title: FDG PET/CT: EANM procedure guidelines for tumour imaging: version 2.0.
abstract: The purpose of these guidelines is to assist physicians in recommending, performing, interpreting and reporting the results of FDG PET/CT for oncological imaging of adult patients. PET is a quantitative imaging technique and therefore requires a common quality control (QC)/quality assurance (QA) procedure to maintain the accuracy and precision of quantitation. Repeatability and reproducibility are two essential requirements for any quantitative measurement and/or imaging biomarker. Repeatability relates to the uncertainty in obtaining the same result in the same patient when he or she is examined more than once on the same system. However, imaging biomarkers should also have adequate reproducibility, i.e. the ability to yield the same result in the same patient when that patient is examined on different systems and at different imaging sites. Adequate repeatability and reproducibility are essential for the clinical management of patients and the use of FDG PET/CT within multicentre trials. A common standardised imaging procedure will help promote the appropriate use of FDG PET/CT imaging and increase the value of publications and, therefore, their contribution to evidence-based medicine. Moreover, consistency in numerical values between platforms and institutes that acquire the data will potentially enhance the role of semiquantitative and quantitative image interpretation. Precision and accuracy are additionally important as FDG PET/CT is used to evaluate tumour response as well as for diagnosis, prognosis and staging. Therefore both the previous and these new guidelines specifically aim to achieve standardised uptake value harmonisation in multicentre settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, r.boellaard@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boellaard
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Delgado-Bolton
authors.forename: Wim J G
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Oyen
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giammarile
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tatsch
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Eschner
authors.forename: Fred J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Verzijlbergen
authors.forename: Sally F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Barrington
authors.forename: Lucy C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Pike
authors.forename: Wolfgang A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Sigrid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stroobants
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Delbeke
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Donohoe
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holbrook
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Testanera
authors.forename: Otto S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Hoekstra
authors.forename: Josee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zijlstra
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: Corneline J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hoekstra
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pruim
authors.forename: Antoon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Willemsen
authors.forename: Bertjan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Arends
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kotzerke
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bockisch
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Beyer
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chiti
authors.forename: Bernd J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Krause
mesh_terms: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18