title: Transcription analysis on response of porcine alveolar macrophages to co-infection of the highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.
abstract: Porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) is of great concern economically, for swine producers worldwide. Co-infections with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) are considered the major causative agents of PRDC, and responsible for mass mortality in pigs. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying the host factors involved in pathogenesis and persistent infection have not been clearly established because of a lack of information regarding host responses following co-infection. In the current study, high throughput cDNA microarray assays were employed to evaluate host responses of porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM) to co-infection with highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) and Mhp. A total of 2152 and 1760 genes were identified as being differentially expressed between the control group and PRRSV+Mhp co-infected group at 6 and 15 h post infection, respectively. The DE genes were involved in many vital functional classes, including inflammatory response, immune response, apoptosis, defense response, signal transduction. The pathway analysis demonstrated that the most significant pathways were associated with chemokine signaling pathway, cytokine, TLR, RLR and NLR signaling pathways and Jak-STAT signaling pathway. STRING analysis demonstrated that IL-1β is an integral gene in co-infections with PRRSV and Mhp. The present study is the first to document the response of PAMs to co-infection with HP-PRRSV and Mhp. The observed gene expression profile could help with the screening of potential host agents for reducing the prevalence of co-infections, and to further develop our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis associated with PRRSV and Mhp co-infection in pigs.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Luping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiangwei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
authors.forename: Zhengyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
authors.forename: Zhixin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
authors.forename: Maojun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
authors.forename: Yanna
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China. Electronic address: 84391973@163.com.
authors.forename: Guoqing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China. Electronic address: kwh2003@263.net.
authors.forename: Kongwang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D060085:Coinfection; D019295:Computational Biology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000235:genetics; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D045705:Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae; D045729:Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D019318:Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D019316:Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013552:Swine; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta
keywords: Co-infection; Microarray analysis; Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae; PRRSV