title: Cumulative health risk assessment of co-occurring mycotoxins of deoxynivalenol and its acetyl derivatives in wheat and maize: case study, Shanghai, China.
abstract: Humans are naturally and frequently exposed to a multitude of mycotoxins, but health risk assessments are usually performed on individual mycotoxins, which may underestimate the total risks. In this study, we assessed for the first time the cumulative health risks of concomitant exposure via dietary intake (DI) to multiple mycotoxins, namely deoxynivalenol (DON) and its acetyl derivatives of 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON) and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), based on the concentration addition (CA) concept. A cross-sectional study was conducted in seven districts in Shanghai, China with 1269 participants and 330 wheat and maize samples analyzed. After probabilistic analysis using Monte Carlo simulation, the results showed no health risks to the population in Shanghai considering individual mycotoxins. However, if the cumulative health risks were calculated based on the combined consideration of DON with either 3-ADON or 15-ADON or both, the DI values in 95th percentile were up to 1087 ng/kg body weight/day, exceeding the Provisional Maximum Tolerable Daily Intake (PMTDI) of 1000 ng/kg body weight/day and hence representing potential health risks to the population in Shanghai. The integrated study proposed here could be a model strategy for cumulative health risk assessment on the co-occurring hazards in the fields of food safety combined with environmental contaminants.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai 201403, China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Dongxia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.forename: Emmanuel Njumbe
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Ediage
authors.forename: Xianli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shuguang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Stephen L W
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: On
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Saeger
authors.forename: Aibo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D059022:Food Safety; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*; D035501:Uncertainty; D055815:Young Adult; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins; D014255:Trichothecenes; C007262:deoxynivalenol