title: Acoustic features of prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) ultrasonic vocalizations covary with heart rate.
abstract: Vocalizations serve as a conspecific social communication system among mammals. Modulation of acoustic features embedded within vocalizations is used by several mammalian species to signal whether it is safe or dangerous to approach conspecific and heterospecific mammals. As described by the Polyvagal Theory, the phylogenetic shift in the evolution of mammals involved an adaptive neuroanatomical link between the neural circuits regulating heart rate and the muscles involved in modulating the acoustic features of vocalizations. However, few studies have investigated the covariation between heart rate and the acoustic features of vocalizations. In the current study, we document that specific features of vocalizations covary with heart rate in a highly social and vocal mammal, the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster). Findings with the prairie vole illustrate that higher pitch (i.e., fundamental frequency) and less variability in acoustic features of vocalizations (i.e., less vocal prosody) are associated with elevated heart rate. The study provides the first documentation that the acoustic features of prairie vole vocalizations may function as a surrogate index of heart rate.
authors.affiliation: Brain-Body Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W. Taylor Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Adam Michael
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.affiliation: Brain-Body Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W. Taylor Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Brain-Body Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W. Taylor Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Jason R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.affiliation: Brain-Body Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W. Taylor Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Kenkel
authors.affiliation: Brain-Body Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W. Taylor Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors.forename: Maria I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Davila
authors.affiliation: Brain-Body Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W. Taylor Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sue Carter
authors.affiliation: Brain-Body Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W. Taylor Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. Electronic address: stephen_porges@med.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Stephen W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Porges
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003411:Arvicolinae / Q000502:physiology*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D013686:Telemetry; D014465:Ultrasonics; D014828:Vocalization, Animal; D059015:Wireless Technology
keywords: Heart rate; Heart rate variability; Polyvagal Theory; Prairie vole; Prosody; Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA); Ultrasonic vocalization (USV); Vagus