title: I-L-C-2 it: type 2 immunity and group 2 innate lymphoid cells in homeostasis.
abstract: Innate type 2 immune cells are activated in response to helminths, allergens, and certain types of proteases and particulates. Recently, innate type 2 immune pathways have also been implicated in protective host responses to homeostatic perturbations, such as metabolic dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and tissue injury. In this context, innate type 2 cytokines stimulate local tissues, recruit eosinophils, and alternatively activate macrophages to restore homeostasis. As the major source of innate interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13, group 2 innate lymphoid cells are positioned to initiate and maintain homeostatic type 2 responses. The absence of exogenous stimuli in these processes implicates endogenous pathways in the activation of type 2 immunity and suggests an alternative evolutionary trajectory for type 2 immunity, apart from its role in response to helminths and allergens.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: von Moltke
authors.affiliation: Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Electronic address: locksley@medicine.ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Locksley
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D006373:Helminthiasis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000276:immunology; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000276:immunology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; C508599:IL5 protein, human; D018793:Interleukin-13; D015848:Interleukin-5