title: [Age-related changes in antioxidant parameters in healthy calves between the first day of life and the 18th month taking into consideration selected metabolic parameters].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To follow the age-dependent development of anti-oxidative metabolic parameters in healthy cattle from birth until 18 months of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples from healthy female cattle were collected at days 1 and 7 post natum (p. n.) and during the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th and 18th month p. n. The antioxidant parameters superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and Trolox equivalent antioxidative capacity (TEAC), haematocrit (Hct) and the metabolic parameters total protein, albumin, bilirubin, calcium, inorganic phosphate, iron, urea, cholesterol, β-hydroxybutyrate, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, glutamate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase and haptoglobin were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All three antioxidant parameters displayed a comparable time-course, with a maximum at 6 months p. n. With the exception of the 9th month p. n., significantly positive correlations were found constantly. GPX activity increased continuously from 50-80 U/ml Hct on day 1 p. n. to 100-190 U/ml Hct in the 6th month p. n. The significantly lowest activities were found on the 1st and 7th day p. n. SOD activity at the 1st (4500-5600 U/g haemoglobin [Hb]) and 7th day p. n. were significantly lower than in the 1st and 3rd month p. n. Activi- ties at 12 and 18 months displayed significantly lower values com- pared to the 1st, 3rd and 6th (5000-9100 U/g Hb) month p. n. The increase in the TEAC concentration from 220-290 µmol/l on day 1 to 260-340 µmol/l in the 6th month p. n. was non-significant. Thereafter, a significant decrease in the concentrations (p>0.05) was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parallel trends for SOD, GPX and TEAC found in this study indicate a fully functioning antioxidant defence system in the calf, which is well adjusted to and able to compensate the inevitable oxidative stress of birth, onset of respiration, haemoglobin remodelling, forestomach development and other physiological processes.
authors.affiliation: Daniela Haser, Unterer Engen 8, 09627 Bobritzsch-Hilbersdorf, E-Mail: danielahaser@gmx.de.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haser
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fürll
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002417:Cattle / Q000097:blood* / Q000254:growth & development*; D002839:Chromans / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D006400:Hematocrit; D055442:Metabolome; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D002839:Chromans; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D001663:Bilirubin; C010643:6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid
keywords: Antioxidant defenses; GPX; SOD; TEAC; oxidative stress; young cattle