title: Removal of 226Ra and 228Ra from TENORM sludge waste using surfactants solutions.
abstract: The feasibility of using surfactants as extracting agent for the removal of radium species from TENORM sludge produced from petroleum industry is evaluated. In this investigation cationic and nonionic surfactants were used as extracting agents for the removal of radium radionuclides from the sludge waste. Two surfactants namely cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and Triton X-100 (TX100) were investigated as the extracting agents. Different parameters affecting the removal of both (226)Ra and (228)Ra by the two surfactants as well as their admixture were studied by the batch technique. These parameters include effect of shaking time, surfactants concentration and temperature as well as the effect of surfactants admixture. It was found that, higher solution temperature improves the removal efficiency of radium species. Combined extraction of nonionic and cationic surfactants produces synergistic effect in removal both (226)Ra and (228)Ra, where the removals reached 84% and 80% for (226)Ra and (228)Ra, respectively, were obtained using surfactants admixture.
authors.affiliation: Hot Laboratories and Waste Management Center, Atomic Energy Authority of Egypt, PO.13759 Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address: dr.m.f.attallah@gmail.com.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Attallah
authors.affiliation: Hot Laboratories and Waste Management Center, Atomic Energy Authority of Egypt, PO.13759 Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mostafa M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hamed
authors.affiliation: Hot Laboratories and Waste Management Center, Atomic Energy Authority of Egypt, PO.13759 Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: El Afifi
authors.affiliation: Hot Laboratories and Waste Management Center, Atomic Energy Authority of Egypt, PO.13759 Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Aly
mesh_terms: D011834:Radiation Monitoring; D011883:Radium / Q000032:analysis*; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive; D011883:Radium
keywords: Natural radionuclides; Removal of radium; Surfactants; TENORM sludge