title: Guidelines for treatment of chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present a clinical practice guideline update on the medical, laser, and surgical treatment of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following the formulation of key questions using the PICO scheme (Patient/Problem, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome), a systematic review was performed on the literature published to date, including international clinical practice guidelines. The AMSTAR and Risk of Bias tools were used for evaluating the quality of the information. The level of evidence and grade of recommendation was established following the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following the above methodology, recommendations of medical, laser and surgical treatment in adult PACG and levels of evidence are presented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the level of scientific evidence for many of the questions raised is not very high, a review is presented on updated treatment recommendations for adult PACG. Among the limitations for the implementation of these recommendations is that most studies have been conducted in Asian populations, and that the effectiveness is measured almost exclusively in terms of reducing intraocular pressure, and does not include visual function, quality of life or cost-effectiveness parameters.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcalá, OFTARED, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España. Electronic address: francisco.munoz@uah.es.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Negrete
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario del Henares, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Coslada, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: González-Martín-Moro
authors.affiliation: Vissum Corporación-Instituto Oftalmológico de Alicante, OFTARED, Alicante, España.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Casas-Llera
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Urcelay-Segura
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcalá, OFTARED, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rebolleda
authors.affiliation: IOBA, Universidad de Valladolid, OFTARED, Valladolid, España.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ussa
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IISA, Universidad de Zaragoza, OFTARED, Zaragoza, España.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Güerri Monclús
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Oftalmología HCSC, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria HCSC (IdISSC), Universidad Complutense, OFTARED, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Méndez Hernández
authors.affiliation: Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Medicina, OFTARED, Pamplona, España.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moreno-Montañés
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia; Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía, IMIB-Arrixaca, OFTARED, Murcia, España.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Villegas Pérez
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IISA, Universidad de Zaragoza, OFTARED, Zaragoza, España.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Pablo
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Oftalmología HCSC, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria HCSC (IdISSC), Universidad Complutense, OFTARED, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: García-Feijoó
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D015812:Glaucoma, Angle-Closure / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008028:Light Coagulation; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D008875:Middle Aged; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic
keywords: Closed-angle; Glaucoma; Glaucoma treatment; Guideline; Guía práctica clínica; Tratamiento del glaucoma; Ángulo cerrado