title: Invadosomes in their natural habitat.
abstract: Podosomes and invadopodia (collectively known as invadosomes) are small, F-actin-rich protrusions that are located at points of cell-ECM contacts and endow cells with invasive capabilities. So far, they have been identified in human or murine immune (myelomonocytic), vascular and cancer cells. The overarching reason for studying invadosomes is their connection to human disease. For example, macrophages and osteoclasts lacking Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) are not able to form podosomes, and this leads to altered macrophage chemotaxis and defective bone resorption by osteoclasts. In contrast, the ability of cancer cells to form invadopodia is associated with high invasive and metastatic potentials. While invadosome composition, dynamics and signaling cascades leading to their assembly can be followed easily in in vitro assays, studying their contribution to pathophysiological processes in situ remains challenging. A number of recent papers have started to address this issue and describe invadosomes in situ in mouse models of cancer, cardiovascular disease and angiogenesis. In addition, in vivo invadosome homologs have been reported in developmental model systems such as C. elegans, zebrafish and sea squirt. Comparative analyses among different invasion mechanisms as they happen in their natural habitats, i.e., in situ, may provide an outline of the invadosome evolutionary history, and guide our understanding of the roles of the invasion process in pathophysiology versus development.
authors.affiliation: Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1045, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; European Institute of Chemistry and Biology, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33 600 Pessac, France. Electronic address: e.genot@iecb.u-bordeaux.fr.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Génot
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems & Computational Biology and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Price Center, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, 10461 Bronx, NY, USA. Electronic address: bojana.gligorijevic@einstein.yu.edu.
authors.forename: Bojana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gligorijevic
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D022081:Cell Surface Extensions / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D060833:Cellular Microenvironment; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008954:Models, Biological; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure
keywords: Cancer; Cell locomotion; Cell migration; Cell motility; Confocal; In situ; In vivo; Invadopodia; Invadosomes; Invasion; Microenvironment; Microscopy; Multiphoton; Podosomes; Protrusions; development