title: Toxic-metabolic, nutritional, and medicinal-induced disorders of cerebellum.
abstract: The human cerebellum is composed of 2 hemispheres and a narrow medial section (vermis). Three pairs of dense fiber bundles (peduncles) connect the cerebellum to the brain. The cerebellum possesses widespread outgoing connections. Insult can result in neurologic deficits, including ataxia, hypotonia, dysarthria, and ocular motility problems. It is particularly susceptible to toxic effects of metabolic and medicinal insults. The cerebellum is potentially sensitive to alcohol, drug exposure, illicit drugs, and environmental poisons (mercury, lead, manganese, and toluene/benzene derivatives). The astute clinician must be aware of the multiple potential factors that can adversely affect cerebellar function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Overton Brooks VA Medical Center, 510 East Stoner Avenue, Shreveport, LA 71101, USA.
authors.forename: Nadejda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alekseeva
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, LSU Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA.
authors.forename: Jeanie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McGee
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue, #8065, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
authors.forename: Roger E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of California, 350 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA.
authors.forename: Amir Hadi
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Maghzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport - 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Toledo
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Overton Brooks VA Medical Center, 510 East Stoner Avenue, Shreveport, LA 71101, USA. Electronic address: aminag@lsuhsc.edu.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Minagar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002526:Cerebellar Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000150:complications*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000633:toxicity*; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D013287:Illicit Drugs
keywords: Ataxia; Atrophy; Cerebellum; Ethanol; Phenytoin; Thiamine deficiency