title: [Microbiological diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection].
abstract: This document attempts to update the main tasks and roles of the Clinical Microbiology laboratory in HIV diagnosis and monitoring. The document is divided into three parts. The first deals with HIV diagnosis and how serological testing has changed in the last few years, aiming to improve diagnosis and to minimize missed opportunities for diagnosis. Technological improvements for HIV Viral Load are shown in the second part of the document, which also includes a detailed description of the clinical significance of low-level and very low-level viremia. Finally, the third part of the document deals with resistance to antiretroviral drugs, incorporating clinical indications for integrase and tropism testing, as well as the latest knowledge on minority variants.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, España.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Álvarez Estévez
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Microbiología, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, España.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reina González
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Microbiología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, España.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aguilera Guirao
authors.affiliation: Centro Sanitario Sandoval, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodríguez Martín
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, España. Electronic address: fegarcia@ugr.es.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: García García
mesh_terms: D015492:AIDS Serodiagnosis / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D000465:Algorithms; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy; D019562:Viral Load; D014766:Viremia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents
keywords: Carga viral plasmática; Diagnóstico serológico; Human immunodeficiency virus; Plasma viral load; Resistance to antiretrovirals; Resistencias a antirretrovirales; Serological diagnosis; Virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana