title: Antioxidant and oxidative stress related responses in the Mediterranean land snail Cantareus apertus exposed to the carbamate pesticide Carbaryl.
abstract: The aim of the present work was to study the alterations of the antioxidant defenses and the overall susceptibility to oxidative stress of the terrestrial snail Cantareus apertus exposed to the carbamate pesticide Carbaryl at a low environmentally realistic concentration. The animals were exposed to Lactuca sativa soaked for 1h in 1μM Carbaryl. The temporal dynamics of the responses was assessed by measurements at 3, 7 and 14days of exposure. C. apertus exposed to Carbaryl activates a number of enzymatic antioxidant responses, represented by the early induction of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, followed by a delayed induction of superoxide dismutase. Concomitantly, a derangement of the total oxyradical scavenging of the tissues was observed, suggesting an overall impairment of the tissue capability to neutralize ROS probably resulting from the overall negative balance between enzymatic antioxidant defense capability and oxidative stress intensity. This negative balance exposed the animals to the risk of oxidative stress damages including genotoxic damage. Compared to acetylcholinesterase inhibition, the antioxidant responses developed to Carbaryl exposure at the low concentration utilized showed a greater percentage variation in exposed organisms. The results pointed out the high sensitivity of the antioxidant and oxidative stress related responses to Carbaryl exposure at an environmental realistic concentration, demonstrating their usefulness in environmental monitoring and risk assessment. The study highlights also the usefulness of the terrestrial snail C. apertus as potential bioindicator species for assessing the risk of pesticide environmental contamination.
authors.affiliation: Dip.to di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DiSTeBA), Università del Salento, Via prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leomanni
authors.affiliation: Dip.to di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DiSTeBA), Università del Salento, Via prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schettino
authors.affiliation: Dip.to di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DiSTeBA), Università del Salento, Via prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calisi
authors.affiliation: Dip.to di Genetica Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri 65, Montedago, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gorbi
authors.affiliation: Dip.to di Genetica Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri 65, Montedago, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mezzelani
authors.affiliation: Dip.to di Genetica Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri 65, Montedago, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Regoli
authors.affiliation: Dip.to di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DiSTeBA), Università del Salento, Via prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy. Electronic address: giulia.lionetto@unisalento.it.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lionetto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D012721:Carbaryl / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012908:Snails / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010575:Pesticides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D012721:Carbaryl
keywords: Acetylcholinesterase; Antioxidant enzymes; Biomarker; Cantareus apertus; Carbamate; Gastropods; Oxidative stress; TOSC