title: Decreased functional connectivity in an executive control network is related to impaired executive function in Internet gaming disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Resting brain spontaneous neural activities across cortical regions have been correlated with specific functional properties in psychiatric groups. Individuals with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) demonstrate impaired executive control. Thus, it is important to examine executive control networks (ECNs) during resting states and their relationships to executive control during task performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five IGD and 36 healthy control participants underwent a resting-state fMRI scan and performed a Stroop task inside and outside of the MRI scanner. Correlations between Stroop effect and functional connectivity among ECN regions of interest (ROIs) were calculated within and between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IGD subjects show lower functional connectivity in ECNs than do HC participants during resting state; functional-connectivity measures in ECNs were negatively correlated with Stroop effect and positively correlated with brain activations in executive-control regions across groups. Within groups, negative trends were found between Stroop effect and functional connectivity in ECNs in IGD and HC groups, separately; positive trends were found between functional connectivity in ECNs and brain activations in Stroop task in IGD and HC groups, separately.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher functional connectivity in ECNs may underlie better executive control and may provide resilience with respect to IGD. Lower functional connectivity in ECNs may represent an important feature in understanding and treating IGD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, PR China. Electronic address: dongguangheng@zjnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guangheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Department of Neurobiology and Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States.
authors.forename: Marc N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Potenza
mesh_terms: D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology*; D057190:Stroop Test; D018910:Video Games / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Behavioral addiction; Executive control network; Functional connectivity; Internet gaming disorder; Resting state fMRI