title: The clinical impact of hip joint centre regression equation error on kinematics and kinetics during paediatric gait.
abstract: Regression equations based on pelvic anatomy are routinely used to estimate the hip joint centre during gait analysis. While the associated errors have been well documented, the clinical significance of these errors has not been reported. This study investigated the clinical agreement of three commonly used regression equation sets (Bell et al., Davis et al. and Orthotrak software) against the equations of Harrington et al. Full 3-dimensional gait analysis was performed on 18 healthy paediatric subjects. Kinematic and kinetic data were calculated using each set of regression equations and compared to Harrington et al. In addition, the Gait Profile Score and GDI-Kinetic were used to assess clinical significance. Bell et al. was the best performing set with differences in Gait Profile Score (0.13°) and GDI-Kinetic (0.84 points) falling below the clinical significance threshold. Small deviations were present for the Orthotrak set for hip abduction moment (0.1 Nm/kg), however differences in Gait Profile Score (0.27°) and GDI-Kinetic (2.26 points) remained below the clinical threshold. Davis et al. showed least agreement with a clinically significant difference in GDI-Kinetic score (4.36 points). It is proposed that Harrington et al. or Bell et al. regression equation sets are used during gait analysis especially where inverse dynamic data are calculated. Orthotrak is a clinically acceptable alternative however clinicians must be aware of the effects of error on hip abduction moment. The Davis et al. set should be used with caution for inverse dynamic analysis as error could be considered clinically meaningful.
authors.affiliation: Gait Laboratory, Central Remedial Clinic, Clontarf, Dublin 3, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Parsons Building, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. Electronic address: dkiernan@crc.ie.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kiernan
authors.affiliation: Gait Laboratory, Central Remedial Clinic, Clontarf, Dublin 3, Ireland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malone
authors.affiliation: Gait Laboratory, Central Remedial Clinic, Clontarf, Dublin 3, Ireland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.affiliation: Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Parsons Building, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Simms
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D010388:Pelvis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis
keywords: Hip joint centre; Kinematics; Kinetics; Paediatric gait; Regression equation error