title: Detection of interleukin-19 mRNA in C57BL/6 mice astroglial cells and brain cortex.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cell type. In addition to their neurological roles, astrocytes also have immune functions. They have been involved in antigen presentation in the central nervous system (CNS). Activated astrocytes express adhesion molecules, chemokines and release several inflammatory mediators, pro-inflammatory cytokines, neurotrophic and neuroprotective factors, thus these cells have a dual role within the CNS: neuroinflammation and repair processes. IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, IL-26, IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29 are members of the IL-10 family of cytokines. These cytokines have different biological functions in spite of partial amino acid sequences homology. Signal transduction of the IL-10 family of cytokines is through R1-type and R2-type receptors.
  
  
  METHODS
  No information has been available about the expression and regulation of IL-19 in mice astrocytes and brain. To investigate the expression of IL-19, we examined its expression in C57BL/6 mice astroglial cells in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We provide for the first time, evidence that astrocytes can express IL-19 mRNA following LPS stimulation. Furthermore, we have found the expression of IL-19 mRNA in the cortex of adult C57BL/6 mice following intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of LPS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This finding will contribute to current knowledge on the function and behavior of cells and mediators during inflammatory conditions in the brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Qazvin University Medical Sciences and Health Services,, Qazvin, Iran.
authors.forename: Bahareh Abd
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Nikfarjam
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Massoumeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ebtekar
authors.affiliation: National Institutes of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Farzaneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sabouni
authors.affiliation: Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pourpak
authors.affiliation: Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kheirandish
keywords: IL-19; Lipopolysaccharide; Mice Astroglial Cells; brain Cortex