title: Development and validation of the compliant and principled sportspersonship scale.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A new measure of sportspersonship, which differentiates between compliance and principled approaches, was developed and initially validated in 3 studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study 1 developed items, assessed content validity, and proposed a model. Study 2 tested the factorial validity of the model on an independent sample. Study 3 further tested the factorial validity on another independent sample as well as the construct validity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Study 1, a 71-item questionnaire was developed. Exploratory factor analysis reduced the questionnaire to a 6-factor, 33-item scale explaining 47.70% of the variance. Study 2 tested this revised questionnaire in a series of confirmatory factor analyses, presenting a 24-item and 5-factor model with acceptable fit, χ(2)(242) = 455.9, comparative fit index = .93, Tucker-Lewis Index = .92, standardized root mean square residual = .05, root mean square error of approximation = .04. Study 3 provided some evidence to support the construct validity of the 24-item scale using theoretically associated measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This series of studies provided some initial validity evidences of the Compliant and Principled Sportspersonship Scale.
authors.affiliation: a Leeds Trinity University.
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Clough
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Crust
authors.forename: Sam L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Nabb
authors.forename: Adam R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Nicholls
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D003163:Competitive Behavior; D004739:England; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D035863:Moral Development; D009042:Motivation; D011582:Psychological Theory; D011594:Psychometrics; D013177:Sports / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: factor analysis; moral behavior; morality; sportsmanship