title: Study of the bile proteome of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua): Multi-biological markers of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
abstract: PAH metabolites present in bile are well-known biological markers of exposure in fish, and their investigation is recommended by the ICES (International Council for the Exploration of the Sea) and the OSPAR convention (Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic) for monitoring purposes. Development of analytical strategies for fish bile is encouraged by the need for more sensitive and informative markers (e.g., capable of tracking the PAH composition of contamination sources) and strengthened by recent results in both fish genomics and proteomics. Herein, the study of the Atlantic cod bile proteome is presented. Preliminary testing for discovering new sensitive markers in the form of expressed proteins affected by PAH exposure (i.e., PAH-protein adducts) is reported. Protein markers were identified using LC-MS/MS analysis, as single biological indicators. Through multivariate analyses, the overall proteome was revealed to be a sensitive multi-biological marker of exposure to PAHs.
authors.affiliation: IRIS-Environment, International Research Institute of Stavanger, Mekjarvik 12, NO-4070 Randaberg, Norway. Electronic address: dmp@iris.no.
authors.forename: Daniela M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Pampanin
authors.affiliation: IRIS-Environment, International Research Institute of Stavanger, Mekjarvik 12, NO-4070 Randaberg, Norway.
authors.forename: Eivind
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Larssen
authors.affiliation: IRIS-Environment, International Research Institute of Stavanger, Mekjarvik 12, NO-4070 Randaberg, Norway.
authors.forename: Kjell Birger
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Øysæd
authors.affiliation: IRIS-Environment, International Research Institute of Stavanger, Mekjarvik 12, NO-4070 Randaberg, Norway.
authors.forename: Rolf C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Sundt
authors.affiliation: IRIS-Environment, International Research Institute of Stavanger, Mekjarvik 12, NO-4070 Randaberg, Norway; Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Stavanger, NO-4036 Stavanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Magne O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Sydnes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D048389:Gadus morhua / Q000378:metabolism*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000633:toxicity*; D020543:Proteome / Q000187:drug effects*; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D029941:Fish Proteins; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D020543:Proteome
keywords: Biomarkers; Biomonitoring; Fish; Petroleum hydrocarbons; Pollution monitoring; Proteomics