title: Multilocus sequence typing of Mycoplasma bovis reveals host-specific genotypes in cattle versus bison.
abstract: Mycoplasma bovis is a primary agent of mastitis, pneumonia and arthritis in cattle and the bacterium most frequently isolated from the polymicrobial syndrome known as bovine respiratory disease complex. Recently, M. bovis has emerged as a significant health problem in bison, causing necrotic pharyngitis, pneumonia, dystocia and abortion. Whether isolates from cattle and bison comprise genetically distinct populations is unknown. This study describes the development of a highly discriminatory multilocus sequencing typing (MLST) method for M. bovis and its use to investigate the population structure of the bacterium. Genome sequences from six M. bovis isolates were used for selection of gene targets. Seven of 44 housekeeping genes initially evaluated were selected as targets on the basis of sequence variability and distribution within the genome. For each gene target sequence, four to seven alleles could be distinguished that collectively define 32 sequence types (STs) from a collection of 94 cattle isolates and 42 bison isolates. A phylogeny based on concatenated target gene sequences of each isolate revealed that bison isolates are genetically distinct from strains that infect cattle, suggesting recent disease outbreaks in bison may be due to the emergence of unique genetic variants. No correlation was found between ST and disease presentation or geographic origin. MLST data reported here were used to populate a newly created and publicly available, curated database to which researchers can contribute. The MLST scheme and database provide novel tools for exploring the population structure of M. bovis and tracking the evolution and spread of strains.
authors.affiliation: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, United States. Electronic address: karen.register@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Karen B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Register
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thole
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
authors.forename: Ricardo F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Rosenbush
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
authors.forename: F Chris
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Minion
mesh_terms: D000034:Abortion, Veterinary / Q000382:microbiology; D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D016164:Bison / Q000382:microbiology*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D058507:Host Specificity; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing / Q000662:veterinary; D009175:Mycoplasma Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D045682:Mycoplasma bovis / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010802:Phylogeny; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers
keywords: Bison; Cattle; Multilocus sequence typing; Mycoplasma bovis