title: Immunotoxicity effects of carbaryl in vivo and in vitro.
abstract: Carbaryl is a pesticide for controlling pests in agricultural industry. To determine of immunotoxicity effects of carbaryl, rats were exposure with carbaryl for 28 days. The lymphoid organ weight, lymphocyte proliferation, IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-1β and TNF-α cytokines level were measured, respectively. Exposure with carbaryl significantly reduced both thymus and spleen weight and also suppressed lymphocyte proliferation. In addition, carbaryl significantly decreased IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-1β and TNF-α and also increased IL-4, IL-10 cytokines. These findings suggest that exposure to carbaryl can induce immunotoxicity effects on lymphoid organ weight, suppresses the functions of lymphocyte and macrophage, Th2 polarization in Th1/Th2 balance by reducing of IFN-γ and increasing of IL-4 and IL-10 cytokines. Therefore, carbaryl can contribute to the development of allergic, autoimmune, cancer or infection diseases through immunotoxicity effects and unbalancing of Th1/Th2 immune response however, further study is necessary.
authors.affiliation: Fatemeh Zahra Infertility Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Gholam Ali
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Jorsaraei
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
authors.forename: Ghorban
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maliji
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. Electronic address: azadmehr2014@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azadmehr
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali Akbar
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Moghadamnia
authors.affiliation: Medical School, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali Akbar
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Faraji
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D012721:Carbaryl / Q000633:toxicity*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007306:Insecticides; D012721:Carbaryl
keywords: Carbaryl; Cytokines; Immunotoxicity; Lymphocyte; Macrophage; Th1/Th2