title: A novel aerosol generator for homogenous distribution of powder over  the lungs after pulmonary administration to small laboratory animals.
abstract: To evaluate powder formulations for pulmonary administration in pre-clinic research, the powder should be administered to the lungs of small laboratory animals. To do so properly, a device is needed that generates particles small enough to reach deep into the lungs. In this study a newly developed aerosol generator was tested for pulmonary administration of powder to the lungs of mice and its performance was compared to the only currently available device, the Penn-Century insufflator. Results showed that both devices generated powder particles of approximately the same size distribution, but the fine particle fraction needed for deep lung administration was strongly improved when the aerosol generator was used.Imaging studies in mice showed that powder particles from the aerosol generator deposited into the deep lung, where powder from the Penn-Century insufflator did not reach further than the conducting airways.Furthermore, powder administered by using the aerosol generator was more homogenously distributed over the five individual lungs lobes than powder administrated by using the Penn-Century insufflator.
authors.forename: Wouter F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Tonnis
authors.forename: Marieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bagerman
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weij
authors.forename: Jelmer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sjollema
authors.forename: Henderik W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Frijlink
authors.forename: Wouter L J
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Hinrichs
authors.forename: Anne H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: de Boer
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000336:Aerosols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000830:Animals, Laboratory; D058995:Dry Powder Inhalers / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols