title: Investigation in a murine model of possible mechanisms of enhanced local reactions to post-primary diphtheria-tetanus toxoid boosters in recipients of acellular pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine.
abstract: In recipients primed with acellular pertussis diphtheria-tetanus combined vaccine (DTaP) an increased incidence of severe local reactions with extensive redness/swelling has been reported for each subsequent dose of diphtheria-tetanus based combination vaccine given as a booster. This has been attributed to residual active pertussis toxin (PT) in the primary vaccine. In this study, we investigated the possible contribution of the A-subunit enzymatic activity and the B-oligomer carbohydrate binding activity of residual PT in DTaP to local reactions in a murine model using Japanese DTaP batches produced before and after the introduction of a test for reversion of pertussis toxoid to toxin. Residual PT activity was correlated with the B-oligomer carbohydrate binding activity. The in vivo mouse footpad swelling model assay indicated that the B-oligomer carbohydrate binding activity and possibly other factors were associated with intensified sensitization to local reaction following diphtheria toxoid booster.
authors.affiliation: a National Institute of Infectious Diseases; Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ochiai
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
authors.forename: Chun-Ting
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Yuen
authors.forename: Catpagavalli
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Asokanathan
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Michiyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Markey
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Corbel
authors.forename: Dorothy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xing
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D022422:Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D022681:Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007117:Immunization, Secondary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C
chemical_list: D022422:Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine; D022681:Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines
keywords: acellular pertussis vaccine; carbohydrate binding; enzymatic-HPLC assay; histamine sensitizing activity; local reaction