title: Microemulsions based transdermal drug delivery systems.
abstract: Since the discovery of microemulsions by Jack H Schulman, there has been huge progress made in applying microemulsion systems in plethora of research and industrial process. Microemulsions are optically isotropic systems consisting of water, oil and amphiphile. These systems are beneficial due to their thermodynamic stability, optical clarity, ease of preparation, higher diffusion and absorption rates. Moreover, it has been reported that the ingredients of microemulsion can effectively overcome the diffusion barrier and penetrate through the stratum corneum of the skin. Hence it becomes promising for both transdermal and dermal drug delivery. However, low viscosity of microemulsion restrains its applicability in pharmaceutical industry. To overcome the above drawback, the low viscous microemulsions were added to viscous gel bases to potentiate its applications as topical drug delivery systems so that various drug related toxic effects and erratic drug absorption can be avoided. The present review deals with the microemulsions, various techniques involved in the development of organic nanoparticles. The review emphasized on microemulsion based systems such as hydrogels and organogels. The physicochemical characteristics, mechanical properties, rheological and stability principles involved in microemulsion based viscous gels were also explored.
authors.forename: Harini C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Vadlamudi
authors.forename: Hyndavi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Narendran
authors.forename: Tejeswari
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagaswaram
authors.forename: Gowri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yaga
authors.forename: Jyotsna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thanniru
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Sree Vidyanikethan College of Pharmacy, Tirupati- 517102, India. vadlamudi.harini@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Prasanna R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Yalavarthi
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D004655:Emulsions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D020100:Hydrogels