title: Chitosan coated alginate-xanthan gum bead enhanced pH and thermotolerance of Lactobacillus plantarum LAB12.
abstract: The vulnerability of probiotics at low pH and high temperature has limited their optimal use as nutraceuticals. This study addressed these issues by adopting a physicochemical driven approach of incorporating Lactobacillus plantarum LAB12 into chitosan (Ch) coated alginate-xanthan gum (Alg-XG) beads. Characterisation of Alg-XG-Ch, which elicited little effect on bead size and polydispersity, demonstrated good miscibility with improved bead surface smoothness and L. plantarum LAB12 entrapment when compared to Alg, Alg-Ch and Alg-XG. Sequential incubation of Alg-XG-Ch in simulated gastric juice and intestinal fluid yielded high survival rate of L. plantarum LAB12 (95%) at pH 1.8 which in turn facilitated sufficient release of probiotics (>7 log CFU/g) at pH 6.8 in both time- and pH-dependent manner. Whilst minimising viability loss at 75 and 90 °C, Alg-XG-Ch improved storage durability of L. plantarum LAB12 at 4 °C. The present results implied the possible use of L. plantarum LAB12 incorporated in Alg-XG-Ch as new functional food ingredient with health claims.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Brain and Neuroscience Communities of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ismail M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Fareez
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Brain and Neuroscience Communities of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Siong Meng
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Brain and Neuroscience Communities of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Rakesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Brain and Neuroscience Communities of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. Electronic address: kalav922@puncakalam.uitm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Kalavathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ramasamy
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects*; D000464:Alginates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D018914:Cells, Immobilized / Q000378:metabolism; D048271:Chitosan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005615:Freezing; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D048191:Lactiplantibacillus plantarum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D008863:Microspheres; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D048271:Chitosan; C002563:xanthan gum
keywords: Alginate; Chitosan; Microencapsulation; Probiotic lactobacilli; Xanthan gum