title: Behavioral activation in acute inpatient psychiatry: a multiple baseline evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study employed a multiple baseline study design with repeated measures to explore clinical outcomes, therapy mechanisms, and feasibility of Behavioral Activation for persons admitted to inpatient psychiatry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six adult inpatients with depressive symptoms and different psychiatric disorders were randomized to different lengths of baseline standard inpatient treatment. Subsequently a 5-day, 10-session Behavioral Activation protocol was added. Daily self-report outcome and process measures were administered and supplemented with hourly self-reports and clinician assessments before and after each study phase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a relatively stable baseline, at least four participants showed marked gradual improvements both in terms of outcome as well as activation and avoidance as Behavioral Activation was initiated. The temporal relation between process and outcome differed somewhat across metrics. In most instances however, change in activation and avoidance either coincided or preceded decreased depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We did not include some relatively common disorders, did not control for the effects of increased attention, did not investigate treatment integrity, and did not conduct follow-up after discharge. Raters were not blind and measures were mainly focused on depressive symptoms. All received concurrent medical treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary study further supports the promise of Behavioral Activation as an inpatient treatment for persons with a variety of psychiatric disorders. Results also lends preliminary support for the purported mechanisms of Behavioral Activation.
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Folke
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hursti
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tungström
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Söderberg
authors.forename: Jonathan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kanter
authors.forename: Klara
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuutmann
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Olofsson
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ekselius
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001526:Behavioral Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires