title: Effective connectivity within the frontoparietal control network differentiates cognitive control and working memory.
abstract: Cognitive control and working memory rely upon a common fronto-parietal network that includes the inferior frontal junction (IFJ), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), pre-supplementary motor area/dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (pSMA/dACC), and intraparietal sulcus (IPS). This network is able to flexibly adapt its function in response to changing behavioral goals, mediating a wide range of cognitive demands. Here we apply dynamic causal modeling to functional magnetic resonance imaging data to characterize task-related alterations in the strength of network interactions across distinct cognitive processes. Evidence in favor of task-related connectivity dynamics was accrued across a very large space of possible network structures. Cognitive control and working memory demands were manipulated using a factorial combination of the multi-source interference task and a verbal 2-back working memory task, respectively. Both were found to alter the sensitivity of the IFJ to perceptual information, and to increase IFJ-to-pSMA/dACC connectivity. In contrast, increased connectivity from the pSMA/dACC to the IPS, as well as from the dlPFC to the IFJ, was uniquely driven by cognitive control demands; a task-induced negative influence of the dlPFC on the pSMA/dACC was specific to working memory demands. These results reflect a system of both shared and unique context-dependent dynamics within the fronto-parietal network. Mechanisms supporting cognitive engagement, response selection, and action evaluation may be shared across cognitive domains, while dynamic updating of task and context representations within this network are potentially specific to changing demands on cognitive control.
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia; Monash Clinical and Imaging Neuroscience, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: ian.harding@monash.edu.
authors.forename: Ian H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Harding
authors.affiliation: Monash Clinical and Imaging Neuroscience, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yücel
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Ben J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pantelis
authors.affiliation: QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Metro North Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Breakspear
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D063132:Connectome / Q000379:methods*; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology*; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Cognitive control; Dynamic causal modeling; Effective connectivity; Frontoparietal; Working memory