title: Prophylactic atrial arrhythmia surgical procedures with congenital heart operations: review and recommendations.
abstract: Specific congenital heart anomalies significantly increase the risk for late atrial arrhythmias, raising the question whether prophylactic arrhythmia operations should be incorporated into reparative open heart procedures. Currently no consensus exists regarding standard prophylactic arrhythmia procedures. Questions remain concerning the arrhythmia-specific lesions to perform, energy sources to use, need for atrial appendectomy, and choosing a right, left, or biatrial Maze procedure. These considerations are important because prophylactic arrhythmia procedures are performed without knowing if the patient will actually experience an arrhythmia. This review identifies congenital defects with a risk for the development of atrial arrhythmias and proposes standardizing lesion sets for prophylactic arrhythmia operations.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Children's Heart Surgery, Florida Hospital for Children, Orlando, Florida. Electronic address: constantine.mavroudis.md@flhosp.org.
authors.forename: Constantine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mavroudis
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Stulak
authors.affiliation: Inova Fairfax Hospital, Cardiac Surgery Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, Virginia.
authors.forename: Niv
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ad
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Children's Heart Surgery, Florida Hospital for Children, Orlando, Florida.
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siegel
authors.affiliation: Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Surgery, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato M.se (MI), Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giamberti
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto Congenital Cardiac Centre for Adults, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Carl L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Backer
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology and the Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsao
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dearani
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nihal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Weerasena
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology and the Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Deal
mesh_terms: D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D006325:Heart Atria; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic