title: The concepts and applications of tissue engineering in otorhinolaryngology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tissue engineering is a rapidly developing field that, making biological substitutes for the repair and regeneration of damaged tissues, will play an important role in the future of otorhinolaryngology.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this article we explain the principles of regenerative medicine and its potential applications in Otorhinolaryngology.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors searched the published literature on this topic, chose relevant references, and extracted and systematized the data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are some exciting possibilities for future treatments in otorhinolaryngology applying the concepts of tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital Center, Portugal. Electronic address: leandro.Ribeiro@live.com.pt.
authors.forename: Leandro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital Center, Portugal.
authors.forename: Eugénia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital Center, Portugal.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital Center, Portugal.
authors.forename: Diamantino
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Helena
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital Center, Portugal.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Robles
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital Center, Portugal.
authors.forename: António
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Faria E Almeida
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital Center, Portugal.
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Condé
mesh_terms: D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014732:Vibration; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid
keywords: Cuerdas vocales; Ear pinna; Ingeniería de tejidos; Oreja; Perforación de la membrana timpánica; Rhinoplasty; Rinoplastia; Tissue engineering; Trachea; Tráquea; Tympanic membrane perforation; Vocal cords