title: Wellbeing impacts of city policies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
abstract: To mitigate climate change, city authorities are developing policies in areas such as transportation, housing and energy use, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In addition to their effects on greenhouse gas emissions, these policies are likely to have consequences for the wellbeing of their populations for example through changes in opportunities to take physical exercise. In order to explore the potential consequences for wellbeing, we first explore what 'wellbeing' is and how it can be operationalised for urban planners. In this paper, we illustrate how wellbeing can be divided into objective and subjective aspects which can be measured quantitatively; our review of measures informs the development of a theoretical model linking wellbeing to policies which cities use to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Finally, we discuss the extent to which the links proposed in the conceptual model are supported by the literature and how cities can assess wellbeing implications of policies.
authors.affiliation: School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Clifton, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK. r.hiscock@bristol.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hiscock
authors.affiliation: Bonn Office, WHO European Centre for Environment and Health, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 1, 53113 Bonn, Germany. mudup@ecehbonn.euro.who.int.
authors.forename: Pierpaolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mudu
authors.affiliation: Bonn Office, WHO European Centre for Environment and Health, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 1, 53113 Bonn, Germany. mbr@ecehbonn.euro.who.int.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Braubach
authors.affiliation: Bonn Office, WHO European Centre for Environment and Health, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 1, 53113 Bonn, Germany. martuzzim@ecehbonn.euro.who.int.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martuzzi
authors.affiliation: Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstr. 57, Basel 4051, Switzerland. l.perez@unibas.ch.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.affiliation: School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Clifton, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK. c.sabel@bristol.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Clive
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sabel
mesh_terms: D000397:Air Pollution / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D002947:Cities; D057231:Climate Change; D003246:Conservation of Energy Resources / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D011640:Public Policy; D059205:Renewable Energy