title: Cognitive schemas and sexual offending: differences between rapists, pedophilic and nonpedophilic child molesters, and nonsexual offenders.
abstract: Empirical research has primarily focused on the differences between rapists and child molesters. Nonetheless, a greater understanding of specific needs of specific subtypes of sex offenders is necessary. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the early maladaptive schemas and different types of sexual offending behavior. Fifty rapists, 59 child molesters (19 pedophilic and 40 nonpedophilic), and 51 nonsexual offenders answered the Young Schema Questionnaire, the Brief Symptom Inventory, and the Socially Desirable Response Set Measure. Data were analyzed using sets of multinomial logistic regression, controlling for sociodemographic variables, psychological distress, and social desirability. Results showed that pedophilic offenders were more likely to hold the defectiveness and subjugation schemas compared to the other three groups. Likewise, nonpedophilic child molesters were more likely to hold the social isolation, enmeshment, and unrelenting standards schemas compared to rapists. Additionally, rapists were more likely to hold the vulnerability to harm, approval-seeking, and punitiveness schemas compared to nonpedophiles and/or nonsex offenders. Overall, our findings suggest that cognitive schemas may play a role in the vulnerability for sexual offending and corroborate the need to distinguish between the two subtypes of child molesters. Despite the need for further investigation, findings may have important implications for the treatment of sex offenders and for the prevention of sexual crimes.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciência da Educação da Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sigre-Leirós
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciência da Educação da Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciência da Educação da Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nobre
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition; D057237:Criminals / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010378:Pedophilia / Q000523:psychology*; D011174:Portugal; D011902:Rape / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Child molesters; Cognitive schemas; Nonsexual offenders; Pedophilia; Rapists; Sexual offending