title: Phytic acid: an alternative root canal chelating agent.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of phytic acid, inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6), as a final rinse on the surface of instrumented root canals and smear-layered flat dentin surfaces treated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and to evaluate its effect on the viability and alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1).
  
  
  METHODS
  The universally accepted chelating agent EDTA was used as the control in all conducted experiments. Root canals of human canines were instrumented with rotary files and irrigated with 5% NaOCl, followed by a final rinse of 17% EDTA (1 minute), 1% IP6 (1 minute or 30 seconds), or distilled water. NaOCl-treated flat coronal dentin surfaces were also treated with 17% EDTA (1 minute), 1% IP6 (1 minute or 30 seconds), or distilled water. The presence or absence of smear layer was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy. Cell viability and alkaline phosphatase assays were performed to evaluate the effect of IP6 and EDTA on cultured MC3T3-E1 cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results demonstrated the ability of IP6 to remove the smear layer from instrumented root canals and flat coronal dentin surfaces. When compared with EDTA, IP6 was less cytotoxic and did not affect the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IP6 shows the potential to be an effective and biocompatible chelating agent.
authors.affiliation: Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program, International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mohannad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nassar
authors.affiliation: Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: hiraope@tmd.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hiraishi
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology, Department of Bio-Matrix, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.affiliation: Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Otsuki
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology, Department of Bio-Matrix, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.affiliation: Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program, International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tagami
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003481:Cuspid / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010833:Phytic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000379:methods; D012390:Root Canal Therapy; D016369:Smear Layer / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D010833:Phytic Acid; D004492:Edetic Acid; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: Chelating agent; EDTA; phytic acid; root canal; smear layer