title: Influence of different palate repair protocols on facial growth in unilateral complete cleft lip and palate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To address the question of whether one- or two-stage palatal treatment protocol has fewer detrimental effects on craniofacial growth in patients aged 5 years with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients with non-syndromic unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCCLPs) who had received primary cleft lip repair at age 6-12 months and cleft palate repair at age 18-30 months were selected in this study. Eighteen UCCLP patients who received two-stage palate repair were selected as group 1, and 22 UCCLP patients who received one-stage palate repair were selected as group 2. The control group consisted of 20 patients with unilateral incomplete cleft lip (UICL patients) whose age and gender matched with UCCLP patients. A one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to analyze the nature of data distribution. Bonferroni test and Kruskal-Wallis H tests were used for multiple comparisons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both case groups showed reduced maxillary sagittal length (ANS-PMP, A-PM, p < 0.05) and retrusion of the maxilla (S-Ptm, p < 0.05), A point and ANS point (Ba-N-A, Ba-N-ANS, p < 0.05). Patients treated with two-stage palate repair had a reduced posterior maxillary vertical height (R-PMP, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicated that maxillary sagittal length and position could be perturbed by both one- and two-stage palate repair. Vomer flap repair inhibited maxilla vertical growth. Delayed hard palate repair showed less detrimental effects on maxillary growth compared to early hard palate repair in UCCLP patients aged 5 years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: xuxue2008hx@163.com.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyuk-Jae
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: leechenghao_cn@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Chenghao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D059925:Anatomic Landmarks / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000601:surgery*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology; D008445:Maxillofacial Development / Q000502:physiology*; D010159:Palate / Q000601:surgery*; D021362:Palate, Hard / Q000601:surgery; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000601:surgery; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000601:surgery; D014716:Vertical Dimension; D055172:Vomer / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Cleft palate; Facial skeleton growth; One-stage palate repair; Two-stage palate repair; Vomer flap