title: High iron level in early pregnancy increased glucose intolerance.
abstract: High iron stores in pregnancy are essential in preventing negative outcomes for both infants and mothers; however the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) might also be increased. We intend to study the relationship between increased iron stores in early pregnancy and the risk of glucose intolerance and GDM. This prospective, observational, single-hospital study involved 104 non-anemic pregnant women, divided into 4 groups based on the quartile values for ferritin at the first trimester of pregnancy. All participants were screened for GDM with 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24-28 weeks' gestation. We observed that ferritin levels at early pregnancy were significantly correlated to glucose level after OGTT at 1-h and 2-h (rho=0.21, p<0.05; rho=0.43, p<0.001 respectively). Furthermore, in the higher quartile for ferritin (>38.8μg/L) glycemia at 2-h OGTT was significantly higher than in the others quartiles (p=0.002). In multivariate regression analysis, serum ferritin was a significant determinant of glycemia at 2-h OGTT. Although we did not find a significant association in the incidence of GDM in women with higher serum ferritin levels, probably in reason to the limit power of our study, our data demonstrated that the role of iron excess is tightly involved in the pathogenesis of glucose intolerance. We report for the first time that high ferritin values in early pregnancy are predictors of impaired glucose tolerance in non-anemic women. Individual iron supplementation should be evaluated in order to minimize glucose impairment risk in women with high risk of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Campus Rafic Hariri, Hadath, Lebanon. Electronic address: salamzein@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Salam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zein
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Campus Rafic Hariri, Hadath, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Samar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rachidi
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Campus Rafic Hariri, Hadath, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Sanaa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Awada
authors.affiliation: Université Joseph Fourier, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée, INSERM U1055, Grenoble Cedex 09 F-38041, France.
authors.forename: Mireille
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Campus Rafic Hariri, Hadath, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Amal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Hajje
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Bahman Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shami
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Bahman Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Iman
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sharara
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Bahman Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Khawla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cheikh-Ali
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Campus Rafic Hariri, Hadath, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salameh
authors.affiliation: Université Joseph Fourier, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée, INSERM U1055, Grenoble Cedex 09 F-38041, France. Electronic address: isabelle.hininger@ujf-grenoble.fr.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hininger-Favier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D005865:Gestational Age; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron
keywords: Ferritin; Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM); Glucose intolerance