title: Parent and halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in farmed cockroaches and implications for human exposure.
abstract: Medicinal insects have been widely used to cure human diseases for ages. Nevertheless, knowledge about the toxic chemicals accumulated in medicinal insects and their effects on human health was insufficient. In the present study, sixteen priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nine halogenated PAHs (HPAHs) were determined in farmed medicinal cockroaches to address this issue. Total concentrations of PAHs in young nymphs, old nymphs, and adults ranged from 162 to 1025, 252 to 967, and 267 to 1168 ng/g, respectively. Levels of the sum of HPAHs varied from 0.84 to 9.17, 1.86 to 5.21, and 1.01 to 8.60 ng/g for young nymphs, old nymphs, and adults, respectively. The daily intake and excess cancer risk of PAHs and HPAHs were calculated for people who take cockroach-related drugs. Our results indicated that females and children have slightly higher exposure levels from the perspectives of gender and age, respectively. The estimated excess cancer risk of PAHs and HPAHs were both lower than the priority risk level (10(-4)), indicating a low potential carcinogenic risk with the medicinal cockroach consumption.
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Circular Economy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Lin
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Circular Economy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Bing
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Circular Economy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Circular Economy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China. Electronic address: nihg@pkusz.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hong-Gang
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Ni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D003058:Cockroaches / Q000737:chemistry*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D009758:Nymph / Q000737:chemistry; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
keywords: Cockroaches; Halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Health risk assessment; Human exposure; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons