title: Anomalous self-experience and childhood trauma in first-episode schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anomalous self-experiences (ASEs) are viewed as core features of schizophrenia. Childhood trauma (CT) has been postulated as a risk factor for developing schizophrenia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between CT, depression and ASEs in schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  ASEs were assessed in 55 patients in the early treated phases of schizophrenia using the Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience (EASE) instrument. Data on CT were collected using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, short form (CTQ-SF). This consists of 5 subscales: physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect. Assessment of depression was based on the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found significant associations between EASE total score and CTQ total score and between EASE total score and emotional neglect subscore in women, but not men. We also found significant associations between CDSS total score and CTQ total score and between CDSS total score and emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect subscores in women, but not men. In men we did not find any significant associations between EASE total score, CDSS total score and any CTQ scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CT was significantly associated with higher levels of ASEs in women in the early treated phases of schizophrenia, but not in men. This again associated with an increase in depressive symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Division of Mental Health, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway. Electronic address: elisabeth.haug@sykehuset-innlandet.no.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Haug
authors.affiliation: Division of Mental Health, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Merete
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Øie
authors.affiliation: NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Ole A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Andreassen
authors.affiliation: Division of Mental Health, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway.
authors.forename: Unni
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bratlien
authors.affiliation: Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Barnaby
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aas
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Health Research and Development, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Møller
authors.affiliation: NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Melle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult