title: Changes in inflammatory markers after sleeve gastrectomy in patients with impaired glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for morbid obesity. Obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with chronic inflammation. There is lack of data examining the effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on inflammatory biomarkers. Our aim was to study the effects of SG on specific cytokines associated with obesity including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), leptin, adiponectin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) preoperatively, 1 and 6 months after surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nonrandomized prospective study comprising of 22 participants with impaired glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes undergoing SG (body mass index 50.1 kg/m(2), glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] 53 mmol/mol). Serial measurements of IL-6, IL-10, leptin, adiponectin, and CRP were performed during oral glucose tolerance testing preoperatively, 1 and 6 months postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed significant improvements at 1 and 6 months in leptin (P≤.001) and CRP (P = .003) after SG. We also observed a significant reduction in IL-6 at 6 months (P = .001). No statistically significant differences were observed for adiponectin and IL-10.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is the first to examine the detailed changes in the inflammatory cytokines after SG. Our study shows significant improvements in the inflammatory biomarkers after SG in patients with impaired glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom; Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Morriston Hospital ABM University Health Board, Swansea, United Kingdom. Electronic address: mallipedhi@doctors.org.uk.
authors.forename: Akhila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mallipedhi
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Prior
authors.affiliation: Welsh Institute of Metabolic and Obesity Surgery, Morriston Hospital ABM University Health Board, Swansea, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.affiliation: Welsh Institute of Metabolic and Obesity Surgery, Morriston Hospital ABM University Health Board, Swansea, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Caplin
authors.affiliation: Welsh Institute of Metabolic and Obesity Surgery, Morriston Hospital ABM University Health Board, Swansea, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: John N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Baxter
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom; Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Morriston Hospital ABM University Health Board, Swansea, United Kingdom; Welsh Institute of Metabolic and Obesity Surgery, Morriston Hospital ABM University Health Board, Swansea, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jeffrey W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Stephens
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D020738:Leptin; D016753:Interleukin-10; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Inflammation; Obesity; Sleeve gastrectomy; Type 2 diabetes mellitus