title: Antioxidant activity and phenolic profile of various morphological parts of underutilised Baccaurea angulata fruit.
abstract: Baccaurea angulata is an underutilised tropical fruit of Borneo Island of Malaysia. The effect of solvents was examined on yield, total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC), total carotene content (TCC), free radical scavenging activities and lipid peroxidation inhibition activities. The results indicated that the pulp (edible portion) had the highest yield, while methanol extracts were significantly (p < 0.01) found to contain higher TPC, TFC and TCC than phosphate buffered saline (PBS) extracts for all the fruits parts. The methanol extracts also showed remarkable antiradical activity and significant lipid peroxidation inhibition activities, with their IC50 results highly comparable to that of commercial blueberry. The variations in the results among the extracts suggest different interactions, such as negative or antagonistic (interference), additive and synergistic effect interactions. The study indicated that B. angulata like other underutilised tropical fruits contained remarkable primary antioxidants. Thus, the fruit has the potential to be sources of antioxidant components.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Istana, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Idris Adewale
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Istana, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Maryam Abimbola
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mikail
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Istana, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Electronic address: abumaisarah@iium.edu.my.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bin Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Istana, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Norazlanshah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bin Hazali
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Istana, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohammad Syaiful Bahari Abdul
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rasad
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Istana, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Radiah Abdul
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ghani
authors.affiliation: Integrated Centre for Research Animal Care and Use (ICRACU), International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Istana, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ridhwan Abdul
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Wahab
authors.affiliation: Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Istana, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Solachuddin Jahuari
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Arief
authors.affiliation: Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI), 93050 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohammad Noor Adros
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Yahya
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D019665:Euphorbiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002338:Carotenoids; D001205:Ascorbic Acid
keywords: 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (PubChem CID: 74358); Ascorbic acid (PubChem CID: 54670067); Baccaurea angulata; Caffeic acid (PubChem CID: 689043); Carnosic acid (PubChem CID: 65126); Catechin (PubChem CID: 9064); Cinnamic acid (PubChem CID: 444539); Free radical scavenging activities; Linoleic acid (PubChem CID: 5280450); Linoleic acid peroxidation; Phosphatidylcholine (PubChem CID: 45266626); Total carotene contents; Total flavonoids contents; Total phenolic contents; Vanillic acid (PubChem CID: 8468); β-Carotene (PubChem CID: 5280489)