title: Inhibition of murine bladder cancer cell growth in vitro by photocontrollable siRNA based on upconversion fluorescent nanoparticles.
abstract: This study provides a unique approach to activate caged small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) using indirect UV light emitted by the near-infrared (NIR)-to-UV upconversion process to achieve high spatial and temporal gene interference patterns. siRNA molecules against the anti-apoptotic gene survivin was caged by light-sensitive molecules (4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitroacetophenone, DMNPE), which rendered them temporarily non-functional. NIR-to-UV NaYF4:Yb,Tm upconversion nanoparticles (UCPs) served as delivery vehicles and activators of the caged siRNA molecules in murine bladder cancer cells (MB49 cell line). Upconverted UV light at 355 nm was emitted from the NIR-irradiated UCPs, which well coincided with the wavelength needed to uncage DMNPE. Consequently, UV light acted as a switch to uncage the delivered siRNA molecule, thereby rendering fully functional for exerting its therapeutic effect in the bladder cancer cells. To achieve the highest RNA interference efficiency, conditions such as time after cellular uptake, excitation time, UCPs concentration and laser power were optimized. Results showed that 200 µg/mL nanoparticle concentration combined with 12 h incubation with MB49 cells and excitation with NIR laser at 100 mW power for 15 min provided the ideal interference efficiency and strongest induction of MB49 cell death. Our findings demonstrate the potential biological application of UCPs in treating bladder cancer by a novel therapeutic approach.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, The People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huichen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, The People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, The People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yanquan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, The People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shichong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, The People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Haisheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, The People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yunshang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, The People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yingpeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, The People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiangtao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, The People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shiqi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D009578:Nitrobenzenes / Q000737:chemistry; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000077022:Survivin; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C117749:Birc5 protein, mouse; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D009578:Nitrobenzenes; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D000077022:Survivin; C085061:1-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrophenyl)diazoethane