title: The influence of inflammatory cytokines in physiopathology of suicidal behavior.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Based on the urgent need for reliable biomarkers in relation to suicide risk both for more accurate prediction as well as for new therapeutic opportunities, several researchers have been studied evidences of the potential participation of inflammatory processes in the brain, in particular cytokines, in suicide. The purpose of this review was to analyze the associations between inflammation markers and suicide.
  
  
  METHODS
  To achieve this goal, a systematic review of literature was conducted via electronic database Scopus using the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms: "cytokines", "suicide" and "inflammation". Through this search it was found 54 articles. After analyzing them 15 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One of the most mentioned inflammatory markers was Interferon-α (IFN-α), a pro-inflammatory cytokine which has been shown to increase serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF- α) and IFN-ϒ, which are factors increased suicide victims and attempters. In this line, IL-6 is not only found to be elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of suicide attempters, even its levels in the peripheral blood have been proposed as a biological suicide marker. Another study stated that increased levels of IL-4 and IL-13 transcription in the orbitofrontal cortex of suicides suggest that these cytokines may affect neurobehavioral processes relevant to suicide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A lack of studies and great amount of cross-sectional studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inflammation may play an important role in the pathophysiology of suicide, especially, levels of some specific inflammatory cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Cariri, Brazil. Electronic address: victoriaalmina@gmail.com.
authors.forename: V A L
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Miná
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Cariri, Brazil.
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Lacerda-Pinheiro
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Cariri, Brazil.
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Maia
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Cariri, Brazil.
authors.forename: R F F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Cariri, Brazil.
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Meireles
authors.affiliation: Pos-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of ABC, Brazil.
authors.forename: S I R
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Pos-graduation Program in Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: A O A
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Pos-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of ABC, Brazil.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bianco
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Cariri, Brazil.
authors.forename: M L N
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Rolim
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000097:blood*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D013405:Suicide; D013406:Suicide, Attempted; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015847:Interleukin-4
keywords: Cytokines; Inflammation markers; Suicide