title: Cerium oxide nanoparticles alter the antioxidant capacity but do not impact tuber ionome in Raphanus sativus (L).
abstract: The effects of nCeO2 on food quality are not well known yet. This research was performed to determine the impact of nCeO2 on radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Plants were cultivated to full maturity in potting soil treated with nCeO2 at concentrations of 0, 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg. Germination, growth, photosynthesis, ionome, and antioxidants were evaluated at different growth stages. Results showed that at 500 mg/kg, nCeO2 significantly retarded seed germination but did not reduce the number of germinated seeds. None of the treatments affected gas exchange, photosynthesis, growth, phenols, flavonoids, and nutrients' accumulation in tubers and leaves of adult plants. However, tubers' antioxidant capacity, expressed as FRAP, ABTS(•-) and DPPH, increased by 30%, 32%, and 85%, respectively, in plants treated with 250 mg nCeO2kg(-1) soil. In addition, cerium accumulation in tubers of plants treated with 250 and 500 mg/kg reached 72 and 142 mg/kg d wt, respectively. This suggests that nCeO2 could improve the radical scavenging potency of radish but it might introduce nCeO2 into the food chain with unknown consequences.
authors.affiliation: The University of Texas at El Paso, Department of Chemistry, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA; Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juarez, Departamento de Química y Biología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Anillo envolvente PRONAF y Estocolmo, Ciudad Juarez, Chih 32310, Mexico.
authors.forename: Baltazar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Corral-Diaz
authors.affiliation: The University of Texas at El Paso, Department of Chemistry, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA; Environmental Science and Engineering PhD Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA; UC Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UCCEIN), The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
authors.forename: Jose R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Peralta-Videa
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juarez, Departamento de Química y Biología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Anillo envolvente PRONAF y Estocolmo, Ciudad Juarez, Chih 32310, Mexico.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Parrilla
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juarez, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Anillo envolvente PRONAF y Estocolmo, Ciudad Juarez, Chih 32310, Mexico.
authors.forename: Joaquin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodrigo-García
authors.affiliation: The University of Texas at El Paso, Department of Chemistry, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
authors.forename: Maria Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juarez, Departamento de Química y Biología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Anillo envolvente PRONAF y Estocolmo, Ciudad Juarez, Chih 32310, Mexico.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Osuna-Avila
authors.affiliation: Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center at El Paso, Texas A&M University, 1380 A&M Circle, El Paso, TX 79927, USA.
authors.forename: Genhua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: The University of Texas at El Paso, Department of Chemistry, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hernandez-Viezcas
authors.affiliation: The University of Texas at El Paso, Department of Chemistry, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA; Environmental Science and Engineering PhD Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA; UC Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UCCEIN), The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA. Electronic address: jgardea@utep.edu.
authors.forename: Jorge L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gardea-Torresdey
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002563:Cerium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D035281:Plant Tubers / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D031224:Raphanus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002563:Cerium; C030583:ceric oxide
keywords: Antioxidants; CeO(2) NPs; Flavonoids; Nutrients; Radish