title: Polyorchidism with presumed contralateral intrauterine testicular torsion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polyorchidism was first described by Blasius in 1670(1) during a routine autopsy. We report a child with unilateral polyorchidism and a contralateral absent testis, a combination not reported previously.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 2-year-old boy was referred to the outpatient clinic with an impalpable left testis. At laparoscopy, the left vas deferens and testicular vessels ended blindly proximal to a closed internal ring. No gonadal tissue was identified. On the right side, a single vas deferens and testicular vessels were seen entering the internal ring as normal. The right side of the scrotum was explored and two testes were identified within a single tunica vaginalis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polyorchidism is rare with a literature search identifying approximately 230 reported cases. Whilst prenatal testicular torsion is increasing being recognized and treated as a surgical emergency,(9) prenatal testicular torsion in association with polyorchidism has not been previously reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We describe a unique case of a 2-year-old boy with right-sided polyorchidism and an absent left testis associated with a blind ending vas deferens and testicular vessels, presumed secondary to intrauterine testicular torsion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Vila Central Hospital, Port Vila, Vanuatu. Electronic address: bleodoro@gmail.com.
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Leodoro
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Beasley
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Stringer
keywords: Intrauterine testicular torsion; Polyorchidism