title: Crotonis Fructus and Its Constituent, Croton Oil, Stimulate Lipolysis in OP9 Adipocytes.
abstract: Introduction. Crotonis fructus (CF) is the mature fruit of Croton tiglium L. and has been used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disturbance in Asia. It is well known that the main component of CF is croton oil (CO). The present study is to investigate the effects of CF extracts (CFE) and CO on lipolysis in OP9 adipocytes. Methods. Glycerol release to the culture supernatants was used as a marker of adipocyte lipolysis. Results. Treatment with various concentrations of CFE and CO stimulates glycerol release in a dose-dependent manner. The increase in glycerol release by CFE is more potent than isoproterenol, which is a β-adrenergic agonist as a positive control in our system. The increased lipolysis by CFE and CO was accompanied by an increase of phosphorylated hormone sensitive lipase (pHSL) but not nonphosphorylated HSL protein and mRNA. Pretreatment with H89, which is a protein kinase A inhibitor, significantly abolished the CFE- and CO-induced glycerol release in OP9 adipocytes. These results suggest that CFE and CO may be a candidate for the development of a lipolysis-stimulating agent in adipocytes.
authors.affiliation: Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, No. 460 Iksan-Daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Seong
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, No. 460 Iksan-Daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea ; BK21 Plus Program and Department of Smart Life-Care Convergence, Graduate School, Wonkwang University, No. 460 Iksan-Daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ha-Rim
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, No. 460 Iksan-Daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea ; BK21 Plus Program and Department of Smart Life-Care Convergence, Graduate School, Wonkwang University, No. 460 Iksan-Daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hong-Seob
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: So
authors.affiliation: Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, No. 460 Iksan-Daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea ; Department of Oral Biochemistry, Wonkwang University School of Dentistry, No. 460 Iksan-Daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Rae
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Institute of Customized Physical Therapy, No. 217 Wallgye-ro, Gwangju Metropolitan City 506-303, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyoung-Chul
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Korean Physiology, Wonkwang University School of Korean Medicine, No. 460 Iksan-Daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Do-Gon
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, No. 460 Iksan-Daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sei-Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Herbology, Wonkwang University School of Korean Medicine, No. 460 Iksan-Daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Guem-San
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Industry & Welfare, Wonkwang University School of Natural Science, No. 460 Iksan-Daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Je-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, No. 460 Iksan-Daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea ; BK21 Plus Program and Department of Smart Life-Care Convergence, Graduate School, Wonkwang University, No. 460 Iksan-Daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea ; Department of Korean Physiology, Wonkwang University School of Korean Medicine, No. 460 Iksan-Daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kang-Beom
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Kwon