title: A pilot study to assess the feasibility of transcutaneous glomerular filtration rate measurement using fluorescence-labelled sinistrin in dogs and cats.
abstract: In dogs and cats an assessment of renal function is often needed, however, existing methods including urine and plasma clearances are invasive, cumbersome and time consuming. This pilot study evaluated the feasibility of a transcutaneous glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measurement in dogs and cats. Additionally the optimal dose and location for the transcutaneous measurement device were investigated. Renal elimination of fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labelled sinistrin (FITC-S) was measured transcutaneously for 4 hours. The procedures were performed in awake, freely moving animals using escalating doses of FITC-S (10 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg) with a wash-out period of at least 24 h in between. Multiple devices were placed on each animal. The resulting FITC-S disappearance curves were visually assessed to determine the most suitable location and the appropriate dose to reach an adequate transcutaneous peak signal for kinetic analysis. In both species 30 mg/kg were adequate for kinetic calculation. The most suitable place for the device was the lateral thoracic wall in dogs and the ventral abdominal wall in cats, respectively. Transcutaneous FITC-S clearance was then repeated using the optimal dose and location and in parallel with an additional plasma sinistrin clearance. Plasma elimination half-lives [min] were 26, 31 and 35, and corresponding transcutaneous elimination half-lives [min] were 26, 34 and 55, respectively in the dogs. Plasma elimination half-lives [min] were 51, 60 and 61, and corresponding transcutaneous elimination half-lives [min] were 75, 96 and 83, respectively in the cats. In conclusion, transcutaneous FITC-S clearance is a feasible method for the assessment of GFR in awake dogs and cats. It is noninvasive, well tolerated and easy to perform even in a clinical setting with results being readily available. A dose of 30 mg/kg of FITC-S seems adequate for kinetic assessment. Further studies are now needed to establish reference values and evaluate transcutaneous renal clearance in various conditions.
authors.affiliation: Small Animal Clinic, (Internal Medicine), Justus - Liebig - University, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Steinbach
authors.affiliation: Small Animal Clinic, (Internal Medicine), Justus - Liebig - University, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Krolop
authors.affiliation: Small Animal Clinic, (Internal Medicine), Justus - Liebig - University, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Sellyn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Strommer
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Zeneida
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Herrera-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geraci
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Friedemann
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gretz
authors.affiliation: Small Animal Clinic, (Internal Medicine), Justus - Liebig - University, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Reto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Neiger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D004285:Dogs; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D055096:Optical Devices; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D009844:Oligosaccharides; C064636:sinistrin