title: Transcultural adaption and validation of the Spanish version of the Bipolar Depression Rating Scale (BDRS-S).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Bipolar Depression Rating Scale (BDRS) arguably better captures symptoms in bipolar depression especially depressive mixed states than traditional unipolar depression rating scales. The psychometric properties of the Spanish adapted version, BDRS-S, are reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  The BDRS was translated into Spanish by two independent psychiatrists fluent in English and Spanish. After its back-translation into English, the BDRS-S was administered to 69 DSMI-IV bipolar I and II patients who were recruited from two Spanish psychiatric hospitals. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) were concurrently administered. 42 patients were reviewed via video by four psychiatrists blind to the psychopathological status of those patients. In order to assess the BDRS-S intra-rater or test-retest validity, 22 subjects were assessed by the same investigator performing two evaluations within five days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The BDRS-S had a good internal consistency (Cronbach׳s α=0.870). We observed strong correlations between the BDRS-S and the HDRS (r=0.874) and MADRS (r=0.854) and also between the mixed symptom cluster score of the BDRS-S and the YMRS (r=0.803). Exploratory factor analysis revealed a three factor solution: psychological depressive symptoms cluster, somatic depressive symptoms cluster and mixed symptoms cluster.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A relatively small sample size for a 20-item scale.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The BDRS-S provides solid psychometric performance and in particular captures depressive or mixed symptoms in Spanish bipolar patients.
authors.affiliation: FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarró
authors.affiliation: FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Benito Menni Complex Assistencial en Salut Mental, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.
authors.forename: Mercè
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Madre
authors.affiliation: FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Benito Menni Complex Assistencial en Salut Mental, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.
authors.forename: Paloma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fernández-Corcuera
authors.affiliation: Bipolar Disorders Program, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valentí
authors.affiliation: Bipolar Disorders Program, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Goikolea
authors.affiliation: FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pomarol-Clotet
authors.affiliation: IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, School of Medicine, Australia; Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berk
authors.affiliation: FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: benedikt.amann@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Benedikt L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Amann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis; D005008:Ethnopsychology / Q000379:methods*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology*; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000592:standards*; D011570:Psychiatry; D011594:Psychometrics; D011599:Psychopathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013030:Spain; D014177:Translations
keywords: BDRS; Bipolar depression; Bipolar disorder; Mixed episode; Rating scale; Validation