title: Hydrogen sulfide interacts with calcium signaling to enhance the chromium tolerance in Setaria italica.
abstract: The oscillation of intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)) concentration is a primary event in numerous biological processes in plants, including stress response. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an emerging gasotransmitter, was found to have positive effects in plants responding to chromium (Cr(6+)) stress through interacting with Ca(2+) signaling. While Ca(2+) resemblances H2S in mediating biotic and abiotic stresses, crosstalk between the two pathways remains unclear. In this study, Ca(2+) signaling interacted with H2S to produce a complex physiological response, which enhanced the Cr(6+) tolerance in foxtail millet (Setaria italica). Results indicate that Cr(6+) stress activated endogenous H2S synthesis as well as Ca(2+) signaling. Moreover, toxic symptoms caused by Cr(6+) stress were strongly moderated by 50μM H2S and 20mM Ca(2+). Conversely, treatments with H2S synthesis inhibitor and Ca(2+) chelators prior to Cr(6+)-exposure aggravated these toxic symptoms. Interestingly, Ca(2+) upregulated expression of two important factors in metal metabolism, MT3A and PCS, which participated in the biosynthesis of heavy metal chelators, in a H2S-dependent manner to cope with Cr(6+) stress. These findings also suggest that the H2S dependent pathway is a component of the Ca(2+) activating antioxidant system and H2S partially contributes Ca(2+)-activating antioxidant system.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
authors.forename: Huihui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
authors.forename: Zhuping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China. Electronic address: peiyanxi@sxu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yanxi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pei
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D065096:Calcium Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002857:Chromium / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000378:metabolism*; D032983:Setaria Plant / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D065096:Calcium Chelating Agents; D002857:Chromium; D002118:Calcium; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide
keywords: Calcium signaling; Chromium stress; Hydrogen sulfide; Setaria italica