title: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study: rationale, findings, and future directions.
abstract: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth (SEARCH) study was initiated in 2000, with funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and support from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, to address major knowledge gaps in the understanding of childhood diabetes. SEARCH is being conducted at five sites across the U.S. and represents the largest, most diverse study of diabetes among U.S. youth. An active registry of youth diagnosed with diabetes at age <20 years allows the assessment of prevalence (in 2001 and 2009), annual incidence (since 2002), and trends by age, race/ethnicity, sex, and diabetes type. Prevalence increased significantly from 2001 to 2009 for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes in most age, sex, and race/ethnic groups. SEARCH has also established a longitudinal cohort to assess the natural history and risk factors for acute and chronic diabetes-related complications as well as the quality of care and quality of life of persons with diabetes from diagnosis into young adulthood. Many youth with diabetes, particularly those from low-resourced racial/ethnic minority populations, are not meeting recommended guidelines for diabetes care. Markers of micro- and macrovascular complications are evident in youth with either diabetes type, highlighting the seriousness of diabetes in this contemporary cohort. This review summarizes the study methods, describes key registry and cohort findings and their clinical and public health implications, and discusses future directions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO.
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Hamman
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC rbell@wakehealth.edu.
authors.forename: Ronny A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO.
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dabelea
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
authors.forename: Ralph B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: D'Agostino
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dolan
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Imperatore
authors.affiliation: Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA.
authors.forename: Jean M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.affiliation: Childhood Diabetes Research Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Linder
authors.affiliation: Northwest Lipid Research Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Santica M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Marcovina
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Mayer-Davis
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pihoker
authors.affiliation: John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI Instituto Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico.
authors.forename: Beatriz L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saydah
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D002487:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult