title: Intranasal deferoxamine engages multiple pathways to decrease memory loss in the APP/PS1 model of amyloid accumulation.
abstract: In addition to the hallmark accumulation of amyloid and hyper-phosphorylation of tau, brain changes in Alzheimer's disease are multifactorial including inflammation, oxidative stress, and metal dysregulation. Metal chelators have been explored as a less well known approach to treatment. One chelator currently being developed is deferoxamine (DFO), administered via the intranasal (IN) route. In the current study, APP/PS1 amyloid mice were treated with a chronic, low dose of IN DFO, subjected to a rigorous battery of behavior tests, and the mechanism of action was examined. Mice were treated 3x/week with 0.24 C IN DFO for 18 weeks from 36 to 54 weeks of age, 4 weeks of behavior tests were performed that included both working and reference memory, anxiolytic and motor behaviors, and finally brain tissues were analyzed for amyloid, protein oxidation, and other proteins affected by DFO. We found that IN DFO treatment significantly decreased loss of both reference and working memory in the Morris and radial arm water mazes (p < 0.05), and also decreased soluble Aβ40 and Aβ42 in cortex and hippocampus (p < 0.05). Further, IN DFO decreased activity of GSK3β, and led to decreases in oxidative stress (p < 0.05). These data demonstrate that low doses of IN DFO can modify several targets along the multiple pathways implicated in the neuropathology of Alzheimer's, making it an attractive candidate for the treatment of this heterogeneous disease.
authors.affiliation: Health Partners Institute for Education and Research, Center for Memory and Aging, Regions Hospital, 640 Jackson St., Saint Paul, MN, USA. Electronic address: jared.m.fine@healthpartners.com.
authors.forename: Jared M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fine
authors.affiliation: Health Partners Institute for Education and Research, Center for Memory and Aging, Regions Hospital, 640 Jackson St., Saint Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Renner
authors.affiliation: Health Partners Institute for Education and Research, Center for Memory and Aging, Regions Hospital, 640 Jackson St., Saint Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Anna C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Forsberg
authors.affiliation: Health Partners Institute for Education and Research, Center for Memory and Aging, Regions Hospital, 640 Jackson St., Saint Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.affiliation: Health Partners Institute for Education and Research, Center for Memory and Aging, Regions Hospital, 640 Jackson St., Saint Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Galick
authors.affiliation: Health Partners Institute for Education and Research, Center for Memory and Aging, Regions Hospital, 640 Jackson St., Saint Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Clint
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Le
authors.affiliation: Health Partners Institute for Education and Research, Center for Memory and Aging, Regions Hospital, 640 Jackson St., Saint Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Conway
authors.affiliation: Health Partners Institute for Education and Research, Center for Memory and Aging, Regions Hospital, 640 Jackson St., Saint Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Stroebel
authors.affiliation: Health Partners Institute for Education and Research, Center for Memory and Aging, Regions Hospital, 640 Jackson St., Saint Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Frey
authors.affiliation: Health Partners Institute for Education and Research, Center for Memory and Aging, Regions Hospital, 640 Jackson St., Saint Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Leah R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Hanson
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D000682:Amyloid / Q000378:metabolism*; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D003676:Deferoxamine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D057567:Memory, Long-Term / Q000187:drug effects; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000187:drug effects; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D053764:Presenilin-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051176:beta Catenin
chemical_list: D000682:Amyloid; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents; D053764:Presenilin-1; D051176:beta Catenin; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; C000605507:Gsk3b protein, mouse; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D003676:Deferoxamine
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Glycogen synthase kinase; Intranasal; Malondialdehyde; Oxidative stress; Radial arm water maze