title: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, cyclooxygenase-2, and the kidneys.
abstract: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most commonly used classes of medications in the world, which function by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes and downregulating the inflammatory pathway. COX enzymes are constitutively expressed in the kidneys and function to maintain a homeostatic environment in terms of maintaining the glomerular filtration rate, blood pressure, sodium, water, and osmotic regulation. When the COX enzymes are inhibited by NSAIDs, a multitude of renal and vascular complications occur. This article aims to enlighten primary care physicians of the complications that arise with NSAIDs from a renal perspective and to present some management strategies.
authors.affiliation: Garden City Hospital, Michigan State University, 5001 Sheridan St, B44, Davenport, IA 52806, USA.
authors.forename: Saadur
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Fellowship Program, St John Health System, Macomb-Oakland Campus, St. John Macomb Hospital, 12000 E. 12 Mile Road, Warren, MI 48093, USA; Hypertension Nephrology Associate, PC, Livonia, MI, USA. Electronic address: Anthony875@comcast.net.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malcoun
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy; D000367:Age Factors; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000628:therapy*; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000378:metabolism; D007681:Kidney Papillary Necrosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy; D009395:Nephritis, Interstitial / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2
keywords: Acute kidney injury; COX-1; COX-2; Electrolytes; Glomerular filtration rate; Hypertension; Kidneys; NSAIDS