title: Correlates of prediabetes and type II diabetes in US South Asians: findings from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we aim to elucidate the role of sociodemographic, lifestyle, and cultural factors in prediabetes and diabetes in South Asian immigrants to the United States, a population at high risk of type II diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a cross-sectional analysis of a community-based cohort of 899 South Asians without known cardiovascular disease from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America study. Glycemic status was determined by fasting glucose, 2-hour postchallenge glucose, and use of diabetes medication. We used multinomial logistic regression models to estimate the independent associations of sociodemographic, lifestyle, and cultural factors with prediabetes and diabetes, adjusting for confounders identified using directed acyclic graphs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 33% of participants had prediabetes and 25% had diabetes. In multivariate analyses, an independent correlate of prediabetes was low exercise. Additional covariates associated with diabetes included lower family income, less education, high chronic psychological burden score, and greater time spent watching television; and fasting monthly or annually was inversely associated with diabetes prevalence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found several modifiable risk factors associated with prediabetes and diabetes that may help guide diabetes prevention interventions for South Asian immigrants to the United States.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco. Electronic address: Arti.Shah@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Arti D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vittinghoff
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Namratha R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Kandula
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco.
authors.forename: Shweta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco.
authors.forename: Alka M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kanaya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001213:Asian / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003469:Culture; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000208:ethnology*; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000208:ethnology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Diabetes risk factors; Dietary factors; Lifestyle factors; Prediabetes risk factors; Socioeconomic status; South Asian immigrants