title: Comprehension of direct extraction of hydrophilic antioxidants using vegetable oils by polar paradox theory and small angle X-ray scattering analysis.
abstract: Since the polar paradox theory rationalised the fact that polar antioxidants are more effective in nonpolar media, extractions of phenolic compounds in vegetable oils were inspired and achieved in this study for obtaining oils enriched in phenolic compounds. Moreover, the influence of surfactants on the extractability of phenolic compounds was experimentally studied first, followed by the small angle X-ray scattering analysis for the oil structural observation before and after extraction so as to better understand the dissolving mechanism underpinning the extraction. The results showed a significant difference on the extraction yield of phenolic compounds among oils, which was mainly dependent on their composition instead of the unsaturation of fatty acids. Appropriate surfactant additions could significantly improve extraction yield for refined sunflower oils, which 1% w/w addition of glyceryl oleate was determined as the optimal. Besides, 5% w/w addition of lecithin performed the best in oil enrichments compared with mono- and di-glycerides.
authors.affiliation: Avignon University, INRA, SQPOV, UMR408, GREEN Extraction Team, F-84000 Avignon, France.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Avignon University, INRA, SQPOV, UMR408, GREEN Extraction Team, F-84000 Avignon, France.
authors.forename: Anne Sylvie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Fabiano-Tixier
authors.affiliation: Avignon University, INRA, SQPOV, UMR408, GREEN Extraction Team, F-84000 Avignon, France.
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Oleos, 270 rue Thomas Edison, 34400 Lunel, France.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rossignol Castera
authors.affiliation: Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule, ICSM UMR 5257 (CEA/CNRS/UM2/ENSCM), 30206 Bagnols sur Cèze, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bauduin
authors.affiliation: Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule, ICSM UMR 5257 (CEA/CNRS/UM2/ENSCM), 30206 Bagnols sur Cèze, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Diat
authors.affiliation: Avignon University, INRA, SQPOV, UMR408, GREEN Extraction Team, F-84000 Avignon, France. Electronic address: Farid.Chemat@univ-avignon.fr.
authors.forename: Farid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chemat
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D053838:Scattering, Small Angle; D000074242:Sunflower Oil
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010938:Plant Oils; D000074242:Sunflower Oil
keywords: Extraction; Oil enrichment; Phenolic compounds; Polar paradox theory; Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS); Vegetable oils