title: Interplay between glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission alterations in cognitive and motor impairment in minimal hepatic encephalopathy.
abstract: The cognitive and motor alterations in hepatic encephalopathy (HE) are the final result of altered neurotransmission and communication between neurons in neuronal networks and circuits. Different neurotransmitter systems cooperate to modulate cognitive and motor function, with a main role for glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission in different brain areas and neuronal circuits. There is an interplay between glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission alterations in cognitive and motor impairment in HE. This interplay may occur: (a) in different brain areas involved in specific neuronal circuits; (b) in the same brain area through cross-modulation of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. We will summarize some examples of the (1) interplay between glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission alterations in different areas in the basal ganglia-thalamus-cortex circuit in the motor alterations in minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE); (2) interplay between glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission alterations in cerebellum in the impairment of cognitive function in MHE through altered function of the glutamate-nitric oxide-cGMP pathway. We will also comment the therapeutic implications of the above studies and the utility of modulators of glutamate and GABA receptors to restore cognitive and motor function in rats with hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Llansola
authors.affiliation: Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Montoliu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agusti
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hernandez-Rabaza
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cabrera-Pastor
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Belen
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gomez-Gimenez
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malaguarnera
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Sherry
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dadsetan
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Majedeline
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Belghiti
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garcia-Garcia
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Tiziano
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Balzano
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Lucas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Taoro
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: vfelipo@cipf.es.
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Felipo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
keywords: Cognitive function; GABAergic neurotransmission; Glutamatergic neurotransmission; Hepatic encephalopathy; Hyperammonemia; Minimal hepatic encephalopathy