title: Bioconcentration of TNT and RDX in coastal marine biota.
abstract: The bioconcentration factor (BCF) was measured for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in seven different marine species of varying trophic levels. Time series and concentration gradient treatments were used for water column and tissue concentrations of TNT, RDX, and their environmentally important derivatives 2-amino-4,6-dintrotoluene (2-ADNT) and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-ADNT). BCF values ranged from 0.0031 to 484.5 mL g(-1) for TNT and 0.023 to 54.83 mL g(-1) for RDX. The use of log K ow value as an indicator was evaluated by adding marine data from this study to previously published data. For the munitions in this study, log K ow value was a good indicator in the marine environment. The initial uptake and elimination rates of TNT and RDX for Fucus vesiculosus were 1.79 and 0.24 h(-1) for TNT and 0.50 and 0.0035 h(-1) for RDX respectively. Biotransformation was observed in all biota for both TNT and RDX. Biotransformation of TNT favored 4-ADNT over 2-ADNT at ratios of 2:1 for F. vesiculosus and 3:1 for Mytilus edulis. Although RDX derivatives were measureable, the ratios of RDX derivatives were variable with no detectable trend. Previous approaches for measuring BCF in freshwater systems compare favorably with these experiments with marine biota, yet significant gaps on the ultimate fate of munitions within the biota exist that may be overcome with the use stable isotope-labeled munitions substrates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, 1080 Shennocossett Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA, mark.ballentine@uconn.edu.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ballentine
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tobias
authors.forename: Penny
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vlahos
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000378:metabolism*; D058448:Biota; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D014227:Triazines / Q000378:metabolism*; D014303:Trinitrotoluene / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014227:Triazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014303:Trinitrotoluene; C009160:cyclonite