title: Estimating cost of road traffic injuries in Iran using willingness to pay (WTP) method.
abstract: We aimed to use the willingness to pay (WTP) method to calculate the cost of traffic injuries in Iran in 2013. We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study of 846 randomly selected road users. WTP data was collected for four scenarios for vehicle occupants, pedestrians, vehicle drivers, and motorcyclists. Final analysis was carried out using Weibull and maximum likelihood method. Mean WTP was 2,612,050 Iranian rials (IRR). Statistical value of life was estimated according to 20,408 fatalities 402,314,106,073,648 IRR (US$13,410,470,202 based on purchasing power parity at (February 27th, 2014). Injury cost was US$25,637,870,872 (based on 318,802 injured people in 2013, multiple daily traffic volume of 311, and multiple daily payment of 31,030 IRR for 250 working days). The total estimated cost of injury and death cases was 39,048,341,074$. Gross national income of Iran was, US$604,300,000,000 in 2013 and the costs of traffic injuries constituted 6·46% of gross national income. WTP was significantly associated with age, gender, monthly income, daily payment, more payment for time reduction, trip mileage, drivers and occupants from road users. The costs of traffic injuries in Iran in 2013 accounted for 6.64% of gross national income, much higher than the global average. Policymaking and resource allocation to reduce traffic-related death and injury rates have the potential to deliver a huge economic benefit.
authors.affiliation: Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention research center of Shahid Beheshti, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Elaheh
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ainy
authors.affiliation: Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention research center of Shahid Beheshti, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soori
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Mathematical Science, Department of Statistics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mojtaba
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ganjali
authors.affiliation: Transport Modeling at AECOM, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Le
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Mathematical Science, Department of Statistics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Taban
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baghfalaki
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000191:economics*; D000328:Adult; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008297:Male; D018986:Motor Vehicles; D009049:Motorcycles; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000191:economics* / Q000209:etiology