title: In vitro cytotoxicity of calcium silicate-containing endodontic sealers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The cytotoxicity of 2 novel calcium silicate-containing endodontic sealers to human gingival fibroblasts was studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  EndoSequence BC (Brasseler, Savannah, GA), MTA Fillapex (Angelus Indústria de Produtos Odontológicos S/A, Londrina, PR, Brazil) and a control sealer (AH Plus; Dentsply DeTrey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany) were evaluated. Human gingival fibroblasts were incubated for 3 days both with the extracts from fresh and set materials in culture medium and cultured on the surface of the set materials in Dulbecco-modified Eagle medium. Fibroblasts cultured in Dulbecco-modified Eagle medium were used as a control group. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by flow cytometry, and the adhesion of the fibroblasts to the surface of the set materials was assessed using scanning electron microscopy. The data of cell cytotoxicity were analyzed statistically using a 1-way analysis of variance test at a significance level of P < .05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cells incubated with extracts from BC Sealer showed higher viabilities at all extract concentrations than cells incubated with extracts from freshly mixed AH Plus and fresh and set MTA Fillapex, esspecially for the high extract concentrations (1:2 and 1:8 dilutions). Extracts from set MTA Fillapex of 2 weeks and older were more cytotoxic than extracts from freshly mixed and 1-week-old cement. With extract concentrations of 1:32 and lower, MTA Fillapex was no longer cytotoxic. After setting, AH Plus was no longer cytotoxic, and the fibroblast cells grew on set AH Plus equally as well as on BC Sealer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BC Sealer and MTA Fillapex, the 2 calcium silicate-containing endodontic sealers, exhibited different cytotoxicity to human gingival fibroblasts.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China; Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Hui-min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China; Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Tian-feng
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Materials Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Zhe-jun
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China; State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yu-feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. Electronic address: markush@dentistry.ubc.ca.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haapasalo
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003470:Culture Media; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D003470:Culture Media; D003738:Dental Cements; D004338:Drug Combinations; C550603:EndoSequence root repair material; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C031293:calcium silicate
keywords: Calcium silicate–containing sealer; cell attachment; cytotoxicity; flow cytometry; mineral trioxide aggregate