title: Gambling prevalence rates among immigrants: a multigenerational examination.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study employed data from Waves I and II of the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) to compare gambling prevalence rates across gender and world regions (e.g., Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America).
  
  
  METHODS
  Responses from first generation (n=5363), second generation (n=4826), third generation (n=4746), and native-born Americans (n=19,715) were subjected to a series of multinomial regression analyses, after controlling for sociodemographic variables such as age, gender, race/ethnicity, household income, education level, region of the United States, and urbanicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of gambling and problem gambling was markedly lower among first-generation immigrants than that of native-born Americans and second and third-generation immigrants. Results also point to inter- and intra-generational dynamics related to gender, age of arrival and duration in the United States, and world region from which participants emigrated. Additionally, we found that second-generation immigrants and nonimmigrants were significantly more likely to meet criteria for disordered gambling compared to first-generation immigrants in general.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to first-generation immigrants, male and female immigrants of subsequent generations and nonimmigrants were significantly more likely to report involvement in all problem gambling behaviors examined. Findings suggest that gambling prevalence rates increase across subsequent generations, and are more likely to occur in women than among men.
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States. Electronic address: awilso95@slu.edu.
authors.forename: Alyssa N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.
authors.forename: Christopher P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Salas-Wright
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States.
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Vaughn
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States.
authors.forename: Brandy R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Maynard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa / Q000208:ethnology; D001208:Asia / Q000208:ethnology; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005060:Europe / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007843:Latin America / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Gambling; Immigrant; Immigration; Substance use disorder