title: Multimodality imaging of renal inflammatory lesions.
abstract: Spectrum of acute renal infections includes acute pyelonephritis, renal and perirenal abscesses, pyonephrosis, emphysematous pyelonephritis and emphysematous cystitis. The chronic renal infections that we routinely encounter encompass chronic pyelonephritis, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, and eosinophilic cystitis. Patients with diabetes, malignancy and leukaemia are frequently immunocompromised and more prone to fungal infections viz. angioinvasive aspergillus, candida and mucor. Tuberculosis and parasitic infestation of the kidney is common in tropical countries. Imaging is not routinely indicated in uncomplicated renal infections as clinical findings and laboratory data are generally sufficient for making a diagnosis. However, imaging plays a crucial role under specific situations like immunocompromised patients, treatment non-responders, equivocal clinical diagnosis, congenital anomaly evaluation, transplant imaging and for evaluating extent of disease. We aim to review in this article the varied imaging spectrum of renal inflammatory lesions.
authors.affiliation: Chandan J Das, Zohra Ahmad, Sanjay Sharma, Arun K Gupta, Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India.
authors.forename: Chandan J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Chandan J Das, Zohra Ahmad, Sanjay Sharma, Arun K Gupta, Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India.
authors.forename: Zohra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Chandan J Das, Zohra Ahmad, Sanjay Sharma, Arun K Gupta, Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Chandan J Das, Zohra Ahmad, Sanjay Sharma, Arun K Gupta, Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India.
authors.forename: Arun K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Gupta
keywords: Cystitis; Imaging modalities; Magnetic resonance imaging; Pyelonephritis; Pyonephrosis; Renal infection; Xanthogranulomatous