title: Effects of in-water passive recovery on sprint swimming performance and heart rate in adolescent swimmers.
abstract: The aim of the present study is to test the hypothesis that sprint swimming performance is enhanced by in-water passive recovery (IN) after sprint swimming bouts in well-trained adolescent swimmers. Using a randomized crossover study design, twelve well-trained adolescent swimmers performed two tests at the swimming pool after preliminary testing. They performed 5 bouts of 100m all-out swimming separated by 5 minutes of passive rest. Their individual in- or out-of-water passive recovery condition was randomized on the first day. In their second visit to the swimming pool the opposite recovery condition was indicated. More than 60% of the subjects which rested in-water were faster in the 5th bout when compared to the OUT group. However, no significant differences were found in blood lactate when IN and OUT were compared. After the first bout peak heart rate (HR peak) was lower in subsequent bouts for IN recovery when compared with OUT (p < 0.001). Thus, coaches and researchers should take into account that IN passive recovery may decrease loss of performance and diminish HR peak during sprint swimming bouts. This is particularly important given the use that many coaches give to HR as a tool in daily training. Key pointsIn-water passive recovery minimizes the loss of performance during high intensity swimmingMaximal HR is significantly reduced by in-water recoveryCoaches should take this information into account when using HR to control swimming intensityFuture research should study long-term effects induced by in-water passive recovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén , Jaén, Spain.
authors.forename: Rafael A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Casuso
authors.affiliation: Department of Music, Plastic Expression and Body Language, University of Jaén , Jaén, Spain.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martínez-López
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén , Jaén, Spain.
authors.forename: Fidel
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hita-Contreras
authors.affiliation: Department of Music, Plastic Expression and Body Language, University of Jaén , Jaén, Spain.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Cazalilla
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén , Jaén, Spain.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cruz-Díaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén , Jaén, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martínez-Amat
keywords: Swimmers; recovery; sprint; test