title: Association of inflammation and oxidative stress with obstructive sleep apnea in ischemic stroke patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the mortality and further cardiovascular risk in subjects with ischemic stroke remains a contentious issue. Oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction due to OSA have seldom been studied in stable ischemic stroke patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional, prospective study involved 92 consecutive ischemic stroke patients who were admitted to the Rehabilitation ward. All subjects received polysomnography and laboratory tests for oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers, including: C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine. Differences in study variables between patients with or without severe OSA were compared, and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between OSA severity and target biomarkers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants in the severe OSA group were significantly older (p = 0.002), had a significantly higher risk of hypertension (p = 0.021) and a lower level of CRP (p = 0.006). Among the subjects with ischemic stroke and severe OSA, the levels of CRP, IL-6, and TAC were positively correlated with the desaturation index (DI) and the TAC levels were negatively correlated with mean arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). Regression analysis results indicated that the TAC levels remained significantly and negatively correlated with mean SaO2 levels. Moreover, the CRP levels remained significantly correlated with the apnea-hypopnea index and DI after controlling for covariates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrated that a preferentially adaptive antioxidative response to hypoxia emerges, and the role of OSA with respect to inflammatory reaction is attenuated, in ischemic stroke patients with OSA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Electronic address: jongyau@cgmh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Chung-Yao
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Early Intervention, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chung-Chieh
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tai-Tzung
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Ting
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Hui
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D017286:Polysomnography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D003849:Deoxyguanosine
keywords: Brain infarction; C-reactive protein; Inflammation; Obstructive sleep apnea; Oxidative stress; Total antioxidant capacity