title: Transport stress induces apoptosis in rat myocardial tissue via activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways.
abstract: The present study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of myocardial damage induced by simulated transport stress. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 35 °C and 60 rpm (0.1×g rcf) on a constant temperature shaker. The blood samples were prepared for detection of epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and serum cardiac troponin T (cTNT); myocardium samples were prepared for morphological examination and signaling protein quantitative. The result showed that plasma norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) concentrations increased in all stressed groups (P < 0.01). Levels of serum cardiac troponin T (cTNT) were elevated in both the S2d (P < 0.05) and S3d groups (P < 0.01). The concentration of plasma BNP was increased significantly in S3d group (P < 0.05); the difference in ANP was not remarkable. Morphological observation demonstrated obvious microstructure and ultrastructure damage after simulated transport stress. There was also a significant increase in the number of TUNEL-positive cardiomyocytes in stressed hearts. Western blot analysis found that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways were activated by strengthening phosphorylation of ASK-1, JNK, P38 and ERK in rat myocardial tissue after simulated transport stress (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). In addition, the ratio of pro-apoptotic Bax and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins was increased in stressed rats (P < 0.01), and the amount of cleaved-caspase3 increased in all stressed rats (P < 0.01). The expression of cleaved-caspase9 protein was also elevated in S2d and S3d groups (P < 0.01). Consequently simulated transport stress induced obvious myocardial damage, which may be attributed to the activation of caspase 9-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and MAPK pathways.
authors.affiliation: CAU-BUA TCVM Teaching and Researching Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Changrong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: CAU-BUA TCVM Teaching and Researching Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: CAU-BUA TCVM Teaching and Researching Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: CAU-BUA TCVM Teaching and Researching Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dandan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: CAU-BUA TCVM Teaching and Researching Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaolong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: CAU-BUA TCVM Teaching and Researching Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shasha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: CAU-BUA TCVM Teaching and Researching Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mingjiang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture (BUA), No. 7 Beinong Road, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture (BUA), No. 7 Beinong Road, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China. liufenghua1209@126.com.
authors.forename: Fenghua
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: CAU-BUA TCVM Teaching and Researching Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China. xujianqincau@126.com.
authors.forename: Jianqin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008297:Male; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013997:Time Factors; D014186:Transportation; D020107:Troponin T / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D020107:Troponin T; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine
keywords: Apoptosis; MAPK; Myocardial damage; Transport stress