title: Isolation and identification of ingredients inducing cancer cell death from the seeds of Alpinia galanga, a Chinese spice.
abstract: This study was carried out to isolate ingredients from the seeds of a Chinese spice (Alpinia galangal) and to evaluate their cytotoxic activity on cancer cell lines. Isolation and purification of the phytochemical constituents were conducted using silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and ODS columns. After extraction using 95% ethanol, the total extracts were re-extracted, resulting in petroleum ether (PE), ethyl acetate (EA) and water fractions, respectively. Activity tests showed that the EA fraction exhibited obvious (p < 0.05) protective effects on H2O2 damaged PC-12 cells at 20 μg mL(-1), and showed much higher (p < 0.05) cytotoxic activity on cancer cell lines than other fractions. Five compounds, 1'-S-1'-acetoxyeugenol acetate (I), 1'-S-1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (II), 2-propenal, 3-[4-(acetyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl] (III), isocoronarin D (IV) and caryolane-1, 9β-diol (V), were obtained from the EA fraction and identified by HPLC, UV, MS, and NMR spectroscopic analyses. Compounds III and V were isolated from A. galangal for the first time. Moreover, compounds I, II, IV and V were the main active ingredients for inducing death of the tested cancer cells, and their IC50 values ranged from 60 to 90 μg mL(-1), indicating that these compounds possessed a wide anti-cancer capability. Therefore, A. galangal seeds could be a potential source of healthy food for tumor prevention.
authors.affiliation: College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China. jgjiang@scut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qiao-hui
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Chuan-Li
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Xue-wu
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jian-Guo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry; D032429:Alpinia / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003911:Dextrans; D005504:Food Analysis; D006367:HeLa Cells; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D017365:Spices
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D003911:Dextrans; D010936:Plant Extracts; C007650:ethyl acetate; C025614:sephadex; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide