title: Isolation and prevention of calcium oxalate-induced apoptotic death and oxidative stress in MDCK cells by diosgenin.
abstract: Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) has been shown to be the most frequent constituent of kidney stones. The interactions of cells with COM crystals produce a variety of physiological and pathological changes including the development of oxidative stress, cellular injury and apoptosis. On the other hand, diosgenin, a steroidal sapogenin, is well known for its antioxidant activity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether diosgenin protects MDCK renal epithelial cells from COM-induced apoptotic death. Diosgenin was isolated from fruits of Solanum xanthocarpum by silica gel column chromatography. It was obtained in high yields (1.23%) and the purity was ascertained by HPTLC analysis. Characterization of diosgenin was done by mp, UV-visible spectrophotometry, elemental analysis, FT-IR, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR analysis. Cells were co-incubated with COM (80μg/cm(2)) and diosgenin (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10μg/mL) for 24h. It was found that diosgenin attenuated the apoptotic death induced by COM as measured in terms of cell viability, caspase -9/3 activities and DNA fragmentation percent. The inhibitory role of diosgenin on caspase -9/3 activities was also analyzed using molecular docking experiments, which showed interactions to their active sites by H-bonds. Diosgenin also attenuated the increase in lipid peroxidation and glutathione depletion induced by COM crystals. In conclusion, the preventive effect of diosgenin is associated to the inhibition of oxidative stress and caspases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India. Electronic address: sarmistha_pharmacol@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Sarmistha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India.
authors.forename: Gagan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goswami
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Sreenidhi PG College, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500036, India. Electronic address: p_anupama2002@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Anupama
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pandrangi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000633:toxicity*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D003374:Coumarins / Q000737:chemistry; D004144:Diosgenin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004285:Dogs; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D061985:Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000737:chemistry; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D032322:Solanum
chemical_list: C112287:Ac-aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartyl-aminomethylcoumarin; D003374:Coumarins; D009842:Oligopeptides; D020011:Protective Agents; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; C000614154:acetyl-leucyl-glutamyl-histidyl-aspartyl-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; D005978:Glutathione; D004144:Diosgenin
keywords: Apoptosis; Calcium oxalate; Caspases; Diosgenin