title: acoustic assessment of a konjac–carrageenan tissue-mimicking material aT 5–60 MHZ.
abstract: The acoustic properties of a robust tissue-mimicking material based on konjac–carrageenan at ultrasound frequencies in the range 5–60 MHz are described. Acoustic properties were characterized using two methods: a broadband reflection substitution technique using a commercially available preclinical ultrasound scanner (Vevo 770, FUJIFILM VisualSonics, Toronto, ON, Canada), and a dedicated high-frequency ultrasound facility developed at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL, Teddington, UK), which employed a broadband through-transmission substitution technique. The mean speed of sound across the measured frequencies was found to be 1551.7 ± 12.7 and 1547.7 ± 3.3 m s21, respectively. The attenuation exhibited a non-linear dependence on frequency, f (MHz), in the form of a polynomial function: 0.009787f2 1 0.2671f and 0.01024f2 1 0.3639f, respectively. The characterization of this tissue-mimicking material will provide reference data for designing phantoms for preclinical systems, which may, in certain applications such as flow phantoms, require a physically more robust tissuemimicking material than is currently available.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. david.kenwright@ed.ac.uk
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Kenwright
authors.forename: Neelaksh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sadhoo
authors.forename: Srinath
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajagopal
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Carmel M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.forename: Patrick W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Hadoke
authors.forename: Gillian A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Bajram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zeqiri
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hoskins
mesh_terms: D031056:Amorphophallus / Q000737:chemistry*; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000737:chemistry*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D002351:Carrageenan