title: Pilot project in rural western Madhya Pradesh, India, to assess the feasibility of using LED and solar-powered lanterns to remove kerosene lamps and related hazards from homes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Globally, 300,000 deaths are estimated to occur annually and the incidence is far greater as a large majority of burns are small and go unreported. Ninety-five percent of the global burden of burns is found in low- and middle-income countries; however, there is relatively little in the literature regarding effective primary prevention in these areas. Flame is the most common cause of burn in Madhya Pradesh, the central state of India. The most common demographic among the burn unit inpatient of Choithram hospital Indore, is young women from 21 to 40 years of age, whose burns are primarily caused by kerosene lamps. A non electrical source of illumination is essential for every household in rural areas due to the infrequent and poor power supply. At the baseline, 23 kerosene lamp burns were reported by villagers in the past 5 years among the study population of this pilot project.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pilot project to investigate the strategies for reducing the incidence of domestic burns in rural villages around the city of Indore was performed, by replacing kerosene lamps with safer and more sustainable alternatives, including solar-powered and light-emitting diode (LED) lamps. A total of 1042 households were randomly chosen from 18 villages within the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh (population of 28,825) to receive the alternative light source (670 LED and 372 solar lamps). We investigated the efficacy of this strategy of reducing the incidence of burns, measured the social acceptance by villagers, and quantified the cost implications and availability of LED lamps in rural communities with a high incidence of burns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Replacing kerosene lamps with LED and solar alternatives was deemed socially acceptable by 99.34% of the participants and reduced the cost of lighting for impoverished rural villagers by 85% over 1 year. We successfully demonstrated a significant decrease in the use of kerosene lamps (p<0.01). More evidence is required to investigate the efficacy of this strategy in reducing burns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pilot study highlights the viability of the approach of replacing kerosene lamps as an effective primary prevention strategy for reducing burns in rural areas. However, barriers remain to the wider adoption of these lamps, including accessibility and availability for the populations of rural India.
authors.affiliation: Interburns Training Centre at Choithram Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. Electronic address: shobhachamania@gmail.com.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chamania
authors.affiliation: Interburns Training Centre at Choithram Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chouhan
authors.affiliation: Interburns Training Centre at Choithram Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Awasthi
authors.affiliation: Interburns, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bendell
authors.affiliation: Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea SA6 6NL, UK.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marsden
authors.affiliation: University of Cardiff Medical School, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.affiliation: Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea SA6 6NL, UK.
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Whitaker
authors.affiliation: Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea SA6 6NL, UK.
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Potokar
mesh_terms: D000061:Accidents, Home / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002056:Burns / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006794:Household Articles; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007648:Kerosene; D008029:Lighting / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011203:Poverty; D059205:Renewable Energy; D012424:Rural Population; D012993:Solar Energy
chemical_list: D007648:Kerosene
keywords: Burn prevention; Kerosene burns; Kerosene lamp; Sustainable lighting