title: Fabrication of biomembrane-like films on carbon electrodes using alkanethiol and diazonium salt and their application for direct electrochemistry of myoglobin.
abstract: Alkanethiols generally form self-assembled monolayers on gold electrodes and the electrochemical reduction of aromatic diazonium salts is a popular method for the covalent modification of carbon. Based on the reaction of alkanethiol with aldehyde groups covalently bound on carbon surface by the electrochemical reduction of aromatic diazonium salts, a new strategy for the modification of carbon electrodes with alkanethiols has been developed. The modification of carbon surface with aldehyde groups is achieved by the electrochemical reduction of aromatic diazonium salts in situ electrogenerated from a nitro precursor, p-nitrophenylaldehyde, in the presence of nitrous acid. By this way, in situ electrogenerated p-aminophenyl aldehyde from p-nitrophenylaldehyde immediately reacts with nitrous acid, effectively minimizing the side reaction of amine groups and aldehyde groups. The as-prepared alkanethiol-modified glassy carbon electrode was further used to make biomembrane-like films by casting didodecyldimethylammonium bromide on its surface. The biomembrane-like films enable the direct electrochemistry of immobilized myoglobin for the detection of hydrogen peroxide. The response is linear over the range of 1-600μM with a detection limit of 0.3μM.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Saima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anjum
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Wenjing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Wenyue
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Jianming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China; The Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Pakistan.
authors.forename: Saima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hanif
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Electronic address: azizypk@yahoo.com.
authors.lastname: Aziz-Ur-Rehman
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China. Electronic address: guobaoxu@ciac.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Guobao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000737:chemistry*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D003979:Diazonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D006736:Horses; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000032:analysis*; D055767:Immobilized Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009211:Myoglobin / Q000737:chemistry*; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D003979:Diazonium Compounds; D055767:Immobilized Proteins; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009211:Myoglobin; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; C046112:didodecyldimethylammonium; D002244:Carbon; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
keywords: Alkanethiol; Biomembrane-like films; Carbon electrodes; Diazonium salts; Myoglobin; p-Nitrophenylaldehyde