title: Applications of blood-oxygen-level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging in epilepsy.
abstract: The lifetime prevalence of epilepsy ranges from 2.7 to 12.4 per 1000 in Western countries. Around 30% of patients with epilepsy remain refractory to antiepileptic drugs and continue to have seizures. Noninvasive imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have helped to better understand mechanisms of seizure generation and propagation, and to localize epileptic, eloquent, and cognitive networks. In this review, the clinical applications of fMRI and DTI are discussed, for mapping cognitive and epileptic networks and organization of white matter tracts in individuals with epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; MRI Unit, Epilepsy Society, Chesham Lane, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire SL9 0RJ, UK. Electronic address: umair.chaudhary@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Umair J
authors.initials: UJ
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; MRI Unit, Epilepsy Society, Chesham Lane, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire SL9 0RJ, UK; Queen Square Division, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Duncan
mesh_terms: D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007806:Language Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Blood-oxygen-level-dependent; Diffusion tensor imaging; Electroencephalography-fMRI; Epilepsy; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Language; Memory; Tractography