title: Influence of rice growth on the fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a subtropical paddy field: a life cycle study.
abstract: We measured the concentrations and profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the soil, water, and rice tissues from a typical subtropical paddy system at various stages of rice growth over two growing seasons. Rice growth had a significant impact on the distribution and dissipation of PAHs in the paddy field. While rice was growing, the concentrations of PAHs in the soils decreased at an average decline rate of 5.3±2.9 ng PAHs g(-1) soild(-1), whereas, the concentrations of PAHs in rice tissues increased with growth time. However, the concentrations of PAHs in the rice leaves decreased during the heading stage of both two growing seasons. PAH profiles in soil, water, and different rice tissues also showed different patterns with the growing time of rice. Irrigation water was a significant source of PAHs to the paddy field. Rice growth enhanced the dissipation and transport of PAHs in the paddy system, while the sewage irrigation and straw burning after harvest added or returned PAHs to the system. For food safety precaution, sewage irrigation and straw burning should be well monitored and controlled.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors.forename: Shaorui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China. Electronic address: clluo@gig.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Chunling
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
authors.forename: Suhong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ming
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors.forename: Gan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Xiangdong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D012621:Seasons; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014329:Tropical Climate; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Environmental fate; PAHs; Paddy field; Rice; Soil; Water