title: Prognostic value of metabolic syndrome for the development of cardiovascular disease in a cohort of premenopausal women with systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. In lupus patients there is an increased cardiovascular risk due to an accelerated atherogenesis. Furthermore, Metabolic Syndrome (MS) adds an independent risk for developing Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) in the population. Therefore, it is important to determine whether lupus patients have an increased risk of developing Cardiovascular Disease in the presence of MS. To estimate the prognostic value of MS in the incidence of cardiovascular events in a cohort of premenopausal patients with SLE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study in 238 patients was carried out. Clinical, biochemical, dietetic and anthropometric evaluations were performed. Patients were classified according to the prevalence of MS in 2001. There was a patient follow-up from 2001 to 2008. In 2008, after studying the records, we obtained the "cases" (patients with CVD) and the "no cases" (patients without CVD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The basal prevalence of MS in the cohort was of 21.8% (ATPIII). The MS component with the highest prevalence in the population studied in 2001 was low HDL-Cholesterol (<50mg/dL) with a prevalence of 55.0%. The cumulative incidence of CVD in the group with MS was 17.3% and in the group without MS it was 7.0% with a Relative Risk (RR) of 2.48 (1.12-5.46) and p<0.05. In the multivariable analysis it was noted that MS is a predictive factor of CVD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed the prognostic value of MS for an increased risk of cardiovascular damage in premenopausal patients with lupus.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: Elsy Aidé
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: García-Villegas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: Israel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lerman-Garber
authors.affiliation: Clínica de Vasculitis, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: Luis Felipe
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Flores-Suárez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aguilar-Salinas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Cardiopatías Congénitas, Hospital de Cardiología Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, México, D.F., México. Electronic address: horacioinvestigacion@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Horacio
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Márquez González
authors.affiliation: Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: Antonio Rafael
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Villa-Romero
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications*; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017697:Premenopause; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Enfermedad cardiovascular; Insulin resistance; Lupus eritematoso sistémico; Metabolic Syndrome; Resistencia a la insulina; Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; Síndrome metabólico