title: Quality of life in Danish children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or multiple daily injections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of the study were to compare health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a National Danish population of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) treated with either continuous subcutaneous insulin injection (CSII) or multiple daily insulin injections (MDI), and to investigate whether HRQoL assessments were influenced by treatment duration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were recruited through the Danish Registry for Diabetes in Childhood and Adolescence. A total of 700 children and adolescents (360 girls), 8-17 years, were included. Of these, 295 were treated with CSII (160 for more than one year) and 405 with MDI (238 for more than one year). Participants and their parents completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Diabetes and Generic Module. HbA1c was analyzed centrally.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parents reported children and adolescents on CSII for more than one year to have less diabetes-related symptoms and worry, less problems in communicating diabetes, and better generic functioning compared with those on MDI. Children and adolescents on CSII for more than one year reported less diabetes-related symptoms, but more treatment problems, and better generic functioning in all subscales except social functioning compared with those on MDI for more than one year. Comparing those on CSII and MDI for less than one year, no differences in HRQoL ratings were found, apart from better rating of treatment barriers in the MDI group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This Danish national study on HRQoL in children and adolescents on CSII or MDI showed better HRQoL in children and adolescents on long time CSII, particularly concerning generic HRQoL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. Electronic address: nielbirk@rm.dk.
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Birkebaek
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Kristensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Mose
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thastum
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin
keywords: Children and adolescents; Continuous subcutaneous insulin injection; Multiple daily insulin injections; Quality of life