title: Emulsion stability, thermo-rheology and quality characteristics of ground pork patties prepared with soy protein isolate and carrageenan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plant proteins and polysaccharides are often utilised in ground meat products as meat binders, gelling agents, texture stabilisers or fat substitutes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the incorporation of 57 g kg(-1) soy protein isolate (SPI), 7 g kg(-1) carrageenan (CAR) and SPI/CAR mixture on the quality of ground pork patties.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ground pork patties with individual SPI and CAR or SPI/CAR mixture showed either retained or improved emulsion stability, physicochemical properties and dynamic rheology compared with control samples. Although there were no significant colour differences among treatments, samples with SPI/CAR mixture presented higher texture profile values for hardness and chewiness compared with other treatments (P < 0.05). Patties with additives showed significantly lower cooking loss and better thermal emulsion stability than control samples owing to a lower release rate of water and fat (P < 0.05). Compared with control samples or those with individual SPI and CAR, patties with SPI/CAR mixture formed a smoother and more continuous structure with a more compact protein matrix.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that a mixture of SPI and CAR can be effectively used as a functional ingredient to improve the quality of ground pork patties.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Synergetic Innovation Centre of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.|Department of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Xue-qin
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Synergetic Innovation Centre of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Wan-gang
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Synergetic Innovation Centre of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Guang-hong
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002351:Carrageenan; D003116:Color; D003296:Cooking; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry*; D005503:Food Additives; D005511:Food Handling; D006801:Humans; D008461:Meat Products / Q000032:analysis*; D000069466:Red Meat; D012212:Rheology; D030262:Soybean Proteins; D013552:Swine; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D005503:Food Additives; D030262:Soybean Proteins; D002351:Carrageenan
keywords: carrageenan; emulsion stability; ground pork patties; microstructure; soy protein isolate