title: Measles-mumps-rubella vaccination and respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospital contact.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The live measles vaccine has been associated with lower non-measles mortality and admissions in low-income countries. The live measles-mumps-rubella vaccine has also been associated with lower rate of admissions with any type of infection in Danish children; the association was strongest for admissions with lower respiratory infections.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination was associated with reduced rate of hospital contact related to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in a high-income country.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nationwide cohort study of laboratory-confirmed RSV hospital contacts at age 14-23 months in all children born in Denmark 1997-2002 who had already received the vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (acellular), polio, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (DTaP-IPV-Hib) at the recommended ages of 3, 5, and 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 888 RSV hospital contacts in 128,588 person years of follow up (rate 6.8/1000 person years). Having MMR as the most recent vaccine was associated with a reduced rate of RSV hospital contacts compared with having DTaP-IPV-Hib as the most recent vaccine (Incidence rate ratio (IRR), 0.75; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.63-0.89). After adjustment for potential confounders including exact age in days the IRR was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.66-0.93). The adjusted IRR was 0.74 (95% CI, 0.60-0.92) in males and 0.84 (95% CI, 0.66-1.06) in females (P Interaction, 0.42). There was no association in the first month after MMR vaccination (adjusted IRR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.76-1.24) but the adjusted IRR was 0.70 (95% CI, 0.58-0.85) from one month after MMR vaccination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MMR vaccination was associated with reduced rate of hospital contacts related to laboratory-confirmed RSV infection. Further research on the association between MMR vaccination and other unrelated pathogens are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Vitamins and Vaccines (CVIVA), Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: sgs@ssi.dk.
authors.forename: Signe
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sørup
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Vitamins and Vaccines (CVIVA), Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Christine Stabell
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Benn
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Vitamins and Vaccines (CVIVA), Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Child & Adolescent Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lone Graff
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Stensballe
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Vitamins and Vaccines (CVIVA), Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aaby
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Vitamins and Vaccines (CVIVA), Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ravn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D022542:Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D022542:Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine
keywords: Heterologous immunity; Immunization; Measles–mumps–rubella vaccination; Non-specific effects; Non-targeted effects; Respiratory syncytial virus