title: Comparative metabolism and pharmacokinetics of diisobutyl ketone and diisobutyl carbinol in male SD rats.
abstract: Diisobutyl ketone (DIBK) and diisobutyl carbinol (DIBC) are important organic solvents widely used as industrial intermediates. It was hypothesized that DIBC and DIBK have common metabolic pathways and metabolites, and as such, toxicological data on DIBK could be used to characterize the hazards of DIBC. To confirm or refute this hypothesis a comparative metabolism and pharmacokinetics assessment of DIBK and DIBC was conducted. Dosing was via single oral gavage dosing in male SD rats, followed by blood collection, metabolite identification, major biomarker quantitation, and pharmacokinetics analysis. Overall, the major metabolites of both DIBC and DIBK in blood were their corresponding monohydroxylated metabolites (DIBC alcohol and DIBK alcohol) with the site of hydroxylation at the σ and σ-1 positions, respectively. Quantitative analysis of DIBC, DIBK, DIBC-alcohol, and DIBK-alcohol in blood samples collected from 5min to 120h after single dosing indicated the following: (1) DIBC and DIBK are both well absorbed following oral gavage with substantial evidence of enterohepatic recirculation of DIBK, DIBC, DIBK-alcohol, and DIBC-alcohol; (2) DIBK and DIBC are interconverted metabolically in rats; (3) DIBC and DIBK have similar bioavailability after oral administration; (4) higher systemic exposure was found for DIBK-alcohol than DIBC-alcohol, implying that DIBC-alcohol may be more easily conjugated and eliminated in bile. In summary, the metabolic similarities and the difference in systemic exposure to metabolites between these substances observed in the current study support the hypothesis that DIBC might have a lower potential toxicity than that of DIBK. The current study results support that toxicological data on DIBK could be used to characterize the hazards of DIBC.
authors.affiliation: Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, 1803 Building, Midland, MI 48674, USA. Electronic address: fzzhang@dow.com.
authors.forename: Fagen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, 1803 Building, Midland, MI 48674, USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bartels
authors.affiliation: Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, 1803 Building, Midland, MI 48674, USA.
authors.forename: Amy J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, 1803 Building, Midland, MI 48674, USA.
authors.forename: Jen L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Staley
authors.affiliation: Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, 1803 Building, Midland, MI 48674, USA.
authors.forename: Tom S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Lardie
authors.affiliation: Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, 1803 Building, Midland, MI 48674, USA.
authors.forename: Dan A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Markham
authors.affiliation: Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, 1803 Building, Midland, MI 48674, USA.
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.affiliation: Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, 1803 Building, Midland, MI 48674, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Ball
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism; D001682:Biological Availability; D001711:Biotransformation; D004764:Enterohepatic Circulation; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006900:Hydroxylation; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007659:Ketones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D000432:Methanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D007659:Ketones; C054815:diisobutyl ketone; C553993:2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol; D000432:Methanol