title: The road user behaviour of school students in Iran.
abstract: The present study developed a Persian version of the Adolescent Road User Behaviour Questionnaire (ARBQ) and investigated the psychometric properties of the scale in a sample of school students in the province of Tehran (Iran). In total 1111 adolescents completed the Persian version of the ARBQ. Exploratory factor analysis, using the shortened 21-item version of the scale revealed the presence of three reliable factors which were also supported using confirmatory factor analysis. According to this research, engagement in dangerous playing in the road was significantly higher among males, residents of large urban areas, students from private schools, students in the south of Tehran, those who reported relatives or friends had been killed in a road crash and those with a personal history of road accidents. Moreover, older adolescents, those who reported relatives or friends having been killed in a road crash and those with a traffic accident history reported higher involvement in unsafe crossing behaviour. Females, older adolescents, residents of small urban areas, students from schools in small urban areas and those with an accident history also reported less frequent engagement in planned protective behaviours. This study confirms that the ARBQ is a useful framework for investigating adolescents' on-road behaviours in Iran. This research also showed that adolescents put themselves at risk by engaging in hazardous behaviours. As is the case in most countries, this study revealed the need for interventions, such as education and enforcement to improve the on-road safety culture amongst Iranian adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Haft Bagh Alavi Blvd., Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Nabipour
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Nouzar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakhaee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Haft Bagh Alavi Blvd., Kerman, Iran. Electronic address: n_khanjani@kmu.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Narges
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khanjani
authors.affiliation: Consultation Center, Tehran Education and Training Organization, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zirak Moradlou
authors.affiliation: Driving Research Group, Cranfield University, UK.
authors.forename: Mark J M
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sullman
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology*; D003617:Dangerous Behavior; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D010988:Play and Playthings; D011594:Psychometrics; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: ARBQ; Adolescents behaviour; Pedestrians; Psychometric assessment; Road safety