title: Reason, emotion, compassion: can altruism survive professionalisation in the humanitarian sector?
abstract: The humanitarian sector has grown enormously over the past two decades. Some fear that professionalisation comes at the expense of altruistic volunteering. This may be a valid concern if altruism is the product of organisational culture and individual experiences rather than an innate trait. This paper examines advances in evolutionary biology and neurology that provide evidence in support of both the nature and nurture arguments, echoing earlier insights from social sciences. It then questions to what extent humanitarian principles build on altruistic impulses or instead seek to constrain them, and reviews recruitment profiles of selected humanitarian organisations and applicants' letters accordingly. This initial investigation warrants further research to identify how altruism as a personal trait and an organisational principle has influenced diverse humanitarian actors and traditions. This paper outlines how training curricula and organisational reward systems can build on-rather than stifle-natural altruism to nurture critical, reflexive practitioners.
authors.affiliation: Professor, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, and President, Centre for Education and Research in Humanitarian Action, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carbonnier
mesh_terms: D000533:Altruism; D004644:Emotions; D004645:Empathy; D006801:Humans; D009042:Motivation; D015279:Organizational Culture; D024382:Professional Role / Q000523:psychology*; D014838:Volunteers / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: altruism; evolutionary biology; homo economicus; humanitarianism; neurology; professionalisation; volunteering