title: Association of statin use and risk for severe headache or migraine by serum vitamin D status: a cross-sectional population-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this article is to evaluate whether statin use and vitamin D status is associated with severe headache or migraine in a nationally representative sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional study of US individuals aged ≥40 years for whom information on statin use, serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D), and self-reported severe headache or migraine had been collected. We calculated prevalence estimates of headache according to statin and 25(OH)D, and conducted adjusted logistic regression analyses stratified by the median 25(OH)D (≤57 and >57 nmol/l).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 5938 participants, multivariable-adjusted logistic regression showed that statin use was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of severe headache or migraine (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.46, 0.98, p = 0.04). We found a significant interaction between statin use and 25(OH)D with the prevalence of severe headache or migraine (p for interaction = 0.005). Among participants who had serum 25(OH)D > 57 nmol/l, statin use was associated with a multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of 0.48 (95% CI 0.32, 0.71, p = 0.001) for having severe headache or migraine. Among those with 25(OH)D ≤ 57 nmol/l, no significant association was observed between statin use and severe headache or migraine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Statin use in those with higher serum vitamin D levels is significantly associated with lower odds of having severe headache or migraine.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, USA Harvard Medical School, USA cbuettne@bidmc.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buettner
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School, USA Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, USA.
authors.forename: Rami
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: 25-hydroxy vitamin D; Headache; epidemiology; migraine; statin