title: Orthostatic intolerance predicts mild cognitive impairment: incidence of mild cognitive impairment and dementia from the Swedish general population cohort Good Aging in Skåne.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Contradictory results have been reported on the relationship between orthostatic hypotension (OH) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the incidence of MCI and dementia and their relationship to OH and subclinical OH with orthostatic symptoms (orthostatic intolerance).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study used a prospective general population cohort design and was based on data from the Swedish Good Aging in Skåne study (GÅS-SNAC), they were studied 6 years after baseline of the present study, with the same study protocol at baseline and at follow-up. The study sample comprised 1,480 randomly invited subjects aged 60 to 93 years, and had a participation rate of 82% at follow-up. OH test included assessment of blood pressure and symptoms of OH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 6-year incidence of MCI was 8%, increasing from 12.1 to 40.5 per 1,000 person-years for men and 6.9 to 16.9 per 1,000 person-years for women aged 60 to >80 years. The corresponding 6-year incidence of dementia was 8%. Orthostatic intolerance during uprising was related to risk for MCI at follow-up (odds ratio [OR] =1.84 [1.20-2.80][95% CI]), adjusted for age and education independently of blood pressure during testing. After stratification for hypertension (HT), the corresponding age-adjusted OR for MCI in the non-HT group was 1.71 (1.10-2.31) and 1.76 (1.11-2.13) in the HT group. Among controls, the proportion of those with OH was 16%; those with MCI 24%; and those with dementia 31% (age-adjusted OR 1.93 [1.19-3.14]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Not only OH, but also symptoms of OH, seem to be a risk factor for cognitive decline and should be considered in the management of blood pressure among the elderly population.
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sölve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elmståhl
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Elisabet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Widerström
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003704:Dementia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007024:Hypotension, Orthostatic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D054971:Orthostatic Intolerance / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: elderly; epidemiology; orthostatic blood pressure