title: Gingival crevicular fluid proteomes in health, gingivitis and chronic periodontitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the proteome composition of gingival crevicular fluid obtained from healthy periodontium, gingivitis and chronic periodontitis affected sites.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Owing to its site-specific nature, gingival crevicular fluid is ideal for studying biological processes that occur during periodontal health and disease progression. However, few studies have been conducted into the gingival crevicular fluid proteome due to the small volumes obtained.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen males were chosen for each of three different groups, healthy periodontium, gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. They were categorized based on clinical measurements including probing depth, bleeding on probing, plaque index, radiographic bone level, modified gingival index and smoking status. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from each patient, pooled into healthy, gingivitis and chronic periodontitis groups and their proteome analyzed by gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography electrospray ionization ion trap tandem mass spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and twenty-one proteins in total were identified, and two-thirds of these were identified in all three conditions. Forty-two proteins were considered to have changed in abundance. Of note, cystatin B and cystatin S decreased in abundance from health to gingivitis and further in chronic periodontitis. Complement proteins demonstrated an increase from health to gingivitis followed by a decrease in chronic periodontitis. Immunoglobulins, keratin proteins, fibronectin, lactotransferrin precursor, 14-3-3 protein zeta/delta, neutrophil defensin 3 and alpha-actinin exhibited fluctuations in levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The gingival crevicular fluid proteome in each clinical condition was different and its analysis may assist us in understanding periodontal pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: A H S
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Huynh
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Veith
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: McGregor
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Ngo
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Darby
mesh_terms: D055113:Chronic Periodontitis; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid; D005891:Gingivitis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010512:Periodontal Index; D020543:Proteome
chemical_list: D020543:Proteome
keywords: gingival crevicular fluid; liquid chromatography mass spectrometry; periodontitis; proteome