title: Influence of composition on setting kinetics of new injectable and/or fast setting tricalcium silicate cements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  New commercial tricalcium silicate based cements were elaborated to improve handling properties and setting time. The goals of the present work were: (i) to determine the composition of the new injectable and/or fast setting calcium silicate based cements, and (ii) to investigate the impact of the differences in composition on their setting kinetics.
  
  
  METHODS
  The materials considered were Angelus MTA™, Biodentine™, MM-MTA™, MTA-Caps™, and ProRoot MTA™ as control. Elemental composition of materials was studied by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy and X-ray Energy Dispersive analysis, whereas phases in presence were analyzed by Micro-Raman spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction analysis and cement surface by Scanning Electron Microscope. Setting kinetics was evaluated using rheometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Elemental analysis revealed, for all cements, the presence of three major components: calcium, silicon and oxygen. Chlorine was detected in MM-MTA, MTA-Caps and Biodentine. Different radio-opacifiers were identified: bismuth oxide in ProRoot MTA, Angelus MTA and MM-MTA, zirconium oxide in Biodentine and calcium tungstate (CaWO4) in MTA-Caps. All cements were composed of di- and tri-calcium silicate, except Biodentine for which only the latter was detected. Major differences in setting kinetics were observed: a modulus of 8×10(8)Pa is reached after 12min for Biodentine, 150min for MM-MTA, 230min for Angelus MTA and 320min for ProRoot MTA. The maximum modulus reached by MTA-Caps was 7×10(8)Pa after 150min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even if these cements possess some common compounds, major differences in their composition were observed between them, which directly influence their setting kinetics.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Center for Research and Engineering on Biomaterials (CRIBIO), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: hugosetbon@gmail.com.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Setbon
authors.affiliation: Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences - Bio- and Soft-Matter, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Center for Research and Engineering on Biomaterials (CRIBIO), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Devaux
authors.affiliation: Earth and Life Institute - Environmental Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iserentant
authors.affiliation: Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; School of Dentistry and Stomatology, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Center for Research and Engineering on Biomaterials (CRIBIO), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leloup
authors.affiliation: Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; School of Dentistry and Stomatology, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Center for Research and Engineering on Biomaterials (CRIBIO), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Leprince
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D001729:Bismuth / Q000737:chemistry; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002713:Chlorine / Q000032:analysis; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D004338:Drug Combinations; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D015591:Microspectrophotometry; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D012212:Rheology; D012823:Silicate Cement / Q000737:chemistry*; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D012825:Silicon / Q000032:analysis; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D017973:Tungsten Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D015040:Zirconium / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003738:Dental Cements; D004338:Drug Combinations; C475480:MTA-Angelus; D010087:Oxides; D017640:Silicates; D017973:Tungsten Compounds; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D012823:Silicate Cement; C506393:tricalcium silicate; D002713:Chlorine; C018858:calcium tungstate; D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide; D010100:Oxygen; D002118:Calcium; D001729:Bismuth; D012825:Silicon
keywords: Biodentine; EDX; Mineral trioxide aggregate; Raman; Rheometry; SEM; Setting kinetics; Tricalcium silicate cements; XRD