title: Preparation of nano/submicrometer Ganoderma tsugae and its mutagenic potencies and cytotoxicity.
abstract: This study explored the feasibility of preparing nano/submicrometer particles from Ganoderma tsugae to enhance the contents of bioactive compounds and to assess its mutagenic potencies and cytotoxicity. Hot-water extract, a common product, was employed as a reference. After 3 h of media milling, almost all of the particles were smaller than 1 μm with a number-mean diameter of 0.11 μm. There were about 62% particles smaller than 0.1 μm in terms of number of particles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the presence of particles at nano/submicrometer scale. The content of 1→3-β-D-glucan in nano/submicrometer G. tsugae was 3.5 times of that in hot-water extract. Both nano/submicrometer and hot-water extract G. tsugae exhibited no mutagenic potential to Salmonella Typhimurium tester strains. Cell toxicity test also confirmed the safety of both nano/submicrometer and hot-water extract G. tsugae. The effect of media milling on the structural change of hyphae was also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Hsien
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Shih-Hsin
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: An-I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Yeh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005511:Food Handling; D032902:Ganoderma / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009153:Mutagens / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity; D010316:Particle Size; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Ganoderma tsugae; cytotoxicity; media milling; mutagenicity; nanoparticles