title: Social barriers to diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in patients presenting at a teaching hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria.
abstract: Globally, breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy in women, and stage at diagnosis is a key determinant of outcome. In low- to middle-income countries, including Nigeria, advanced stage diagnosis and delayed treatment represent a significant problem. That social barriers contribute to delay has been noted in previous research; however, few specific factors have been studied. Using semi-structured interviews, this study identifies social barriers to diagnosis and treatment for patients who presented at University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria. Transcripts from the interviews were coded and analysed thematically. Thirty-one patients and five physicians were interviewed. The median age of patients was 51 (range: 28 to above 80), 83% were Christian and 17% were Muslim. Preliminary analysis showed that delays in diagnosis reflected a lack of education as well as the utilisation of non-physician medical services such as pharmacists. Delays in treatment were often due to fear of unanticipated surgery and cost. The majority of women did not know the cause of their breast cancer, but some believed it was caused by a spiritual affliction. This study suggests that further education and awareness of breast cancer for both patients and providers is needed in order to increase early stage diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: a Pritzker School of Medicine , University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA.
authors.forename: Liese
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pruitt
authors.forename: Tolulope
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mumuni
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Raikhel
authors.forename: Adeyinka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ademola
authors.forename: Temidayo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogundiran
authors.forename: Adeniyi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adenipekun
authors.forename: Imran
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Morhason-Bello
authors.forename: Oladosu A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Ojengbede
authors.forename: Olufunmilayo I
authors.initials: OI
authors.lastname: Olopade
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D036301:Qualitative Research
keywords: Nigeria; breast cancer; non-communicable diseases; qualitative research; social barriers to healthcare