title: Contrasting and convergent patterns of amygdala connectivity in mania and depression: a resting-state study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  wMania and depression in bipolar disorder (BP) manifest two extremes of aberrant emotional, physiologic and behavioral arousal states despite similarities in treatment response and neurocognitive deficits. We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) to explore the common and unique abnormal functional connectivity underlying acute manic or depressed state in BP.
  
  
  METHODS
  18 Patients with bipolar mania (BM), 10 patients with bipolar depression (BD) and 28 healthy controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Left and right amygdala seed-to-voxel based functional connectivity were assessed and compared among the three groups. The relationships between aberrant functional connectivity and the severity of clinical symptoms, number of episodes, illness duration were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to healthy controls, both BM and BD groups showed reduced functional connectivity between bilateral amygdala and inferior frontal gyrus (orbital), striatum, right lingual gyrus and posterior cerebellar lobe. Furthermore right amygdala-hippocampal connectivity was decreased in BD but increased in BM. No significant correlations were found between strength of abnormal functional connectivity and clinical characteristic in BD or BM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No euthymic subjects were recruited, and the patients in current study were all on medication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of substantial overlap in the pattern of disturbed connectivity between amygdala and frontal, striatal, lingual and cerebellar regions suggests mood state-independent dysconnectivity. The contrasting pattern of functional connectivity between right amygdala and hippocampus in BD and BM provides a novel lead to the probable mechanistic differences in these two extremes of mood states.
authors.affiliation: The Mental Health Center and the Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
authors.forename: Mingli
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The Mental Health Center and the Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
authors.forename: Chaohua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: The Mental Health Center and the Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: The Mental Health Center and the Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: The Mental Health Center and the Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The Mental Health Center and the Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The Mental Health Center and the Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
authors.forename: Wanjun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: The Mental Health Center and the Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
authors.forename: Yinfei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The Mental Health Center and the Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
authors.forename: Lijun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: The Mental Health Center and the Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Huaxi BioBank, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Huaxi MRI Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
authors.forename: Qiyong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3720, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen Ries
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Merikangas
authors.affiliation: Centre for Translational Neuroimaging, Institute of Mental Health, Division of Psychiatry & Applied Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. Electronic address: Lena.Palaniyappan@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Palaniyappan
authors.affiliation: The Mental Health Center and the Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China. Electronic address: litaohx@scu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003863:Depression / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012146:Rest; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Amygdala; Bipolar disorder; Depression; Functional connectivity; Mania