title: Genetic alcohol sensitivity regulated by ALDH2 and ADH1B polymorphisms as indicator of mental disorders in Japanese employees.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Alcohol-related disorders (ARD) have been shown to be accompanied by a variety of other comorbid mental disorders. This study evaluated the associations between a variety of mental disorders and genetic alcohol sensitivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1944 Japanese workers were interviewed regarding their mental disorders by the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.). We investigated the relationship of ADH1B rs1229984 and ALDH2 rs671 polymorphisms' combination with mental disorder risks. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations between those polymorphisms and mental disorders, adjusting for sex, age, and job rank.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The degree of alcohol sensitivity was classified into five groups according to the combination of ADH1B and ALDH2 genotypes (Group I-V in order starting from the lowest alcohol sensitivity). Those with ALDH2 *1/*1 and ADH1B *1/*1 or with ALDH2 *1/*1 and ADH1B *1/*2,*2/*2 (low sensitivity) were significantly or nearly significantly associated with an increased risk of ARD compared with those with ALDH2 *1/*2 and ADH1B *1/*2,*2/*2 as a reference. Those with ALDH2 *1/*1 and ADH1B *1/*1 were also likely to be at an increased risk of any mental disorder except ARD, as well as disorders without comorbid ARD. This tendency was more apparent among women (OR 11.94, 95% CI 0.73-195.63) and non-drinkers (OR 5.43, 95% CI 1.05-28.23).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The genotype combination of ALDH2 *1/*1 and ADH1B *1/*1 is significantly associated with an increased risk of any mental disorder, especially ARD. Non-drinkers or women with ALDH2 *1/*1 and ADH1B *1/*1 are likely to suffer from any mental disorder except ARD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan kyoshi@wakayama-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kouichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimasu
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kanae
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mure
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Marowa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takemura
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kanami
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuno
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashida
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeshita
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyashita
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: C489332:ADH1B protein, human; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; C096127:ALDH2 protein, human; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial