title: Adipocyte-specific IKKβ signaling suppresses adipose tissue inflammation through an IL-13-dependent paracrine feedback pathway.
abstract: Adipose tissue inflammation is one pathway shown to mediate insulin resistance in obese humans and rodents. Obesity induces dynamic cellular changes in adipose tissue to increase proinflammatory cytokines and diminish anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, we have found that anti-inflammatory interleukin-13 (IL-13) is unexpectedly induced in adipose tissue of obese humans and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, and the source of IL-13 is primarily the adipocyte. Moreover, HFD-induced proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and IL-1β mediate IL-13 production in adipocytes in an IKKβ-dependent manner. In contrast, adipocyte-specific IKKβ-deficient mice show diminished IL-13 expression and enhanced inflammation after HFD feeding, resulting in a worsening of the insulin-resistant state. Together these data demonstrate that although IKKβ activates the expression of proinflammatory mediators, in adipocytes, IKKβ signaling also induces the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-13, which plays a unique protective role by limiting adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Diabetes Research and Training Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
authors.forename: Hyokjoon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Diabetes Research and Training Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
authors.forename: Sarnia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laurent
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Diabetes Research and Training Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Diabetes Research and Training Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
authors.forename: Haihong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zong
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Diabetes Research and Training Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
authors.forename: Pratibha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vemulapalli
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Diabetes Research and Training Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Diabetes Research and Training Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. Electronic address: jeffrey.pessin@einstein.yu.edu.
authors.forename: Jeffrey E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Pessin
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004822:Epididymis / Q000378:metabolism; D025461:Feedback, Physiological; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000378:metabolism*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000502:physiology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D019899:Paracrine Communication; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D018793:Interleukin-13; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase