title: Differences in the acute inflammatory and glucose regulatory responses between small-sided games and cycling in sedentary, middle-aged men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study compared the acute inflammatory and glucose regulatory response within and between rugby specific small-sided games and stationary cycling in sedentary, middle-aged Caucasian men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine middle-aged, sedentary men who were free from disease participated in 2 × 40 min exercise conditions (stationary cycling and small-sided games) in a randomised, cross-over design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Heart rate and Rating of Perceived Exertion were collected during each bout. Venous blood was collected at fasting, 0, 30, 60 and 240 min post-exercise for measurement of glucose, insulin, cortisol and inflammatory markers including tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1 β, interleukin-6, interleukin-1 receptor agonist and C-reactive protein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences existed between conditions for heart rate and Rating of Perceived Exertion (p > 0.05). Interleukin-6 was increased immediately post-exercise in both conditions (p < 0.05), but greater in small-sided games at 240 min post-exercise compared with stationary cycling (p < 0.05). Glucose was lower in small-sided games than stationary cycling at 30 and 240 min post-exercise (p < 0.05). Interleukin-1 receptor agonist, insulin and cortisol showed an exercise-induced increase (p < 0.05), with no significant differences between conditions (p > 0.05). Results for C-reactive protein, tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1 β showed no significant exercise-induced changes within or between conditions (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both small-sided games and stationary cycling conditions were sufficient to stimulate an acute anti-inflammatory response as indicated by the post-exercise elevation of interleukin-6, interleukin-1 receptor agonist and cortisol. The novel findings are that an acute bout of small-sided games bout is capable of maintaining an elevated post-exercise interleukin-6 response and lowered blood glucose concentration, compared with intensity- and duration-matched stationary cycling condition.
authors.affiliation: School of Human Movement Studies, Charles Sturt University, Australia. Electronic address: amendham@csu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Amy E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Mendham
authors.affiliation: Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, UTS: Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Australia.
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Duffield
authors.affiliation: School of Human Movement Studies, Charles Sturt University, Australia.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.affiliation: Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, UTS: Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Australia.
authors.forename: Aaron J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Coutts
mesh_terms: D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005080:Exercise Test; D005538:Football / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005082:Physical Exertion; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000819:agonists / Q000097:blood; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: CRP; Cortisol; Football; IL-6; Insulin; TNF-α