title: Web-based interventions for youth internalizing problems: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review published reports on Web-based treatment and prevention programs for depression, anxiety, and suicide prevention in children, adolescents, and emerging adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic search of the PsycINFO, PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science databases was conducted in December 2013. Programs were classified according to evidence-base level (Well-Established, Probably Efficacious, Possibly Efficacious, Experimental, and Of Questionable Efficacy).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 14,001 citations initially identified, 25 articles met inclusion criteria for Web-based interventions. These described 9 programs, of which 8 were Internet based and 1 was a mobile application. No Web-based interventions for suicide prevention were identified. Of the randomized controlled trials (n = 14) and open trials (n = 3) identified, 10 reported significant postintervention reductions in symptoms of depression and/or anxiety or improvements in diagnostic ratings, with small to large effect sizes. Many of these studies also reported significant improvements at follow-up. The methodological quality of the studies varied. Many programs were limited by their small sample sizes and use of waitlist or no-treatment control groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is limited evidence for the effectiveness of Web-based interventions for youth depression and anxiety. Additional research and program development are needed to fill the current gaps in the literature.
authors.affiliation: New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI)/Columbia University Medical Center, New York City. Electronic address: reyespo@nyspi.columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Jazmin A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Reyes-Portillo
authors.affiliation: New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI)/Columbia University Medical Center, New York City.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mufson
authors.affiliation: New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI)/Columbia University Medical Center, New York City.
authors.forename: Laurence L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Greenhill
authors.affiliation: New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI)/Columbia University Medical Center, New York City.
authors.forename: Madelyn S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Gould
authors.affiliation: New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI)/Columbia University Medical Center, New York City.
authors.forename: Prudence W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.affiliation: New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI)/Columbia University Medical Center, New York City.
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tarlow
authors.affiliation: New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI)/Columbia University Medical Center, New York City.
authors.forename: Moira A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rynn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D003863:Depression / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult; D000092864:Suicide Prevention
keywords: Web-based intervention; anxiety; depression; emerging adult