title: Does objectively assessed sleep at five years predict sleep and psychological functioning at 14 years? - Hmm, yes and no!
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We tested the hypothesis that objectively assessed sleep at kindergarten level predicts sleep and psychological functioning in adolescence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven adolescents aged 14 years (SD = 1.3), of 67 participants assessed as preschoolers, took part in a follow-up study nine years later. Participants completed a series of questionnaires related to sleep and psychological functioning. Sleep-EEG clusters of poor, normal and good sleepers assessed as children nine years earlier were used as predictors for subjective sleep and psychological functioning in adolescence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the age of 14, those who were normal and good sleepers rather than poor sleepers at the age of five had more positive psychological functioning on dimensions including mental toughness, peer relationship, self-esteem, and perceived stress, but did not differ in current sleep patterns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Objectively assessed sleep patterns at the age of five are predictive of aspects of psychological functioning during adolescence.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Sport Science Section, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: serge.brand@upkbs.ch.
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brand
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Services Solothurn, Department of Adult Psychiatry, Solothurn, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hatzinger
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stadler
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Margarete
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bolten
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: von Wyl
authors.affiliation: Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perren
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: von Klitzing
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stadelmann
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Holsboer-Trachsler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001526:Behavioral Symptoms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012649:Self Concept; D057566:Self Report; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Adolescence; Childhood; Longitudinal study; Prediction; Psychological functioning; Sleep