title: Permanent polymer of drug eluting stents increases eosinophil cationic protein levels following percutaneous coronary intervention independently of C-reactive protein.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels at three time points according to different stent types.
  
  
  METHODS
  54 patients (age 64 ± 10 years, male 78%), undergoing Bare Metal Stent (BMS) (n = 11), mammalian Target Of Rapamycin (mTOR)-inhibitor DES (n = 27) and mTOR-inhibitor bioabsorbable DES (BES) (n = 16) implantation for stable angina (SA) or non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS), were prospectively enrolled. ECP and CRP serum levels were assessed before revascularization, at 1-month and at 1-year after the procedure. Moreover, 21 patients found to have inducible ischemia or angina symptoms at 6 month-stress test underwent 1-year follow-up (FU) angiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline and 1-month ECP levels were similar among the 3 groups, whilst 1-year ECP was significantly higher in m-TOR-DES [8.61 (6.55-19.77) μg/ml] compared with m-TOR-BES [2.03 (1.78-5.53) μg/ml] and BMS-treated patients [2.23 (1.45-8.95) μg/ml] (p = 0.02), without significant difference between BES and BMS. CRP was similar among the 3 groups at all time points. 1-year ECP significantly correlated with late loss in patients undergoing FU angiography (r = 0.64, p = 0.002), while CRP did not (p = NS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our finding suggests that mTOR-DES stent type is associated with an increase of ECP levels at 1-year, possibly reflecting a persistent eosinophil activation triggered by permanent polymer.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: gniccoli73@hotmail.it.
authors.forename: Giampaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Niccoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Calvieri
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minelli
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Copponi
authors.forename: Rocco A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Montone
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Rocco
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Montone
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Asiya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Imaeva
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roberto
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cosentino
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Crea
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D060050:Angina, Stable / Q000378:metabolism; D000792:Angiography; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents; D047150:Eosinophil Cationic Protein / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000473:pathology; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015415:Biomarkers; D008670:Metals; D011108:Polymers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D047150:Eosinophil Cationic Protein
keywords: Bare metal stent or drug-eluting stent; ECP; Inflammatory markers; Permanent polymer