title: [The physiology of glucagon-like peptide-1 and its role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus].
abstract: The hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is synthesized and secreted by L cells in the small intestine in response to food ingestion. After reaching the general circulation it has a half-life of 2-3 minutes due to degradation by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4. Its physiological role is directed to control plasma glucose concentration, though GLP-1 also plays other different metabolic functions following nutrient absorption. Biological activities of GLP-1 include stimulation of insulin biosynthesis and glucose-dependent insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cell, inhibition of glucagon secretion, delay of gastric emptying and inhibition of food intake. GLP-1 is able to reduce plasma glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes and also can restore beta cell sensitivity to exogenous secretagogues, suggesting that the increasing GLP-1 concentration may be an useful therapeutic strategy for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España. Electronic address: fescalada@unav.es.
authors.forename: Francisco Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Escalada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002239:Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000503:physiopathology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000502:physiology; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide / Q000502:physiology; D005934:Glucagon / Q000378:metabolism; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000819:agonists / Q000502:physiology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D054795:Incretins / Q000502:physiology; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D008286:Malabsorption Syndromes / Q000503:physiopathology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008954:Models, Biological; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; C000593833:GLP1R protein, human; C000593834:Glp1r protein, mouse; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D054795:Incretins; D007328:Insulin; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005934:Glucagon; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Análogos del GLP-1; Beta cell; Célula beta; DPP-4; Diabetes mellitus tipo 2; GIP; GLP-1; GLP-1 analogs; Gastric emptying; Glucagon; Glucagón; Insulin; Insulina; Obesidad; Obesity; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Vaciamiento gástrico