title: Idiopathic bilateral vocal cord paralysis in infants: Case series and literature review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vocal fold paralysis is the second most common congenital laryngeal anomaly in newborns. Bilateral paralysis is a severe condition and often remains of unknown etiology. We report our experience of congenital idiopathic bilateral vocal fold paralysis in newborns and infants, and discuss the therapeutic options.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was carried out at a single tertiary referral center over a 15-year period of children presenting with congenital idiopathic bilateral laryngeal paralysis (CIBP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six patients were identified and managed over period of the study (mean follow-up, 6.7 years). A tracheostomy was eventually performed in 14 patients, 12 during the neonatal period. Endoscopic treatment was performed in 16 patients and an external approach in five patients after endoscopic failure. Three patients were managed by watchful waiting. Spontaneous recovery occurred in 16 patients (median age, 14.5 months), including nine with a tracheostomy. Decannulation was achieved in 12 patients (median age, 42 months), and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) was applied in six patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only inhomogeneous series of pediatric bilateral laryngeal palsies have been published so far, making it difficult to identify prognostic and predictive markers, as well as therapeutic guidelines. Focusing on CIBP, our data suggest that the management strategy must take into account the possibility of a delayed spontaneous recovery. NPPV is an interesting therapeutic tool in this situation. A systematic somatic assessment is mandatory to look for associated conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Necker Enfants-Malades Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lesnik
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Necker Enfants-Malades Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Briac
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thierry
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Necker Enfants-Malades Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blanchard
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Necker Enfants-Malades Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Fergal
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Glynn
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Necker Enfants-Malades Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Denoyelle
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Necker Enfants-Malades Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Couloigner
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Necker Enfants-Malades Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Noël
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Garabedian
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Necker Enfants-Malades Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Leboulanger
mesh_terms: D019468:Disease Management; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D014826:Vocal Cord Paralysis / Q000151:congenital* / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Bilateral vocal fold paralysis; congenital; idiopathic; noninvasive positive pressure ventilation; tracheotomy