title: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor as a potential biomarker of endometriosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the expression of MIF, CD74, and COX-2 in normal, ectopic, and eutopic endometrium during the menstrual cycle and to assess MIF level in peripheral blood.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expressions of MIF, CD74, and COX-2 in normal, ectopic, and eutopic endometrium were evaluated with the use of real-time polymerase chain reaction. MIF protein in peripheral blood samples was checked with the use of ELISA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reproductive biomedicine research center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen normal women and 20 women with endometriosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ectopic biopsies were obtained with the use of laparoscopic procedure, and eutopic and control biopsies were obtained with the use of Pipelle. Peripheral blood samples were collected before laparoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of MIF, CD74, and COX-2 in normal, ectopic and eutopic endometrium during the menstrual cycle and the expression level of MIF in peripheral blood samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relative mRNA expression of MIF, CD74, and COX-2 were significantly higher in ectopic endometrium than in eutopic and control endometrium. Also, there were significant differences in expression of these genes in normal, ectopic, and eutopic endometrium during the menstrual cycle. Moreover, women with endometriosis had significantly higher circulating levels of MIF compared with control subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dynamic expression of MIF, CD74, and COX-2 during the menstrual cycle could play an essential role in reproduction, inflammation, and endometrium reconstruction. A higher expression of these genes in ectopic endometrium can be considered as a molecular biomarker for endometriosis development and pathophysiology. Also, a high level of MIF in blood serum can act as a biomarker in the diagnosis of endometriosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Academic Center for Education Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Soodeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahdian
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Academic Center for Education Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aflatoonian
authors.affiliation: Department of Andrology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Academic Center for Education Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza Salman
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Yazdi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Parichehr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yaghmaei
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Academic Center for Education Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fariba
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ramazanali
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Academic Center for Education Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Parvaneh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Afsharian
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Academic Center for Education Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: m.shahhoseini@royaninstitute.org.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shahhoseini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000097:blood*; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000097:blood*; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000097:blood*; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte; D015415:Biomarkers; D001798:Blood Proteins; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; C045084:invariant chain; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C515598:MIF protein, human
keywords: CD74; COX-2; MIF; endometriosis