title: Effect of ultrasound treatment, oil addition and storage time on lycopene stability and in vitro bioaccessibility of tomato pulp.
abstract: This study was performed to investigate the influence of ultrasound processing on tomato pulp containing no sunflower oil, or increasing amounts (i.e. 2.5%, 5% and 10%), on lycopene concentration and in vitro bioaccessibility at time zero and during storage at 5 °C. Results confirmed previous findings in that ultrasonication was responsible for cell breakage and subsequent lycopene release in a highly viscous matrix. Neither the ultrasound process nor oil addition affected lycopene concentration. A decrease of approximately 35% lycopene content occurred at storage times longer than 15 days, due to isomerisation and oxidation reactions. No differences in lycopene in vitro bioaccessibility were found between the untreated and ultrasonically treated samples; this parameter decreased as a consequence of oil addition. Losses of lycopene in vitro bioaccessibility ranging between 50% and 80% occurred in the untreated and ultrasonically treated tomato pulps with and without oil during storage, mainly due to carotenoid degradation.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, The University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy. Electronic address: monica.anese@uniud.it.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anese
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, The University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bot
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LeFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular System (M2S), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, PB 2457, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Agnese
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panozzo
authors.affiliation: Dr. Schär R&D Centre, AREA Science Park, Padriciano, 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mirolo
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, The University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lippe
mesh_terms: D002338:Carotenoids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism; D000077276:Lycopene; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D014465:Ultrasonics; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D002338:Carotenoids; D000077276:Lycopene
keywords: Dietary oil; Lycopene; Lycopene in vitro bioaccessibility; Storage; Tomato pulp; Ultrasound processing