title: Incidence of benign results after laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies of patients with benign pathologic lesions who underwent laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) with preoperative suspicion of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma are lacking. The aim of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to evaluate the incidence of benign pathologic lesions on laparoscopic RNU for upper urinary tract tumors that are presumed to be urothelial carcinoma. The clinicopathologic characteristics of these lesions were also determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2004 and December 2010, 244 patients underwent laparoscopic RNU for possible upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma at our institute. Seven (2.9%) had benign lesions at the final pathologic examination. The preoperative features of these patients were investigated, including imaging findings, urine cytologic results, and ureteroscopic findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 7 patients comprised 5 men and 2 women. The lesions were located in the ureter in 5 patients and in the renal pelvis in 2. All patients underwent preoperative voided urine cytology and cystoscopy. Two patients underwent preoperative ureteroscopy. In 1 patient, definite pathologic lesions were not identified in the surgical specimen. Urinary tract tuberculosis was diagnosed in 1 patient, inflammatory pseudotumor in 2, and fibroepithelial polyps in 1. In 2 patients, stones were detected (stone with atypical papillary urothelial hyperplasia and polypoid ureteritis with ureter stone, respectively) after laparoscopic RNU.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Benign pathologic lesions were detected in 7 patients (2.9%) who had undergone laparoscopic RNU for upper urinary tract tumors that were presumed to be urothelial carcinoma. The description of these false-positive cases will help improve the preoperative counseling of these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.
authors.forename: Sungwoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Taekmin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dalsan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: In Gab
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Bumsik
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Hyuk
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hanjong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Choung-Soo
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000601:surgery*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Benign; Nephroureterectomy; Upper urinary tract; Urothelial carcinoma