title: First human systemic infection caused by Spiroplasma.
abstract: Spiroplasma species are organisms that normally colonize plants and insects. We describe the first case of human systemic infection caused by Spiroplasma bacteria in a patient with hypogammaglobulinemia undergoing treatment with biological disease-modifying antirheumatic agents. Spiroplasma turonicum was identified through molecular methods in several blood cultures. The infection was successfully treated with doxycycline plus levofloxacin.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General de Elche, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aquilino
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General de Elche, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain marmasiac@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masiá
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Service, Hospital General de Elche, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: López
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Service, Hospital General de Elche, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Galiana
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Section, Hospital General de Elche, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tovar
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Service, Hospital General de Elche, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andrés
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General de Elche, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: Félix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
mesh_terms: D000361:Agammaglobulinemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications*; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001769:Blood / Q000382:microbiology*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D064704:Levofloxacin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008828:Microbiological Techniques; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018805:Sepsis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013149:Spiroplasma / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D064704:Levofloxacin; D004318:Doxycycline