title: Viral gastroenteritis in rotavirus negative hospitalized children <5 years of age from the independent states of the former Soviet Union.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rotavirus causes nearly 40% of all hospitalizations for AGE among children <5 years of age in the NIS of the former Soviet Union. The etiologic role of other established gastroenteritis viruses in this age group is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory-confirmed rotavirus negative fecal specimens (N=495) collected between January and December 2009 from children in 6 NIS (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Republic of Moldova and Ukraine) were tested for norovirus, sapovirus, enteric adenovirus and astrovirus by real-time RT-PCR. Genotyping was carried out by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Norovirus, enteric adenovirus, sapovirus and astrovirus were detected in 21.8%, 4.0%, 3.2%, and 1.4% of the rotavirus negative specimens, respectively. Mixed infections were identified in 4.1% of the specimens. Phylogenetic analysis showed co-circulation of several different genotypes with GII.4 Den Haag (2006b) norovirus, GI.2 sapovirus, adenovirus type 41, and astrovirus type 1 causing majority of the infections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Norovirus, enteric adenovirus, sapovirus and astrovirus account for a significant proportion (30.5%) of AGE in hospitalized children <5 years of age in 6 NIS.
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States. Electronic address: pchhabra@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Preeti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chhabra
authors.affiliation: Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Minsk, Belarus.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Samoilovich
authors.affiliation: Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Minsk, Belarus.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yermalovich
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Clinical Immunology of National Academy for Post-graduate Education, Kiev, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Liudmyla
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chernyshova
authors.affiliation: National Center for Public Health, Chişinău, Republic of Moldova.
authors.forename: Stela
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gheorghita
authors.affiliation: National Center for Public Health, Chişinău, Republic of Moldova.
authors.forename: Radu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cojocaru
authors.affiliation: Azerbaijan Republican Anti-plague Station, Baku, Azerbaijan.
authors.forename: Nazim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shugayev
authors.affiliation: National Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Health, Yerevan, Armenia.
authors.forename: Gayane
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sahakyan
authors.affiliation: National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lashkarashvili
authors.affiliation: National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chubinidze
authors.affiliation: National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia.
authors.forename: Khatuna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zakhashvili
authors.affiliation: WHO Regional Office for Europe, Vaccine-preventable Diseases & Immunization, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Dovile
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Videbaek
authors.affiliation: WHO Regional Office for Europe, Vaccine-preventable Diseases & Immunization, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Annemarie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wasley
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vinjé
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D000257:Adenoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010802:Phylogeny; D012327:RNA Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D012328:RNA Viruses / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D014586:USSR / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Adenovirus; Astrovirus; Gastroenteritis; Norovirus; Rotavirus; Sapovirus