title: Effect of particles of ashes produced from sugarcane burning on the respiratory system of rats.
abstract: The practice of burning sugarcane obtained by non-mechanized harvesting exposes workers and the people of neighboring towns to high concentrations of particulate matter (PM) that is harmful to health, and may trigger a series of cardiorespiratory diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the chemical composition of the micro-particles coming from sugarcane burning residues and to verify the effects of this micro-particulate matter on lung and tracheal tissues. Micro-particulate matter (PM10) was obtained by dissolving filter paper containing burnt residues in NaCl solution. This material was instilled into the Wistar rats' nostrils. Histological analyses (hematoxylin and eosin - HE) of cardiac, lung and tracheal tissues were performed. Inflammatory mediators were measured in lung tissues by using ELISA. The chemical composition of the particulate material revealed a large quantity of the phthalic acid ester, high concentrations of phenolic compounds, anthracene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Histological analysis showed a reduction in subjacent conjunctive tissue in the trachea, lung inflammation with inflammatory infiltrate formation and reduction of alveolar spaces and a significant increase (p<0.05) in the release of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and INF-γ in the group treated with PM10 when compared to the control group. We concluded that the burning sugarcane residues release many particles, which have toxic chemical compounds. The micro-particulate matter can induce alterations in the respiratory system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: luiz.enferreira@gmail.com.
authors.forename: L E N
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: bvm_bob@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: B V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Muniz
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: telmobittar@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: T O
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Bittar
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: lucianaberto@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Berto
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: sfigueroba@uol.com.br.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Figueroba
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: fcgroppo@fop.unicamp.br.
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Groppo
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: apereira@fop.unicamp.br.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Pereira
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006652:Histological Techniques; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000187:drug effects*; D031786:Saccharum / Q000737:chemistry*; D014132:Trachea / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D052638:Particulate Matter; D010636:Phenols; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D007371:Interferon-gamma; C007379:diethyl phthalate
keywords: Aromatic hydrocarbons; Cytokines release and lung inflammation; Particulate matter; Sugarcane residues; Trachea morfology alterations