title: Rectal pre-treatment with ozonized oxygen (O3) aggravates clinic status in septic rats treated with amoxicillin/clavulanate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the advanced antibiotic therapies, sepsis continues being a clinical entity with high morbidity and mortality. The ozone/oxygen mixture (O3/O2) has been reported to exhibit positive effects on immunity. The aim of our study was to analyze whether (O3/O2) combined with amoxicillin/clavulanate has any influence on the morbidity and mortality of septic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used 48 Sprague-Dawley rats randomly allocated to 6 groups (n=8): healthy (C), septic (I), healthy+ozone therapy (O3), septic+amoxicillin/clavulanate (AMC), septic+amoxicillin/clavulanate+ozone therapy (AMC/O3) and septic+ozone therapy (I/O3). O3/O2 was administered rectally at increasing O3 concentrations during 10 days prior to the onset of sepsis model (intraperitoneally injection of fecal material) or saline administration in healthy control rats. Later (post-inoculation), 3 days per week, O3 was also administered. Vital signs were recorded, and microbiological, hematological and histopathological studies were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of surviving animal/total was higher in AMC (8/8) than in AMC/O3 (4/8) p=0.077. The percentage of surviving animals with pneumonia was higher in AMC/O3 than in AMC (100% vs 37.5%). In dead animals, AMC/O3 rats had a significantly higher percentage of lesions: Cardiac lesions, pulmonary hemorrhages and pleuritis (100%) and serositis/peritonitis (75%). Only Escherichia coli (2 different biotypes) was isolated from blood and/or peritoneal fluid from all infected groups. A significant decrease in the percentage of band neutrophils from the surviviors belonging to AMC/O3vs AMC was observed (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rectal pre-treatment with O3/O2 aggravates clinic status in septic rats treated with amoxicillin/clavulanate.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit, Hptal Universitario de Gran Canaria, Dr. Negrín, Multidisciplinary Organ Dysfunction Evaluation Research Network, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. Electronic address: jlmbarrasa@gmail.com.
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Martín-Barrasa
authors.affiliation: Research Unit, Hptal Universitario de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
authors.forename: Charlín
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Méndez Cordovez
authors.affiliation: Morphology Department, Facultad de Veterinaria, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Espinosa de los Monteros y Zayas
authors.affiliation: Animal Pathology Department, Facultad de Veterinaria, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
authors.forename: M Candelaria
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Juste de Santa Ana
authors.affiliation: Research Unit, Radioterapy Oncology Service, Hptal Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
authors.forename: Bernardino
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Clavo Varas
authors.affiliation: Morphology Department, Facultad de Veterinaria, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Herráez Thomas
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Service, Hptal Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bordes Benitez
authors.affiliation: Animal Pathology Department, Facultad de Veterinaria, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
authors.forename: José Alberto
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Montoya-Alonso
authors.affiliation: Research Unit, Hptal Universitario de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-Bello
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Service, Hptal Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Artiles Campelo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Facultad de Veterinaria, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.
authors.forename: M Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Tejedor-Junco
mesh_terms: D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D010126:Ozone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D010998:Pleurisy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D011292:Premedication; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D010126:Ozone; D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Amoxicilina/clavulánico; Amoxicillin/clavulanate; Corazón; Eacherichia coli; Escherichia coli; Hearth; Leucogram; Leucograma; Lung; Ozone; Ozono; Pulmón; Rat; Rata; Sepsis