title: 3D clustering of GABAergic neurons enhances inhibitory actions on excitatory neurons in the mouse visual cortex.
abstract: Neocortical neurons with similar functional properties assemble into spatially coherent circuits, but it remains unclear how inhibitory interneurons are organized. We applied in vivo two-photon functional Ca(2+) imaging and whole-cell recording of synaptic currents to record visual responses of cortical neurons and analyzed their spatial arrangements. GABAergic interneurons were clustered in the 3D space of the mouse visual cortex, and excitatory neurons located within the clusters (insiders) had a lower amplitude and sharper orientation tuning of visual responses than outsiders. Inhibitory synaptic currents recorded from the insiders were larger than those of the outsiders. Single, isolated interneurons did not show such a location-tuning/amplitude relationship. The two principal subtypes of interneurons, parvalbumin- and somatostatin-expressing neurons, also formed clusters with only slightly overlapping each other and exhibited a different location-tuning relationship. These findings suggest that GABAergic interneurons and their subgroups form clusters to make their inhibitory function more effective than isolated interneurons.
authors.affiliation: Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: Teppei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ebina
authors.affiliation: Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sohya
authors.affiliation: PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan; The Hakubi Center, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Itaru
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Imayoshi
authors.affiliation: Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: Shu-Ting
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuchio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yanagawa
authors.affiliation: Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kameda
authors.affiliation: Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hioki
authors.affiliation: Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.affiliation: Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan. Electronic address: tsumoto@brain.riken.jp.
authors.forename: Tadaharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsumoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D005260:Female; D059330:GABAergic Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007395:Interneurons / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000166:cytology*; D014796:Visual Perception