title: Genome editing by targeted chromosomal mutagenesis.
abstract: The tools for genome engineering have become very powerful and accessible over the last several years. CRISPR/Cas nucleases, TALENs and ZFNs can all be designed to produce highly specific double-strand breaks in chromosomal DNA. These breaks are processed by cellular DNA repair machinery leading to localized mutations and to intentional sequence replacements. Because these repair processes are common to essentially all organisms, the targetable nucleases have been applied successfully to a wide range of animals, plants, and cultured cells. In each case, the mode of delivery of the nuclease, the efficiency of cleavage and the repair outcome depend on the biology of the particular system being addressed. These reagents are being used to introduce favorable characteristics into organisms of economic significance, and the prospects for enhancing human gene therapy appear very bright.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Emma Eccles Jones Medical Research Building, Rm 4520, 15N. Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-5650, USA, dana@biochem.utah.edu.
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carroll
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002875:Chromosomes; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded; D004950:Esterases / Q000378:metabolism; D018390:Gene Targeting; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D016678:Genome; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D016296:Mutagenesis
chemical_list: D004950:Esterases