title: Prevalence of dysglycemia in Calabar: a cross-sectional observational study among residents of Calabar, Nigeria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Population data on dysglycemia are scarce in West Africa. This study aimed to determine the pattern of dysglycemia in Calabar city in South East Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  1134 adults in Calabar were recruited. A multistage sampling method randomly selected 4 out of 22 wards, and 50 households from each ward. All adults within each household were recruited and an oral glucose tolerance test was performed. Dysglycemia was defined as any form of glucose intolerance, including: impaired fasting glucose (blood glucose level 110-125 mg/dL), impaired glucose tolerance (blood glucose level ≥140 mg/dL 2 h after consuming 75 g of glucose), or diabetes mellitus (DM), as defined by fasting glucose level ≥126 mg/dL, or a blood glucose level ≥200 mg/dL, 2 h after a 75 g glucose load.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean values of fasting plasma glucose were 95 mg/dL (95% CI 92.1 to 97.5) for men and 96 mg/dL (95% CI 93.2 to 98.6) for women. The overall prevalence of dysglycemia was 24%. The prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was 9%, the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance 20%, and the prevalence of undiagnosed DM 7%. All values were a few percentage points higher for men than women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of undiagnosed DM among residents of Calabar is similar to studies elsewhere in Nigeria but much higher than the previous national prevalence survey, with close to a quarter of the adults having dysglycemia and 7% having undiagnosed DM. This is a serious public health problem requiring a programme of mass education and case identification and management in all health facilities.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  CRS/MH/CR-HREC/020/Vol.8/43.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine , University of Calabar Teaching Hospital , Calabar, Cross River State , Nigeria.
authors.forename: O E
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Enang
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine , University of Calabar Teaching Hospital , Calabar, Cross River State , Nigeria.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Otu
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine , University of Calabar Teaching Hospital , Calabar, Cross River State , Nigeria.
authors.forename: O E
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Essien
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology , University of Calabar Teaching Hospital , Calabar, Cross River State , Nigeria.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okpara
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine , Lagos University Teaching Hospital , Lagos, Lagos State , Nigeria.
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Fasanmade
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine , Lagos University Teaching Hospital , Lagos, Lagos State , Nigeria.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Ohwovoriole
authors.affiliation: Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds , Leeds , UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Searle
keywords: Diabetogenic T-cells