title: Modulation of inflammation response to murine cutaneous Leishmaniosis by homeopathic medicines: thymulin 5cH.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In previous studies, we observed that thymulin 5cH could modulate BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) induced chronic inflammation by increasing peritoneal B1 stem cells differentiation into phagocytes and improving phagocytosis efficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the same protocol to study the effects of thymulin 5cH in the experimental murine Leishmaniasis, in order to elucidate some aspects of the parasite-host relation under this homeopathic treatment. Male Balb/c mice were orally treated with thymulin 5cH or vehicle during 60 days, after the subcutaneous inoculation of 2 × 10(6) units of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis into the footpad. Washied inflammatory cell suspension from peritoneal cavity, spleen, local lymph node and infected subcutaneous tissue were harvested after 2 and 60 days from infection to quantify the inflammation cells by flow cytometry and histometry methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a transitory increase of peritoneal T reg cells, treated mice presented, chronically, increase in the peritoneal and spleen B1 cells percentage (p = 0.0001) in relation to other cell types; more organized and exuberant inflammation response in the infection site, and decrease in the number of parasites per field inside the primary lesion (p = 0.05). No difference was seen in local lymph node histology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thymulin 5cH is able to improve B1 cell activation and Leishmania (L) amazonensis phagocytosis efficiency in mice, similarly to that observed previously in BCG experimental infection.
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Universidade Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade de Santo Amaro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rodrigues de Santana
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Universidade Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade de Santo Amaro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cidéli de Paula
authors.initials: Cde P
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Universidade Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thayná Neves
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcia Dalastra
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Laurenti
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Universidade Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elizabeth Cristina
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Perez Hurtado
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Universidade Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade de Santo Amaro, Brazil. Electronic address: leonibonamin@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Leoni Villano
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Bonamin
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006705:Homeopathy / Q000379:methods*; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions / Q000187:drug effects; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000469:parasitology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000469:parasitology; D013935:Thymic Factor, Circulating / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D013935:Thymic Factor, Circulating
keywords: Homeopathy; Leishmania (L.) amazonensis; Murine leishmaniasis; Thymulin