title: Human cytomegalovirus infection is associated with essential hypertension in Kazakh and Han Chinese populations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We aimed to study the association between cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and hypertension in Kazakh and Han populations from Xinjiang Province, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data on 800 Kazakhs (467 hypertension patients and 333 healthy control participants) and 800 Hans (482 hypertension patients and 318 healthy control participants) aged 18-84 years old. ELISA and real-time quantitative PCR coupled with restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis were applied for determining CMV infection and glycoprotein B (gB) genotypes, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serologic evidence of CMV infection was obtained for 95.4% and 90.1% of the Kazakhs and Hans, respectively. The CMV seroprevalence rates among the Kazakh and Han participants with hypertension were 96.8% and 89.8%, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed statistically significant independent associations between CMV seropositivity and hypertension in Kazakh males and between CMV antibody titers and hypertension in Hans; significant relationships also existed between CMV antibody titers and blood pressure in Hans. In Kazakhs, 3 CMV gB genotypes were identified: gB2 and genotype mixtures gB1+gB2 and gB2+gB3. In Hans, 4 CMV gB genotypes were identified: gB1, gB2, gB1+gB2, and gB2+gB3. Of the 4 studied genotypes, gB2+gB3 showed a significant independent association with hypertension in Kazakh females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CMV infection is associated with essential hypertension in Kazakh males and Hans in Xinjiang. CMV seropositivity is associated with hypertension in Kazakh males, and CMV antibody titers are associated with blood pressure and hypertension in Han males and females. Moreover, the CMV gB2+gB3 genotype mixture is associated independently with essential hypertension in Kazakh females.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Jia-wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Yong-min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: La-mei
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Feng-mei
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Yuan-yuan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Shu-xia
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Xin-zhi
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Li-li
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People; D002681:China; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000502:physiology*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology*; D000075222:Essential Hypertension; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D055815:Young Adult