title: Effect of chewing gums with xylitol, sorbitol and xylitol-sorbitol on the remineralization and hardness of initial enamel lesions in situ.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of three chewing gums and paraffin on the remineralization and the hardness of demineralized enamel.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 12 subjects wore intraoral palatal appliances with two demineralized bovine enamel slabs. The study consisted of four experimental periods each lasting 21-days, during which subjects were assigned to one of three gum-chewing regimens: gum containing sorbitol, xylitol and a mixture of sorbitol and xylitol and with paraffin as control. The appliances were worn during gum-chewing for 20 min and then retained for 20 min 4 times/day. The slabs were subjected to energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis and surface microhardness measurements before in setting into the appliance and after the experimental period. The data were subjected to analysis of variance for repeated measures. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mineral analysis revealed no significant difference between the baseline and after chewing periods for all groups (P > 0.05). No significant difference was found among the groups either for the baseline measurements or after chewing periods (P > 0.05). All groups showed higher microhardness values after the chewing periods than the baseline except for the Vivident Xylit group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The chewing of gum had no effect on the Ca/P ratio of demineralized enamel surfaces. The hardening of the demineralized enamel surfaces may vary according to the type of chewing gum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Duygu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tuncer
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Alev
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Onen
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: A Rüya
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Yazici
keywords: Chewing gum; enamel; energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy; microhardness