title: Multidrug resistance genes in staphylococci from animals that confer resistance to critically and highly important antimicrobial agents in human medicine.
abstract: Most antimicrobial resistance genes known so far to occur in staphylococci of animal origin confer resistance to a specific class of antimicrobial agents or to selected members within such a class. However, there are also a few examples of multidrug resistance (MDR) genes that confer resistance to antimicrobial agents of different classes by either target site methylation or active efflux via ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. The present review provides an overview of these MDR genes with particular reference to those genes involved in resistance to critically or highly important antimicrobial agents used in human and veterinary medicine. Moreover, their location on mobile genetic elements and colocated resistance genes, which may play a role in coselection and persistence of the MDR genes, are addressed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), 31535 Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wendlandt
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jianzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), 31535 Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kadlec
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Beibei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture, Harbin 150001, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wan-Jiang
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), 31535 Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany.
authors.forename: Andrea T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Feßler
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Congming
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), 31535 Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany. Electronic address: stefan.schwarz@fli.bund.de.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schwarz
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000662:veterinary; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C539943:CFR protein, Staphylococcus aureus; C075964:VgA protein, Staphylococcus aureus
keywords: antimicrobial resistance; colocation; coselection; cotransfer; plasmid; transposon