title: Photoproducts of carminic acid formed by a composite from Manihot dulcis waste.
abstract: Carbon-TiO2 composites were obtained from carbonised Manihot dulcis waste and TiO2 using glycerol as an additive and thermally treating the composites at 800 °C. Furthermore, carbon was obtained from manihot to study the adsorption, desorption and photocatalysis of carminic acid on these materials. Carminic acid, a natural dye extracted from cochineal insects, is a pollutant produced by the food industry and handicrafts. Its photocatalysis was observed under different atmospheres, and kinetic curves were measured by both UV-Vis and HPLC for comparison, yielding interesting differences. The composite was capable of decomposing approximately 50% of the carminic acid under various conditions. The reaction was monitored by UV-Vis spectroscopy and LC-ESI-(Qq)-TOF-MS-DAD, enabling the identification of some intermediate species. The deleterious compound anthracene-9,10-dione was detected both in N2 and air atmospheres.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Química, Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, Edif. 103H, Puebla, Pue. 72570, Mexico; Instituto de Agroingeniería, Universidad del Papaloapan, Campus Loma Bonita, Oaxaca, Mexico.
authors.forename: Cynthia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Antonio-Cisneros
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, Edif. 105, Puebla, Pue. 72570, Mexico.
authors.forename: Martín M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Dávila-Jiménez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Química, Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, Edif. 103H, Puebla, Pue. 72570, Mexico. Electronic address: maria.elizalde.uap.mx@gmail.com.
authors.forename: María P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Elizalde-González
authors.affiliation: Centro de Química, Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, Edif. 103H, Puebla, Pue. 72570, Mexico.
authors.forename: Esmeralda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: García-Díaz
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D002329:Carmine / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005505:Food Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D002365:Manihot / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010782:Photolysis; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005505:Food Coloring Agents; C009495:titanium dioxide; D002244:Carbon; D002329:Carmine; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Carminic acid; Manihot waste; Natural red 4; Photocatalysis; Photolysis; Product identification; TiO(2)/carbon composite