title: Characterization and biological effects of two polysaccharides isolated from Acanthopanax sciadophylloides.
abstract: Two polysaccharides abbreviated ANP and AAP were isolated from the young buds of Acanthopanax sciadophylloides. ANP consisted of L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-glucose and D-galactose in a ratio of ca 1.0:2.6:2.5:1.4 and its weight average molecular weight (Mw) was 1.07×10(4). AAP consisted of L-arabinose, D-galactose and 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid in a ratio of ca 5:10:1, and its Mw was estimated to be 8.40×10(4). ANP was suggested to be an acetylated heteropolysaccharide, whereas AAP was speculated to be a type II arabinogalactan on the basis of structural analysis data. Both polysaccharides were found to stimulate NO production and induce the expression of cytokine mRNAs including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α on RAW264.7 cells. They also induced NF-κB activation in RAW-Blue cells. NO production and NF-κB activation by both polysaccharides were decreased by pretreatment with neutralizing anti-TLR-4 and anti-CD14 antibodies but not with anti-TLR-2, anti-SR-A, anti-CD11c, and anti-Dectin-1 antibodies. Therefore, these immunostimulating effects of ANP and AAP were suggested to be promoted by the interaction through the membrane receptors, TLR-4 and CD14. In addition to immunomodulating effects, ANP showed anti-HSV-2 effects in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan. Electronic address: lee@pha.u-toyama.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Jung-Bum
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanikawa
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: Yamagata Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-6-6 Tokamachi, Yamagata, Yamagata 990-0031, Japan.
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asagi
authors.affiliation: Yamagata Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-6-6 Tokamachi, Yamagata, Yamagata 990-0031, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshimasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kasahara
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshimitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D028001:Eleutherococcus / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000188:drug therapy; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000187:drug effects*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011134:Polysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D009569:Nitric Oxide
keywords: Acanthopanax sciadophylloides; Anti-herpetic activity; Immunostimulation; Polysaccharide