title: Progesterone elevation on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration is not the only factor determining outcomes of in vitro fertilization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether progesterone elevation is the only factor in determining outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infertility clinic at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  One thousand five hundred eight women undergoing a total of 1,508 IVF cycles.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical pregnancy and live-birth rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients were classified into four subgroups according to their progesterone concentration on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) triggering. The clinical pregnancy and live-birth rates were statistically significantly associated with the age of the woman, the day of embryo transfer, the progesterone concentration on the day of hCG administration, the number of transferred embryos, and the number of top-quality embryos transferred. However, after omitting the women with the highest progesterone concentration (≥1.94 ng/mL), only four factors-patient age, day of embryo transfer, number of transferred embryos, and number of top-quality embryos transferred-were statistically significantly associated with the clinical pregnancy and live-birth rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Progesterone concentration on the day of hCG administration is not the only factor determining the clinical pregnancy and live-birth rates. Fresh embryos from women should be frozen with extremely high progesterone concentrations. Each patient's general condition and the capacity for frozen-thawed embryo transfer should be considered before implantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Change Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Change Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Ru
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Change Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Fu-Jen
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Change Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pin-Yao
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Change Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Fu-Tsai
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Kung
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Change Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Change Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Chi
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Change Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Electronic address: lankuochung@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kuo-Chung
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005300:Fertility Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007246:Infertility / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D050498:Live Birth / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood*; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D005300:Fertility Agents, Female; D011374:Progesterone
keywords: Progesterone elevation; day of hCG administration; in vitro fertilization; pregnancy