title: Respiratory particle deposition probability due to sedimentation with variable gravity and electrostatic forces.
abstract: In this chapter, we study the effects of the acceleration gravity on the sedimentation deposition probability, as well as the aerosol deposition rate on the surface of the Earth and Mars, but also aboard a spacecraft in orbit around Earth and Mars as well for particles with density ρ p = 1,300 kg/m³, diameters d p = 1, 3, 5 μm, and residence times t = 0.0272, 0.2 , respectively. For particles of diameter 1 μm we find that, on the surface of Earth and Mars the deposition probabilities are higher at the poles when compared to the ones at the equator. Similarly, on the surface of the Earth we find that the deposition probabilities exhibit 0.5 and 0.4 % higher percentage difference at the poles when compared to that of the equator, for the corresponding residence times. Moreover in orbit equatorial orbits result to higher deposition probabilities when compared to polar ones. For both residence times particles with the diameters considered above in circular and elliptical orbits around Mars, the deposition probabilities appear to be the same for all orbital inclinations. Sedimentation probability increases drastically with particle diameter and orbital eccentricity of the orbiting spacecraft. Finally, as an alternative framework for the study of interaction and the effect of gravity in biology, and in particular gravity and the respiratory system we introduce is the term information in a way Shannon has introduced it, considering the sedimentation probability as a random variable. This can be thought as a way in which gravity enters the cognitive processes of the system (processing of information) in the cybernetic sense.
authors.affiliation: Physics and Computer Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Science Building, Room N2078 75 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada, yiannis.haranas@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Haranas
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gkigkitzis
authors.forename: George D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Zouganelis
authors.forename: Maria K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Haranas
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kirk
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000465:Algorithms; D018534:Earth, Planet; D005118:Extraterrestrial Environment; D006112:Gravitation; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D018535:Mars; D008954:Models, Biological; D010316:Particle Size; D011336:Probability; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000378:metabolism*; D018531:Spacecraft; D055672:Static Electricity
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols