title: Burden and depressive symptoms associated with adult-child caregiving for individuals with heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The primary purpose of this study was to investigate adult-child caregiver burden in heart failure (HF) patients. Secondary purpose of the study was to identify the possible influencing factors for caregiver burden and depressive symptoms in a young adult-child caregiver group.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 138 adult-child caregivers and 138 patients with HF participated in this study. Caregivers' burden, depressive symptoms, and anxiety levels were assessed by using Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale (ZCBS), Beck Depression Inventory, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean ZCBS scores of the female caregivers were significantly higher than male caregivers. Approximately one-third of the adult-child caregivers had at least mild depressive symptoms. Caregivers with higher depressive symptoms had higher levels of caregiver burden. There were positive correlations between caregiving time, severity of depressive symptoms, and perceived caregiver burden. There was a negative correlation between education level of caregivers and perceived caregiver burden. Age, socioeconomic level, and marital status of patients were affecting factors for depressive symptoms in caregivers. Among caregiver characteristics, gender, marital status, and ZCBS scores seem to influence the depression in caregivers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study findings suggest significant levels of burden and depressive symptoms even in adult-child caregivers of HF patients.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Department, Erenkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders, 34736 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selma
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8210-5524
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bozkurt Zincir
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Fevzi Cakmak Mahallesi, Mimar Sinan Caddesi No. 41, Ustkaynarca, Pendik, 34899 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7755-3370
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sunbul
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Golcuk Military Hospital, 41950 Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zincir
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Department, Erenkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders, 34736 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Esra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aydin Sunbul
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Fevzi Cakmak Mahallesi, Mimar Sinan Caddesi No. 41, Ustkaynarca, Pendik, 34899 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oguz
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Department, Erenkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders, 34736 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Feriha Cengiz
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Fevzi Cakmak Mahallesi, Mimar Sinan Caddesi No. 41, Ustkaynarca, Pendik, 34899 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Erdal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Durmus
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Fevzi Cakmak Mahallesi, Mimar Sinan Caddesi No. 41, Ustkaynarca, Pendik, 34899 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tarik
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kivrak
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Fevzi Cakmak Mahallesi, Mimar Sinan Caddesi No. 41, Ustkaynarca, Pendik, 34899 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D032721:Adult Children / Q000523:psychology*; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D017028:Caregivers / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014421:Turkey