title: The relationship between somatic and cognitive-affective depression symptoms and error-related ERPs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The symptoms that contribute to the clinical diagnosis of depression likely emerge from, or are related to, underlying cognitive deficits. To understand this relationship further, we examined the relationship between self-reported somatic and cognitive-affective Beck'sDepression Inventory-II (BDI-II) symptoms and aspects of cognitive control reflected in error event-related potential (ERP) responses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Task and assessment data were analyzed within 51 individuals. The group contained a broad distribution of depressive symptoms, as assessed by BDI-II scores. ERPs were collected following error responses within a go/no-go task. Individual error ERP amplitudes were estimated by conducting group independent component analysis (ICA) on the electroencephalographic (EEG) time series and analyzing the individual reconstructed source epochs. Source error amplitudes were correlated with the subset of BDI-II scores representing somatic and cognitive-affective symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We demonstrate a negative relationship between somatic depression symptoms (i.e. fatigue or loss of energy) (after regressing out cognitive-affective scores, age and IQ) and the central-parietal ERP response that peaks at 359 ms. The peak amplitudes within this ERP response were not significantly related to cognitive-affective symptom severity (after regressing out the somatic symptom scores, age, and IQ).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings were obtained within a population of female adults from a maximum-security correctional facility. Thus, additional research is required to verify that they generalize to the broad population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that individuals with greater somatic depression symptoms demonstrate a reduced awareness of behavioral errors, and help clarify the relationship between clinical measures of self-reported depression symptoms and cognitive control.
authors.affiliation: The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA. Electronic address: dbridwell@mrn.org.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bridwell
authors.affiliation: The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
authors.forename: Vaughn R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Steele
authors.affiliation: The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
authors.forename: J Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Maurer
authors.affiliation: The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
authors.forename: Kent A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kiehl
authors.affiliation: The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
authors.forename: Vince D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Calhoun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D005221:Fatigue / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D057566:Self Report; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: Cognitive control; Cognitive-affective symptoms; Depression; Error ERPs; Go/no-go; Somatic symptoms