title: Is resveratrol a potential substitute for leuprolide acetate in experimental endometriosis?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Resveratrol, a phytoalexin polyphenol, has anti-angiogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties. We aimed to compare the anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects of resveratrol and leuprolide acetate (LA) in an experimental endometriosis model.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective experimental study was conducted in a University Surgical Research Center. Thirty-three non-pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats, in which experimental model of endometriosis were surgically induced were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 was administered 30 mg/kg resveratrol i.m. for 14 days, group 2 was given 1mg/kg s.c. single dose LA, group 3 was administered both resveratrol and LA, and group 4 had no medication. After two weeks medication rats were sacrificed and size, histopathology and immunreactivity to matrix metalloproteinase (mmp)2, mmp9, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of the endometriotic implants were evaluated. Plasma and peritoneal fluid levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The endometriotic implant volumes, histopathological grade and immunreactivity to mmp2, mmp9 and VEGF were significantly reduced (p<0.001), and plasma and peritoneal fluid levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were significantly decreased in group 1 and group 2 in comparison to group 3 and group 4 (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resveratrol alone is a potential agent for the treatment of endometriosis and may be an alternative to LA. In contrast, the combination of LA and resveratrol decreased the anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects of each agent. Since resveratrol is widely used as an alternative therapy for a variety of conditions, it can undermine the effectiveness of LA. Therefore, caution should be exercised when used in combination with other agents.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, School of Medicine, 53020 Rize, Turkey. Electronic address: yesimbay@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Yesim
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bayoglu Tekin
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Black Sea Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey.
authors.forename: Suleyman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guven
authors.affiliation: Departments of Biochemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, School of Medicine, 53020 Rize, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aynur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kirbas
authors.affiliation: Departments of Histology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, School of Medicine, 53020 Rize, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yıldıray
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kalkan
authors.affiliation: Departments of Histology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, School of Medicine, 53020 Rize, Turkey.
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tumkaya
authors.affiliation: Departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, School of Medicine, 53020 Rize, Turkey.
authors.forename: Emine Seda
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Guvendag Guven
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D016729:Leuprolide / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D013267:Stilbenes; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D016729:Leuprolide; D000077185:Resveratrol
keywords: Endometriosis; Leuprolide acetate; Rat model; Resveratrol; Treatment