title: The Durban World Congress Ethics Round Table IV: health care professional end-of-life decision making.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  When terminal illness exists, it is common clinical practice worldwide to withhold (WH) or withdraw (WD) life-sustaining treatments. Systematic documentation of professional opinion and perceived practice similarities and differences may allow recommendations to be developed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Speakers from invited faculty of the World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine Congress that took place in Durban (2013), with an interest in ethics, were approached to participate in an ethics round table. Key domains of health care professional end-of-life decision making were defined, explored by discussion, and then questions related to current practice and opinion developed and subsequently answered by round-table participants to establish the presence or absence of agreement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Agreement was established for the desirability for early goal-of-care discussions and discussions between health care professionals to establish health care provider consensus and confirmation of the grounds for WH/WD, before holding formal WH/WD discussions with patients/surrogates. Nurse and other health care professional involvement were common in most but not all countries/regions. Principles and practical triggers for initiating discussions on WH/WD, such as multiorgan failure, predicted short-term survival, and predicted poor neurologic outcome, were identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was majority agreement for many but not all statements describing health care professional end-of-life decision making.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong. Electronic address: gavinmjoynt@cuhk.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Gavin M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Joynt
authors.affiliation: Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Australia.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lipman
authors.affiliation: Center for Sepsis Control and Care, University of Jena, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hartog
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guidet
authors.affiliation: University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Fathima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paruk
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.affiliation: BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Niranjan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kissoon
authors.affiliation: Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Sprung
mesh_terms: D003226:Congresses as Topic; D003422:Critical Care / Q000941:ethics*; D003657:Decision Making; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D013019:South Africa; D013727:Terminal Care / Q000941:ethics*; D028761:Withholding Treatment / Q000941:ethics
keywords: Definitions; Ethics; Futility; Intensive care; Surrogate; Terminal illness