title: Controllable promotion of chondrocyte adhesion and growth on PVA hydrogels by controlled release of TGF-β1 from porous PLGA microspheres.
abstract: Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels have been candidate materials for cartilage tissue engineering. However, the cell non-adhesive nature of PVA hydrogels has been a limit. In this paper, the cell adhesion and growth on PVA hydrogels were promoted by compositing with transform growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) loaded porous poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres. The porous microspheres were fabricated by a modified double emulsion method with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as porogen. The average pore size of microspheres was manipulated by changing the BSA/PLGA ratio. Such controllable porous structures effectively influenced the encapsulation efficiency (Eencaps) and release profile of TGF-β1. By compositing PVA hydrogels with such TGF-β1-loaded PLGA microspheres, chondrocyte adhesion and proliferation were significantly promoted in a controllable manner, as confirmed by fluorescent imaging and quantitative CCK-8 assay. That is, the chondrocyte proliferation was favored by using PLGA microspheres with high Eencaps of TGF-β1 or by increasing the PLGA microsphere content in the hydrogels. These results demonstrated a facile method to improve the cell adhesion and growth on the intrinsically cell non-adhesive PVA hydrogels, which may find applications in cartilage substitution.
authors.affiliation: Polymers and Composites Division, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, PR China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: Polymers and Composites Division, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, PR China.
authors.forename: Guohua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Polymers and Composites Division, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, PR China.
authors.forename: Ruixia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China.
authors.forename: Haiping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China. Electronic address: liyaping36@126.com.
authors.forename: Yaping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Polymers and Composites Division, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, PR China. Electronic address: fujun@nimte.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D002356:Cartilage / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004339:Drug Compounding; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008863:Microspheres; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D020100:Hydrogels; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D019344:Lactic Acid; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol
keywords: Chondrocyte adhesion; Controlled release; Growth factor; Hydrogels; Porous microspheres