title: [Infections due to Mycobacterium simiae].
abstract: Mycobacterium simiae is a slow-growing photochromogenic environmental mycobacterium, first described in 1965. Rarely associated with human infections, possibly due to its limited pathogenicity, it mainly produces lung infection in immunocompetent elderly patients with underlying lung disease, and in disseminated infections in immunosuppressed young patients with AIDS. A microbiological culture is needed to confirm the clinical suspicion, and genetic sequencing techniques are essential to correctly identify the species. Treating M. simiae infections is complicated, owing to the multiple resistance to tuberculous drugs and the lack of correlation between in vitro susceptibility data and in vivo response. Proper treatment is yet to be defined, but must include clarithromycin combined with other antimicrobials such as moxifloxacin and cotrimoxazole. It is possible that M. simiae infections are undiagnosed.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, España. Electronic address: pedromartos@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: García-Martos
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Toledo, España.
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: García-Agudo
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, España.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: González-Moya
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, España.
authors.forename: Fátima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Galán
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, España.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Iglesias
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D057210:Delayed Diagnosis; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D000882:Haplorhini; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D008992:Monkey Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D009165:Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000662:veterinary; D009170:Nontuberculous Mycobacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D015047:Zoonoses
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000995:Antitubercular Agents
keywords: Enfermedad pulmonar; Lung disease; Micobacterias no tuberculosas; Micobacteriosis; Mycobacterial diseases; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Non-tuberculous mycobacteria; Tuberculosis