title: Mapping the relationship between subgenual cingulate cortex functional connectivity and depressive symptoms across adolescence.
abstract: Changes in the functional connectivity of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (SGC) have been linked with depressive symptoms. The aim of this study was to map this relationship across mid to late adolescence. Employing a longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) design, associations between patterns of resting-state SGC functional connectivity and symptoms of depression were examined at two time points in an initial sample of 72 adolescents. Using a region-of-interest approach, these associations were evaluated cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Cross-sectionally, weaker SGC functional connectivity with the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), angular gyrus and dorsal prefrontal cortex at baseline, and weaker SGC connectivity with the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex at follow-up, were associated with higher depressive symptoms. Longitudinally, a decrease in SGC functional connectivity with DMPFC, PCC, angular gyrus and middle temporal gyrus was associated with higher depressive symptoms at follow-up. The observation of weaker SGC connectivity predicting increased symptoms contrasts with the majority of resting-state fMRI studies in clinically depressed populations. Taken together with these past studies, our findings suggest depression-related changes in SGC functional connectivity may differ across developmental and illness stages.
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia, Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia, and Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Cherie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Strikwerda-Brown
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia, Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia, and Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia, Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia, and Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Davey
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia, Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia, and Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Whittle
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia, Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia, and Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia, Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia, and Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Nicholas B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia, Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia, and Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia, Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia, and Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Orli S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia, Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia, and Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Julian G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia, Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia, and Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Dominic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dwyer
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia, Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia, and Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia habj@unimelb.edu.au.
authors.forename: Ben J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Harrison
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019412:Anatomy, Cross-Sectional; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003863:Depression / Q000473:pathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000473:pathology*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000473:pathology
keywords: adolescence; depression; fMRI; functional connectivity; subgenual cingulate cortex