title: [Possible changes in energy-minimizer mechanisms of locomotion due to chronic low back pain - a literature review].
abstract: One goal of the locomotion is to move the body in the space at the most economical way possible. However, little is known about the mechanical and energetic aspects of locomotion that are affected by low back pain. And in case of occurring some damage, little is known about how the mechanical and energetic characteristics of the locomotion are manifested in functional activities, especially with respect to the energy-minimizer mechanisms during locomotion. This study aimed: a) to describe the main energy-minimizer mechanisms of locomotion; b) to check if there are signs of damage on the mechanical and energetic characteristics of the locomotion due to chronic low back pain (CLBP) which may endanger the energy-minimizer mechanisms. This study is characterized as a narrative literature review. The main theory that explains the minimization of energy expenditure during the locomotion is the inverted pendulum mechanism, by which the energy-minimizer mechanism converts kinetic energy into potential energy of the center of mass and vice-versa during the step. This mechanism is strongly influenced by spatio-temporal gait (locomotion) parameters such as step length and preferred walking speed, which, in turn, may be severely altered in patients with chronic low back pain. However, much remains to be understood about the effects of chronic low back pain on the individual's ability to practice an economic locomotion, because functional impairment may compromise the mechanical and energetic characteristics of this type of gait, making it more costly. Thus, there are indications that such changes may compromise the functional energy-minimizer mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil; Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, PR, Brasil. Electronic address: alberitorodrigo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alberito Rodrigo
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil.
authors.forename: Alexandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Leonardo Alexandre
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Peyré-Tartaruga
mesh_terms: D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008124:Locomotion / Q000502:physiology*; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Biomechanics; Biomecânica; Caminhada; Consumo de energia; Dor lombar; Energy consumption; Human locomotion; Locomoção humana; Lower back pain; Walk