title: A high fat, high cholesterol diet leads to changes in metabolite patterns in pigs--a metabolomic study.
abstract: Non-targeted metabolite profiling can identify biological markers of dietary exposure that lead to a better understanding of interactions between diet and health. In this study, pigs were used as an animal model to discover changes in metabolic profiles between regular basal and high fat/high cholesterol diets. Extracts of plasma, fecal and urine samples from pigs fed high fat or basal regular diets for 11 weeks were analysed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) and chemometric analysis. Cloud plots from XCMS online were used for class separation of the most discriminatory metabolites. The major metabolites contributing to the discrimination were identified as bile acids (BAs), lipid metabolites, fatty acids, amino acids and phosphatidic acid (PAs), phosphatidylglycerol (PGs), glycerophospholipids (PI), phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and tripeptides. These results suggest the developed approach can be used to identify biomarkers associated with specific feeding diets and possible metabolic disorders related to diet.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
authors.forename: Jianghao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, USA.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monagas
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, USA.
authors.forename: Saebyeol
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, USA.
authors.forename: Aleksey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Molokin
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Harnly
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Urban
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, USA.
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Solano-Aguilar
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. Electronic address: pei.chen@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000378:metabolism; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011786:Quality Control; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D005227:Fatty Acids
keywords: Diet pattern; High-resolution mass spectrometry; Metabolomics; Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography