title: MALDI-MS and NanoSIMS imaging techniques to study cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbioses.
abstract: Cnidarian-dinoflagellate photosynthetic symbioses are fundamental to biologically diverse and productive coral reef ecosystems. The hallmark of this symbiotic relationship is the ability of dinoflagellate symbionts to supply their cnidarian host with a wide range of nutrients. Many aspects of this association nevertheless remain poorly characterized, including the exact identity of the transferred metabolic compounds, the mechanisms that control their exchange across the host-symbiont interface, and the precise subcellular fate of the translocated materials in cnidarian tissues. This lack of knowledge is mainly attributed to difficulties in investigating such metabolic interactions both in situ, i.e. on intact symbiotic associations, and at high spatial resolution. To address these issues, we illustrate the application of two in situ and high spatial resolution molecular and ion imaging techniques-matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) and the nano-scale secondary-ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) ion microprobe. These imaging techniques provide important new opportunities for the detailed investigation of many aspects of cnidarian-dinoflagellate associations, including the dynamics of cellular interactions.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: Christophe.Kopp@epfl.ch.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kopp
authors.affiliation: PRISM, University of Lille 1, EA 4550 - FRE3637 CNRS, Bat SN3, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wisztorski
authors.affiliation: UMR7138 University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Faculty of Science, 28 Avenue Valrose, BP 71, F-06108 Nice Cedex 2, France; UMR7138 Sorbonne University Paris 6, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, 7 quai Saint Bernard, 75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Revel
authors.affiliation: UMR7272 University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, Faculty of Science, 28 Avenue Valrose, BP 71, F-06108 Nice Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mehiri
authors.affiliation: UMR7138 University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Faculty of Science, 28 Avenue Valrose, BP 71, F-06108 Nice Cedex 2, France; UMR7138 Sorbonne University Paris 6, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, 7 quai Saint Bernard, 75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dani
authors.affiliation: UMR7272 University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, Faculty of Science, 28 Avenue Valrose, BP 71, F-06108 Nice Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Capron
authors.affiliation: CCMA, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Faculty of Science, 28 Avenue Valrose, BP 71, F-06108 Nice Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carette
authors.affiliation: PRISM, University of Lille 1, EA 4550 - FRE3637 CNRS, Bat SN3, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fournier
authors.affiliation: UMR7272 University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, Faculty of Science, 28 Avenue Valrose, BP 71, F-06108 Nice Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Massi
authors.affiliation: PRISM, University of Lille 1, EA 4550 - FRE3637 CNRS, Bat SN3, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mouajjah
authors.affiliation: CCMA, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Faculty of Science, 28 Avenue Valrose, BP 71, F-06108 Nice Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pagnotta
authors.affiliation: UMR7138 University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Faculty of Science, 28 Avenue Valrose, BP 71, F-06108 Nice Cedex 2, France; UMR7138 Sorbonne University Paris 6, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, 7 quai Saint Bernard, 75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Priouzeau
authors.affiliation: PRISM, University of Lille 1, EA 4550 - FRE3637 CNRS, Bat SN3, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salzet
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Advanced Surface Analysis, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meibom
authors.affiliation: UMR7138 University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Faculty of Science, 28 Avenue Valrose, BP 71, F-06108 Nice Cedex 2, France; UMR7138 Sorbonne University Paris 6, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, 7 quai Saint Bernard, 75005 Paris, France. Electronic address: Cecile.Sabourault@unice.fr.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sabourault
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003063:Cnidaria / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000502:physiology*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D018629:Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion; D013559:Symbiosis / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Cnidarian–dinoflagellate interaction; MALDI-MSI; NanoSIMS; Symbiosis