title: ABCD2 identifies a subclass of peroxisomes in mouse adipose tissue.
abstract: ATP-binding cassette transporter D2 (D2) is an ABC half transporter that is thought to promote the transport of very long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs into peroxisomes. Both D2 and peroxisomes increase during adipogenesis. Although peroxisomes are essential to both catabolic and anabolic lipid metabolism, their function, and that of D2, in adipose tissues remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the D2 localization and the proteome of D2-containing organelles, in adipose tissue. Centrifugation of mouse adipose homogenates generated a fraction enriched with D2, but deficient in peroxisome markers including catalase, PEX19, and ABCD3 (D3). Electron microscopic imaging of this fraction confirmed the presence of D2 protein on an organelle with a dense matrix and a diameter of ∼ 200 nm, the typical structure and size of a microperoxisome. D2 and PEX19 antibodies recognized distinct structures in mouse adipose. Immunoisolation of the D2-containing compartment confirmed the scarcity of PEX19 and proteomic profiling revealed the presence of proteins associated with peroxisome, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and mitochondria. D2 is localized to a distinct class of peroxisomes that lack many peroxisome proteins, and may associate physically with mitochondria and the ER.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States. Electronic address: xiaoxi.liu@uky.edu.
authors.forename: Xiaoxi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States. Electronic address: jingjing.liu0@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jingjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States. Electronic address: joshua.lester@uky.edu.
authors.forename: Joshua D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lester
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States. Electronic address: srhee2@uky.edu.
authors.forename: Sonja S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Pijut
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States. Electronic address: Gregory.Graf@uky.edu.
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Graf
mesh_terms: D000074061:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily D; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000378:metabolism*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D020675:Peroxisomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: C508354:ABCD2 protein, mouse; D000074061:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily D; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D020543:Proteome
keywords: ABC transporter; Adipose tissue; Peroxisome; Proteomics; Subcellular organelle