title: The utility of lymph node mapping sonogram and thyroglobulin surveillance in post thyroidectomy papillary thyroid cancer patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The American Thyroid Association recommends lymph node mapping (LNM) ultrasonography 6-12 months after thyroidectomy for patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). The yield of LNM over thyroglobulin (TG) screening is not well defined. We sought to investigate this relationship.
  
  
  METHODS
  Post thyroidectomy LNM was performed on 163 patients with PTC. LNM was considered positive based on these criteria: Loss of fatty hilum (LOFH), microcalcifications, hypervascularity, architectural distortion, or short axis (>8 mm). Serum TG levels were compared to LNM and fine needle aspiration (FNA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-nine patients had suspicious LNM (42%) and 17 had PTC on FNA (25%). There were 135 suspicious lymph nodes described with malignant nodes found in 6 of 65 patients (9%) with LOFH, 13 of 18 patients (76%) with microcalcifications, 11 of 12 patients (92%) with hypervascularity, 16 of 28 patients (52%) with architectural distortion, and 4 of 7 patients (52%) with enlarged size on FNA. The positive predictive value of LNM was 0.34, increasing to 0.66 when LOFH was excluded. Among 152 patients with documented TG data, LNM identified cervical nodal metastasis in 4 patients with TG < 0.5 pg/mL (anti-TG antibody negative, thyroid-stimulating hormone suppressed). Of the 15 patients with positive anti-TG antibody, 3 with recurrence were found on LNM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LNM can detect recurrent PTC when TG level is undetectable, and LOFH is a low-yield sonographic characteristic.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgery and Radiology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ.
authors.forename: Chowdhury F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Miah
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgery and Radiology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ. Electronic address: jessica.zaman@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jessica A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Zaman
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgery and Radiology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ.
authors.forename: Mitchell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgery and Radiology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ.
authors.forename: Tomer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Davidov
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgery and Radiology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ.
authors.forename: Stanley Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Trooskin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D015996:Survival Rate; D013954:Thyroglobulin / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D000077273:Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D013965:Thyroidectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D013954:Thyroglobulin