title: The barrier-belief approach in the counseling of physical activity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand inactivity and relapse from PA, and to develop theory-based behavior change strategies to stimulate and support maintenance of PA.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a literature search to explore barriers to PA. Social cognitive theories and empirical evidence were evaluated and guided the process developing a theoretical framework and counseling strategies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A theoretical framework is presented to understand why people do not engage in PA and often relapse once they started PA. A distinction is made between three related types of BBs. In PA counseling these three beliefs are addressed using four different BB behavior change strategies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BB counseling aims to develop an individual pattern of PA for the long term that is adapted to the (often limited) motivation of the client, thereby preventing the occurrence of BBs. The client will learn to cope with factors that may inhibit PA in the future.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The BBs approach composes a way of counseling around the central construct of barrier-beliefs to stimulate engagement in PA independently, in the long term.
authors.affiliation: Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen, Institute of Sports Studies, Groningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: a.j.bouma@pl.hanze.nl.
authors.forename: Adrie J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bouma
authors.affiliation: Transcare, Transdisciplinairy Painmanagement Center, Groningen, The Netherlands; Pain in Motion Study Group, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: c.p.vanwilgen@online.nl.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Wilgen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral- and Social Sciences, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: arie.dijkstra@rug.nl.
authors.forename: Arie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dijkstra
mesh_terms: D003376:Counseling; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D009042:Motivation
keywords: Barriers; Behavioral change; Beliefs; Counseling; Lifestyle; Maintenance; Physical activity; Relapse; Social cognitive; Strategies