title: Neuropeptides as neuroprotective agents: Oxytocin a forefront developmental player in the mammalian brain.
abstract: Oxytocin (OT) plays a major role in the establishment of social bonds. Social bonds are linked to the activation of cell signaling pathways that promote neurotrophic and synaptic maturation, plasticity and memory changes. Anti-social behavior is often associated with abnormalities of cell signaling pathways and/or defective function of brain neurotransmitters within behavioral CNS circuits due to unproper environmental and social factors, such as, diet, stress, chemical, air pollution, and noise, during gestational period or/and during early postnatal development. OT exerts an important regulatory functions in maternity and parental behaviors, lactation, attachment, bonding, trust, and sensorial functions such as: homeostatic cardiovascular control, satiety, touch, pain, analgesia and sexual behavior. Noteworthy, OT displays important neuroprotective properties against fetal programmed hypertension when administered during early postnatal life, added to its known anabolic properties shown in adult rats, e.g. body weight control, reduces blood pressure, and increases analgesia. This review focuses on the new evidences supporting OT's role as a major neuroprotective nonapeptide provided by its quality to reverse hypertension programmed in utero by undernutrition.
authors.affiliation: Neurobiology of Malnutrition, Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Cinvestav, I.P.N, Av. Instituto Politècnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, AP 12-740 Mexico, D.F., Mexico. Electronic address: fmvargas@fisio.cinvestav.mx.
authors.forename: Froylan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vargas-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Environmental Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Upsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uvnäs-Moberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Karolinska Institut, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petersson
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Hanna Agustin
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Olausson
authors.affiliation: Neurobiology of Malnutrition, Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Cinvestav, I.P.N, Av. Instituto Politècnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, AP 12-740 Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Ismael
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Estrada
keywords: BDNF; Cholecystokinin; Development; Fetal programming; Hypertension; Oxytocin