title: Micromorphology of immature stages of Sarcophaga (Liopygia) cultellata Pandellé, 1896 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), a forensically important fly.
abstract: The Sarcophagidae are one of the most numerous groups of Diptera in the world, consisting of many species of forensic interest, whose immature stages are useful in the estimation of postmortem interval. The immature stages of some species of forensic importance still remain unknown or undescribed, like in the case of Sarcophaga (Liopygia) cultellata Pandellé, 1986, a species restricted to the Iberian Peninsula, south of France and north of Italy, which shares a ecological niche with species of the same subgenus, e.g., Sarcophaga (Liopygia) argyrostoma (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) and Sarcophaga (Liopygia) crassipalpis Macquart, 1839, making it necessary to lay the groundwork for a proper specific differentiation before it can be successfully applied in forensic practice. This study provides the first micromorphological description of all preimaginal stages of S. (L.) cultellata using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the results of which allow the morphology of the main features to be followed during the immature life cycle. We propose a combination of features for distinguishing Liopygia from other sarcophagid subgenera, based on the current level of morphological knowledge of immature stages. S. (L.) cultellata can be differentiated from S. (L.) argyrostoma and S. (L.) crassipalpis in every immature stage by both light microscopy and SEM. The presence of tegumental warts and a fan-shaped anterior spiracle with a single row of 15-18 respiratory papillae allow distinguishing the third instar larvae of S. (L.) cultellata from other Sarcophaga species described hitherto by SEM. Identification keys based on light microscopy observations are provided, covering all the immature stages of Liopygia subgenus occurring in the Iberian Peninsula.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Service of Forensic Entomology and Microscopic Evidence Analysis, External Service of Forensic Sciences and Techniques, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Nicolás
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ubero-Pascal
authors.forename: Ángela
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Paños
authors.forename: María-Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Juan-José
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Presa
authors.forename: Belén
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: María-Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Arnaldos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004175:Diptera / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D007814:Larva / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D058493:Sarcophagidae / Q000648:ultrastructure*
keywords: SEM; Sarcophaga; forensic; identification keys; larvae; light microscopy; puparium; ultrastructure