title: Treatment and outcomes for gangliogliomas: a single-center review of 16 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ganglioglioma is a rare and slowly growing benign tumor. We investigated the outcomes of patients who underwent different combination treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1998 and 2012, 16 patients, including 11 men and 5 women, with a median age of 12.5 years (range, 2.5-65 years) were treated for intracranial gangliogliomas at our institution. The median follow-up period was 5.7 years (range, 48 days-15.6 years). Fifteen cases were included in the outcome assessment because one patient was lost to follow-up. Complete resection was achieved in 8 (53%) patients. Six (40%) patients underwent incomplete resection with or without adjuvant radiotherapy, and one patient with a brainstem tumor underwent only stereotactic biopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gangliogliomas predominantly affected young (87.5%), male patients and most frequently presented with seizures (64%). Of eight patients who underwent complete resection, seven did not show recurrence, whereas only three of six with incomplete resection showed no recurrence. Four patients with recurrence received salvage treatments (two repeat surgeries and two radiosurgeries). A tumor control rate of 93% (14/15) was achieved at the last follow-up. No recurrence or malignant changes were observed after a median follow-up of 12 and 4.5 years in four patients who received gamma knife (GK) radiosurgery as adjuvant and salvage treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complete resection produced the best outcomes and incomplete resection followed by adjuvant or salvage treatments showed favorable outcomes. In patients who are not eligible for complete resection because of tumor location or potential neurologic deficits following surgery, GK radiosurgery should be considered for the treatment of residual or recurrent tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jye Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Hyun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Jin
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Jung
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: Ganglioglioma; Radiosurgery