title: Distinguishing between autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by using behavioral checklists, cognitive assessments, and neuropsychological test battery.
abstract: Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) share many common symptoms, including attention deficit, behavioral problems, and difficulties with social skills. The aim of this study was to distinguish between ASD and ADHD by identifying the characteristic features of both the disorders, by using multidimensional assessments, including screening behavioral checklists, cognitive assessments, and comprehensive neurological battery. After screening for comorbid disorders, we carefully selected age-, sex-, IQ-, and socio-economic status-matched children with typical development (TD). In the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children, a lower score was observed for the ASD group than for the TD group in Picture concept, which is a subscale of perceptual reasoning. A lower score was shown by the ADHD group than by the TD group in the spatial working memory test in the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB(®)). Although ASD and ADHD have many similar symptoms, they can be differentiated by focusing on the behavioral and cognitive characteristics of executive function.
authors.affiliation: Tokyo University of Social Welfare, 2-13-32, Marunouchi Naka-ku, Nagoya-City 460-0002, Japan. Electronic address: matuuranaomi@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 MatsuokaShimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishitobi
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3 MatsuokaShimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193 Japan; Developmental Emotional Intelligence, Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, Department of Child Development United Graduate School of Child Development,23-3 MatsuokaShimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Sumiyoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.affiliation: Hiratani Pediatric Clinic, 1409-2 Kitayotsui, Fukui-shi, Fukui 918-8205, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 MatsuokaShimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3 MatsuokaShimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193 Japan.
authors.forename: Mizuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 MatsuokaShimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inohara
authors.affiliation: Tokyo University of Social Welfare, 2-13-32, Marunouchi Naka-ku, Nagoya-City 460-0002, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadamasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Narimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 MatsuokaShimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3 MatsuokaShimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193 Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3 MatsuokaShimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193 Japan; Hiratani Pediatric Clinic, 1409-2 Kitayotsui, Fukui-shi, Fukui 918-8205, Japan.
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiratani
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 MatsuokaShimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3 MatsuokaShimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193 Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kosaka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D057189:Checklist; D002648:Child; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003071:Cognition; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: ADHD; ASD; Behavioral assessments; CANTAB(®); WISC-IV