title: Resting heart rate in first year survivors of myocardial infarction and long-term mortality: a community study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the long-term prognostic effect of resting heart rate (HR) at index myocardial infarction (MI) and during the first year after MI among 1-year survivors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The community-based cohort consisted of 1571 patients hospitalized with an incident MI from January 1, 1983, through December 31, 2007, in Olmsted County, Minnesota, who were in sinus rhythm at index MI and had HR measurements on electrocardiography at index and during the first year after MI. Outcomes were all-cause and cardiovascular deaths.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a median follow-up of 7.0 years, 627 deaths and 311 cardiovascular deaths occurred. Using patients with HRs of 60/min or less as the referent, this study found that long-term all-cause mortality risk increased progressively with increasing HR at index (hazard ratio, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.25-2.09) and even more with increasing HR during the first year after MI (hazard ratio, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.64-2.84) for patients with HRs greater than 90/min, adjusting for clinical characteristics and β-blocker use. Similar results were observed for cardiovascular mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.14-2.42; and adjusted hazard ratio, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.27-2.94; for HR at index and within 1 year after MI, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data from a large MI community cohort indicate that HR is a strong predictor of long-term all-cause and cardiovascular mortality not only at initial presentation of MI but also during the first year of follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris Descartes University, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service d'Aide Médicale Urgente de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jabre
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. Electronic address: roger.veronique@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Véronique L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Roger
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Weston
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Avicenne Hospital, Paris 13 University, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Adnet
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
authors.forename: Ruoxiang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Service d'Aide Médicale Urgente de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vivien
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris Descartes University, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Empana
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris Descartes University, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jouven
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D017741:Survivors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013997:Time Factors