title: Pearls and pitfalls in first-trimester obstetric sonography.
abstract: Ultrasound is the primary imaging modality used in the evaluation of first-trimester vaginal bleeding and pelvic pain. This article will summarize the ultrasound findings in normal first-trimester pregnancy, failed pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, subchorionic hemorrhage, retained products of conception, and gestational trophoblastic disease. Mastery of the spectrum of sonographic findings in the normal and abnormal first-trimester pregnancy allows the radiologist to make accurate diagnoses and helps to appropriately guide patient management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Electronic address: fmazzariol@aol.com.
authors.forename: Fernanda S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Mazzariol
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine.
authors.forename: Sarah K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine.
authors.forename: Zina
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine.
authors.forename: Mordecai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koenigsberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine.
authors.forename: Marjorie W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010922:Placenta Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
keywords: Bleeding; Ectopic; Embryo; Pregnancy; Ultrasound