title: Effects of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. supplementation on serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases in females with knee osteoarthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In an attempt to investigate new strategies aimed at reducing inflammation in osteoarthritis, the anti-inflammatory effect of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. as a complementary treatment was evaluated in females with knee osteoarthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this clinical trial, 90 females with mild to moderate osteoarthritis were assigned to two intervention and one placebo groups. In addition to the conventional therapy, the patients in intervention groups received 15g/day of E. angustifolia L. medulla and whole fruit powders respectively for 8 weeks. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukine-1β (IL-1β), interleukine-10 (IL-10), matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and -13 (MMP-13) were measured with human ELISA kits. Paired t-test and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The statistically significant decrease was observed in the mean levels of serum TNF-α in the medulla (0.004) and whole fruit (0.001) groups after 8 weeks of supplementation. In contrast to the placebo group, there was a significant rise in the mean levels of serum IL-10 in medulla (p-value=0.01) and whole fruit groups (p-value=0.009) at the end of study. The interventions resulted in significant decrease in the mean levels of serum MMP-1 in the medulla (0.001) and whole fruit (0.002) groups. After the interventions, no significant changes were observed in the serum IL-1β and MMP-13 levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Daily supplementation with E. angustifolia L. in both forms of medulla and whole fruit powders appeared to be effective for decreasing inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and MMP-1) and enhancing anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10).
authors.affiliation: Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors.forename: Zeinab
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nikniaz
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Electronic address: ostadrahimi@tbzmed.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ostadrahimi
authors.affiliation: Drug Applied Research Centre (DARC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mahdavi
authors.affiliation: Connective Tissue Diseases Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza Hospital, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali Asghar
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ebrahimi
authors.affiliation: Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz-Iran.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nikniaz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D031263:Elaeagnaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases
keywords: Cytokines; E. angistifolia L.; Inflammation; Osteoarthritis