title: Tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer and beyond.
abstract: Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are ectopic lymphoid formations found in inflamed, infected, or tumoral tissues. They exhibit all the characteristics of structures in the lymph nodes (LN) associated with the generation of an adaptive immune response, including a T cell zone with mature dendritic cells (DC), a germinal center with follicular dendritic cells (FDC) and proliferating B cells, and high endothelial venules (HEV). In this review, we discuss evidence for the roles of TLS in chronic infection, autoimmunity, and cancer, and address the question of whether TLS present beneficial or deleterious effects in these contexts. We examine the relationship between TLS in tumors and patient prognosis, and discuss the potential role of TLS in building and/or maintaining local immune responses and how this understanding may guide therapeutic interventions.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory 'Cancer, Immune Control and Escape', INSERM U1138, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris, France; University Pierre and Marie Curie, UMRS 1138, Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, UMRS 1138, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Caroline
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Dieu-Nosjean
authors.affiliation: Laboratory 'Cancer, Immune Control and Escape', INSERM U1138, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris, France; University Pierre and Marie Curie, UMRS 1138, Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, UMRS 1138, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jérémy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goc
authors.affiliation: Laboratory 'Cancer, Immune Control and Escape', INSERM U1138, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris, France; University Pierre and Marie Curie, UMRS 1138, Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, UMRS 1138, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Giraldo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory 'Cancer, Immune Control and Escape', INSERM U1138, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris, France; University Pierre and Marie Curie, UMRS 1138, Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, UMRS 1138, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sautès-Fridman
authors.affiliation: Laboratory 'Cancer, Immune Control and Escape', INSERM U1138, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris, France; University Pierre and Marie Curie, UMRS 1138, Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, UMRS 1138, Paris, France. Electronic address: herve.fridman@crc.jussieu.fr.
authors.forename: Wolf Herman
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Fridman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007239:Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: cancer; immunotherapy; prognostic biomarker; tertiary lymphoid structure