title: Reevaluation of glypican-3 as a prognostic marker in HCC using X-tile software.
abstract: Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a widely used immunohistochemical marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, its prognostic value is unclear. Immunohistochemical evaluation of GPC3 expression was performed on 300 postoperative HCC tissue samples with paired adjacent non-tumor tissues on tissue microarray sections. The integral optic density, representing the expression level of GPC3 in each HCC sample, was calculated using Image-Pro Plus. The outcome-based cut-point optimization was performed using X-tile software. GPC3 was highly expressed in HCC tissues compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues. The expression level of GPC3 was significantly correlated with overall survival (OS) and time to recurrence (TTR). The lower the level of GPC3 expression in HCC tissue, the poorer the observed prognosis. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the expression level of GPC3 in HCC was an independent prognostic factor for both OS and TTR. In conclusion, GPC3 expression is an independent prognostic factor for postoperative HCC, and low expression levels of GPC3 in HCC may indicate poor outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Chenwei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Weilai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chonglin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Xiaowu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Lingxiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Yongping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Lihe
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Lingli
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Zhenzhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D053673:Glypicans / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012984:Software; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C105937:GPC3 protein, human; D053673:Glypicans