title: Surface-rain interactions: differences in copper runoff for copper sheet of different inclination, orientation, and atmospheric exposure conditions.
abstract: Predictions of the diffuse dispersion of metals from outdoor constructions such as roofs and facades are necessary for environmental risk assessment and management. An existing predictive model has been compared with measured data of copper runoff from copper sheets exposed at four different inclinations facing four orientations at two different urban sites (Stockholm, Sweden, and Milan, Italy) during a 4-year period. Its applicability has also been investigated for copper sheet exposed at two marine sites(Cadiz, Spain, for 5 years, and Brest, France, for 9 years). Generally the model can be used for all given conditions. However, vertical surfaces should be considered as surfaces inclined 60-80 due to wind driven effects. The most important parameters that influence copper runoff, and not already included in the model, are the wind and rain characteristics that influence the actual rainfall volume impinging the surface of interest.
authors.affiliation: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Dept. Chemistry, Div. Surface and Corrosion Science, Sweden. yolanda@kth.se
authors.forename: Yolanda S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hedberg
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goidanich
authors.forename: Gunilla
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Herting
authors.forename: Inger Odnevall
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Wallinder
mesh_terms: D001272:Atmosphere / Q000737:chemistry*; D002980:Climate; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D008670:Metals; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011891:Rain / Q000737:chemistry*; D013030:Spain; D014919:Wind
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D008670:Metals; D003300:Copper