title: Menstrual blood-derived stromal stem cells inhibit optimal generation and maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Menstrual blood stromal stem Cells (MenSCs) have shown promising potential for future clinical settings. Nonetheless, data regarding their interaction with immune cells is still scarce. Here, we investigated whether MenSCs could affect the generation and/or maturation of human blood monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  MenSCs were isolated from menstrual blood of normal women through culture of adherent mononuclear cells. Magnetically-isolated peripheral blood monocytes were differentiated toward immature DCs (iDC) and mature DCs (mDCs) in the presence or absence of MenSCs. Monocyte-derived cells were assessed for the percentage of monocyte-, iDC-, and mDC-specific markers as well as the expression of costimulatory molecules. IL-6 and IL-10 levels were also determined in supernatants of MenSC-monocytes cocultures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Optimal phenotypic differentiation of monocytes into iDCs was inhibited upon coculture with MenSCs. Moreover, higher levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were detected in these settings. Even though addition of MenSCs to iDC cultures could not prevent iDC maturation, coculture of MenSCs with monocytes from the beginning of differentiation process could effectively hinder generation of fully mature DCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to address the inhibitory impact of MenSCs on generation and maturation of DCs. IL-6 and IL-10 could be partly held responsible for this effect. Given the central roles of DCs in regulation of immune responses, these results highlight the importance of further research on the potential modulatory impacts of MenSCs, as rather easily accessible and expandable stem cells, on the immune system-related cells.
authors.affiliation: Immunology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bozorgmehr
authors.affiliation: Immunology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Mohammad
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Moazzeni
authors.affiliation: Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mojdeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salehnia
authors.affiliation: Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran. Electronic address: alisheikhian@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sheikhian
authors.affiliation: Reproductive immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Shohreh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nikoo
authors.affiliation: Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir-Hassan
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Zarnani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology; D008598:Menstruation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; C508609:IL10 protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016753:Interleukin-10
keywords: Dendritic cell; IL-10; IL-6; Menstrual blood stromal stem cell; Monocyte