title: Determination of picomolar beryllium levels in seawater with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry following silica-gel preconcentration.
abstract: A robust and rapid method for the determination of natural levels of beryllium (Be) in seawater was developed to facilitate mapping Be concentrations in the ocean. A solid-phase extraction method using a silica gel column was applied for preconcentration and purification of Be in seawater prior to determination of Be concentrations with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Be was quantitatively adsorbed onto silica gel from solutions with pH values ranging from 6.3 to 9, including natural seawater. The chelating agent ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid was used to remove other ions in the seawater matrix (Na, Mg, and Ca) that interfere with the ICP-MS analysis. The reproducibility of the method was 3% based on triplicate analyses of natural seawater samples, and the detection limit was 0.4 pmol kg(-1) for 250 mL of seawater, which is sufficient for the analysis of seawater in the open ocean. The method was then used to determine the vertical profile of Be in the eastern North Pacific Ocean, which was found to be a recycled-type profile in which the Be concentration increased with depth from the surface (7.2 pmol kg(-1) at <200 m) to deep water (29.2 pmol kg(-1) from 3500 m to the bottom).
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Chemistry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Mediation, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan; College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, 3-25-40, Sakurajosui, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan. Electronic address: tazoe@cc.hirosaki-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tazoe
authors.affiliation: College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, 3-25-40, Sakurajosui, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeyasu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamagata
authors.affiliation: Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The Tokyo University, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8564, Japan.
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Obata
authors.affiliation: College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, 3-25-40, Sakurajosui, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagai
keywords: Beryllium; Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; Preconcentration; Seawater; Silica-gel