title: Consumption of a high glycemic load but not a high glycemic index diet is marginally associated with oxidative stress in young women.
abstract: Research studies have suggested that chronic consumption of high glycemic index foods may lead to chronically high oxidative stress. This is important because oxidative stress is suspected to be an early event in the etiology of many disease processes. We hypothesized that dietary glycemic index and glycemic load were positively associated with oxidative stress assessed by plasma F2-isoprostanes in healthy, premenopausal women (body mass index [BMI] = 24.7 ± 4.8 kg/m(2) and age 25.3 ± 3.5 years, mean ± SD). We measured plasma F2-isoprostanes in 306 healthy premenopausal women at the baseline visit for the Women In Steady Exercise Research study, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Dietary glycemic index and load were calculated from the National Cancer Institute Diet History Questionnaire, and participants were divided into quartiles of dietary glycemic index and of glycemic load. Plasma F2-isoprostanes were compared across quartile groups of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load using linear regression models. Plasma F2-isoprostanes (pg/mL) increased with quartile of glycemic load (test for linear trend, P = .033), and also increased with quartile of glycemic index in participants with BMI ≥ 25 (P = .035) but not in those with BMI <25 (P = .924). After adjustment for BMI, alcohol consumption and total energy intake, both these positive trends remained marginally significant (P = .123 for quartiles of glycemic index and P = .065 for quartiles of glycemic load).
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville FL 32224, USA. Electronic address: andrea.arikawa@unf.edu.
authors.forename: Andrea Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Arikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Ave, Saint Paul MN 55108, USA.
authors.forename: Holly E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Jakits
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, University of Minnesota, 1300 South Second Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flood
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics, A-467 Mayo Building, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55407, USA.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Molecular Epidemiology and Biomarker Research Laboratory, B-204 Mayo Building, University of Minnesota 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55407, USA.
authors.forename: Myron
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 903 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Kathryn H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Ave, Saint Paul MN 55108, USA.
authors.forename: Mindy S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kurzer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D038321:Glycemic Index; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates
keywords: Glycemic index; Glycemic load; Isoprostanes; Overweight; Young women