title: The cerebrospinal fluid cytokine signature of multiple sclerosis: a homogenous response that does not conform to the Th1/Th2/Th17 convention.
abstract: In this cross-sectional study, we wanted to identify key cytokines characteristic of different stages of multiple sclerosis (MS). To this end, cerebrospinal fluid from patients with MS was investigated with a multiplexed fluorescent bead-based immunoassay. In total 43 cytokines were assessed and related to clinical and imaging data. Increased levels of CCL22, CXCL10 and sCD40L characterized relapsing-remitting MS patients with the presence of gadolinium-enhancing lesions; decreased CCL2 and increased CXCL1 and CCL5 were typical of relapsing-remitting MS patients irrespectively of the presence of gadolinium-enhancing lesions. These homogenous patterns of cytokine activation do not conform to conventional Th1/Th2/Th17 responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Neurology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: joachim.burman@neuro.uu.se.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burman
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Moa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fransson
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Angelica S I
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Loskog
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zetterberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Raili
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raininko
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University and University Hospital of Northern Sweden, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Svenningsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Neurology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fagius
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sara M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mangsbo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Cerebrospinal fluid; Cytokines; Magnetic resonance imaging; Multiple sclerosis