title: Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy for lip mucous membrane venous malformation in infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lip mucous membrane venous malformations are common benign lesions in infants. This clinical study evaluates the efficacy and safety of liquid nitrogen cryotherapy used to treat this condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 84 pediatric patients undergoing liquid nitrogen cryotherapy for venous malformations involving the lips were reviewed, with 45 males and 39 females treated. The overall median age at mucous membrane venous malformation diagnosis was 5.6 months (range 2-18 months). The venous malformations involved the vermilion of the lower lip in 44 cases, the vermilion of the upper lip in 31 cases, and both vermilions in 9 cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No complications due to anesthesia occurred. After a follow-up period of 2-38 months (mean 25 months), 65 lesions (77.4 %) were completely involuted, 14 lesions (16.7 %) were mostly involuted, and 5 lesions (5.9 %) were partially involuted; no lesions showed a minor amount of involution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy is an effective, simple, and safe management tool for mucous membrane venous malformations of the lip in infants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yan-jiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Da-Ming
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: You-Yuan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhao-Yu
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Zhao-Hui
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wei-Liang
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D003452:Cryosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008046:Lip / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000601:surgery; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D054079:Vascular Malformations / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D009584:Nitrogen