title: Hospitalized smokers' expectancies for electronic cigarettes versus tobacco cigarettes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objectives of the current study were to compare hospitalized smokers' expectancies for electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) against their expectancies for tobacco cigarettes and evaluate relationships between e-cigarette expectancies and intention to use e-cigarettes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of baseline data from a one-year longitudinal observational study. The setting was a tertiary care academic center hospital in the Southeastern U.S. Participants were 958 hospitalized tobacco cigarette smokers. A questionnaire of e-cigarette expectancies based on the Brief Smoking Consequences Questionnaire-Adult (BSCQ-A) was developed and administered along with the original, tobacco-specific, BSCQ-A. Intention to use e-cigarettes was assessed with a single 10-point Likert scale item.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants reported significantly weaker expectancies for e-cigarettes relative to tobacco cigarettes on all 10 BSCQ-A scales. Participants held sizably weaker expectancies that e-cigarettes pose health risks (p<.001, Cohen's d=-2.07), relieve negative affect (p<.001, Cohen's d=-1.01), satisfy the desire for nicotine (p<.001, Cohen's d=-.83), and taste pleasant (p<.001, Cohen's d=-.73). Among the strongest predictors of intention to use e-cigarettes were greater expectancies that e-cigarettes taste pleasant (p<.001, adjusted β=.34), relieve negative affect (p<.001, adjusted β=.32), and satisfy the desire for nicotine (p<.001, adjusted β=.31).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hospitalized tobacco smokers expect fewer negative and positive outcomes from e-cigarettes versus tobacco cigarettes. This suggests that e-cigarettes might be viable though imperfect substitutes for tobacco cigarettes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. Electronic address: phendricks@uab.edu.
authors.forename: Peter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Hendricks
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. Electronic address: mgcases@uab.edu.
authors.forename: Mallory G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Cases
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. Electronic address: cbthorne@uab.edu.
authors.forename: Christopher B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Thorne
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. Electronic address: jcheong@uab.edu.
authors.forename: JeeWon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheong
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave. S., Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. Electronic address: kharring@uab.edu.
authors.forename: Kathleen F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Harrington
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. Electronic address: ckohler@uab.edu.
authors.forename: Connie L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Kohler
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave. S., Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. Electronic address: wcbailey@uab.edu.
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Bailey
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D066300:Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000523:psychology*; D033182:Intention; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D015144:Southeastern United States; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D062789:Tobacco Products; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: E-cigarettes; Electronic cigarettes; Expectancies; Hospitalized smokers; Smoking