title: Postnatal weight growth and trihalomethane exposure during pregnancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Impaired postnatal growth after chloroform exposure in utero has been observed in rodents without an effect on birth weight. We aimed to study the relationship between exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) during pregnancy and postnatal weight growth during infancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed 2216 mother-child pairs recruited in Gipuzkoa, Sabadell, Valencia (Spain, INMA Project, enrollment: 2003-2008) and Crete (Greece, RHEA Study, enrollment: 2007-2008). Drinking water habits and water-related activities ascertained through personal interviews were combined with THM measurements in drinking water to estimate THM exposure through different exposure routes during pregnancy. Weight measurements during the first year of life were used to fit postnatal weight growth curves from birth to one year and to predict weight at six months. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between six months weight gain and interquartile range (IQR) increase in THM exposure adjusting for confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average weight gain at six months ranged from 4325 g (Gipuzkoa) to 4668 g (Crete). Median residential THM levels ranged from 1 μg/l (Crete) to 117 μg/l (Sabadell). No significant association was observed overall (-24.4 g [95% CI -78.8, 30.0] for an IQR increase in total residential uptake). A negative relationship was observed in Sabadell (-148 g [95% CI -282, -13.7]) for an IQR increase in ingestion THM uptake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No consistent evidence of an association between THM exposure during pregnancy and postnatal growth was observed. The novelty of the hypothesis and the negative trend observed in the region with the highest levels warrants the replication in future studies.
authors.affiliation: Inserm, UMR-S1018, CESP, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Epidemiology of diabetes, obesity and chronic kidney disease over the lifecourse Team, Villejuif, France; University Paris Sud, Faculty of Pharmacy, Châtenay-Malabry, France; Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: jeremie.botton@inserm.fr.
authors.forename: Jérémie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Botton
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Manolis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kogevinas
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gracia-Lavedan
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Greece; Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Evridiki
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Patelarou
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: Theano
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roumeliotaki
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Centre for Public Health Research (CSISP-FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iñiguez
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Subdirección de Salud Pública de Gipuzkoa, Spain; BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain.
authors.forename: Loreto
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santa Marina
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Subdirección de Salud Pública de Gipuzkoa, Spain; BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ibarluzea
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Centre for Public Health Research (CSISP-FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Ferran
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ballester
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mendez
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: Leda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chatzi
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sunyer
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Villanueva
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006128:Growth; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D011247:Pregnancy; D022882:Trihalomethanes / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D022882:Trihalomethanes
keywords: Cohort study; Disinfection by-products; Epidemiology; Infancy; Postnatal growth; Pregnancy; Trihalomethanes; Water pollution; Weight