title: Intranodal cytokeratin particles is a predictive marker of efficacy for neoadjuvant therapies in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lymph node metastasis is one of the most important prognostic factors in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Neoadjuvant treatment can reduce micrometastasis in lymph nodes to enable curative resection by down staging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological effect of neoadjuvant therapy on lymph node metastasis of ESCC by performing immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin staining.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 3061 lymph nodes were examined from 62 patients who received neoadjuvant treatment followed by esophagectomy with lymphadenectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed positive staining for cytokeratin in 276 (9.0%) lymph nodes, which included overt metastasis, micrometastasis and hyalinized cytokeratin particles (HCP). Patients with HCPs in lymph nodes had better outcomes than patients without HCPs in lymph node. A significant prognostic difference between the patients with HCPs and without HCPs was observed in a subgroup of patients with nodal metastasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that HCP might reflect a degenerative change of cancer cells in lymph nodes and can predict the response to neoadjuvant therapy.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Masaichi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohira
authors.forename: Naoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Katsunobu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toyokawa
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Muguruma
authors.forename: Yoshito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamashitaz
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Kosei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirakawa
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016629:Esophagectomy; D006801:Humans; D006818:Hyalin / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007633:Keratins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D061206:Neoplasm Micrometastasis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007633:Keratins