title: Biodirected synthesis of Miconazole-conjugated bacterial silver nanoparticles and their application as antifungal agents and drug delivery vehicles.
abstract: The recent strategy to improve the efficacy of drugs is to combine them with metal nanoparticles for the control of microbial infections. Considering this fact, we developed a low cost and eco-friendly method for silver nanoparticles synthesis using the cell free supernatant of Delftia sp. strain KCM-006 and their application as antifungal agents and as a drug carrier. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis revealed the formation of spherical and monodispersed silver nanoparticles with an average size of 9.8 nm. The synthesized nanoparticles were found to be photoluminescent, highly stable and crystalline in nature having a zeta potential of -31 mV. The silver nanoparticles exhibited very good antifungal activity against various pathogenic Candida strains. Furthermore, the efficacy of nanoparticles was increased by conjugating the antifungal drug Miconazole to silver nanoparticles which exhibited significant fungicidal activity, inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis and biofilm inhibition by increasing ROS levels. In addition, the cell viability and immunocytochemistry analysis against different normal cell lines including Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO), human lung cell line (MRC5) and human vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) demonstrated that these nanoparticles were non-toxic up to a concentration of 20 μM. In conclusion, these results suggest that the synthesized nanoparticles find application as both antifungal agents and drug delivery vehicles. This is a first report on the preparation of silver nanoparticles using culture supernatant from Delftia sp. and also on the conjugation of Miconazole, an antifungal drug, to the bacterial silver nanoparticles.
authors.affiliation: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India; Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India. Electronic address: cgkumar@iict.res.in.
authors.forename: C Ganesh
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India; Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Poornachandra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D016466:CHO Cells; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003412:Cricetulus; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000737:chemistry; D042742:Delftia / Q000378:metabolism; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D004875:Ergosterol / Q000096:biosynthesis; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D049449:Luminescence; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008825:Miconazole / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D010316:Particle Size; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D004337:Drug Carriers; D012834:Silver; D008825:Miconazole; D004875:Ergosterol
keywords: Antifungal therapy; Drug delivery; Green chemistry; Miconazole; Nanoparticles