title: A case-control analysis of survival outcomes in sinonasal carcinosarcoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Carcinosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor of mixed epithelial and mesenchymal origin. In the head and neck, carcinosarcoma most commonly affects the salivary glands. Primary sinonasal carcinosarcoma (SN-CS) is exceedingly rare.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective analysis of 15 cases of SN-CS obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from 1973 to 2010. Case-matched cohorts of non-sinonasal carcinosarcoma (NS-CS), salivary gland carcinosarcoma (SG-CS) and carcinosarcoma at all other head and neck sites (NonSNSG-CS) were used for comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women made up 60.0% of the SN-CS cohort and whites 73.3%. Tumors originated in the nasal cavity in 46.7% of cases, and from the maxillary sinus in 33.3%. In 66.7% of cases, tumors were poorly differentiated (histologic grades III and IV). Surgery with radiotherapy was the primary treatment modality in 46.7% of cases. Five-year disease-specific survival (DSS) was 48.5% for SN-CS compared to 65.5% for the case-matched SG-CS cohort (p = 0.2950), whereas it was 76.9% for the case-matched NonSNSG-CS cohort (p =0.0406).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SN-CS is a rare tumor. Here we present the largest known cohort of SN-CS and report on its demographic, clinicopathologic and survival features. Our results suggest that patients with SN-CS have DSS comparable to the case-matched cohort of SG-CS patients. However, SN-CS patients have significantly poor survival outcomes compared to the case-matched cohort of NonSNSG-CS patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ.
authors.forename: Tapan D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vázquez
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ.
authors.forename: Max A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Plitt
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ; Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ.
authors.forename: Soly
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baredes
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ; Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ; Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ. Electronic address: jean.anderson.eloy@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jean Anderson
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Eloy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002296:Carcinosarcoma / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059747:Nasal Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D035583:Rare Diseases; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018426:SEER Program; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome