title: Atmospheric application of trace amounts of nitric oxide enhances tolerance to salt stress and improves nutritional quality in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.).
abstract: The increased salinity in greenhouses has become a problem of great concern. In this study, it was observed that the salt-induced oxidative damages (indicated by MDA, H2O2 and antioxidant enzymes, including POD, SOD and CAT) could be alleviated by application of NO gas. Consequently, although both photosynthesis and growth in plants were inhibited by NaCl stress, they were restored by NO gas application, and the fresh and dry biomasses of edible parts increased by 60% and 27% over NaCl stress treatment, respectively. Furthermore, gaseous NO application also significantly elevated the levels of several antioxidation-associated compounds such as proline, ascorbate, glutathione, total phenolics and flavonoids, as well as the total antioxidant capacity (indicated by DPPH scavenging activity) in NaCl-treated plants. Keeping in mind all of the above, we concluded that atmospheric application of trace amounts of nitric oxide gas could be an effective strategy for improving both biomass production and nutrition quality in spinach under salt stress.
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. Electronic address: dushaoting@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shao-Ting
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Hui-Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Qing
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Ran-Ran
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009753:Nutritive Value; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000378:metabolism*; D018724:Spinacia oleracea / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D001205:Ascorbic Acid
keywords: Antioxidative system; Nitric oxide; Nutrition quality; Oxidative stress; Salinity; Vegetable