title: Curcumin-induced angiogenesis hastens wound healing in diabetic rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neovasculogenesis, vital for wound healing, gets compromised in diabetics patients, which consequently delayed wound healing. Previous studies have shown curcumin as both a stimulatory and an inhibitory agent in the neovasculogenesis process. So, present study was aimed to investigate the effects of curcumin on wound healing in diabetic rats and to explore the expressions of the various factors involved in neovasculogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Open excisional diabetic wound was created in sixty rats and divided into three groups viz. i) control, ii) pluronic gel-treated, and iii) curcumin-treated. The pluronic F-127 gel (25%) and curcumin (0.3%) in the pluronic gel were topically applied once daily for 19 d. The wound healing and neovasculogenesis among these groups were evaluated by gross appearance of wounds and microscopically by hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry for CD31, messenger RNA expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, hypoxia-inducible growth factor-1 alpha, stromal cell-derived growth factor-1 alpha, and heme oxygenase-1, and Western blotting studies of VEGF and TGF-β1 in granulation and/or healing tissue on days 3, 7, 14, and 19.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Curcumin application caused markedly fast wound closure with well-formed granulation tissue dominated by fibroblast proliferation, collagen deposition, and complete early regenerated epithelial layer. Immunohistochemistry for CD31 revealed well-formed blood vessels with increased microvessel density on days 3, 7, and 14 in the curcumin-treated group. Expressions of VEGF and TGF-β1 on days 3, 7, and 14, hypoxia-inducible growth factor-1 alpha, stromal cell-derived growth factor-1 alpha, and heme oxygenase-1 on days 3 and 7 were increased in curcumin-treated diabetic rats, as compared with other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Curcumin enhanced the neovasculogenesis and accelerated the wound healing in diabetic rats by increased expressions of various factors.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India.
authors.forename: Vinay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kant
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India.
authors.forename: Anu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gopal
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India.
authors.forename: Dhirendra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India.
authors.forename: Nitya N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Pathak
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India.
authors.forename: Mahendra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ram
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India.
authors.forename: Babu L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Jangir
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India.
authors.forename: Surendra K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Tandan
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India. Electronic address: dineshks17@ivri.res.in.
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000378:metabolism; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000378:metabolism; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C575935:CXCL12 protein, rat; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; C497444:Hif1a protein, rat; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D010936:Plant Extracts; C508962:Tgfb1 protein, rat; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C467498:vascular endothelial growth factor A, rat; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); C491523:Hmox1 protein, rat; D003474:Curcumin
keywords: Curcumin; Diabetic wound; Healing; Neovasculogenesis; Rats