title: First overview of the Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) livestock associated species of Reunion Island, Indian Ocean.
abstract: This study establishes the first faunistic inventory of livestock associated Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) species of Reunion Island (Indian Ocean), where bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease are regularly recorded. Single night-catches were performed at 41 sites using light suction traps at altitudes ranging from 0 to 1525 m, from March to April 2005. Five species were recorded: Culicoides imicola, Culicoides bolitinos, Culicoides enderleini, Culicoides grahamii, and Culicoides kibatiensis, among which at least the first three species are known to be involved in virus transmission to ruminants and equids. This is the first record of C. bolitinos, C. kibatiensis, and C. enderleini on the island. C. imicola was the most abundant species along the sea coast. C. bolitinos was more abundant inland and on two sites on the east coast. C. kibatiensis and C. grahamii were less abundant than the other three species and limited to two foci. Spatial distribution analysis of the different species showed that C. bolitinos, C. enderleini and C. imicola were collected at low altitudes, while the other two species were found at higher altitude. A morphological identification key for adult females and males is given, as well as cytochrome oxydase subunit I sequences. Phylogenetic reconstructions showed a clear divergence between C. bolitinos from Reunion Island and mainland Africa. This monograph will help to identify the Culicoides species in the poorly known entomological fauna of the south-western Indian Ocean region.
authors.affiliation: Cirad, UMR15 Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Montpellier, France; INRA, UMR1309 Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Desvars
authors.affiliation: Groupement de Défense Sanitaire, La Plaine des Cafres, La Réunion, France.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Grimaud
authors.affiliation: Cirad, UMR15 Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Montpellier, France; INRA, UMR1309 Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guis
authors.affiliation: Groupement de Défense Sanitaire, La Plaine des Cafres, La Réunion, France.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Esnault
authors.affiliation: Cirad, UMR15 Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Montpellier, France; INRA, UMR1309 Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Allène
authors.affiliation: Cirad, UMR15 Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Montpellier, France; INRA, UMR1309 Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gardès
authors.affiliation: Cirad, UMR15 Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Montpellier, France; INRA, UMR1309 Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Balenghien
authors.affiliation: Cirad, UMR15 Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Montpellier, France; INRA, UMR1309 Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baldet
authors.affiliation: Institut de Parasitologie et de Pathologie Tropicale de Strasbourg (IPPTS), Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Delécolle
authors.affiliation: Cirad, UMR15 Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Montpellier, France; INRA, UMR1309 Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Montpellier, France. Electronic address: claire.garros@cirad.fr.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garros
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa; D000818:Animals; D001819:Bluetongue / Q000635:transmission; D002519:Ceratopogonidae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D018164:Hemorrhagic Disease Virus, Epizootic; D019156:Indian Ocean; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology; D058751:Livestock / Q000469:parasitology*; D008297:Male; D010802:Phylogeny; D012088:Reoviridae Infections / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary; D017508:Reunion
keywords: Biting midges; Cytochrome oxidase subunit I; Indian Ocean; Livestock; Species diversity; Vector species