title: Hysteroscopic management of congenital external cervical os stenosis using a "no-touch" technique in an adolescent.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Congenital external cervical os stenosis, one type of congenital cervical atresia, is particularly rare, and no case has been documented so far.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 12-year-old virginal patient with a history of mild vaginal bleeding for 14 days and lower abdominal pain for 10 days during her menarche was diagnosed with congenital external cervical os stenosis. Using a "no touch" technique, the diagnosis was further confirmed through a diagnostic hysteroscopy, and the narrow external cervical os was successfully corrected by resectoscopy, leaving the hymen intact. The patient was free of any symptoms postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We discuss the above-mentioned case and data already published in the literature. Congenital external cervical os stenosis in non-sexually active patients can be managed by diagnostic and operative hysteroscopy using a "no touch" technique while keeping the hymen intact.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Rd, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiaogang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Rd, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Dabao
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of OB/GYN, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Central Region, Ghana.
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Allornuvor
authors.affiliation: Powder Metallurgy Research Institute of Central South University Changsha City, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Rd, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China. Electronic address: xuemin1234@126.com.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xue
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D014110:Touch; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage
keywords: Adolescents; Congenital cervical stenosis; Hysteroscopy; Pelvic pain; Vaginal bleeding