title: [The effect of different doses of esmolol on hemodynamic, bispectral index and movement response during orotracheal intubation: prospective, randomized, double-blind study].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A prospective, randomized and double-blind study was planned to identify the optimum dose of esmolol infusion to suppress the increase in bispectral index values and the movement and hemodynamic responses to tracheal intubation.
  
  
  METHODS
  120 patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups in a double-blind fashion. 2.5mgkg(-1) propofol was administered for anesthesia induction. After loss of consciousness, and before administration of 0.6mgkg(-1) rocuronium, a tourniquet was applied to one arm and inflated to 50mmHg greater than systolic pressure. The patients were divided into 3 groups; 1mgkg(-1)h(-1) esmolol was given as the loading dose and in Group Es50 50μgkg(-1)min(-1), in Group Es150 150μgkg(-1)min(-1), and in Group Es250 250μgkg(-1)min(-1) esmolol infusion was started. Five minutes after the esmolol has been begun, the trachea was intubated; gross movement within the first minute after orotracheal intubation was recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incidence of movement response and the ΔBIS max values were comparable in Group Es250 and Group Es150, but these values were significantly higher in Group Es50 than in the other two groups. In all three groups in the 1st minute after tracheal intubation heart rate and mean arterial pressure were significantly higher compared to values from before intubation (p<0.05). In the study period there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of heart rate and mean arterial pressure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In clinical practise we believe that after 1mgkg(-1) loading dose, 150μgkg(-1)min(-1) iv esmolol dose is sufficient to suppress responses to tracheal intubation without increasing side effects.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anestesiologia e Reanimação, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istambul, Turquia. Electronic address: drmensure@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mensure Yılmaz
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Cakırgöz
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anestesiologia e Reanimação, Dokuz Eylül University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turquia.
authors.forename: Aydın
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taşdöğen
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anestesiologia e Reanimação, Dokuz Eylül University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turquia.
authors.forename: Cimen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Olguner
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anestesiologia e Reanimação, Dokuz Eylül University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turquia.
authors.forename: Hülya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Korkmaz
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anestesiologia e Reanimação, Dokuz Eylül University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turquia.
authors.forename: Ertuğrul
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oğün
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anestesiologia e Reanimação, Dokuz Eylül University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turquia.
authors.forename: Burak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Küçükebe
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anestesiologia e Reanimação, Dokuz Eylül University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turquia.
authors.forename: Esra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Duran
keywords: Bispectral index; Depth of anesthesia; Esmolol; Intubation; Intubação; Profundidade da anestesia; Propofol; Índice bispectral