title: Multimodal imaging in foveal red spot syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe multimodal imaging findings in a patient with foveal red spot syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a case of a 57-year-old man with foveal red spot syndrome. Multimodal imaging techniques, including fundus color and red-free photographs, fluorescence angiography (Topcon 50DX; Topcon, Tokyo, Japan), MultiColor scanning laser imaging, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (Spectralis; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany), swept source optical coherence tomography (DRI OCT-1 Atlantis; Topcon, Tokyo, Japan), adaptive optics (RTX-1; Imagine Eyes, Orsay, France), and microperimetry (MP1 Microperimeter; Nidek Technologies, Padua, Italy), were performed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the anatomical abnormalities related to the disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Conventional clinical examination and imaging studies failed to explain the patient's visual dysfunction and this specific macular abnormality. Using advanced ophthalmic technologies, including MultiColor imaging, spectral domain optical coherence tomography with high-density acquisition, swept source optical coherence tomography, adaptive optics, and microperimetry, we identified the nature of the macular manifestation accounting for pathology of the foveal red spot syndrome and his visual dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When conventional clinical examination and imaging techniques fail to identify the presence of and visual symptoms in foveal red spot syndrome, advanced technologies may be used to confirm the diagnosis and explain the etiology of the abnormality.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; †Vitreous-Retina-Macula Consultants of New York, New York, New York; ‡Manhattan Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital, New York, New York; §Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York; and ¶Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Suqin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bellone
authors.forename: Song Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Lawrence A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Yannuzzi
mesh_terms: D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D005584:Fovea Centralis / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013577:Syndrome; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*; D014792:Visual Acuity