title: Biological uptake and depuration of sulfadiazine and sulfamethoxazole in common carp (Cyprinus carpio).
abstract: Sulfonamides, a class of the most commonly used antibiotics, are being increasingly released into the aquatic environment and have recently caused considerable concerns. However, knowledge on their fate and ecotoxicological effects upon aquatic organisms is not understood yet. This work investigated mainly the bioconcentration kinetics (uptake/depuration) of sulfadiazine (SDZ) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) by exposure in different concentrations under semi-static conditions for 48 d. The uptake rate (k1), growth-corrected depuration rate (k 2g), and biological half-lives (t1/2) of two sulfonamides in liver and muscle were determined and they were 0.135-9.84 L kg(-1)d(-1), 0.0361-0.838 d(-1), 8.3-19.2d, respectively. With exposure concentrations increasing, the uptake rates in liver and muscle decreased obviously but the depuration rates were not closely related with the exposure concentrations. SDZ exhibited higher uptake but lower excretion rates in almost all the liver and muscle than SMZ, resulting in both higher BCFs and half-lives for SDZ. The growth-corrected bioconcentration factors (BCF kg) were measured to be 1.65-165.73 L kg(-1)ww and their averages were in good consistency with the values predicted by previous models within one log unit. The work presented here was the first to model bioconcentration of SMZ and SDZ from water by laboratory-exposed fish.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China. Electronic address: hxzhao@dlut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hongxia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China.
authors.forename: Sisi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China.
authors.forename: Jingwen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China.
authors.forename: Jingqiu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China.
authors.forename: Xie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Quan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002347:Carps / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D013411:Sulfadiazine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D013411:Sulfadiazine; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole
keywords: Bioconcentration; Common carp; Depuration; Sulfonamides; Uptake