title: Mitochondrial proteolysis: its emerging roles in stress responses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mitochondria are multifunctional organelles that not only serve as cellular energy stores but are also actively involved in several cellular stress responses, including apoptosis. In addition, mitochondria themselves are also continuously challenged by stresses such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), an inevitable by-product of oxidative phosphorylation. To exert various functions against these stresses, mitochondria must be equipped with appropriate stress responses that monitor and maintain their quality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interestingly, increasing evidence indicates that mitochondrial proteolysis has important roles in mitochondrial and cellular stress responses. In this review, we summarize current advances in mitochondrial proteolysis-mediated stress responses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mitochondrial proteases do not only function as surveillance systems of protein quality control by degrading unfolded proteins but also regulate mitochondrial stress responses by processing specific mitochondrial proteins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Studies on the regulation of mitochondrial proteolysis-mediated stress responses will provide the novel mechanistic insights into the stress response research fields.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Shiori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sekine
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Electronic address: ichijo@mol.f.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ichijo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D059748:Proteolysis; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases
keywords: Mitochondria; Proteolysis; Stress responses