title: Comparative study on the treatment of raw and biologically treated textile effluents through submerged nanofiltration.
abstract: Raw and biologically treated textile effluents were submerged filtrated using lab-fabricated hollow fiber nanofiltration membrane with a molecular weight cut-off of about 650 g/mol. Permeate flux, chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction, color removal, membrane fouling, and cleaning were investigated and compared by varying the trans-membrane pressure (TMP) and volume concentrating factor (VCF). It was found that both raw and biologically treated textile effluents could be efficiently treated through submerged nanofiltration. The increase of TMP resulted in a decline in water permeability, COD reduction, color removal, and flux recovery ratio, while the increase of VCF resulted in both increased COD reduction and color removal. Under the TMP of 0.4 bar and VCF of 5.0, fluxes of 1.96 and 2.59 l/m(2)h, COD reductions of 95.7 and 94.2%, color removals of 99.0, and 97.3% and flux recovery ratios of 91.1 and 92.9% could be obtained in filtration of raw and biologically treated effluents, respectively. After filtration, the COD and color contents of the raw effluent declined sharply from 1780 to 325 mg/l and 1.200 to 0.060 Abs/cm, respectively, while for the biologically treated effluent, they decreased from 780 to 180 mg/l and 0.370 to 0.045 Abs/cm, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mengsi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Meihong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: yuschn@163.com.
authors.forename: Sanchuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: The Development Center of Water Treatment Technology, Hangzhou 310012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Congjie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D003116:Color; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D010539:Permeability; D013783:Textile Industry; D013784:Textiles; D014462:Ultrafiltration / Q000379:methods*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water
keywords: COD reduction; Color removal; Nanofiltration; Submerged filtration; Textile effluent