title: Anatomy of the triceps surae: a pictorial essay.
abstract: Gastrocnemius contracture has recently gained relevance owing to its suggested relationship with foot disorders such as metatarsalgia, plantar fasciopathy, hallux valgus, and others. Consequently this has induced a renewed interest in surgical lengthening techniques, including proximal gastrocnemius release, to resolve gastrocnemius contracture in patients with foot disorders. This article describes and discusses the general anatomy of the triceps surae and the surgical anatomy of the gastrocnemius.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Arthroscopic and Surgical Anatomy, Human Anatomy Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, C/Feixa Llarga, s/n, 08907, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Miquel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dalmau-Pastor
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Arthroscopic and Surgical Anatomy, Human Anatomy Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, C/Feixa Llarga, s/n, 08907, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Betlem
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fargues-Polo
authors.affiliation: Anatomy Unit, Biomedical Department, University of Antofagasta, Av. Universidad de Antofagasta s/n (Campus Coloso), Antofagasta 1240000, Chile.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Casanova-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Unit of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Hospital Quirón, Plaça d'Alfonso Comín 5, Barcelona 08023, Spain. Electronic address: jordivega@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vega
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Arthroscopic and Surgical Anatomy, Human Anatomy Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, C/Feixa Llarga, s/n, 08907, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Pau
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Golanó
mesh_terms: D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology*
keywords: Anatomy; Calcaneal tendon; Gastrocnemius; Gastrocnemius-soleus complex; Plantaris muscle; Soleus; Surgical anatomy