title: Interexaminer and intraexaminer reliabilities of 3-dimensional orthodontic digital setups.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of digital orthodontic setups has grown quickly. The purpose of this study was to test the interexaminer and intraexaminer reliabilities of 3-dimensional orthodontic digital setups in OrthoCAD (Align Technology, San Jose, Calif).
  
  
  METHODS
  Six clinicians made digital orthodontic setups on 6 digital models twice, with a minimum interval of 2 weeks and a maximum interval of 4 weeks. OrthoCAD software was used, and treatment goals were all set the same according to the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System (ABO-OGS). Differences between the 72 setups were measured with the ABO-OGS scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparing setups 1 and 2, the intraexaminer mean absolute differences in total ABO-OGS scores varied statistically significantly between 2.17 and 6.00 points. Interexaminer mean absolute differences varied statistically significantly between 4.77 and 5.56 points. All but 1 intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value showed significant excellent agreement (ICC, >0.8) for intraexaminer reliability. One ICC value was insignificant and showed moderate (ICC, 0.4-0.6) agreement. Interexaminer reliability showed significant good (ICC, 0.6-0.8) agreement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a significant difference in ABO-OGS score when using OrthoCAD. Although this difference was low, it could be clinically significant. Interexaminer and intraexaminer reliabilities are not redundant for general use of the 3-dimensional orthodontic digital setup in OrthoCAD.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate student, Department of Orthodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: specialisten.ortho@acta.nl.
authors.forename: Laurens N J
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Fabels
authors.affiliation: Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; private practice, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Nijkamp
mesh_terms: D001641:Bicuspid / Q000473:pathology; D017076:Computer-Aided Design / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D008311:Malocclusion, Angle Class I / Q000628:therapy; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy; D003765:Models, Dental / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology; D015588:Observer Variation; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010347:Patient Care Planning / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012984:Software; D013997:Time Factors; D014584:User-Computer Interface