title: Angular stable fixation of displaced distal-third clavicle fractures with superior precontoured locking plates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We reviewed the outcome of angular stable plates in addressing displaced lateral-third clavicle fractures. We investigated union, shoulder function, request for implant removal, and return to sport. Our hypothesis was that these implants provide predictable union and return to sports without the negative consequence of leaving plates in situ, reducing the requirement for a second surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We undertook a retrospective review of a consecutive series of patients who underwent this surgery between 2007 and 2010. Nineteen patients with a mean follow-up of 25 months were included. Postoperative follow-up was performed at 2 weeks and monthly thereafter until union was assessed as achieved clinically and radiographically. Two telephone interviews at a mean of 7 months and 25 months postoperatively assessed shoulder function by Oxford Shoulder Score, presence of any plate or scar discomfort, need for implant removal, and return to sport.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen patients achieved union by 4 months (median, 12 weeks; range, 6-16 weeks). The mean Oxford Shoulder Score was 46 (range, 41-48) at a mean of 7 months (range, 3-18 months) and 47 (range, 44-48) at 25 months (range, 18-48 months). Initially, 2 patients requested implant removal; later, however, both declined surgery. No plates have been removed. Four patients complained of mild plate discomfort but did not wish removal. All patients had returned to sporting activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Angular stable plate fixation of Neer group II, type II clavicle fractures resulted in a 100% union rate with excellent return of function with no mandatory need for removal.
authors.affiliation: Department of orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. Electronic address: orthofleming@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.affiliation: Department of orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dachs
authors.affiliation: Department of orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Sithombo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maqungo
authors.affiliation: Department of orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: du Plessis
authors.affiliation: Department of orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Basil C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Vrettos
authors.affiliation: Department of orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Stephen J L
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Roche
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001860:Bone Plates / Q000009:adverse effects; D002968:Clavicle / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012782:Shoulder / Q000503:physiopathology; D013177:Sports
keywords: Lateral clavicle; angular stable fixation; fracture; hook plate; locked plate; nonunion; unstable