title: Beneficial effects of phosphatidylcholine on high-fat diet-induced obesity, hyperlipidemia and fatty liver in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Soybean-derived PC is an essential cell membrane phospholipid that is composed of unsaturated fatty acids, including oleic acid. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential alleviation effects of soybean PC on high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and its related complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  We fed C57BL/6 mice a HFD for 12 weeks and administered PC orally for 8 or 12 weeks at different doses. At the end of the experiment, blood was prepared for biochemical analysis and leptin ELISA. Aorta, epididymal and mesenteric fat and liver were removed surgically, weighed and observed for histological or immunohistochemical changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PC significantly prevented body weight gain and lipid accumulation and alleviated hyperlipidemia by decreasing triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels and the atherogenic index in serum or by increasing the HDL/TC ratio. Aortic apoE expression and serum leptin levels were suppressed by PC treatment in the HFD-induced obese mouse model. Elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels in HFD-fed mice were decreased in the PC groups. PC treatment significantly decreased HFD-induced liver weight and hepatic lipid accumulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PC treatment alleviated HFD-induced obese status and obesity-related complications such as hyperlipidemic changes that induce cardiovascular disease and NAFLD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ho Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yunsung
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Chungnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hak Rim
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chung-ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eon Sub
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Su Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Hyo
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Uy Dong
authors.initials: UD
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyoung-Chun
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chung-ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea; Christmas clinic, Sin-gal-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Keon Woong
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jhjeong3@cau.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Ji Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jeong
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000378:metabolism; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D020738:Leptin; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines
keywords: Apo-E; Dyslipidemia; High-fat diet; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; Obesity; Phosphatidylcholine