title: Hydrogen from ethanol reforming with aqueous fraction of pine pyrolysis oil with and without chemical looping.
abstract: Reforming ethanol ('EtOH') into hydrogen rich syngas using the aqueous fraction from pine bio-oil ('AQ') as a combined source of steam and supplementary organic feed was tested in packed bed with Ni-catalysts 'A' (18wt%/α-Al2O3) and 'B' (25wt%/γ-Al2O3). The catalysts were initially pre-reduced by H2, but this was followed by a few cycles of chemical looping steam reforming, where the catalysts were in turn oxidised in air and auto-reduced by the EtOH/AQ mixture. At 600°C, EtOH/AQ reformed similarly to ethanol for molar steam to carbon ratios (S/C) between 2 and 5 on the H2-reduced catalysts. At S/C of 3.3, 90% of the carbon feed converted on catalyst A to CO2 (58%), CO (30%) and CH4 (2.7%), with 17wt% H2 yield based on dry organic feedstock, equivalent to 78% of the equilibrium value. Catalyst A maintained these outputs for four cycles while B underperformed due to partial reduction.
authors.affiliation: Energy Research Institute, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
authors.forename: R Md
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Zin
authors.affiliation: Energy Research Institute, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.affiliation: Energy Research Institute, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Energy Research Institute, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dupont
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels; D002384:Catalysis; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000737:chemistry*; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D028223:Pinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D014867:Water; D000431:Ethanol; D009532:Nickel; D006859:Hydrogen; C028007:nickel monoxide; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Bio-oil aqueous fraction; Chemical looping; Ethanol; Hydrogen; Reforming