title: Prognostic impact of cancer cachexia in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cancer cachexia (CC) is commonly seen in advanced lung cancer patients and associated with poor prognosis. However, little is known about CC that develops during chemotherapy. We evaluated the prognostic impact of CC and skeletal muscle wasting that develops during the course of chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical data of 134 newly diagnosed NSCLC patients were retrospectively reviewed. CC was defined as a body weight loss >5 or >2 % in patients with a body mass index of <20 kg/m(2). CC was assessed at baseline (T1) and 3 months (T2), 6 months (T3), and 12 months (T4) after chemotherapy initiation. Skeletal muscle mass was assessed using the lumber skeletal muscle index (LSMI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of patients with CC at T1, T2, T3, and T4 was 45.6, 46.1, 25.5, and 26.0 %, respectively. The frequency of grade 3 chemotherapy-induced anorexia was higher in patients with CC than those without CC at T2 (15.4 vs. 0.0 %, P = 0.0044). At all time points, patients with CC had shorter survival times than those without CC. Patients with low LSMIs (men, <41 cm(2)/m(2); women, <38 cm(2)/m(2)) tended to have poor prognosis. Adjusted Cox proportional hazard ratios and corresponding confidence intervals for CC at T1, T2, T3, and T4 were 2.53 (1.33-4.88), 1.97 (1.27-3.06), 3.86 (2.14-6.81), and 1.62 (0.80-3.16), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CC presence and decreased skeletal muscle mass are associated with poor prognosis in advanced NSCLC patients receiving chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007, Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, 411-8777, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Madoka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Tateaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: Hirotsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kenmotsu
authors.forename: Tetsuhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taira
authors.forename: Kazushige
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wakuda
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oyakawa
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hisamatsu
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tokito
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akamatsu
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Kyoichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaira
authors.forename: Haruyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Keita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002100:Cachexia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D015431:Weight Loss