title: Mortality trends in women and men with COPD in Ontario, Canada, 1996-2012.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  COPD is the third leading cause of death worldwide. Mortality trends offer an indication of how well a society is doing in fighting a disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine trends in all-cause, lung cancer, cardiovascular and COPD mortalities in people with COPD, overall and in men and women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population, cohort study using health administrative data from Ontario, Canada, 1996 to 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  A previously validated COPD case definition was used to identify all people with COPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  All-cause, lung cancer, cardiovascular and COPD mortality rates were determined annually from 1996 to 2011 overall, and in men and women. All-cause trends were compared with all-cause trends in the non-COPD population. All rates were standardised to the 2006 Ontario population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of COPD was 11.0% in 2011. Over the study period, all-cause mortality decreased significantly more in men with COPD than the non-COPD population. The same was not observed in women. COPD-specific and lung cancer mortalities, which started higher in men with COPD, decreased faster in them than in women with COPD with the two rates becoming more similar over time. Cardiovascular disease mortality declined at a relatively equal rate in both sexes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mortality in people with COPD has decreased; however, the decrease has been greater in men than in women. Public health interventions and medical care appear to be improving mortality in individuals with COPD but more research is needed to determine if they are benefiting both sexes equally.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gershon
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Jeremiah
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hwee
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: J Charles
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Victor
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wilton
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Medicine, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Day
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: To
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D002423:Cause of Death / Q000639:trends; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*; D012737:Sex Factors
keywords: COPD epidemiology