title: Drowning the pain: intimate partner violence and drinking to cope prospectively predict problem drinking.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study examined the longitudinal association among drinking problems, drinking to cope, and degree of intimate partner violence (IPV). Two competing models were tested; the first model posited that drinking to cope leads to greater drinking problems and this subsequently leads to more violence in the relationship (an intoxication-violence model). The second model speculated that violence in the relationship leads to drinking to cope, which in turn leads to greater drinking problems (a self-medication model).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight hundred and eighteen undergraduate students at a large north-western university participated in the study over a two year period, completing assessments of IPV, alcohol related problems and drinking to cope at five time points over a two year period as part of a larger social norms intervention study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analyses examined two competing models; analyses indicated that there was support for the self-mediation model, whereby people who have experienced violence have more drinking problems later, and this association is temporally mediated by drinking to cope.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current results are discussed in light of past research on the self-medication model.
authors.affiliation: University of Houston, United States. Electronic address: coverup@uh.edu.
authors.forename: Camilla S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Øverup
authors.affiliation: University of Houston, United States.
authors.forename: Angelo M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: DiBello
authors.affiliation: Pennsylvania State University, United States.
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Brunson
authors.affiliation: University of Houston, United States.
authors.forename: Linda K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Acitelli
authors.affiliation: University of Houston, United States.
authors.forename: Clayton
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Neighbors
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D015205:Northwestern United States; D012747:Sexual Partners / Q000523:psychology*; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: Alcohol-related problems; Drinking problems; Drinking to cope; Intimate partner violence; Longitudinal mediation