title: Characterization of purified bacterial cellulose focused on its use on paper restoration.
abstract: Bacterial cellulose (BC) synthesized by Gluconacetobacter sucrofermentans CECT 7291 seems to be a good option for the restoration of degraded paper. In this work BC layers are cultivated and purified by two different methods: an alkaline treatment when the culture media contains ethanol and a thermal treatment if the media is free from ethanol. The main goal of these tests was the characterization of BC layers measured in terms of tear and burst indexes, optical properties, SEM, X-ray diffraction, FTIR, degree of polymerization, static and dynamic contact angles, and mercury intrusion porosimetry. The BC layers were also evaluated in the same terms after an aging treatment. Results showed that BC has got high crystallinity index, low internal porosity, good mechanical properties and high stability over time, especially when purified by the alkaline treatment. These features make BC an adequate candidate for degraded paper reinforcement.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellulose and Paper, INIA, Forest Research Center, Spain. Electronic address: santos@inia.es.
authors.forename: Sara M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellulose and Paper, INIA, Forest Research Center, Spain. Electronic address: chema@inia.es.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Carbajo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellulose and Paper, INIA, Forest Research Center, Spain. Electronic address: quintana.ester@inia.es.
authors.forename: Ester
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Quintana
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellulose and Paper, INIA, Forest Research Center, Spain. Electronic address: ibarra.david@inia.es.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ibarra
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellulose and Paper, INIA, Forest Research Center, Spain. Electronic address: nuria@inia.es.
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: mladerog@ucm.es.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ladero
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellulose and Paper, INIA, Forest Research Center, Spain. Electronic address: mariaeugenia@inia.es.
authors.forename: M Eugenia
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Eugenio
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellulose and Paper, INIA, Forest Research Center, Spain. Electronic address: villar@inia.es.
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Villar
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D041821:Gluconacetobacter / Q000378:metabolism; D006358:Hot Temperature; D010209:Paper; D016062:Porosity; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014783:Viscosity; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; D002482:Cellulose
keywords: Aging; Bacterial cellulose; Characterization; Paper restoration; Purification