title: Self-reported sleep disturbance is associated with Alzheimer's disease risk in men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the association between self-reported sleep disturbances and dementia risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-reported sleep disturbances and established risk factors for dementia were measured in men at ages 50 (n = 1574) and 70 (n = 1029) years. Dementia incidence was determined by reviewing their patient history between ages 50 and 90 years. In addition, plasma levels of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides 1-40 and 1-42 were measured at ages 70, 77, and 82 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cox regression demonstrated that men with self-reported sleep disturbances had a higher risk of developing dementia (+33%) and Alzheimer's disease (AD, +51%) than men without self-reported sleep disturbances (both P < .05). Binary logistic regression showed the increased risk for both dementia (+114%) and AD (+192%) were highest when sleep disturbance was reported at age 70 years (both P < .001). No group differences were found in Aβ levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improving sleep quality may help reduce the neurodegenerative risk in older men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: christian.benedict@neuro.uu.se.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Benedict
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Liisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Byberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cedernaes
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Pleunie S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Hogenkamp
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Vilmantas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Giedratis
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kilander
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lind
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lannfelt
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Helgi B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Schiöth
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D012306:Risk; D057566:Self Report; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C078592:amyloid beta-protein (1-40); C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42)
keywords: All-cause dementia; Alzheimer's disease; Longitudinal study; Sleep