title: Insect P450 inhibitors and insecticides: challenges and opportunities.
abstract: P450 enzymes are encoded by a large number of genes in insects, often over a hundred. They play important roles in insecticide metabolism and resistance, and growing numbers of P450 enzymes are now known to catalyse important physiological reactions, such as hormone metabolism or cuticular hydrocarbon synthesis. Ways to inhibit P450 enzymes specifically or less specifically are well understood, as P450 inhibitors are found as drugs, as fungicides, as plant growth regulators and as insecticide synergists. Yet there are no P450 inhibitors as insecticides on the market. As new modes of action are constantly needed to support insecticide resistance management, P450 inhibitors should be considered because of their high potential for insect selectivity, their well-known mechanisms of action and the increasing ease of rational design and testing.
authors.affiliation: Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France.
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Feyereisen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism*; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D007313:Insecta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010574:Pesticide Synergists / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D007306:Insecticides; D010574:Pesticide Synergists; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
keywords: cytochrome P450; detoxification; hormone biosynthesis; piperonyl butoxide; resistance; synergist