title: A 51-year-old woman crushed by an elephant trunk.
abstract: Wild and exotic animal attacks are not common in the United States. Animal-related injuries in the United States are usually caused by dog bites, followed by cattle and horse injuries. Exotic animal attacks can occur when the animals are provoked, depressed, or housed improperly by owners. We report the case of a 51-year-old woman who sustained multiple systemic traumatic injuries after she was pinned to a fence by an elephant's trunk. Upon arrival in the emergency department, she was hypothermic with a temperature of 35.1ºC (95.1ºF), hypotensive to 94/60 mm Hg after 5 L crystalloid, tachycardic at 108 beats/min, and intubated with oxygen saturation of 100%. Tranexamic acid was administered in addition to starting a massive transfusion protocol. Injuries included bilateral multiple rib fractures, left abdominal wall degloving injury, right pneumothorax, right hemothorax, left chest wall puncture wound, grade IV splenic laceration, 3 grade III liver lacerations, retroperitoneal hematoma, and degloving injuries to bilateral posterior thighs requiring more than 30 operations. Why should an emergency physician be aware of this? Several factors need to be considered when evaluating animal-related injuries, including type, age, and sex of the animal. Multisystem traumatic injuries should be assumed when a large animal is involved. Prehospital care and transport time are vital to a patient's survival in both urban and rural settings. During the initial resuscitation, administering antibiotics tailored to the specific animal can greatly decrease risk of infection and morbidity. Additionally, tetanus immunoglobulin, tetanus toxoid, and rabies immunoglobulin and vaccine may be needed, unless the victim has been previously vaccinated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida. Electronic address: tsungann@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ann H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Tsung
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida.
authors.forename: Brandon R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004606:Elephants; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: animal bite; antibiotics; elephant; prehospital care; wild animal attacks