title: Quantitative water content mapping at clinically relevant field strengths: a comparative study at 1.5 T and 3 T.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Quantitative water content mapping in vivo using MRI is a very valuable technique to detect, monitor and understand diseases of the brain. At 1.5 T, this technology has already been successfully used, but it has only recently been applied at 3T because of significantly increased RF field inhomogeneity at the higher field strength. To validate the technology at 3T, we estimate and compare in vivo quantitative water content maps at 1.5 T and 3T obtained with a protocol proposed recently for 3T MRI.
  
  
  METHODS
  The proposed MRI protocol was applied on twenty healthy subjects at 1.5 T and 3T; the same post-processing algorithms were used to estimate the water content maps. The 1.5 T and 3T maps were subsequently aligned and compared on a voxel-by-voxel basis. Statistical analysis was performed to detect possible differences between the estimated 1.5 T and 3T water maps.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our analysis indicates that the water content values obtained at 1.5 T and 3T did not show significant systematic differences. On average the difference did not exceed the standard deviation of the water content at 1.5 T. Furthermore, the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the estimated water content map was increased at 3T by a factor of at least 1.5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vulnerability to RF inhomogeneity increases dramatically with the increasing static magnetic field strength. However, using advanced corrections for the sensitivity profile of the MR coils, it is possible to preserve quantitative accuracy while benefiting from the increased CNR at the higher field strength. Indeed, there was no significant difference in the water content values obtained in the brain at 1.5 T and 3T.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, JARA, RWTH Aachen University Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Zaheer
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gras
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Möllenhoff
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: Ana-Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Oros-Peusquens
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, JARA, RWTH Aachen University Aachen, Germany. Electronic address: n.j.shah@fz-juelich.de.
authors.forename: Nadim Joni
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011846:Radio Waves; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014867:Water
keywords: Clinical field strength; Parametric mapping; Proton density; Quantitative imaging; Water content