title: Interdisciplinary concepts for design and implementation of mixed reality interactive neurorehabilitation systems for stroke.
abstract: Interactive neurorehabilitation (INR) systems provide therapy that can evaluate and deliver feedback on a patient's movement computationally. There are currently many approaches to INR design and implementation, without a clear indication of which methods to utilize best. This article presents key interactive computing, motor learning, and media arts concepts utilized by an interdisciplinary group to develop adaptive, mixed reality INR systems for upper extremity therapy of patients with stroke. Two INR systems are used as examples to show how the concepts can be applied within: (1) a small-scale INR clinical study that achieved integrated improvement of movement quality and functionality through continuously supervised therapy and (2) a pilot study that achieved improvement of clinical scores with minimal supervision. The notion is proposed that some of the successful approaches developed and tested within these systems can form the basis of a scalable design methodology for other INR systems. A coherent approach to INR design is needed to facilitate the use of the systems by physical therapists, increase the number of successful INR studies, and generate rich clinical data that can inform the development of best practices for use of INR in physical therapy.
authors.affiliation: M. Baran, PhD Candidate, School of Arts Media and Engineering, Arizona State University, PO Box 878709, Tempe, AZ 85287 (USA). mlbaran@asu.edu.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baran
authors.affiliation: N. Lehrer, PhD Candidate, School of Arts Media and Engineering, Arizona State University.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lehrer
authors.affiliation: M. Duff, PhD Biomedical Engineering, Sensory Motor Performance Program, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duff
authors.affiliation: V. Venkataraman, PhD Candidate, School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University.
authors.forename: Vinay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Venkataraman
authors.affiliation: P. Turaga, PhD Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Arts Media and Engineering, Arizona State University.
authors.forename: Pavan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Turaga
authors.affiliation: T. Ingalls, MM Music Theory and Composition, School of Arts Media and Engineering, Arizona State University.
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ingalls
authors.affiliation: W.Z. Rymer, PhD Neurophysiology, MD, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago.
authors.forename: W Zev
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Rymer
authors.affiliation: S.L. Wolf, PhD Anatomy & Neurophysiology, Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medicine and Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, and VA Center on Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Decatur, Georgia.
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.affiliation: T. Rikakis, DMA Music Composition, Design, Arts and Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Thanassis
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rikakis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004867:Equipment Design; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D056228:Feedback, Sensory; D005260:Female; D006699:Home Care Services; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D034941:Upper Extremity; D014584:User-Computer Interface