title: Time and concentration dependency of MacroGard® induced apoptosis.
abstract: In previous studies an effect of β-glucan on apoptosis in fish was noted and in this investigation we determine the time and concentration dependency of this effect. Primary cell cultures of pronephric carp cells were incubated for 6, 24, 48 h with various concentrations ranging from 0 to 1000 μg/ml of MacroGard(®) β-glucan. Apoptosis was monitored via acridine orange staining. Results indicate a clear effect of time and concentration on the induction of apoptosis in vitro, with only concentration ≥500 μg/ml causing significantly higher percentages of apoptotic cells. Apoptosis was detected after 6 h. This concentration dependent effect has to be considered when studying apoptosis in relation to immunostimulation.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, UK. Electronic address: jmiest@geomar.de.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Miest
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, UK. Electronic address: d.hoole@keele.ac.uk.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hoole
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002347:Carps / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D047071:beta-Glucans
keywords: Apoptosis; Beta-glucan; Carp; Concentration/time dependency