title: Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of new mixed ligand complexes of Zn(II) naproxen with nitrogen based ligands.
abstract: A series of novel Zn(II) complexes [Zn2(nap)4] (1), [Zn(nap)21,10-phen](2), [Zn(nap)22,9-dmphen] (3), [Zn(nap)2(2-ampy)2] (4), [Zn(nap)2(imid)2] (5), [Zn(nap)2(1,2-dmimid)2] (6) (nap = naproxen, 1,10-phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,9-dmphen = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, 2-ampy = 2-aminopyridine, imid = imidazole, 1,2-dmimid = 1,2-dimethyl imidazole) were synthesized and characterized using IR, UV-Vis, (1)H NMR, (13)C{(1)H} NMR spectroscopy. The crystal structure of complex 3 was determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In order to assess the effect of the metal ions on the anti-bacterial activity, complexes 1-6 have been screened in vitro, against (G(+)) bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus) and (G(-)) bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli) using the agar well diffusion method. Complex 2 was the only complex that showed antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa, where the complexation of the parent ligand 1,10-phenathroline enhanced significantly the activity. All the complexes showed different activity against the different bacteria, and were compared with activity of the parent ligands. The complexes were tested also for their anti-malarial activity using two methods: a semi-quantitative micro-assay and a previously self-developed quantitative in-vitro method. Both were used to study the efficiency of these complexes in inhibiting the formation of the Malaria pigment. This is considered an important target of many known anti-malarial drugs such as Chloroquine and Amodaquine. Results showed that the efficiency of complex 3 in preventing the formation of β-hematin was 75%. The efficiency of Amodiaquine as a standard drug was reported to give 92.5.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, West Bank, Palestine. Electronic address: habuali@birzeit.edu.
authors.forename: Hijazi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abu Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, West Bank, Palestine.
authors.forename: Hadeel
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fares
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, West Bank, Palestine.
authors.forename: Mohanad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Darawsheh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, West Bank, Palestine.
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rappocciolo
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Al-Quds University, West Bank, Palestine.
authors.forename: Mutaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akkawi
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Al-Quds University, West Bank, Palestine.
authors.forename: Suhair
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jaber
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D008024:Ligands; D008288:Malaria / Q000188:drug therapy; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009288:Naproxen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000962:Antimalarials; D008024:Ligands; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D009288:Naproxen; D015032:Zinc; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Anti-bacterial activity; Anti-malarial activity; Naproxen; Nitrogen-based ligands; Zinc(II) complexes; β-Hematin