title: Kidney stone analysis: "Give me your stone, I will tell you who you are!".
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stone analysis is an important part in the evaluation of patients having stone disease. This could orientate the physician toward particular etiologies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chemical and physical methods are both used for analysis. Unfortunately, chemical methods often are inadequate to analyze accurately urinary calculi and could fail to detect some elements into the stone. Physical methods, in counterpart, are becoming more and more used in high-volume laboratories. The present manuscript will provide a review on analytic methods, and review all the information that should be included into an appropriate morpho-constitutional analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report can supply an excellent summarization of the stone morphology and give the opportunity to find specific metabolic disorders and different lithogenic process into the same stone. Here, specific chemical types with their different crystalline phases are shown in connection with their different etiologies involved.
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Tenon University Hospital, 4 rue de la Chine, 75970, Paris Cedex 20, France.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cloutier
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Traxer
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daudon
mesh_terms: D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000032:analysis; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; C020243:calcium phosphate