title: Attenuation of ER stress prevents post-infarction-induced cardiac rupture and remodeling by modulating both cardiac apoptosis and fibrosis.
abstract: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is implicated in the pathophysiology of various cardiovascular diseases, but the role of ER stress in cardiac rupture and/or remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) is still unclear. Here we investigated whether ER stress plays a major role for these processes in mice. We ligated the left coronary artery (LCA) without reperfusion in mice and administered either NaCl or 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA, 20 mg/kg/d) intraperitoneally for 4 weeks. Cardiac rupture rates during the first week of MI were 37.5% and 18.2% in the control and 4-PBA groups, respectively. The extent of ventricular aneurysm and fibrosis was less, and the cardiac function better, in the 4-PBA group compared with the control group. The protein levels of ER stress markers in the heart tissues of the control group remained elevated during the entire 4-week period after MI, while pro-apoptotic proteins mainly increased in the early phase, and the pro-fibrotic proteins markedly increased in the late phase post MI; 4-PBA decreased all of these protein levels. In the primary cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes or fibroblasts, hypoxia (3% O2) increased the number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes and promoted the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts, all of which were attenuated by 4-PBA (0.5 mM). These findings indicate that MI induces ER stress and provokes cardiac apoptosis and fibrosis, culminating in cardiac rupture and remodeling, and that the attenuation of ER stress could be an effective therapeutic target to prevent post-MI complications.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA; Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. Electronic address: luot5@uci.edu.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA.
authors.forename: Jin Kyung
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
authors.forename: Baihe
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536-0509, USA.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdel-Latif
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Research and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita 5675-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitakaze
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006341:Heart Rupture / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010654:Phenylbutyrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D010654:Phenylbutyrates; C075773:4-phenylbutyric acid
keywords: Apoptosis; Cardiac remodeling; Cardiac rupture; ER stress; Fibrosis; Myocardial infarction