title: Pro-inflammatory cytokines correlate with classical risk factors for atherosclerosis in the admixed Brazilian older women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Measurement of inflammatory markers for risk stratification of vascular disorders has been the focus of numerous investigations worldwide, and usually reveals augmented levels of circulating cytokines/chemokines among carriers of classic risk factors for atherosclerosis. Nonetheless, this low-grade inflammatory milieu detected in aged individuals tends to be influenced by body composition. Moreover, cardiovascular risk factors have a complex genetic etiology, and disregarding the genetic heritage may produce spurious results owing to interethnic differences. In this complex scenario, our study was designed to verify the existence and strength of the association between selected mediators of systemic inflammation and classic risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a sample of post-menopausal older women, correlation analyses explored the association of circulating levels of IL1α, IL1β, IL8, IL10 and IL12 with atherosclerosis-related clinical/metabolic parameters, using age, body mass index (BMI), genetic ancestry estimates as standard correction factors. Further adjustment for use of therapeutic agents was applied when appropriate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our analyses revealed association of log10-transformed IL-12 titers with VLDL-c levels (r=.192; p=.002) and with SBP (r-.185; p=.003), and of log10-transformed IL-8 titers with GLY (r=.235; p<.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interpretation to the results account to a possible dysregulation of the PPAR signaling pathway to explain the association of IL12 and VLDL-c, and to IL8-driven mechanisms to promote dysglycemia. No previous report sought to investigate the relationship between this set of inflammatory markers and classic risk factors for atherosclerosis correcting for the heterogeneity in genetic admixture and body composition of Brazilian post-menopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Graduation Program in Gerontology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alause Silva
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Pires
authors.affiliation: Graduation Program in Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vinícius Carolino
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Graduation Program in Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberta Silva
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Paula
authors.affiliation: Graduation Program in Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana Oliveira
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Toledo
authors.affiliation: Graduation Program in Molecular Pathology, University of Brasília, Brazil.
authors.forename: Túlio Cesar
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Lins
authors.affiliation: Graduation Program in Gerontology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brazil; Geriatrics Service, Hospital of the Catholic University of Brasília, Brazil.
authors.forename: Clayton Franco
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.affiliation: Graduation Program in Gerontology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brazil; Graduation Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Córdova
authors.affiliation: Graduation Program in Molecular Pathology, University of Brasília, Brazil; Graduation Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brazil; Graduation Program in Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rinaldo Wellerson
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Graduation Program in Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brazil; Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, University of Brasília, Brazil. Electronic address: otavionobrega@unb.br.
authors.forename: Otávio Toledo
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Nóbrega
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016209:Interleukin-8; D007378:Interleukins; D018664:Interleukin-12
keywords: Admixture; Atherosclerosis; Genetic ancestry; Inflammation; Interleukin