title: Equine sarcoid: In situ demonstration of matrix metalloproteinase expression.
abstract: Sarcoids are the most prevalent equine skin tumours and remain a therapeutic challenge due to their differing clinical morphology, local aggressive behaviour, and high recurrence following surgical treatment. In vitro, sarcoid derived fibroblasts are invasive and express matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -1, -2 and -9. It was hypothesised that the MMPs produced by neoplastic cells play a role in both their local invasiveness and interaction with the overlying epidermis (picket fence formation). The objective of this morphological study was to investigate the local behaviour and in situ MMP expression pattern in sarcoids of different clinical types. A total of 43 surgically excised sarcoids were examined by histology, immunohistology for the expression of MMP-1, -2 and -9, and transmission electron microscopy. Regardless of the clinical type, sarcoids showed local invasion of the dermis and damage to the basement membrane in areas of interaction with the epidermis. This was associated with MMP-1 expression in both neoplastic cells and epidermis. The results suggest a link between MMP-1 expression and the local aggressiveness of sarcoids regardless of the clinical type.
authors.affiliation: Philip Leverhulme Equine Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, Wirral CH64 7TE, UK; Three Counties Equine Hospital, Ripple, Tewkesbury GL20 6HE, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mosseri
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hetzel
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Shelley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, Wirral CH64 7TE, UK.
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Michaloupoulou
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Science Park IC2, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK; Department of Infection Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Science Park IC2, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.
authors.forename: Hannah Clare
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Sallabank
authors.affiliation: Philip Leverhulme Equine Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, Wirral CH64 7TE, UK.
authors.forename: Derek C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Knottenbelt
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Science Park IC2, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK; Department of Infection Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Science Park IC2, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK. Electronic address: anja.kipar@uzh.ch.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kipar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006653:Histology; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D006736:Horses; D008297:Male; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission / Q000662:veterinary; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000662:veterinary*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1
keywords: Basement membrane; Dermal invasion; Equine sarcoid; Matrix metalloproteinases; Picket fence formation