title: Anti-inflammatory and anti-periductal fibrosis effects of an  anthocyanin complex in Opisthorchis viverrini-infected hamsters.
abstract: The pharmacological activities of herbal extracts can be enhanced by complex formation. In this study, we manipulated cyanidin and delphinidin-rich extracts to form an anthocyanin complex (AC) with turmeric and evaluated activity against inflammation and periductal fibrosis in Opisthorchis viverrini-infected hamsters. The AC was prepared from anthocyanins extracted from cobs of purple waxy corn (70%), petals of blue butterfly pea (20%) and turmeric extract (10%), resulting in an enhanced free-radical scavenging capacity. Oral administration of AC (175 and 700 mg/kg body weight) every day for 1 month to O. viverrini-infected hamsters resulted in reduced inflammatory cells and periductal fibrosis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and partial least square discriminant analysis suggested nucleic acid changes in the O. viverrini-infected liver samples, which were partially prevented by the AC treatment. AC reduced 8-oxodG formation, an oxidative DNA damage marker, significantly decreased levels of nitrite in the plasma and alanine aminotransferase activity and increased the ferric reducing ability of plasma. AC also decreased the expression of oxidant-related genes (NF-κB and iNOS) and increased the expression of antioxidant-related genes (CAT, SOD, and GPx). Thus, AC increases free-radical scavenging capacity, decreases inflammation, suppresses oxidative/nitrative stress, and reduces liver injury and periductal fibrosis in O. viverrini-infected hamsters.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Science Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kitti
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Intuyod
authors.forename: Aroonsri
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Priprem
authors.forename: Wanwisa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Limphirat
authors.forename: Lakhanawan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Charoensuk
authors.forename: Porntip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pinlaor
authors.forename: Chawalit
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pairojkul
authors.forename: Kamol
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lertrat
authors.forename: Somchai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pinlaor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D006224:Cricetinae; D030024:Curcuma / Q000737:chemistry; D004249:DNA Damage; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008647:Mesocricetus; D009889:Opisthorchiasis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D009891:Opisthorchis; D018532:Pisum sativum / Q000737:chemistry; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts