title: [Invasive fungal disease due to Scedosporium, Fusarium and mucorales].
abstract: The number of emerging organisms causing invasive fungal infections has increased in the last decades. These etiological agents include Scedosporium, Fusarium and mucorales. All of them can cause disseminated, virulent, and difficult-to treat infections in immunosuppressed patients, the most affected, due to their resistance to most available antifungal agents. Current trends in transplantation including the use of new immunosuppressive treatments, the common prescription of antifungal agents for prophylaxis, and new ecological niches could explain the emergence of these fungal pathogens. These pathogens can also affect immunocompetent individuals, especially after natural disasters (earthquakes, floods, tsunamis), combat wounds or near drowning. All the invasive infections caused by Scedosporium, Fusarium, and mucorales are potentially lethal and a favourable outcome is associated with rapid diagnosis by direct microscopic examination of the involved tissue, wide debridement of infected material, early use of antifungal agents including combination therapy, and an improvement in host defenses, especially neutropenia.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pemán
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España. Electronic address: salavert_mig@gva.es.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salavert
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D003646:Debridement; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D016469:Fungemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D060585:Fusariosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D009091:Mucormycosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D009172:Mycology / Q000379:methods; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000150:complications; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D016377:Organ Transplantation; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000382:microbiology; D011541:Pseudallescheria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D021681:Scedosporium / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents
keywords: Escedosporiasis; Fusariosis; Fusarium; Mucormicosis; Mucormycosis; Pseudallescheria; Rhizopus; Scedosporiosis; Scedosporium