title: Enhancing osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells by immobilizing inorganic polyphosphate onto hyaluronic acid hydrogel.
abstract: In tissue engineering, precise control of cues in the microenvironment is essential to stimulate cells to undergo bioactivities such as proliferation, differentiation, and matrix production. However, current approaches are inefficient in providing nondepleting cues. In this study, we have developed a novel bioactive hydrogel (HAX-PolyP) capable of enhancing tissue growth by conjugating inorganic polyphosphate chains onto hyaluronic acid macromers. The immobilized polyphosphates provided constant osteoconductive stimulation to the embedded murine osteoblast precursor cells, resulting in up-regulation of osteogenic marker genes and enhanced levels of ALP activity. The osteoconductive activity was significantly higher when compared to those stimulated with free-floating polyphosphates. Even at very low concentrations, immobilization of polyphosphates onto the scaffold allowed sufficient signaling leading to more effective osteoconduction. These results demonstrate the potential of our novel material as an injectable bioactive scaffold, which can be clinically useful for developing bone grafts and bone regeneration applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical System Engineering, §Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, and ∥Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
authors.forename: Andy T H
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Teruo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Megumu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakoda
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Shigetoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ichimura
authors.forename: Taichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ushida
authors.forename: Katsuko S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Furukawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011122:Polyphosphates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D020100:Hydrogels; D011122:Polyphosphates; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid