title: Chemical fingerprinting of silicone-based breast implants.
abstract: With millions of women worldwide carrying them, silicone-based breast implants represent a large market. Even though silicone breast implants already have a history of use of more than 50 years, the discussion on their safety has not yet come to an end. To improve safety assessment, regulatory authorities should have the availability of a set of tests to be able to determine parameters of implant identity and quality. Therefore, the gels and envelopes of various brands and types of silicone-based breast implants have been subjected to infrared, Raman and NMR spectroscopy. We show that by using a combination of complementary spectroscopic techniques breast implants of various origins can be distinguished on typical chemical hallmarks. It was found that typical silicone-based implants display a surplus of vinyl signals in the gel, cyclosiloxane impurities are tolerable at low levels only and a barrier layer is present in the implant envelope. The techniques presented here and the results obtained offer a good starting point for market surveillance studies.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Peter H J
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Keizers
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marjo J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Vredenbregt
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dries
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Kaste
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. Electronic address: bastiaan.venhuis@rivm.nl.
authors.forename: Bastiaan J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Venhuis
mesh_terms: D018427:Breast Implants / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D012828:Silicones / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D012828:Silicones
keywords: PIP; RAMAN; Silicone implants; Spectroscopy; Substandard