title: Circulatory adipocytokines and lipid profile variations in type-2 diabetic subjects: desirable side-effects of antidiabetic drugs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inspite of availability of a variety of drugs to treat type 2 diabetes, little is known about their effects on other systems. Normalization of glucose metabolism by these drugs may consequently affect the secretory function in adipocytes. Secretory adipocytokines like adiponectin and leptin are emerging as novel therapeutic targets for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The present study was undertaken to analyze the effects of commonly used Oral Hypoglycemic Agents (OHAs) alone, or in combination with other drugs and/or insulin on circulatory adiponectin and leptin levels, lipid profile, and blood pressure in diabetic subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was undertaken at IRSHA and Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College and Hospital, MS, India. Clinically diagnosed T2DM subjects and age, gender matched healthy controls were recruited. Fasting blood was collected from each subject and the blood samples were analyzed for circulatory adipocytokines and lipid parameters using commercial kits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum adiponectin levels were significantly increased while leptin significantly decreased in diabetic men (p<0.05) and women (p<0.001) on OHA, as compared to healthy controls. Triglyceride levels significantly decreased (p<0.05) in diabetic men, however, they remained unchanged in women despite same drug treatment. Serum HDL and LDL levels (p<0.001) were significantly lower in diabetic women as compared to healthy women. Systolic (p<0.05) and diastolic (p<0.001) blood pressure was significantly high in diabetic men but remained unchanged in women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Frequently used OHAs significantly improve circulatory levels of adipocytokines. Selecting best treatment option for each patient is a key, and 2012 European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and ADA guidelines recommend diabetes treatment to be individualized depending on various socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. We recommend regular analysis of circulatory adipocytokines in T2DM patients to help clinicians select the best treatment option to normalize levels of these important therapeutic targets.
authors.affiliation: Nutrigenomics and Functional Foods Laboratory, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India.
authors.forename: Abhijit A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ghadge
authors.affiliation: Nutrigenomics and Functional Foods Laboratory, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India.
authors.forename: Shubhangi M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Harke
authors.affiliation: Nutrigenomics and Functional Foods Laboratory, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India.
authors.forename: Suresh P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Khadke
authors.affiliation: Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India.
authors.forename: Arundhati G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Diwan
authors.affiliation: Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India.
authors.forename: Madhu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pankaj
authors.affiliation: Nutrigenomics and Functional Foods Laboratory, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India.
authors.forename: Omkar P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.affiliation: Nutrigenomics and Functional Foods Laboratory, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India.
authors.forename: Prabhakar K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Ranjekar
authors.affiliation: Nutrigenomics and Functional Foods Laboratory, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India. Electronic address: kuaniket@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Aniket A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kuvalekar
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019518:Postprandial Period; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D020738:Leptin; D008055:Lipids
keywords: Adipocytokines; Antidiabetic drugs; Blood pressure; Lipid profile; T2DM