title: DIPNECH: when to suggest this diagnosis on CT.
abstract: Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) is an under-recognized disease characterized by proliferation of neuroendocrine cells in the bronchial wall. It is considered a pre-invasive lesion for lung carcinoid tumours and is found in 5.4% of patients undergoing surgical resection for lung carcinoid tumours. Other manifestations of DIPNECH include bronchial obstruction and formation of tumorlets. DIPNECH preferentially affects middle-aged women. Patients are either asymptomatic or present with long-standing dyspnoea due to obstructive syndrome that can be mistaken for asthma. At CT, mosaic attenuation with multiple small nodules is very suggestive of DIPNECH. The aim of this review is to describe DIPNECH-related CT features and correlate them with histology, in order to help radiologists suggest this diagnosis and distinguish DIPNECH from other causes of mosaic perfusion.
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, Hopital Bretonneau, CHU de Tours, 2 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chassagnon
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, Hopital Bretonneau, CHU de Tours, 2 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Favelle
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hopital Bretonneau, 2 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marchand-Adam
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department, Hopital Trousseau, CHU de Tours, Avenue de la République, 37170 Chambray-lès-Tours, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Muret
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Hotel Dieu, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, APHP, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France. Electronic address: marie-pierre.revel@cch.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Revel
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D055099:Neuroendocrine Cells / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*