title: Cesarean under general or epidural anesthesia: does it differ in terms of regional cerebral oxygenation?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is aimed to evaluate whether there is a difference in regional cerebral saturation of newborns measured by near infrared spectroscopy born either by general anesthesia or combined spinal epidural anesthesia during elective cesarean deliveries.
  
  
  METHODS
  After approval from the ethics committee of our hospital, and informed consents of the parturients were taken, 68 patients were included in the study. The regional cerebral oxygen saturations (RcSO2) of newborns were measured by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurements at 1st, 5th min after birth. In group I (n=32), general anesthesia was performed for the cesarean operation and in group II (n=36), combined spinal epidural anesthesia (CSEA) was the anesthetic management. The age of the mother, gestation, the problems related to the pregnancy, heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation (SpO2) of the mother had been recorded. The measurements of the newborn were; SpO2 of right hand, RcSO2 measured by NIRS, the delivery time (from incision to the cessation of circulation in the placental cord), Apgar score. Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 5.0 (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, California) and presented as mean +/- SD. Results obtained in different groups were compared using upaired t-test. Differences were statistically significant at p < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between the groups related to the mother's age, gestation week and baseline blood pressure. Both the systolic and diastolic blood pressures measured at 1st and 5th min after induction or start of the spinal block were significantly lower in the mothers who had undergone combined spinal epidural anesthesia. The heart rates of the mothers who had been under CSEA were significantly higher than the general anesthesia group. The Apgar at the 1st min were observed significantly higher in Group II. Oxygen saturation of the newborns were significantly higher in Group II. Regional cerebral oxygenation measured by NIRS were significantly higher in CSEA group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined spinal epidural anesthesia, besides other known advantages, had been shown to be superior to general anesthesia as a means of regional cerebral oxygenation of the newborns.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, University of Acıbadem, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: serpozgen@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Zehra Serpil Ustalar
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Ozgen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, University of Acıbadem, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fevzi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Toraman
authors.affiliation: Anesthesia Technician, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Acibadem Kadikoy Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Esin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Erkek
authors.affiliation: Anesthesia Technician, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Acibadem Kadikoy Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tuba
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sungur
authors.affiliation: Anesthesia Technician, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Acibadem Kadikoy Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Pınar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guclu
authors.affiliation: Anesthesia Technician, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Acibadem Kadikoy Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Samime
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Durmaz
authors.affiliation: Pediatrician, Department of Pediatrics, Acibadem Kadikoy Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Canan Okuyucu
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Bilgili
mesh_terms: D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002585:Cesarean Section; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011247:Pregnancy
keywords: epidural anesthesia; general anesthesia; near infrared spectroscopy; newborn monitoring; obstetric anesthesia; obstetric delivery