title: Depressive symptoms and their relationship with endogenous  reproductive hormones and sporadic anovulation in  premenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether depressive symptoms are associated with ovulation or reproductive hormone concentrations in eumenorrheic women without a reported diagnosis of clinical depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort of 248 regularly menstruating women, aged 18 to 44 years (27.3 ± 8.2) were evaluated for depressive symptoms at baseline using the 20-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale and categorized dichotomously (<16, no depressive symptoms [92%] vs. ≥ 16, depressive symptoms [8%]). Serum concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone were measured up to eight times per cycle for up to two menstrual cycles. Linear mixed models estimated associations between depressive symptoms and hormone concentrations, whereas generalized linear mixed models assessed their relationship with sporadic anovulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant associations were identified between depressive symptoms and reproductive hormone levels (all P > .05) or the odds of sporadic anovulation (adjusted odds ratio, 1.1; 95% confidence interval, [0.02-5.0]), after adjusting for age, race, body mass index, perceived stress level, and alcohol consumption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite reported associations between mental health and menstrual cycle dysfunction, depressive symptoms were not associated with reproductive hormone concentrations or sporadic anovulation in this cohort of regularly menstruating women with no recent (within 1 year) self-reported history of clinical depression.
authors.forename: Ankita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: Enrique F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Schisterman
authors.forename: Karen C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Schliep
authors.forename: Katherine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Ahrens
authors.forename: Lindsey A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Sjaarda
authors.forename: Neil J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Matyas
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wactawski-Wende
authors.forename: Sunni L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Mumford
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000858:Anovulation / Q000097:blood*; D003863:Depression / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D017697:Premenopause / Q000097:blood* / Q000523:psychology; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
chemical_list: D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone