title: Difference in maxillary sinus volumes of patients with cleft lip and palate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sinus disease is noted to be common in patients with cleft lip and palate. Many have wondered if anatomic differences are a cause or at least a contributor of this. In this sense, comparisons of sinus volumes of patients with different craniofacial clefts may be helpful to determine possible differences from normal. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate and compare the maxillary sinus volume of patients with unilateral (UCLP) and bilateral (BCLP) cleft lip and palate to control, i.e. non-cleft patients, using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 30 subjects with UCLP, 15 with BCLP and 15 control individuals (non-cleft). Each maxillary sinus was assessed three-dimensionally, segmented and its volume was calculated. The comparison between right and left sinus was performed by Student t-test, and the differences between the control and cleft groups were calculated using ANOVA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistical differences were found when the sides were compared (p>0.05). In relation to the assessment among groups, all comparisons had statistically significant differences (p<0.05), with the UCLP group presenting the lowest sinus volume.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UCLP individuals present maxillary sinuses with smaller volumes, without differences found between the cleft and non-cleft side. BCLP subjects also present a reduction in the volume when compared to a control sample, but the average sinus volume is larger than in UCLP patients.
authors.affiliation: Departament of Oral Diagnosis, Division of Oral Radiology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Limeira Avenue, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: gabriellalopes@live.com.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lopes de Rezende Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 001 Brauer Hall, Manning Dr & Columbia St. Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Electronic address: luiz_pimenta@unc.edu.
authors.forename: Luiz André
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Pimenta
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: bhpretti@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Henrique
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pretti
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 149 Brauer Hall, Manning Dr & Columbia St. Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Electronic address: brent_golden@unc.edu.
authors.forename: Brent A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Golden
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 170 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Electronic address: jayrob0723@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 170 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Electronic address: amelia_drake@unc.edu.
authors.forename: Amelia Fischer
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Drake
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
keywords: Cone-beam computed tomography; Maxillary sinus; Orofacial cleft