title: Epiphrenic esophageal diverticula.
abstract: Epiphrenic esophageal diverticula (EED) are rare. The estimated incidence is about 1:500,000/year. EED usually result from a combination of esophageal obstruction, functional or mechanical and a point of weakness of the muscularis propria. Most of the symptoms are unspecific, but dysphagia is most common. Chest radiograph, barium esophagogram, endoscopy and manometry are diagnostic tools. The treatment methods are conservative medical therapy, myotomy, diverticulectomy and fundoplication. In addition, endoscopic pneumatic dilation and botulinum toxin injection are a good alternative for symptomatic patients with motility disorders who are unfit for or unwilling to undergo surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery School, Zabol Medical Sciences University, Zabol, Iran.
authors.forename: Abdolghani
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdollahimohammad
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery School, Zabol Medical Sciences University, Zabol, Iran.
authors.forename: Nosratollah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Masinaeinezhad
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery School, Zabol Medical Sciences University, Zabol, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammadreza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Firouzkouhi
keywords: Diverticulum; epiphrenic; esophageal