title: In-vivo antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity of pistagremic acid isolated from Pistacia integerrima.
abstract: The current study was designed to explore the antinociceptive, antiinflammatory and antipyretic activity of pistagremic acid (PA), isolated from Pistacia integerima bark in various animal paradigms. The results illustrated significant inhibition of noxious stimulation in acetic acid induced writhing test with maximum effect of 68% at 10mg/kg i.p. In tail immersion test, pretreatment with PA demonstrated marked activity during various assessment times in a dose dependent manner. The maximum pain inhibition was 59.46% at 10mg/kg i.p. after 90 min of PA treatment. However, the injection of naloxone did not antagonize this induced effect. PA significantly ameliorated post carrageenan induced edema dose dependently during various stages of inflammation. The effect was most dominant (60.02%) after 3(rd) h of drug administration when examined for 5h. Similarly, it provoked dose dependent antipyretic effect in febrile mice with maximum of 60.04% activity at 10mg/kg i.p. after 3rd hour of PA post treatment. Furthermore, molecular docking was carried out to understand the binding mode of PA. From the docking study it was observed that PA fits well in the active site of COX-2 enzyme due to hydrogen and hydrophobic moiety interactions to the important active site of molecule. In conclusion, PA possesses strong peripheral and central antinociceptive activity independent of opioidergic effect which was augmented by its anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, KPK, Pakistan. Electronic address: Abdurraufphd@upesh.edu.pk.
authors.forename: Abdur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rauf
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, KPK, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ghias
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Uddin
authors.affiliation: H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Bina S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.affiliation: H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ajmal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Haroon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, KPK, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arfan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Naveed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Muhammad
authors.affiliation: Computational Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wadood
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058633:Antipyretics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000188:drug therapy; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D027927:Pistacia / Q000737:chemistry*; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D058633:Antipyretics; D014315:Triterpenes; C581170:pistagremic acid; D009270:Naloxone
keywords: Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effect activity; Antinociceptive; Molecular docking; Pistacia integerrima; Pistagremic acid