title: Two novel compounds of vanadium and molybdenum with carnitine exhibiting potential pharmacological use.
abstract: The reaction of sodium orthovanadate with carnitine hydrochloride molecule results in the precipitation of decavanadate compound of carnitine whereas the reaction of metallic molybdenum with hydrogen peroxide and carnitine results in the peroxo-molybdenum complex of carnitine. The decavanadate compound as well as the molybdenum complex of carnitine have been characterized by means of elemental analysis, IR, electronic spectra, (1)H NMR, 2D-COSY-NMR (=correlation spectroscopy) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). In addition decavanadate compound of carnitine was fully characterized by X-ray crystallography. The analytical data were in good agreement with the empirical formulae of both, decavanadate compound and molybdenum complex. The two compounds were also evaluated for cell toxicity and their anticancer activity by the MTT(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide)-based assay method, using primary cells and tumor cell lines of both human and murine origins and the results show that compound 1 shows an increased biological activity in comparison with compound 2. Moreover using confocal microscopy and antibodies against cleaved caspase 3 we further analyzed the cell toxicity and we conclude that the apoptotic pathway is triggered efficiently with tumor specificity by compound 1 and not by compound 2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zographou, GR-15701 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Anastasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galani
authors.affiliation: Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zographou, GR-15701 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Vassilis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tsitsias
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stellas
authors.affiliation: Institute of Advanced Materials, Physicochemical Processes, Nanotechnology and Microsystems, Department of Materials Science, NCSR 'Demokritos', GR-15310 Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Greece.
authors.forename: Vassilis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Psycharis
authors.affiliation: Institute of Advanced Materials, Physicochemical Processes, Nanotechnology and Microsystems, Department of Materials Science, NCSR 'Demokritos', GR-15310 Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Greece.
authors.forename: Catherine P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Raptopoulou
authors.affiliation: Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zographou, GR-15701 Athens, Greece. Electronic address: alkaraliota@yahoo.gr.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karaliota
mesh_terms: D000072283:A549 Cells; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002331:Carnitine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D056831:Coordination Complexes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008982:Molybdenum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D014639:Vanadium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D056831:Coordination Complexes; D014639:Vanadium; D008982:Molybdenum; D002331:Carnitine
keywords: COSY-NMR; Cancer; Carnitine; Decavanadate; Peroxo-molybdenum; Toxicity