title: Extraction of lycopene from tomato processing waste: kinetics and modelling.
abstract: Lycopene, a nutraceutical compound, was extracted from tomato processing waste, an abundantly available food industry by-product in Italy. The extraction kinetics was mathematically described using the first order kinetic model, the mass transfer model and Peleg's model to understand the physicochemical behaviour of the extraction. Samples were extracted using acetone/n-hexane mixtures at different ratios (1:3, 2:2 and 3:1, v/v) and at different temperatures (30, 40 and 50 °C) and simultaneously analysed using UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The lycopene yield was in the range 3.47-4.03 mg/100g, which corresponds to a percentage recovery of 65.22-75.75. All kinetic models gave a good fit to the experimental data, but the best one was Peleg's model, having the highest RAdj(2) and the lowest RMSE, MBE and χ(2) values. All the models confirmed that a temperature of 30 °C and solvent mixture of acetone/n-hexane 1:3 (v/v) provided optimal conditions for extraction of lycopene.
authors.affiliation: University of Camerino, School of Science & Technology, Section Chemistry, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
authors.forename: Mahesha M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Poojary
authors.affiliation: University of Camerino, School of Science & Technology, Section Chemistry, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy. Electronic address: paolo.passamonti@unicam.it.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Passamonti
mesh_terms: D002338:Carotenoids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D019649:Food Industry / Q000379:methods*; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D007700:Kinetics; D000077276:Lycopene; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D002338:Carotenoids; D000077276:Lycopene
keywords: Kinetic models; Lycopene; Lycopene (PubChem CID: 446925); Solid–liquid extraction; Tomato processing waste