title: Antimicrobial profiles of bacterial clinical isolates from the Gabonese National Laboratory of Public Health: data from routine activity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study is one of the first to provide a picture of antimicrobial resistance for a range of bacteria and antimicrobial classes in Gabon, Central Africa.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the year 2010, 146 urine cytology, 143 blood cultures, 107 vaginal swabs, 23 urethral swabs, and 18 other culture examinations were positives. All isolates were tested for antibiotic sensitivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four hundred thirty-seven microorganisms were isolated: 210 enterobacteria, 166 staphylococci, 38 streptococci, 14 Acinetobacter, and nine Stenotrophomonas. Of the Klebsiella isolates, 18% and 30% were found to be resistant to selected third-generation cephalosporins (3CG) and fourth-generation cephalosporins (4CG), respectively. Sixty-seven percent of Escherichia coli isolates were resistant to amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. Between 3% and 30% of E. coli isolates were resistant to selected 3CG. All Enterobacter cloacae isolates were sensitive to imipenem. Resistance to quinolones/fluoroquinolones was seen in 21-50% of E. coli isolates. Twenty-six percent of E. cloacae showed resistance to ceftazidime and 37% to cefotaxime. The resistance rate to quinolones ranged between 58% and 78%. Thirty-two percent of Staphylococcus isolates were resistant to gentamicin. Low resistance rates to teicoplanin (2-4%) were observed. Thirty-seven percent of isolated Staphylococcus aureus and 61% of isolated Staphylococcus saprophyticus were resistant to both penicillin G and oxacillin. Streptococcus isolates had low resistance rates to erythromycin, ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin (5%, 7%, and 14%, respectively) and were highly resistant to tetracycline, gentamicin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (92%, 91%, and 62%, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The antimicrobial resistance profiles seen here are of concern. To control the spread of drug-resistant bacteria, clinicians should be cognizant of their local antimicrobial resistance patterns.
authors.affiliation: Unité des Recherche et de Diagnostic Spécialisé, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Avenue felix Eboué, Libreville, BP 10736, Gabon.
authors.forename: Léonard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kouegnigan Rerambiah
authors.affiliation: Unité des Recherche et de Diagnostic Spécialisé, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Avenue felix Eboué, Libreville, BP 10736, Gabon; Service de Bactériologie, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Libreville, Gabon.
authors.forename: Jean-Charles
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ndong
authors.affiliation: Unité des Recherche et de Diagnostic Spécialisé, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Avenue felix Eboué, Libreville, BP 10736, Gabon.
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mbakob Mengue Massoua
authors.affiliation: Service de Bactériologie, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Libreville, Gabon.
authors.forename: Severin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Medzegue
authors.affiliation: Service de Bactériologie, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Libreville, Gabon.
authors.forename: Médard
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elisee-Ndam
authors.affiliation: Unité des Recherche et de Diagnostic Spécialisé, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Avenue felix Eboué, Libreville, BP 10736, Gabon.
authors.forename: Armel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mintsa-Ndong
authors.affiliation: Unité des Recherche et de Diagnostic Spécialisé, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Avenue felix Eboué, Libreville, BP 10736, Gabon. Electronic address: joelfleury@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Joel Fleury
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Djoba Siawaya
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D005681:Gabon; D006801:Humans; D007753:Laboratories; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000187:drug effects; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Antimicrobial; Bacteria; Clinical isolates; Resistance