title: Soft sensor for real-time cement fineness estimation.
abstract: This paper describes the design and implementation of soft sensors to estimate cement fineness. Soft sensors are mathematical models that use available data to provide real-time information on process variables when the information, for whatever reason, is not available by direct measurement. In this application, soft sensors are used to provide information on process variable normally provided by off-line laboratory tests performed at large time intervals. Cement fineness is one of the crucial parameters that define the quality of produced cement. Providing real-time information on cement fineness using soft sensors can overcome limitations and problems that originate from a lack of information between two laboratory tests. The model inputs were selected from candidate process variables using an information theoretic approach. Models based on multi-layer perceptrons were developed, and their ability to estimate cement fineness of laboratory samples was analyzed. Models that had the best performance, and capacity to adopt changes in the cement grinding circuit were selected to implement soft sensors. Soft sensors were tested using data from a continuous cement production to demonstrate their use in real-time fineness estimation. Their performance was highly satisfactory, and the sensors proved to be capable of providing valuable information on cement grinding circuit performance. After successful off-line tests, soft sensors were implemented and installed in the control room of a cement factory. Results on the site confirm results obtained by tests conducted during soft sensor development.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia. Electronic address: darkos@uns.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Darko
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stanišić
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia. Electronic address: nikolaj@uns.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Nikola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jorgovanović
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia. Electronic address: npopov@uns.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Nikola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Popov
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia. Electronic address: velimir@uns.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Velimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Čongradac
keywords: Cement fineness; Estimation; Neural-network models; Product quality; Soft sensors