed including: type of prostatectomy and stone surgery, location and amount of stone burden, perioperative change in hemoglobin and creatinine, stent frequency, total hospital d, stone-free rates, additional stone procedures and complications. Long-term functional outcomes including stress urinary incontinence and bladder neck contracture were reported. Differences between cohorts (simultaneous vs staged treatment) were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among men undergoing radical prostatectomy, primary stone procedures included 12 ureteroscopy, 6 shock wave lithotripsy, 2 open nephrolithotomy and 2 percutaneous nephrolithotomy. In staged shock wave lithotripsy there were 4 complications and 3 additional procedures vs 1 (P = 0.5) and 0 (P = 0.2) in the simultaneous cohort. Meanwhile in staged ureteroscopy there were 5 complications and 1 additional procedure vs 1 (P = 0.2) and 1 (P = 0.9) in the simultaneous cohort. Additional procedures for residual stones was greater among patients with asymptomatic upper tract calculi 3 (60%) relative to patients with symptomatic stones 2 (13%; P = 0.02). Likewise, patients with proximal or multiple calculi had a greater total hospital days 5.5 vs 4.1 (P = 0.04), additional procedures 6 vs 0 (P = 0.04) and lower stone-free rates 39% vs 89% (P = 0.02) relative to men with distal stones. Finally, there was no difference in the incidence of bladder neck contracture (P = 0.4) or stress urinary incontinence (P = 0.7) between cohorts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ureteroscopic treatment of symptomatic distal urolithiasis at radical prostatectomy appears to be safe and efficacious with a low rate of adverse postoperative outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Boyd R Viers, Matthew K Tollefson, David E Patterson, Matthew T Gettman, Amy E Krambeck, Mayo Clinic Department of Urology, Rochester, MN 55902, United States.
authors.forename: Boyd R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Viers
authors.affiliation: Boyd R Viers, Matthew K Tollefson, David E Patterson, Matthew T Gettman, Amy E Krambeck, Mayo Clinic Department of Urology, Rochester, MN 55902, United States.
authors.forename: Matthew K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Tollefson
authors.affiliation: Boyd R Viers, Matthew K Tollefson, David E Patterson, Matthew T Gettman, Amy E Krambeck, Mayo Clinic Department of Urology, Rochester, MN 55902, United States.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.affiliation: Boyd R Viers, Matthew K Tollefson, David E Patterson, Matthew T Gettman, Amy E Krambeck, Mayo Clinic Department of Urology, Rochester, MN 55902, United States.
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Gettman
authors.affiliation: Boyd R Viers, Matthew K Tollefson, David E Patterson, Matthew T Gettman, Amy E Krambeck, Mayo Clinic Department of Urology, Rochester, MN 55902, United States.
authors.forename: Amy E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Krambeck
keywords: Kidney stone; Prostate cancer; Radical prostatectomy; Urolithiasis