title: Development of a novel resin with antimicrobial properties for dental application.
abstract: The adhesion of biofilm on dental prostheses is a prerequisite for the occurrence of oral diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the antimicrobial activity and the mechanical properties of an acrylic resin embedded with nanostructured silver vanadate (β-AgVO3).
  
  
  METHODS
  The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of β-AgVO3 was studied in relation to the species Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. The halo zone of inhibition method was performed in triplicate to determine the inhibitory effect of the modified self-curing acrylic resin Dencor Lay-Clássico. The surface hardness and compressive strength were examined. The specimens were prepared according to the percentage of β-AgVO3 (0%-control, 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10%), with a sample size of 9x2 mm for surface hardness and antimicrobial activity tests, and 8x4 mm for the compression test. The values of the microbiologic analysis were compared and evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test (α=0.05); the mechanical analysis used the Shapiro-Wilk's tests, Levene's test, ANOVA (one-way), and Tukey's test (α=0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The addition of 10% β-AgVO3 promoted antimicrobial activity against all strains. The antimicrobial effect was observed at a minimum concentration of 1% for P. aeruginosa, 2.5% for S. aureus, 5% for C. albicans, and 10% for S. mutans. Surface hardness and compressive strength increased significantly with the addition of 0.5% β-AgVO3 (p<0.05). Higher rates of the nanomaterial did not alter the mechanical properties of the resin in comparison with the control group (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incorporation of β-AgVO3 has the potential to promote antimicrobial activity in the acrylic resin. At reduced rates, it improves the mechanical properties, and, at higher rates, it does not promote changes in the control.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Denise Tornavoi de
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raphael Dias
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Holtz
authors.affiliation: State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Oswaldo Luiz
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Evandro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana Lima da Costa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cláudia Helena Lovato da
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andréa Cândido dos
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Reis
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D019245:Compressive Strength; D017266:Dental Prosthesis / Q000382:microbiology; D006245:Hardness Tests; D008422:Materials Testing; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014638:Vanadates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D012834:Silver; D014638:Vanadates