title: Lack of confirmation of thyroid endophenotype in Bipolar Disorder Type I and their first-degree relatives.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Among the biological factors associated with the development and outcomes in Bipolar Disorder Type I (BD-I), previous studies have highlighted the involvement of both thyroid function and/or auto-immunity, proposing a thyroid endophenotype. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of thyroid alterations in BD-I and their first-degree relatives (FDR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Unselected, cross-sectional case-control study with parallel analysis of individuals affected by BD-I (239), their FD-R (131), and 108 healthy controls. Thyroidal functional abnormalities (TSH and free T4) and thyroidal antibodies (thyroglobulin and thyroperoxidase antibodies) were studied. Assessments were carried out in parallel. The sample was described using arithmetic means, standard deviations, percentages and ranges. Chi-square, Student-t tests, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficients were used when indicated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BD-I on actual and/or ever treated with lithium showed significant thyroidal functional abnormalities as compared to their FD-R and healthy controls. This BD-I subgroup showed a significant greater proportion of subjects suffering from subclinical hypothyroidism (22%). The role of gender/lithium interactions was relevant. The groups did not show differences in terms of positivization of thyroidal antibodies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The crosssectional design and the lack of determination of dietary iodine deficiencies and/or thyroidal ecographical controls may be a drawback.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study supports previous findings on the effect of lithium treatment on thyroidal functional, but did not support previous findings related to a familial association or endophenotype. In addition, the present study did not support a familial aggregation of thyroidal antibodies positivization in pedegrees of BD-I.
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Department, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain. Electronic address: jcobo@tauli.cat.
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cobo
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Giménez-Palop
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Department, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Ester
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Patró
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Psychopathology and Neuropsychology Research Unit, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Mireia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.affiliation: Osona Mental Health, Consorci Hospitalari de Vic, Vic, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bleda
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Department, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Barbero
authors.affiliation: Unit of Epidemiology & Stadistic, Fundació Parc Taulí, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Joan-Carles
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Oliva
authors.affiliation: Department of Security & Working Health, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Department, UDIAT-CD, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berlanga
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Department, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: García-Parés
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Department, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Palao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D058068:Endophenotypes; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013954:Thyroglobulin / Q000276:immunology; D013960:Thyroid Function Tests; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood*; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D013954:Thyroglobulin; D013974:Thyroxine
keywords: Autoimmunity; Bipolar disorders; Endophenotype; Thyroglobulin antibodies; Thyroid function; Thyroperoxidase antibodies