title: The prevalence and the risk factors of testosterone deficiency in newly diagnosed and previously known type 2 diabetic men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While the epidemiology of testosterone deficiency has been well described in men with previously known type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), it was less reported in those with untreated, newly diagnosed T2DM.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and the risk factors of testosterone deficiency of men with newly diagnosed T2DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cross-sectional study included 105 men (mean age: 61.2 ± 6.8 years) with previously known T2DM and another 81 (57.8 ± 8.8 years) with newly diagnosed T2DM. All received health checkup and sex hormone measurement at our institute in 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  We calculated the prevalence and explored the risk factors of low total (<300 ng/dL) and free (<6 ng/dL) testosterone in men with newly diagnosed and previously known T2DM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Men with previously known T2DM were older and had higher diastolic pressure and greater fasting glucose. There was no significant difference in total (358.0 [155.0] ng/dL vs. 363.0 [154.0] ng/dL, P=0.68) and free (7.2 [2.5] ng/dL vs. 7.4 [2.4]ng/dL, P=0.84) testosterone and sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) (27.3 [22.3]nmol/L vs. 28.7 [14.9]nmol/L, P=0.46). The prevalence of low total and free testosterone was 28.4% and 21.0%, respectively, in men with newly diagnosed T2DM, and was 26.7% and 19.0% in those with previously known T2DM. In men with previously known T2DM, better glycemic control (HbA1c <7%) was associated with a higher level of total testosterone and a lower risk of low total testosterone. Men with newly diagnosed and previously known T2DM shared similar risk factors of low total testosterone, including high HbA1c (≥ 7%), low SHBG (<20 nmol/L), obesity, hyperuricemia, hypertriglycemia, and metabolic syndrome. Elevated prostate-specific antigen was a protective factor of low total testosterone. However, none of these factors was associated with low free testosterone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence and the risk factors of testosterone deficiency are similar between newly diagnosed and previously known type 2 diabetic men.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chen-Hsun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Fu-Shan
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Jaw
authors.forename: Chia-Chang
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Kuan-Chou
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chih-Yuan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ju-Ton
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Hong-Jeng
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Shih-Ping
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D015995:Prevalence; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000378:metabolism; D013739:Testosterone / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D013739:Testosterone; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Hyperuricemia; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Testosterone Deficiency; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus