title: Ethnic/racial disparities in adolescents' home food environments and linkages to dietary intake and weight status.
abstract: Research is needed to confirm that public health recommendations for home/family food environments are equally relevant for diverse populations. This study examined ethnic/racial differences in the home/family environments of adolescents and associations with dietary intake and weight status. The sample included 2374 ethnically/racially diverse adolescents and their parents enrolled in coordinated studies, EAT 2010 (Eating and Activity in Teens) and Project F-EAT (Families and Eating and Activity in Teens), in the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area. Adolescents and parents completed surveys and adolescents completed anthropometric measurements in 2009-2010. Nearly all home/family environment variables (n=7 of 8 examined) were found to vary significantly across the ethnic/racial groups. Several of the home/family food environment variables were significantly associated with one or more adolescent outcome in expected directions. For example, parental modeling of healthy food choices was inversely associated with BMI z-score (p=0.03) and positively associated with fruit/vegetable consumption (p<0.001). Most observed associations were applicable across ethnic/racial groups; however; eight relationships were found to differ by ethnicity/race. For example, parental encouragement for healthy eating was associated with lower intake of sugar-sweetened beverages only among youth representing the White, African American, Asian, and mixed/other ethnic/racial groups and was unrelated to intake among East African, Hispanic, and Native American youth. Food and nutrition professionals along with other providers of health programs and services for adolescents should encourage ethnically/racially diverse parents to follow existing recommendations to promote healthy eating such as modeling nutrient-dense food choices, but also recognize the need for cultural sensitivity in providing such guidance.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 South Second Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA. Electronic address: larsonn@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.affiliation: Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA. Electronic address: eisen012@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Marla E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Eisenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St. SE Room 424, Minneapolis, MN 55112, USA. Electronic address: jberge@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Jerica M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Berge
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St. SE Room 424, Minneapolis, MN 55112, USA. Electronic address: arca0021@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Chrisa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arcan
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 South Second Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA; Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA. Electronic address: neuma011@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Dianne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neumark-Sztainer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001213:Asian / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001835:Body Weight / Q000208:ethnology*; D002755:Choice Behavior; D004032:Diet / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012931:Social Environment; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: Adolescence; Dietary intake; Disparities; Home environment; Introduction; Weight status