title: Flax-seed oil and Lactobacillus plantarum supplementation modulate TLR and NF-κB gene expression in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli challenged gnotobiotic pigs.
abstract: The present study analyses the effect of flax-seed oil rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), the probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum - Biocenol™ LP96 and their combination on the expression level of selected Toll-like receptor (TLR) genes (TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR9) and their downstream molecules (myeloid differentiation factor 88, MyD88; nuclear factor-κB, NF-κB) in the jejunum of gnotobiotic pigs challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). The results show that both immunomodulators are able to modulate the RNA level of at least one of the target molecules and thus regulate pathogeninduced inflammation. We confirmed that not only probiotic lactobacilli or flaxseed oil alone but also their synergistic action has great potential in the prevention and treatment of porcine colibacillosis. The results give an insight into one of the possible mechanisms by which natural agents, such as probiotic lactobacilli and flax-seed oil, exert their immunoregulatory properties during pathogen-induced inflammation.
authors.affiliation: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy Department of Microbiology and Immunology Komenského 73 041 81 Košice Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Mária
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chytilová
authors.affiliation: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy Department of Microbiology and Immunology Komenského 73 041 81 Košice Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Radomíra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nemcová
authors.affiliation: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy Department of Microbiology and Immunology Komenského 73 041 81 Košice Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Soňa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gancarčíková
authors.affiliation: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy Department of Microbiology and Immunology Komenského 73 041 81 Košice Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Dagmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mudroňová
authors.affiliation: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy Department of Microbiology and Immunology Komenského 73 041 81 Košice Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Ludmila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tkáčiková
keywords: ETEC; Flax-seed oil; NF-κB; TLR; gene expression; lactobacilli