title: Concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in California women's serum and residential dust.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Humans are exposed to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) through various routes, including consumption of contaminated food and accidental ingestion of settled dust.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to identify key routes of exposure to organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in California women of reproductive age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood was collected from 48 mothers participating in the California Childhood Leukemia Study from 2006 to 2007 and analyzed for POPs using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Multivariable linear regression models of natural-log transformed serum concentrations were used to identify determinants of exposure from available questionnaire information on dietary habits, reproductive history, and demographic characteristics, as well as vacuum cleaner dust-POP levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for blood lipid levels, age, body mass index, cumulative lactation, and sampling date, serum concentrations of multiple major PCBs were positively associated with fish consumption, but not dust-PCB levels. After adjusting for blood lipid levels, Hispanic ethnicity, country of origin, and household annual income, serum concentrations of multiple major PBDEs were positively associated with dust-PBDE levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that the relative contribution of specific exposure routes to total POP intake varies by chemical class, with dust being a relatively important source of PBDEs and diet being a relatively important source of PCBs.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, 50 University Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Electronic address: ToddPWhitehead@Berkeley.edu.
authors.forename: Todd P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Whitehead
authors.affiliation: Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, 700 Heinz Ave, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA; Sequoia Foundation, 2166 Avenida De La Playa, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Electronic address: Sabrina.CrispoSmith@DTSC.CA.gov.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crispo Smith
authors.affiliation: Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, 700 Heinz Ave, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA. Electronic address: June-Soo.Park@DTSC.CA.gov.
authors.forename: June-Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, 700 Heinz Ave, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA. Electronic address: Myrto.Petreas@DTSC.CA.gov.
authors.forename: Myrto X
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Petreas
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, 50 University Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Electronic address: SRappaport@Berkeley.edu.
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Rappaport
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, 50 University Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Electronic address: CMetayer@Berkeley.edu.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Metayer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002140:California; D004391:Dust; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000097:blood*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D009930:Organic Chemicals
keywords: Environmental monitoring; House dust; Organochlorine pesticides; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers; Polychlorinated biphenyls