title: Arthroscopic management of chronic unstable scaphoid nonunions: effects on restoration of carpal alignment and recovery of wrist function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of arthroscopically assisted reduction and osteosynthesis on restoration of carpal alignment and recovery of clinical wrist function in patients with unstable scaphoid nonunion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six patients who underwent arthroscopically assisted osteosynthesis with or without bone grafting for unstable scaphoid nonunion between July 2006 and January 2012 were enrolled. The average time from injury to surgery was 51 ± 78.3 months. Radiographic and clinical evaluations were assessed on preoperative and postoperative days, and follow-up evaluation took place at a minimum of 24 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Union was achieved in 86% (31 of 36) of patients at a mean of 11 ± 2.7 weeks. Scaphoid axial length (SAL), lateral intrascaphoid angle (ISA), scapholunate angle (SLA), and reversed carpal height ratio (CHR) was significantly improved after surgery, and those correction ratios averaged 66% ± 46.8%, 74% ± 58.2%, 81% ± 59.8%%, and 94% ± 46%, respectively. The range of wrist motion was unchanged after surgery, but the grip strength improved from 74% ± 22.1% preoperatively to 89% ± 13.7% postoperatively compared with the contralateral side (P = .042). Mean Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) and Patient-Related Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) scores improved significantly (P < .001) from 44 and 51 preoperatively to 13 and 23 postoperatively, respectively. The radiological parameters of the scaphoid and carpal alignment in patients who achieved bony union did not correlate with clinical wrist function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Arthroscopic reduction and osteosynthesis of chronic unstable scaphoid nonunion is limited for restoration of normal carpal alignment but has positive effects on the recovery of clinical wrist function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level IV, therapeutic case series.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Department of Kinesiology and Medical Science, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kimjp@dankook.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jong Pil
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Department of Kinesiology and Medical Science, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joong Bae
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Department of Kinesiology and Medical Science, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jee Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001182:Arthroscopy; D017760:Bone Malalignment / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D005599:Fractures, Ununited / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D020127:Recovery of Function; D021361:Scaphoid Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D014954:Wrist Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult