title: Involvement of dopaminergic and cholinergic pathways in the induction of yawning and genital grooming by the aqueous extract of Saccharum officinarum L. (sugarcane) in rats.
abstract: Yawning, associated with genital grooming, is a physiological response that may be used for elucidating the mechanism of action of drugs. Preliminary analysis showed that aqueous extract (AE) of Saccharum induced yawns in rats. So, we aimed to quantify these behavioral responses and investigate the pharmacological mechanisms involved in these actions. During 120 min, after AE administration, the yawns and the genital grooming were quantified at 10 min intervals. Since dopaminergic and cholinergic pathways are implied in these responses, AE were evaluated in the presence of haloperidol 0.5 mg/kg and atropine 2 mg/kg. AE 0.5 g/kg increased the yawns, effect that was blocked both by haloperidol and atropine. Genital grooming could only be stimulated by AE 0.5 g/kg when dopaminergic receptors were blocked by haloperidol. However, it was inhibited when atropine was previously administered. So, we demonstrated a central action of Saccharum and it was postulated that neural circuits with the participation of dopaminergic and cholinergic pathways are involved. The fact that AE is comprised of innumerous compounds could justify the extract's distinct responses. Also, we cannot disregard the presence of different neural circuits that count on the participation of dopaminergic and cholinergic pathways and could be activated by the same induction agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences of the Santa Casa de São Paulo Medical School of Medical Sciences - R. Dr. Cesário Mota Júnior, 112, Vila Buarque, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: maria.gamberini@fcmsantacasasp.edu.br.
authors.forename: Maria T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Gamberini
authors.affiliation: Department of Health of Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gamberini
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences of the Santa Casa de São Paulo Medical School of Medical Sciences - R. Dr. Cesário Mota Júnior, 112, Vila Buarque, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonia G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Nasello
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D006120:Grooming / Q000187:drug effects*; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D031786:Saccharum / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water; D015000:Yawning / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014867:Water; D001285:Atropine; D006220:Haloperidol; D000109:Acetylcholine; D004298:Dopamine
keywords: Acetylcholine; Dopamine; Grooming; Rats; Saccharum; Yawning