title: Effects of composting process on the dissipation of extractable sulfonamides in swine manure.
abstract: Effects of composting on the fate of sulfonamides (SAs) in the manure-straw mixture were explored through a simulation of aerobic composting process. Additionally, factors of temperature and coexistence of heavy metal Cu that might influence the removal efficiency were particularly investigated. As shown in the results, the extractable SAs dissipated rapidly during the composting process. The coexistence of Cu in the composting process might have delayed the decline of SAs, but the drugs could still be completely removed by the end of the composting. In contrast to the thermophilic aerobic composting, extractable SAs in air-temperature-placed mixture dissipated much slower and 1.12-1.56mg/kg could be detected after 35days of incubation. The results confirmed that temperature could influence the dissipation of SAs, which was identified as a more important factor than Cu-coexistence. Hence, thermophilic aerobic composting is an effective process to eliminate VAs before manure land application.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Bei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China. Electronic address: liyxbnu@bnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yanxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xuelian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chenghong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qiu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental / Q000187:drug effects*; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D008372:Manure; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine; D013696:Temperature; D019155:Veterinary Drugs / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D008372:Manure; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013449:Sulfonamides; D019155:Veterinary Drugs; D003300:Copper
keywords: Antibiotics; Composting; Cu; Dissipation; Sulfonamides