title: Relationship between serologic markers of periodontal bacteria and metabolic syndrome and its components.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Periodontitis is a result of a complex biologic alteration of the periodontal microenvironment and a distributional shift of key periodontal pathogens. Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a complex cluster of cardiovascular risk factors, has been linked to periodontal diseases; however, the contribution of periodontal bacteria to systemic conditions remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population comprised 7,848 United States adults who participated in an interview, underwent a clinical oral-health examination, and had serum immunoglobulin G titers measured against 19 periodontal bacteria as part of the third National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. The z-score antibody titers were clustered into four mutually exclusive groups and named after Socransky's classification of periodontal bacteria (Orange-Red, Red-Green, Yellow-Orange, and Orange-Blue). Survey logistic regression was used to investigate the independent associations between the cluster scores, and MetS and each component, including hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, central obesity, and elevated fasting glucose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Orange-Red cluster score (that included Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella spp.) was positively associated (odds ratio [OR] = 1.067, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02 to 1.12) and the Orange-Blue cluster score (which included Actinomyces naeslundii and Eubacterium nodatum) was inversely associated (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.88 to 0.97) with elevated fasting glucose (≥ 110 mg/dL) after adjustment for clusters and potential confounders. Neither MetS nor its other remaining MetS components were associated with a particular cluster score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The associations between specific antibody clusters (Orange-Red and Orange-Blue) against periodontal bacteria and elevated plasma glucose were in qualitatively opposite directions after multivariable adjustment in a large, adult population. The periodontal bacterial profile was not found to be associated with metabolic control other than a very moderate association with elevated plasma glucose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC.
authors.forename: Deepika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shrestha
authors.forename: Youn-Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jiajia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Linda J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Hazlett
authors.forename: Anwar T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Merchant
mesh_terms: D000190:Actinomyces / Q000276:immunology; D050154:Adiposity / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D005051:Eubacterium / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000097:blood; D052456:Hypoalphalipoproteinemias / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000097:blood / Q000382:microbiology*; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000276:immunology; D018720:Prevotella / Q000276:immunology; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007074:Immunoglobulin G
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; metabolic syndrome X; microbiology.