title: Surgical speech disorders.
abstract: Most speech disorders of childhood are treated with speech therapy. However, two conditions, ankyloglossia and velopharyngeal dysfunction, may be amenable to surgical intervention. It is important for surgeons to work with experienced speech language pathologists to diagnose the speech disorder. Children with articulation disorders related to ankyloglossia may benefit from frenuloplasty. Children with velopharyngeal dysfunction should have standardized clinical evaluation and instrumental asseessment of velopharyngeal function. Surgeons should develop a treatment protocol to optimize speech outcomes while minimizing morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kaiser San Francisco, 4131 Geary Boulevard, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
authors.forename: Tianjie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, 1959 Pacific Avenue Northeast, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Childhood Communication Center, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98105, USA. Electronic address: kathysie@uw.edu.
authors.forename: Kathleen C Y
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Sie
mesh_terms: D000072676:Ankyloglossia; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008035:Lingual Frenum / Q000601:surgery*; D009056:Mouth Abnormalities / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D010159:Palate / Q000601:surgery*; D010614:Pharynx / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Ankyloglossia; Frenotomy; Frenuloplasty; Furlow palatoplasty; Pharyngoplasty; Velopharyngeal dysfunction; Velopharyngeal insufficiency