title: Glycemic targets: what is the evidence?
abstract: Hyperglycemia is the unifying metabolic abnormality for all forms of diabetes mellitus, forming the basis for its diagnosis and treatment. The strong epidemiologic associations between hyperglycemia and the complications of diabetes have given rise to the glucose hypothesis-that the complications of diabetes are caused by hyperglycemia and that they can be prevented by normalizing glucose levels. Herein the authors review the epidemiologic relationships between hyperglycemia and the complications of diabetes, the major trials of glucose lowering, and the extent to which the glucose hypothesis is supported by these studies and how this information can be translated into clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Medical Director, Yale Diabetes Center, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT. Electronic address: silvio.inzucchi@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inzucchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Section of Endocrinology, Bridgeport Hospital, Yale New Haven Health System, Bridgeport, CT.
authors.forename: Sachin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Majumdar
mesh_terms: D001158:Arteries / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055806:Microvessels / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin
keywords: Diabetes; Glycemic control; Glycemic targets; Macrovascular; Microvascular