title: Lower extremity rotational and angular issues in children.
abstract: Familial concern regarding perceived rotational and angular deformities is a common part of any primary care practice. It is essential for the medical practitioner to understand the wide normal range in children and the natural history of lower extremity development over time. Most lower extremity rotational and angular issues in young children resolve spontaneously over time, and require little or no intervention. In the current atmosphere of medical cost containment, coupled with the shortage of pediatric orthopedic surgeons, many of these patients should be managed by the primary care provider and do not require referral for more specialized care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, CSB708, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. Electronic address: jfm3md@aol.com.
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Mooney
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D056304:Genu Valgum; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology*; D010808:Physical Examination; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D014102:Torsion Abnormality
keywords: Angular deformity; Femoral anteversion; Rotational deformity; Tibial torsion