title: Recent developments in metabolic bone diseases: a gnathic perspective.
abstract: Metabolic bone diseases often are asymptomatic and progress sub clinically. Many patients present at a late stage with catastrophic skeletal and extra skeletal complications. In this article, we provide an overview of normal bone remodeling and a synopsis of recent developments in the following conditions: osteoporosis, rickets/osteomalacia, endocrine-induced bone disease, chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder and Paget's disease of bone. Our discussion will emphasize the clinical and microscopic manifestations of these diseases in the jaws.
authors.affiliation: Pathology, School of Oral Health Sciences, Medunsa Campus, University of Limpopo, Pretoria, 0204, South Africa, Erich.raubenheimer@ul.ac.za.
authors.forename: Erich J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Raubenheimer
authors.forename: Claudia E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Noffke
authors.forename: Hilde D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Hendrik
mesh_terms: D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007571:Jaw Diseases / Q000473:pathology*