title: Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a New Measure for Children's Participation in Hand-Use Life Situations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the development of the Children's Assessment of Participation with Hands, a parent-report questionnaire that assesses children's participation in life situations requiring hand use specifically, and to investigate its construct validity (using Rasch analysis and known-group comparison) and reliability (test-retest reliability and internal consistency).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional, validation, and test-retest studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Schools.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parents/caregivers (N=202) reported on their children aged 2 to 12 years with (n=97) and without disabilities (n=105).
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Children's Assessment of Participation with Hands was developed based on a content review of existing children's participation measures and literature, expert review, and pilot testing. The Children's Assessment of Participation with Hands included 37 items measuring participation diversity, frequency, independence, and desire for change in specific hand-use life situations across 4 domains of self-care, recreation, education, and domestic life and community.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evidence for construct validity of the Children's Assessment of Participation with Hands domains was established through Rasch analysis (after removing 2 misfitting items from the recreational domain and 1 item from the domestic life and community domain). Differences in summary scores of each domain between children with and without disabilities were also significant (P<.01). Test-retest reliability of the Children's Assessment of Participation with Hands was moderate to high (intraclass correlation coefficients, .69-.96), except for the desire for change dimension scale of the recreational domain (.40). Internal consistency was varied across the dimensions/domains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results provide preliminary evidence for the construct validity and reliability of the Children's Assessment of Participation with Hands that could be used in clinical and research settings to gain a specific understanding of the impact of children's hand-use difficulties on their participation in life situations requiring hand use.
authors.affiliation: Occupational Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Electronic address: Will.Chien@childrenhandskills.com.
authors.forename: Chi-Wen
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.affiliation: Occupational Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rodger
authors.affiliation: Occupational Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Jodie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Copley
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D019988:Children with Disabilities; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Child; Outcome assessment (health care); Rehabilitation; Social participation