title: Association of circulating cytochrome c with clinical manifestations of antiretroviral-induced toxicity.
abstract: Diagnosis of antiretroviral therapy (ART) toxicity is complicated. Apoptosis has been implicated in ART toxicity. Cytochrome c (Cyt-C) is a mitochondrial protein found in plasma during pro-apoptotic states. We conducted a study of HIV-infected individuals on ART with (cases, n=21) and without (controls, n=21) clinical evidence of toxicity to determine if elevated plasma Cyt-C is associated with ART toxicity. When corrected for CD4 count, viral load, and duration of HIV infection, cases are 7.86 times more likely than controls to have plasma Cyt-C>0.216 ng/mL. Cyt-C could be a useful clinical tool to guide treatment decisions in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208064, New Haven, CT 06520-8064, USA. Electronic address: Allison.Langs-Barlow@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Langs-Barlow
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., Boardman 110, PO Box 208056, New Haven, CT 06520-8056, USA. Electronic address: ss_vel28@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Shanmugapriya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Selvaraj
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., Boardman 110, PO Box 208056, New Haven, CT 06520-8056, USA. Electronic address: Onyema.Ogbuagu@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Onyema
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ogbuagu
authors.affiliation: Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 300 George Street, Suite 555, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. Electronic address: Veronika.Shabanova@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Shabanova
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208064, New Haven, CT 06520-8064, USA; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, PO Box 208034, New Haven, CT 06520-8034, USA. Electronic address: Eugene.Shapiro@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Eugene D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208064, New Haven, CT 06520-8064, USA; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, PO Box 208034, New Haven, CT 06520-8034, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, Sterling Hall of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, SHM B-208, New Haven, CT 06520-8066, USA. Electronic address: Elijah.Paintsil@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Elijah
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Paintsil
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000097:blood*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010949:Plasma / Q000737:chemistry; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D045304:Cytochromes c
keywords: Antiretroviral therapy; Cytochrome c; Mitochondrial toxicity