title: Multivariate methods for evaluating the efficiency of electrodialytic removal of heavy metals from polluted harbour sediments.
abstract: Chemometrics was used to develop a multivariate model based on 46 previously reported electrodialytic remediation experiments (EDR) of five different harbour sediments. The model predicted final concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn as a function of current density, remediation time, stirring rate, dry/wet sediment, cell set-up as well as sediment properties. Evaluation of the model showed that remediation time and current density had the highest comparative influence on the clean-up levels. Individual models for each heavy metal showed variance in the variable importance, indicating that the targeted heavy metals were bound to different sediment fractions. Based on the results, a PLS model was used to design five new EDR experiments of a sixth sediment to achieve specified clean-up levels of Cu and Pb. The removal efficiencies were up to 82% for Cu and 87% for Pb and the targeted clean-up levels were met in four out of five experiments. The clean-up levels were better than predicted by the model, which could hence be used for predicting an approximate remediation strategy; the modelling power will however improve with more data included.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Postbox 6050, Langnes, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Kristine Bondo
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.affiliation: Arctic Technology Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 118, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Gunvor M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Kirkelund
authors.affiliation: Arctic Technology Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 118, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lisbeth M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ottosen
authors.affiliation: Arctic Technology Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 118, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Pernille E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Postbox 6050, Langnes, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway. Electronic address: tore.lejon@uit.no.
authors.forename: Tore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lejon
mesh_terms: D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D007854:Lead; D003300:Copper
keywords: Electrodialytic remediation; Electrokinetic remediation; Harbour sediments; Heavy metals; Multivariate modelling