title: Natural attenuation of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene in shallow aquifer at the Luhuagang's landfill site, Kaifeng, China.
abstract: The natural attenuation of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-TCB) in shallow aquifer was investigated at the Luhuagang's landfill site (LLS), where the subsoil and shallow aquifer have been contaminated by certain chemicals owning to a lack of protective structures and leachate collection systems. Batch natural attenuation experiments and molecular biology experiments were conducted to study the natural attenuation characteristics of 1,2,4-TCB, the relative contributions of the primary natural attenuation processes and the functional microorganisms degrading 1,2,4-TCB, respectively. The results indicated that the relationship between degradation rate and 1,2,4-TCB concentrations was in line with first-order decay kinetics, and the natural attenuation rate of 1,2,4-TCB in the three media followed the order silt>fine sand>medium sand, which was related to the size of the media and the microbial population. The relative contribution of adsorption to natural attenuation was 97.7%, 98.2%, and 95.7% in unsterilized silt, fine sand and medium sand, respectively, and that of biodegradation was 2.3%, 1.8%, and 4.3%, respectively. These properties are related to the characteristics of the pollutants and the specific conditions at the contaminated sites, such as the characteristics of the aquifer media and microbial communities. The functional microorganisms degrading 1,2,4-TCB at the site were proved to be primarily Pseudomonas sp. This study indicates the feasibility of bioremediation (bioaugmentation and biostimulation) by indigenous microorganisms to treat 1,2,4-TCB contamination at the site.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education/College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China. Electronic address: dongweihong@jlu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wei Hong
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education/College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education/College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
authors.forename: Xue Yu
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Earth Geological Disaster, Ministry of Land and Resources Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210018, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Hudon Desbiens St-Germain Environnement Inc., Montreal, QC H3C 1L9, Canada.
authors.forename: Aboubacar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tabouré
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002681:China; D002722:Chlorobenzenes / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D060587:Groundwater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002722:Chlorobenzenes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C009947:1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
keywords: 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene; Biodegradation; Functional microorganisms; Landfill; Natural attenuation