title: Structural insights into endoplasmic reticulum stored calcium regulation by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and ryanodine receptors.
abstract: The two major calcium (Ca²⁺) release channels on the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (SR/ER) are inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and ryanodine receptors (IP3Rs and RyRs). They play versatile roles in essential cell signaling processes, and abnormalities of these channels are associated with a variety of diseases. Structural information on IP3Rs and RyRs determined using multiple techniques including X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and cryo-electron microscopy (EM), has significantly advanced our understanding of the mechanisms by which these Ca²⁺ release channels function under normal and pathophysiological circumstances. In this review, structural advances on the understanding of the mechanisms of IP3R and RyR function and dysfunction are summarized. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 13th European Symposium on Calcium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 443-749, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 443-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Duk
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Enomoto
authors.affiliation: Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishiyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Stathopulos
authors.affiliation: Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. Electronic address: mikura@uhnres.utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: Mitsuhiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate
keywords: Calcium release channel; Calcium signaling; Electron microscopy (EM); Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP(3)R); Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR); Protein structure; Ryanodine receptor (RyR); X-ray crystallography