title: Comparison of solid-state-cultured and wood-cultured Antrodia camphorata in anti-inflammatory effects using NF-κB/luciferase inducible transgenic mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Antrodia camphorata (AC), a highly valued polypore mushroom native only to Taiwan, has been traditionally used as a medicine for the treatment of food and drug intoxication, diarrhea, abdominal pain, hypertension, skin itching, and cancer. In this study, both of solid-state-cultured AC (S-AC) and wood-cultured AC (W-AC) were evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects on hyperoxia-induced lung injury in NF-κB-luciferase(+/+) transgenic mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The homozygous transgenic mice (NF-κB-luciferase(+/+)) were randomly assigned to four groups for treatment (n = 6) including Normoxia/DMSO group, Hyperoxia/DMSO group, Hyperoxia/S-AC group, and Hyperoxia/W-AC group. After 72 h of hyperoxia, we examined the bioluminescence images, reactive oxygen species (ROS), the mRNA and protein expression levels of inflammation factors, and histopathological analyses of the lung tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hyperoxia-induced lung injury significantly increased the generation of ROS, the mRNA levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8, and the protein expression levels of IKKα/β, iNOS and IL-6. Pulmonary edema and alveolar infiltration of neutrophils was also observed in the hyperoxia-induced lung tissue. However, treatment with either S-AC or W-AC obviously decreased hyperoxia-induced generation of ROS and the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, IKKα/β and iNOS compared to hyperoxia treatment alone. Lung histopathology also showed that treatment with either S-AC or W-AC significantly reduced neutrophil infiltration and lung edema compared to treatment with hyperoxia treated alone. To find out their major compounds, eburicoic acid and dehydroeburicoic acid were both isolated and identified from S-AC and W-AC by using HPLC, MS, and NMR spectrometry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrated that methanolic extracts both of S-AC and W-AC have excellent anti-inflammatory activities and thus have great potential as a source for natural health products.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Tang
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Tung
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tung-Chou
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yueh-Hsiung
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: China Medical University Hospital, and China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Ching
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jheng-Yue
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Hui
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhwa 515, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiao-Ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine and iEGG Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan. Electronic address: chchen1@dragon.nchu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chuan-Mu
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055491:Antrodia / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D018496:Hyperoxia / Q000188:drug therapy; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D025282:Mycelium / Q000737:chemistry; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D014934:Wood
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D016328:NF-kappa B; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase
keywords: Acute lung injury; Antrodia camphorata; Hyperoxia-induced inflammatory responses; NF-κB-luciferase(+/+) transgenic mice; Solid-state-cultured mycelia; Wood-cultured fruiting bodies