title: Effects of sugar solutions on hypothalamic appetite regulation.
abstract: Several hypotheses for the causes of the obesity epidemic in the US have been proposed. One such hypothesis is that dietary intake patterns have significantly shifted to include unprecedented amounts of refined sugar. We set out to determine if different sugars might promote changes in the hypothalamic mechanisms controlling food intake by measuring several hypothalamic peptides subsequent to overnight access to dilute glucose, sucrose, high fructose corn syrup, or fructose solutions. Rats were given access to food, water and a sugar solution for 24h, after which blood and tissues were collected. Fructose access (as opposed to other sugars that were tested) resulted in a doubling of circulating triglycerides. Glucose consumption resulted in upregulation of 7 satiety-related hypothalamic peptides whereas changes in gene expression were mixed for remaining sugars. Also, following multiple verification assays, 6 satiety related peptides were verified as being affected by sugar intake. These data provide evidence that not all sugars are equally effective in affecting the control of intake.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States.
authors.forename: Danielle L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Colley
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States. Electronic address: twc@umd.edu.
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Castonguay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001069:Appetite Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001835:Body Weight; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000378:metabolism; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D066248:High Fructose Corn Syrup / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000502:physiology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D058264:Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D066248:High Fructose Corn Syrup; D007328:Insulin; C545510:Ramp3 protein, rat; D058264:Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 3; D014280:Triglycerides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005632:Fructose; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; D013006:Growth Hormone; D002766:Cholecystokinin; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Food intake; Fructose; Glucose; High fructose corn syrup; Obesity; Sucrose