title: Risk factors for geographic atrophy after intravitreal ranibizumab injections for retinal angiomatous proliferation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the risk factors for the development of geographic atrophy (GA) following intravitreal ranibizumab injection treatment for retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective interventional series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three eyes (38 South Korean patients) from patients being treated for naïve RAP with intravitreal ranibizumab injection were included in this study. All patients were treated with an initial series of 3 monthly loading injections, followed by further injections as required. Baseline ocular characteristics and lesion features assessed using fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine angiography (ICGA), and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) were evaluated as potential risk factors for GA through 2 years of follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 2 years follow-up, GA had developed in 16 of 43 eyes (37.2%). The mean number of ranibizumab injections was 7.52 ± 2.11. Using multiple logistic regression, thinning of the subfoveal choroid at baseline (odds ratio [OR], 0.955; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.929-0.982; P = .002), presence of reticular pseudodrusen (OR, 1.092; 95% CI, 1.017-1.485; P = .039), and presence of GA in the fellow eye at baseline (OR, 1.433; 95% CI, 1.061-1.935; P = .025) were identified as significant risk factors for GA development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GA developed in 37.2% of eyes with RAP during the 24 months following intravitreal ranibizumab injections. Subfoveal choroidal thinning at baseline, the presence of reticular pseudodrusen, and the presence of GA in the fellow eye at baseline were associated with increased risk of GA development after treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Myung-Gok Eye Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: chojoo@kimeye.com.
authors.forename: Han Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Myung-Gok Eye Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seul Gi
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Myung-Gok Eye Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyoung Seok
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Myung-Gok Eye Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Myung-Gok Eye Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Chul Gu
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Myung-Gok Eye Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Gon
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Myung-Gok Eye Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D057092:Geographic Atrophy / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000069579:Ranibizumab; D015861:Retinal Neovascularization / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D004396:Coloring Agents; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D000069579:Ranibizumab