title: The application of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and diffusion-weighted MRI in patients with maxillofacial tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the characteristics of four types of tumors, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), malignant lymphoma (ML), malignant salivary gland tumors (MSGTs), and pleomorphic adenoma (Pleo), in the maxillofacial region using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI）data.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 59 tumors were included in this research. DCE-MRI and DW-MRI were performed. We applied the Tofts and Kermode model (TK model) for the DCE-MRI data and obtained three dependent parameters: the influx forward volume transfer constant into the extravascular extracellular space from the plasma (K(trans)), the fractional volume of extravascular extracellular space per unit volume of tissue (ve), and the fractional volume of plasma (vp).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the K(trans) values, there were no significant differences between the three types of malignant tumors; however, there was a significant difference between the SCC and Pleo (P = .0099). The ve values of the Pleo were highest, with significant differences compared to the other categories (SCC, P = .0012; ML, P = .0017; and MSGT, P = .041). The ML had the lowest ve values, and there were significant differences between ML and the other two types of malignant tumors (SCC, P = .0278 and MSGT, P = .0062). In 14 (24%) cases, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) could not be measured because of poor image quality. The ADC values of the ML were lowest, whereas those of Pleo were highest, similar to that observed for ve.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Pleo tumors had lower K(trans) values and higher ve values, which are useful for differentiating them from the malignant tumors. Moreover, the ve was also useful for establishing a diagnosis of ML.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dental Science, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. Electronic address: kitamoto@rad.dent.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Erina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kitamoto
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dental Science, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chikui
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dental Science, Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shintaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Technology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohga
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Technology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kouji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshiura
authors.affiliation: Philips Electronics Japan, Ltd 2-13-37, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Obara
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dental Science, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshiura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005153:Facial Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D007573:Jaw Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA
keywords: ADC; DCE-MRI; TIC; TK model; head and neck tumor; pharmacokinetic analyses