title: In-vitro activity of taurolidine on single species and a multispecies population associated with periodontitis.
abstract: The antimicrobial activity of taurolidine was compared with minocycline against microbial species associated with periodontitis (four single strains and a 12-species mixture). Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs), killing as well as activities on established and forming single-species biofilms and a 12-species biofilm were determined. The MICs of taurolidine against single species were always 0.31 mg/ml, the MBCs were 0.64 mg/ml. The used mixed microbiota was less sensitive to taurolidine, MIC and the MBC was 2.5 mg/ml. The strains and the mixture were completely killed by 2.5 mg/ml taurolidine, whereas 256 μg/ml minocycline reduced the bacterial counts of the mixture by 5 log10 colony forming units (cfu). Coating the surface with 10 mg/ml taurolidine or 256 μg/ml minocycline prevented completely biofilm formation of Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 but not of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Y4 and the mixture. On 4.5 d old biofilms, taurolidine acted concentration dependent with a reduction by 5 log10 cfu (P. gingivalis ATCC 33277) and 7 log10 cfu (A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4) when applying 10 mg/ml. Minocycline decreased the cfu counts by 1-2 log10 cfu independent of the used concentration. The reduction of the cfu counts in the 4.5 d old multi-species biofilms was about 3 log10 cfu after application of any minocycline concentration and after using 10 mg/ml taurolidine. Taurolidine is active against species associated with periodontitis, even within biofilms. Nevertheless a complete elimination of complex biofilms by taurolidine seems to be impossible and underlines the importance of a mechanical removal of biofilms prior to application of taurolidine.
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Lilly
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zollinger
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schnyder
authors.affiliation: Center of Electron Microscopy, University Hospital of Jena, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Sandor
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nietzsche
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sculean
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Switzerland. Electronic address: sigrun.eick@zmk.unibe.ch.
authors.forename: Sigrun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eick
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D013654:Taurine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013829:Thiadiazines / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D013829:Thiadiazines; D013654:Taurine; C012566:taurolidine
keywords: Biofilm; Minocycline; Periodontal pathogens; Taurolidine