title: Serum fructosamine and risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: a 24-year prospective population-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The association between fructosamine and cardiovascular complications is not well established. We sought to evaluate whether serum fructosamine may be a risk factor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in nondiabetic subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fructosamine and other cardiovascular risk factors were measured in a sample of 1909 nondiabetic middle-aged men without a known history of coronary heart disease (CHD) at baseline. Associations between baseline fructosamine levels and fatal CHD and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, and all-cause mortality were estimated using a Cox regression analysis, progressively adjusted for potential confounders. Mean baseline age was 52 years and 30% were smokers. During a median follow-up of 24 years (interquartile range: 18-26 years), 177 (9%) fatal CHD, 289 (15%) fatal CVD, and 728 (38%) all-cause mortality events occurred. In analyses adjusted for several conventional risk factors (i.e., age, systolic blood pressure, smoking, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol), the hazard ratios (HRs) comparing top vs bottom quartile of serum fructosamine levels resulted: 1.33 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.82; p = 0.078) for CHD death and 0.93 (0.72, 1.19; p = 0.567) for CVD death, and 1.04 (0.89, 1.22; p = 0.617) for all-cause mortality. In similar comparisons, further adjustments for body mass index, alcohol consumption, C-reactive protein, and fasting plasma glucose did not materially change these estimates. The exclusion of participants with prevalent CVD at baseline yielded similar results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our cohort of nondiabetic men without known CHD, baseline fructosamine levels were not independently associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Further studies are warranted to confirm these results in other populations.
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine and Diabetes Care Unit, Catholic University, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: frazac@fastwebnet.it.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zaccardi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health, School of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kurl
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine and Diabetes Care Unit, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pitocco
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health, School of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ronkainen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health, School of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Lapland Central Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Rovaniemi, Finland.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Laukkanen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019270:Fructosamine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D019270:Fructosamine; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: All-cause mortality; Cardiovascular mortality; Fructosamine; Prospective study; Risk factor