title: The association of leptin and homocysteine with renal function impairment in a population of Taiwanese adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Higher levels of leptin and homocysteine (Hcy) have been evaluated as risk factors of chronic kidney disease in patients and general population. The aim of this study was to examine gender differences in the associations of leptin and Hcy levels and renal function a representative healthy young population in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants aged ≥18 years who underwent health examinations were included and categorized into three groups by gender-specific tertiles of leptin and Hcy levels. Estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) were estimated according to the modified equation of Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A higher mean Hcy level was found in male subjects than females. Mean values of metabolic syndrome risk factors significantly elevated with increasing leptin levels in both genders. Both male and female subjects with higher plasma Hcy levels were more likely to have a lower eGFR. Plasma Hcy levels were significantly negatively correlated with eGFR in linear regression models adjusted for age and smoking. The associations persisted even after mean arterial pressure and fasting plasma glucose were included for adjustments both genders. Plasma Hcy level was negatively associated eGFR and the association was more profound for females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leptin levels did not reveal strong or consistent evidence to support a significant association with eGFR. Hcy had a more decisive effect on renal function impairment than leptin and may be considered a more sensitive biomarker for Taiwanese adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jau-Yuan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shou-Yen
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Taiwan; Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Chiayi Branch, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Ting
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupation Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Taiwan. Electronic address: 620313@adm.cgmh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Wen-Cheng
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin; D006710:Homocysteine; D003404:Creatinine
keywords: Chronic kidney disease; Estimated glomerular filtration rate; Homocysteine; Hyperhomocysteinaemia; Leptin