title: Evaluation and treatment of injury and illness in the ultramarathon athlete.
abstract: Participation in ultramarathon races and knowledge of these athletes continues to increase as the sport becomes more popular. Physicians and athletes need to better understand the impact of the unique aspects of ultramarathon races, such as race environment (temperature, humidity, and altitude), race distance, race stages, nutritional requirements and equipment, on athlete injuries and illness. Proper treatment of injuries and illnesses during an ultramarathon race is important for avoiding long-term medical issues. In this article, the evaluation and treatment of common musculoskeletal injuries and medical illnesses in ultramarathon runners are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation, Orthopedics, and Sports Medicine, University of Washington Sports Medicine, 3800 Montlake Boulevard Northeast, Box 354060, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Seattle Children's Sports Medicine, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98145, USA. Electronic address: bkrabak@uw.edu.
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Krabak
authors.affiliation: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine, University of California Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3850, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
authors.forename: Brandee
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Waite
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr Alway Bldg M121 MC 5119, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Grant
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lipman
mesh_terms: D056352:Athletes; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D005334:Fever / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D012420:Running / Q000293:injuries*; D013178:Sports Medicine / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Hyponatremia; Illness; Injury; Medical; Musculoskeletal; Ultramarathon