title: Investigation of magnesium-zinc-calcium alloys and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell response in direct culture.
abstract: Crystalline Mg-Zn-Ca ternary alloys have recently attracted significant interest for biomedical implant applications due to their promising biocompatibility, bioactivity, biodegradability and mechanical properties. The objective of this study was to characterize as-cast Mg-xZn-0.5Ca (x=0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0wt.%) alloys, and determine the adhesion and morphology of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) at the interface with the Mg-xZn-0.5Ca alloys. The direct culture method (i.e. seeding cells directly onto the surface of the sample) was established in this study to probe the highly dynamic cell-substrate interface and thus to elucidate the mechanisms of BMSC responses to dynamic alloy degradation. The results showed that the BMSC adhesion density on these alloys was similar to the cell-only positive control and the BMSC morphology appeared more anisotropic on the rapidly degrading alloy surfaces in comparison with the cell-only positive control. Importantly, neither culture media supplemented with up to 27.6mM Mg(2+) ions nor media intentionally adjusted up to alkaline pH 9 induced any detectable adverse effects on BMSC responses. We speculated that degradation-induced dynamic surface topography played an important role in modulating cell morphology at the interface. This study presents a clinically relevant in vitro model for screening bioresorbable alloys, and provides useful design guidelines for determining the degradation rate of implants made of Mg-Zn-Ca alloys.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
authors.forename: Aaron F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Cipriano
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sallee
authors.affiliation: School of Materials and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ren-Guo
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: School of Materials and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhan-Yong
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
authors.forename: Myla
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tayoba
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Stem Cell Center, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. Electronic address: huinan.liu@ucr.edu.
authors.forename: Huinan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D008274:Magnesium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D008274:Magnesium; D015032:Zinc; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Biodegradable Mg–Zn–Ca alloy; Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs); Direct culture; In vitro cytocompatibility and degradation; Musculoskeletal implants