title: Elevated fasting glucose as a potential predictor for asymptomatic cerebral artery stenosis: a cross-sectional study in Chinese adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cerebral artery stenosis is known as an important cause of stroke, and elevated fasting glucose level is also considered as a risk factor for stroke. Our aim was to exam whether elevated fasting glucose is associated with cerebral artery stenosis, especially asymptomatic cerebral artery stenosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The current study included 5309 participants who were age of 40 years or older, and free of stroke, transient ischemic attack, and coronary artery disease. Cerebral artery stenosis was assessed by Doppler ultrasound. Participants were classified into four subtypes: no cerebral artery stenosis (NCS), intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS), extracranial carotid artery stenosis (ECCS) and combined intracranial artery and extracranial carotid artery stenosis (IECS). Fasting blood glucose concentrations were grouped into: normal fasting glucose (<5.60 mmol/l), impaired fasting glucose 1 (IFG1) (5.60-6.09 mmol/l), IFG2 (6.10-6.99 mmol/l) and diabetes (≥ 7.00 mmol/l). A multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the association between fasting glucose and cerebral artery stenosis, after adjusting for potential confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fasting glucose level was significantly higher in ICAS and IECS groups than the other two groups. In the multinomial logistic regression analysis, IFG2 was the risk factor for ICAS (odds ratio (OR) 1.53, 95% confidential interval (CI), 1.12-2.10), and diabetes was a strong predictor for both ICAS (OR 1.75, 95% CI, 1.38-2.22) and IECS (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.31-3.49). However, fasting glucose level was not significantly associated with ECCS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results showed that elevated fasting glucose levels are associated with asymptomatic cerebral artery stenosis, especially ICAS and IECS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jianwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shufeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Neurology Department, St George's Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Liqun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chunxue
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Anxin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, Hebei United University, Tangshan, China. Electronic address: drwusl@163.com.
authors.forename: Shouling
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: zxq@vip.163.com.
authors.forename: Xingquan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002681:China; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Cerebral stenosis; Epidemiology; Impaired fasting glucose; Prevention