title: Aerostat-based sampling of emissions from open burning and open detonation of military ordnance.
abstract: Emissions from open detonation (OD), open burning (OB), and static firing (SF) of obsolete military munitions were collected using an aerostat-lofted sampling instrument maneuvered into the plumes with remotely controlled tether winches. PM2.5, PM10, metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), energetics, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were characterized from 121 trials of three different munitions (Composition B (hereafter, "Comp B"), V453, V548), 152 trials of five different propellants (M31A1E1, M26, SPCF, Arc 451, 452A), and 12 trials with static firing of ammonium perchlorate-containing Sparrow rocket motors. Sampling was conducted with operational charge sizes and under open area conditions to determine emission levels representative of actual disposal practices. The successful application of the tethered aerostat and sampling instruments demonstrated the ability to sample for and determine the first ever emission factors for static firing of rocket motors and buried and metal-cased OD, as well as the first measurements of PM2.5 for OB and for surface OD.
authors.affiliation: National Research Council Post Doctoral Fellow to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Electronic address: aurell.johanna@epa.gov.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aurell
authors.affiliation: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Electronic address: gullett.brian@epa.gov.
authors.forename: Brian K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Gullett
authors.affiliation: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Electronic address: tabor.dennis@epa.gov.
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tabor
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Defense, Joint Munitions Command, Logistics Integration Directorate, Engineering and Demil Technology Office, AMSJM-LIB-T, OK 74501, USA. Electronic address: ryan.k.williams.civ@mail.mil.
authors.forename: Ryan K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: William Mitchell, Bill Mitchell & Associates, LLC, 5621 Pelham Rd., Durham, NC 27713, USA. Electronic address: mitcbill@gmail.com.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Attn: CEERD-CN-E, PO Box 9005, Champaign, IL 61826-9005, USA. Electronic address: michael.r.kemme@usace.army.mil.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kemme
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D000397:Air Pollution; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D005107:Explosions; D005390:Fires; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry; D008889:Military Personnel; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014589:Utah; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; D054041:Weapons
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D008670:Metals; D052638:Particulate Matter; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds
keywords: Emission factors; Munitions; Open burning; Open detonation; Static firing