title: Irritants and corrosives.
abstract: This article reviews toxic chemicals that cause irritation and damage to single and multiple organ systems (corrosion) in an acute fashion. An irritant toxic chemical causes reversible damage to skin or other organ system, whereas a corrosive agent produces irreversible damage, namely, visible necrosis into integumentary layers, following application of a substance for up to 4 hours. Corrosive reactions can cause coagulation or liquefaction necrosis. Damaged areas are typified by ulcers, bleeding, bloody scabs, and eventual discoloration caused by blanching of the skin, complete areas of alopecia, and scars. Histopathology should be considered to evaluate questionable lesions.
authors.affiliation: Medical Toxicology, Clinical Forensic Medicine, TacticalTox, 3215 Golf Road #130, Delafield, WI 53018, USA. Electronic address: rttox@me.com.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tovar
authors.affiliation: Medical Toxicology, NorthShore University HealthSystems-OMEGA, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, 2150 Pfingsten Road, Suite 3000, Glenview, IL 60026, USA.
authors.forename: Jerrold B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Leikin
mesh_terms: D002057:Burns, Chemical / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D002424:Caustics / Q000506:poisoning*; D003666:Decontamination / Q000379:methods; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007509:Irritants / Q000506:poisoning*
chemical_list: D002424:Caustics; D007509:Irritants
keywords: Coagulative necrosis; Communication of hazards; Contact dermatitis; Corrosives; Hazardous materials; Irritants; Liquefactive necrosis; Triage systems