title: Does laparoscopic simulation predict intraoperative performance? A comparison between the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery and LapVR evaluation metrics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Considerable resources have been invested in low- and high-fidelity simulators in surgical training. To our knowledge, no investigation has compared the 2 head to head for operative assessment purposes. The purpose of this study was to assess the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) low-fidelity video trainer and LapVR (high-fidelity virtual-reality simulator) for (1) construct and (2) predictive validity using a human cholecystectomy model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six participants performed tasks from the FLS program and the LapVR simulator as well as a human laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Performance was evaluated using FLS and LapVR metrics and the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills previously validated rating scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Construct and predictive validity were strongly demonstrated for FLS tasks but only incompletely for LapVR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Efforts should be focused on using the well-validated lower-cost FLS video trainer for assessment of laparoscopic skills. The high-cost LapVR remains experimental in resource-constrained training programs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, St. Boniface General Hospital, University of Manitoba, Z3039-409 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R2H 2A6.
authors.forename: Sarah N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Steigerwald
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, St. Boniface General Hospital, University of Manitoba, Z3039-409 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R2H 2A6.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, St. Boniface General Hospital, University of Manitoba, Z3039-409 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R2H 2A6.
authors.forename: Krista M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, St. Boniface General Hospital, University of Manitoba, Z3039-409 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R2H 2A6.
authors.forename: Lawrence M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gillman
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, St. Boniface General Hospital, University of Manitoba, Z3039-409 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R2H 2A6. Electronic address: avergis@sbgh.mb.ca.
authors.forename: Ashley S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Vergis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000193:education*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008350:Manitoba; D017145:Models, Educational; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D014741:Video Recording
keywords: Assessment; Education; Laparoscopic; Simulation; Surgery