title: Characterization of resistance genes in 68 ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumonia in Lebanon.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied 68 ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated in Lebanon, determined their profile of resistance to antibiotics, and identified 6 ESBL genes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The susceptibility to antibiotics was determined by the disk diffusion method. The MIC of carbapenems and cefepime was determined by the agar dilution method. ESBL genes were detected by PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A percentage of 88.2% and 86.7% of isolates carried the SHV and CTX-M gene respectively; combinations of more than 1 gene of resistance were detected in several isolates. Five strains were resistant to carbapenems; 4/5 carried the OXA-48 gene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study revealed the emergence of K. pneumoniae ESBL (+) strains carrying several types of genes involved in this phenotype; we also identified carbapenem-resistant strains due to the OXA-48 gene, which are a real threat for public health, especially in Lebanon.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de microbiologie, santé et environnement, centre Azm pour la recherche en biotechnologie, école doctorale des sciences et technologies, université libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon.
authors.forename: F Obeid
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Charrouf
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamze
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mallat
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Achkar
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dabboussia
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015780:Carbapenems / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077723:Cefepime; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000494:pharmacology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D052978:Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D007710:Klebsiella Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007861:Lebanon / Q000453:epidemiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009928:Organ Specificity; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015780:Carbapenems; D002511:Cephalosporins; D000077723:Cefepime; D001618:beta-Lactamases; C108449:oxacillinase