title: Susceptibility of the sandfly Phlebotomus argentipes Annandale and Brunetti (Diptera: Psychodidae) to insecticides in endemic areas of visceral leishmaniasis in Bihar, India.
abstract: We present the results of susceptibility tests conducted on the sandfly Phlebotomus argentipes, the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in India. Adult P. argentipes insects were collected from 42 villages in 6 districts of the state of Bihar, India, as follows: Patna, Vaishali, Muzaffarpur, Samastipur, Sheohar, and Sitamarhi. These adult insects were exposed to 4% DDT-, 5% malathion-, and 0.05% deltamethrin-impregnated papers using a WHO test kit by following the standard procedures. In 16 (38.1%) of 42 villages surveyed, the P. argentipes populations developed resistance to DDT. Susceptibility tests using the organophosphate malathion in 22 villages revealed that in 1 (4.5%) village, the species developed resistance to this insecticide. P. argentipes was, however, highly susceptible to the synthetic pyrethroid deltamethrin. For long-term vector control of P. argentipes, it will be necessary to overcome the threat of insecticide resistance in this species.
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Disease Control, Patna branch.
authors.forename: Ram
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Pramod
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003634:DDT / Q000494:pharmacology; D019353:Endemic Diseases; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000187:drug effects*; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission; D008294:Malathion / Q000494:pharmacology; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D010691:Phlebotomus / Q000187:drug effects*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017180:decamethrin; D003634:DDT; D008294:Malathion