title: Periarticular regional analgesia in total knee arthroplasty: a review of the neuroanatomy and injection technique.
abstract: Postoperative pain control after total knee arthroplasty may be insufficient, resulting in insomnia, antalgic ambulation, and difficulty with rehabilitation. Current strategies, including the use of femoral nerve catheters, may control pain but have been associated with falls, motor blockade, and quadriceps inhibition. Periarticular infiltration using the appropriate technique and knowledge of intraarticular knee anatomy may increase pain control and maximize rehabilitation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Insall Scott Kelly Institute for Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northshore LIJ Health System, 210 E 64th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA. Electronic address: georgeguild@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: George N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Guild
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Insall Scott Kelly Institute for Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northshore LIJ Health System, 210 E 64th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Rubin P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Galindo
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Northshore LIJ Health System, 210 E 64th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Insall Scott Kelly Institute for Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northshore LIJ Health System, 210 E 64th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Fred D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Cushner
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Insall Scott Kelly Institute for Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northshore LIJ Health System, 210 E 64th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Giles R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Scuderi
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000777:Anesthetics
keywords: Anesthesia; Injection; Periarticular; Total knee arthroplasty