title: The CCC2000 Birth Cohort Study of Register-Based Family History of Mental Disorders and Psychotic Experiences in Offspring.
abstract: Psychotic experiences (PE) in individuals of the general population are hypothesized to mark the early expression of the pathology underlying psychosis. This notion of PE as an intermediate phenotype is based on the premise that PE share genetic liability with psychosis. We examined whether PE in childhood was predicted by a family history of mental disorder with psychosis rather than a family history of nonpsychotic mental disorder and whether this association differed by severity of PE. The study examined data on 1632 children from a general population birth cohort assessed at age 11-12 years by use of a semistructured interview covering 22 psychotic symptoms. The Danish national registers were linked to describe the complete family history of hospital-based psychiatric diagnoses. Uni- and multivariable logistic regressions were used to test whether a family history of any mental disorder with psychosis, or of nonpsychotic mental disorder, vs no diagnoses was associated with increased risk of PE in offspring (hierarchical exposure variable). The occurrence of PE in offspring was significantly associated with a history of psychosis among the first-degree relatives (adjusted relative risk [RR] = 3.29, 95% CI: 1.82-5.93). The risk increased for combined hallucinations and delusions (adjusted RR = 5.90, 95% CI: 2.64-13.16). A history of nonpsychotic mental disorders in first-degree relatives did not contribute to the risk of PE in offspring nor did any mental disorder among second-degree relatives. Our findings support the notion of PE as a vulnerability marker of transdiagnostic psychosis. The effect of psychosis in first-degree relatives may operate through shared genetic and environmental factors.
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, The Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pia.jeppesen@regionh.dk.
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jeppesen
authors.affiliation: The National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark;
authors.forename: Janne Tidselbak
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, The Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Clemmensen
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, The Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Munkholm
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, The Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
authors.forename: Martin Kristian
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Rimvall
authors.affiliation: Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Centre Risskov, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark;
authors.forename: Charlotte Ulrikka
authors.initials: CU
authors.lastname: Rask
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands;
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Os
authors.affiliation: The National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark;
authors.forename: Liselotte
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, The Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anne Mette
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Skovgaard
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003702:Delusions / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010375:Pedigree; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D012042:Registries; D012306:Risk; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics
keywords: epidemiology; family liability; general population; psychiatric family history; psychosis; schizophrenia