title: Training primary care clinicians in motivational interviewing: a comparison of two models.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate implementing two training models for motivational interviewing (MI) to address tobacco use with primary care clinicians.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinicians were randomized to moderate or high intensity. Both training modalities included a single ½ day workshop facilitated by MI expert trainers. The high intensity (HI) training provided six booster sessions including telephone interactions with simulated patients and peer coaching by MI champions over 3 months. To assess performance of clinicians to deliver MI, an objective structured clinical evaluation (OSCE) was conducted before and 12 weeks after the workshop training.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-four clinicians were enrolled; 18 were randomly assigned to HI. Compared to the moderate intensity group, the HI group scored significantly higher during the OSCE for three of six global Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity scale scores. There was also significant improvement for three of the four measures of MI counseling knowledge, skills and confidence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using champions and telephone interactions with simulated patients as enhancement strategies for MI training programs is feasible in the primary care setting and results in greater gains in MI proficiency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results confirm and expand evidence for use of booster sessions to improve the proficiency of MI training programs for primary care clinicians.
authors.affiliation: Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research and Section of General Internal Medicine, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, USA; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA. Electronic address: Steven.Fu@va.gov.
authors.forename: Steven S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research and Section of General Internal Medicine, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, USA; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.affiliation: Denver Seattle Center for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, USA; Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Denver, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Battaglia
authors.affiliation: Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research and Section of General Internal Medicine, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, USA; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation and Policy, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Farmer
authors.affiliation: Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research and Section of General Internal Medicine, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, USA.
authors.forename: Tam
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Do
authors.affiliation: VHA National Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Durham, USA.
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.affiliation: Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research and Section of General Internal Medicine, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, USA; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Widome
authors.affiliation: Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research and Section of General Internal Medicine, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, USA.
authors.forename: Hildi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hagedorn
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Information and Communication, Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, USA; College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA.
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Zillich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003120:Colorado; D003376:Counseling / Q000193:education; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000379:methods*; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000193:education*; D006787:Hospitals, Veterans; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota; D062405:Motivational Interviewing / Q000379:methods*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology; D013689:Telephone
keywords: Motivational interviewing; Primary care; Provider training; Tobacco cessation