title: Early evaluation of carotid elasticity by an instantaneous wave intensity technique in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the application of instantaneous wave intensity for early diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-induced atherosclerosis, we observed carotid elasticity by instantaneous wave intensity in premenopausal women with SLE.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 3 groups (each group with 30 participants): SLE1 (course of disease <5 years), SLE2 (course of disease ≥5 years) and healthy control. Carotid parameters, including instantaneous acceleration wave intensity, instantaneous deceleration wave intensity, negative area, stiffness constant, wave intensity pulse wave velocity, stiffness constant pulse wave velocity, pressure strain elastic modulus, arterial compliance, augmentation index, and intima-media thickness, were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the control group, the instantaneous deceleration wave intensity, stiffness constant, pressure strain elastic modulus, wave intensity pulse wave velocity, and stiffness constant pulse wave velocity were significantly increased but the arterial compliance was significantly decreased in the SLE1 and SLE2 groups (all P ≤ .01). The instantaneous acceleration wave intensity, augmentation index, and negative area tended to increase in all 3 groups, but there were no statistical differences among the groups. The instantaneous deceleration wave intensity, stiffness constant, pressure strain elastic modulus, wave intensity pulse wave velocity, and stiffness constant pulse wave velocity were significantly higher in the SLE2 group than the SLE1 group, but the arterial compliance was significantly lower in the SLE2 group than the SLE1 group (all P ≤ .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Instantaneous wave intensity can be used to evaluate carotid elasticity in the patients with SLE, which is important for early prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (C.L., C.W., Y.W., X.B.); and Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (L.Z., L.L.).
authors.forename: Chun-li
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (C.L., C.W., Y.W., X.B.); and Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (L.Z., L.L.). czwang1022@163.com.
authors.forename: Cheng-zeng
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (C.L., C.W., Y.W., X.B.); and Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (L.Z., L.L.).
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (C.L., C.W., Y.W., X.B.); and Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (L.Z., L.L.).
authors.forename: Lian-zhong
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (C.L., C.W., Y.W., X.B.); and Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (L.Z., L.L.).
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (C.L., C.W., Y.W., X.B.); and Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (L.Z., L.L.).
authors.forename: Xiao-lin
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Bian
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D059289:Vascular Stiffness; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: carotid elasticity; instantaneous wave intensity; systemic lupus erythematosus; vascular ultrasound