title: The effects of LED illumination spectra and intensity on carotenoid content in Brassicaceae microgreens.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of irradiance levels and spectra produced by solid-state light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on carotenoid content and composition changes in Brassicaceae microgreens. A system of five high-power, solid-state lighting modules with standard 447-, 638-, 665-, and 731-nm LEDs was used in the experiments. Two experiments were performed: (1) evaluation of LED irradiance levels of 545, 440, 330, 220, and 110 μmol m(-2) s(-1) photosynthetically active flux density (PPFD) and (2) evaluation of the effects of 520-, 595-, and 622-nm LEDs supplemental to the standard set of LEDs. Concentrations of various carotenoids in red pak choi and tatsoi were higher under illumination of 330-440 μmol m(-2) s(-1) and at 110-220 μmol m(-2) s(-1) in mustard. All supplemental wavelengths increased total carotenoid content in mustard but decreased it in red pak choi. Carotenoid content increased in tatsoi under supplemental yellow light.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kaunas Str. 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Kaunas Distr., Lithuania. Electronic address: a.brazaityte@lsdi.lt.
authors.forename: Aušra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brazaitytė
authors.affiliation: Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kaunas Str. 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Kaunas Distr., Lithuania.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakalauskienė
authors.affiliation: Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kaunas Str. 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Kaunas Distr., Lithuania.
authors.forename: Giedrė
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Samuolienė
authors.affiliation: Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kaunas Str. 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Kaunas Distr., Lithuania.
authors.forename: Julė
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jankauskienė
authors.affiliation: Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kaunas Str. 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Kaunas Distr., Lithuania.
authors.forename: Akvilė
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Viršilė
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Research, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 9-III, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Algirdas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Novičkovas
authors.affiliation: Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kaunas Str. 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Kaunas Distr., Lithuania.
authors.forename: Ramūnas
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sirtautas
authors.affiliation: Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kaunas Str. 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Kaunas Distr., Lithuania.
authors.forename: Jurga
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miliauskienė
authors.affiliation: Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kaunas Str. 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Kaunas Distr., Lithuania.
authors.forename: Viktorija
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vaštakaitė
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Research, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 9-III, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Laurynas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dabašinskas
authors.affiliation: Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kaunas Str. 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Kaunas Distr., Lithuania.
authors.forename: Pavelas
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Duchovskis
mesh_terms: D019607:Brassicaceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis*; D008027:Light; D008029:Lighting; D014975:Lutein / Q000032:analysis; D010788:Photosynthesis; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000032:analysis; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D024341:Xanthophylls; D019207:beta Carotene; D002338:Carotenoids; C041635:alpha-carotene; C005613:violaxanthin; C011947:neoxanthin; D014975:Lutein
keywords: Carotenoids; Irradiance level; Light spectrum; Light-emitting diodes; Microgreens