title: Housefly maggot-treated composting as sustainable option for pig manure management.
abstract: In traditional composting, large amounts of bulking agents must be added to reduce the moisture of pig manure, which increases the cost of composting and dilutes the N, P and K content in organic fertilizers. In this study, maggot treatment was used in composting instead of bulking agents. In experiment of selecting an optimal inoculum level for composting, the treatment of 0.5% maggot inoculum resulted in the maximum yield of late instar maggots, 11.6% (maggots weight/manure weight). The manure residue became noticeably granular by day 6 and its moisture content was below 60%, which was suitable for further composting without bulking agents. Moreover, in composting experiment with a natural compost without maggot inoculum and maggot-treated compost at 0.5% inoculum level, there were no significant differences in nutrient content between the two organic fertilizers from the two treatments (paired Student's t15=1.0032, P=0.3317). Therefore, maggot culturing did not affect the characteristics of the organic fertilizer. The content of TNPK (total nitrogen+total phosphorus+total potassium) in organic fertilizer from maggot treatment was 10.72% (dry weight), which was far more than that of organic fertilizer made by conventional composting with bulking agents (about 8.0%). Dried maggots as feed meet the national standard (GB/T19164-2003) for commercial fish meal in China, which contained 55.32 ± 1.09% protein; 1.34 ± 0.02% methionine; 4.15 ± 0.10% lysine. This study highlights housefly maggot-treated composting can be considered sustainable alternatives for pig manure management to achieve high-quality organic fertilizer and maggots as feed without bulking agents.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China. Electronic address: zfx76@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Feng-Xiang
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China.
authors.forename: Yan-Lai
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Work Safety Production Science Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
authors.forename: Su-Juan
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Hangzhou Meteorological Bureau, Hangzhou 310051, PR China.
authors.forename: Rong-Guang
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China.
authors.forename: Wei-Ping
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yang
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China.
authors.forename: Chun-Lai
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Hangzhou Meteorological Bureau, Hangzhou 310051, PR China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China. Electronic address: xzyhjwsw@126.com.
authors.forename: Zhi-Yong
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Huzhou Hongquan Biotechnology Limited Company, Qianjin Town, Nanxun Area, Zhejiang Province 313016, PR China.
authors.forename: Hong-Quan
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D005308:Fertilizers; D006793:Houseflies / Q000502:physiology; D007814:Larva; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D011188:Potassium / Q000032:analysis; D012987:Soil; D034421:Sus scrofa; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D008372:Manure; D012987:Soil; D010758:Phosphorus; D009584:Nitrogen; D011188:Potassium
keywords: Maggot-treated composting; Maggots as feed; Organic fertilizer; Pig manure