title: Noninvasive mechanical ventilation in high-risk pulmonary infections: a clinical review.
abstract: The aim of this article was to review the role of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in acute pulmonary infectious diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), H1N1 and tuberculosis, and to assess the risk of disease transmission with the use of NIV from patients to healthcare workers. We performed a clinical review by searching Medline and EMBASE. These databases were searched for articles on "clinical trials" and "randomised controlled trials". The keywords selected were non-invasive ventilation pulmonary infections, influenza-A (H1N1), SARS and tuberculosis. These terms were cross-referenced with the following keywords: health care workers, airborne infections, complications, intensive care unit and pandemic. The members of the International NIV Network examined the major results regarding NIV applications and SARS, H1N1 and tuberculosis. Cross-referencing mechanical ventilation with SARS yielded 76 studies, of which 10 studies involved the use of NIV and five were ultimately selected for inclusion in this review. Cross-referencing with H1N1 yielded 275 studies, of which 27 involved NIV. Of these, 22 were selected for review. Cross-referencing with tuberculosis yielded 285 studies, of which 15 involved NIV and from these seven were selected. In total 34 studies were selected for this review. NIV, when applied early in selected patients with SARS, H1N1 and acute pulmonary tuberculosis infections, can reverse respiratory failure. There are only a few reports of infectious disease transmission among healthcare workers.
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain. Dept of Critical Care, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. Pulmonary and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, S. Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy. Dept of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. General Intensive Care Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Ramat Aviv, Israel. Dept of Medical Intensive Care, Charles Nicolle Rouen University Hospital, UPRES EA 3830-IRIB, Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen University, Rouen, France. Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, The People's Hospital, Beijing University, Beijing, China. Dept of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China. Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester NY, USA. Pulmonary and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Cardio-Thoracic Dept, University Hospital Pisa, Pisa, Italy. For a full list of the International NIV Network collaborators see the Acknowledgements antmesquinas@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Antonio M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Esquinas
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain. Dept of Critical Care, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. Pulmonary and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, S. Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy. Dept of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. General Intensive Care Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Ramat Aviv, Israel. Dept of Medical Intensive Care, Charles Nicolle Rouen University Hospital, UPRES EA 3830-IRIB, Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen University, Rouen, France. Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, The People's Hospital, Beijing University, Beijing, China. Dept of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China. Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester NY, USA. Pulmonary and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Cardio-Thoracic Dept, University Hospital Pisa, Pisa, Italy. For a full list of the International NIV Network collaborators see the Acknowledgements.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Egbert Pravinkumar
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain. Dept of Critical Care, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. Pulmonary and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, S. Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy. Dept of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. General Intensive Care Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Ramat Aviv, Israel. Dept of Medical Intensive Care, Charles Nicolle Rouen University Hospital, UPRES EA 3830-IRIB, Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen University, Rouen, France. Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, The People's Hospital, Beijing University, Beijing, China. Dept of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China. Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester NY, USA. Pulmonary and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Cardio-Thoracic Dept, University Hospital Pisa, Pisa, Italy. For a full list of the International NIV Network collaborators see the Acknowledgements.
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scala
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain. Dept of Critical Care, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. Pulmonary and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, S. Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy. Dept of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. General Intensive Care Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Ramat Aviv, Israel. Dept of Medical Intensive Care, Charles Nicolle Rouen University Hospital, UPRES EA 3830-IRIB, Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen University, Rouen, France. Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, The People's Hospital, Beijing University, Beijing, China. Dept of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China. Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester NY, USA. Pulmonary and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Cardio-Thoracic Dept, University Hospital Pisa, Pisa, Italy. For a full list of the International NIV Network collaborators see the Acknowledgements.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gay
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain. Dept of Critical Care, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. Pulmonary and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, S. Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy. Dept of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. General Intensive Care Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Ramat Aviv, Israel. Dept of Medical Intensive Care, Charles Nicolle Rouen University Hospital, UPRES EA 3830-IRIB, Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen University, Rouen, France. Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, The People's Hospital, Beijing University, Beijing, China. Dept of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China. Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester NY, USA. Pulmonary and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Cardio-Thoracic Dept, University Hospital Pisa, Pisa, Italy. For a full list of the International NIV Network collaborators see the Acknowledgements.
authors.forename: Arie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soroksky
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain. Dept of Critical Care, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. Pulmonary and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, S. Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy. Dept of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. General Intensive Care Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Ramat Aviv, Israel. Dept of Medical Intensive Care, Charles Nicolle Rouen University Hospital, UPRES EA 3830-IRIB, Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen University, Rouen, France. Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, The People's Hospital, Beijing University, Beijing, China. Dept of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China. Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester NY, USA. Pulmonary and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Cardio-Thoracic Dept, University Hospital Pisa, Pisa, Italy. For a full list of the International NIV Network collaborators see the Acknowledgements.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Girault
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain. Dept of Critical Care, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. Pulmonary and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, S. Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy. Dept of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. General Intensive Care Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Ramat Aviv, Israel. Dept of Medical Intensive Care, Charles Nicolle Rouen University Hospital, UPRES EA 3830-IRIB, Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen University, Rouen, France. Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, The People's Hospital, Beijing University, Beijing, China. Dept of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China. Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester NY, USA. Pulmonary and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Cardio-Thoracic Dept, University Hospital Pisa, Pisa, Italy. For a full list of the International NIV Network collaborators see the Acknowledgements.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain. Dept of Critical Care, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. Pulmonary and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, S. Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy. Dept of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. General Intensive Care Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Ramat Aviv, Israel. Dept of Medical Intensive Care, Charles Nicolle Rouen University Hospital, UPRES EA 3830-IRIB, Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen University, Rouen, France. Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, The People's Hospital, Beijing University, Beijing, China. Dept of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China. Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester NY, USA. Pulmonary and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Cardio-Thoracic Dept, University Hospital Pisa, Pisa, Italy. For a full list of the International NIV Network collaborators see the Acknowledgements.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain. Dept of Critical Care, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. Pulmonary and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, S. Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy. Dept of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. General Intensive Care Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Ramat Aviv, Israel. Dept of Medical Intensive Care, Charles Nicolle Rouen University Hospital, UPRES EA 3830-IRIB, Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen University, Rouen, France. Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, The People's Hospital, Beijing University, Beijing, China. Dept of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China. Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester NY, USA. Pulmonary and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Cardio-Thoracic Dept, University Hospital Pisa, Pisa, Italy. For a full list of the International NIV Network collaborators see the Acknowledgements.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Papadakos
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain. Dept of Critical Care, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. Pulmonary and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, S. Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy. Dept of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. General Intensive Care Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Ramat Aviv, Israel. Dept of Medical Intensive Care, Charles Nicolle Rouen University Hospital, UPRES EA 3830-IRIB, Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen University, Rouen, France. Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, The People's Hospital, Beijing University, Beijing, China. Dept of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China. Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester NY, USA. Pulmonary and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Cardio-Thoracic Dept, University Hospital Pisa, Pisa, Italy. For a full list of the International NIV Network collaborators see the Acknowledgements.
authors.forename: Nicolino
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ambrosino
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D017758:Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy* / Q000635:transmission; D063087:Noninvasive Ventilation; D012307:Risk Factors; D045169:Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy* / Q000635:transmission; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy* / Q000635:transmission