title: Technical note: Evaluation of a real-time wireless pH measurement system relative to intraruminal differences of digesta in dairy cattle.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and precision of indwelled wireless sensors relative to intrareticuloruminal differences in dairy cows transitioned from a forage to a high-concentrate diet. A feeding trial was performed with 8 rumen-cannulated Holstein cows. The cows were stepwise switched from 0 to 60% concentrate in the diet and fed 5 wk. Samples from the free ruminal liquid (FRL) from the ventral rumen and from the particle-associated ruminal liquid (PARL) in the rumen mat were manually taken at 0, 4, and 8 h after the morning feeding on d 0, 7, 14, and 34 of the experiment through the ruminal cannula to measure pH in FRL and PARL using a pH electrode. Additionally indwelling reticular wireless pH sensors were used to measure reticular pH every 10 min throughout the experiment. Precision and accuracy properties as a measure of reproducibility of the methods were statistically evaluated. Data showed significant differences among pH readings of indwelling sensors and pH measurements taken by means of a conventional electrode in both FRL and PARL (P<0.05). These differences became more evident when 60% concentrate diet was fed. Across all experimental days, the pH of the FRL was greatest and the pH reported by indwelling sensors intermediate, whereas the pH of PARL was lowest. The concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) analysis revealed a high agreement between indwelling sensors and FRL (CCC=0.709) but a low agreement with the pH of PARL (CCC=0.495). In conclusion, the study indicated that wireless sensors can satisfactorily reflect the pH of FRL but poorly reflect that of PARL.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Klevenhusen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pourazad
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: S U
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Wetzels
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qumar
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khol-Parisini
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria Qendrim.Zebeli@vetmeduni.ac.at.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zebeli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004566:Electrodes / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012417:Rumen / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D059015:Wireless Technology / Q000295:instrumentation*
keywords: concordance correlation coefficient analysis; free rumen liquid; ruminal pH; wireless pH sensors