title: Uniform-sized water-in-oil vaccine formulations enhance immune response against Newcastle disease and avian influenza in chickens.
abstract: Water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion is one of the best "one-shot" delivery system for antigen to generate high and durable antibody response. Here a facile method using premixed Shirasu Porous Glass (SPG) membrane emulsification technique was employed to fabricate uniform-sized emulsion and mechanical stirring was employed to prepare non-uniform-sized emulsion as control. In release kinetics studies, uniform-sized emulsion showed low initial release, and during the followed 17 days, uniform-sized emulsions released antigen faster than emulsions of non-uniform size. In addition, vaccination studies against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and avian Influenza virus (AIV) demonstrated that emulsion of uniform size induced higher HI antibodies and antigen-specific IgG titers. Furthermore, chickens vaccinated with emulsion of uniform size had a significantly greater ratio of CD8+ T cells to CD4+ T cells and a higher percentage of CD8+CD4+ T cells. Taken together, these results indicated that emulsion of uniform size induced a more potent immune response than emulsion prepared by mechanical stirring, and warranted the use of SPG membrane emulsification technique in generating new avian vaccines.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lianyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Weifeng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Tingyuan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guanghui
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D002645:Chickens / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D004339:Drug Compounding; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000662:veterinary*; D004655:Emulsions; D005260:Female; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008899:Mineral Oil / Q000737:chemistry; D009521:Newcastle Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010316:Particle Size; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D014867:Water; D008899:Mineral Oil