title: Ontogeny and reproductive biology of Diadegma semiclausum (Hym.: Ichneumonidae), a larval endoparasitoid of Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (Lep.: Plutellidae).
abstract: In this article, the ontogeny and reproductive biology of Diadegma semiclausum (Hym.: Ichneumonidae), an important parasitoid of Plutella xylostella (Lep.: Plutellidae) are described in detail. We did dissect parasitized P. xylostella larvae in phosphate-buffered saline and determine the external morphology of its parasitoid at all developmental stages. The developmental duration of its immature stages, adult longevity, total oviposition period and fecundity of the parasitoid are determined at 24 ± 1 °C, 65  ±  5% R.H., and a photoperiod of 16:8 h L:D. The mean duration of egg and larval stages is 9.56 days and the prepupa and pupa stages last for 8.27 days. In average, female longevity is 1.31 times longer than that of males, and females lay 300 eggs in total. The peak of D. semiclausum oviposition is on the eighth day after mating. The egg loading pattern of D. semiclausum was investigated to determine the parasitoid 'ovigeny index' throughout the female's parasitoid lifetime. Initial egg load in immature females (<2 h age) is 1.45 per female and the mean lifetime potential fecundity (total immature and mature oocytes), at four interval ages, is 34. With an ovigeny index value of 0.038, D. semiclausum is considered moderately to strongly synovigenic. In the absence of the host, after 3 days, the number of eggs is decreased in D. semiclausum. Our results demonstrated that there is a negative relation between the ovigeny index and egg resorption in this parasitoid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, PO Box, 4111, Karaj, 31587-11167, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid-Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Pourian
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, PO Box, 4111, Karaj, 31587-11167, Iran. Electronic address: rtalaei@ut.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Talaei-Hassanloui
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, PO Box, 4111, Karaj, 31587-11167, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ashouri
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection, East-Azarbaijan Research Centre for Agriculture and Natural Resources, PO Box, 5355179854, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein-Ali
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Lotfalizadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, PO Box, 4111, Karaj, 31587-11167, Iran.
authors.forename: Jamasb
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nozari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006927:Hymenoptera / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D007814:Larva; D008136:Longevity; D008297:Male; D009036:Moths / Q000469:parasitology*; D010058:Oviposition; D012098:Reproduction; D012737:Sex Factors
keywords: Developmental duration; Diadegma semiclausum; Longevity; Oosorption; Ovigeny index; Oviposition performance