title: Quality of life after sympathetic surgery at the T4 ganglion for primary hyperhidrosis: clip application versus diathermic cut.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Limited procedures at the T4 ganglion show low rates of compensatory sweating (CS). The aim of the study was to compare endoscopic sympathetic block (ESB) via clip application with endothoracic sympathicotomy (ETS) via diathermy with special regard on patients' quality of life (Qol).
  
  
  METHODS
  Treatment success, side effects and patient satisfaction were evaluated in a prospectively gathered database of a tertiary-care referral hospital. Two disease-specific Qol questionnaires were used (Keller, Milanez de Campos).
  
  
  RESULTS
  406 operations were performed in 205 patients (ESB4 N = 114, ETS4 N = 91) with a median follow-up of 12 months. Both procedures improved Qol significantly (P < 0.001) and the degree of improvement was equal in both groups. Palmar and axillary HH were ameliorated after both procedures (P < 0.001). Accordingly, plantar HH decreased after ESB4 (P = 0.002), while remaining unaltered after ETS4. Nineteen patients (9.3%) reported CS and 10 patients (4.9%) judged it as "disturbing". Nine of the latter belonged to the ETS4 group compared to one ESB patient (P = 0.015). Patients developed higher rates of plantar CS after ETS4 compared to ESB4 (P = 0.006). Five patients (2.4%) from both cohorts reported persistence of axillary HH. Recurrence of axillary symptoms was found in 5 ESB4 patients. Satisfaction rates did not differ significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients' Qol and satisfaction rates are similar in both treatment groups for upper limb HH. Outcome and recurrence rates speak in the favor of ETS4, severity of CS and potential reversibility argue for ESB4.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: peter.panhofer@meduniwien.ac.at.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Panhofer
authors.affiliation: Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ringhofer
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent, Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gleiss
authors.affiliation: Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Raimund
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jakesz
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Oberwart Hospital, Austria.
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prager
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bischof
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Neumayer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001340:Autonomic Nerve Block / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001365:Axilla; D003972:Diathermy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006945:Hyperhidrosis / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011788:Quality of Life; D012008:Recurrence; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013546:Sweating; D013562:Sympathectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D034941:Upper Extremity; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Compensatory sweating; Hyperhidrosis; Quality of life; Satisfaction; Sympathectomy; Sympathetic block