title: Virus integration and genome influence in approaches to stem cell based therapy for andro-urology.
abstract: Despite the potential of stem cells in cell-based therapy, major limitations such as cell retention, ingrowth, and trans-differentiation after implantation remain. One technique for genetic modification of cells for tissue repair is the introduction of specific genes using molecular biology techniques, such as virus integration, to provide a gene that adds new functions to enhance cellular function, and to secrete trophic factors for recruiting resident cells to participate in tissue repair. Stem cells can be labeled to track cell survival, migration, and lineage. Increasing evidence demonstrates that cell therapy and gene therapy in combination remarkably improve differentiation of implanted mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), revascularization, and innervation in genitourinary tissues, especially to treat urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction, lower urinary tract reconstruction, and renal failure. This review discusses the benefits, safety, side effects, and alternatives for using genetically modified MSCs in tissue regeneration in andro-urology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China. Electronic address: lilongk@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Longkun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China.
authors.forename: Deying
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering (ND20), Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA; Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Margot
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Damaser
authors.affiliation: Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. Electronic address: yzhang@wakehealth.edu.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D052801:Male Urogenital Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy*; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D014572:Urology / Q000379:methods*; D016662:Virus Integration
keywords: Angiogenesis; Cell therapy; Erectile dysfunction; Gene therapy; Innervation; Skeletal muscle genesis; Stem cells; Urinary incontinence