title: Regulation of biofilm formation in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
abstract: In animals, plants and the environment, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium forms the red dry and rough (rdar) biofilm characterized by extracellular matrix components curli and cellulose. With complex expression control by at least ten transcription factors, the bistably expressed orphan response regulator CsgD directs rdar morphotype development. CsgD expression is an integral part of the Hfq regulon and the complex cyclic diguanosine monophosphate signaling network partially controlled by the global RNA-binding protein CsrA. Cell wall turnover and the periplasmic redox status regulate csgD expression on a post-transcriptional level by unknown mechanisms. Furthermore, phosphorylation of CsgD is a potential inactivation and degradation signal in biofilm dissolution. Including complex incoherent feed-forward loops, regulation of biofilm formation versus motility and virulence is of recognized complexity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Simm
authors.forename: Irfan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rhen
authors.forename: Soazig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Le Guyon
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Römling
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D058727:RNA, Small Untranslated / Q000235:genetics*; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D058727:RNA, Small Untranslated
keywords: CsgD; CsrA; Dsb; Hfq; Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium; biofilm; bistability; cyclic di-GMP; lytic transglycosylases; small RNAs