title: Sports participation of children with or without developmental delay: prediction from child and family factors.
abstract: Sports participation is beneficial to health and socioemotional adjustment in youth across development. While there is some evidence indicating lower sports participation for children with developmental delays (DD) as compared with their typically developing (TD) peers, little is known as to the predictors of this differential participation. Given the increased risk of physical and mental health difficulties for children with DD, understanding more about this disparity is important. We examined sports participation in elementary school-aged children with or without DD and examined child and family predictors of three indices of sports participation: number of sports and highest relational sport at ages 6 and 8, and consistent sports from 6 to 8. Children with TD were significantly higher on all three indicators. Mother and child factors related significantly to sports participation indices. The number of sports related positively to mother education and positive perceptions and negatively to mother employment. Relational sports were higher in boys, children with higher social skills, and lower behavior problems. In regression analyses at child age 8 that included these other variables, delay status (DD or TD) did not have a significant effect. Perspectives on varying influences on sports participation and implications for intervention are discussed.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles, United States. Electronic address: marquis@psych.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Willa A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Marquis
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
authors.forename: Bruce L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D001290:Attitude; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002658:Developmental Disabilities; D004522:Educational Status; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D066107:Social Skills; D013177:Sports / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: Children; Developmental delay; Health inequalities; Participation; Sports