title: Do mental workload and presence experienced when driving a real car predispose drivers to simulator sickness? An exploratory study.
abstract: This study is aimed at determining whether the simulator sickness (SS) experienced by some drivers is influenced by psychological factors, such as cognitive solicitation, affective factors and a feeling of presence. We also wished to determine whether SS is caused by an individual reaction to the virtual environment (VE) itself or can be attributed to a more general personal predisposition. For this reason, we considered three conditions: driving a simulator, driving one's own vehicle and driving a school-owned vehicle. Fourteen expert drivers participated in the study. Each drove under a different experimental condition and then responded to various questionnaires (SSQ, NASA-TLX and QPF). Our results showed that it is possible to identify at least three sources of explanation of why some people are more liable to feel sick in a driving simulator.
authors.affiliation: IRCCyN (Institut de Recherche en Communications et Cybernétique de Nantes), CNRS and University of Nantes, B.P. 92101 F. 44321 Nantes Cedex 03, France. Electronic address: isabelle.milleville-pennel@irccyn.ec-nantes.fr.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Milleville-Pennel
authors.affiliation: IRCCyN (Institut de Recherche en Communications et Cybernétique de Nantes), CNRS and University of Rennes 2, France.
authors.forename: Camilo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Charron
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009041:Motion Sickness / Q000209:etiology*; D000066908:Simulation Training; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Driving simulator; Mental workload; Presence; Simulator sickness; Stress; Virtual reality