title: [Urethral meatus deformities and urethra hypospadias in women: prevalence, problems and definitions. Study of 12,739 patients].
abstract: The difficulty to access to the urethral meatus is found in women in relation to morphological abnormalities of urogenital or ectopic locations meatus, whether acquired (urethral meatus buried [UMB]) or congenital reality (urethra hypospadias [UH]). The pathophysiology is not unequivocal with lack of clear and specific studies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Verify the existence of specific functional problems, assess the prevalence and identify the anatomical features of UMB and UH.
  
  
  METHODS
  UMB and UH were sought in a computerized database listing the patients attending a neurourology department between 2000 and 2014 for a pelvic-perineal disease. Each case was analysed for specific reached leaks, urinary tract infections and difficulties catheterization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 12,739, 131 patients (1%) met the inclusion criteria, including 18 UH and 113 UMB. Ninety-one patients consulted for urinary disorders of neurological origin. The circumstances of UMB and UH discovery were: perineal systematic review in 63 cases (48%); difficulties of urethral catheterization in 65 cases (49%); urinary incontinence for 3 patients (3%). Urinary tract infections have not led to the discovery of UMB or UH. Difficulties locating the urethral meatus were congenital (UH) in 18 cases (13%). In 113 cases (87%), it was an acquired abnormality (UMB) overweight for 16 patients (12%), troublesome spasticity of the adductor muscles in 18 cases (14%), vulvovaginal atrophy in 5 cases (4%) and a patient (1%) with a pelvic organ prolapse. No details were given for the remaining 72 patients (54%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The urethral meatus difficult access due to MUE or UH can be met in a specialized service but the exact concept of MUE be defined. It can be considered as urethral meatus difficult to access and the cause is acquired. Functional impairment may be particularly important in patients requiring catheterization for bladder emptying.
  
  
  METHODS
  4.
authors.affiliation: Service de neuro-urologie, hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France. Electronic address: marjoriesalga@hotmail.fr.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salga
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne universités, UPMC université Paris 06, GRC 01, GREEN, Group of Clinical Research in Neuro-Urology, 75005 Paris, France; Service de neuro-urologie, hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guinet-Lacoste
authors.affiliation: Service de neuro-urologie, hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Demans-Blum
authors.affiliation: Service de neuro-urologie, hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thomas-Pohl
authors.affiliation: Service de neuro-urologie, hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weglinski
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne universités, UPMC université Paris 06, GRC 01, GREEN, Group of Clinical Research in Neuro-Urology, 75005 Paris, France; Service de neuro-urologie, hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Amarenco
mesh_terms: D001284:Atrophy; D003558:Cystoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014521:Urethra / Q000002:abnormalities*; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D014563:Urodynamics; D014621:Vagina / Q000473:pathology; D014844:Vulva / Q000473:pathology
keywords: Female hypospadias; Hypospadias féminin; Incontinence urinaire; Intermittent catheterisation; Méat urétral enfoui; Sondage intermittent; Sondage urinaire; Urethra hypospadias; Urethral meatus buried; Urinary incontinence; Urètre hypospade