title: A hazard-based duration model for analyzing crossing behavior of cyclists and electric bike riders at signalized intersections.
abstract: This paper presents a hazard-based duration approach to investigate riders' waiting times, violation hazards, associated risk factors, and their differences between cyclists and electric bike riders at signalized intersections. A total of 2322 two-wheeled riders approaching the intersections during red light periods were observed in Beijing, China. The data were classified into censored and uncensored data to distinguish between safe crossing and red-light running behavior. The results indicated that the red-light crossing behavior of most riders was dependent on waiting time. They were inclined to terminate waiting behavior and run against the traffic light with the increase of waiting duration. Over half of the observed riders cannot endure 49s or longer. 25% of the riders can endure 97s or longer. Rider type, gender, waiting position, conformity tendency and crossing traffic volume were identified to have significant effects on riders' waiting times and violation hazards. Electric bike riders were found to be more sensitive to the external risk factors such as other riders' crossing behavior and crossing traffic volume than cyclists. Moreover, unobserved heterogeneity was examined in the proposed models. The finding of this paper can explain when and why cyclists and electric bike riders run against the red light at intersections. The results of this paper are useful for traffic design and management agencies to implement strategies to enhance the safety of riders.
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory for Urban Transportation Complex Systems Theory and Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China; Department of Civil, Environmental & Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA. Electronic address: yangxb@bjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaobao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory for Urban Transportation Complex Systems Theory and Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huan
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil, Environmental & Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdel-Aty
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil, Environmental & Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
authors.forename: Yichuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory for Urban Transportation Complex Systems Theory and Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Ziyou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000328:Adult; D000068476:Beijing; D001642:Bicycling / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009049:Motorcycles / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D012449:Safety / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Cyclist; Electric bike; Hazard-based duration model; Intersection; Red-light running; Waiting time