title: Two-dimensional cardiothoracic ratio for evaluation of cardiac size in German shepherd dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate cardiac size in normal German shepherd dogs (GSD) using the two-dimensional cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) and to use this measure for diagnosing GSD with altered cardiac size.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred clinically normal GSD as well as 46 GSD with altered cardiac size (microcardia or cardiomegaly).
  
  
  METHODS
  The CTR was computed as the percentage area of the cardiac silhouette relative to the area of the dog's thorax. Measurements were performed using a digital software program on lateral and ventro-dorsal radiographs at the points of peak inspiration and expiration. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the CTR for diagnosing cardiomegaly or microcardia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (±SD) CTR on lateral radiographs of normal dogs was 27.60% ± 1.10% and 30.13% ± 1.42% at the points of peak inspiration and expiration, respectively. For ventro-dorsal radiographs, mean CTR was 30.45% ± 1.39% at peak inspiration and 33.34% ± 1.46% at peak expiration. The cutoff value of the CTR for diagnosing microcardia on lateral radiographs was 22.98% (inspiration) and 25.06% (expiration), compared to 25.03% (inspiration) and 23.97% (expiration) on ventro-dorsal radiographs. Cutoff values for diagnosing cardiomegaly were 30.28% (inspiration) and 33.44% (expiration) on lateral radiographs and 36.80% (inspiration) and 37.99% (expiration) on ventro-dorsal radiographs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CTR may provide a clinically useful tool for evaluating cardiac size in dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Square P.O. 12211, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Faisal A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Torad
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Square P.O. 12211, Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address: elhamhassan@cu.edu.eg.
authors.forename: Elham A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hassan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*
keywords: Canine; Cardiomegaly; Heart; Microcardia; Radiography