title: Dark circles: etiology and management options.
abstract: Given their multifactorial nature and the fact that individual patients may have more than a single underlying cause, cosmetic practitioners should be well versed in a number of potential treatment options encompassing all facets of under-eye dark circles. New therapeutic options are also forthcoming. Longer-lasting HA fillers, wavelength tunable laser devices, and topicals speeding up healing and enhancing results after fractionated laser therapy will all serve to make the future of dark circle treatment unabatedly bright.
authors.affiliation: Westlake Dermatology Clinical Research Center, Westlake Dermatology & Cosmetic Surgery, 8825 Bee Cave Road, Suite 100, Austin, TX 78746 USA. Electronic address: daniel@westlakedermatology.com.
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Friedmann
authors.affiliation: Cosmetic Laser Dermatology, 9339 Genesee Avenue, Suite 300, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; Division of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Mitchel P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Goldman
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000637:transplantation; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005143:Eyelids / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017495:Hyperpigmentation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008060:Lipodystrophy / Q000139:chemically induced; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D009915:Orbit / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D010789:Phototherapy; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic / Q000009:adverse effects; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy; D055675:Viscosupplements / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; D055675:Viscosupplements; D014815:Vitamins; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid
keywords: Fractionated resurfacing; Infraorbital hyperpigmentation; Intense pulsed light; Nasojugal groove; Soft-tissue augmentation; Suborbicularis oculi fibroadipose tissue; Tear trough; Under-eye circles