title: Association of arteriosclerosis index and oxidative stress markers in school children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent years have seen increased numbers of children with conditions that contribute strongly to atherosclerotic disease, such as passive smoking, obesity, and dyslipidemia. In the present study, we evaluated the utility of non-invasive urinary markers in preventing lifestyle-related diseases by comparing lipid metabolism-related parameters with oxidative stress markers in school children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 85 first-grade students. The variables examined included the smoking in subjects' household; exercise habits; height and weight; blood pressure; and plasma total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, leptin, blood sugar, urinary cotinine, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and 8-isoprostaglandin F2α (IsoP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the subjects, 10.6% were obese (% overweight ≥ 20%), 3.5% had a high-risk arteriosclerosis index (AI; 3 ≤ AI < 5), and 29.4% were passive smokers. No significant differences were seen between boys and girls for any of the measurement parameters. Both urinary 8-OHdG (6.8-24.5 ng/mg creatinine) and IsoP (0.9-7.4 ng/mg creatinine) were detected in all subjects, and a significant positive correlation was seen between the two markers. On multiple regression analysis using AI as an objective variable and all non-invasive markers as explanatory variables, urinary IsoP correlated most strongly with AI (P ≤ 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Risk factors for atherosclerosis in adults, such as obesity and hypercholesterolemia, are associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. The present findings of the strongest correlation between urinary IsoP and AI suggest that urinary IsoP may serve as a non-invasive and effective early marker in predicting risk in children of developing lifestyle-related diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamano
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Studies, Division of Child Studies, Seitoku University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Sanpei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyakawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakadate
mesh_terms: D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012574:Schools
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008055:Lipids; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D015237:Dinoprost
keywords: 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine; 8-isoprostaglandin F2α; arteriosclerosis index; oxidative stress marker; school children