title: Differential recruitment of executive control regions during phonological competition in monolinguals and bilinguals.
abstract: Behavioral research suggests that monolinguals and bilinguals differ in how they manage within-language phonological competition when listening to language. The current study explored whether bilingual experience might also change the neural resources recruited to control spoken-word competition. Seventeen Spanish-English bilinguals and eighteen English monolinguals completed an fMRI task in which they searched for a picture representing an aurally presented word (e.g., "candy") from an array of four presented images. On competitor trials, one of the objects in the display shared initial phonological overlap with the target (e.g., candle). While both groups experienced competition and responded more slowly on competitor trials than on unrelated trials, fMRI data suggest that monolinguals, but not bilinguals, activated executive control regions (e.g., anterior cingulate, superior frontal gyrus) during within-language phonological competition. We conclude that differences in how monolinguals and bilinguals manage competition may result from bilinguals' more efficient deployment of neural resources.
authors.affiliation: Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States. Electronic address: v-marian@u.northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Viorica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Marian
authors.affiliation: Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chabal
authors.affiliation: Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bartolotti
authors.affiliation: University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
authors.forename: Kailyn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.affiliation: University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
authors.forename: Arturo E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Hernandez
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D001307:Auditory Perception; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D004739:England; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008037:Linguistics; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D019303:Multilingualism; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D013030:Spain; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bilingual; Cortical efficiency; Executive control; Functional neuroimaging; Monolingual; Phonological competition