title: Validation of the Non-Union Scoring System in 300 long bone non-unions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-union of long bones is a significant consequence of fracture treatment. The ideal classification for non-union of long bones would give sufficient significant information to the orthopaedic surgeon to enable good management of the treatment required and to facilitate the creation of comparable study groups for research purposes. The Non-Union Scoring System (NUSS) is a new scoring system to assist surgeons in the choice of the correct treatment in non-union surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the evidence supporting the use of the NUSS classification in the treatment of non-unions of long bones and to validate the treatment algorithm suggested by this scoring system.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 300 patients with non-union of the long bones were included in the clinical study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A radiographic and clinical healing was reached in 60 of 69 non-unions (86%) in group 1 (0-25 points), in 102 of 117 non-unions (87%) in group 2 (26-50 points), and in 69 of 84 (82%) in group 3 (51-75 points). The mean time to clinical healing was 7.17 ± 1.85 months in group 1, 7.30 ± 1.72 months in group 2 and 7.60 ± 1.49 months in group 3. The mean time to radiographic healing was 8.78 ± 2.04 months in group 1, 9.02 ± 1.84 months in group 2 and 9.53 ± 1.40 months in group 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are few articles in the scientific literature that examine the classification systems for non-union.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A statistical analysis of the first results we have obtained with the use of NUSS showed significant rates of union in all the evaluated groups. This indicates that NUSS could be an appropriate scoring system to classify and stratify non-unions and to enable the surgeon to choose the correct treatment.
authors.affiliation: C.O.R. Reparative Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Orthopaedic Institute Gaetano Pini, University of Milan, Italy. Electronic address: gmc@studiocalori.it.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Calori
authors.affiliation: C.O.R. Reparative Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Orthopaedic Institute Gaetano Pini, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.affiliation: C.O.R. Reparative Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Orthopaedic Institute Gaetano Pini, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Mazza
authors.affiliation: C.O.R. Reparative Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Orthopaedic Institute Gaetano Pini, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mazzola
authors.affiliation: C.O.R. Reparative Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Orthopaedic Institute Gaetano Pini, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Malagoli
authors.affiliation: C.O.R. Reparative Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Orthopaedic Institute Gaetano Pini, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marelli
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Italy; I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, Piazza E. Malan, 20097, San Donato M.se, MI, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corradi
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000145:classification* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017102:Fracture Healing; D005599:Fractures, Ununited / Q000145:classification* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000145:classification* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
keywords: Bone defect; Monotherapy; NUSS; Non-Union Scoring System; Non-union; Polytherapy; Segmental-defect; Weber–Cech