title: Baicalein protects against hypertension associated with diabetes: effect on vascular reactivity and stiffness.
abstract: The present work investigated the possible protective effect of baicalein, a natural lipoxygenase enzyme inhibitor, on both insulin deficiency (ID) and insulin resistance (IR)-induced macro-vascular impairment. ID and IR were induced by STZ or fructose for 8 or 12 weeks respectively while baicalein was administered in the last six weeks. Blood pressure (BP) was recorded and isolated aorta reactivity to phenylephrine (PE) and acetylcholine (ACh) were studied. Blood levels of glucose, insulin, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined. Aortic nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) activation was assessed. Both models resulted in elevated BP, increased vasoconstriction and impaired relaxation KCl, elevated TNF-α and AGEs, NF-κB activation, marked infiltration of leukocytes in the adventitia, pyknosis of endothelial cells and marked collagen deposition. Baicalein ameliorated elevations in BP in models, prevented exaggerated vasoconstriction IR model and improved relaxation in ID model. Baicalein reduced AGEs and TNF-α level, decreased NF-κB activation and inhibited histopathological changes in both models. Baicalein offsets the hypertensive and the vascular impairment associated with both diabetic models via ameliorating functional and structural derangements of blood vessels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt. Electronic address: helbassossy@kau.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Hany M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: El-Bassossy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
authors.forename: Noura Ahmed
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mona Fouad
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Mahmoud
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fahmy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D044950:Flavanones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D044950:Flavanones; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C006680:baicalein
keywords: Baicalein; Complication; Diabetes; Rat