title: Microencapsulated chlorpyrifos: degradation in soil and influence on soil microbial community structures.
abstract: Degradation kinetics of microencapsulated chlorpyrifos (CPF-MC) in soil and its influence on soil microbial community structures were investigated by comparing with emulsifiable concentration of chlorpyrifos (CPF-EC) in laboratory. The residual periods of CPF-MC with fortification levels of 5 and 20mg/kg reached 120 days in soil, both of the degradation curves did not fit the first-order model, and out-capsule residues of chlorpyrifos in soil were maintained at 1.76 (±0.33) and 5.92 (±1.20) mg/kg in the period between 15 and 60 days, respectively. The degradation kinetics of CPF-EC fit the first-order model, and the residual periods of 5 and 20mg/kg treatments were 60 days. Bacterial community structures in soil treated with two concentrations of CPF-MC showed similarity to those of the control during the test period, as seen in the band number and relative intensities of the individual band on DGGE gels (p>0.05). Fungal community structures were slightly affected in the 5mg/kg treatments and returned to the control levels after 30 days, but initially differed significantly from control in the 20mg/kg treatments (p<0.05) and did not recover to control levels until 90 days later. The CPF-EC significantly altered microbial community structures (p<0.05) and effects did not disappear until 240 days later. The results indicated that the microcapsule technology prolonged the residue periods of chlorpyrifos in soil whereas it decreased its side-effects on soil microbes as compared with the emulsifiable concentration formulation.
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China. Electronic address: zwsclz@163.com.
authors.forename: Liezhong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
authors.forename: Yanli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
authors.forename: Yali
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
authors.forename: Yunlong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000378:metabolism*; D017931:DNA Primers; D004339:Drug Compounding; D007306:Insecticides / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D007306:Insecticides; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D004390:Chlorpyrifos
keywords: Controlled-release formulation; Non-controlled-release formulation; Pesticide; Side effects; Soil microbiology