title: Manic tendencies are not related to being an entrepreneur, intending to become an entrepreneur, or succeeding as an entrepreneur.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Popular literature suggests a relationship between entrepreneurship and manic tendencies, yet little scientific research has evaluated whether manic tendencies foster entrance into entrepreneurial roles, intent to become an entrepreneur, or success as an entrepreneur.
  
  
  METHODS
  In study 1, 225 undergraduates and business school students/affiliates took an online survey to assess engagement and intent as entrepreneurs, as well as manic tendencies, including family diagnoses as reported on the Family Index of Risk for Mania, subsyndromal manic tendencies as assessed with the Hypomanic Personality Scale, and self-reported diagnoses. In study 2, the sample of entrepreneurs identified in study 1 was enriched by recruiting a larger group of established entrepreneurs from the community. Entrepreneurs (n=210) completed items concerning their success in entrepreneurship, and we examined whether the three measures of manic tendencies were related to success.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no evidence that those vulnerable to mania, regardless of definition, were more likely to be entrepreneurs, to intend to become entrepreneurs, or to succeed as entrepreneurs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The studies were limited by self-report measures and relatively small samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More nuanced models may explain the frequent clinical observations of manic traits among entrepreneurs.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Berkeley, United States. Electronic address: Sljohnson@berkeley.edu.
authors.forename: Sheri L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, United States.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.affiliation: Stanford University, United States.
authors.forename: Paige J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Staudenmaier
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D016520:Entrepreneurship; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D008297:Male; D010551:Personality; D010552:Personality Assessment; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bipolar disorder; Entrepreneurship; Mania; Success