title: Ophthalmic manifestations of perinatally acquired HIV in a US cohort of long-term survivors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the ophthalmic manifestations of HIV in a cohort of long-term survivors of perinatally acquired HIV.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients with perinatally acquired HIV who were aged ≥12 years were prospectively studied at a university clinic. They underwent complete ophthalmic examinations and fundus photography. Their medical histories, medications and CD4 counts were abstracted from the medical records. To evaluate for keratoconjunctivitis sicca, both HIV patients and 44 healthy controls (matched by age, gender and contact lens wear) underwent Schirmer testing and ocular surface staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine male and 13 female HIV patients with mean age of 16.6 years (SD, 3.4) were examined. Of the 22 HIV patients, 21 had been treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Only one patient had a CD4 count nadir of <200 cells/µL. The mean visual acuity of the eyes of the HIV subjects was 20/22 (SD, 1.6 lines). No patient had cytomegalovirus retinitis. Four of the 22 (18%) HIV patients had strabismus. HIV subjects and controls had similar rates of abnormal Schirmer (9% and 14%, p=0.62) and ocular staining scores (p=0.29).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the post-HAART era, long-term survivors of perinatally acquired HIV exhibited little vision-threatening disease, but had a high prevalence of strabismus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rutar
authors.affiliation: University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Jiwon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Youm
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA Francis I. Proctor Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Travis
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Porco
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tilton
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Mica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muskat
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA Francis I. Proctor Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: McNamara
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015828:Eye Infections, Viral / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000635:transmission*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D007638:Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013285:Strabismus / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017741:Survivors; D014481:United States; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Child health (paediatrics); Infection