title: Bovine herpesvirus-1: evaluation of genetic diversity of subtypes derived from field strains of varied clinical syndromes and their relationship to vaccine strains.
abstract: Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) causes significant disease in cattle. Control programs in North America incorporate vaccination with modified live viral (MLV) or killed (KV) vaccine. BoHV-1 strains are isolated from diseased animals or fetuses after vaccination. There are markers for differentiating MLV from field strains using whole-genome sequencing and analysis identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Using multiple primer sets and sequencing of products permits association of BoHV-1 isolates with vaccines. To determine association between vaccine virus and strains isolated from clinical cases following vaccination, we analyzed 12 BoHV-1 isolates from animals with various clinical syndromes; 9 corresponded to BoHV-1.1 respiratory group. The remaining three corresponded to BoHV-1.2b, typically found in genital tracts of cattle. Four BoHV-1 isolates were identical to a vaccine strain; three were from post-vaccination abortion episodes with typical herpetic lesions whose dams had received MLV vaccine during pregnancy, and one from a heifer given a related MLV vaccine; Sequences of two respiratory isolates perfectly matched mutations characterizing RLB106 strain, a temperature sensitive mutant used in intranasal and parenteral vaccines. The last three respiratory strains clearly appeared related to a group of MLV vaccines. Previously the MLV vaccines were grouped into four groups based on SNPs patterns. In contrast with above-mentioned isolates that closely matched SNP patterns of their respective MLV vaccine virus, these 3 strains both lacked some and possessed a number of additional mutations compared to a group of MLV vaccine viral genome. Finding BoHV-1.2b in respiratory cases indicates focus should be given BoHV-1.2b as an emerging virus or a virus not recognized nor fully characterized in BRD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA. Electronic address: Robert.fulton@okstate.edu.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Fulton
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: d'Offay
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eberle
authors.affiliation: California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, Tulare, CA 93274, USA.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Moeller
authors.affiliation: Colorado State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
authors.forename: H Van
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Campen
authors.affiliation: Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, Laramie, WY 82070, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: O'Toole
authors.affiliation: South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chase
authors.affiliation: Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, Laramie, WY 82070, USA.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sprowls
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Nydam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology*; D007242:Herpesvirus 1, Bovine / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D022283:Herpesvirus Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D009154:Mutation; D009656:North America; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011247:Pregnancy; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D022283:Herpesvirus Vaccines
keywords: Bovine herpesvirus-1; Clinical syndromes; Genetics; Vaccines