title: A prospective, randomised, controlled, multi-centre comparative effectiveness study of healing using dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane allograft, bioengineered skin substitute or standard of care for treatment of chronic lower extremity diabetic ulcers.
abstract: A prospective, randomised, controlled, parallel group, multi-centre clinical trial was conducted at three sites to compare the healing effectiveness of treatment of chronic lower extremity diabetic ulcers with either weekly applications of Apligraf(®) (Organogenesis, Inc., Canton, MA), EpiFix(®) (MiMedx Group, Inc., Marietta, GA), or standard wound care with collagen-alginate dressing. The primary study outcome was the percent change in complete wound healing after 4 and 6 weeks of treatment. Secondary outcomes included percent change in wound area per week, velocity of wound closure and a calculation of the amount and cost of Apligraf or EpiFix used. A total of 65 subjects entered the 2-week run-in period and 60 were randomised (20 per group). The proportion of patients in the EpiFix group achieving complete wound closure within 4 and 6 weeks was 85% and 95%, significantly higher (all adjusted P-values ≤ 0·003) than for patients receiving Apligraf (35% and 45%), or standard care (30% and 35%). After 1 week, wounds treated with EpiFix had reduced in area by 83·5% compared with 53·1% for wounds treated with Apligraf. Median time to healing was significantly faster (all adjusted P-values ≤0·001) with EpiFix (13 days) compared to Apligraf (49 days) or standard care (49 days). The mean number of grafts used and the graft cost per patient were lower in the EpiFix group campared to the Apligraf group, at 2·15 grafts at a cost of $1669 versus 6·2 grafts at a cost of $9216, respectively. The results of this study demonstrate the clinical and resource utilisation superiority of EpiFix compared to Apligraf or standard of care, for the treatment of diabetic ulcers of the lower extremities.
authors.affiliation: Professional Education and Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Charles M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Zelen
authors.affiliation: Wound Recovery Center, Kent Hospital, Warwick, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5167-4679
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gould
authors.affiliation: Serena Group, Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Serena
authors.affiliation: Strategic Solutions, Inc., Cody, WY, USA.
authors.forename: Marissa J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.affiliation: Shenandoah Lower Extremity Research, Daleville, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.affiliation: The Angiogenesis Foundation, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: William W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000650:Amnion; D001684:Biological Dressings; D002823:Chorion; D003094:Collagen / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017768:Skin, Artificial; D059039:Standard of Care; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: C117898:Apligraf; D003094:Collagen
keywords: Advanced wound care; Amniotic membrane; Comparative effectiveness; Cost effectiveness; Diabetic ulcers