title: Elevated beta2-glycoprotein I-low-density lipoprotein levels are associated with the presence of diabetic microvascular complications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate serum beta2-glycoprotein I-low-density lipoprotein (β2-GPI-LDL) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, and to further evaluate the associations of β2-GPI-LDL with ox-LDL in vivo and with the presence of diabetic microvascular complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined β2-GPI-LDL, ox-LDL and small dense low density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) levels in 236 T2DM patients with or without microvascular complications and 75 controls. The correlation analyses, multiple linear regression analyses and logistic regression analyses were performed, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with controls, β2-GPI-LDL and ox-LDL levels were significantly elevated in both groups of T2DM patients and those with microvascular complications exhibited the more significant increase than those without complications. Serum β2-GPI-LDL levels were positively correlated with ox-LDL as well as sdLDL-C levels in T2DM patients. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that ox-LDL was one of the independent determinants of β2-GPI-LDL levels. Logistic regression analyses indicated that elevated β2-GPI-LDL and ox-LDL levels had significant predictive values for diabetic microvascular complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated serum β2-GPI-LDL levels may be a serological hallmark of enhanced LDL oxidation in vivo and closely associated with the presence of diabetic microvascular complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Ruijie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Yunlong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Jiaxi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China. Electronic address: wujia0801@126.com.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China. Electronic address: jjwang9202@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Junjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein
keywords: Diabetic complications; Microangiopathy; Oxidized low-density lipoprotein; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; β(2)-Glycoprotein-I