title: Effect of ultrasonic frequency and power on the disruption of algal cells.
abstract: In this work the effect of ultrasonic waves on suspensions of Chlamydomonas concordia and Dunaliella salina have been investigated at frequencies of 20, 585, 864 and 1146 kHz and at different acoustic powers. Results showed that the reduction in algal numbers was dependent on both frequency and acoustic power. The order of efficiency of the ultrasonic disruption of C. concordia at different frequencies was 20 < 580 < 864 < 1146 kHz, and for D. salina was 20< 580 ≅ 864 ⩽ 1146 kHz. It is clear that high-frequency sonication is more effective than conventional low-frequency sonication for the disruption of cells for both species. Results showed that suitable disruption frequencies for each algae were associated with the mechanical properties of the cell. The frequency dependence of the efficiency of algae disruption on the mechanical resonances of both the algae cell is discussed in terms of bubble oscillation in an ultrasonic field.
authors.affiliation: Department Pure and Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering Science, Kansai University, Osaka 564-8680, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: The Sonochemistry Centre, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Patrick M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: The Sonochemistry Centre, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Xiaoge
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: The Sonochemistry Centre, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.affiliation: The Sonochemistry Centre, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Eadaoin M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Joyce
mesh_terms: D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000502:physiology*; D013010:Sonication / Q000379:methods*; D013045:Species Specificity; D000069453:Ultrasonic Waves
keywords: Algae; Cavitation; Disruption; High frequency sonication