title: Effervescence assisted on-site liquid phase microextraction for the determination of five triazine herbicides in water.
abstract: A novel effervescence assisted on-site liquid phase microextraction has been developed for the determination of five triazine herbicides in water. The use of an effervescent tablet composed of citric acid, sodium bicarbonate and 1-undecanol (extraction solvent) was the core of the method. The triazine herbicides in water were extracted by 1-undecanol released from tablet under effervescence and determined by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometer. The experimental variables, including NaCl concentration, temperature, weight of effervescent tablet, volume of extraction solvent and pH value, were screened by a Plackett-Burman design and optimized by a Box-Behnken design. Under the optimized conditions, good linearity was obtained in the range of 0.05-10 μg L(-1) with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9936 to 0.9988. The limits of quantification were between 7.6 and 26.4 ng L(-1), and the recoveries were in 71.4-93.2% with relative standard deviations of 2.5-10.9%. This method, which does not require centrifugation and any special apparatus, was successfully applied to determine triazine herbicides in real waters, promising to be a way to speed field sampling procedures for the organic pollutants monitoring in water.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, PR China.
authors.forename: Xueke
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhigang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, PR China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, PR China.
authors.forename: Chang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, PR China. Electronic address: liudh@cau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Donghui
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014227:Triazines / Q000032:analysis*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D014227:Triazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water
keywords: Effervescent tablet; On-site liquid phase microextraction; Triazine herbicides; Water