title: Effects of hippadine on the blood pressure and heart rate in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hippadine is an alkaloid isolated from Crinum macowanii. Crinum macowanii is used in South Africa to treat oedema, 'heart disease', rheumatic fever, cancer and skin diseases, and belongs to the plant family Amaryllidaceae, assumed to have originated in the South African region. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hippadine, an alkaloid extracted from Crinum macowanii, on the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in anaesthetized male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats (SHR); and to find out if α1 and⧸or β1 adrenoceptors contribute to its effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hippadine (2.5-12.5mg/kg), adrenaline (0.05-0.20mg/kg), atenolol (0.5-40mg/kg) and prazosin hydrochloride (100-500µg/kg) were infused intravenously, and the BP and HR measured via a pressure transducer connecting the femoral artery and the PowerLab. Adrenaline increased the systolic, diastolic and mean arterial BP, while hippadine, atenolol and prazosin respectively decreased the systolic, diastolic and mean arterial BP. Increases in HR were observed with both adrenaline and prazosin, while reductions in HR were observed with atenolol and hippadine. Infusion of adrenaline in rats pre-treated with atenolol (30mg/kg), prazosin (400µg/kg), and hippadine (10mg/kg) led to similar increases in BP and HR in all groups. All changes in HR or BP were significant (p<0.05) and dose dependent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hippadine decreases the BP and HR in SHR, and these effects may be due to α1 and β1 adrenoceptor inhibition.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, South Africa. Electronic address: pmugabo@uwc.ac.za.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mugabo
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, South Africa.
authors.forename: Alvenia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Philander
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, National University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe.
authors.forename: Ismaila
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Raji
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, South Africa.
authors.forename: Daneel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, South Africa.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Green
mesh_terms: D047151:Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D001262:Atenolol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D031407:Crinum / Q000737:chemistry*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D016488:Medicine, African Traditional; D011224:Prazosin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013019:South Africa
chemical_list: D047151:Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001262:Atenolol; C039688:hippadine; D011224:Prazosin; D004837:Epinephrine
keywords: Adrenaline (PubChem CID: 5816); Atenolol (PubChem CID: 2249); Blood pressure; Chemical compounds studied in this article; Heart rate; Heparin (PubChem CID: 25244225); Hippadine; Hippadine (PubChem CID: 100605); Pentobarbitone (PubChem CID: 4737); Prazosin hydrochloride (PubChem CID: 68546); Spontaneously hypertensive rat; α(1) adrenoceptor; β(1) adrenoceptor