title: Role of the gluten-free diet on neurological-EEG findings and sleep disordered breathing in children with celiac disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether celiac children are at risk for EEG-neurological features and sleep disordered breathing (SDB), and whether an appropriate gluten-free diet (GFD) influences these disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  We consecutively enrolled 19 children with a new biopsy-proven celiac disease (CD) diagnosis. At CD diagnosis and after 6 months of GFD, each patient underwent a general and neurological examination, an electroencephalogram, a questionnaire about neurological features, and a validated questionnaire about SDB: OSA (obstructive sleep apnea) scores<0 predict normality; values>0 predict OSA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At CD diagnosis, 37% of patients complained headache that affected daily activities and 32% showed positive OSA score. The EEG examinations revealed abnormal finding in 48% of children. After 6 months of GFD headache disappeared in 72% of children and EEG abnormalities in 78%; all children showed negative OSA score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to our preliminary data, in the presence of unexplained EEG abnormalities and/or other neurological disorders/SDB an atypical or silent CD should also be taken into account.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Sleep Disease Centre, Child Neurology, NESMOS Department, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, S. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035-39, 00189 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parisi
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Sleep Disease Centre, Child Neurology, NESMOS Department, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, S. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035-39, 00189 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pietropaoli
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Sleep Disease Centre, Child Neurology, NESMOS Department, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, S. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035-39, 00189 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferretti
authors.affiliation: Celiac Disease and Malabsorptive Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Margherita 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nenna
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Sleep Disease Centre, Child Neurology, NESMOS Department, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, S. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035-39, 00189 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mastrogiorgio
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Sleep Disease Centre, Child Neurology, NESMOS Department, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, S. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035-39, 00189 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Del Pozzo
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Sleep Disease Centre, Child Neurology, NESMOS Department, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, S. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035-39, 00189 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Principessa
authors.affiliation: Celiac Disease and Malabsorptive Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Margherita 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonamico
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Sleep Disease Centre, Child Neurology, NESMOS Department, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, S. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035-39, 00189 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: mariapia.villa@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Villa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D055050:Diet, Gluten-Free; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Celiac disease; Electroencephalographic abnormalities; Gluten-free diet; Headache; Sleep disordered breathing