title: Genomes, neurotoxins and biology of Clostridium botulinum Group I and Group II.
abstract: Recent developments in whole genome sequencing have made a substantial contribution to understanding the genomes, neurotoxins and biology of Clostridium botulinum Group I (proteolytic C. botulinum) and C. botulinum Group II (non-proteolytic C. botulinum). Two different approaches are used to study genomics in these bacteria; comparative whole genome microarrays and direct comparison of complete genome DNA sequences. The properties of the different types of neurotoxin formed, and different neurotoxin gene clusters found in C. botulinum Groups I and II are explored. Specific examples of botulinum neurotoxin genes are chosen for an in-depth discussion of neurotoxin gene evolution. The most recent cases of foodborne botulism are summarised.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK.
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Peck
mesh_terms: D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001906:Botulism / Q000453:epidemiology; D003014:Clostridium botulinum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D005810:Multigene Family; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins
keywords: Botulinum neurotoxin; Botulism; Clostridium botulinum; Genomics; Neurotoxin gene cluster