title: Effect of listening to music and essential oil inhalation on patients undergoing screening CT colonography: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively evaluate the effect of listening to music and inhaling aroma oil on patients undergoing screening computed tomography colonography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and twenty four participants were randomly allocated to one of the four groups including: (1) combined music and aroma, (2) music alone, (3) aroma alone, and (4)control. The visual analog scale for pain and a questionnaire were used for subjective outcomes. We also used a pre-test–post-test design to compare the differences in blood pressure and heart rate as objective outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no statistical differences between the control group and other groups in the visual analog scale or changes in heart rate. Changes in blood pressure were similar. Participants reported good overall experiences. There were no differences in terms of overall satisfaction, pain rating, willingness to repeat the computed tomography colonography procedure in the future, or preference between colonoscopy and computed tomography colonography. More participants using music and/or aroma requested music and/or aroma during the next computed tomography colonography (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although audio and olfactory intervention had little effect on perceived pain or discomfort and vital signs, participants who listened to music and inhaled aroma during the computed tomography colonography preferred music and aroma during the next computed tomography colonography.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kameda Medical Center, 929 Higashi-cho, Kamogawa, Chiba 296-8602, Japan(1); Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan(2); Cancer Screening Technology Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan(3). Electronic address: Nagata7@aol.com.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kameda Medical Center Makuhari, 1-3, Nakase, Mihama-ku, Chiba 261-8501, Japan(4). Electronic address: n.iida-xray@kameda.jp.
authors.forename: Nao
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan(2). Electronic address: r0713hk@jichi.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kameda Medical Center Makuhari, 1-3, Nakase, Mihama-ku, Chiba 261-8501, Japan(4). Electronic address: m_fujiwara@kameda.jp.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kameda Medical Center Makuhari, 1-3, Nakase, Mihama-ku, Chiba 261-8501, Japan(4). Electronic address: mogi-xray@kameda.jp.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mogi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Kameda Medical Center Makuhari, 1-3, Nakase, Mihama-ku, Chiba 261-8501, Japan(4). Electronic address: mitsushima@kameda.jp.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mitsushima
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan(2). Electronic address: alefor@jichi.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Alan T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Lefor
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan(2). Electronic address: sugimoto@jichi.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hideharu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019341:Aromatherapy; D001794:Blood Pressure; D023881:Colonography, Computed Tomographic; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009147:Music Therapy; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D009822:Oils, Volatile