title: Cytogenetic, cross-mating and molecular evidence of four cytological races of Anopheles crawfordi (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand and Cambodia.
abstract: Twenty-nine isolines of Anopheles crawfordi were established from wild-caught females collected from cow-baited traps in Thailand and Cambodia. Three types of X (X1, X2, X3) and four types of Y (Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4) chromosomes were identified, according to differing amounts of extra heterochromatin. These sex chromosomes represent four metaphase karyotypes, i.e., Forms A (X1, X2, X3, Y1), B (X1, X2, X3, Y2), C (X2, Y3) and D (X2, Y4). Forms C and D are novel metaphase karyotypes confined to Thailand, whereas forms A and B appear to be common in both Thailand and Cambodia. Cross-mating experiments between the four karyotypic forms indicated genetic compatibility in yielding viable progenies and synaptic salivary gland polytene chromosomes. The results suggest that the forms are conspecific and A. crawfordi comprises four cytological races, which is further supported by very low intraspecific variation (mean genetic distance=0.000-0.018) of the nucleotide sequences in ribosomal DNA (ITS2) and mitochondrial DNA sequences (COI, COII).
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. Electronic address: atsaeung@mail.med.cmu.ac.th.
authors.forename: Atiporn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saeung
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Centre for Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: Visut
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Baimai
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Science (Establishment Project), Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sorawat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thongsahuan
authors.affiliation: Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Otsuka
authors.affiliation: Entomology Section, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, P.O. Box 7, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand.
authors.forename: Wichai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Srisuka
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kritsana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taai
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pradya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Somboon
authors.affiliation: Office of Disease Prevention and Control No. 10, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: Wannapa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Suwonkerd
authors.affiliation: National Center for Malaria Control, Parasitology and Entomology, Phnom Penh 12302, Cambodia.
authors.forename: Tho
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sochanta
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: Wej
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Choochote
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001947:Breeding; D002160:Cambodia; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000235:genetics; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000737:chemistry; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D007621:Karyotyping; D008677:Metaphase; D010802:Phylogeny; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D012730:Sex Chromosomes / Q000235:genetics; D013045:Species Specificity; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D045304:Cytochromes c
keywords: Anopheles crawfordi; COI; COII; Cross-mating experiments; ITS2; Metaphase karyotypes