title: Gallic acid inhibits vascular calcification through the blockade of BMP2-Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway.
abstract: Vascular calcification is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney diseases, and diabetes. Gallic acid, a natural compound found in gallnut and green tea, is known to be antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer. Here we investigated the effect of gallic acid on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification and the underlying mechanism. Gallic acid inhibited inorganic phosphate-induced osteoblast differentiation markers as well as calcification phenotypes (as determined by calcium deposition, Alizarin Red, and Von Kossa staining). Knockdown of BMP2 or Noggin blocked phosphate-induced calcification. Gallic acid suppressed phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 protein induced by inorganic phosphate. Taken together, we suggest that gallic acid acts as a novel therapeutic agent of vascular calcification by mediating BMP2-Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: sshjkee@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Hae Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kee
authors.affiliation: Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soo-Na
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Gwi Ran
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sin Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yuhee
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: In Kyeom
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Joon
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Wook
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Youngkeun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Gwan
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Chun
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: myungho@chollian.net.
authors.forename: Myung Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Jeong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000187:drug effects; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D051785:Smad Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D061205:Vascular Calcification / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: C525720:Bmp2 protein, rat; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D051785:Smad Proteins; D005707:Gallic Acid
keywords: BMP2; Gallic acid; Noggin; Smad1/5/8 signaling; Vascular calcification