title: A volcanic explosion of autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus: a diversity of 180 different antibodies found in SLE patients.
abstract: Recent research in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) yielded new antigens and antibodies in SLE patients. We describe the various autoantibodies that can be detected in patients with SLE. A literature review, using the terms “autoantibody” and “systemic lupus erythematosus”, was conducted to search for articles on autoantibodies in SLE, their target antigens, association with disease activity and other clinical manifestations. One hundred and eighty autoantibodies were so far described in SLE patients. These include autoantibodies that target nuclear antigens, cytoplasmic antigens, cell membrane antigens, phospholipid-associated antigens, blood cells, endothelial cells, and nervous system antigens, plasma proteins, matrix proteins, and miscellaneous antigens. The target of an autoantibody, the autoantigen properties, autoantibody frequencies in SLE, as well as clinical associations, and correlation with disease activity are described for all 180 autoantibodies. SLE is so far the autoimmune disease with the largest number of detectable autoantibodies. Their production could be antigen-driven, the result of a polyclonal B cell activation, impaired apoptotic pathways, or the outcome of an idiotypic network dysregulation.
authors.forename: Gal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yaniv
authors.forename: Gilad
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Twig
authors.forename: Dana Ben-Ami
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Shor
authors.forename: Ariel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Furer
authors.forename: Yaniv
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sherer
authors.forename: Oshry
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mozes
authors.forename: Orna
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Komisar
authors.forename: Einat
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Slonimsky
authors.forename: Eyal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Klang
authors.forename: Eyal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lotan
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Welt
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marai
authors.forename: Avi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shina
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Amital
authors.forename: Yehuda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shoenfeld
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D001324:Autoantigens