title: Tourette's: syndrome, disorder or spectrum? Classificatory challenges and an appraisal of the DSM criteria.
abstract: The fifth version of the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) was released in May 2013 after 14 years of development and almost two decades after the last edition DSM-IV was published in 1994. We review the DSM journey with regards to Tourette Syndrome from the original publication of DSM 1 in 1952 till date. In terms of changes in DSM 5, the major shift has come in the placement of Tourette Syndrome under the 'Neurodevelopmental Disorders' alongside other disorders with a developmental origin. This review provides an overview of the changes in DSM-5 highlighting key points for clinical practice and research along with a snap shot of the current use of DSM as a classificatory system in different parts of the world and suggestions for improving the subtyping and the diagnostic confidence.
authors.affiliation: University College London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology, Room 148, Atkinson Morley Wing, St. Georges Hospital & Medical School, Blackshaw Road, London SW17 0QT, United Kingdom. Electronic address: m.robertson@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Mary May
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.affiliation: School of Psychiatry & Ingham Institute, University of New South Wales; Academic Unit of Child Psychiatry, South West Sydney (AUCS), ICAMHS, Mental Health Centre, L1, Liverpool Hospital, Elizabeth Street, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia. Electronic address: v.eapen@unsw.edu.au.
authors.forename: Valsamma
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Eapen
mesh_terms: D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D006801:Humans; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology
keywords: Classification; DSM-5; Diagnosis; Neurodevelopmental disorder; Tics; Tourette Syndrome