title: Review of the emerging treatment of Clostridium difficile infection with fecal microbiota transplantation and insights into future challenges.
abstract: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is one of the most common health care-associated infections in the United States. Currently, there are no standardized methods to prepare or deliver the fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Various methods are used to prepare the FMT, which is usually administered via nasogastric tube, colonoscopy, or by enema. Several clinical trials are underway to assess the true efficacy and safety of FMT for CDI. These trials include CDI studies assessing FMT via colonoscopy and frozen encapsulation, fresh versus frozen-and-thawed FMT by enema, FMT compared with a vancomycin taper, and FMT in the pediatric population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 777 Massachusetts Avenue, 56-651, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Zain
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kassam
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, 50 Charlton Avenue, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada.
authors.forename: Christine H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University Health Science Centre, McMaster University, Room 3V3, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Health Sciences Centre, Rm 3N4, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada. Electronic address: huntr@mcmaster.ca.
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Hunt
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016360:Clostridioides difficile; D003015:Clostridium Infections / Q000628:therapy*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Clostridium difficile; Fecal microbiota transplantation; Health care–associated infections; Treatment