title: Vitamin E Intake and Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis of 7 Case-Control Studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vitamin E intake may reduce the risk of renal cell carcinoma, but the results were inconsistent. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the association between dietary vitamin E intake and the risk of renal cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched PubMed to identify the relevant case-control studies up to June 2014. Reference lists of retrieved articles were also reviewed. Odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were used to estimate the association between dietary vitamin E intake and the risk of renal cell carcinoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 7 case-control studies regarding dietary vitamin E intake and risk of renal cell carcinoma, involving 5789 cases and 14866 controls. The odds ratio of renal cell carcinoma for the highest compared with the lowest dietary vitamin E intake was 0.75 (95% confidence interval: 0.59-0.91), and heterogeneity was observed across studies. The association between dietary vitamin E intake and the risk of renal cell carcinoma was not significantly differed by gender, but this association were inconsistent in the North American and European populations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study provided a evidence that there was a significant inverse association of dietary vitamin E intake with risk of renal cell carcinoma. However, this finding was based on the case-control studies, more well-designed cohort studies are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Yonggang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China. Electronic address: yshh8810@sina.com.
authors.forename: Shanhong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Guangwei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Chengcheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D014810:Vitamin E