title: In vitro immunocompetence of two compounds isolated from Polygala tenuifolia and development of resistance against grass carp reovirus (GCRV) and Dactylogyrus intermedius in respective host.
abstract: The present study was undertaken to isolate some compounds from methanol extract of Polygala tenuifolia and evaluate their immunostimulatory properties and antiviral activity using grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella kidney (CIK) cells and GCRV. By applying insecticidal bioassay-guided, chromatography techniques and successive recrystallization, two purified compounds were obtained. The changes of expression of selected immune genes (Mx1, IL-1β, TNFα, MyD88 and IgM) in C. idella kidney cell lines were evaluated after exposure to these isolated compounds. The results showed that compound 1 and 2 up-regulated to varying degrees of Mx1, IL-1β, TNFα, and MyD88 in C. idella kidney cells. WST-8 kit assay verified the two compounds has no toxic effects on CIK cell, and furthermore, have in vitro antivirus activity. Especially, that there is keeping 79% cell viability when exposure to compound 2 (100 mg L(-1)). According to in vivo insecticidal assays against Dactylogyrus intermedius, compound 2 exhibited higher efficacy than compound 1, which was found to be 87.2% effective at the concentrations of 5 mg L(-1) and safe to goldfish (Carassius auratus). Besides, the purified compounds were identified by spectral data as: (1) 1,5-Anhydro-D-glucitol and (2) 3,4,5-trimethoxy cinnamic acid. Overall, the results indicate that bath administration of these compounds modulates the immune related genes in C. idella kidney cells and to some extent, eliminate the virus and parasitic infections.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Bo
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Guang-Lu
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. Electronic address: wanggaoxue@126.com.
authors.forename: Gao-Xue
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D000432:Methanol; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D010986:Platyhelminths / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D031801:Polygala / Q000737:chemistry*; D012087:Reoviridae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D002934:Cinnamates; D010936:Plant Extracts; C006584:1,5-anhydroglucitol; D003847:Deoxyglucose; C031619:3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid; D000432:Methanol
keywords: Dactylogyrus intermedius; Fish; GCRV; Immunostimulant; Polygala tenuifolia