title: Delayed uric Acid accumulation in plasma provides additional anti-oxidant protection against iron-triggered oxidative stress after a wingate test.
abstract: Reactive oxygen species are produced during anaerobic exercise mostly by Fe ions released into plasma and endothelial/muscle xanthine oxidase activation that generates uric acid (UA) as the endpoint metabolite. Paradoxically, UA is considered a major antioxidant by virtue of being able to chelate pro-oxidative iron ions. This work aimed to evaluate the relationship between UA and plasma markers of oxidative stress following the exhaustive Wingate test. Plasma samples of 17 male undergraduate students were collected before, 5 and 60 min after maximal anaerobic effort for the measurement of total iron, haem iron, UA, ferric-reducing antioxidant activity in plasma (FRAP), and malondialdehyde (MDA, biomarker of lipoperoxidation). Iron and FRAP showed similar kinetics in plasma, demonstrating an adequate pro-/antioxidant balance immediately after exercise and during the recovery period (5-60 min). Slight variations of haem iron concentrations did not support a relevant contribution of rhabdomyolysis or haemolysis for iron overload following exercise. UA concentration did not vary immediately after exercise but rather increased 29% during the recovery period. Unaltered MDA levels were concomitantly measured. We propose that delayed UA accumulation in plasma is an auxiliary antioxidant response to post-exercise (iron-mediated) oxidative stress, and the high correlation between total UA and FRAP in plasma (R-Square = 0.636; p = 0.00582) supports this hypothesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tp
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Souza-Junior
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate program in Human Movement Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences (ICAFE), Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lorenço-Lima
authors.affiliation: Free Radical Metabolism Group, Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ganini
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate program in Human Movement Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences (ICAFE), Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cv
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vardaris
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate program in Human Movement Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences (ICAFE), Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tg
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Polotow
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate program in Human Movement Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences (ICAFE), Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mp
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barros
keywords: anaerobic metabolism; exercise; haemoglobin; lipid peroxidation; xanthine oxidase