title: Additive effects of postchallenge hyperglycemia and low-density lipoprotein particles on the risk of arterial stiffness in healthy adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine the effects of post-challenge hyperglycemia potentiate low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) particles on the risk of arterial stiffness in non-diabetic adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  During 2009-2011, 592 adults without clinical diabetes (fasting glucose <7.0 mmol/L) or known coronary heart disease or stroke were recruited. All subjects underwent standard 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) after overnight fasting. The glucose area under curve (GluAUC) after OGTT was defined as the postchallenge glucose load. Levels of LDL-C and small dense LDL-C (sdLDL-C) were measured. Arterial stiffness in terms of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The baPWV in tertile distributions were significantly associated with all conventional cardiovascular risk factors, LDL-C, and sdLDL-C. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that LDL-C (or sdLDL-C) combined with one of the seven glycemic indices (glucose levels at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min; GluAUC; HbA1C) was associated with arterial stiffness after covariates being adjusted. Further interaction analyses showed only concurrent higher levels of both glycemic indices and atherogenic LDL-C or sdLDL-C have significant risk for arterial stiffness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Additive effects of both postchallenge hyperglycemia and LDL subclass particles potentiate the risk of arterial stiffness. The adverse joint effects of hyperlipidemia and postchallenge hyperglycemia on subclinical cardiovascular function provide important information in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in subjects without clinical diabetes.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Sandy Huey-Jen
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital and National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China. fuwaihospital@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yong-Jian
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ta-Chen
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012307:Risk Factors; D059289:Vascular Stiffness; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL