title: Prevalence of alpha-1 antitrypsin high-risk variants in Mexican mestizo population and their association with lung function values.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by restricted airflow. The best-documented genetic factor is alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT). AAT is encoded by the SERPINA1 gene. The PiZ (rs28929474) and PiS (rs17580) variants are believed to cause severe AAT deficiency and are linked to a high risk of developing COPD. This study sought to identify whether genetic polymorphisms rs28929474 and rs17580 are associated with COPD susceptibility and lung function values in a Mexican mestizo population.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 558 smokers were included, of whom 279 had COPD and 279 did not (smokers without COPD - SWC). The PiS and PiZ variants were genotyped by allelic discrimination. Independent populations and lung function values were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. A bivariate logistic regression analysis was also conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stage I and iv COPD patients showed significant differences in the frequencies of both heterozygous genotypes compared to SWC. For PiS, individuals with the heterozygous genotype AT demonstrated a decreased FEV1/FVC ratio compared to subjects with the homozygous genotype AA (P=0.037). A significant association was found between the FEV1/FVC ratio and genotype AA for PiS (OR=0.982, β coefficient=-0.019, 95% CI=0.966-0.997).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  COPD-causing AAT deficiency risk alleles exist at a very low frequency among Mexican mestizo population. Although they are not directly linked in our study population with disease susceptibility, these risk alleles are associated with poorer lung function measurements. It is important to characterize how often these genetic risk variants occur in other Latin American populations.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Tlalpan, México DF, México; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México DF, México.
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pérez-Rubio
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Tlalpan, México DF, México.
authors.forename: Luis Octavio
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Valverde
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Tlalpan, México DF, México.
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Venegas
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Tlalpan, México DF, México.
authors.forename: Ángel
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Camarena
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Tlalpan, México DF, México.
authors.forename: Raúl H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Sansores
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Tlalpan, México DF, México.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Flores-Trujillo
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Tlalpan, México DF, México; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México DF, México.
authors.forename: Juan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Reséndiz-Hernández
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Tlalpan, México DF, México. Electronic address: rfalfanv@iner.gob.mx.
authors.forename: Ramcés
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Falfán-Valencia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008393:Marriage; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D012306:Risk; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D014797:Vital Capacity; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin / Q000235:genetics*; D019896:alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: C043392:SERPINA1 protein, human; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin; D004247:DNA
keywords: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica; Mexican population; PiS rs17580; PiZ rs28929474; Población mexicana; SERPINA1.; SNP