title: Colon cancer: cancer stem cells markers, drug resistance and treatment.
abstract: Malignant tumours consist of heterogeneous populations of tumour cells. Cancer stem cells (CSC) represent a population of cells within a tumour with highly tumorigenic and chemoresistant properties. These cells may be identified by the expression of CSC markers. There are several key stem cells markers specified for colon cancer: CD133, CD44, ALDH1, ALCAM. These days, a major obstacle to effective cancer management is development of a multidrug resistance (MDR). The principal mechanism responsible for development of MDR phenotype is the over-expression of ABC transporters. Tumours and relapsing tumours after therapy are drived by subpopulations of tumour cells with aggressive phenotype resistant to chemotherapeutics. These cells are called CSC or tumour-initiating cells (TIC). Here we outline recent information about MDR of colon cancer and CSC markers. We have focused on novel therapeutic strategies which have been developed to prevent or overcome MDR. One such strategy is a combination of chemotherapy and modulators of MDR pumps or chemotherapy and monoclonal antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF. Colon cancer is characterized by the presence of colon CSC expressing specific stem cell markers. The divergent presence of these markers can help to adjust personalized therapy. The review provides a detailed overview of resistance of colon cancer cells and discusses how the presence of CSC markers can influence therapy and prognosis of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlarska 7, 83391 Bratislava, Slovakia. Electronic address: zuzana.kozovska@savba.sk.
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kozovska
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gabrisova
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlarska 7, 83391 Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kucerova
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: Aldehyd dehydrogenase ALDH1; Cancer stem cells markers; Colon cancer; Multidrug resistance