title: Adoptive immunotherapy of cytokine-induced killer cell therapy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to systemically evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A computerized search of randomized controlled trials for CIK cell-based therapy was performed. The overall survival, clinical response rate, immunological assessment and side effects were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 17 randomized controlled trials of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a total of 1172 patients were included in the present analysis. Our study showed that the CIK cell therapy significantly improved the objective response rate and overall survival compared to the non-CIK cell-treated group. After CIK combined therapy, we observed substantially increased percentages of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+CD8+, CD3+CD56+ and NK cells, whereas significant decreases were noted in the percentage of CD8+ and regulatory T cell (Treg) subgroups. A significant increase in Ag-NORs was observed in the CIK-treated patient group (p = 0.00001), whereas carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was more likely to be reduced to a normal level after CIK treatment (p = 0.0008). Of the possible major side effects, only the incidence of fever in the CIK group was significantly higher compared to the group that received chemotherapy alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CIK cell combined therapy demonstrated significant superiority in the overall survival, clinical response rate, and T lymphocytes responses and did not present any evidence of major adverse events in patients with NSCLC.
authors.affiliation: Biotherapy Center, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Biotherapy Center, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jun-Xia
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Biotherapy Center, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Shan
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Biotherapy Center, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Bei-Lei
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Biotherapy Center, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Duo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Biotherapy Center, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Biotherapy Center, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jun-Li
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Biotherapy Center, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Long
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Biotherapy Center, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Bo
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Biotherapy Center, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zheng-Xu
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D055612:Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000637:transplantation*; D006801:Humans; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive / Q000379:methods*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome