title: Handheld reflectance confocal microscopy for the diagnosis of conjunctival tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether the handheld in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy that has been recently developed for the study of skin tumors is suitable for the diagnosis of conjunctival tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study, observational case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively evaluated the reflectance confocal microscopy features of 53 conjunctival lesions clinically suspicious for tumors of 46 patients referred to the University Hospital of Saint-Etienne (France) by using the handheld device. Twenty-three lesions were excised (3 nevi, 10 melanomas, 5 squamous cell carcinoma, 2 lymphomas, and 3 pinguecula/pterygium) while the other 30, presenting no reflectance confocal microscopy malignant features, were under follow-up for at least 1 year. Clinical reflectance confocal microscopy and histologic diagnosis were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy diagnosis was in agreement with the histologic diagnosis in all cases and none of the lesions that were not excised show any clinical progression under follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy with a handheld dermatology-dedicated microscope can play a role in the noninvasive diagnosis of conjunctival lesions. Further studies should be performed to better define the diagnostic ability of this technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France. Electronic address: elisacinotti@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cinotti
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Perrot
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Labeille
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France; Biology, Engineering and Imaging of Corneal Graft Laboratory, EA2521, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Nelly
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Campolmi
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France; Biology, Engineering and Imaging of Corneal Graft Laboratory, EA2521, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Marine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Espinasse
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France; Biology, Engineering and Imaging of Corneal Graft Laboratory, EA2521, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grivet
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France; Biology, Engineering and Imaging of Corneal Graft Laboratory, EA2521, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thuret
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France; Biology, Engineering and Imaging of Corneal Graft Laboratory, EA2521, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gain
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Douchet
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andrea
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Maher
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haouas
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cambazard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis; D003230:Conjunctival Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000175:diagnosis; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000295:instrumentation; D008875:Middle Aged; D009506:Nevus / Q000175:diagnosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult