title: Relationship of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 to prognosis in patients with multiple myeloma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Changes occur in adhesion molecules in the disease course of multiple myeloma. P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1, CD162) works as the ligand of selectin-neutrophil adhesion molecules. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between PSGL-1 expression in the bone marrow and the known prognostic factors for multiple myeloma disease, disease stage, and survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  This research included 63 patients with multiple myeloma (26 women [41.3%]; 37 men [58.7%]). The bone marrow biopsy samples obtained at disease diagnosis for each patient were stained immunohistochemically in terms of CD162 expression using standard diagnostic immunohistochemical staining methods. The laboratory results, CD162 expression, overall survival, demographic characteristics of the disease, and the relationship between CD162 expression and the disease stage were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 63 patients included in the present study, the survival rate was 82.3% for 1 year, 73.2% for 2 years, 63.4% for 3 years, 51.7% for 4 years, 40.3% for 5 years, and 33.6% for 6 and 7 years. A statistically significant difference was not detected between the CD162 staining ratio and disease survival (P = .232). A statistically significant difference was not detected between the CD162 staining degree and survival rate (P = .184). However, the overall survival of the patients with no CD162 expression in the bone marrow was lower than that for the patients whose CD162 was stained 1, 2, and 3 degrees (12.33 ± 11.49, 28.65 ± 31.44, 37.25 ± 29.32, and 47.92 ± 45.29 months, respectively; P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the present study, CD162 staining and the staining degree, with the other standard immunohistochemical stains, were shown to be beneficial in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma disease. However, the results did not provide information about the disease course. Studies of a larger number of patients to examine P-selectin and interleukin-6 levels are needed to investigate the disease course.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Baskent University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: f_noyan@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Figen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Atalay
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Elif Birtaş
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Ateşoğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Baskent University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Semsi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yıldız
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Marmara University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tülin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Firatlı-Tuglular
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Baskent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karakuş
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Academic Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mahmut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bayık
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C084882:P-selectin ligand protein
keywords: CD162; Immunocytochemistry; Multiple myeloma; P-selectin ligand protein; Prognosis