title: Subclavian carotid transposition: immediate and long-term outcomes of 126 surgical reconstructions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Subclavian carotid transposition (SCT) is a safe, effective, and durable treatment in atherosclerotic disease of the proximal subclavian artery. We report about our experience in SCT in a retrospective study with a long-term outcome in 126 cases and discuss our results with the current literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1995 to December 2013, we treated 126 patients (51 men, 75 women; mean age, 60.9 years; range, 25-80 years) for proximal subclavian atherosclerotic lesions. Preoperative angiography revealed 58 stenoses (46.0%) and 68 occlusions (54.0%). We performed 126 SCTs. The following parameters were documented through a retrospective chart review: demographic data, occlusion site, preoperative symptoms, cardiovascular risk profile, coexisting cerebrovascular disease, and postoperative outcome. Continuous variables are summarized as mean. Categoric variables are expressed as frequency and percentage. Survival and patency rates were estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four immediate occlusions and 1 hemodynamic relevant stenosis (4.0%) occurred postoperatively. Thrombectomy was successful in 2 and a carotid axillary bypass was performed in 3 cases. Three strokes occurred, one during concomitant carotid endarterectomy. The 30-day mortality was 0%. Follow-up data were obtained on 106 of 126 patients (84.0%). The mean follow-up period was 53.8 months (range, 3-159 months). Twenty-three (18.3%) late deaths occurred. Estimated survival was 121.48 ± 6.86 months (range, 3-112 months). Ninety-five percent reported continuous resolution of symptoms. Primary patency rate was 96.0% and secondary patency rate was 100% at 30 days. The long-term patency rate was 96.3% at a mean follow-up of 53.8 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SCT is safe, effective, and durable in the long term. SCT is a standard procedure for occlusion and stenosis. Vessel occlusions, ineffective angioplasty, and preparation for thoracic stent grafting make SCT an important procedure in the surgeon's repertoire.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: mansur.duran@uni-duesseldorf.de.
authors.forename: Mansur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duran
authors.affiliation: Service de Chirurgie vasculaire/Maladies vasculaires, Hôpitaux Robert Schuman - Hôpital Kirchberg, Kirchberg, Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grotemeyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Magdalena A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Danch
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grabitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schelzig
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Tolga Atilla
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Sagban
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013348:Subclavian Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013349:Subclavian Steal Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017131:Thrombectomy; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014654:Vascular Patency