title: High-protein diet differently modifies intestinal goblet cell characteristics and mucosal cytokine expression in ileum and colon.
abstract: We have previously shown that high-protein (HP) diet ingestion causes marked changes in the luminal environment of the colonic epithelium. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of such modifications on small intestinal and colonic mucosa, two segments with different transit time and physiological functions. Rats were fed with either normal protein (NP; 14% protein) or HP (53% protein) isocaloric diet for 2 weeks, and parameters related to intestinal mucous-secreting cells and to several innate/adaptive immune characteristics (myeloperoxidase activity, cytokine and epithelial TLR expression, proportion of immune cells in gut-associated lymphoid tissues) were measured in the ileum and colon. In ileum from HP animals, we observed hyperplasia of mucus-producing cells concomitant with an increased expression of Muc2 at both gene and protein levels, reduction of mucosal myeloperoxidase activity, down-regulation of Tlr4 gene expression in enterocytes and down-regulation of mucosal Th cytokines associated with CD4+ lymphocyte reduction in mesenteric lymph nodes. These changes coincided with an increased amount of acetate in the ileal luminal content. In colon, HP diet ingestion resulted in a lower number of goblet cells at the epithelial surface but increased goblet cell number in colonic crypts together with an increased Muc3 and a slight reduction of Il-6 gene expression. Our data suggest that HP diet modifies the goblet cell distribution in colon and, in ileum, increases goblet cell activity and decreases parameters related to basal gut inflammatory status. The impact of HP diet on intestinal mucosa in terms of beneficial or deleterious effects is discussed.
authors.affiliation: AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ile de France, UMR 914 Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Annaïg
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.affiliation: AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ile de France, UMR 914 Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Mireille
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andriamihaja
authors.affiliation: AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ile de France, UMR 914 Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Blouin
authors.affiliation: AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ile de France, UMR 914 Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Xinxin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Hôpital Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Descatoire
authors.affiliation: AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ile de France, UMR 914 Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Desclée de Maredsous
authors.affiliation: AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ile de France, UMR 914 Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Anne-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Davila
authors.affiliation: Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Hôpital Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Francine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.affiliation: AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ile de France, UMR 914 Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tomé
authors.affiliation: AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ile de France, UMR 914 Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, Paris, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blachier
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D020895:Enterocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020397:Goblet Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D007082:Ileum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D055263:Mucin-3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D019108:Tight Junctions / Q000378:metabolism; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D018793:Interleukin-13; D015850:Interleukin-6; C524651:Muc3 protein, rat; D055263:Mucin-3; C495347:Tlr4 protein, rat; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D016753:Interleukin-10
keywords: Basal gut inflammatory status; Goblet cells; High-protein diet; Intestine; Mucus