title: Coexistence and relative abundance in plant communities are determined by feedbacks when the scale of feedback and dispersal is local.
abstract: 1.Negative plant-soil feedback occurs when the presence of an individual of a particular species at a particular site decreases the relative success of individuals of the same species compared to those other species at that site. This effect favors heterospecifics thereby facilitating coexistence and maintaining diversity. Empirical work has demonstrated that the average strengths of these feedbacks correlate with the relative abundance of species within a community, suggesting that feedbacks are an important driver of plant community composition. Understanding what factors contribute to the generation of this relationship is necessary for diagnosing the dynamic forces that maintain diversity in plant communities.2.We used a spatially explicit, individual-based computer simulation to test the effects of dispersal distance, the size of feedback neighbourhoods, the strength of pairwise feedbacks and community wide variation of feedbacks, community richness, as well as life-history differences on the dependence of relative abundance on strength of feedback.3.We found a positive dependence of relative abundance of a species on its average feedback for local scale dispersal and feedback. However, we found that the strength of this dependence decreased as either the spatial scale of dispersal and/or the spatial scale of feedback increased. We also found that for spatially local (i.e. relatively small) scale interaction and dispersal, as the mean strength of feedbacks in the community becomes less negative, the greater the increase in abundance produced by a comparable increase in species-specific average feedback. We found that life-history differences such as mortality rate did not generate a pattern with abundance, nor did they affect the relationship between abundance and average feedback.4.Synthesis. Our results support the claim that empirical observations of a positive correlation between relative abundance and strength of average feedback serves as evidence that local scale negative feedbacks play a prominent role in structuring plant communities. We also identify that this relationship depends upon local scale plant dispersal and feedback which generates clumping and magnifies the negative feedbacks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47405.
authors.forename: Keenan M L
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Mack
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47405.
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bever
keywords: Janzen-Connell hypothesis; coexistence; life-history trade-offs; negative density-dependence; plant–soil (below-ground) interactions; spatially explicit