title: Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) in geriatric primary care: a feasibility study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate the feasibility of generating patient-centered goals using GAS with older adults who have multiple chronic conditions, recruited through primary care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults age 65+ (N=27) were recruited from a geriatric primary care center. Participants were asked to identify 2-4 activity-based goals and set attainment levels using GAS. At 8 weeks, participants were asked to rate current level of their goal performance. Physician surveys were used to evaluate if goals were realistic and feasible, and patient surveys were implemented to evaluate satisfaction. GAS T-scores were used to quantify change in goal achievement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-three percent (n=25) of participants were able to establish a minimum of two goals using GAS. 100% of participants were able to rate goal performance at follow-up. Physician survey results identified 100% of goals realistic and 93% achievable and 100% of participants were either neutral or satisfied with the process. Significant improvement was reported in GAS change scores (t(24)=6.54, p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings support the feasibility of GAS for older adults with multiple chronic conditions in geriatric primary care as a strategy to facilitate patient-centered care and suggest that the process of personalized goal-setting itself may facilitate goal attainment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, 5012 Forbes Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA. Electronic address: pet3@pitt.edu.
authors.forename: Pamela E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Toto
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, 5012 Forbes Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Skidmore
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, 5012 Forbes Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Terhorst
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh M240 Scaife Hall 3550 Terrace Street Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Jules
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center - VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, 3950 Allequippa Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; School of Medicine and Clinical & Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, USA.
authors.forename: Debra K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Weiner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D006040:Goals; D006299:Health Services for the Aged; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018802:Patient-Centered Care; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration
keywords: Chronic conditions; GAS; Older adults; Patient-centered care; Primary care