title: Endocytosis of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) in astrocytes: a fiery path to its destination.
abstract: Despite successful suppression of peripheral HIV-1 infection by combination antiretroviral therapy, immune activation by residual virus in the brain leads to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). In the brain, several types of cells, including microglia, perivascular macrophage, and astrocytes have been reported to be infected by HIV-1. Astrocytes, the most abundant cells in the brain, maintain homeostasis. The general consensus on HIV-1 infection in astrocytes is that it produces unproductive viral infection. HIV-1 enters astrocytes by pH-dependent endocytosis, leading to degradation of the virus in endosomes, but barely succeeds in infection. Here, we have discussed endocytosis-mediated HIV-1 entry and viral programming in astrocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, SC 29209, USA. Electronic address: acniwar@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, SC 29209, USA.
authors.forename: Mehrab
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khandkar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000821:virology*; D004705:Endocytosis; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans
keywords: Chloroquine; HIV-1 brain; HIV-1 persistence; LSP1; Lysosomotropic drugs; Proteasome inhibitors; Rab; Rev; Tat