title: Cerebrovascular reactivity assessed by transcranial Doppler ultrasound in sport-related concussion: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Traumatic brain injury influences regulation of cerebral blood flow in animal models and in human studies. We reviewed the use of transcranial Doppler ultrasound (US) to monitor cerebrovascular reactivity following sport-related concussion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A narrative and systematic review of articles published in the English language, from December 1982 to October 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles were retrieved via numerous databases using relevant key terms. Observational, cohort, correlational, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three publications met the criteria for inclusion; these provided data from 42 athletes and 33 controls. All three studies reported reductions in cerebrovascular reactivity via transcranial Doppler US.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These initial results support the use of cerebrovascular reactivity as a research tool for identifying altered neurophysiology and monitoring recovery in adult athletes. Larger cross-sectional, prospective and longitudinal studies are required to understand the sensitivity and prognostic value of cerebrovascular reactivity in sport-related concussion.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Can Ozan
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Social Development, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada University of British Columbia-Okanagan Campus, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Philip N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Ainslie
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Social Development, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia-Okanagan Campus, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Donkelaar
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health, Centre for Translation Neuroscience and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stanwell
authors.affiliation: Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Levi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, MassGeneral Hospital for Children Sports Concussion Program, & Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Home Base Program, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Grant L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Iverson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Concussion