title: Oil-enriched, ultra-small nanostructured lipid carriers (usNLC): a novel delivery system based on flip-flop structure.
abstract: For the development of ultra-small NLC (usNLC) the determination of the required HLB (hydrophilic lipophilic balance) was found to be a suitable method, i.e., usNLC with a size below 50 nm were obtained by this method. Loading with 5% (w/w) coenzyme Q10 (Q10) led to usNLC with a size of about 85 nm. In comparison to classical NLC with a size of 230 nm and a nanoemulsion with similar size, the Q10 loaded usNLC show a higher release, a higher antioxidant capacity, and a better skin penetration for Q10. The reason for this is a flip-flop core-shell structure of the lipid matrix, i.e., the oil with dissolved active is surrounding the solid lipid based core. As the flip-flop structure was probably achieved by admixing high contents of liquid lipid, oil enriched usNLC might represent a novel and promising carrier system for the improved delivery of lipophilic actives.
authors.affiliation: Applied Pharmacy Division, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Campus Pirmasens, Pirmasens, Germany; Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and NutriCosmetics, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: ck@ckc-berlin.de.
authors.forename: Cornelia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Keck
authors.affiliation: Applied Pharmacy Division, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Campus Pirmasens, Pirmasens, Germany; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand.
authors.forename: Nuttakorn
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Baisaeng
authors.affiliation: Kirial International, Laboratoire SPIRAL, Couternon, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.affiliation: Kirial International, Laboratoire SPIRAL, Couternon, France.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prost
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Martina C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Meinke
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and NutriCosmetics, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Rainer H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D065546:Drug Liberation; D004655:Emulsions; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D013499:Surface Properties; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D008055:Lipids; D014451:Ubiquinone; C024989:coenzyme Q10
keywords: Coenzyme Q10; Flip–flop core–shell structure; Lipid nanoparticles; Nanostructured lipid carriers; Required HLB; Ultra-small NLC