title: Identification and quantification of glucosinolate and flavonol compounds in rocket salad (Eruca sativa, Eruca vesicaria and Diplotaxis tenuifolia) by LC-MS: highlighting the potential for improving nutritional value of rocket crops.
abstract: Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to obtain glucosinolate and flavonol content for 35 rocket accessions and commercial varieties. 13 glucosinolates and 11 flavonol compounds were identified. Semi-quantitative methods were used to estimate concentrations of both groups of compounds. Minor glucosinolate composition was found to be different between accessions; concentrations varied significantly. Flavonols showed differentiation between genera, with Diplotaxis accumulating quercetin glucosides and Eruca accumulating kaempferol glucosides. Several compounds were detected in each genus that have only previously been reported in the other. We highlight how knowledge of phytochemical content and concentration can be used to breed new, nutritionally superior varieties. We also demonstrate the effects of controlled environment conditions on the accumulations of glucosinolates and flavonols and explore the reasons for differences with previous studies. We stress the importance of consistent experimental design between research groups to effectively compare and contrast results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, UK. Electronic address: luke.bell@pgr.reading.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.affiliation: Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, UK.
authors.forename: Maria Jose
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Oruna-Concha
authors.affiliation: Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, UK; Centre for Food Security, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AH, UK.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wagstaff
mesh_terms: D019607:Brassicaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D044948:Flavonols / Q000737:chemistry*; D005961:Glucosinolates / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D009753:Nutritive Value; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D044948:Flavonols; D005961:Glucosinolates
keywords: 4-Hydroxyglucobrassicin (PubChem CID: 49859657); Astragalin (PubChem CID: 5282102); Brassicaceae; Controlled environment; Gene bank; Glucoalyssin (PubChem CID: 9589398); Glucoerucin (PubChem CID: 656539); Glucoibarin (PubChem CID: 44237203); Glucoiberverin (PubChem CID: 9548637); Glucolepiidin (PubChem CID: 656547); Glucoraphanin (PubChem CID: 9548633); Glucoraphenin (PubChem CID: 9548613); Isoquercetrin (PubChem CID: 5280804); Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry; Phytochemicals; Plant breeding