title: Identification and nanoentrapment of polyphenolic phytocomplex from Fraxinus angustifolia: in vitro and in vivo wound healing potential.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to elucidate the polyphenolic composition of Fraxinus angustifolia leaf and bark extracts, and to evaluate their efficacy in wound healing. Quercetin, catechin, rutin and tannic acid were identified as the main components of the extracts. In order to improve their skin bioavailability, the polyphenolic phytocomplexes were incorporated in different nanovesicles, namely ethosomes and phospholipid vesicles containing Transcutol(®) P (Trc) or ethylene glycol (EG). The latter had never been used before as a component of phospholipid vesicles, and it was found to play a key role in improving extract efficacy in wound healing. Results of cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (PCS) and Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) showed that ethosomes and EG-PEVs were small, monodispersed, unilamellar vesicles, while Trc-PEVs were larger, less homogeneously dispersed and multilamellar, with a large bilayer thickness. Free extracts did not show relevant ability to protect in vitro human keratinocytes from H2O2 damages, while when entrapped in nanovesicles, they significantly inhibited H2O2 stress damages, probably related to a higher level of cell uptake. On the other hand, in vivo results showed that the highest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects were provided by the phytocomplexes in EG-PEVs, which favoured wound healing. Moreover, non-entrapped F. angustifolia extracts showed a marginal effect, comparable to that of free quercetin dispersion (control). In conclusion, our results depict that these extracts may find potential applications in biomedicine.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Life and Nature Science, University of Bejaia, Algeria.
authors.forename: Kenza
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moulaoui
authors.affiliation: Dept. Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caddeo
authors.affiliation: Dept. Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Letizia
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Manca
authors.affiliation: Dept. Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Castangia
authors.affiliation: Dept. Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Donatella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Valenti
authors.affiliation: Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Unit, Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Escribano
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Life and Nature Science, University of Bejaia, Algeria.
authors.forename: Djebbar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Atmani
authors.affiliation: Dept. Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fadda
authors.affiliation: Dept. Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Italy. Electronic address: manconi@unica.it.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manconi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D031661:Fraxinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D059808:Polyphenols
keywords: Fraxinus angustifolia; Oxidative stress; Polyphenol extract; Vesicle; Wound healing