title: Application of in silico and in vitro methods in the development of adverse outcome pathway constructs in wildlife.
abstract: There is a long history of using both in silico and in vitro methods to predict adverse effects in humans and environmental species where toxicity data are lacking. Currently, there is a great deal of interest in applying these methods to the development of so-called 'adverse outcome pathway' (AOP) constructs. The AOP approach provides a framework for organizing information at the chemical and biological level, allowing evidence from both in silico and in vitro studies to be rationally combined to fill gaps in knowledge concerning toxicological events. Fundamental to this new paradigm is a greater understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity and, in particular, where these mechanisms may be conserved across taxa, such as between model animals and related wild species. This presents an opportunity to make predictions across diverse species, where empirical data are unlikely to become available as is the case for most species of wildlife.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom St., Liverpool L3 3AF, UK j.madden@ljmu.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Judith C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Madden
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Center for Pharmaceutical Research, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels 1090, Belgium.
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rogiers
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Center for Pharmaceutical Research, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels 1090, Belgium.
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vinken
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000378:metabolism*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D054750:Ecotoxicology; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008954:Models, Biological; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants
keywords: adverse outcome pathway; in silico modelling; in vitro techniques; predictive toxicology