title: Contemporary thoughts on lower eyelid/midface aging.
abstract: Midfacial aging is a multifactorial, 3-D process that involves volume loss, volume descent, and skin alterations. Every anatomic component of the midface is affected. This article discusses the morphologic consequences of midfacial aging and reviews the salient literature relating to the numerous factors that contribute to an aged appearance of the lower eyelid and midface.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Temple University Hospital, 3401 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA. Electronic address: dallas.buchanan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Dallas R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Buchanan
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Drexel University, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, Abington Memorial Hospital, 1200 Old York Road, Abington, PA 19001, USA; W Cosmetic Surgery, 610 West Germantown Pike, Suite 161, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA.
authors.forename: Allan E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Wulc
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000502:physiology; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D003817:Dentition; D005143:Eyelids / Q000502:physiology*; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D006112:Gravitation; D006801:Humans; D008022:Ligaments / Q000502:physiology; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects
keywords: Aging; Aging face; Facial anatomy; Lower eyelid; Midface; Periorbital aging; Volume descent; Volume loss