title: Zinc chloride as a coagulant for textile dyes and treatment of generated dye sludge under the solid state fermentation: hybrid treatment strategy.
abstract: Dye sludge generation is major drawback of coagulation process. Efficient hybrid technology by combining coagulation and solid state fermentation (SSF) has capacity to solve generated dye sludge problem. Coagulation of 100mg/L Reactive Red 120 (RR120) using ZnCl2 showed 99% color removal. Mixture of textile dyes (MTD) and textile wastewater (TW) showed 96% and 98% ADMI (American Dye Manufacturing Institute) removal after coagulation by ZnCl2. 92% and 94% ADMI removal from MTD and TW dye sludge and 96% decolorization of RR120 sludge was observed respectively by developed microbial consortium (DCM) in 72h under SSF. Scale up of coagulation process by coagulation reactor (CR) having 50L capacity operated for 30min/cycle. CR showed average 94% ADMI removal from TW in 10 successive cycles. Scale up of SSF composting bioreactor (CB) showed complete dye removal from dye sludge obtained from CR (500L of TW) in 30days.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Avinash A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kadam
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Harshad S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lade
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dae Sung
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India. Electronic address: spg_biochem@unishivaji.ac.in.
authors.forename: Sanjay P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Govindwar
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002712:Chlorides / Q000737:chemistry*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D058645:Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis; D005285:Fermentation; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013784:Textiles; D014227:Triazines; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D017967:Zinc Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D004396:Coloring Agents; D017931:DNA Primers; D014227:Triazines; D062065:Wastewater; D017967:Zinc Compounds; C042516:reactive red 120 dye; C016837:zinc chloride
keywords: Coagulation of textile dyes; Composting; Decolorization; Hybrid technology combining physicochemical and biological process; Solid state fermentation