title: The relation between apparent diffusion coefficient and clinical stage of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The utility of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in patients with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) for distinguishing between the four clinical stages was assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-nine patients with pathologically proven RCCs (I, II, III, IV; 27, 5, 10, 7) were included. The ADC was compared between each stage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The difference of ADC between stage I and the more advanced stages (III and IV) was statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When ADC in primary tumor site of clear-cell RCC would be higher than the cutoff level, the stage might not be an advanced stage (III or IV).
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 00693-8501, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 00693-8501, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, Japan. Electronic address: yosizako@med.shimane-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshizako
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 00693-8501, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisayoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 00693-8501, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsunari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 00693-8501, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 00693-8501, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Organ Pathology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 00693-8501, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 00693-8501, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiina
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 00693-8501, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitagaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC); Clinical stage; Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging; Renal cell carcinoma