title: Involvement of the nitrergic system in the proconvulsant effect of social isolation stress in male mice.
abstract: Social isolation stress (SIS) in adolescence is accompanied by neurobehavioral disturbances and pathophysiological changes in certain regions of the CNS such as the hippocampus. In this study, we tested whether SIS impacts seizure susceptibility in postnatal male mice due to a role of hippocampal nitric oxide (NO). To do this, we used the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) model of clonic seizures, open-field test, hole-board test, forced swimming test, and plasma corticosterone assay. We aimed to evaluate if 4 weeks of SIS is capable of decreasing seizure threshold along with altering affective and neuroendocrine responses in isolated conditioned (IC) animals in comparison with socially conditioned (SC) animals. In addition, we applied subeffective doses of NO precursor L-arginine (25, 50, and 100mg/kg) and NOS inhibitors 7-NI (15 and 40 mg/kg), aminoguanidine (50 and 100mg/kg), and L-NAME (10 and 15 mg/kg) to both IC and SC groups prior to the determination of seizure threshold. Injection of a single dose of all mentioned drugs did not induce changes in seizure threshold of SC mice. On the other hand, L-NAME and 7-NI, but not aminoguanidine, modulated the proconvulsant effect of SIS, while L-arginine augmented the latter effect. We also measured the hippocampal nitrite levels after the administration of the aforementioned drugs. Social isolation stress increased the nitrite levels in comparison with those in SC mice, whereas 7-NI and L-NAME, unlike aminoguanidine, mitigated the effect of SIS. Additionally, L-arginine boosted the effects of SIS on nitrite production. In summary, we showed that SIS enhanced seizure susceptibility in the PTZ model of clonic seizures through the activation of the nitrergic system in the hippocampus. Also, we proved that nNOS, but not iNOS, accounts for these changes following SIS.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Shayan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amiri
authors.affiliation: Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shirzadian
authors.affiliation: Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Arya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haj-Mirzaian
authors.affiliation: International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imran-Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahimi Balaei
authors.affiliation: Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Nastaran
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kordjazy
authors.affiliation: Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Dehpour
authors.affiliation: Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: ejtemam@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shahram Ejtemaei
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Mehr
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000378:metabolism*; D003292:Convulsants / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012934:Social Isolation; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D003292:Convulsants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole
keywords: Mice; Nitric oxide; PTZ-clonic seizure model; Social isolation; Stress