title: In vivo assessment of genotoxic, antigenotoxic and anticarcinogenic activities of Solanum lycocarpum fruits glycoalkaloidic extract.
abstract: The fruits of Solanum lycocarpum, known as wolf-fruit, are used in folk medicine, and because of that we have evaluated both the genotoxic potential of its glycoalkaloidic extract (SL) and its influence on the genotoxicity induced by methyl methanesulfonate. Furthermore, the potential blocking effect of SL intake in the initial stage of colon carcinogenesis in Wistar rats was investigated in a short-term (4-week) bioassay using aberrant crypt foci (ACF) as biomarker. The genotoxic potential was evaluated using the Swiss mice peripheral blood micronucleus test. The animals were treated with different doses of SL (15, 30 and 60 mg/kg b.w.) for 14 days, and the peripheral blood samples were collected at 48 h, 7 days and 14 days after starting the treatment. For antigenotoxicity assessment, MMS was administered on the 14th day, and after 24 h the harvesting of bone marrow and liver cells was performed, for the micronucleus and comet assays, respectively. In the ACF assay, male Wistar rats were given four subcutaneous injections of the carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH, 40 mg/kg b.w.), twice a week, during two weeks to induce ACF. The treatment with SL (15, 30 and 60 mg/kg b.w.) was given for four weeks during and after carcinogen treatment to investigate the potential beneficial effects of SL on DMH-induced ACF. The results demonstrated that SL was not genotoxic in the mouse micronucleus test. In animals treated with SL and MMS, the frequencies of micronucleus and extensions of DNA damage were significantly reduced in comparison with the animals receiving only MMS. Regarding the ACF assay, SL significantly reduced the frequency of ACF induced by DMH.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Patologia, Distrito Rubião Júnior, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carla Carolina
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Munari
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Franca, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pollyanna Francielli
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Franca, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luis Fernando
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Leandro
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Franca, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leandra Mara
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Pimenta
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Franca, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Natália Helen
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana de Carvalho
authors.initials: Jde C
authors.lastname: da Costa
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jairo Kenupp
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Bastos
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Franca, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Denise Crispim
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Tavares
mesh_terms: D058739:Aberrant Crypt Foci / Q000188:drug therapy; D000470:Alkaloids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D032322:Solanum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts