title: Evaluation of serum-based cancer biomarkers: a brief review from a clinical and computational viewpoint.
abstract: Biomarkers are vital to detect diseases in various clinical stages. A variety of cancer serum biomarkers are already known, while for more accurate cancer-type detection, there required more rigorous evaluation manners, especially computational evaluation measures, for biomarkers. In this review, we first show three typical pitfalls in finding biomarkers and their examples, after briefly presenting standard five clinical biomarker screening phases by National Cancer Institute. We then introduce current computational biomarker evaluation measures, including current, standard methods with their intrinsic features. We further show an up-to-date list of existing cancer serum biomarkers, pointing out several issues, being caused by the limitations of current biomarker evaluation approaches. Finally we discuss the current attempts to develop new, statistically robust, computational serum-based biomarker measures in terms of specificity to each of various cancer types.
authors.affiliation: Bioinformatics Center, Institute of Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan. Electronic address: yotsus@kuicr.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Sohiya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yotsukura
authors.affiliation: Bioinformatics Center, Institute of Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mamitsuka
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D019540:Area Under Curve; D016477:Artifacts; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008297:Male; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012372:ROC Curve; D018401:Sample Size
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins
keywords: Computational evaluation; Diagnostic odds ratio; Likelihood ratios; Predictive values; Quantitative assessment; Receiver operating characteristic curve; Serum biomarkers