title: Interleukin-2 and SOCS-1 proteins involvement in the pathophysiology of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome--a preliminary proof of concept.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), is characterized by marked ovarian enlargement and acute third space fluid sequestration that almost always develops after hCG administration or in early pregnancy. OHSS is similar to vascular leak syndrome (VLS), which may be attributable to the massive increase in systemic inflammatory cytokines. In the present pilot exploratory case series, we sought to evaluate interleukin (IL)-2 and suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-1 expressions in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients suffering from severe ovarian hypertimulation syndrome (OHSS), and to examine whether their expressions differ when compared to PBMCs originated from normal early pregnant women (without OHSS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Interleukin-2 and SOCS-1 mRNA expressions were examined in PBMCs of 5 women who were hospitalized due to severe OHSS (OHSS group) and 5 women with early IVF pregnancies and without OHSS (control group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interleukin-2 mRNA levels in PBMCs were significantly higher in the OHSS as compared to the control groups. Moreover, while SOCS-1 mRNA levels were non-significantly lower, the ratio between IL-2 and SOCS-1 mRNA levels was significantly higher in the OHSS, as compared to the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inflammatory response to hCG, leading to dysregulation of Il-2 expression and SOCS activation, might be the culprit of OHSS. Additional large prospective studies are required to elucidate the effect of hCG on patients' inherited inflammatory cascades, which may help discriminating those at risk to develop severe OHSS from those who are not.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center (Tel Hashomer), Ramat Gan, Israel. raoul.orvieto@sheba.health.gov.il.|Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. raoul.orvieto@sheba.health.gov.il.
authors.forename: Raoul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Orvieto
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center (Tel Hashomer), Ramat Gan, Israel. olyadrat@gmail.com.|Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. olyadrat@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dratviman-Storobinsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center (Tel Hashomer), Ramat Gan, Israel. danielantsberg@yahoo.com.|Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. danielantsberg@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lantsberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center (Tel Hashomer), Ramat Gan, Israel. jigalh@hotmail.com.|Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. jigalh@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Jigal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center (Tel Hashomer), Ramat Gan, Israel. roy.mashiach@sheba.health.gov.il.|Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. roy.mashiach@sheba.health.gov.il.
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mashiach
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center (Tel Hashomer), Ramat Gan, Israel. ycohen1@gmail.com.|Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. ycohen1@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yoram
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D016471:Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C108944:SOCS1 protein, human; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins