title: A new comprehensive index for discriminating adulteration in bovine raw milk.
abstract: This paper proposes a new comprehensive index, called Q, which can effectively discriminate artificial adulterated milk from unadulterated milk. Both normal and adulterated samples of bovine raw milk were analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic instrument to measure the traditional indices of quality, including fat (FAT), protein (PRO), lactose (LAC), total solids (TS), non-fat solid (NFS), freezing point (FP) and somatic cell counts (SCC). From these traditional indices, this paper elaborates a method to build the index Q. First, correlated analysis and principle component analysis were used to select parameter pairs TS-FAT and FP-LAC as predominant variables. Second, linear-regression analysis and residual analysis are applied to determine the index Q and its discriminating ranges. The verification and two-blind trial results suggested that index Q could accurately detect milk adulteration with maltodextrin and water (as low as 1.0% of adulteration proportions), and with other nine kinds of synthetic adulterants (as low as 0.5% of adulteration proportions).
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Ministry of Science & Technology, Shanghai, PR China; Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Ministry of Science & Technology, Shanghai, PR China; Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, PR China. Electronic address: renjing@brightdairy.com.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Ministry of Science & Technology, Shanghai, PR China; Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhen-Min
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Ministry of Science & Technology, Shanghai, PR China; Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, PR China. Electronic address: gbhbrightdairy@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ben-Heng
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods
keywords: Adulteration; Index; Multivariate analysis; Raw milk