title: The LEA Grating Test in assessing detection grating acuity in normal infants less than 4 months of age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess binocular detection grating acuity using the LEA GRATINGS test to establish age-related norms in healthy infants during their first 3 months of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective, longitudinal study of healthy infants with clear red reflex at birth, responses to gratings were measured at 1, 2, and 3 months of age using LEA gratings at a distance of 28 cm. The results were recorded as detection grating acuity values, which were arranged in frequency tables and converted to a one-octave scale for statistical analysis. For the repeated measurements, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the detection grating acuity results between ages.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 133 infants were included. The binocular responses to gratings showed development toward higher mean values and spatial frequencies, ranging from 0.55 ± 0.70 cycles per degree (cpd), or 1.74 ± 0.21 logMAR, in month 1 to 3.11 ± 0.54 cpd, or 0.98 ± 0.16 logMAR, in month 3. Repeated ANOVA indicated differences among grating acuity values in the three age groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The LEA GRATINGS test allowed assessment of detection grating acuity and its development in a cohort of healthy infants during their first 3 months of life.
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas FCM-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil. Electronic address: giovana.martini@uol.com.br.
authors.forename: Giovana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martini
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas FCM-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Abimael A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Netto
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas FCM-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: André M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Morcillo
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas FCM-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Heloisa G R G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Gagliardo
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas FCM-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Denise F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005865:Gestational Age; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D014787:Vision Tests; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*