title: Zoonotic parapoxviruses detected in symptomatic cattle in Bangladesh.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Application of molecular diagnostic methods to the determination of etiology in suspected poxvirus-associated infections of bovines is important both for the diagnosis of the individual case and to form a more complete understanding of patterns of strain occurrence and spread. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize bovine-associated zoonotic poxviruses in Bangladesh which are relevant to animal and human health.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Investigators from the International Center Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddr,b), the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Bangladesh Department of Livestock Services traveled to three districts in Bangladesh-Siranjganj, Rangpur and Bhola-to collect diagnostic specimens from dairy cattle and buffalo that had symptoms consistent with poxvirus-associated infections. Bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) DNA was obtained from lesion material (teat) and an oral swab collected from an adult cow and calf (respectively) from a dairy production farm in Siranjganj. Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) DNA signatures were obtained from a scab and oral swab collected from a second dairy cow and her calf from Rangpur.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report the first detection of zoonotic poxviruses from Bangladesh and show phylogenetic comparisons between the Bangladesh viruses and reference strains based on analyses of the B2L and J6R loci (vaccinia orthologs). Understanding the range and diversity of different species and strains of parapoxvirus will help to spotlight unusual patterns of occurrence that could signal events of significance to the agricultural and public health sectors.
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lederman
authors.forename: Salah Uddin
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luby
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Zachary
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Braden
authors.forename: JinXin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karem
authors.forename: Inger
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Damon
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.affiliation: Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA. lay4@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D003612:Dairying; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D018157:Parapoxvirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011213:Poxviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*