title: Effects of atrazine and chlorpyrifos on DNA methylation in the brain and gonad of the common carp.
abstract: DNA methylation is known to play an important role in the regulation of gene expression in animal. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of atrazine (ATR), chlorpyrifos (CPF) and combined ATR/CPF exposure on DNA methylation in the brain and gonad of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The carp were sampled after a 40-d exposure to CPF and ATR, individually or in combination, followed by a 40-d recovery to measure the levels of global DNA methylation and the expression of methylation enzymes (DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and methylcytosine binding domain 2 (MBD2)) in the brain and gonad tissues. The results revealed that a significant global DNA hypomethylation in the common carp exposed to ATR, CPF and their mixture was observed compared to the control fish. The MBD2 mRNA expression was up-regulated in the brain and gonad of the common carp exposed to ATR, CPF and their mixture, in contrast, the DNMTs mRNA expression was down-regulated. The information regarding the effects of ATR and CPF on DNA methylation status generated in this study is important for pesticides toxicology evaluation. However, the effect of ATR and CPF on the methylation status of specific genes, as well as its detailed mechanism requires further investigation.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, China; Animal Health Supervision Institute of Heilongjiang Province, 243 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150069, PR China.
authors.forename: Houjuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Science, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Heilongjiang Province, 368 Xuefu Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150086, PR China.
authors.forename: Hongda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, China.
authors.forename: Dechun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, China. Electronic address: lishu@neau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, China. Electronic address: shiwenxu@neau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shiwen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001280:Atrazine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002347:Carps / Q000378:metabolism*; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000187:drug effects*; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006066:Gonads / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006540:Herbicides / Q000009:adverse effects; D007306:Insecticides / Q000009:adverse effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006540:Herbicides; D007306:Insecticides; C115368:MBD2 protein; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases; D004390:Chlorpyrifos; D001280:Atrazine
keywords: DNA methylation; Fish; Pesticides; Principal component analysis; Western blot; mRNA