title: In vitro mucus transportability, cytogenotoxicity, and hematological changes as non-destructive physiological biomarkers in fish chronically exposed to metals.
abstract: The biomonitoring of fish using biomarkers represents a useful tool for the assessment of aquatic pollution. This study evaluated the sublethal toxic effects of aquatic pollution on fish collected from a site contaminated by metals. Water and fish (Oreochromis niloticus) samples were collected from a pond in the Parque Ecológico do Tietê (PET) that lies along the Tietê River (São Paulo, Brazil), and from a control site (an experimental fish farm). The metal content of the water was evaluated, and fish were used to examine the properties of gill mucus and blood. The PET fish were evaluated for alterations in the in vitro transportability of mucus and changes in blood properties (e.g., cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, red blood cells, and white blood cell count). The results of the water analyzes indicated metal levels above the legal standards for Fe (0.71 mg/L), Ni (0.06 mg/L), Mn (0.11 mg/L), and Pb (0.48 mg/L). Compared to the controls, the hematologic parameter analyzes of PET fish revealed significantly higher numbers of erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC), lymphocytes, erythroblasts, and Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV); however, the hemoglobin content and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) values were significantly lower. The frequencies of nuclear abnormalities and micronuclei were significantly higher and the mucociliary transport was significantly lower in PET fish than in the controls. These results suggest that fish from the contaminated site exhibit a series of physiological responses, which probably indicate health disturbances. Furthermore, the results suggest that blood and mucus are promising, non-destructive targets for use in the monitoring of pollution.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Investigação Médica - LIM 05-Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil; Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisa em Ecotoxicologia Aquática - Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP - Campus do Litoral Paulista, São Vicente, SP, Brasil; Pós Graduação em Educação Ambiental da Universidade de Guarulhos UnG - Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brasil. Electronic address: robsonseriani@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Robson
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seriani
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisa em Ecotoxicologia Aquática - Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP - Campus do Litoral Paulista, São Vicente, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Denis M S
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Abessa
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisa em Ecotoxicologia Aquática - Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP - Campus do Litoral Paulista, São Vicente, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Lucas B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: Pós Graduação em Educação Ambiental da Universidade de Guarulhos UnG - Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Joana P G
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cabrera
authors.affiliation: Graduação em Ciênicas Biológicas da Universidade Paulista - UNIP, Campus Vergueiro/Paraíso, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Juliana Q
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Sanches
authors.affiliation: Graduação em Ciênicas Biológicas da Universidade Paulista - UNIP, Campus Vergueiro/Paraíso, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Carolina L S
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Graduação em Ciênicas Biológicas da Universidade Paulista - UNIP, Campus Vergueiro/Paraíso, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Francisca A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Amorim
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Investigação Médica - LIM 05-Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Dolores H R F
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Rivero
authors.affiliation: Pós Graduação em Nanociências e Materiais Avançados, Universidade Federal do ABC-UFABC-Santo André, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Flavia L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Centro de Recepção de Animais Silvestre "Orlando Villas Boas", São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Lilian S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Fitorra
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Investigação Médica - LIM 05-Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Regiani
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carvalho-Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Investigação Médica - LIM 05-Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Mariangela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Macchione
authors.affiliation: Centro de Aquicultura - Instituto de Pesca, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Maria J T
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ranzani-Paiva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D001938:Brazil; D023681:Cichlids / Q000378:metabolism*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006403:Hematologic Tests; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D009093:Mucus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D061005:Ponds / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008670:Metals; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Biomarkers; Chronic contamination; Cyto-genotoxicity; Hematology; Metals; Mucus