title: Source of ventilatory complexity in the postmetamorphic tadpole brainstem, Pelophylax ridibundus: A pharmacological study.
abstract: The neural respiratory output of isolated brainstems of post-metamorphic tadpoles displays two motor patterns, the buccal and the lung rhythms. Their global dynamics are complex and chaos-like. This study aimed at determining the source of this complexity. The neural respiratory output was recorded during exposure to increasing concentration of DAMGO or to reduced chloride concentration. Complexity was quantified with the noise limit (NL) and the largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE) values. DAMGO decreased lung frequency (p<0.0001), NL (p<0.0001) and LLE (p=0.0001) without changing buccal frequency (p=0.2392). Reduced concentration of chloride decreased buccal frequency (p=0.011) without changing lung frequency (p=0.2393) whereas NL (p=0.011) and LLE (p=0.027) increased significantly. When taking all the recordings into account, NL and LLE were correlated to lung frequency (r=0.661, p<0.0001 and r=0.3948, p=0.0012, respectively) but not to buccal frequency (r=0.1191, p=0.3487 and r=0.2083, p=0.0985, respectively). Therefore, the lung neural oscillator is both necessary and sufficient to the ventilatory complexity in the isolated brainstem of the post-metamorphic tadpole.
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1158, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 1158, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, F-75005 Paris, France. Electronic address: anja.ranohavimparany@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ranohavimparany
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1158, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 1158, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, F-75005 Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles de la Respiration, de l'Exercice et de la Dyspnée, F-75013 Paris, France. Electronic address: nathalie.bautin@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bautin
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1158, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 1158, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, F-75005 Paris, France. Electronic address: mn.fiamma@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marie-Noëlle
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Fiamma
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1158, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 1158, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, F-75005 Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Médicale, F-75013 Paris, France. Electronic address: thomas.similowski@psl.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Similowski
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1158, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 1158, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, F-75005 Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles de la Respiration, de l'Exercice et de la Dyspnée, F-75013 Paris, France. Electronic address: christian.straus@psl.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Straus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000502:physiology*; D004594:Electrophysiology; D007814:Larva / Q000502:physiology*; D011892:Rana catesbeiana / Q000502:physiology*; D012119:Respiration
keywords: Isolated brainstem; Nonlinear analysis; Respiratory control; Tadpole