title: Validation of an iPad visual analogue rating system for assessing appetite and satiety.
abstract: The study aimed to validate appetite ratings made on a new electronic device, the Apple iPad Mini, against an existing but now obsolete electronic device (Hewlett Packard iPAQ). Healthy volunteers (9 men and 9 women) rated their appetite before and 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after consuming both a low energy (LE: 77 kcal) and high energy (HE: 274 kcal) beverage at breakfast on 2 non-consecutive days in counter-balanced order. Rated hunger, desire to eat and how much participants could consume was significantly lower after HE than LE on both devices, although there was better overall differentiation between HE and LE for ratings on iPad. Rated satiation and fullness, and a composite measure combining all five ratings, was significantly higher after HE than LE on both devices. There was also evidence that differences between conditions were more significant when analysed at each time point than using an overall area under the curve (AUC) measure. Overall, these data confirm that appetite ratings made using iPad are at least as sensitive as those on iPAQ, and offer a new platform for researchers to collect appetite data.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brunger
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Research, Leatherhead Food Research, Randalls Road, Leatherhead, Surrey KT22 7RY, UK.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Re
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Research, Leatherhead Food Research, Randalls Road, Leatherhead, Surrey KT22 7RY, UK.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wickham
authors.affiliation: Department of Informatics, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Philippides
authors.affiliation: Department of Informatics, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK.
authors.forename: Phil
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Watten
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK. Electronic address: martin@sussex.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Martin R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Yeomans
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001066:Appetite; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001628:Beverages; D062408:Breakfast; D004644:Emotions; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D063731:Mobile Applications / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012527:Satiation; D064232:Visual Analog Scale; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Appetite; Electronic rating system; Hunger; Satiety