title: [Effects of dexmedetomidine in conjunction with remote ischemic preconditioning on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of remote ischemic preconditioning by brief ischemia of unilateral hind limb when combined with dexmedetomidine on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by histopathology and active caspase-3 immunoreactivity in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  28 Wistar albino male rats were divided into 4 groups. Group I (Sham, n=7): Laparotomy and renal pedicle dissection were performed at 65th minute of anesthesia and the rats were observed under anesthesia for 130min. Group II (ischemia-reperfusion, n=7): At 65th minute of anesthesia bilateral renal pedicles were clamped. After 60min ischemia 24h of reperfusion was performed. Group III (ischemia-reperfusion+dexmedetomidine, n=7): At the fifth minute of reperfusion (100μg/kg intra-peritoneal) dexmedetomidine was administered with ischemia-reperfusion group. Reperfusion lasted 24h. Group IV (ischemia-reperfusion+remote ischemic preconditioning+dexmedetomidine, n=7): After laparotomy, three cycles of ischemic preconditioning (10min ischemia and 10min reperfusion) were applied to the left hind limb and after 5min with group III.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histopathological injury scores and active caspase-3 immunoreactivity were significantly lower in the Sham group compared to the other groups. Histopathological injury scores in groups III and IV were significantly lower than group II (p=0.03 and p=0.05). Active caspase-3 immunoreactivity was significantly lower in the group IV than group II (p=0.01) and there was no significant difference between group II and group III (p=0.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pharmacologic conditioning with dexmedetomidine and remote ischemic preconditioning when combined with dexmedetomidine significantly decreases renal ischemia-reperfusion injury histomorphologically. Combined use of two methods prevents apoptosis via active caspase-3.
authors.affiliation: Gordes State Hospital, Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Manisa, Turquia.
authors.forename: Emine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bagcik
authors.affiliation: Medical Faculty of 9 Eylul University, Anesthesiology and Reanimation, İzmir, Turquia.
authors.forename: Sevda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozkardesler
authors.affiliation: Medical Faculty of 9 Eylul University, Anesthesiology and Reanimation, İzmir, Turquia. Electronic address: nilayboztas@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Nilay
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Boztas
authors.affiliation: Medical Faculty of 9 Eylul University, Histology and Embryology, İzmir, Turquia.
authors.forename: Bekir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ugur Ergur
authors.affiliation: Medical Faculty of 9 Eylul University, Anesthesiology and Reanimation, İzmir, Turquia.
authors.forename: Mert
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akan
authors.affiliation: Medical Faculty of 9 Eylul University, Laboratory Animal Science, İzmir, Turquia.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guneli
authors.affiliation: Medical Faculty of 9 Eylul University, Anesthesiology and Reanimation, İzmir, Turquia.
authors.forename: Sule
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozbilgin
keywords: Apoptose; Apoptosis; Caspase‐3; Dexmedetomidina; Dexmedetomidine; Ischemia–reperfusion injury; Ischemic preconditioning; Kidney; Lesão de isquemia‐reperfusão; Pré‐condicionamento isquêmico; Rim