title: Supplemental vitamin D increases serum cytokines in those with initially low 25-hydroxyvitamin D: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine if vitamin D status before supplementation influences the cytokine response after supplemental vitamin D. Forty-six reportedly healthy adults (mean(SD); age, 32(7) y; body mass index (BMI), 25.3(4.5) kg/m(2); serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), 34.8(12.2) ng/mL) were randomly assigned (double blind) to one of three groups: (1) placebo (n=15), or supplemental vitamin D (cholecalciferol) at (2) 4000 (n=14) or (3) 8000IU (n=17). Supplements were taken daily for 35days. Fasting blood samples were obtained before (Baseline, Bsl) and 35-days after (35-d) supplementation. Serum 25(OH)D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)D), cytokines, and intact parathyroid hormone with calcium were measured in each blood sample. Supplemental vitamin D increased serum 25(OH)D (4000IU, ≈29%; 8000IU, ≈57%) and 1,25(OH)D (4000IU, ≈12%; 8000IU, ≈38%) without altering intact parathyroid hormone or calcium. The vitamin D metabolite increases in the supplemental vitamin D groups (n=31) were dependent on initial levels as serum 25(OH)D (r=-0.63, p<0.05) and 1,25(OH)D (r=-0.45, p<0.05) at Bsl correlated with their increases after supplementation. Supplemental vitamin D increased interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-10 in subjects that were vitamin D insufficient (serum 25(OH)D<29ng/mL) compared to sufficient (serum 25(OH)D⩾30ng/mL) at Bsl. We conclude that supplemental vitamin D increase a pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine in those with initially low serum 25(OH)D.
authors.affiliation: The Physiology Research Laboratory, The Orthopedic Specialty Hospital, Murray, UT 84107, USA. Electronic address: tyler.barker@imail.org.
authors.forename: Tyler
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.affiliation: The Physiology Research Laboratory, The Orthopedic Specialty Hospital, Murray, UT 84107, USA.
authors.forename: Victoria E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.affiliation: Research and Development, USANA Health Sciences, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT 84120, USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.affiliation: Research and Development, USANA Health Sciences, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT 84120, USA.
authors.forename: Jenna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Templeton
authors.affiliation: Research and Development, USANA Health Sciences, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT 84120, USA.
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goldfine
authors.affiliation: Research and Development, USANA Health Sciences, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT 84120, USA.
authors.forename: Erik D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: Research and Development, USANA Health Sciences, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT 84120, USA.
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.affiliation: The Physiology Research Laboratory, The Orthopedic Specialty Hospital, Murray, UT 84107, USA.
authors.forename: Vanessa T
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Henriksen
authors.affiliation: Hyperbaric Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT 84107, USA; LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT 84143, USA; School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
authors.forename: Lindell K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Weaver
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D007717:Knee; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors; D019415:Torque; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D; D002762:Cholecalciferol; C097949:1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D; D002118:Calcium
keywords: 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D; Interferon-γ; Interleukin-10; Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D