title: Effects of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz., root bark on ICAM-1 expression and chemokine productions in vivo and vitro study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz., family Rutaceae is a well known anti-inflammatory agent for skin diseases such as eczema, pruritus and urticaria in Eastern countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the effects of methanol extract of Dictamnus dasycarpus root bark (MEDD) on Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression, epidermal hyperplasia and immune cell infiltration in 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced contact dermatitis (CD) mice. We also investigated its effects on the expression of ICAM-1, binding capacity to THP-1 cells, cytokine and chemokine production, and phosphorylation of NF-κB in human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Topical application of MEDD effectively inhibited ICAM-1 expression and epidermal hyperplasia in inflamed tissues. MEDD treatment also inhibited immune cell infiltration induced by DNFB. In addition, treatment with MEDD reduced surface expression and total amount of ICAM-1in HaCaT cells and effectively lowered the capacity to bind to THP-1 cells. MEDD also lowered the levels of IL-6, IL-8, monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES). Finally, MEDD treatment prevented activation of the NF-κB pathway induced by TNF-α in HaCaT cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus has the potential for treatment of inflammatory skin diseases as a complementary or alternative medicine to corticosteroids. In addition, they suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of Dictamnus dasycarpus on CD are involved in the regulation of ICAM-1 expression and cytokine and chemokine secretion through down-regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in keratinocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, South Korea. Electronic address: jikimi67@cyworld.com.
authors.forename: Hye-Yeon
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, South Korea. Electronic address: apollon@pusan.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Mi Heon
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, South Korea. Electronic address: rasfin@wku.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Guemsan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, South Korea. Electronic address: cjwsgm@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Won-Ju
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Cheon
authors.affiliation: Aquaculture Industry Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, South Korea. Electronic address: asc1dian@korea.kr.
authors.forename: Chu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, South Korea. Electronic address: wgan@pusan.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Won-Gun
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, South Korea. Electronic address: kronos7@pusan.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hyungwoo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, South Korea. Electronic address: sicho@pusan.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Su-In
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D003877:Dermatitis, Contact / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D036905:Dictamnus; D004139:Dinitrofluorobenzene; D004423:Ear / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D024301:Plant Bark; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018517:Plant Roots; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D004139:Dinitrofluorobenzene
keywords: Contact dermatitis; Dictamnus dasycarpus; ICAM-1; Inflammation; Traditional Chinese medicine