title: Immediate compared with delayed cord clamping in the preterm neonate: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The comparative risks and benefits of early compared with delayed cord clamping in the preterm neonate remain unclear. Our objective was to evaluate the short-term effects of delayed clamping of the umbilical cord in preterm neonates.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing immediate with delayed cord clamping among preterm neonates born between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation. The primary study outcome was the need for blood transfusion. To detect a 33% reduction in this outcome (from 65 to 43.5%) with a two-tailed α of 0.5 and β of 0.8 required 178 patients equally divided into two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 200 women were randomized, 99 to the delayed and 101 to the immediate clamp group. The groups were similar with respect to baseline characteristics. The mean gestational age at delivery was 30.8±3.1 weeks in the delayed compared with 30.7±2.8 weeks in the immediate clamp group (P=.64). There was no statistically significant difference between groups with regard to the need for blood transfusion: 25 of 99 (25.3%) in the delayed cord clamp group received one or more blood transfusion compared with 24 of 101 (23.7%) in the immediate clamp group (P=.8). The rates of various neonatal outcomes including respiratory distress syndrome, periventricular leukomalacia, necrotizing enterocolitis, anemia of prematurity, and neonatal morality did not differ significantly between the groups. However, the mean initial hemoglobin (17.4±2.5 compared with 16.3±2.3 g/dL, P=.001) and hematocrit (51.3±7.3 compared with 47.4±7.3, P=.001) was significantly higher in the delayed group. In the delayed clamp group, 11.1% (11/99) of neonates had intraventricular hemorrhage compared with 19.8% (20/101) in the immediate clamp group (P=.09).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Delayed cord clamping for 30 seconds did not decrease the need for blood transfusion among preterm neonates.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov, www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00579839.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Williams Pavilion, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elimian
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Escobedo
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nightingale
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Knudtson
authors.forename: Marvin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006400:Hematocrit; D006801:Humans; D007234:Infant, Premature; D011247:Pregnancy; D013997:Time Factors; D014470:Umbilical Cord; D055815:Young Adult