title: Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAM) 1, 5 and 6 as biomarkers in pancreatic cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aim of this study was to assess the biological function in tumor progression and metastatic process carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAM) 1, 5 and 6 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC).
  
  
  METHODS
  CEACAM knock down cells were established and assessed in vitro and in a subcutaneous and intraperitoneal mouse xenograft model. Tissue and serum expression of patients with PDAC were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Presence of lymph node metastasis was correlated with CEACAM 5 and 6 expression (determined by IHC) and tumor recurrence exclusively with CEACAM 6. Patients with CEACAM 5 and 6 expression showed a significantly shortened OS in Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. Elevated CEACAM6 serum values showed a correlation with distant metastasis and. Survival analysis revealed a prolonged OS for patients with low serum CEACAM 1 values. In vitro proliferation and migration capacity was increased in CEACAM knock down PDAC cells, however, mice inoculated with CEACAM knock down cells showed a prolonged overall-survival (OS). The number of spontaneous pulmonary metastasis was increased in the CEACAM knock down group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effects mediated by CEACAM expression in PDAC are complex, though overexpression is correlated with loco-regional aggressive tumor growth. However, loss of CEACAM can be considered as a part of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and is therefore of rather importance in the process of distant metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology and University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical-Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gebauer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology and University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical-Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wicklein
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology and University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical-Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Horst
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sundermann
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology and University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical-Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maar
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical-Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Streichert
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tachezy
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jakob R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Izbicki
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Maximilian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bockhorn
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology and University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical-Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schumacher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D064593:Heterografts; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008875:Middle Aged; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C069847:CD66 antigens; C527875:CEACAM5 protein, human; C504117:CEACAM6 protein, human; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins