title: Macrophage immunoregulatory pathways in tuberculosis.
abstract: Macrophages, the major host cells harboring Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), are a heterogeneous cell type depending on their tissue of origin and host they are derived from. Significant discord in macrophage responses to M.tb exists due to differences in M.tb strains and the various types of macrophages used to study tuberculosis (TB). This review will summarize current concepts regarding macrophage responses to M.tb infection, while pointing out relevant differences in experimental outcomes due to the use of divergent model systems. A brief description of the lung environment is included since there is increasing evidence that the alveolar macrophage (AM) has immunoregulatory properties that can delay optimal protective host immune responses. In this context, this review focuses on selected macrophage immunoregulatory pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), cytokines, negative regulators of inflammation, lipid mediators and microRNAs (miRNAs).
authors.affiliation: Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Murugesan V S
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Rajaram
authors.affiliation: Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Claire E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Dodd
authors.affiliation: Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Electronic address: larry.schlesinger@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: Larry S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Schlesinger
mesh_terms: D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology*; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D035683:MicroRNAs; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition
keywords: Innate immunity; Lung; Macrophages; MicroRNAs; Pattern recognition receptors