title: Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography Predicts Humeral Diaphysis Torsional Mechanical Properties With Good Short-Term Precision.
abstract: Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) is a popular tool for noninvasively estimating bone mechanical properties. Previous studies have demonstrated that pQCT provides precise estimates that are good predictors of actual bone mechanical properties at popular distal imaging sites (tibia and radius). The predictive ability and precision of pQCT at more proximal sites remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to explore the predictive ability and short-term precision of pQCT estimates of mechanical properties of the midshaft humerus, a site gaining popularity for exploring the skeletal benefits of exercise. Predictive ability was determined ex vivo by assessing the ability of pQCT-derived estimates of torsional mechanical properties in cadaver humeri (density-weighted polar moment of inertia [I(P)] and polar strength-strain index [SSI(P)]) to predict actual torsional properties. Short-term precision was assessed in vivo by performing 6 repeat pQCT scans at the level of the midshaft humerus in 30 young, healthy individuals (degrees of freedom = 150), with repeat scans performed by the same and different testers and on the same and different days to explore the influences of different testers and time between repeat scans on precision errors. IP and SSI(P) both independently predicted at least 90% of the variance in ex vivo midshaft humerus mechanical properties in cadaveric bones. Overall values for relative precision error (root mean squared coefficients of variation) for in vivo measures of IP and SSI(P) at the midshaft humerus were <1.5% and were not influenced by pQCT assessments being performed by different testers or on different days. These data indicate that pQCT provides very good prediction of midshaft humerus mechanical properties with good short-term precision, with measures being robust against the influences of different testers and time between repeat scans.
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Musculoskeletal Research, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Alyssa M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Weatherholt
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Musculoskeletal Research, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Keith G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Avin
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Musculoskeletal Research, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hurd
authors.affiliation: Phillip Spiegel Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Foundation for Orthopaedic Research and Education, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Jacob L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.affiliation: Phillip Spiegel Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Foundation for Orthopaedic Research and Education, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Scott T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Marberry
authors.affiliation: Phillip Spiegel Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Foundation for Orthopaedic Research and Education, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Brandon G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Santoni
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Musculoskeletal Research, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA. Electronic address: stwarden@iu.edu.
authors.forename: Stuart J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Warden
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D002102:Cadaver; D018483:Diaphyses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006811:Humerus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Bone density; bone size; least significant change; peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT); reproducibility