title: The association between metabolic syndrome and prostate cancer: Effect on its aggressiveness and progression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of metabolic syndrome and its individual components on prostate biopsy findings, the radical prostatectomy specimen and on biochemical recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational study was conducted of 1319 men who underwent prostate biopsy between January 2007 and December 2011. The impact on the biopsy findings, the radical prostatectomy specimen and biochemical recurrence was evaluated using logistic regression and Cox regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 1319 patients, 275 (21%) had metabolic syndrome, and 517 prostate cancers were diagnosed. A greater percentage of metabolic syndrome was found among patients with prostate cancer than among patients without prostate cancer (25% vs. 18%; P=.002). Poorer results were found in the radical prostatectomy specimens (Gleason score ≥ 7, P<.001; stage ≥ T2c, P<.001; positive surgical margins, P<.001), and there was a greater percentage of biochemical recurrence in patients with metabolic syndrome than in those without metabolic syndrome (24% vs. 13%; P=.003). Metabolic syndrome behaved as an independent predictive factor of finding a Gleason score ≥ 7 for the specimen, as well as for finding a specimen stage ≥ T2c. Metabolic syndrome was also able to independently predict a greater rate of biochemical recurrence (OR: 3.6, P<.001; OR: 3.2, P=.03; HR: 1.7; respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metabolic syndrome is associated with poorer findings in the radical prostatectomy specimens and is an independent prognostic factor of biochemical recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España. Electronic address: asanchisbonet@yahoo.es.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sanchís-Bonet
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ortiz-Vico
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morales-Palacios
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Chapado
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015897:Comorbidity; D018450:Disease Progression; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
keywords: Biochemical recurrence; Cáncer de próstata; Gleason score; Grado de Gleason; Metabolic syndrome; Prostate cancer; Recidiva bioquímica; Síndrome metabólico