title: [Bio-modification of polyhydroxyalkanoates and its biocompatibility with chondrocytes].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the hydrophilicity and the cell biocompatibility of the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co- 3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) coated with a fusion protein polyhydroxyalkanoates granule binding protein (PhaP) fused with Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide (PhaP-RGD).
  
  
  METHODS
  PHBV and PHBHHx films were fabricated by solvent evaporation. Scanning electronic microscope (SEM) was used to study the morphology of the films. PhaP-RGD fusion proteins were expressed and purified by the technology of protein engineering; PHBV and PHBHHx films were immersed in the PhaP-RGD with an amount of 3.5 mg/mL protein/per sample respectively. The hydrophilicity of the surface were detected by the contact angle measurements. Septal cartilage cells obtained from human septal cartilage were cultured in vitro. The 2nd passage chondrocytes were incubated on PHBV unmodified with PhaP-RGD in group A1, PHBV modified with PhaP-RGD in group A2, PHBHHx unmodified with PhaP-RGD in group Bl, PHBHHx modified with PhaP-RGD in group B2, and on the cell culture plates in group C. After cultured for 3 days, the proliferation of cells was detected by the DAPI staining; the proliferation viability of cells was detected by the MTT assay after cultured for 3 and 7 days; after cultured for 7 days, the adhesion and morphology of the cells on the surface of the biomaterial films were observed by SEM and the matrix of the cells was detected through the toluidine blue staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SEM observation showed that PHBV and PHBHHx films had porous structures. The contact angle of the surface of the PHBV and PHBHHx films modified with PhaP-RGD fusion proteins were significantly reduced when compared with the films unmodified with PhaP-RGD fusion proteins (P < 0.05). Chondrocytes of human nasal septal cartilage incubated on the films could grow in all groups. After 3 days of cultivation in vitro, the cell proliferation and viability of group B2 were the strongest among all groups (P < 0.05); the cell proliferation after cultured for 7 days was significantly stronger than that after cultured for 3 days in groups A1, A2, B1, and B2 (P < 0.05); and the cell proliferation was significantly stronger in groups B1 and B2 than groups A1, A2 and C, in group B2 than group B1, and in group A1 than group A2 (P < 0.05). The results of toluidine blue staining showed that blue metachromasia matrixes were observed in groups A1, A2, B1, and B2; group A1 and group A2 had similar staining degree, and the staining of group B2 was deeper than that of group B1. The adhesion of cells in all groups was good through SEM observation; and the connection of cells formed and stretched into the pores of the materials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The biomaterial films of PHBHHx modified with PhaP-RGD fusion protein can promote its biocompatibility with chondrocytes.
authors.forename: Tianxi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Huimin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Minjie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Xiaoyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Zhenghui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xianghong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.forename: Yanxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Zhihui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; D002208:Caproates; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D009842:Oligopeptides; D010421:Pentanoic Acids; D054813:Polyhydroxyalkanoates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013499:Surface Properties / Q000187:drug effects; D000094122:Polyhydroxybutyrates
chemical_list: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; D002208:Caproates; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D009842:Oligopeptides; D010421:Pentanoic Acids; D054813:Polyhydroxyalkanoates; C115940:poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate); D000094122:Polyhydroxybutyrates; C045051:3-hydroxyhexanoic acid; C013056:beta-hydroxyvaleric acid; C047981:arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid