title: Keeping your distance: attentional withdrawal in individuals who show physiological signs of social discomfort.
abstract: Being in close social proximity to a stranger is generally perceived to be an uncomfortable experience, which most people seek to avoid. In circumstances where crowding is unavoidable, however, people may seek to withdraw their attention from the other person. This study examined whether social discomfort, as indexed by electrodermal activity, is related to a withdrawal of attention in 28 (m=8, f=20) university students. Students performed a radial line bisection task while alone or together with a stranger facing them. Physiological arousal was indexed by a wrist monitor, which recorded electrodermal activity. Correlational analyses showed that individuals who displayed physiological discomfort when together showed a withdrawal of the perceived midpoint of the line towards them (and away from the stranger). Conversely, individuals who showed no discomfort exhibited an expansion of the perceived midpoint away from them. We propose that participants shift their attention away from the stranger to increase interpersonal distance and reduce anxiety/arousal.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia. Electronic address: ancret.szpak@flinders.edu.au.
authors.forename: Ancret
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szpak
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Loetscher
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Owen
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Churches
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Nicole A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Spence
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael E R
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Nicholls
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001288:Attention; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016011:Normal Distribution; D010550:Personal Space; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011930:Reaction Time; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Crowding; Radial line bisection; Social proximity; Spatial attention