title: Microbiome in human immunodeficiency virus infection.
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) primary infection occurs at mucosa tissues, suggesting an intricate interplay between the microbiome and HIV infection. Recent advanced technologies of high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics allow researchers to explore nonculturable microbes, including bacteria, virus, and fungi, and their association with diseases. HIV/simian immunodeficiency virus infection is associated with microbiome shifts and immune activation that may affect the outcome of disease progression. In this review, the authors focus on microbiome in HIV infection at various mucosal compartments. Understanding the relationship between microbiome and HIV may offer insights into development of better strategies for HIV prevention and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
authors.forename: January T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Salas
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07103, USA. Electronic address: changth@njms.rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Theresa L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D064307:Microbiota; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D010413:Penis / Q000382:microbiology; D012007:Rectum / Q000382:microbiology; D014621:Vagina / Q000382:microbiology
keywords: HIV pathogenesis; HIV transmission; Immune activation; Microbial translocation; Microbiome