title: Characterization of two recent Japanese field isolates of canine distemper virus and examination of the avirulent strain utility as an attenuated vaccine.
abstract: Recently, several new strains of canine distemper virus (CDV) have been isolated in Japan. To investigate their pathogenesis in dogs, the Yanaka and Bunkyo-K strains were investigated by infecting dogs and determining clinical signs, amount of virus, and antibody responses. The Yanaka strain is avirulent and induced an antibody response. The Bunkyo-K strain induced typical CDV clinical signs in infected dogs and virulence was enhanced by brain passage. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of H genes demonstrated the Bunkyo-K strains were of a different lineage from Asia-1 group including the Yanaka strain and Asia-2 group that contain recent Japanese isolates, which were recently identified as major prevalent strains worldwide but distinct from old vaccine strains. Based on these data, we tested the ability of the Yanaka strain for vaccination. Inoculation with the Yanaka strain efficiently induced CDV neutralizing antibodies with no clinical signs, and the protection effects against challenge with either old virulent strain or Bunkyo-K strain were equal or greater when compared with vaccination by an original vaccine strain. Thus, the Yanaka strain is a potential vaccine candidate against recent prevalent CDV strains.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takenaka
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
authors.forename: Misako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoneda
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uema
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kooriyama
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.affiliation: Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsukiyama-Kohara
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan. Electronic address: ckai@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Chieko
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004216:Distemper / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D004217:Distemper Virus, Canine / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D007564:Japan; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000662:veterinary; D013045:Species Specificity; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014764:Viral Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines
keywords: Canine distemper virus; Recent prevalent strains; Vaccine examination