title: Distinct kinetics of viral replication, T cell infiltration, and fibrosis in three phases of myocarditis following Theiler's virus infection.
abstract: We established a novel model of myocarditis induced with Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV), which has been used as a viral model for multiple sclerosis and seizure/epilepsy. Following TMEV infection, C3H mice developed severe myocarditis with T cell infiltration, while C57BL/6 mice had mild lesions and SJL/J mice had no inflammation in the heart. In C3H mice, myocarditis was divided into three phases: acute viral, subacute immune, and chronic fibrotic phases. Using toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-deficient C3H mice, we found that interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, TLR4, and anti-viral immune responses were associated with myocarditis susceptibility.
authors.forename: Fumitaka
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Omura
authors.forename: Eiichiro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Nicholas E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Madan M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Acharya
authors.forename: Pratap C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Ganta V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Chaitanya
authors.forename: J Steven
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tsunoda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000276:immunology; D007700:Kinetics; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D017945:Theilovirus / Q000502:physiology*; D014779:Virus Replication