title: Impact of abdominal and epicardial fat on the association between plasma adipocytokine levels and coronary atherosclerosis in non-obese patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ectopic fat accumulation is associated with coronary artery disease. Visceral adipose tissue has paracrine and systemic effects and is a source of adipocytokines. It has been implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis; however, nothing is known about whether increases in epicardial fat have the same effect on coronary atherosclerosis as increases in abdominal visceral fat.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 216 consecutive patients suspected to have coronary artery disease. Individuals with acute coronary syndrome and inadequate computed tomography (CT) imaging were excluded. We enrolled 164 patients (65 ± 10 years old; 70% men; body mass index [BMI], 23.8 ± 3.6 kg/m(2)). The plasma concentrations of adiponectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor were measured. The characteristics of coronary plaque, abdominal visceral fat area, and epicardial fat volume (EFV) were determined by 64-slice CT imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EFV was greater in subjects with noncalcified plaque than in those with no plaque or with calcified plaque (126 ± 39 mL vs. 98 ± 34 mL and 97 ± 45 mL, respectively; P = 0.010). EFV was significantly correlated with BMI, triglycerides, and the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (r = 0.51, 0.19, and 0.20, respectively) but not with plasma levels of adipocytokines. The plasma adiponectin and IL-6 concentration was significantly correlated with abdominal visceral fat area in coronary plaque patients (r = -0.49 and 0.20).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In non-obese Japanese patients, epicardial fat may have unique mechanisms affecting the development of coronary atherosclerosis, which is different from abdominal visceral fat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Chubu Rosai Hospital, 10-6 1-Chome Komei, Minato-ku, Nagoya 455-8530, Japan. Electronic address: haraken@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Aichi Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Amano
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Chubu Rosai Hospital, 10-6 1-Chome Komei, Minato-ku, Nagoya 455-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Chubu Rosai Hospital, 10-6 1-Chome Komei, Minato-ku, Nagoya 455-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeshita
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Chubu Rosai Hospital, 10-6 1-Chome Komei, Minato-ku, Nagoya 455-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Chubu Rosai Hospital, 10-6 1-Chome Komei, Minato-ku, Nagoya 455-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kunimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Chubu Rosai Hospital, 10-6 1-Chome Komei, Minato-ku, Nagoya 455-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Chubu Rosai Hospital, 10-6 1-Chome Komei, Minato-ku, Nagoya 455-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shinoda
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Chubu Rosai Hospital, 10-6 1-Chome Komei, Minato-ku, Nagoya 455-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Bunichi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Chubu Rosai Hospital, 10-6 1-Chome Komei, Minato-ku, Nagoya 455-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uetani
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Chubu Rosai Hospital, 10-6 1-Chome Komei, Minato-ku, Nagoya 455-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Chubu Rosai Hospital, 10-6 1-Chome Komei, Minato-ku, Nagoya 455-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marui
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi-Gakuin School of Dentistry, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan.
authors.forename: Toyoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murohara
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000473:pathology*; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity; D010496:Pericardium / Q000473:pathology*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human; D014280:Triglycerides; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
keywords: 64-Slice computed tomography; Abdominal visceral fat area; Coronary atherosclerotic plaque; Epicardial fat volume; Non-obese; Plasma adipocytokine level