title: Detection of breast cancer in an FDG-PET cancer screening program: results of a nationwide Japanese survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) cancer screening program is defined as cancer screening for asymptomatic subjects using FDG-PET/computed tomography with or without combination of other screening tests. The aim of this study was to analyze the detection rate and effectiveness of the FDG-PET cancer screening program for breast cancer between 2006 and 2009 in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 62,054 asymptomatic female subjects underwent FDG-PET cancer screening. We analyzed 473 cases with findings of possible breast cancer in any screening tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 473 possible cases, 161 were verified as breast cancer. The relative sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of FDG-PET for breast cancer were 83.9% and 41.7%, respectively. The relative sensitivity and PPV of mammography (MMG) for breast cancer was less than for FDG-PET; results for breast ultrasonography (US) were close to FDG-PET. The combination of FDG-PET with MMG and US might contribute to increased sensitivity but does not improve PPV. Most breast cancer cases (83.0%) detected using the FDG-PET cancer screening program were stage 0 or I based on the Union for International Cancer Control criteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FDG-PET screening program in Japan detected breast cancer at an early stage. A combination of FDG-PET and MMG and/or breast US yields the best results for detecting breast cancer. The FDG-PET cancer-screening program alone cannot detect all breast cancers.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, National Center for Global Health, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan. Electronic address: ryogominamimoto@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Ryogo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Minamimoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Senda
authors.affiliation: Atsuchi Memorial Institute of Radiology, Atsuchi Memorial Clinic PET Center, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Seishi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jinnouchi
authors.affiliation: Division of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Terauchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Koga Hospital 21 PET Center, Kurume, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008327:Mammography; D008875:Middle Aged; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
keywords: Asymptomatic subjects; Breast ultrasound; Cancer staging; Mammography; PET/CT