title: Comparison between retrograde intrarenal surgery and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in the treatment of lower pole kidney stones up to 15 mm. Prospective, randomized study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) is currently the recommended treatment for intra-renal calculi smaller than 2 cm. However the low Stone Free Rate (SFR) in lower pole calculi gives rise to new techniques, such us retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS), for improve the surgery outcomes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of a treatment with ESWL with RIRS, in terms of SFR after surgery, in patients with kidney stones up to 15 mm in the lower pole.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was carried out in order to assess the results of ESWL and RIRS in patients with lower pole stones less than 15 mm. Among a total of 55 patients, 31 were underwent to ESWL (Group 1) and the remaining 24 to RIRS (Group 2). Clinical data recorded, including general characteristics of each patient, were: calculi size, side, operative time, complications according to Clavien scale, SFR and the presence of residual fragments at 2 months post-treatment assessed by a CT scan. STATA 11 was used to perform the statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences for general descriptors among groups with the exception of a significantly longer operative time for RIRS. The rates of SFR and residual fragments lesser than 3 mm. were lower in the RIRS group than in ESWL ones. RIRS also showed a lower rate of clinically significant fragments (0% vs 42.3%. P < .05). In the subgroup of patients with stones between 10/15 mm RIRS showed higher SFR (75% vs. 41.2%) and a lower rate of stones>3 mm (0% vs. 58.8%), being statistically significant (P < .05). Clavien III or higher complications were not reported in any of the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the treatment of lower pole stone RIRS has the same results than ESWL in terms of SFR. Regarding absence of a clinically significant residual fragment, RIRS was superior to ESWL. A bigger sample size is required in order to confirm this results.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Urología, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Vilches
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Urología, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aliaga
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Urología, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Urología, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sepulveda
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Urología, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mercado
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Urología, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moya
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Urología, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ledezma
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Urología, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hidalgo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Urología, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Olmedo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Urología, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address: fmarchantg@gmail.com.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marchant
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000601:surgery; D008096:Lithotripsy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Cirugía intrarrenal retrógrada; Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy; Litiasis polo inferior; Litotricia extracorpórea; Lower pole stones; Retrograde intrarenal surgery