title: The effect of stone localization on the success and complication rates of percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of stone localization on the success and complication rates of the percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred seventy-eight PNL procedures that were performed in our clinic were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were divided into seven groups according to the localization of the renal stones as: group 1, patients having stones only in the upper calyx; group 2, patients having stones only in the pelvis; group 3, patients having stones only in the lower calyx; group 4, patients having partial staghorn stones; group 5, patients having multiple calyx stones; group 6, patients having stones in both the pelvis and lower calyx and group 7, patients having complete staghorn stones. The first three groups were defined as simple stones, and the other four groups were defined as complex stones.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean stone clearance rate was 77% in simple stones and 53% in complex stones (P = .005). The complication rate was significantly higher only in the group with complex staghorn stones at a rate of 19.5% (P = .006). The difference between preoperative and postoperative hematocrit concentrations was the least in the group that had stones in the pelvis and this value was statistically significantly lower than the patients with complex staghorn stones (P = .027). The mean duration of the operation and the number of ports was higher in patients with complex stones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The localization of stone affects the success and complication rates of the operation.&nbsp;
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Goksel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bayar
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey. kadihasanoglu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kadihasanoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Ilkadim, Samsun, Turkey. mustafa.aydin2014@yandex.com.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Umut
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sariogullari
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Bahcesehir University, Faculty of Medicine, Liv Hospital, Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tanriverdi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Bahcesehir University, Faculty of Medicine, Liv Hospital, Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Muammer
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kendirici
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007416:Intestinal Perforation / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D007670:Kidney Calices / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology