title: [Definition of pregnancy losses: Standardization of terminology from the French National College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (CNGOF)].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  While a number of glossaries have been produced by various authorities in different countries, at present there is no internationally accepted common set of definitions for many terms used to describe pregnancy losses. The objective of the current study was to provide a standardized French/English terminology/glossary relating to pregnancy losses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature review, construction of a glossary and rating of proposals using a formal consensus method. The glossary was subject of a critical comprehensive review by a meeting of professionals (multidisciplinary panel).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A miscarriage is a spontaneous evacuation of an intra-uterine pregnancy<22WG. A missed early miscarriage is when ultrasound (<14WG) shows no growth of intra-uterine sac/embryo and/or loss of fetal heart activity. An early miscarriage is when spontaneous evacuation of intra-uterine pregnancy occurs <14WG. A complete early miscarriage is when there is no retained products of conception (empty uterus on ultrasound) and no bleeding nor pain. Incomplete early miscarriage is when ultrasonography shows retained products of conception in the uterine cavity (including cervical canal). Repeat miscarriage or recurrent pregnancy loss is when the woman experiences 3 or more consecutive miscarriages <14WG. A late miscarriage is when there is spontaneous evacuation of pregnancy ≥14WG and <22WG. A threatened late miscarriage is when shortening/opening of the cervix±uterine contraction occur ≥14WG and <22WG. An intra-uterine fetal demise is when there is a spontaneous loss of fetal heart activity ≥14 WG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The final current terminology should be used by all healthcare professionals.
authors.affiliation: Pôle de gynécologie-obstétrique-reproduction humaine, CHU Estaing, 1, place Lucie-Aubrac, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 1, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Delabaere
authors.affiliation: Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, CHI Poissy-Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 10, rue du Champ-Gaillard, 78300 Poissy, France; EA 7285, risques cliniques et sécurité en santé des femmes, université Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78000 Versailles, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huchon
authors.affiliation: Inserm U1085, service de gynécologie, hôpital Sud, CHU de Rennes, université de Rennes-1, 16, boulevard de Bulgarie, 35000 Rennes, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lavoue
authors.affiliation: Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, centre hospitalier d'Auch-en-Gascogne, allée Marie-Clarac, 32008 Auch, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lejeune
authors.affiliation: Service de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, hôpital Antoine-Béclère, AP-HP, 157, rue de la Porte-de-Trivaux, 92140 Clamart, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Iraola
authors.affiliation: Service de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, hôpital Antoine-Béclère, AP-HP, 157, rue de la Porte-de-Trivaux, 92140 Clamart, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nedellec
authors.affiliation: Service de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, hôpital Antoine-Béclère, AP-HP, 157, rue de la Porte-de-Trivaux, 92140 Clamart, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gallot
authors.affiliation: Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, hôpital Bicêtre, GHU Sud, AP-HP, 78, rue du Général-Leclerc, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; CESP-Inserm, U1018, 63, rue Gabriel-Péri, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Faculté de médecine, université Paris-Sud, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Capmas
authors.affiliation: Service de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, CHU de Caen, avenue Côte-de-Nacre, 14033 Caen cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Beucher
authors.affiliation: Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, CHU Jeanne-de-Flandre, 59037 Lille cedex, France; EA 2694, PRES université Lille-Nord de France, 59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Subtil
authors.affiliation: Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, hôpital Nord, AP-HM, chemin des Bourrely, 13915 Marseille cedex 20, France; Faculté de médecine, Aix-Marseille université (AMU), 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Carcopino
authors.affiliation: Service de cytogénétique, CHI Poissy-Saint-Germain, 10, rue du Champ-Gaillard, 78300 Poissy, France; EA 2493, UFR des sciences de la santé Simone-Veil, université Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78000 Versailles, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vialard
authors.affiliation: Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; Inserm U1150, CNRS UMR 7222, UPMC université Paris 06, Sorbonne universités, 75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nizard
authors.affiliation: Pôle de gynécologie-obstétrique-reproduction humaine, CHU Estaing, 1, place Lucie-Aubrac, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 1, France; Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, CHI Poissy-Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 10, rue du Champ-Gaillard, 78300 Poissy, France.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Quibel
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine inter-pôle médecine, centre de référence maladies auto-immunes et maladies systémiques rares, hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, université René-Descartes Paris V, AP-HP, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75013 Paris, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Costedoat-Chalumeau
authors.affiliation: Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, CHU Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49033 Angers cedex 01, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Legendre
authors.affiliation: Pôle de gynécologie-obstétrique-reproduction humaine, CHU Estaing, 1, place Lucie-Aubrac, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 1, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Venditelli
authors.affiliation: Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, CHI Poissy-Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 10, rue du Champ-Gaillard, 78300 Poissy, France; EA 7285, risques cliniques et sécurité en santé des femmes, université Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78000 Versailles, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rozenberg
authors.affiliation: Pôle de gynécologie-obstétrique-reproduction humaine, CHU Estaing, 1, place Lucie-Aubrac, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 1, France; EA 4681 PEPRADE, faculté de médecine, université d'Auvergne, 28, place Henri-Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lemery
authors.affiliation: Service de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, hôpital Antoine-Béclère, AP-HP, 157, rue de la Porte-de-Trivaux, 92140 Clamart, France; Faculté de médecine, université Paris-Sud, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. Electronic address: xavier.deffieux@abc.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Deffieux
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death; D005602:France; D006176:Gynecology / Q000592:standards*; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans; D009774:Obstetrics / Q000592:standards*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012955:Societies, Medical / Q000592:standards*; D009626:Terminology as Topic
keywords: Fausse couche; Fausses couches à répétition; Fetal loss; Miscarriage; Perte de grossesse; Perte fœtale; Pregnancy loss; Repeat miscarriage; Terminologie; Terminology