title: Increases in plasma 25(OH)D levels are related to improvements in body composition and blood pressure in middle-aged subjects after a weight loss intervention: Longitudinal study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to further clarify the role of plasma 25(OH)D concentration after a weight-lowering nutritional intervention on body composition, blood pressure and inflammatory biomarkers in overweight/obese middle-aged subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  This longitudinal research encompassed a total of 50 subjects [57.26 (5.24) year], who were under a 15% energy restricted diet for 4 weeks. Anthropometric and body composition variables, blood routine, inflammatory markers as well as 25(OH)D were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Circulating 25(OH)D levels [12.13(±17.61%)] increased while anthropometric, body composition, routine blood markers as well as the concentration of TNF-α, C-reactive protein and Lp-PLA2 were significantly reduced after the intervention. Multiple linear regression analyses evidenced that Δ25(OH)D increase was linked to the decrease in weight, adiposity, SBP and IL-6 levels. Moreover, a relationship was found between Δ25(OH)D, Δfat mass (r = -0.405; p = 0.007), ΔSBP (r = -0.355; p = 0.021) and ΔIL-6 (r = -0.386; p = 0.014). On the other hand, a higher increase in 25(OH)D was accompanied by reductions in weight, BMI, SBP, IL-6 and an increase in bone mineral concentration (p < 0.05). Interestingly, higher levels of 25(OH)D at the endpoint, showed a significantly higher decrease in weight, BMI and total fat mass.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increase in plasma 25(OH)D level is linked with the decrease in SBP and adiposity in middle-aged subjects after a weight-loss intervention. Therefore, 25(OH)D assessment is a potential marker to be accounted in metabolic measures related to blood pressure, adiposity and inflammation in obesity management.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01596309).
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Nutrition Research Centre, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, Pamplona 31008, Spain. Electronic address: iibero@alumni.unav.es.
authors.forename: Idoia
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ibero-Baraibar
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Nutrition Research Centre, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, Pamplona 31008, Spain; Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, CIBERobn, Carlos III Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: snavas@unav.es.
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Navas-Carretero
authors.affiliation: Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Doctor Begiristain (no number), San Sebastian 20014, Spain. Electronic address: itziar.imperial@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Itziar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Abete
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Nutrition Research Centre, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, Pamplona 31008, Spain; Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, CIBERobn, Carlos III Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: jalfmtz@unav.es.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Nutrition Research Centre, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, Pamplona 31008, Spain; Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, CIBERobn, Carlos III Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: mazulet@unav.es.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zulet
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014807:Vitamin D; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Adiposity; Blood pressure; Fat mass; Inflammation; Middle-aged; Vitamin D