title: Non-coding RNAs and heme oxygenase-1 in vaccinia virus infection.
abstract: Small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) are <200 nucleotide non-coding uridylate-rich RNAs. Although the functions of many snRNAs remain undetermined, a population of snRNAs is produced during the early phase of infection of cells by vaccinia virus. In the present study, we demonstrate a direct correlation between expression of the cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), suppression of selective snRNA expression, and inhibition of vaccinia virus infection of macrophages. Hemin induced HO-1 expression, completely reversed virus-induced host snRNA expression, and suppressed vaccinia virus infection. This involvement of specific virus-induced snRNAs and associated gene clusters suggests a novel HO-1-dependent host-defense pathway in poxvirus infection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD, United States.
authors.forename: Clement A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Meseda
authors.affiliation: Division of Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD, United States.
authors.forename: Kumar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.affiliation: Qiagen, Frederick, MD, United States.
authors.forename: Jasen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.affiliation: Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD, United States.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Catalano
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
authors.forename: Kenneth M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Division of Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD, United States. Electronic address: subhash.dhawan@fda.hhs.gov.
authors.forename: Subhash
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dhawan
mesh_terms: D015870:Gene Expression; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D005810:Multigene Family; D011213:Poxviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D012342:RNA, Small Nuclear / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: D012342:RNA, Small Nuclear; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; C496541:HMOX1 protein, human; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1
keywords: Gene expression; Heme oxygenase-1; Host defense; Non-coding RNAs; Vaccinia