title: Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations and their mimics.
abstract: Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are abnormal communications between the pulmonary arteries and veins, which result in a right-to-left (R-L) shunt with resultant hypoxemia, the severity of which will depend upon the size and number of lesions. Most PAVMs occur in individuals with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) and are a cause of serious morbidity and mortality largely related to cerebrovascular complications secondary to paradoxical embolization. The importance of their recognition and treatment by embolization, even in the absence of symptoms, is well known. Their appearances on chest radiographs are often, but not always, characteristic and the CT appearances are diagnostic; however, there are a number of both vascular and non-vascular diseases that can cause confusion. This review serves to highlight these PAVM "mimics".
authors.affiliation: Department of Imaging, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.affiliation: Department of Imaging, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Roddie
authors.affiliation: NHLI Cardiovascular Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Shovlin
authors.affiliation: Department of Imaging, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK. Electronic address: james.jackson@imperial.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Jackson
mesh_terms: D000783:Aneurysm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017541:Aneurysm, False / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019043:Vascular Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging