title: Uptake and transport mechanisms of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) by rice (Oryza sativa).
abstract: The extensive industrial use of brominated flame retardants has aroused rapidly growing public concerns about their ubiquity in the environment. The feasibility of uptake and translocation of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) by three rice cultivars, namely Fengmeizhan, Hefengzhan and Guangyinzhan, and the uptake mechanisms of BDE-209 into rice roots, were investigated by employing a partition-limited model. Uptake of BDE-209 by the rice cultivars (Fengmeizhan, Hefengzhan and Guangyinzhan) was examined by a 60-day cultivation in sterilized BDE-209 spiked sand, followed by Soxhlet extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. A partition-limited model was applied for estimating and describing the approach of the uptake of BDE-209 by rice in sand. The average quasi-equilibrium factor (αpt) of BDE-209 in root uptake in sand was 0.112×10(-3) for three rice cultivars in the present study (<1), implying a non-equilibrium movement of molecules and a dominated passive transport uptake. According to the results of sorption analysis of dead and fresh roots, apoplastic pathway likely dominated the transport of BDE-209 into roots cells.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, PR China; Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Ka Lai
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.affiliation: Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Yu Bon
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Man
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Nora Fung Yee
authors.initials: NFY
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Food Safety and Environmental Technology, Institutes of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Xueyuan Ave. Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, PR China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, PR China; Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: minghwong@ied.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Ming Hung
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D001692:Biological Transport; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis*; D012275:Oryza / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D005411:Flame Retardants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C010902:decabromobiphenyl ether
keywords: Apoplastic path; Brominated flame retardants; Partition-limited model; Quasi-equilibrium factor