title: Responses of soil ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms to repeated exposure of single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
abstract: The impacts of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) including single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) on soil microbial biomass and microbial community composition (especially on ammonium oxidizing microorganisms) have been evaluated. The first exposure of CNTs lowered the microbial biomass immediately, but the values recovered to the level of the control at the end of the experiment despite the repeated addition of CNTs. The abundance and diversity of ammonium-oxidizing archaea (AOA) were higher than that of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) under the exposure of CNTs. The addition of CNTs decreased Shannon-Wiener diversity index of AOB and AOA. Two-way ANOVA analysis showed that CNTs had significant effects on the abundance and diversity of AOB and AOA. Dominant terminal restriction fragments (TRFs) of AOB exhibited a positive relationship with NH4(+), while AOA was on the contrary. It implied that AOB prefer for high-NH4(+) soils whereas AOA is favored in low NH4(+) soils in the CNT-contaminated soil.
authors.affiliation: School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization, Jinan 250022, China.
authors.forename: Qinglin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization, Jinan 250022, China. Electronic address: hwang_118@163.com.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization, Jinan 250022, China. Electronic address: bshyangjn@126.com.
authors.forename: Baoshan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization, Jinan 250022, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization, Jinan 250022, China.
authors.forename: Xuemei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization, Jinan 250022, China.
authors.forename: Ziheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism*; D001105:Archaea / Q000187:drug effects*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000633:toxicity*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012987:Soil; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D000641:Ammonia
keywords: Ammonia-oxidizing archaea; Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria; Microbial activity; Nanomaterial; Soil microorganism