title: Child- and family-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy for pediatric bipolar disorder: a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have found that family-based psychosocial treatments are effective adjuncts to pharmacotherapy among adults and adolescents with bipolar disorder (BD). The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of adjunctive child- and family-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (CFF-CBT) to psychotherapy as usual (control) for mood symptom severity and global functioning in children with BD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-nine youth, aged 7 to 13 years (mean = 9.19, SD = 1.61) with DSM-IV-TR bipolar I, II, or not otherwise specified (NOS) disorder were randomly assigned to CFF-CBT or control groups. Both treatments consisted of 12 weekly sessions followed by 6 monthly booster sessions delivered over a total of 9 months. Independent evaluators assessed participants at baseline, week 4, week 8, week 12 (posttreatment), and week 39 (6-month follow-up).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants in CFF-CBT attended more sessions, were less likely to drop out, and reported greater satisfaction with treatment than controls. CFF-CBT demonstrated efficacy compared to the control treatment in reducing parent-reported mania at posttreatment and depression symptoms at posttreatment and follow-up. Global functioning did not differ at posttreatment but was higher among CFF-CBT participants at follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CFF-CBT may be efficacious in reducing acute mood symptoms and improving long-term psychosocial functioning among children with BD.
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois at Chicago. Electronic address: awest@psych.uic.edu.
authors.forename: Amy E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: West
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois at Chicago.
authors.forename: Sally M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Weinstein
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois at Chicago.
authors.forename: Amy T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois at Chicago.
authors.forename: Andrea C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois at Chicago; University of Alaska, Center for Alaska Native Health Research.
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.affiliation: Utah State University, but was with the University of Illinois at Chicago at the time the study was performed.
authors.forename: Rick A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois at Chicago.
authors.forename: Mani N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Pavuluri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005196:Family Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012917:Social Adjustment
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs
keywords: cognitive-behavioral therapy; family-focused intervention; pediatric bipolar disorder; randomized clinical trial