title: A newly developed mouse monoclonal SOX10 antibody is a highly sensitive and specific marker for malignant melanoma, including spindle cell and desmoplastic melanomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated Sry-related HMG-Box gene 10 (SOX10) expression in malignant melanomas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, a subset of breast carcinomas, and gliomas. SOX10 has shown important clinical utility in its ability to detect desmoplastic and spindle cell melanomas. To date, most publications have employed a research use-only goat polyclonal SOX10 antibody for immunohistochemical staining.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the development of a new mouse monoclonal SOX10 antibody (BC34) and evaluate its immunohistochemical staining profile in a wide range of normal and neoplastic tissues, with an emphasis on melanoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  SOX10 antibody was optimized for staining using a polymer detection system and visualization with diaminobenzidine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In normal tissues, SOX10 was expressed in skin melanocytes and eccrine cells, breast myoepithelial and lobular epithelial cells, salivary gland myoepithelial cells, peripheral nerve Schwann cells, and central nervous system glial cells. SOX10 was expressed in 238 of 257 melanomas (92.6%), including 50 of 51 of both spindle cell and desmoplastic melanomas (98%). SOX10 was expressed in 100% of nevi (20 of 20) and schwannomas (28 of 28). In other neoplasms, SOX10 was expressed in 18 of 109 invasive ductal breast carcinomas (16.5%). All other carcinomas were negative for SOX10. SOX10 was identified in 25 of 52 central nervous system neoplasms, primarily in astrocytomas (22 of 41; 53.7%), and in 4 of 99 various sarcomas examined (4.0%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The newly developed mouse monoclonal SOX10 antibody BC34 is highly sensitive and specific for malignant melanoma, including desmoplastic and spindle cell variants, and appears highly suitable for clinical use.
authors.affiliation: From the Chief Medical Office (Dr Tacha), and the Departments of Research and Development, Biocare Medical, LLC, Concord, California (Drs Qi, Bremer, Yu, and Hoang, and Mr Chu); and the San Diego Pathologists Medical Group, San Diego, California (Drs Ra and Robbins).
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tacha
authors.forename: Weimin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Seong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ra
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bremer
authors.forename: Charlie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hoang
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Robbins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D000918:Antibody Specificity / Q000276:immunology; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000378:metabolism; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008545:Melanoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009442:Neurilemmoma / Q000378:metabolism; D009506:Nevus / Q000378:metabolism; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055757:SOXE Transcription Factors / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C527923:SOX10 protein, human; D055757:SOXE Transcription Factors