title: LOX-1 in atherosclerotic disease.
abstract: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) exhibits various biological activities and accumulates in atheromas. LOX-1 (lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor) is the receptor that mediates oxidized LDL activity in vascular endothelial cells. Activation of LOX-1 results in oxidized LDL-induced endothelial dysfunction and hyperlipidemia-induced vascular lipid deposition. We hypothesized that LOX-1 is a candidate risk factor beyond LDL cholesterol (LDLC) and developed a novel assay to quantify LOX-1 ligand containing apoB (LAB). In men from the United States, serum LAB showed a significant positive association with carotid intima-media thickness, independent of LDLC. LAB and the LOX index (obtained by multiplying LAB by sLOX-1) were significantly associated with the incidence of coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke after adjusting for confounding factors, including non-HDL cholesterol. sLOX-1 is thought to be a better biomarker for early diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome than traditional biomarkers, including troponin T. LAB was associated with various atherosclerotic risk factors such as smoking, obesity, diabetes, diastolic hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and metabolic syndrome. Measurement of the soluble form of LOX-1 (sLOX-1) and LAB seems to be useful for evaluating the state and risk of atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis-related diseases. Further prospective studies using large populations and randomized clinical trials on sLOX-1, LAB, and the LOX index are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan. Electronic address: t-sawamura@umin.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sawamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wakabayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamura
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D000818:Animals; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D051127:Scavenger Receptors, Class E / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D015415:Biomarkers; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; C495137:OLR1 protein, human; D051127:Scavenger Receptors, Class E
keywords: Apolipoprotein B; Atherogenesis; Cardiovascular disease; Endothelial cell; Oxidized low-density lipoprotein; Scavenger receptor