title: Bone morphogenetic proteins: indications and uses.
abstract: The BMPs are a group of growth factors that have varied roles in the development and maintenance of many organ systems. Several of the BMPs have osteogenic potential, and exert their effects via complex and highly regulated pathways. At present, only rhBMP-2 and rhBMP-7 are available for clinical use, but only rhBMP-2 is readily available, and from a practical standpoint is considered the only commercially available BMP. Only a few studies exist on BMP use in foot and ankle surgery, but these have shown promising results with low complication rates. BMP is an adjuvant to bone healing,and does not substitute for structural bone needs. In addition, rhBMP-2 outside spinal fusions is considered to be US Food and Drug Administration off-label, and should be used only in patients who are at high risk for bone healing problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Marshfield Clinic, 1000 North Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI, USA; Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 10 Penn Tower, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address: cbibbo@charter.net.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bibbo
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 10 Penn Tower, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, 840 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ehrlich
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Marshfield Clinic, 1000 North Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rougeux
mesh_terms: D001174:Arthrodesis; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D005529:Foot Bones / Q000601:surgery*; D017102:Fracture Healing; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins
keywords: BMP; Bone healing; Bone morphogenetic protein; Foot and ankle surgery