title: Differences in interleukin 8 expression in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric mucosa tissues from patients in Bhutan and the Dominican Republic.
abstract: The outcomes of Helicobacter pylori infection vary geographically. H pylori strains, disease presentation, and environments differ markedly in Bhutan and Dominican Republic. The aims were to compare the strains, histology, and expression of interleukin (IL) 8 and IL-10 from gastric mucosa from the 2 countries. H pylori status was assessed by the combination of rapid urease test, culture, and histology. Histology was evaluated using the updated Sydney System, and cytokines in gastric biopsies were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). There were 138 subjects from Bhutan and 155 from Dominican Republic. The prevalence of H pylori infection was 65% and 59%, respectively. The genotype of cagA was predominantly East Asian type in Bhutan versus Western type in Dominican Republic. Gastritis severity was significantly higher in H pylori-infected subjects from Bhutan than those from Dominican Republic. IL-8 expression by H pylori infection was 5.5-fold increased in Bhutan versus 3-fold in Dominican Republic (P < .001); IL-10 expression was similar. IL-8 expression levels among H pylori-infected cases tended to be positively correlated with polymorphonuclear leucocyte and monocyte infiltration scores in both countries. IL-8 expression among those with grade 2 and 3 polymorphonuclear leucocyte and monocyte infiltration was significantly higher in Bhutan than in Dominican Republic. The difference in IL-8 expression in the 2 countries is reflected in the different disease pattern between them. Whether the dominant factor is differences in H pylori virulence, in host-H pylori-environmental interactions, genetic factors or all remains unclear. However, severity of inflammation appears to be a critical factor in disease pathogenesis. We compared IL-8 messenger RNA levels between the high gastric cancer risk country, Bhutan (mainly East Asian-type H pylori), and the lower gastric cancer risk country, Dominican Republic (mainly Western-type H pylori).
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu 879-5593, Japan; Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagashima
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu 879-5593, Japan; Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Shun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwatani
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Department of Science, Autonomous University of Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo 1355, Dominican Republic; Department of Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, Santiago Technological University, Santo Domingo 685, Dominican Republic.
authors.forename: Modesto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: Dominican-Japanese Digestive Disease Center, Dr Luis E. Aybar Health and Hygiene City, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jiménez Abreu
authors.affiliation: Dominican-Japanese Digestive Disease Center, Dr Luis E. Aybar Health and Hygiene City, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tronilo
authors.affiliation: Dominican-Japanese Digestive Disease Center, Dr Luis E. Aybar Health and Hygiene City, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Dominican-Japanese Friendship Medical Education Center, Dr. Luis E. Aybar Health and Hygiene City, Santo Domingo 1355, Dominican Republic.
authors.forename: Mildre
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Disla
authors.affiliation: Health Science Center, Oita University, Oita 870-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Terao
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pathology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu 879-5593, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Bangkok Hospital, Bangkok, 10310, Thailand.
authors.forename: Varocha
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mahachai
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Thammasat University Hospital, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
authors.forename: Ratha-Korn
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Vilaichone
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Jigme Dorji Wangchuk National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, Bhutan.
authors.forename: Lotay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tshering
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu 879-5593, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mitsui
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu 879-5593, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shiota
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: David Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu 879-5593, Japan; Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Electronic address: yyamaoka@oita-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamaoka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001631:Bhutan / Q000453:epidemiology; D001706:Biopsy; D004293:Dominican Republic / Q000453:epidemiology; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005756:Gastritis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005838:Genotype; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; D005819:Genetic Markers; C508609:IL10 protein, human; D016209:Interleukin-8; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C080866:cagA protein, Helicobacter pylori; D016753:Interleukin-10
keywords: Bhutan; CagA genotype; Dominican Republic; Helicobacter pylori; IL-8