title: Reactive oxygen species regulate lovastatin biosynthesis in Aspergillus terreus during submerged and solid-state fermentations.
abstract: In a previous work we detected an important increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations during idiophase in lovastatin fermentations. Hence, the objective of the present work was to determine if ROS contributes to the regulation of lovastatin biosynthesis. Exogenous antioxidants were used to reduce ROS accumulation. The addition of N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) decreased ROS accumulation and concurrent lovastatin production. In solid-state fermentation (SSF), the addition of 100 mM of NAC lowered ROS accumulation by 53%, together with a 79% decrease in lovastatin biosynthesis. A similarly, situation was observed in submerged fermentation (SmF). Decreased lovastatin production was due to a lower expression of the regulatory gene lovE, and gene lovF. Moreover, the addition of H2O2 to the culture caused precocious gene expression and lovastatin biosynthesis. These results indicate that ROS accumulation in idiophase contributes to the regulation of the biosynthetic genes. It was considered that Yap1 (Atyap1) could be a transcription factor linking ROS with lovastatin biosynthesis. In a Northern analysis, Aspergillus terreus yap1 gene (Atyap1) was highly expressed during trophophase but down regulated during idiophase. Conversely, expression pattern of srrA gene, suggested that SrrA could positively control lovastatin biosynthesis, and also explaining the characteristics of the biosynthesis in SSF.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana -Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, 09340 México D.F., Mexico; Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana -Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, 09340 México D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Roxana U
authors.initials: RU
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana -Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, 09340 México D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Luis E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Gómez-Quiroz
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana -Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, 09340 México D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Mariel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mendoza
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana -Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, 09340 México D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Ailed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pérez-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana -Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, 09340 México D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fierro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana -Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, 09340 México D.F., Mexico. Electronic address: jbg@xanum.uam.mx.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barrios-González
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000378:metabolism; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media; D005285:Fermentation; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008148:Lovastatin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014157:Transcription Factors; D008148:Lovastatin; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D000111:Acetylcysteine
keywords: Lovastatin; ROS; ROS in lovastatin biosynthesis; Regulation of secondary metabolites; Submerged and solid-state fermentation