title: The effect of combination oral contraceptives on smoking-related symptomatology during short-term smoking abstinence.
abstract: Although an estimated 25% of premenopausal smokers report using oral contraceptives (OC), little is known about how OC use may influence smoking cessation. The purpose of this study was to examine the difference in smoking-related symptomatology during acute smoking abstinence between women on a standardized combination OC (Tri-Sprintec(™)) compared to women not on OCs (no-OC). Participants were women aged 18-40 who smoked ≥5 cigarettes/day and reported regular menstrual cycles. Using a controlled cross-over design, participants completed two six-day testing weeks: Low Progesterone Week (LPW; Follicular (F) phase in no-OC or 1st week of pills in OC) and High Progesterone Week (HPW; Luteal (L) phase in no-OC or 3rd week of pills in OC). Each testing week included daily assessment of symptomatology and biochemical confirmation of smoking status. During smoking abstinence, the OC group (n=14) reported significantly lower levels of positive affect (21.56±7.12 vs. 24.57±6.46; β=3.63, p=0.0323) than the no-OC group (n=28). Further significant interactions between group and testing week were observed as follows: Smoking satisfaction was higher during LPW in the OC group (LPW: 4.29±1.30 vs. HPW: 4.10±1.37) but higher during HPW in the no-OC group (LPW: 3.91±1.30 vs. HPW: 4.23±1.30; β=-0.5499, p<0.0001). Similar interactions were noted in negative affect and psychological reward of smoking. These results suggest that women on OCs may have different patterns of smoking-related symptomatology during short-term smoking abstinence as compared to women not on OCs. Additional work is needed to examine how this may affect smoking cessation efforts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine & Community Health, Medical School, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 400, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States. Electronic address: kehoff@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hinderaker
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine & Community Health, Medical School, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Room 422, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States. Electronic address: alle0299@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Alicia M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Medical School, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Room 261, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States. Electronic address: tosun004@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tosun
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Duluth, 1035 University Drive, 236 SMed, D601A, Duluth, MN 55812, United States. Electronic address: malabsi@d.umn.edu.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: al'Absi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Room 256, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States. Electronic address: hatsu001@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Dorothy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hatsukami
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine & Community Health, Medical School, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Room A682, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States. Electronic address: allen001@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Sharon S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects*; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000523:psychology; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D012201:Reward; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral
keywords: Cessation; Females; Hormones; Nicotine; Smoking; Withdrawal