title: Low serum levels of vitamin D are associated with post-stroke depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Low serum levels of vitamin D have been associated with depression in non-stroke subjects. Our aim was to examine the possible association between serum vitamin D levels and the development of post-stroke depression (PSD).
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 189 patients with acute ischaemic stroke were consecutively recruited. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were measured by competitive protein-binding assay within 24 h after admission. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale was used for screening for the existence of depressive symptoms at 1 month after stroke. Patients with a Hamilton Depression Scale score of ≥7 were given the Structured Clinical Interview of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, for diagnosis of PSD. Meanwhile, 100 healthy control subjects were also recruited and underwent measurement of 25(OH)D.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-five patients (29.1%) were diagnosed as having PSD at 1 month. Serum vitamin D levels within 24 h after admission were significantly lower in both non-PSD patients and PSD patients than in normal controls. PSD patients had significantly lower vitamin D than non-PSD patients. Serum vitamin D levels (≤37.1 and ≥64.1 nmol/l) were independently associated with the development of PSD (odds ratio 8.824, 95% confidence interval 2.011-38.720, P = 0.004, and odds ratio 0.127, 95% confidence interval 0.022-0.718, P = 0.020, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum vitamin D levels within 24 h after admission are found to be associated with PSD and may predict its development at 1 month post-stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lyu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003863:Depression / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: depression; stroke; vitamin