title: Acoustic improvements after surgical correction in congenital heart disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hoarse or asthenic voice is frequently associated with various pediatric cardiac disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in voice physiology after surgical correction in patients with congenital heart diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed voice analysis using induced crying of 40 infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) such as ventricular septal defect (VSD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and atrial septal defect (ASD; 31 girls, 24 boys; mean age, 11 ± 8.9 months). Cries were serially recorded immediately prior to operation, then 1 week, and 1 month after surgical correction, respectively. Acoustic parameters, fundamental frequency (F0 ), duration of cry, noise to harmonic ratio (NHR), jitter, and shimmer, were extracted using Multi-Dimensional Voice Program™ (MDVP) a computerized speech analysis system. Cries were compared with 30 normal healthy infants of corresponding age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 25 infants with VSD, cry duration, jitter, and shimmer improved after the operation (P < 0.05). F0 and NHR, however, were not significantly different. F0 in patients with PDA improved, but was not statistically significant. The duration of cry, jitter, shimmer, and NHR improved in the PDA group (P < 0.05). The jitter and shimmer parameters improved significantly (P < 0.05), but F0 , cry duration, and NHR in patients with ASD did not show any significant changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Deviated voice patterns in pediatric patients with CHD can normalize after surgical correction. In addition, non-invasive analysis such as MDVP can be used to identify vocal paralysis, even in the early postoperative period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Chan Uhng
authors.initials: CU
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.forename: Yoon Mi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Sun Jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D014831:Voice / Q000502:physiology*; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: acoustic analysis; cardiovocal syndrome; crying; patent ductus arteriosus; ventricular septal defect; voice parameter