title: Positive correlation between malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and vascular inflammation evaluated by 18F-FDG PET/CT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum levels of malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MDA-LDL) and vascular inflammation evaluated by fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study involved 106 consecutive patients (75 males and 31 female, mean age 62.5 ± 7.7 years) who visited our hospital for cardiovascular risk screening and underwent carotid ultrasonography, (18)F-FDG PET/CT, complete history, physical examinations, and determination of blood chemistry including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and MDA-LDL. Vascular inflammation, was measured as blood-normalized standardized (18)F-FDG uptake value, known as the target-to-background ratio (TBR) of carotid arteries. Univariate and multiple stepwise regression analyses were performed for determining independent correlates of carotid TBR values. Median MDA-LDL, mean carotid TBR values and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) were 127.5 (IQR 92.0-147.8) U/l, 1.55 ± 0.22, and 0.72 ± 0.15 mm, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that carotid TBR values positively correlated with MDA-LDL (p = 0.043) and carotid IMT (p = 0.049). Multiple stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that MDA-LDL (p = 0.043) and carotid IMT (p = 0.038) were independently associated with carotid TBR values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study reveals that serum levels of MDA-LDL are independently associated with vascular inflammation evaluated by (18)F-FDG PET/CT. Circulating MDA-LDL may be a more useful clinical biomarker for vascular inflammation within the atherosclerotic plaques than hsCRP or ADMA.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine, PET Center and Department of Radiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan. Electronic address: hayato@med.kurume-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hayato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaida
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan. Electronic address: ntahara@med.kurume-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nitta
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Sachiyo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Igata
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine, PET Center and Department of Radiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
authors.forename: Sho-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukumoto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000737:chemistry*; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: (18)F-FDG PET/CT; ADMA; MDA-LDL; Vascular inflammation; hsCRP