title: Frequency-dependent functional neuromodulatory effects on the motor network by ventral lateral thalamic deep brain stimulation in swine.
abstract: Thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an FDA-approved neurosurgical treatment for medication-refractory essential tremor. Its therapeutic benefit is highly dependent upon stimulation frequency and voltage parameters. We investigated these stimulation parameter-dependent effects on neural network activation by performing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during DBS of the ventral lateral (VL) thalamus and comparing the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signals induced by multiple stimulation parameter combinations in a within-subject study of swine. Low (10 Hz) and high (130 Hz) frequency stimulation was applied at 3, 5, and 7 V in the VL thalamus of normal swine (n = 5). We found that stimulation frequency and voltage combinations differentially modulated the brain network activity in the sensorimotor cortex, the basal ganglia, and the cerebellum in a parameter-dependent manner. Notably, in the motor cortex, high frequency stimulation generated a negative BOLD response, while low frequency stimulation increased the positive BOLD response. These frequency-dependent differential effects suggest that the VL thalamus is an exemplary target for investigating functional network connectivity associated with therapeutic DBS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Seungleal B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Paek
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Hoon-Ki
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Inyong
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Emily J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Allan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bieber
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. Electronic address: lee.kendall@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Kendall H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. Electronic address: chang.suyoune@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Su-Youne
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000502:physiology; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology*; D066191:Sensorimotor Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D013552:Swine; D020651:Ventral Thalamic Nuclei / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Deep brain stimulation (DBS); Essential tremor (ET); High frequency stimulation (HFS); Low frequency stimulation (LFS); Ventral lateral thalamus (VL thalamus); fMRI