title: Spectroscopic and electrical studies on Nd(3+), Zr(4+) ions doped nano-sized BaTiO3 ferroelectrics prepared by sol-gel method.
abstract: Lead free ferroelectric ceramics in the form of Ba(1-3x)Nd(2x)Ti(1-y)ZryO3 ((where x=0.025, y=0 (BT1), 0.025 (BT2), 0.05 (BT3)) were prepared using sol-gel method. The surface morphology and the orientation of grains of the present ceramics were examined using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) images. The effect of Nd(3+), Zr(4+) ions content on the BaTiO3 was studied using Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies. From the Raman analysis the band observed at ∼838 cm(-1) was attributed due to the presence of Nd(3+)-barium vacancy pairs. The FTIR studies suggested that the addition of Nd(3+) ions in A-site of BaTiO3 (ABO3) perovskite create lattice distortion by forming A-site vacancies and Zr(4+) ions in B-site of BaTiO3 induce the lattice distortion by forming ZrO6 octahedra in the place of TiO6 octahedra. Dielectric measurements of the samples were done at different frequencies from RT-150°C. Charge transportation phenomenon is explained using DC conductivity, which is found to increase with temperature.
authors.affiliation: Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
authors.forename: Ch
authors.initials: Ch
authors.lastname: Sameera Devi
authors.affiliation: Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India. Electronic address: gudurup@gmail.com.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Prasad
mesh_terms: D017609:Barium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004560:Electricity; D007477:Ions; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009354:Neodymium / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D044367:Phase Transition; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013696:Temperature; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D017609:Barium Compounds; D007477:Ions; C024547:barium titanate(IV); D009354:Neodymium; D015040:Zirconium; D014025:Titanium; D007501:Iron
keywords: Conductivity; FTIR; Ferroelectrics; Raman; Sol–gel