title: Effects of nitric oxide modulating activities on development of enteric nervous system mediated gut motility in chick embryo model.
abstract: The enteric nervous system (ENS) arises from the enteric neural crest-derived cells (ENCCs), and many molecules and biochemical processes may be involved in its development. This study examined the effects of modulating embryonic nitric oxide (NO) activity on the intestinal motility induced by ENS. One-hundred-and-twenty fertilized chicken eggs were assigned to three main groups and incubated at 37 degrees Centigrade and 60 percent humidity. The eggs were treated with NG-nitro-Larginine methyl ester (L-NAME), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), L-arginine (L-Arg) or vehicle from days 3 (1st group), 7 (2nd group) and 10 (3rd group) of incubation and continued up to day 18. On day 19, the embryos were sacrificed, the jejunal and colorectal segments were taken and the intestinal motility was assessed using isolated organ system. The intestinal motility was recorded normally and following cholinergic, adrenergic and non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) stimulations. The ENS structure was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Rhythmic intestinal contractions were seen in all treatment groups, but inhibition of NO in the LNAME- treated embryos caused significant decrease (p less than 0.01) in the frequency and amplitude of the contraction. The responsiveness to adrenergic, cholinergic and NANC stimulations was also significantly decreased (p less than 0.05). The GFAP expression was significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced in the L-NAME-treated embryos. This study showed that the inhibition of NO caused a deficient development of the ENS, leading to a decrease in the frequency and amplitude of the intestinal contractions and reduced the responsiveness to adrenergic, cholinergic and NANC signalling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, harab@ut.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Hossein-Ali
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Arab
authors.forename: Samad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muhammadnejad
authors.forename: Seyed-Muhammad
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Faghihi
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hassanpour
authors.forename: Ahad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muhammadnejad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002642:Chick Embryo; D017615:Enteric Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects*; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology; D007583:Jejunum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission
chemical_list: D009599:Nitroprusside; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester