title: Tobacco smoking-response genes in blood and buccal cells.
abstract: Tobacco smoking is a well-known cause of various diseases, however, its toxic mechanisms for diseases are not completely understood, yet. Therefore, we performed biological monitoring to find tobacco smoking-responsive mechanisms including oxidative stress in Korean men (N=36). Whole genome microarray analyses were performed with peripheral blood from smokers and age-matched nonsmokers. We also performed qRT-PCR to confirm the microarray results and compared the gene expression of blood to those of buccal cells. To assess the effects of tobacco smoking on oxidative stress, we analyzed urinary levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation marker, and performed PCR-based arrays on reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes. As results, 34 genes were differently expressed in blood between smokers and nonsmokers (ps<0.01 and >1.5-fold change). Particularly, the genes involved in immune responsive pathways, e.g., the Fcγ-receptor mediated phagocytosis and the leukocyte transendothelial migration pathways, were differentially expressed between smokers and nonsmokers. Among the above genes, the ACTG1, involved in the maintenance of actin cytoskeleton, cell migration and cancer metastasis, was highly expressed by smoking in both blood and buccal cells. Concerning oxidative stress, smokers showed high levels of urinary MDA and down-regulation of expressions of antioxidant related genes including TPO, MPO, GPX2, PTGR1, and NUDT1 as compared to nonsmokers (ps<0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that systemically altered immune response and oxidative stress can be tobacco-responsive mechanisms for the related diseases. Based on consistent results in blood and buccal cells, expression of the ACTG1 can be a tobacco smoking-responsive biomarker.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Kyung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Na
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Minju
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Sil
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soo-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Jong Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Resources Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Myeon Woo
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: myang@sm.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Mihi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D003367:Cotinine / Q000652:urine; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000652:urine; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D003367:Cotinine
keywords: Buccal cells; Expression; Microarray; Network analysis; Reactive oxygen species (ROS); Tobacco smoking