title: Lysozyme-coated silver nanoparticles for differentiating bacterial strains on the basis of antibacterial activity.
abstract: Lysozyme, an antibacterial enzyme, was used as a stabilizing ligand for the synthesis of fairly uniform silver nanoparticles adopting various strategies. The synthesized particles were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and TEM to observe their morphology and surface chemistry. The silver nanoparticles were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against several bacterial species and various bacterial strains within the same species. The cationic silver nanoparticles were found to be more effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3 compared to other bacterial species/strains investigated. Some of the bacterial strains of the same species showed variable antibacterial activity. The difference in antimicrobial activity of these particles has led to the conclusion that antimicrobial products formed from silver nanoparticles may not be equally effective against all the bacteria. This difference in the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles for different bacterial strains from the same species may be due to the genome islands that are acquired through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). These genome islands are expected to possess some genes that may encode enzymes to resist the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles. These silver nanoparticles may thus also be used to differentiate some bacterial strains within the same species due to variable silver resistance of these variants, which may not possible by simple biochemical tests.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, SBA School of Science & Engineering (SSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), DHA, Lahore Cantt 54792, Pakistan ; Current address: Fachbereich Physik Philipps Universität Marburg Renthof 7, D-35037 Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Sumaira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ashraf
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore 54800, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mariyam Asghar
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Chatha
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, SBA School of Science & Engineering (SSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), DHA, Lahore Cantt 54792, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Wardah
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ejaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, SBA School of Science & Engineering (SSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), DHA, Lahore Cantt 54792, Pakistan ; Current address: Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Hussnain Ahmed
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Janjua
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, SBA School of Science & Engineering (SSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), DHA, Lahore Cantt 54792, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Irshad
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hussain
keywords: Antimicrobial activity; Bacterial strains differentiation; Colony-forming units; Lysozyme; Silver nanoparticles