title: TGFBI Expression in Cancer Stromal Cells is Associated with Poor Prognosis and Hematogenous Recurrence in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an important cause of cancer-related death worldwide. To improve prognoses in patients with ESCC, we evaluated the potential of transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein (TGFBI), which is overexpressed in ESCC, as a therapeutic candidate.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the clinical significance of TBFBI in 102 ESCC samples using real-time RT-PCR. Immunohistochemical studies were conducted to examine the localization of TGFBI. Knockdown of TGFBI in cocultured fibroblasts was performed to determine the roles of TGFBI in migration and invasion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The level of TGFBI in ESCC tissues was higher than that in normal tissues. The high TGFBI expression group (n = 16) had higher TGFB1 expression and more frequent hematogenous recurrence than the low-expression group (n = 86). High TGFBI expression was an independent prognostic factor in patients with ESCC. TGFBI was mainly localized in stromal cells of ESCC. Moreover, suppression of TGFBI in fibroblasts inhibited the migration and invasion capacity of TE8 ESCC cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High TGFBI expression in ESCC tissues could be a powerful biomarker of poor prognosis and hematogenous recurrence. TGFBI in stromal cells might be a promising molecular target for ESCC treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan. m11702027@gunma-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Daigo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ozawa
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokobori
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sohda
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Keigo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Honjo
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuwano
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017209:Apoptosis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary*; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D015996:Survival Rate; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014945:Wound Healing; D000099222:betaIG-H3 Protein
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D000099222:betaIG-H3 Protein