title: [Effects of hypergravity exposure after 30-days simulated weightlessness on chemokine CCL20 and its receptor CCR6 in lingual mucosa of rhesus macaque].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the influence of hypergravity exposure after 30-days simulated weightlessness on the expression of chemokine CCL20 and its receptor CCR6 in lingual mucosa of rhesus macaque.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three male rhesus monkeys were divided according to the random number method into one control group (A, n = 3) and three experimental groups, including the weightlessness group (B, n = 3), the hypergravity group (C, n = 3) and hypergravity exposure after 30-days simulated weightlessness group (D, n = 14), which was further divided into four subgroups according to the values of overload as: +11 Gx/270s group (D1, n = 3), +13 Gx/230s group (D2, n = 4) and +15 Gx/200s group (D3, n = 4) and +13 Gx/230s with 9-days recovery group (D4, n = 3). Histopathological changes of lingual mucosa were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and the expressions of CCL20 and CCR6 were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histological observation showed that no significant histopathological changes were found in the lingual mucosa in all experimental groups of the animals, however, there were more infiltrated lymphocyte and neutrophils in the experimental groups. The immunohistochemical scores of CCL20 in group C, group D2 and group D3 were 1.30 ± 0.11, 1.68 ± 0.62 and 2.26 ± 1.00, respectively, significantly higher than that in A group (0.47 ± 0.12, P < 0.05). The immunohistochemical scores of CCR6 expression in those three groups were 4.40 ± 1.48, 6.67 ± 2.04 and 7.02 ± 2.11, respectively, also remarkably higher than that in A group (1.33 ± 0.66, P < 0.05). As far as the mRNA expression was concerned, the expressions of CCL20 and CCR6 had similar change trend with their protein expressions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypergravity exposure after 30-days simulated weightlessness will not lead to significant pathological changes in lingual mucosa, but can induce the expression of chemokine CCL20 and its receptor CCR6.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stamotology, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Chuhua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Stamotology, the 306TH Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, China. Email:nzy306kq@126.com.
authors.forename: Zhongying
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Yanhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Yuhui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Qingyan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Meng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054418:Chemokine CCL20; D018471:Hypergravity; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D009061:Mouth Mucosa; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D054399:Receptors, CCR6; D014893:Weightlessness
chemical_list: D054418:Chemokine CCL20; D054399:Receptors, CCR6