title: Evaluation of the different sleep-disordered breathing patterns of the compressed tracheal sound.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Suitability of the compressed tracheal sound signal for screening different sleep-disordered breathing patterns was evaluated. The previous results suggest that the plain pattern in the compressed sound signal represents mostly normal, unobstructed breathing, the thick pattern consists of periodic apneas/hypopneas and during the thin pattern, flow limitation in the nasal cannula signal is abundant.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven patients underwent a polysomnography with a tracheal sound and oesophageal pressure monitoring. The tracheal sound data was compressed and scored visually into three different breathing patterns. The percentage of oesophageal pressure values under -8cm H2O, the minimum pressure value and the average duration of the breathing cycles were extracted from 10-min episodes of those plain, thick and thin patterns. In addition, the spectral contents of the tracheal sound during the different breathing patterns were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of time when the oesophageal pressure negativity increased was highest during the thin pattern and lowest during the plain pattern. In addition, the thin pattern presented most high frequency components in the 1001-2000Hz frequency band of the tracheal sound.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results confirmed our previous findings that both the thick and thin patterns seem to consist of obstructed breathing, whereas during the plain pattern the breathing is normal, unobstructed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most screening methods for sleep-disordered breathing reveal only periodic apneas/hypopneas, but with the compressed sound signal the sustained partial obstruction can be estimated as well.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Tampere University Hospital, Medical Imaging Centre and Hospital Pharmacy, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland; Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering and BioMediTech, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland; Department of Medical Physics, Tampere University Hospital, Medical Imaging Centre, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland. Electronic address: mirja.tenhunen@pshp.fi.
authors.forename: Mirja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tenhunen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Tampere University Hospital, Medical Imaging Centre and Hospital Pharmacy, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Eero
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Huupponen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Tampere University Hospital, Medical Imaging Centre and Hospital Pharmacy, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Otto
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Heino
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Tampere University Hospital, Medical Imaging Centre and Hospital Pharmacy, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland; School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Sari-Leena
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Himanen
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017286:Polysomnography; D012119:Respiration; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014132:Trachea / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Flow limitation; Oesophageal pressure; Sleep; Sleep-disordered breathing; Tracheal sound