title: Three-dimensional electrochemical immunosensor for sensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen based on monolithic and macroporous graphene foam.
abstract: A high performance three-dimensional (3D) electrochemical immunosensor was developed for sensitive detection of the tumor biomarker, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Monolithic and macroporous graphene foam grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) served as the scaffold of the free-standing 3D electrode. Immuno-recognition interface was fabricated via simple and non-covalent immobilization of antibody using lectin-mediated strategy. Briefly, the well-known lectin macromolecule (concanavalin A, Con A) monolayer was functionalized on 3D graphene (3D-G) using in-situ polymerized polydopamine as the linker. Then the widely used horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled antibody (anti-CEA) in immunoassays was efficiently immobilized to demonstrate the recognition interface via the biospecific affinity of lectin with sugarprotein. The 3D immunosensor is able to detect CEA with a wide linear range (0.1-750.0ngml(-1)), low detection limit (~90pgml(-1) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3), and short incubation time (30min). Furthermore, this biosensor was used for the detection of the CEA level in real serum samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China; State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
authors.forename: Jiyang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
authors.forename: Jiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China; College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China.
authors.forename: Tianshu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China. Electronic address: fengnaxi@zstu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Fengna
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China; College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China; Department of Chemistry, Physics and Applied Mathematics, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA. Electronic address: jin.wang.1@stonybrook.edu.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China. Electronic address: ekwang@ciac.jl.cn.
authors.forename: Erkang
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000737:chemistry; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D032449:Canavalia / Q000737:chemistry; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000737:chemistry; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000295:instrumentation*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D016062:Porosity
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D003208:Concanavalin A; D006108:Graphite; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase
keywords: 3D graphene; Carcinoembryonic antigen; Electrochemical immunosensors; Horseradish peroxidase-labeled antibody; Lectin; Lectin–sugarprotein interaction