title: Challenges in secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases: a review of the current practice.
abstract: With the changing demography of populations and increasing prevalence of co-morbidity, frail patients and more complex cardiac conditions, the modern medicine is facing novel challenges leading to rapid innovation where evidence and experiences are lacking. This scenario is also evident in cardiovascular disease prevention, which continuously needs to accommodate its ever changing strategies, settings, and goals. The present paper summarises actual challenges of secondary prevention, and discusses how this intervention should not only be effective but also efficient. By this way the paper tries to bridge the gaps between research and real-world findings and thereby may find ways to improve standard care.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Unit, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, AUSL Piacenza, Italy.; Fondazione Toscana "G Monasterio" Pisa, Italy. Electronic address: m.piepoli@ausl.pc.it.
authors.forename: Massimo F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Piepoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS Scientific Institute of Veruno, Italy.
authors.forename: Ugo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Corrà
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Hospital Santa Marta, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abreu
authors.affiliation: Dept of General Practice, UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health Research, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cupples
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Costantinos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Davos
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Doherty
authors.affiliation: Innsbruck Medical University, Medical Psychology, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Höfer
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de León, León, Spain.
authors.forename: Esteban
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garcia-Porrero
authors.affiliation: IHF-Institut für Herzinfarktforschung Ludwigshafen, Bremserstr. 79; D-67063 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rauch
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vigorito
authors.affiliation: Center of Rehabilitation Research, University of Potsdam, Germany.
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Völler
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Unit of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Schmid
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D055502:Secondary Prevention / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Cardiac rehabilitation; Cardiovascular risk factor; Long term management; Secondary prevention