title: A major problem in strabismus and its possible solution.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  One of the challenges in strabismus is to guarantee stability of the surgical corrections. Re-surgeries are often required even after careful diagnosis, planning, and execution. Several factors contribute to this undesired outcome and the existing management strategies are ineffective. The present alternative is to compensate for their consequences. Ocular rotations are evoked by muscular contractions and relaxations (active forces). During eye movement, periocular tissues are stretched, storing part of the kinetic energy, which may be posteriorly recovered (passive forces), whereas the remaining part of the energy is lost via friction and inelastic deformations (dissipative forces). A method for measuring the forces that cause post-surgery eye drift has not been reported. However, this may be indirectly determined as a function of the respective mechanical variables. The estimated ratio between the kinetic energies of a post-surgery eye drift and a normal pursuit eye movement is ~10(-15). Theoretically, it can be expected that the addition of continuously acting forces of such magnitudes to the oculomotor system might prevent the undesired post-surgery eye movement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Several methods for increasing the restraining, dissipative forces to ocular rotations may be conceived. One method is to increase the friction to ocular movements, as for instance, by periocular injection of viscous substances. Another possibility is to use the forces of a magnetic field, which may stabilize the eye in a desired position without avoiding the rotations caused by greater muscular forces acting on it. It has been demonstrated that these forces neutralize the nystagmic movements, whose intensities of mechanical variables are much higher than those of a post-surgery eye drift. Some models of application of this technique are then discussed. Small magnets fixed to the orbit and metallic ferromagnetic elements fixed to the sclera to cover a suitable extension appears to be the best method for providing starting and sliding friction to the oculomotor system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Weak magnetic fields do not cause ocular ill effects. Additionally, the magnetic field may be confined to the elements of the circuit and may not leak. However, the magnetic materials may interfere with magnetic resonance image (MRI) examinations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Harley E A
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Bicas
mesh_terms: D005133:Eye Movements; D006801:Humans; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000601:surgery*; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D055502:Secondary Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D013285:Strabismus / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*