title: Manipulative therapy and rehabilitation for recurrent ankle sprain with functional instability: a short-term, assessor-blind, parallel-group randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare manipulative therapy (MT) plus rehabilitation to rehabilitation alone for recurrent ankle sprain with functional instability (RASFI) to determine short-term outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an assessor-blind, parallel-group randomized comparative trial. Thirty-three eligible participants with RASFI were randomly allocated to receive rehabilitation alone or chiropractic MT plus rehabilitation. All participants undertook a daily rehabilitation program over the course of the 4-week treatment period. The participants receiving MT had 6 treatments over the same treatment period. The primary outcome measures were the Foot and Ankle Disability Index and the visual analogue pain scale, with the secondary outcome measure being joint motion palpation. Data were collected at baseline and during week 5. Missing scores were replaced using a multiple imputation method. Statistical analysis of the data composed of repeated-measures analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between-group analysis demonstrated a difference in scores at the final consultation for the visual analogue scale and frequency of joint motion restrictions (P ≤ .006) but not for the Foot and Ankle Disability Index (P = .26).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that the patients with RASFI who received chiropractic MT plus rehabilitation showed significant short-term reduction in pain and the number of joint restrictions in the short-term but not disability when compared with rehabilitation alone.
authors.affiliation: Practicing Chiropractor, Department of Chiropractic and Somatology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa.
authors.forename: Danella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lubbe
authors.affiliation: Practicing Chiropractor, Senior Lecturer, Department of Chiropractic and Somatology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa.
authors.forename: Ekta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lakhani
authors.affiliation: Adjunct Associate Professor, School of Chiropractic and Sports Science, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia. Electronic address: jimbrant2002@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Brantingham
authors.affiliation: General Practice and Emergency Medicine Registrar, Rockingham General Hospital, Rockingham, Australia.
authors.forename: Gregory F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Parkin-Smith
authors.affiliation: Practicing Chiropractor, Erie, PA.
authors.forename: Tammy K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Cassa
authors.affiliation: Director, Global Health Economics, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA.
authors.forename: Gary A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Globe
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Durban University of Technology, Department of Chiropractic and Somatology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa.
authors.forename: Charmaine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Korporaal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D026882:Manipulation, Chiropractic; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D012008:Recurrence; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013180:Sprains and Strains / Q000628:therapy*; D064232:Visual Analog Scale; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Ankle Injuries; Musculoskeletal Manipulations; Rehabilitation