title: Knowledge of repetitions range affects force production in trained females.
abstract: Most studies have examined pacing strategies with cyclical activities (running and cycling). It has been demonstrated that males employ different pacing strategies during repeated maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) dependent upon a known endpoint. Since different fatiguing mechanisms have been identified between the genders, it is not known if females use comparable pacing strategies. The purpose of this study was to examine if informing female subjects regarding the number of MVCs to perform would affect force and electromyography (EMG). Twenty well-trained females completed 3 fatiguing protocols in a randomized order. In the control condition participants were informed they would perform twelve MVCs and then actually completed twelve. In the unknown condition they were not told how many MVCs to perform but were stopped after twelve. In the deception condition they were initially informed to perform 6 MVCs, but after the 6(th) MVC they were asked to perform a few more MVCs and were stopped after twelve. During the first 6 MVCs, forces in the deception condition were greater compared to the unknown (p = 0.021, ES = 0.65, 5%) and control (p = 0.022, ES = 0.42, 3%) conditions. No differences were found between conditions in the last 6 MVCs. A main effect for repetitions showed force deficits during the first 6 MVCs (p = 0.000, ES = 1.81, 13%) and last 6 MVCs (p = 0.05, ES = 0.34, 3%). No differences were found between conditions in biceps and triceps EMG. However, EMG decreased during the first 6 MVCs for biceps (p = 0.001, ES = 1.0, 14%) and triceps (p = 0.001, ES = 0.76, 14%) across conditions. No differences were found in the last 6 MVCs. The anticipation of performing fewer MVCs led to increased force, whereas no endpoint led to decreased force production. Key pointsPacing strategies occur during repeated (fatiguing) MVCs as a function of end point expectations.Females use similar pacing strategies as previously published results with males.Without a known end point, females will tend to pace themselves by decreasing force output even when asked to perform maximal contractions.
authors.affiliation: School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
authors.forename: Israel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Halperin
authors.affiliation: School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
authors.forename: Saied J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Aboodarda
authors.affiliation: School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
authors.forename: Fabien A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Basset
authors.affiliation: School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Behm
keywords: Fatigue; deception; electromyography; pacing