title: Glucose alleviates cadmium toxicity by increasing cadmium fixation in root cell wall and sequestration into vacuole in Arabidopsis.
abstract: Glucose (Glu) is involved in not only plant physiological and developmental events but also plant responses to abiotic stresses. Here, we found that the exogenous Glu improved root and shoot growth, reduced shoot cadmium (Cd) concentration, and rescued Cd-induced chlorosis in Arabidopsis thaliana (Columbia ecotype, Col-0) under Cd stressed conditions. Glucose increased Cd retained in the roots, thus reducing its translocation from root to shoot significantly. The most Cd retained in the roots was found in the hemicellulose 1. Glucose combined with Cd (Glu + Cd) treatment did not affect the content of pectin and its binding capacity of Cd while it increased the content of hemicelluloses 1 and the amount of Cd retained in it significantly. Furthermore, Leadmium Green staining indicated that more Cd was compartmented into vacuoles in Glu + Cd treatment compared with Cd treatment alone, which was in accordance with the significant upregulation of the expression of tonoplast-localized metal transporter genes, suggesting that compartmentation of Cd into vacuoles also contributes to the Glu-alleviated Cd toxicity. Taken together, we demonstrated that Glu-alleviated Cd toxicity is mediated through increasing Cd fixation in the root cell wall and sequestration into the vacuoles.
authors.affiliation: Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Key Laboratory for Plant Biology and Resource Application of Tea, the Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China.|State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors.forename: Yuan-Zhi
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, China Institute of Soil Science, the Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Fang
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors.forename: Jiang-Xue
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors.forename: Gui-Xin
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors.forename: Shao-Jian
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity*; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Arabidopsis; cadmium tolerance; glucose; plant cell wall; plant vacuole