title: The Shaping Healthy Choices Program: design and implementation methodologies for a multicomponent, school-based nutrition education intervention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide a framework for implementation of multicomponent, school-based nutrition interventions. This article describes the research methods for the Shaping Healthy Choices Program, a model to improve nutrition and health-related knowledge and behaviors among school-aged children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal, pretest/posttest, randomized, controlled intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four elementary schools in California.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourth-grade students at intervention (n = 252) and control (n = 238) schools and their parents and teachers. Power analyses demonstrate that a minimum of 159 students per group will be needed to achieve sufficient power. The sample size was determined using the variables of nutrition knowledge, vegetable preference score, and body mass index percentile.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicomponent school-based nutrition education intervention over 1 academic year, followed by activities to support sustainability of the program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dietary and nutrition knowledge and behavior, critical thinking skills, healthy food preferences and consumption, and physical activity will be measured using a nutrition knowledge questionnaire, a food frequency questionnaire, a vegetable preferences assessment tool, the Test of Basic Science Process Skills, digital photography of plate waste, PolarActive accelerometers, anthropometrics, a parent questionnaire, and the School and Community Actions for Nutrition survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Evaluation will include quantitative and qualitative measures. Quantitative data will use paired t, chi-square, and Mann-Whitney U tests and regression modeling using P = .05 to determine statistical significance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.
authors.forename: Rachel E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Scherr
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.
authors.forename: Jessica D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Linnell
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California Cooperative Extension, Davis, CA.
authors.forename: Martin H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Briggs
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bergman
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.
authors.forename: Kelley M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Brian
authors.affiliation: University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California Cooperative Extension, Merced and Stanislaus Counties, Modesto, CA.
authors.forename: Madan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dharmar
authors.affiliation: UC Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program, Agricultural Sustainability Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Feenstra
authors.affiliation: School Gardening Program, Agricultural Sustainability Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hillhouse
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.
authors.forename: Carl L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Keen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.
authors.forename: Lori M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California Cooperative Extension, Sacramento County, Sacramento, CA.
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California Cooperative Extension, Davis, CA.
authors.forename: Lenna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ontai
authors.affiliation: Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.
authors.forename: Sara E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.affiliation: University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California Cooperative Extension, Merced and Stanislaus Counties, Modesto, CA.
authors.forename: Theresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Spezzano
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.
authors.forename: Francene M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sutter
authors.affiliation: University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California Cooperative Extension, Davis, CA.
authors.forename: Janel E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.affiliation: Davis Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA.
authors.forename: Heather M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California Cooperative Extension, Davis, CA. Electronic address: sazidenbergcherr@ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: Sheri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zidenberg-Cherr
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D053198:Child Nutrition Sciences / Q000193:education*; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D002755:Choice Behavior; D005260:Female; D005522:Food Services; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012306:Risk; D012574:Schools
keywords: childhood nutrition; methodology; multicomponent interventions; nutrition education; school-based research