title: High hepatitis E virus seroprevalence with absence of chronic infection in HIV-infected patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The seroprevalence of the hepatitis E virus (HEV) and its chronicity rate in the HIV-infected population has not been well established. As a result, the magnitude of this emerging disease in this population cannot be established.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study that included HIV-infected patients followed up between September 2012 and May 2013. All included patients were tested for anti-HEV IgG/IgM. In patients with confirmed anti-HEV IgG/IgM positivity, RT-PCR was performed. In patients where HEV RNA was amplified, a second RT-PCR assay was performed 6 months later to identify transient or chronic HEV infections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight hundred and ninety-four HIV-infected patients were enrolled in the study. Of these patients, 399 (44.6%) were monoinfected with HIV; 462 (51.6%) were co-infected with HIV/HCV; 12 (1.3%) were co-infected with HIV/HBV; and 21 (2.3%) were co-infected with HIV/HCV/HBV. In 88 patients, anti-HEV IgG/IgM was detected (seroprevalence: 9.8% [95% CI: 8.02%-11.9%]). In five patients (0.5%; 95% CI: 0.2%-1.2%), HEV RNA was detected; 5.7% (95% CI: 2.1%-12.1%) of the patients were anti-HEV IgG/IgM positive. None of these patients showed detectable HEV RNA six months later.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HEV infection is frequent in HIV-infected patients but developing a chronic HEV infection may be considered an uncommon liver disease in this population.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia de Córdoba, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain. Electronic address: arjvet@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rivero-Juarez
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia de Córdoba, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Loreto
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martinez-Dueñas
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia de Córdoba, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martinez-Peinado
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia de Córdoba, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Camacho
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/Hospital Universitario de Valme, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Celia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cifuentes
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia de Córdoba, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia de Córdoba, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frias
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia de Córdoba, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Torre-Cisneros
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/Hospital Universitario de Valme, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pineda
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia de Córdoba, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain. Electronic address: ariveror@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rivero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D060085:Coinfection; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D016751:Hepatitis E / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016752:Hepatitis E virus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M
keywords: Anti-HEV IgG; Anti-HEV IgM; HEV RNA; HIV; Hepatitis E virus; Seroprevalence