title: Decreased ATP synthesis and lower pH may lead to abnormal muscle contraction and skin sensitivity in human skin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sensitive skin represents hyperactive sensory symptoms showing exaggerated reactions in response to internal stimulants or external irritants. Although sensitive skin is a very common condition affecting an estimated 50% of the population, its pathophysiology remains largely elusive, particularly with regard to its metabolic aspects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of our study was to investigate the pathogenesis of sensitive skin.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited healthy participants with 'sensitive' or 'non-sensitive' skin based on standardized questionnaires and 10% lactic acid stinging test, and obtained skin samples for microarray analysis and subsequent experiments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microarray transcriptome profiling revealed that genes involved in muscle contraction, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and ion transport and balance were significantly decreased in sensitive skin. These altered genes could account for the abnormal muscle contraction, decreased ATP amount in sensitive skin. In addition, pain-related transcripts such as TRPV1, ASIC3 and CGRP were significantly up-regulated in sensitive skin, compared with non-sensitive skin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that sensitive skin is closely associated with the dysfunction of muscle contraction and metabolic homeostasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Ju
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Hun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon Kyung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Kyoung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Yun
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min Jung
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Won Woo
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Chul
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Eun
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jhchung@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jin Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D062565:Acid Sensing Ion Channels / Q000235:genetics; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D064211:Connectin / Q000235:genetics; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007509:Irritants / Q000633:toxicity; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C112231:ASIC3 protein, human; D062565:Acid Sensing Ion Channels; D064211:Connectin; D007509:Irritants; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels; C494482:TRPV1 protein, human; C577285:TTN protein, human; D019344:Lactic Acid; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide
keywords: ATP; Muscle contraction; Pain; Sensitive skin; TRPV1