title: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-related adverse events: general overview.
abstract: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) represents a monumental advance in the management of patients with pancreaticobiliary diseases, but is a complex and technically demanding procedure with the highest inherent risk of adverse events of all routine endoscopic procedures. Overall adverse event rates for ERCP are typically reported as 5-10%. The most commonly reported adverse events include post-ERCP pancreatitis, bleeding, perforation, infection (cholangitis), and cardiopulomary or "sedation related" events. This article evaluates patient-related and procedure-related risk factors for ERCP-related adverse events, and discusses strategies for the prevention, diagnosis and management of these events.
authors.affiliation: Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, 1080 LMP, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: Tarun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rustagi
authors.affiliation: Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, 1080 LMP, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. Electronic address: priya.jamidar@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Priya A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Jamidar
mesh_terms: D001652:Bile Ducts; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004386:Duodenum / Q000293:injuries; D004939:Esophageal Perforation / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology*; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013270:Stomach / Q000293:injuries
keywords: Bleeding; Cholangitiis; Complications; ERCP; Pancreatitis; Perforation; Risk factors; Sphincterotomy