title: The prevalence of the metabolically healthy obese phenotype in an aging population and its association with subclinical cardiovascular disease: The Brazilian study on healthy aging.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current literature has elucidated a new phenotype, metabolically healthy obese (MHO), with risks of cardiovascular disease similar to that of normal weight individuals. Few studies have examined the MHO phenotype in an aging population, especially in association with subclinical CVD.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross sectional study population consisted of 208 octogenarians and older. Anthropometrics, biochemical, and radiological parameters were measured to assess obesity, metabolic health (assessed by the National Cholesterol Education Program -Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATP III) criteria), and subclinical measures of CVD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of MHO was 13.5% (N = 28). No significant association with MHO was noted for age, coronary artery calcium score, cIMT, or hs-CRP > 3 mg/dl (p = NS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the MHO phenotype exists in the elderly; however, subclinical CVD measures were not different in sub-group analysis suggesting traditional metabolic risk factor algorithms may not be accurate in the very elderly.
authors.affiliation: Center for Prevention and Wellness Research, Baptist Health Medical Group, Miami Beach, FL USA.
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Roberson
authors.affiliation: Aventura Hospital & Medical Center, Aventura, FL USA.
authors.forename: Sameer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shaharyar
authors.affiliation: Center for Prevention and Wellness Research, Baptist Health Medical Group, Miami Beach, FL USA.
authors.forename: Ehimen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aneni
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, State University of Campinas School of Medicine Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wladimir
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Hospital Ciccarone Preventive Cardiology Center, Baltimore, MD USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blaha
authors.affiliation: Center for Prevention and Wellness Research, Baptist Health Medical Group, Miami Beach, FL USA.
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agatston
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Hospital Ciccarone Preventive Cardiology Center, Baltimore, MD USA.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Blumenthal
authors.affiliation: Lipid Clinic- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raul D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Aventura Hospital & Medical Center, Aventura, FL USA.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Feiz
authors.affiliation: Center for Prevention and Wellness Research, Baptist Health Medical Group, Miami Beach, FL USA ; Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA ; The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD USA ; Department of Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA.
authors.forename: Khurram
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nasir
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP 13084-971 Brazil.
authors.forename: Andrei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sposito
keywords: Aging; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity; Subclinical CVD