title: The opposing forces of the intestinal microbiome and the emerging pathobiome.
abstract: This article summarizes emerging concepts on the role of the intestinal microbiome in surgical patients. Revolutionary research over the past decade has shown that human beings live in close and constant contact with boundless communities of microbes. Recent innovations in the study of the human microbiome are reviewed. To demonstrate the applicability of these studies to surgical disease, the authors discuss what is known about the role of microbes in the pathogenesis of perioperative complications. Enhanced awareness of the human microbiome will empower clinicians to adopt novel practices in the prevention and treatment of a variety of surgical conditions.
authors.affiliation: Center for Surgical Infection Research and Therapeutics, Department of Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 6040, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Defazio
authors.affiliation: Center for Surgical Infection Research and Therapeutics, Department of Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 6040, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Irma D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.affiliation: Center for Surgical Infection Research and Therapeutics, Department of Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 6040, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Baddr
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shakhsheer
authors.affiliation: Center for Surgical Infection Research and Therapeutics, Department of Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 6040, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zaborina
authors.affiliation: Center for Surgical Infection Research and Therapeutics, Department of Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 6040, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: jalverdy@surgery.bsd.uchicago.edu.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Alverdy
mesh_terms: D057868:Anastomotic Leak / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D002400:Cathartics / Q000009:adverse effects; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000601:surgery; D056186:Metagenomics; D064307:Microbiota / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D040901:Proteomics; D018805:Sepsis / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D002400:Cathartics
keywords: Anastomotic leak; Bacteria; Infection; Metabolomics; Microbiome; Proteomics; Sepsis