title: Health risk to residents and stimulation to inherent bacteria of various heavy metals in soil.
abstract: The toxicities and effects of various metals and metalloids would be misunderstood by health risks based on their concentrations, when their effects on bacterial and ecological functions in soil are disregarded. This study investigated the concentrations and health risks of heavy metals, soil properties, and bacterial 16S rRNA gene in soil around the largest fresh water lake in North China. The health risks posed by Mn and As were higher than those of other heavy metals and metalloids. Mn, As, and C were significantly correlated with the bacterial species richness indices. According to canonical correspondence analysis, species richness was mainly affected by Mn, Pb, As, and organic matter, while species evenness was mainly affected by Mn, pH, N, C, Cd, and Pb. Covariable analysis confirmed that most effects of metals on bacterial diversity were attributed to the combined effects of metals and soil properties rather than single metals. Most bacteria detected in (almost) all soil were identified as Gammaproteobacteria. Specific bacteria belonging to Proteobacteria (Gamma, Alpha, Epsilon, and Beta), Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacterium, Nitrospirae, and Fusobacterium were only identified in soil with high concentrations of Mn, Pb, and As, indicating their remediation potency. Bacterial abilities and mechanisms in pollutant resistance and element cycling in the region were also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China.
authors.forename: Li-Hong
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Jun-Cheng
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China. Electronic address: daijiulan@sdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jiu-Lan
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Dai
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development*; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: 16S rRNA gene; Bacterial diversity; Health risks; Heavy metals; Multivariate analysis