title: Effect of grape bunch sunlight exposure and UV radiation on phenolics and volatile composition of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir wine.
abstract: The effect of canopy leaf removal and ultraviolet (UV) on Pinot noir grape and wine composition was investigated in this study. Limited basal leaf removal in the fruit zone was conducted, compared to shaded bunches. The UV exposure was controlled using polycarbonate screens to block UV radiation, and acrylic screens to pass the UV. The results showed that bunch sunlight and UV exposure significantly increased the Brix and pH in the grape juice, and increased substantially wine colour density, anthocyanins, total pigment, total phenolics and tannin content. Bunch sunlight and UV exposure affected terpene alcohols, C13-norisprenoids and other volatile composition of the wine differently. Sunlight exposure and UV resulted in increase of nerol, geraniol and citronellol but not linalool. Sunlight exposure slightly increased the concentration of β-ionone, but the increase was not statistically significant for UV treatment. Neither sunlight nor UV treatment showed any impact on the concentration of β-damascenone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science & Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Jianqiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Smart Viticulture, 31 North Corner, Newlyn, Cornwall TR185JG, UK.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smart
authors.affiliation: College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Australian Wine Research Institute and Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, PO Box 98, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
authors.forename: Bob
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dambergs
authors.affiliation: Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, Perennial Horticulture Centre, PO Box 46, Kings Meadows, 7249 Tasmania, Australia.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sparrow
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science & Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. Electronic address: Michael.qian@oregonstate.edu.
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Qian
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis; D003116:Color; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects; D045792:Norisoprenoids / Q000032:analysis; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D013472:Sunlight; D013634:Tannins / Q000032:analysis; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D027843:Vitis / Q000254:growth & development*; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D045792:Norisoprenoids; D010636:Phenols; D013634:Tannins; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; C008157:beta-ionone; C075388:beta-damascenone
keywords: C(13)-norisoprenoids; Pinot noir wine; Sunlight exposure; Terpene alcohols; Ultraviolet (UV) radiation; Wine phenolics