title: Comparison of the protective effectiveness of NPQ in Arabidopsis plants deficient in PsbS protein and zeaxanthin.
abstract: The efficiency of protective energy dissipation by non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) in photosystem II (PSII) has been recently quantified by a new non-invasive photochemical quenching parameter, qPd. PSII yield (ФPSII) was expressed in terms of NPQ, and the extent of damage to the reaction centres (RCIIs) was calculated via qPd as: ФPSII=qPd×(F v/F m)/{1+[1-(F v/F m)]×NPQ}. Here this approach was used to determine the amount of NPQ required to protect all PSII reaction centres (pNPQ) under a gradually increasing light intensity, in the zeaxanthin-deficient (npq1) Arabidopsis mutant, compared with PsbS protein-deficient (npq4) and wild-type plants. The relationship between maximum pNPQ and tolerated light intensity for all plant genotypes followed similar trends. These results suggest that under a gradually increasing light intensity, where pNPQ is allowed to develop, it is only the amplitude of pNPQ which is the determining factor for protection. However, the use of a sudden constant high light exposure routine revealed that the presence of PsbS, not zeaxanthin, offered better protection for PSII. This was attributed to a slower development of pNPQ in plants lacking PsbS in comparison with plants that lacked zeaxanthin. This research adds further support to the value of pNPQ and qPd as effective parameters for assessing NPQ effectiveness in different types of plants.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
authors.forename: Maxwell A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ware
authors.affiliation: School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Belgio
authors.affiliation: School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK a.ruban@qmul.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Alexander V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Ruban
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008027:Light; D045342:Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000528:radiation effects; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D065146:Zeaxanthins / Q000172:deficiency*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D045342:Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes; C489731:NPQ4 protein, Arabidopsis; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D065146:Zeaxanthins
keywords: Arabidopsis; PsbS protein; photoinhibition; photosystem II; protective NPQ; zeaxanthin.