title: Recovering from disasters: a study of livelihoods in post-quake villages in northern Pakistan.
abstract: The October 2005 earthquake in northern Pakistan severely affected the livelihoods of 1.5 million people. With the destruction of material assets and communications infrastructure, the quake had a devastating impact on people's way of life in this remote mountainous region. This paper explores livelihood revival interventions undertaken during the earthquake response, and considers how differentiated livelihood outcomes were achieved. In addressing this objective the paper examines livelihood rehabilitation schemes in terms of structural aspects, working strategies, key factors, strengths of interventions and the role of human agency in influencing livelihood trajectories of quake-affected communities. Primary data for this study was gathered in northern Pakistan between October 2008 and January 2009. The study identifies structural shortcomings and strengths of the programmes attempting to revive the livelihoods of poor and vulnerable households. It identifies how households in two villages made the most of opportunities to improve their lives and move towards favourable outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor and Director of the Center for Peace and Conflict Studies, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Kashif Saeed
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Nadarajah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shanmugaratnam
authors.forename: Ingrid L P
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Nyborg
mesh_terms: D004190:Disasters; D055866:Earthquakes; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005378:Financial Support; D006801:Humans; D010154:Pakistan; D011203:Poverty; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012066:Relief Work / Q000191:economics*; D035862:Vulnerable Populations
keywords: human agency; livelihoods; northern Pakistan; post-disaster recoveries