title: Evaluation of temporomandibular joint disk displacement and its correlation with pain and osseous abnormalities in symptomatic young patients with magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the occurrence of temporomandibular joint disk displacement and its correlation with pain and osseous abnormalities using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients under 21 years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  MRI images in open- and closed-mouth positions from 102 patients, under 21 years of age (mean age 17 years), were studied retrospectively. Patients were divided into six groups according to the disk-condyle relationship. Chi-square, Marascuilo procedure, and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests were used to evaluate the relationships among pain, abnormalities, and the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant correlation between bilateral disk displacement without reduction and pain (P = .011), and osseous changes (P < .0001). There was no proven link between pain and osseous abnormality (P = .414).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Young patients are susceptible to all stages of disk displacement. There was a strong correlation only between each variable (osseous abnormalities and pain) and the most severe stage of disk displacement (bilateral disk displacement without reduction).
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Division of Oral Radiology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Paraíba Dental School, Paraíba State University, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela Pita
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: de Melo
authors.affiliation: Resident, Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, Iowa, USA. Electronic address: sauloleonardo-sousamelo@uiowa.edu.
authors.forename: Saulo Leonardo
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Sousa Melo
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Division of Radiology, Department of Applied Sciences, School of Radiology, Federal Institute of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana Soares
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: de Andrade Freitas Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Division of Oral Radiology, Department of Clinic and Preventive Dentistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávia Maria de Moraes
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Ramos-Perez
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Radiology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Sérgio Flores
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Campos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008336:Mandibular Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019224:Temporomandibular Joint Disc / Q000473:pathology*; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult