title: Antibiotic Resistance Related to Biofilm Formation in Klebsiella pneumoniae.
abstract: The Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, Klebsiella pneumoniae, is responsible for causing a spectrum of community-acquired and nosocomial infections and typically infects patients with indwelling medical devices, especially urinary catheters, on which this microorganism is able to grow as a biofilm. The increasingly frequent acquisition of antibiotic resistance by K. pneumoniae strains has given rise to a global spread of this multidrug-resistant pathogen, mostly at the hospital level. This scenario is exacerbated when it is noted that intrinsic resistance to antimicrobial agents dramatically increases when K. pneumoniae strains grow as a biofilm. This review will summarize the findings about the antibiotic resistance related to biofilm formation in K. pneumoniae.
authors.affiliation: Microbial Biofilm Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome 00179, Italy. c.vuotto@hsantalucia.it.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vuotto
authors.affiliation: Microbial Biofilm Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome 00179, Italy. f-longo@hotmail.it.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.affiliation: Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome 00179, Italy. mp.balice@hsantalucia.it.
authors.forename: Maria Pia
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Balice
authors.affiliation: Microbial Biofilm Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome 00179, Italy. g.donelli@hsantalucia.it.
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Donelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Microbiology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60126, Italy. pe.varaldo@univpm.it.
authors.forename: Pietro E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Varaldo