title: Myocardial calcifications: pathophysiology, etiologies, differential diagnoses, and imaging findings.
abstract: Myocardial calcifications are not uncommonly encountered by the cardiac imager and may have a range of imaging appearances, from focal calcific deposits to diffuse myocardial involvement. A number of pathological processes can both cause and result from myocardial calcification; therefore, accurate identification and characterization are important. This pictorial essay will review the mechanisms, etiologies, imaging features, and differential diagnoses of myocardial calcification with imaging examples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 601 N. Caroline St., Room 4214, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Nance
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Carnegie 417, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Genevieve M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Crane
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Carnegie 417, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Marc K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Halushka
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 601 N. Caroline St., Room 4214, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Elliot K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Fishman
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 601 N. Caroline St., Room 4214, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. Electronic address: stefan.zimmerman@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Stefan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Cardiovascular CT; Myocardial calcification