title: Basic effects of pulp refining on fiber properties--a review.
abstract: The requirement for high quality pulps which are widely used in paper industries has increased the demand for pulp refining (beating) process. Pulp refining is a promising approach to improve the pulp quality by changing the fiber characteristics. The diversity of research on the effect of refining on fiber properties which is due to the different pulp sources, pulp consistency and refining equipment has interested us to provide a review on the studies over the last decade. In this article, the influence of pulp refining on structural properties i.e., fibrillations, fine formation, fiber length, fiber curl, crystallinity and distribution of surface chemical compositions is reviewed. The effect of pulp refining on electrokinetic properties of fiber e.g., surface and total charges of pulps is discussed. In addition, an overview of different refining theories, refiners as well as some tests for assessing the pulp refining is presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: s_gharahkhani_248@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Samira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gharehkhani
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Emad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sadeghinezhad
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: salimnewaz@um.edu.my.
authors.forename: Salim Newaz
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Kazi
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hooman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yarmand
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Badarudin
authors.affiliation: Young Resarchers and Elite Club, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Safaei
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd Nashrul Mohd
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Zubir
mesh_terms: D004563:Electrochemistry; D010209:Paper; D014934:Wood / Q000737:chemistry*
keywords: Beating; Electrokinetic properties; Pulp refining; Refiner; Structural properties