title: Immune cell crosstalk in obesity: a key role for costimulation?
abstract: In the past two decades, numerous experimental and clinical studies have established the importance of inflammation and immunity in the development of obesity and its metabolic complications, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this context, T cells orchestrate inflammatory processes in metabolic organs, such as the adipose tissue (AT) and liver, thereby mediating obesity-related metabolic deterioration. Costimulatory molecules, which are present on antigen-presenting cells and naïve T cells in the AT, are known to mediate the crosstalk between the adaptive and innate immune system and to direct T-cell responses in inflammation. In this Perspectives in Diabetes article, we highlight the newest insights in immune cell interactions in obesity and discuss the role of costimulatory dyads in its pathogenesis. Moreover, the potential of therapeutic strategies that target costimulatory molecules in the metabolic syndrome is explored.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seijkens
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kusters
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Department of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, and Paul-Langerhans-Institute, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Antonios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chatzigeorgiou
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Department of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, and Paul-Langerhans-Institute, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Triantafyllos
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chavakis
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany e.lutgens@amc.uva.nl.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lutgens
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000276:immunology; D054392:Adipokines / Q000276:immunology; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000276:immunology*; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology; D061025:Costimulatory and Inhibitory T-Cell Receptors / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000276:immunology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D009765:Obesity / Q000276:immunology*; D020239:Receptor Cross-Talk / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D061025:Costimulatory and Inhibitory T-Cell Receptors; D016207:Cytokines