title: Indoor particulate matter in four Belgian heritage sites: case studies on the deposition of dark-colored and hygroscopic particles.
abstract: Atmospheric total suspended particulate (TSP) was passively sampled by means of deployed horizontal and vertical filters in various rooms of four Belgian cultural heritage buildings, installed with various heating/ventilation systems. Soiling/blackening and deposition of inorganic, water-soluble aerosol components were considered. The extent of soiling was determined by means of two independent methods: (1) in terms of the covering rate of the samplers by optical reflection microscopy and (2) the reduction in lightness of the samplers using the CIE L*a*b* color space by spectrophotometry. A fairly good correlation was found between both methods. The inorganic composition of the deposited water-soluble TSP was quantified by means of ion chromatography. Compared to controlled environments, uncontrolled environments showed increased water-soluble aerosol content of the total deposited mass. Higher chloride deposition was observed on horizontal surfaces, compared to vertical surfaces.
authors.affiliation: AXES Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium. Electronic address: willemien.anaf@uantwerpen.be.
authors.forename: Willemien
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Anaf
authors.affiliation: Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Science, Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: bencs.laszlo@wigner.mta.hu.
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bencs
authors.affiliation: AXES Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium. Electronic address: rene.vangrieken@uantwerpen.be.
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Van Grieken
authors.affiliation: AXES Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium. Electronic address: koen.janssens@uantwerpen.be.
authors.forename: Koen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Janssens
authors.affiliation: AXES Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium. Electronic address: karolien.dewael@uantwerpen.be.
authors.forename: Karolien
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: De Wael
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000032:analysis; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001530:Belgium; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006361:Heating; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D014691:Ventilation
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: Deposition; Indoor air quality; Museum; Particulate matter; Preventive conservation