title: Quantification of perfusion in murine myocardium: A retrospectively triggered T1 -based ASL method using model-based reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A method for the quantification of perfusion in murine myocardium is demonstrated. The method allows for the reconstruction of perfusion maps on arbitrary time points in the heart cycle while addressing problems that arise due to the irregular heart beat of mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  A flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery arterial spin labeling method using an untriggered FLASH-read out with random sampling is used. Look-Locker conditions are strictly maintained. No dummy pulses or mechanism to reduce deviation from Look-Locker conditions are needed. Electrocardiogram and respiratory data are recorded for retrospective gating and triggering. A model-based technique is used to reconstruct missing k-space data to cope with the undersampling inherent in retrospectively gated methods. Acquisition and reconstruction were validated numerically and in phantom measurements before in vivo experimentation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Quantitative perfusion maps were acquired within a single slice measurement time of 11 min. Perfusion values are in good accordance to literature values. Myocardial infarction could be clearly visualized and results were confirmed with histological results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed method is capable of producing quantitative perfusion maps on arbitrary positions in the heart cycle within a short measurement time. The method is robust against irregular breathing patterns and heart rate changes and can be implemented on all scanners.
authors.affiliation: Universität Würzburg, Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik 5, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.|Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Core Facility Imaging, Straubmühlweg 2a, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Fabian T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Gutjahr
authors.affiliation: Universität Würzburg, Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik 5, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kampf
authors.affiliation: Universität Würzburg, Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik 5, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.affiliation: Universität Würzburg, Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik 5, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Cord B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: Universität Würzburg, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Universität Würzburg, Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik 5, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Jakob
authors.affiliation: Universität Würzburg, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfgang R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.affiliation: German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ziener
authors.affiliation: Universität Würzburg, Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik 5, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Helluy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D055424:Cardiac-Gated Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055414:Myocardial Perfusion Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: CINE; arterial spin labeling; cardiac; look-locker; model-based reconstruction; perfusion; retrospective triggering