title: Development and characterization of solid dispersion for dissolution improvement of furosemide by cogrinding method.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to prepare and characterize solid dispersion formulation of furosemide to enhance dissolution rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Solid dispersions with different drug: carrier ratios were prepared by cogrinding method using crospovidone and microcrystalline cellulose as carrier. The physical state and interactions between the drug and carrier were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FT-IR) and X ray diffraction (XRD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Solid dispersions (especially with drug: Carrier ratio of 1:2) showed a higher dissolution rate than their respective physical mixture and pure furosemide. Dissolution rate in pH 5.8 was also higher than pH 1.2. The XRD analysis showed that crystalline form was changed to the amorphous state in the solid dispersions. FT-IR analysis did not show any physicochemical interactions in the solid dispersion formulations. Release kinetic of formulations were fitted best to the Weibull and Wagner log probability (linear kinetic) as well as suggested 2 and Gompertz (non-linear kinetic) models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The dissolution properties of furosemide were improved with the use of hydrophilic carriers in solid dispersions due to change in the crystalline form of the drug and more intimate contact between drug and carriers which was dependent on the type and ratio of carrier as well as dissolution medium pH.
authors.affiliation: Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran. ; Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Siahi-Shadbad
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran. ; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghanbarzadeh
authors.affiliation: Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran. ; Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barzegar-Jalali
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Valizadeh
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taherpoor
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran.
authors.forename: Ghobad
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil branch, Ardabil, Iran.
authors.forename: Azim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barzegar-Jalali
authors.affiliation: Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran. ; Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran. ; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Khosro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Adibkia
keywords: Dissolution rate; Furosemide; Release kinetic; Solid dispersion