title: IS elements in Aliivibrio salmonicida LFI1238: occurrence, variability and impact on adaptability.
abstract: Insertion sequence (IS) elements are short, self-replicating DNA sequences that are capable of efficiently spreading over the host genome. Possessing varied integration specificity IS elements are capable of the irreversible inactivation of genes, which diversifies the pool of intact genetic determinants in host populations. In the current study, we performed a complex analysis of IS elements (Vsa IS) in the previously sequenced genome of Aliivibrio salmonicida LFI1238 and proposed a model of the spread of the Vsa IS elements over the genome of this microorganism. Along with the prediction of the integration sites for Vsa IS elements, the current study provides an overview of the properties of A. salmonicida IS elements, as well as information regarding their occurrence in different bacterial classes. An analysis of individual alleles of the IS elements has allowed us to depict a history of the accumulation of mutations and to describe distinctive microevolution lines for actively transposing Vsa IS elements in the genome of A. salmonicida LFI1238. Our results demonstrate the high importance of the dead end microevolution of actively transposing Vsa IS elements for the inactivation of genes in A. salmonicida LFI1238.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian University of Live Sciences, Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, NMBU - Campus Adamstuen, Ullevalsveien 72, Oslo 0454, Norway. Electronic address: alexander.kashulin@nmbu.no.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kashulin
authors.affiliation: Norwegian University of Live Sciences, Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, NMBU - Campus Adamstuen, Ullevalsveien 72, Oslo 0454, Norway. Electronic address: henning.sorum@nmbu.no.
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sørum
authors.affiliation: University of Tromsø, FPARK G 121/Forskningsparken 3, 9037 Tromsø, Norway. Electronic address: erik.hjerde@uit.no.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hjerde
authors.affiliation: University of Tromsø, FPARK G 121/Forskningsparken 3, 9037 Tromsø, Norway. Electronic address: nils-peder.willassen@uit.no.
authors.forename: Nils P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Willassen
mesh_terms: D044165:Aliivibrio salmonicida / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D057225:Data Mining; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D009154:Mutation; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements
keywords: IS microevolution lines; Insertion sequence elements; Target sites; Transposase; Transposition