title: Outcomes registries: an untapped resource for use in surgical education.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) for use in profiling the aggregated resident operative experience by postgraduate training year and to demonstrate the extent to which a surgical registry could be used to examine resident exposure to adverse events.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Independent data regarding the operative experience and clinical effectiveness across residency programs remain elusive. In the absence of reliable data, the ability to standardize surgical education and reduce variation in practice remains an unachievable goal.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified general surgery cases using the ACS NSQIP Participant Use File 2011. Resident participation was defined according to postgraduate year (PGY). Descriptive statistical analyses were performed regarding procedure type and clinical outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the total general surgery cases, a PGY 1 to 5 resident participated in 87% (45,423), and 28% (n = 14,559) were performed with PGY 5 residents. Interns were involved with 10% (n = 5448) of the cases. The type of procedures performed varied by PGY, but cholecystectomy was the most common. Overall, 11% (4773) of cases were associated with an adverse event or mortality or both, with a mortality rate of 0.8% (374). The most common adverse event was bleeding (5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ACS NSQIP captures the breadth of the resident experience in operative case mix and exposure to adverse events. Although the program was originally designed to uncover areas for quality improvement, the findings of our study demonstrate the utility of an outcomes registry as a guide for the development of future educational content in the resident curriculum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Center for Surgery and Health Economics, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Electronic address: rebecca.hoffman@uphs.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Rebecca L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Center for Surgery and Health Economics, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Edmund K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Bartlett
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Rachel L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Medbery
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
authors.forename: Joseph V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Sakran
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Center for Surgery and Health Economics, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Jon B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Center for Surgery and Health Economics, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Rachel R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Kelz
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003479:Curriculum; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000379:methods; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008297:Male; D018794:Problem-Based Learning / Q000458:organization & administration*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D058996:Quality Improvement; D012042:Registries; D012955:Societies, Medical / Q000592:standards; D014481:United States
keywords: ACS NSQIP; Patient Care; Practice-Based Learning and Improvement; Systems-Based Practice; adverse event; procedure; resident; surgical resident; training