title: The Centiloid Project: standardizing quantitative amyloid plaque estimation by PET.
abstract: Although amyloid imaging with PiB-PET ([C-11]Pittsburgh Compound-B positron emission tomography), and now with F-18-labeled tracers, has produced remarkably consistent qualitative findings across a large number of centers, there has been considerable variability in the exact numbers reported as quantitative outcome measures of tracer retention. In some cases this is as trivial as the choice of units, in some cases it is scanner dependent, and of course, different tracers yield different numbers. Our working group was formed to standardize quantitative amyloid imaging measures by scaling the outcome of each particular analysis method or tracer to a 0 to 100 scale, anchored by young controls (≤ 45 years) and typical Alzheimer's disease patients. The units of this scale have been named "Centiloids." Basically, we describe a "standard" method of analyzing PiB PET data and then a method for scaling any "nonstandard" method of PiB PET analysis (or any other tracer) to the Centiloid scale.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh. PA, USA. Electronic address: klunkwe@upmc.edu.
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Klunk
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Koeppe
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Julie C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Price
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Tammie L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Benzinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Devous
authors.affiliation: Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Jagust
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Keith A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology, Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Chester A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Mathis
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Davneet
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Minhas
authors.affiliation: Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Pontecorvo
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Christopher C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Rowe
authors.affiliation: Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Skovronsky
authors.affiliation: Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mintun
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D000682:Amyloid / Q000378:metabolism; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D002138:Calibration; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008875:Middle Aged; D058225:Plaque, Amyloid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000592:standards*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013844:Thiazoles
chemical_list: C475519:2-(4'-(methylamino)phenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole; D000682:Amyloid; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013844:Thiazoles; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
keywords: Amyloid imaging; Centiloid scale; Pittsburgh compound B; Positron emission tomography; Standardize