title: Ramucirumab for gastric cancer.
abstract: In recent years, various molecular target agents have been investigated for gastric cancer. VEGF is one of the most potent angiogenic factors and is a signaling molecule secreted by many solid tumors. High VEGF expression is one of the characteristic features of gastric carcinomas, thus targeting VEGF is considered a promising strategy for gastric cancer. Ramucirumab, an anti-VEGF receptor antibody, has proven to be effective for previously treated advanced gastric cancer. Details of ramucirumab, including two pivotal Phase III studies, will be discussed in this review. Ramucirumab, with or without chemotherapy, improved survival in gastric cancer after previous systemic chemotherapy, thus becoming the standard of care for this patient population. Optimal timing of ramucirumab use and adequate biomarkers for patient selection as well as mechanism of resistance should be explored in future research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shitara
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ohtsu
mesh_terms: D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood; D000096662:Ramucirumab
chemical_list: D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000096662:Ramucirumab
keywords: anti-VEGFR monoclonal antibodies; gastric cancer; ramucirumab; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor