title: Society for maternal-fetal medicine (SMFM) special report: the maternal-fetal medicine subspecialists' role within a health care system.
abstract: A maternal-fetal medicine (MFM) subspecialist has advanced knowledge of the medical, surgical, obstetrical, fetal, and genetic complications of pregnancy and their effects on both the mother and fetus. MFM subspecialists are complementary to obstetric care providers in providing consultations, co-management, or transfer of care for complicated patients before, during, and after pregnancy. The MFM subspecialist provides peer and patient education and performs research concerning the most recent approaches and treatments for obstetrical problems, thus promoting risk-appropriate care for these complicated pregnancies. The relationship between the obstetric care provider and the MFM subspecialist depends on the acuity of the maternal and/or fetal condition and the local resources. To achieve the goal of promoting early access and sustained adequate prenatal care for all pregnant women, we encourage collaboration with obstetricians, family physicians, certified midwives, and others, and we also encourage providing preconception, prenatal, and postpartum care counseling and coordination. Effective communication between all obstetric care team members is imperative. This special report was written with the intent that it would be broad in scope and appeal to a diverse readership, including administrators, allowing it to be applied to various systems of care both horizontally and vertically. We understand that these relationships are often complex and there are more models of care than could be addressed in this document. However, we aimed to promote the development of a highly effective team approach to the care of the high-risk pregnancy that will be useful in the most common models for obstetric care in the United States. The MFM subspecialist functions most effectively within a fully integrated and collaborative health care environment. This document defines the various roles that the MFM subspecialist can fulfill within different heath care systems through consultation, co-management, and transfer of care, as well as education, research, and leadership.
authors.affiliation: Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, 409 12 St. SW, Washington, DC 20024, USA. pubs@smfm.org.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sciscione
authors.affiliation: Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, 409 12 St. SW, Washington, DC 20024, USA. pubs@smfm.org.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Berghella
authors.affiliation: Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, 409 12 St. SW, Washington, DC 20024, USA. pubs@smfm.org.
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blackwell
authors.affiliation: Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, 409 12 St. SW, Washington, DC 20024, USA. pubs@smfm.org.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Boggess
authors.affiliation: Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, 409 12 St. SW, Washington, DC 20024, USA. pubs@smfm.org.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Helfgott
authors.affiliation: Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, 409 12 St. SW, Washington, DC 20024, USA. pubs@smfm.org.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Iriye
authors.affiliation: Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, 409 12 St. SW, Washington, DC 20024, USA. pubs@smfm.org.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.affiliation: Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, 409 12 St. SW, Washington, DC 20024, USA. pubs@smfm.org.
authors.forename: M Kathryn
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Menard
authors.affiliation: Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, 409 12 St. SW, Washington, DC 20024, USA. pubs@smfm.org.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: O'Keeffe
authors.affiliation: Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, 409 12 St. SW, Washington, DC 20024, USA. pubs@smfm.org.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.affiliation: Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, 409 12 St. SW, Washington, DC 20024, USA. pubs@smfm.org.
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stone
mesh_terms: D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008880:Midwifery; D009774:Obstetrics; D010819:Physician's Role; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000628:therapy*; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012955:Societies, Medical; D013043:Specialties, Surgical; D014481:United States
keywords: Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM); care of high-risk pregnancy; consultation; maternal-fetal medicine subspecialist; obstetric care providers; scope of maternal-fetal medicine