title: Lung parenchymal development in premature infants without bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While infants who are born extremely premature and develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) have impaired alveolar development and decreased pulmonary diffusion (DLCO), it remains unclear whether infants born less premature and do not develop BPD, healthy premature (HP), have impaired parenchymal development. In addition, there is increasing evidence that pro-angiogenic cells are important for vascular development; however, there is little information on the relationship of pro-angiogenic cells to lung growth and development in infants.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  and Methods Determine among healthy premature (HP) and fullterm (FT) infants, whether DLCO and alveolar volume (VA) are related to gestational age at birth (GA), respiratory support during the neonatal period (mechanical ventilation [MV], supplemental oxygen [O2], continuous positive airway pressure [CPAP]), and pro-angiogenic circulating hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (CHSPCs). We measured DLCO, VA, and CHSPCs in infants between 3-33 months corrected-ages; HP (mean GA = 31.7 wks; N = 48,) and FT (mean GA = 39.3 wks; N =88).
  
  
  RESULTS
  DLCO was significantly higher in HP than FT subjects, while there was no difference in VA , after adjusting for body length, gender, and race. DLCO and VA were not associated with GA, MV and O2; however, higher values were associated with higher CHSPCs, as well as treatment with CPAP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that in the absence of extreme premature birth, as well as BPD, prematurity per se, does not impair lung parenchymal development.
authors.affiliation: James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children Department of Pediatrics, Sections of Pulmonology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Santiago J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Assaf
authors.affiliation: James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children Department of Pediatrics, Sections of Pulmonology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Daniel V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children Department of Pediatrics, Sections of Pulmonology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Christina J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Tiller
authors.affiliation: James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children Department of Pediatrics, Sections of Pulmonology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kisling
authors.affiliation: James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.|James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.|Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Case
authors.affiliation: James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.|James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.|Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mund
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Slaven
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Zhangsheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.|Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Shawn K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ahlfeld
authors.affiliation: James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Poindexter
authors.affiliation: James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.|James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.|Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.|Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Laura S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Haneline
authors.affiliation: James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.|Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.|Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ingram
authors.affiliation: James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children Department of Pediatrics, Sections of Pulmonology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.|Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Tepper
mesh_terms: D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000502:physiology*; D008168:Lung / Q000254:growth & development*; D008297:Male; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D047929:Term Birth
keywords: circulating progenitor cells; lung growth; lung volume; pulmonary diffusion