title: [Effects of daily consumption of milk powder on menstrual cycles and urine sex hormone concentrations of young women].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the effects of daily consumption of milk powder on Healthy young women, including the effect on menstrual cycles, ovulation time and sex hormone concentrations in morning urine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two young women were recruited as subjects and randomly assigned into two groups for a milk powder consumption experiment which lasted three menstrual cycles. The first menstrual cycle is control cycle, the second menstrual cycle is milk-taking cycle. The subjects take milk diluted by 33g or 55g milk powder each day, from the 4th to the 24th day of the second menstrual cycle. The third menstrual cycles is control cycle after milk-taking. During the whole three menstrual cycle, record the length of each menstrual cycle, determine ovulation time by using basal body temperature and oviposit test paper, collect their morning urine samples at specified times (the 4th, 7th, 10th, 13rd, 16th, 19th and 24th day of first and the third menstrual cycle; the 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 9th, 12nd, 15th, 18th, 21st and 24th day of the second menstrual cycle), determine the concentrations of estradiol, pregnanediol and creatinine in morning urine samples; draw the curve of the concentration changing over time and calculate the area under the curve to the 24th day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the high-dose group, the mean of the menstrual cycle length are (29.60 ±3.180) d, (28.87 ± 3.021) d, (29.60 ± 2.995) d, the mean of the ovulation time are (15.47 ± 2.200) d. There was no significant difference in menstrual cycle length and ovulation time among cycles and between groups (P>0.05). Calculate the difference between the first and the second menstrual cycle, and the difference between the two groups. In the high-dose group, the area under the curve of estradiol concentrations adjusted by creatinine are (7160.28 ±2305.52), (6700.26 ±2066.67); (6676.24 ±2573.89); the area under the curve of pregnanediol concentrations corrected by creatinine are (51.93 ±18.80), (44.55 ±14.62) and (46.49 ±22.44). In the low-dose group, the area under the curve of estradiol concentrations adjusted by creatinine are (6838.21 ±2573.89), (6611.33 ±1648.21) and (5949.24 ±1437.54)/ The area under the curve of pregnanediol concentrations adjusted by creatinine are (49.25 ±15.68), (48.79 ±15.61) and (43.45 ±12.77). There’s no significant difference of the area under the curve among three menstrual cycles and between two groups (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  21 days’ continuous daily consumption of milk powder does not have a significant impact on menstrual cycle, or on the estradiol/pregnanediol concentrations in morning urine.
authors.forename: Man
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.forename: Zhixu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jieshu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shanshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yuexin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D004958:Estradiol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000652:urine; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology / Q000652:urine*; D008598:Menstruation / Q000187:drug effects; D008892:Milk / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010060:Ovulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D010061:Ovulation Detection / Q000379:methods*; D011276:Pregnanediol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D004958:Estradiol; D011276:Pregnanediol