title: European Maxillofacial Trauma (EURMAT) project: a multicentre and prospective study.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyse the demographics, causes and characteristics of maxillofacial fractures managed at several European departments of oral and maxillofacial surgery over one year. The following data were recorded: gender, age, aetiology, site of facial fractures, facial injury severity score, timing of intervention, length of hospital stay. Data for a total of 3396 patients (2655 males and 741 females) with 4155 fractures were recorded. The mean age differed from country to country, ranging between 29.9 and 43.9 years. Overall, the most frequent cause of injury was assault, which accounted for the injuries of 1309 patients; assaults and falls alternated as the most important aetiological factor in the various centres. The most frequently observed fracture involved the mandible with 1743 fractures, followed by orbital-zygomatic-maxillary (OZM) fractures. Condylar fractures were the most commonly observed mandibular fracture. The results of the EURMAT collaboration confirm the changing trend in maxillofacial trauma epidemiology in Europe, with trauma cases caused by assaults and falls now outnumbering those due to road traffic accidents. The progressive ageing of the European population, in addition to strict road and work legislation may have been responsible for this change. Men are still the most frequent victims of maxillofacial injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, VU University Medical Center and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: paolo.boffano@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boffano
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Roccia
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zavattero
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Emil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dediol
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Vedran
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Uglešić
authors.affiliation: Maxillofacial Department, UKC Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Žiga
authors.initials: Ž
authors.lastname: Kovačič
authors.affiliation: Maxillofacial Department, UKC Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Aleš
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vesnaver
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Vitomir S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Konstantinović
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petrović
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS, London, UK.
authors.forename: Jonny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS, London, UK.
authors.forename: Amar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kanzaria
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS, London, UK.
authors.forename: Nabeel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bhatti
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS, London, UK.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillo-facial Surgery, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Petia F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Pechalova
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillo-facial Surgery, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Angel G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Bakardjiev
authors.affiliation: Department for Oral and Maxillo-facial Surgery, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kiev, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Vladislav A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Malanchuk
authors.affiliation: Department for Oral and Maxillo-facial Surgery, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kiev, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Andrey V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Kopchak
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Pål
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galteland
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Even
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mjøen
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Skjelbred
authors.affiliation: Service de Stomatologie et Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale, Chu de Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Carine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koudougou
authors.affiliation: Service de Stomatologie et Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale, Chu de Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mouallem
authors.affiliation: Service de Stomatologie et Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale, Chu de Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Corre
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Sigbjørn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Løes
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Njål
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lekven
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, NHS Tayside, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laverick
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, NHS Tayside, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatology Clinic, Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia.
authors.forename: Tiia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamme
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatology Clinic, Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akermann
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, VU University Medical Center and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: K Hakki
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Karagozoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, VU University Medical Center and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sofie C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kommers
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, VU University Medical Center and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Tymour
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Forouzanfar
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000293:injuries; D008337:Mandibular Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology; D008440:Maxillary Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology; D008446:Maxillofacial Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D060051:Occupational Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012621:Seasons; D012737:Sex Factors; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015051:Zygomatic Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Aetiology; Assaults; Cause; Epidemiology; Facial fracture; Mandible