title: Abnormal flexor carpi radialis H-reflex as a specific indicator of C7 as compared with C6 radiculopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The H-reflex of the flexor carpi radialis (FCR H-reflex) has not been commonly used for the diagnosis of cervical radiculopathy when compared with the routinely tested soleus H-reflex. Although both S1 and S2 roots innervate the soleus, the H-reflex is selectively related to S1 nerve root function clinically. Flexor carpi radialis is also innervated by two nerve roots which are C6 and C7. Although they are among the most common roots involved in cervical radiculopathy, few studies reported if the attenuation of the FCR H-reflex is caused by lesions affecting C7 or C6 nerve roots, or both. We aimed to identify whether an abnormal FCR H-reflex was attributed to the C7 or C6 nerve root lesion, or both. The sensitivities of needle electromyography, FCR H-reflex, and provocative tests in unilateral C7 or C6 radiculopathy were also compared in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A concentric needle electrode recorded bilateral FCR H-reflexes in 41 normal subjects (control group), 51 patients with C7 radiculopathy, and 54 patients with C6 radiculopathy. Clinical, radiological, and surgical approaches identified the precise single cervical nerve root involved in all patient groups. The H-reflex and M-wave latencies were measured and compared bilaterally. Abnormal FCR H-reflex was defined as the absence of the H-reflex or a side-to-side difference over 1.5 milliseconds which was based on the normal side-to-side difference of the H-reflex latency of 16.9 milliseconds (SD = 1.7 milliseconds) from the control group. We also determined standard median and ulnar conduction and needle electromyography. The provocative tests included bilateral determination of the Shoulder Abduction and Spurling's tests in all radiculopathy group patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abnormal FCR H-reflexes were recorded in 45 (88.2%) of C7 radiculopathy group patients, and 2 (3.7%) of C6 radiculopathy group patients (P < 0.05). Needle electromyography was abnormal in 41 (80.4%) of C7 radiculopathy patients and 43 (79.6%) of C6 radiculopathy patients. Provocative tests were positive in 15 (29.4%) of C7 radiculopathy patients and 25 (46.3%) of C6 radiculopathy patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Flexor carpi radialis H-Reflex provides a sensitive assessment of evaluating the C7 spinal reflex pathway. Clinically, a combination of the FCR H-reflex with needle electromyography may yield the highest level of diagnostic information for evaluating clinical cases of C7 radiculopathy.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and †Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York at Syracuse, Syracuse, New York, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Chaojun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Feizhou
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Xiaosheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Xinlei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Lixun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Jianyuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Anuvat
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004576:Electromyography; D006181:H-Reflex; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation*; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011843:Radiculopathy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011930:Reaction Time; D012021:Reflex, Abnormal; D013997:Time Factors