title: The Coaching Behavior Scale for Sport (CBS-S): A psychometric evaluation of the Swedish version.
abstract: The present study validated a Swedish version of the 47-item Coaching Behavior Scale for Sport (CBS-S). Sample 1 consisted of 506 team sport athletes [262 men and 244 women; mean age: 22.20, standard deviation (SD) = 3.90] distributed across 41 coaches at the two highest national levels of various sports. Athletes completed the CBS-S and established questionnaires of coaching behaviors (LSS), self-confidence (CSAI-2R), and coach-athlete relationship (CART-Q). An additional sample of 39 basketball players (21 men and 18 women; mean age = 17.40, SD = 2.39) completed the CBS-S twice, approximately 4 weeks apart. Confirmatory factor analysis showed an acceptable model fit for the seven-factor version of the CBS-S, although two items of the negative personal rapport subscale displayed insufficient factor loadings. Correlations between the subscales of the CBS-S and established instruments were in accordance with theoretical expectations, supporting the concurrent validity. Cronbach's alpha (> 0.82) for all dimensions provided support for the reliability of the CBS-S, and test-retest correlations indicated moderate stability over time. Cultural differences in the assessment of coaching behaviors and the usability of the CBS-S by coaches for self-reflection and development are discussed.
authors.affiliation: The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.affiliation: The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lundqvist
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D056352:Athletes / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007857:Leadership; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008297:Male; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D011361:Professional Competence / Q000592:standards; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012649:Self Concept; D013177:Sports / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology* / Q000592:standards; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden; D014177:Translations; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Coaching; coach development; measurement; scale; team sport athletes