title: Self-predictions of prospective memory in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: evidence of a metamemory deficit.
abstract: HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are associated with deficits in prospective memory (PM; "remembering to remember"), conferring risk of daily functioning declines. However, self-perceptions of PM functioning are not reliably associated with PM performance in HIV, suggesting a possible deficit in awareness of PM abilities (meta-PM). Our study examined meta-PM in HAND and its correlates using self-predictions of laboratory-based PM performance. Performance-based PM abilities, self-reported prediction of PM performance, and PM complaints in everyday life were assessed in 49 individuals with HAND, 93 HIV+ without HAND (HIV+ noHAND), and 121 seronegative adults (HIV-). After controlling for group-level differences, HAND was associated with a greater number of PM symptoms in everyday life and worse PM performance when compared with both HIV+ noHAND and HIV- samples. Although HAND individuals reported somewhat lower predictions regarding their laboratory PM performance relative to the other study groups, they nevertheless exhibited significantly greater inaccurate overconfidence in time-based PM abilities. Within the HAND group, overconfidence in time-based meta-PM was associated with executive dysfunction and antiretroviral (ARV) nonadherence. HAND individuals evidenced a moderate deficit in awareness of PM functioning characterized by overconfidence in time-based PM abilities. Overconfidence in PM may result in absence of compensatory strategy use, and lead to increased errors in daily functioning (e.g., ARV nonadherence).
authors.affiliation: SDSU/UCSD Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego 92103, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Kaitlin Blackstone
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Casaletto
authors.affiliation: SDSU/UCSD Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego 92103, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Katie L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.affiliation: SDSU/UCSD Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego 92103, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093, CA, USA Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston 77204, TX, USA spwoods@uh.edu.
authors.forename: Steven Paul
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Woods
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000328:Adult; D001364:Awareness / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D061212:Memory, Episodic; D008875:Middle Aged; D012647:Self-Assessment
keywords: Everyday functioning; Executive functions; Metacognition