title: Different responses to facilitatory rTMS according to BDNF genotype.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether there is a relation between the plasticity induced by different intensities of facilitatory rTMS with different intensities and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genotype.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty healthy volunteers (14 men, mean age 27.3years) were enrolled. All participants received three high-frequency rTMS applications in random order over the non-dominant primary motor cortex with more than a 24-h washout period: 1st condition, rTMS with sub-threshold intensity; 2nd condition, rTMS with supra-threshold intensity; and 3rd condition, sham rTMS. Cortical excitability was assessed before and after rTMS using motor-evoked potentials (MEPs). Data were analyzed using the BDNF genotype.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve, 19, and 9 participants were classified into Val/Val, Val/Met, and Met/Met groups, respectively. In each group, there were significant increases in the amplitude of MEPs after 1st and 2nd conditions (P<0.05), but not after 3rd condition. In Val/Val group, the increase ratio of MEPs' amplitude after 2nd condition was significantly higher than 1st condition (P<0.05). However, no significant amplitude differences in Val/Met and Met/Met groups were observed after 1st and 2nd conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-frequency rTMS induces the facilitation of cortical excitability regardless of BDNF genotype. BDNF genotype might influence on different responses of plasticity based on the rTMS intensity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BDNF genotype is one of influence factors on the plasticity after the facilitatory rTMS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yun-Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Jae
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyeong Eun
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Uhm
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: wh.chang@samsung.com.
authors.forename: Won Hyuk
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006261:Headache / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
keywords: BDNF; Cortical excitability; Motor-evoked potentials; Polymorphism; rTMS