title: Pediatric facial nerve rehabilitation.
abstract: Facial paralysis is a rare but severe condition in the pediatric population. Impaired facial movement has multiple causes and varied presentations, therefore individualized treatment plans are essential for optimal results. Advances in facial reanimation over the past 4 decades have given rise to new treatments designed to restore balance and function in pediatric patients with facial paralysis. This article provides a comprehensive review of pediatric facial rehabilitation and describes a zone-based approach to assessment and treatment of impaired facial movement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otology and Laryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Caroline A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Banks
authors.affiliation: Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Facial Nerve Center, Department of Otology and Laryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Electronic address: tessa_hadlock@meei.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Tessa A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Hadlock
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005149:Facial Expression; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000601:surgery*; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery*; D058752:Free Tissue Flaps / Q000637:transplantation; D006801:Humans; D019990:Perioperative Care; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Bell palsy; Facial nerve palsy; Facial paralysis; Gracilis; Pediatric; Synkinesis