title: Determination of Sudan I-IV in candy using ionic liquid/anionic surfactant aqueous two-phase extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: Ionic liquid/anionic surfactant aqueous two-phase system was developed and applied for the extraction of Sudan I-IV. High-performance liquid chromatography was applied to the determination of the analytes. The aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) was formed in the present of C4[MIM]BF4, sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate and (NH4)2SO4. The parameters affecting the extraction efficiency, such as volume of ionic liquid, amount of sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate, ionic strength, pH value of system, extraction time and temperature were investigated. The limits of detection for Sudan I, II, III and IV were 5.45, 4.66, 3.68, 4.20 μg kg(-1), respectively. When the present method was applied to the analysis of candy samples, the recoveries of the analytes ranged from 82.3% to 112.1% and relative standard deviations were lower than 7.41%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Xiantai Street 126, Changchun 130033, PR China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Xiantai Street 126, Changchun 130033, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhongling
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Xiantai Street 126, Changchun 130033, PR China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, PR China.
authors.forename: Hanqi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, PR China. Electronic address: liuzhongling1988@163.com.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D002182:Candy / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D009284:Naphthols / Q000032:analysis*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D009284:Naphthols; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C024336:1-phenylazo-2-naphthol
keywords: Ammonium sulphate (PubChem CID: 6097028); Candy; High-performance liquid chromatography; Ionic liquid/anionic surfactant aqueous two-phase system; SDBS (PubChem CID: 3423265); Sudan I (PubChem CID: 5858445); Sudan II (PubChem CID: 5809936); Sudan III (PubChem CID: 6789251); Sudan IV (PubChem CID: 16212227); Sudan I–IV; [C(4)MIM]BF(4) (PubChem CID: 2734178)