title: Effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on stress response in the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus Galloprovincialis): regulatory volume decrease (Rvd) and modulation of biochemical markers related to oxidative stress.
abstract: In this study the effects of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), are assessed on the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), exposed for 18 days at a concentration ranging from 0.1 mg/l to 1 mg/l. The effects are monitored using biomarkers related to stress response, such as regulatory volume decrease (RVD), and to oxidative stress, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), endogenous antioxidant systems and Hsp70 levels. The results demonstrate that cells from the digestive gland of M. galloprovincialis, exposed to SDS were not able to perform the RVD owing to osmotic stress. Further, SDS causes oxidative stress in treated organisms, as demonstrated by the increased ROS production, in comparison to the controls (p<0.05). Consequently, two enzymes involved in ROS scavenging, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) have higher activities and the proportion of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) is higher in hepatopancreas and mantle of treated animals, compared to untreated animals (p<0.05). Furthermore Hsp70 demonstrates an up-regulation in all the analyzed tissues of exposed animals, attesting the stress status induced by the surfactant with respect to the unexposed animals. The results highlight that SDS, under the tested concentrations, exerts a toxic effect in mussels in which the disruption of the osmotic balance follows the induction of oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: University of Palermo, Department of Earth and Marine Science DiSTeM, Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy. Electronic address: concetta.messina@unipa.it.
authors.forename: Concetta Maria
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Messina
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Faggio
authors.affiliation: Consorzio Universitario della Provincia di Trapani, Istituto di Biologia marina, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo Alessandro
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Laudicella
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Marilena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanfilippo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Trischitta
authors.affiliation: University of Palermo, Department of Earth and Marine Science DiSTeM, Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; Consorzio Universitario della Provincia di Trapani, Istituto di Biologia marina, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santulli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D049878:Mytilus / Q000187:drug effects*; D064587:Osmoregulation / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
keywords: Biomarkers of oxidative stress; Cell volume regulation; Endogenous antioxidants; Mytilus galloprovincialis; SDS (sodium dodecyl dulfate)