title: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of setrobuvir, an orally administered hepatitis C virus non-nucleoside analogue inhibitor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  New antiviral agents with activity against hepatitis C virus (HCV) are needed to optimize treatment for chronic hepatitis C (CHC). We evaluated the pharmacokinetics of setrobuvir (a non-nucleoside HCV polymerase inhibitor) in healthy volunteers (study 1 & 2) and its antiviral efficacy in patients with genotype 1, noncirrhotic treatment-naive CHC (study 3).
  
  
  METHODS
  Three studies investigated the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of setrobuvir. First, sequential cohorts of volunteers were randomly assigned to receive single oral doses of setrobuvir 400 to 3000 mg or placebo in a double-blind, ascending dose study. In the second study, volunteers were randomly assigned to receive multiple doses of setrobuvir (400 or 800 mg once daily [QD] or 600 mg twice a day [BID]). In the third study, patients with genotype 1 CHC received setrobuvir (200, 400, or 800 mg) or placebo BID for 3 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After single doses of setrobuvir (400-3000 mg) to volunteers in a fasted state, peak Cmax and AUC0-∞ increased in a less than dose-proportional manner. The mean apparent t½z ranged from 22.0 to 31.3 hours and was not dose related. Cmax and AUC increased significantly (4.3- and 6.3-fold, respectively) in volunteers who received 2000 mg with a high-fat meal versus fasting. After multiple oral doses, steady state was achieved after 7 days of dosing (400 or 800 mg QD and 600 mg BID) and accumulation was dose-independent. Mean day 14 plasma exposure increased in a less than dose-proportional manner in volunteers who received 400 and 800 mg QD, but it was more than dose-proportional in volunteers receiving 600 mg BID. Dose did not affect the mean t½z (range, 24.1-26.6 hours), apparent oral clearance (0.254-0.516 L/h), or apparent volume of distribution (9.60-18.1 L). In patients with CHC, dose-related reductions in HCV RNA concentration were apparent within 24 hours of the start of treatment. Reductions from baseline to the end of treatment (day 3) in patients treated with setrobuvir 200, 400, and 800 mg BID were -2.1, -2.2, and -2.9 log10 IU/mL, respectively (vs ≤0.1 log10 IU/mL with placebo). Reductions in HCV RNA were greater in patients with genotype 1b (range, -2.7 to -3.1 log10 IU/mL) than in patients with genotype 1a (range, -1.3 to -2.7 log10 IU/mL). Setrobuvir was well tolerated, with no serious adverse events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The steady state pharmacokinetics of setrobuvir appear to be dose proportional, and setrobuvir produces a mean reduction of 2.9 log10 IU/mL in HCV RNA over 3 days in patients with genotype 1 (a and b) treated with 800 mg BID. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00782353.
authors.affiliation: Hoffmann-La Roche Inc, Nutley, New Jersey. Electronic address: navita_l.mallalieu@roche.com.
authors.forename: Navita L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Mallalieu
authors.affiliation: Anadys Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California.
authors.forename: Mohamad H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Rahimy
authors.affiliation: Anadys Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California.
authors.forename: Constance A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Crowley
authors.affiliation: Anadys Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California.
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Appleman
authors.affiliation: Hoffmann-La Roche Inc, Nutley, New Jersey.
authors.forename: Patrick F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Anadys Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California.
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Freddo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001581:Benzothiadiazines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D016174:Hepacivirus; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015363:Quinolones / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D001581:Benzothiadiazines; D015363:Quinolones; C000592794:setrobuvir
keywords: hepatitis C virus; multiple-dose; non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitor; pharmacokinetics; setrobuvir; single-dose