title: Study of the physical properties of calcium alginate hydrogel beads containing vineyard pruning waste for dye removal.
abstract: In this work the morphological and surface properties of a biocomposite formulated with vineyard pruning waste entrapped in calcium alginate hydrogel beads were studied. The formulation of the calcium alginate hydrogel beads, containing vineyard pruning waste, was based on the capacity of this green adsorbent to remove dye compounds from wastewater, observing that in the optimum condition (1.25% of cellulosic residue, 2.2% of sodium alginate and 0.475 mol L(-1) CaCl2) the percentage of dyes was reduced up to 74.6%. At lower concentration of CaCl2, high-resolution optical images show that the elongation of the vineyard-alginate biocomposite decreased, whereas the compactness increased. Moreover, higher concentrations of cellulosic residue increased the biocomposite roundness in comparison with biocomposite without the cellulosic residue. Interferometric perfilometry analysis (Ra, Rq, Rz and Rt) revealed that high concentrations of CaCl2 increased the roughness of the of the calcium alginate hydrogel beads observing vesicles in the external surface.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering (EEI), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo-Pontevedra, Spain. Electronic address: xanel.vecino@uvigo.es.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Vecino
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering (EEI), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo-Pontevedra, Spain; Defense University Center, Naval Academy, University of Vigo, Plaza de España 2, 36920 Marín-Pontevedra, Spain. Electronic address: rosa.devesa.rey@cud.uvigo.es.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Devesa-Rey
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering (EEI), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo-Pontevedra, Spain. Electronic address: jmcruz@uvigo.es.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering (EEI), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo-Pontevedra, Spain. Electronic address: amoldes@uvigo.es.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Moldes
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000737:chemistry*; D007220:Industrial Waste; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D007220:Industrial Waste; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C035219:calcium aluminate
keywords: Adsorption kinetics; Calcium alginate hydrogel beads; Compactness; Dyes; Roughness; Vineyard pruning waste