title: Concentrations of environmental phenols and parabens in milk, urine and serum of lactating North Carolina women.
abstract: Phenols and parabens show some evidence for endocrine disruption in laboratory animals. The goal of the Methods Advancement for Milk Analysis (MAMA) Study was to develop or adapt methods to measure parabens (methyl, ethyl, butyl, propyl) and phenols (bisphenol A (BPA), 2,4- and 2,5-dichlorophenol, benzophenone-3, triclosan) in urine, milk and serum twice during lactation, to compare concentrations across matrices and with endogenous biomarkers among 34 North Carolina women. These non-persistent chemicals were detected in most urine samples (53-100%) and less frequently in milk or serum; concentrations differed by matrix. Although urinary parabens, triclosan and dichlorophenols concentrations correlated significantly at two time points, those of BPA and benzophenone-3 did not, suggesting considerable variability in those exposures. These pilot data suggest that nursing mothers are exposed to phenols and parabens; urine is the best measurement matrix; and correlations between chemical and endogenous immune-related biomarkers merit further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, RTP, NC. Electronic address: hines.erin@epa.gov.
authors.forename: Erin P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Hines
authors.affiliation: Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD. Electronic address: pauline.mendola@nih.gov.
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mendola
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA. Electronic address: ovehren@ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Ondine S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: von Ehrenstein
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Electronic address: xay5@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Xiaoyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Electronic address: aic7@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Antonia M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Calafat
authors.affiliation: Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, RTP, NC. Electronic address: fentonse@niehs.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Suzanne E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Fenton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001822:Body Burden; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007774:Lactation / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000378:metabolism*; D009657:North Carolina; D010226:Parabens / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010636:Phenols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D010865:Pilot Projects; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010226:Parabens; D010636:Phenols
keywords: BPA; Biomonitoring; Breast milk; Lactation; MAMA Study; Parabens phenols; Serum; Urine