title: Flocculation and adsorption properties of biodegradable gum-ghatti-grafted poly(acrylamide-co-methacrylic acid) hydrogels.
abstract: This study reports the microwave-assisted synthesis of gum-ghatti (Gg)-grafted poly(acrylamide-co-methacrylic acid) (AAm-co-MAA) hydrogels for the development of biodegradable flocculants and adsorbents. The synthesized hydrogels were characterized using TGA, FTIR and SEM. TGA studies revealed that the synthesized hydrogels were thermally more stable than pristine Gg and exhibited maximum swelling capacity of 1959% at 60°C in neutral pH. The optimal Gg-cl-P(AAm-co-MAA) hydrogel was successfully employed for the removal of saline water from various petroleum fraction-saline emulsions. The maximum flocculation efficiency was achieved in an acidic clay suspension with a 15 mg polymer dose at 40°C. Moreover, the synthesized hydrogel adsorbed 94% and 75% of Pb(2+) and Cu(2+), respectively, from aqueous solutions. Finally, the Gg-cl-P(AAm-co-MAA) hydrogel could be degraded completely within 50 days. In summary, the Gg-cl-P(AAm-co-MAA) hydrogel was demonstrated to have potential for use as flocculants and heavy metal absorbents for industrial waste water treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028,South Africa; DST/CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. Electronic address: mittal.hemant5@gmail.com.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar 144011, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jindal
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar 144011, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kaith
authors.affiliation: DST/CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maity
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028,South Africa; DST/CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. Electronic address: rsuprakas@csir.co.za.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ray
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D005427:Flocculation; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007616:Kaolin / Q000737:chemistry; D007854:Lead / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010578:Petroleum; D053149:Plant Gums / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D020100:Hydrogels; D010578:Petroleum; D053149:Plant Gums; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C529874:poly(methacrylamide-co-methacrylic acid); D007616:Kaolin; D007854:Lead; D003300:Copper; C015253:gum ghatti
keywords: Adsorption; Biodegradation; Flocculation; Graft co-polymerization; Gum ghatti; Hydrogel polymer