title: Controversies in the management of severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
abstract: Despite years of progress in perinatal care, severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) remains a clinical challenge. Controversies include almost every facet of clinical care: the definition of severe CDH by prenatal and postnatal criteria, fetal surgical intervention, ventilator management, pulmonary hypertension management, use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, surgical considerations, and long-term follow-up. Breakthroughs are likely only possible by sharing of experience, collaboration between institutions and innovative therapies within well-designed multicenter clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: The Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Danzer
authors.affiliation: The Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: hedrick@email.chop.edu.
authors.forename: Holly L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Hedrick
mesh_terms: D019468:Disease Management; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; D005333:Fetus / Q000601:surgery*; D065630:Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D018743:Perinatal Care; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis
keywords: Clinical management; Congenital diaphragmatic hernia; Prenatal diagnosis; Pulmonary hypertension; Ventilation