title: The warden procedure through a posterolateral thoracotomy approach.
abstract: The Warden procedure for the correction of a right-sided partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the high superior vena cava is well established. It has the advantages of avoiding sinoatrial node dysfunction and pulmonary and systemic venous obstruction. In the case related here, a 3-year-old girl presented with a superior vena cava type of sinus venosus atrial septal defect and an anomalously draining right upper pulmonary vein, with bilateral superior venae cavae. Our approach to the Warden procedure was through a right posterolateral thoracotomy, which provided additional advantages.
authors.forename: Sowmya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramanan
authors.forename: Navaneetha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sasikumar
authors.forename: Soman Rema Krishna
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Manohar
authors.forename: Kotturathu Mammen
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Cherian
mesh_terms: D013504:Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000002:abnormalities*; D013908:Thoracotomy / Q000379:methods*; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000002:abnormalities*
keywords: Heart defects, congenital; heart septal defects, atrial/surgery; pulmonary veins/abnormalities; sinoatrial node/abnormalities; thoracotomy/methods; vena cava, superior/abnormalities