title: Synthesis of a microhydrogel composite from cellulose nanowhiskers and starch for drug delivery.
abstract: This work describes the preparation of a microhydrogel composite from cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) and starch in an ultrasound assisted-emulsion. CNW, which showed rod-like morphology, was obtained by acid hydrolysis of cane-based cellulose. The introduction of vinyl bonds to both CNW and starch enabled us to create the microhydrogel composite in which CNW played a role as a covalent cross-linker. Furthermore, CNW may act as an emulsifying agent for emulsion, improving both sphericity and homogeneity of the microparticles. The drug release was regulated in response to changes in the CNW amounts. The modeling of the release kinetics indicated that the drug release is driven by an anomalous mechanism and that the addition of CNW to starch microparticles led to differences in that mechanism. The release rate became ca. 2.9 times slower when CNW is added. When combined with starch, CNW played a role as a retardant factor for drug release.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Materiais Poliméricos e Compósitos (GMPC) - Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mauricio
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Materiais Poliméricos e Compósitos (GMPC) - Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pablo G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: da Costa
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Materiais Poliméricos e Compósitos (GMPC) - Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Shirani K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Haraguchi
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Materiais Poliméricos e Compósitos (GMPC) - Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Guilherme
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Materiais Poliméricos e Compósitos (GMPC) - Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edvani C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Muniz
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Materiais Poliméricos e Compósitos (GMPC) - Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil. Electronic address: afrubira@uem.br.
authors.forename: Adley F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Rubira
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D065546:Drug Liberation; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D031786:Saccharum; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013213:Starch / Q000737:chemistry*; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D020100:Hydrogels; D002482:Cellulose; D013213:Starch; C027433:bagasse; D014805:Vitamin B 12
keywords: Cellulose; Drug delivery; Microparticles; Nanowhiskers; Starch