title: Protective effect of Satureja montana extract on cyclophosphamide-induced testicular injury in rats.
abstract: The present study investigated the protective effect of Satureja montana extract against cyclophosphamide-induced testicular injury in rats. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract were 1.03% and 0.34%w/w of dry herb expressed as chlorogenic acid and quercetin, respectively. HPLC analysis identified caffeic, syringic and rosmarinic acids as the chief phenolic acids, and rutin as the major flavonoid in the extract. Oral daily administration of S.montana extract (50mg/kg/day) for 7days before and 7days after an intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (200mg/kg) restored the reduced relative testicular weight, serum testosterone level and testicular alkaline phosphatase activity, raised the lowered testicular sorbitol dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase activities, and decreased the elevated testicular hemoglobin absorbance. It also attenuated lipid peroxidation, restored the lowered glutathione content, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities, and improved total antioxidant capacity. Moreover, S.montana extract mitigated testicular DNA fragmentation, decreased the elevated Fas and Bax gene expression, up-regulated the decreased Bcl-2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) gene expression and normalized Akt1 protein level. Histopathological investigation confirmed the protective effects of the extract. Conclusively, S.montana extract protects the rat testis against cyclophosphamide-induced damage via anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic mechanisms that seem to be mediated, at least in part, by PPAR-γ and Akt1 up-regulation.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
authors.forename: Azza M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abd El Tawab
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt. Electronic address: nancyshahin@aol.com.
authors.forename: Nancy N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Shahin
authors.affiliation: Phytochemistry Department, National Research Center, P.C. (12622), Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mona M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: AbdelMohsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000032:analysis; D019298:Glucose-6-Phosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D031362:Satureja / Q000737:chemistry*; D013733:Testicular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D013739:Testosterone / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; D013739:Testosterone; D019298:Glucose-6-Phosphate; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Akt1; Apoptosis; Cyclophosphamide; Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma; Satureja montana extract; Testis