title: Phytochemical analysis and in vitro biological activity of three Hypericum species from the Canary Islands (Hypericum reflexum, Hypericum canariense and Hypericum grandifolium).
abstract: In the present work we carried out a phytochemical and biological investigation on three Hypericum species, i.e. Hypericum reflexum, Hypericum canariense and Hypericum grandifolium, from the Canary Islands where they are traditionally used as diuretic, wound healing, vermifuge, sedative and antidepressive agents. The polar extracts of the top flowering aerial parts, prepared by Soxhlet apparatus using a methanol-acetone (1:1) extracting mixture, were analyzed by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS for the content of eight biomarkers such as hypericin, hyperforin, chlorogenic acid, rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercitrin and quercetin, whereas the hydrodistilled essential oils were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The three Hypericum species had different results in both polar and volatile constituents, H. reflexum being the only one endowed with a small amount of naphtodianthrones (hypericin and pseudohypericin), and containing high levels of chlorogenic acid, rutin and volatile mono- and sesquiterpenes. After chemical characterization, all products were in vitro biologically assayed for antiproliferative activity on human tumor cell lines by MTT assay, for antioxidant potential by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays, and for antimicrobial activity by the agar disc diffusion and microdilution methods. Results revealed interesting bioactivities and differences between polar extracts and essential oils, with the former being endowed with significant antioxidant activity and the latter with comparable inhibition effects on the tumor cells (A375, MDA-MB 231 and HCT 116) to that of cisplatin.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Física y Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zorzetto
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Física y Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Candelaria C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Mateo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Física y Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Rabanal
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lupidi
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
authors.forename: Dezemona
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Petrelli
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Vitali
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bramucci
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
authors.forename: Luana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Quassinti
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Caprioli
authors.affiliation: School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Papa
authors.affiliation: HPLC-MS Laboratory, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ricciutelli
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sagratini
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
authors.forename: Sauro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vittori
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy. Electronic address: filippo.maggi@unicam.it.
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maggi
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020902:Hypericum / Q000737:chemistry*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D009822:Oils, Volatile; D064209:Phytochemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: (E)-caryophyllene (PubChem CID: 5281515); Biological activities; Chlorogenic acid (PubChem CID: 1794427); Essential oils; Hypericin (PubChem CID: 5281051); Hypericum canariense; Hypericum grandifolium; Hypericum reflexum; Polar compounds; Rutin (PubChem CID: 5280805)