title: Development of a DNA vaccine for chicken infectious anemia and its immunogenicity studies using high mobility group box 1 protein as a novel immunoadjuvant indicated induction of promising protective immune responses.
abstract: Chicken infectious anaemia (CIA) is an economically important and emerging poultry disease reported worldwide. Current CIA vaccines have limitations like, the inability of the virus to grow to high titres in embryos/cell cultures, possession of residual pathogenicity and a risk of reversion to virulence. In the present study, a DNA vaccine, encoding chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV) VP1 and VP2 genes, was developed and co-administered with truncated chicken high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1ΔC) protein in young chicks for the evaluation of vaccine immune response. CIAV VP1 and VP2 genes were cloned in pTARGET while HMGB1ΔC in PET32b vector. In vitro expression of these gene constructs was evaluated by Western blotting. Further, recombinant HMGB1ΔC was evaluated for its biological activity. The CIAV DNA vaccine administration in specific pathogen free chicks resulted in moderately protective ELISA antibody titres in the range of 4322.87 ± 359.72 to 8288.19 ± 136.38, increased CD8(+) cells, and a higher titre was observed by co-administration of novel adjuvant (HMGB1ΔC) and booster immunizations. The use of vaccine with adjuvant showed achieving antibody titres nearly 8500, titre considered as highly protective, which indicates that co-immunization of HMGB1ΔC may have a strong adjuvant activity on CIAV DNA vaccine induced immune responses. The able potential of HMGB1 protein holding strong adjuvant activity could be exploited further with trials with vaccines for other important pathogens for achieving the required protective immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Immunology Section, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India. Electronic address: pradeep.immuno@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Pradeep Mahadev
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Sawant
authors.affiliation: Avian Diseases Section Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
authors.forename: Kuldeep
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dhama
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
authors.forename: Deepak Bhiva
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Rawool
authors.affiliation: Immunology Section, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
authors.forename: Mohd Yaqoob
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Wani
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, 281001, India.
authors.forename: Ruchi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.affiliation: Avian Diseases Section Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
authors.forename: Shambhu Dayal
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
authors.forename: Raj Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D017727:Chicken anemia virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D002645:Chickens; D018173:Circoviridae Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; C442548:VP1 protein, Chicken anemia virus; C442521:VP2 protein, Chicken anemia virus; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014765:Viral Vaccines
keywords: Adjuvant; Chicken infectious anaemia (CIA); DNA vaccine; HMGB1; Immunogenicity