title: The role of the ventral striatum in inflammatory-induced approach toward support figures.
abstract: Although considerable research has shown that inflammation leads to social withdrawal more generally, it is also possible that inflammation leads to social approach when it comes to close others. Whereas it may be adaptive to withdraw from strangers when sick, it may be beneficial to seek out close others for assistance, protection, or care when sick. However, this possibility has never been explored in humans nor have the neural substrates of these behavioral changes. Based on the role of the ventral striatum (VS) in responding to: (1) the anticipation of and motivation to approach rewarding outcomes and (2) viewing social support figures, the VS may also be involved in sickness-induced approach toward support figures. Thus, the goal of the present study was to examine whether inflammation leads to a greater desire to approach support figures and greater VS activity to viewing support figures. To examine this, 63 participants received either placebo or low-dose endotoxin, which safely triggers an inflammatory response. Participants reported how much they desired to be around a self-identified support figure, and viewed pictures of that support figure while undergoing an fMRI scan to assess reward-related neural activity. In line with hypotheses, endotoxin (vs. placebo) led participants to report a greater desire to be around their support figure. In addition, endotoxin (vs. placebo) led to greater VS activity to images of support figures (vs. strangers), and greater increases in inflammation (IL-6 levels) were associated with greater increases in VS activity. Together, these results reveal a possible neural mechanism important for sickness-induced social approach and highlight the need for a more nuanced view of changes in social behavior during sickness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, United States. Electronic address: t.inagaki@g.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Tristen K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Inagaki
authors.affiliation: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health and Society Scholars Program, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Keely A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Muscatell
authors.affiliation: Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7076, United States.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, United States.
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moieni
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, United States.
authors.forename: Janine M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dutcher
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, United States.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jevtic
authors.affiliation: Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7076, United States.
authors.forename: Elizabeth C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Breen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, United States. Electronic address: neisenbe@ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Naomi I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Eisenberger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004731:Endotoxins; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D055809:Illness Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012919:Social Behavior; D012944:Social Support; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D066328:Ventral Striatum / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: Close relationships; Cytokines; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Inflammation; Social approach; Social support