title: Poly(glycerol sebacate)/poly(butylene succinate-butylene dilinoleate) fibrous scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering.
abstract: The present article investigates the use of a novel electrospun fibrous blend of poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) and poly(butylene succinate-butylene dilinoleate) (PBS-DLA) as a candidate for cardiac tissue engineering. Random electrospun fibers with various PGS/PBS-DLA compositions (70/30, 60/40, 50/50, and 0/100) were fabricated. To examine the suitability of these fiber blends for heart patches, their morphology, as well as their physical, chemical, and mechanical properties were measured before examining their biocompatibility through cell adhesion. The fabricated fibers were bead-free and exhibited a relatively narrow diameter distribution. The addition of PBS-DLA to PGS resulted in an increase of the average fiber diameter, whereas increasing the amount of PBS-DLA decreased the hydrophilicity and the water uptake of the nanofibrous scaffolds to values that approached those of neat PBS-DLA nanofibers. Moreover, the addition of PBS-DLA significantly increased the elastic modulus. Initial toxicity studies with C2C12 myoblast cells up to 72 h confirmed nontoxic behavior of the blends. Immunofluorescence analyses and scanning electron microscopy analyses confirmed that C2C12 cells showed better cell attachment and proliferation on electrospun mats with higher PBS-DLA content. However, immunofluorescence analyses of the 3-day-old rat cardiomyocytes cultured for 2 and 5 days demonstrated better attachment on the 70/30 fibers containing well-aligned sarcomeres and expressing high amounts of connexin 43 in cellular junctions indicating efficient cell-to-cell communication. It can be concluded, therefore, that fibrous PGS/PBS-DLA scaffolds exhibit promising characteristics as a biomaterial for cardiac patch applications.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Marwa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tallawi
authors.affiliation: 2Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Zebrowski
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ranjana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rai
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Polymeric Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Roether
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Polymeric Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Dirk W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.affiliation: 4Division of Biomaterials and Microbiological Technologies, Polymer Institute, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: Miroslawa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El Fray
authors.affiliation: 2Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Felix B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.affiliation: 5Laboratory of Mechanics and Materials, School of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.|6Department of Civil Engineering-Engineering Mechanics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
authors.forename: Katerina E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Aifantis
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Aldo R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Boccaccini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002072:Butylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002460:Cell Line; D003651:Decanoates / Q000737:chemistry*; D005990:Glycerol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009206:Myocardium; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002072:Butylene Glycols; D003651:Decanoates; D011108:Polymers; C089797:bionole; C469892:poly(glycerol-sebacate); D005990:Glycerol