title: Selecting an optimal instrument to identify active ingredients of the motivational interviewing-process.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Motivational Interviewing (MI) can effectively stimulate motivation for health behavior change, but the active ingredients of MI are not well known. To help clinicians further stimulate motivation, they need to know the active ingredients of MI. A psychometrically sound instrument is required to identify those ingredients. The purpose of this study is to describe and evaluate the capability of existing instruments to reliably measure one or more potential active ingredients in the MI process between clients and MI-therapists.
  
  
  METHODS
  We systematically searched MedLine, Embase, Cinahl, PsycInfo, Cochrane Central, specialised websites and reference lists of selected articles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found 406 papers, 60 papers were retrieved for further evaluation, based on prespecified criteria. Seventeen instruments that were specifically designed to measure MI or aspects of MI were identified. Fifteen papers met all inclusion criteria, and reported on seven instruments that assess potential active ingredients of the interactive MI process. The capability of these instruments to measure potential active ingredients in detail and as a part of the interactive MI process varies considerably. Three of these instruments measure one or more potential active ingredients in a reliable and valid way.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To identify the potential active ingredients in the interactive MI process, a combination of the SCOPE (which measures potential technical active ingredients) and the GROMIT or the global ratings of the MISC2 (to measure potential relational ingredients) seems favourable.
authors.affiliation: Amsterdam School of Health Professions, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: j.t.p.dobber@hva.nl.
authors.forename: Jos
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dobber
authors.affiliation: Inholland University of Applied Sciences, Department of Health, Sports & Welfare, Cluster Nursing, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Parnassia Academy, The Hague, the Netherlands; VU University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, EGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Berno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van Meijel
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Emile
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barkhof
authors.affiliation: Amsterdam School of Health Professions, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wilma
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Scholte op Reimer
authors.affiliation: Amsterdam School of Health Professions, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Corine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Latour
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Linszen
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D009042:Motivation; D062405:Motivational Interviewing / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends
keywords: Motivational interviewing; Sequential coding; Therapy process