title: Molecular typing of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Nigeria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus including methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA) are a major concern in densely populated urban areas. Initial studies of S. aureus in Nigeria indicated existence of antibiotic-resistant S. aureus strains in clinical and community settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  73 biological samples (40 throat, 23 nasal, 10 wound) were collected from patients and healthcare workers in three populations in Nigeria: Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, and Owerri General Hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  S. aureus was isolated from 38 of 73 samples (52%). Of the 38 S. aureus samples, 9 (24%) carried the Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene (PVL) while 16 (42%) possessed methicillin resistance genes (mecA). Antibiotic susceptibility profiles indicated resistance to several broad-spectrum antibiotics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antibiotic-resistant S. aureus isolates were recovered from clinical and community settings in Nigeria. Insight about S. aureus in Nigeria may be used to improve antibiotic prescription methods and minimize the spread of antibiotic-resistant organisms in highly populated urban communities similar to Lagos, Nigeria.
authors.affiliation: Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, United States.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: O'Malley
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria.
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Emele
authors.affiliation: Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Nigeria.
authors.forename: F O
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Nwaokorie
authors.affiliation: Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Nigeria.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Idika
authors.affiliation: Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Umeizudike
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Emeka-Nwabunnia
authors.affiliation: Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, United States.
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.affiliation: Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, United States.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.affiliation: Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, United States.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Wardyn
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences, & Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Kent State University, United States. Electronic address: tsmit176@kent.edu.
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005098:Exotoxins / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007956:Leukocidins / Q000235:genetics; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D058889:Molecular Typing; D009549:Nigeria; D046915:Penicillin-Binding Proteins; D010641:Phenotype; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D013205:Staphylococcal Protein A / Q000235:genetics; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D005098:Exotoxins; D007956:Leukocidins; C078284:Panton-Valentine leukocidin; D046915:Penicillin-Binding Proteins; D013205:Staphylococcal Protein A; C487789:mecA protein, Staphylococcus aureus
keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Epidemiology; Nigeria; PVL; Staphylococcus aureus; mecA; spa typing