title: Radiographic appearance and clinical implications of the presence of radix entomolaris and radix paramolaris.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The variation in mandibular molars' anatomy is not as rare as it might appear to be. Depending on the location of the additional root found in a mandibular molar, it may be referred to as either radix entomolaris (RE) or radix paramolaris (RP). The aim of the study was to present radiographic appearance of RE and RP and indicate the clinical implications of its presence.
  
  
  METHODS
  The material consisted of 3,000 panoramic and 300 periapical radiographs of first and second mandibular molars taken in the Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Radiodiagnostics of the Medical University in Lublin which were screened for RE and RP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among panoramic and periapical radiographs only 14 cases of additional roots were found: 11 teeth with RE/RP in the Polish population and 3 in Taiwanese. Only 2 panoramic radiographs revealed the presence of RE and surprisingly the occurrence was bilateral.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dentists should not be taken by surprise at finding an additional root in mandibular molars. They should be aware of the anatomical diversity of these teeth and know how to recognise possible extra roots during radiograph reading.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Radiodiagnostics, Medical University in Lublin, Poland. tkrozylo@wp.pl.
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Różyło
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Piskórz
authors.forename: I K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Różyło-Kalinowska