title: Detecting nanoparticles in tissue using an optical iterative technique.
abstract: Determining the physical penetration depth of nanoparticles (NPs) into tissues is a challenge that many researchers have been facing in recent years. This paper presents a new noninvasive method for detecting NPs in tissue using an optical iterative technique based on the Gerchberg-Saxton (G-S) algorithm. At the end of this algorithm the reduced scattering coefficient (µs'), of a given substance, can be estimated from the standard deviation (STD) of the retrieved phase of the remitted light. Presented in this paper are the results of a tissue simulation which indicate a linear ratio between the STD and the scattering components. A linear ratio was also observed in the tissue-like phantoms and in ex vivo experiments with and without NPs (Gold nanorods and nano Methylene Blue). The proposed technique is the first step towards determining the physical penetration depth of NPs.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.
authors.forename: Inbar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yariv
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.
authors.forename: Gilad
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rahamim
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.
authors.forename: Elad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shliselberg
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.
authors.forename: Hamootal
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Duadi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.
authors.forename: Anat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lipovsky
authors.affiliation: Physics and Chemistry Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lubart
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.
authors.forename: Dror
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fixler
keywords: (120.5820) Scattering measurements; (160.4236) Nanomaterials; (190.4710) Optical nonlinearities in organic materials