title: The human cerebellum: a review of physiologic neuroanatomy.
abstract: The cerebellum resides in the posterior cranial fossa dorsal to the brainstem and has diverse connections to the cerebrum, brain stem, and spinal cord. It is anatomically and physiologically divided into distinct functional compartments and is composed of highly regular arrays of neuronal units, each sharing the same basic cerebellar microcircuitry. Its circuitry is critically involved in motor control and motor learning, and its role in nonmotor cognitive and affective functions is becoming increasingly recognized. This article describes the cerebellar gross and histologic neuroanatomy in relation to its function, and the relevance of cerebellar circuitry and firing patterns to motor learning.
authors.affiliation: MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hassan Abad Square, Tehran 1136746911, Iran; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Research Program, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Street, Tehran 1417863181, Iran.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roostaei
authors.affiliation: MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hassan Abad Square, Tehran 1136746911, Iran; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Research Program, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Street, Tehran 1417863181, Iran; Kimel Family Translational Imaging-Genetics Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto ON M5T 1R8, Canada.
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nazeri
authors.affiliation: MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hassan Abad Square, Tehran 1136746911, Iran; Department of Neurology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1136746911, Iran. Electronic address: msahrai@tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mohammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sahraian
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University-Health, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Minagar
mesh_terms: D002531:Cerebellum / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D009445:Neuroanatomy
keywords: Cerebellar circuitry; Cerebellar connections; Cerebellar lobules; Compartmentalization; Plasticity