title: Physical and chemical processes of air masses in the Aegean Sea during Etesians: Aegean-GAME airborne campaign.
abstract: High-resolution measurements of gas and aerosols' chemical composition along with meteorological and turbulence parameters were performed over the Aegean Sea (AS) during an Etesian outbreak in the framework of the Aegean-GAME airborne campaign. This study focuses on two distinct Etesian patterns, with similarities inside the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer (MABL) and differences at higher levels. Under long-range transport and subsidence the pollution load is enhanced (by 17% for CO, 11% for O3, 28% for sulfate, 62% for organic mass, 47% for elemental carbon), compared to the pattern with a weaker synoptic system. Sea surface temperature (SST) was a critical parameter for the MABL structure, turbulent fluxes and pollutants' distribution at lower levels. The MABL height was below 500 m asl over the eastern AS (favoring higher accumulation), and deeper over the western AS. The most abundant components of total PM1 were sulfate (40-50%) and organics (30-45%). Higher average concentrations measured over the eastern AS (131 ± 76 ppbv for CO, 62.5 ± 4.1 ppbv for O3, 5.0 ± 1.1 μg m(-3) for sulfate, 4.7 ± 0.9 μg m(-3) for organic mass and 0.5 ± 0.2 μg m(-3) for elemental carbon). Under the weaker synoptic system, cleaner but more acidic air masses prevailed over the eastern part, while distinct aerosol layers of different signature were observed over the western part. The Aitken and accumulation modes contributed equally during the long-range transport, while the Aitken modes dominated during local or medium range transport.
authors.affiliation: Divis. of Environmental Physics and Meteorology, Dept. of Physics, University of Athens, Athens, Greece. Electronic address: mtombrou@phys.uoa.gr.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tombrou
authors.affiliation: Divis. of Environmental Physics and Meteorology, Dept. of Physics, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bossioli
authors.affiliation: Inst. of Env. Research & Sustainable Development, Nat. Observatory of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kalogiros
authors.affiliation: The School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Manchester, UK; National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Allan
authors.affiliation: The School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bacak
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Environmental Studies, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, Greece; Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2628-CN, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Biskos
authors.affiliation: The School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Coe
authors.affiliation: Divis. of Environmental Physics and Meteorology, Dept. of Physics, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dandou
authors.affiliation: Env. Chemical Processes Lab., Dept. of Chemistry, Univ. of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kouvarakis
authors.affiliation: Inst. of Env. Research & Sustainable Development, Nat. Observatory of Athens, Greece; Env. Chemical Processes Lab., Dept. of Chemistry, Univ. of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mihalopoulos
authors.affiliation: The School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Percival
authors.affiliation: Divis. of Environmental Physics and Meteorology, Dept. of Physics, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Protonotariou
authors.affiliation: CzechGlobe, Bělida 986/4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic, Hungary.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Szabó-Takács
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000032:analysis; D000392:Air Movements; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D008522:Mediterranean Sea; D008685:Meteorological Concepts; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: Aegean-GAME campaign; Airborne measurements; Etesian winds; Gas and aerosol composition; Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer; Turbulent fluxes