title: Sex differences of leukocyte-platelet interactions and on-treatment platelet reactivity in patients with atherosclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate differences of platelet activation and on-treatment residual platelet reactivity between female and male patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared P-selectin expression, activated glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa and leukocyte-platelet aggregates (LPA) by flow cytometry between 110 female and 206 male patients undergoing angioplasty and stenting. On-treatment residual platelet reactivity was determined by two test systems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of P-selectin and GPIIb/IIIa did not differ significantly between female and male patients. In contrast, females showed a significantly more pronounced formation of LPA in vivo, in response to thrombin receptor-activating peptide-6 and in response to adenosine diphosphate. Further, high LPA were seen more frequently in female patients. Finally, protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 mediated platelet reactivity by both assays was significantly higher in females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Female sex is associated with a more pronounced formation of LPA and increased PAR-1 mediated platelet reactivity in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: thomas.gremmel@meduniwien.ac.at.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gremmel
authors.affiliation: Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Christoph W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Kopp
authors.affiliation: Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eichelberger
authors.affiliation: Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Renate
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koppensteiner
authors.affiliation: Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panzer
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D039661:Integrin beta3 / Q000378:metabolism; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism; D015539:Platelet Activation; D010974:Platelet Aggregation; D040201:Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein IIb / Q000378:metabolism; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D039661:Integrin beta3; D009842:Oligopeptides; D019007:P-Selectin; D040201:Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein IIb; C504808:Ser-Phe-Phe-Leu-Arg-Asn; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate
keywords: Leukocyte–platelet aggregates; Platelet activation; Platelet reactivity; Sex