title: The role of Toll-like receptor polymorphisms in acute pancreatitis occurrence and severity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are damage-associated molecular patterns receptors, which are essential in the activation of the inflammasome cascade, required for the initiation of inflammation. We hypothesized that changes in the function of these receptors caused by genetic polymorphisms in their encoding genes could determine acute pancreatitis (AP) incidence or severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred sixty-nine patients and 269 controls were included. Acute pancreatitis diagnosis criteria were abdominal pain, increased serum amylase levels, and positive findings on abdominal imaging. The patients were observed until discharge. Blood samples were obtained, determining the following TLRs: TLR1 rs5743611, TLR2 rs5743704, TLR3 rs3775291, TLR3 rs5743305, TLR4 rs4986790, TLR4 rs4986791, TLR5 rs5744174, TLR6 rs5743795, TLR7 rs2302267, TLR9 rs352140, and TLR10 rs4129009.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No TLR polymorphism was related to AP incidence. Regarding severity, CC genotype patients in TLR3 rs3775291 had an increased risk for severe pancreatitis (CC odds ratio [OR], 2.426; P = 0.015). In addition, TLR6 rs5743795 GG genotype patients had a lower risk for severe AP (GG OR, 0.909; P < 0.05). Intensive care unit admission was related to TLR5 rs5744174 homozygote TT carriers (TT OR, 3.367; P = 0.036).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our article points to genetic polymorphisms in TLR3 and TLR6 as having a plausible role in the occurrence of severe AP.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of *Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and †Immunology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital; and ‡Department of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Matas-Cobos
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Redondo-Cerezo
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alegría-Motte
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martínez-Chamorro
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saenz-López
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jiménez
authors.forename: Miguel Ruíz-Cabello
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Jiménez
authors.forename: Jorge Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: González-Calvín
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Teresa
authors.forename: Francisco Ruiz-Cabello
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Osuna
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3 / Q000235:genetics*; D051216:Toll-Like Receptor 6 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C495344:TLR3 protein, human; C495368:TLR6 protein, human; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3; D051216:Toll-Like Receptor 6