title: Negative symptoms are associated with lower autonomous motivation towards physical activity in people with schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This cross-sectional study examined the association between psychiatric symptoms and motivation for physical activity within the self-determination theory (SDT) framework in people with schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over a 4-month period, 55 (17♀) inpatients with a DSM-V diagnosis of schizophrenia were assessed with the Psychosis Evaluation tool for Common use by Caregivers (PECC) and the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-2), that provided separate scores for amotivation, external, introjected and autonomous regulation. Spearman correlation coefficients were examined between these motivation scores and symptom ratings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The BREQ-2 score for autonomous regulations (2.6±1.1) was significantly correlated with the PECC negative symptoms score (10.3±4.1) (r=-0.34, p=0.011). No other significant correlations between BREQ-2 and PECC scores were found. The BREQ-2 score for external regulations (0.7±0.9) was associated with older age (35.2±11.3years) (r=-0.30, p=0.024).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings provide evidence that negative symptoms are associated with lower autonomous motivation towards physical activity in inpatients with schizophrenia. Future longitudinal research should confirm the current findings. Such research will guide physical activity approaches aimed at facilitating enhanced physical and mental health outcomes in individuals with schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Department of Neurosciences, UPC KU Leuven, campus Kortenberg, Kortenberg, Belgium. Electronic address: davy.vancampfort@uc-kortenberg.be.
authors.forename: Davy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vancampfort
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Hert
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Social Care, University of Greenwich, Eltham, London, UK.
authors.forename: Brendon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stubbs
authors.affiliation: School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Unit, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, Australia.
authors.forename: Philip B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Division, The George Institute for Global Health and School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rosenbaum
authors.affiliation: School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soundy
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Department of Neurosciences, UPC KU Leuven, campus Kortenberg, Kortenberg, Belgium.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Probst
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001835:Body Weight; D017028:Caregivers; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D009043:Motor Activity; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents