title: The role of circulating lipoprotein lipase and adiponectin on the particle size of remnant lipoproteins in patients with diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The factors regulating particle size of remnant lipoproteins (RLPs) in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) cases have not been well elucidated.
  
  
  METHODS
  T2DM, MetS and healthy controls with and without a fatty liver were studied. Remnant lipoprotein (RLP)-cholesterol (RLP-C) and RLP-triglyceride (RLP-TG), small dense LDL-cholesterol (sdLDL-C), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL) and adiponectin concentrations were measured in the fasting pre-heparin plasma. The RLP particle size was estimated by the RLP-TG/RLP-C ratio.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum TG, RLP-C, RLP-TG, RLP-TG/RLP-C ratio and sdLDL-C were significantly greater in T2DM and MetS than in controls. Fatty liver and high serum TG were significantly associated with an increased RLP-TG/RLP-C ratio which was used to estimate the particle size of RLP in controls, T2DM and MetS. LPL and adiponectin in the pre-heparin plasma were inversely correlated with RLP-TG/RLP-C ratio in normal, T2DM and MetS. LPL was also positively correlated with adiponectin in all three cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RLP particle size in T2DM and MetS was significantly larger than in controls and was regulated by circulating LPL and adiponectin, but not HTGL. Fatty liver and high TG were significantly associated with the prevalence of the large RLP particle size.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Hidaka Hospital, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan. Electronic address: takahsi830530@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirakawa
authors.affiliation: Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Hidaka Hospital, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan; Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan; Department of General Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.affiliation: Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Hidaka Hospital, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yatsuzuka
authors.affiliation: Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Hidaka Hospital, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Younosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimomura
authors.affiliation: Department of General Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Machida
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sumino
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murakami
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D005215:Fasting; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008049:Lipase / Q000097:blood; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase / Q000097:blood*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010316:Particle Size; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D008074:Lipoproteins; D014280:Triglycerides; C030104:lipoprotein cholesterol; C030087:lipoprotein triglyceride; D002784:Cholesterol; D008049:Lipase; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase
keywords: Adiponectin; Diabetes mellitus (DM); Lipoprotein lipase (LPL); Metabolic syndrome (MetS); RLP-TG/RLP-C ratio; Remnant lipoproteins (RLPs)