title: Adult tuberculous meningitis in Qatar: a descriptive retrospective study from its referral center.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tuberculous meningitis is the severest and commonest form of central nervous system tuberculosis causing high mortality and morbidity. We aim to study the clinical, biochemical, and radiological characteristics of tuberculous meningitis in adult patients in Qatar and to calculate the incidence.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive retrospective 7-year study was conducted at the Hamad General Hospital (the only tertiary referral center and sole health care provider for tuberculosis in Qatar) between the 1st of January 2006 and the 31st of December 2012, to describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, outcome, and the incidence of adult tuberculous meningitis in Qatar.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tuberculous meningitis was diagnosed in 80 patients (65 male, 15 female), with a mean age of 30.3 ± 8.9. The majority of patients (76.3%) were from the Indian subcontinent. The commonest clinical features were fever (79%), headache (71%), and meningism (56%). Cerebrospinal fluid tuberculosis culture was positive in 44% of patients. Almost 39% of patients were in Stage I, 46% in Stage II and 15% in Stage III of the disease. The commonest neuroimaging features were leptomeningeal enhancement (34%) and hydrocephalus (33%). Cranial nerve palsy, limb weakness, and an elevated C-reactive protein were associated with a poorer outcome. Sixty eight percent had complete recovery, 10% had residual neurological sequelae without disability, 17% had disability, and 5% died. The average incidence of tuberculous meningitis over 7 years was 0.9 per 100,000 adult population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The characteristics of tuberculous meningitis were described in our population. Our data indicate that the incidence of tuberculosis meningitis in Qatar has increased. Tuberculous meningitis in Qatar is mainly an imported disease.
authors.affiliation: Neurology Section, Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Yahia Z B
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Imam
authors.forename: Hasan S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Ahmedullah
authors.forename: Naveed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akhtar
authors.forename: Kadavil C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Chacko
authors.forename: Saadat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamran
authors.forename: Faraj
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Al Alousi
authors.forename: Zubaida
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Alsuwaidi
authors.forename: Muna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Almaslmani
authors.forename: A Latif
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Al Khal
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Deleu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059906:Neuroimaging; D011780:Qatar / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D014390:Tuberculosis, Meningeal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*