title: Evaluation of a novel high-resolution magnifying videoendoscope that is capable of photodynamic diagnosis and therapy for gastric cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the usefulness of a novel high-resolution magnifying videoendoscope called the XG-0001 (Fujifilm, Tokyo, Japan) that is capable of PDD and PDT in experimental and clinical situations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The fluorescences of three photosensitizers (i.e., porfimer sodium (Photofrin), protoporphyrin IX and talaporfin sodium (Laserphyrin)) were studied experimentally via excitation with a purple diode laser (VDL, wavelength 405nm). Five consecutive patients with superficial early gastric cancer not indicated for surgery or other curative endoscopic treatment due to complicated serious diseases were enrolled in this study. After close endoscopic examinations, 2mg/kg of Photofrin were intravenously injected into the patients for PDT, and 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA; 15-20mg/kg) was orally taken for PDD. PDD using VDL and PDT using an excimer-dye laser (630nm, 4mJ, 60Hz) were performed with the XG-0001.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Photofrin and Laserphyrin had experimentally the lowest and highest fluorescence intensities, respectively. The five patients comprised four men and one woman with a mean age 75.2 year and an age range of 56-83 years. Two additional cancerous lesions were newly detected by magnifying pharmacoendoscopy. In each patient, PDD was successfully performed. PDT could also safely performed and CR was obtained in 71.4% (5/7) of the cancerous lesions in five patients, and no serious complications were encountered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The XG-0001, which is based on a simultaneous videoendoscopy method that uses an RGB color chip CCD, proved extremely useful in routine use and also in PDD and PDT for gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Informatics (Formerly Department of Endoscopy), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 811 Kita-kobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan. Electronic address: nakamurt@dokkyomed.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Nigamido Medical Clinic, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oinuma
authors.affiliation: Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidetsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
authors.affiliation: Masuyama Gastrointestinal Clinic, Japan.
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masuyama
authors.affiliation: Dokkyo Group of Academic Institutions, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Terano
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020776:Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014741:Video Recording / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents
keywords: Gastric cancer; High-resolution magnifying videoendoscope; Photodynamic diagnosis; Photodynamic therapy