title: Response of host inflammasomes to viral infection.
abstract: Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that induce downstream immune responses to specific pathogens, environmental stimuli, and host cell damage. Components of specific viruses activate different inflammasomes; for example, the influenza A virus M2 protein and encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) 2B protein activate the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain (PYD)-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, whereas viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) activates the retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) inflammasome. Once activated in response to viral infection, inflammasomes induce the activation of caspases and the release of mature forms of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. Here we review the association between viral infection and inflammasome activation. Identifying the mechanisms underlying virus-induced inflammasome activation is important if we are to develop novel therapeutic strategies to target viruses.
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Infection, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
authors.forename: I-Yin
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Infection, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan. Electronic address: ichinohe@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichinohe
mesh_terms: D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000071457:DEAD Box Protein 58; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D058847:Inflammasomes / Q000276:immunology*; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; D000071198:Pyrin; D012328:RNA Viruses / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C410167:AIM2 protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D058847:Inflammasomes; C000604192:MEFV protein, human; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; C453881:NLRP3 protein, human; C527006:NLRX1 protein, human; D000071198:Pyrin; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D014764:Viral Proteins; C452820:RIGI protein, human; D000071457:DEAD Box Protein 58; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases
keywords: IL-1β; NLRP3; caspase; inflammasome; pattern recognition receptors; viroporin