title: Application of inverse gas chromatography in physicochemical characterization of phenolic resin adhesives.
abstract: One of the most important stages during production of abrasive tools is their hardening. The degree of hardening is very important and influence toughness of the final product. During hardening process the cross-linking of the phenolic resins, used as a binder, occurs. Nowadays, there is no standard, accurate and simple method for the estimation of the hardening degree of abrasive tools. The procedure of the determination of hardening degree of the binder (phenolic resins) by means of inverse gas chromatography (IGC) was presented in this paper. Results obtained by use of IGC derived method was verified by Soxhlet extraction and by FTIR method. Good agreement was found for results from IGC and Soxhlet extraction whereas those from FTIR were much lower. FTIR method supplies data concerning bulk properties not the surface as in case of IGC and Soxhlet methods. These results indicate that resins are more cross-linked on the surface than inside the material.
authors.affiliation: Poznań University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, pl. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 2, 60-965 Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Strzemiecka
authors.affiliation: Poznań University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, pl. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 2, 60-965 Poznań, Poland. Electronic address: Adam.Voelkel@put.poznan.pl.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Voelkel
authors.affiliation: Poznań University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, pl. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 2, 60-965 Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Mateusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hinz
authors.affiliation: Poznań University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, pl. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 2, 60-965 Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Mateusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rogozik
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D010636:Phenols
keywords: Degree of hardening; FTIR; Inverse gas chromatography; Phenolic resins; Work of adhesion