title: Oral Gram-negative anaerobic bacilli as a reservoir of β-lactam resistance genes facilitating infections with multiresistant bacteria.
abstract: Many β-lactamases have been described in various Gram-negative bacilli (Capnocytophaga, Prevotella, Fusobacterium, etc.) of the oral cavity, belonging to class A of the Ambler classification (CepA, CblA, CfxA, CSP-1 and TEM), class B (CfiA) or class D in Fusobacterium nucleatum (FUS-1). The minimum inhibitory concentrations of β-lactams are variable and this variation is often related to the presence of plasmids or other mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that modulate the expression of resistance genes. DNA persistence and bacterial promiscuity in oral biofilms also contribute to genetic transformation and conjugation in this particular microcosm. Overexpression of efflux pumps is facilitated because the encoding genes are located on MGEs, in some multidrug-resistant clinical isolates, similar to conjugative transposons harbouring genes encoding β-lactamases. All these facts lead us to consider the oral cavity as an important reservoir of β-lactam resistance genes and a privileged place for genetic exchange, especially in commensal strictly anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli.
authors.affiliation: CHU Pontchaillou, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Clarisse
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dupin
authors.affiliation: Equipe de Microbiologie, EA 1254, Université de Rennes 1, Université Européenne de Bretagne, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Zohreh
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tamanai-Shacoori
authors.affiliation: CHU Nice, Pôle Odontologie, Hôpital Saint-Roch, Nice, France; Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR Odontologie, 24 avenue des Diables Bleus, 06357 Nice, France.
authors.forename: Elodie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ehrmann
authors.affiliation: Equipe de Microbiologie, EA 1254, Université de Rennes 1, Université Européenne de Bretagne, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Anais
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dupont
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Frédérique
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barloy-Hubler
authors.affiliation: Equipe de Microbiologie, EA 1254, Université de Rennes 1, Université Européenne de Bretagne, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Latifa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bousarghin
authors.affiliation: CHU Pontchaillou, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes Cedex 9, France; Equipe de Microbiologie, EA 1254, Université de Rennes 1, Université Européenne de Bretagne, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonnaure-Mallet
authors.affiliation: CHU Pontchaillou, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes Cedex 9, France; Equipe de Microbiologie, EA 1254, Université de Rennes 1, Université Européenne de Bretagne, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France. Electronic address: anne.gougeon@univ-rennes1.fr.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jolivet-Gougeon
mesh_terms: D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006089:Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology*; D047090:beta-Lactams / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D047090:beta-Lactams
keywords: Biofilm; Capnocytophaga; Integron; Prevotella; cfxA; β-Lactamase