title: Dietary flavonoids added to pharmacological antihypertensive therapy are effective in improving blood pressure.
abstract: Epidemiological studies have suggested that the daily intake of flavonoids is associated with a decreased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Our purpose was to evaluate the effect of the addition of dietary flavonoids (DF) to antihypertensive treatment (AHT), based on telmisartan (Tms) or captopril (Cpr), on blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio, leptin, lipid profile and inflammation in hypertensive young patients. An open-label, randomized, controlled trial was performed among 79 patients aged 20-55 years with grade I or grade II systemic arterial hypertension. The subjects were assigned to one of four groups for AHT plus DF during 6 months: Cpr (n = 14), Cpr + DF (n = 19), Tms (n = 25) and Tms + DF (n = 21). DF consisted of dark chocolate, dehydrated red apple and green tea in an infusion to obtain a daily dose of 425.8 ± 13.9 mg epicatechin equivalents. The BP and anthropometric parameters were measured every 2 weeks. Lipid profile, leptin and hsCRP were determined by standard methods. The combination AHT-DF produced an additional and significant reduction in (i) SBP/DBP of -5/-4 mmHg, being -7/-5 for Cpr + DF and -4/-3 for Tms + DF; (ii) triglyceride levels (-30.6%) versus AHT alone (-9.6%); and (iii) leptin: Cpr + DF versus Tms + DF (p < 0.005). Finally, C-reactive protein plasma levels were reduced significantly in all groups independently of the applied treatment. We conclude that the addition of flavonoids to pharmacological antihypertensive therapy shows additional benefits on BP, lipid profile, leptin, obesity and inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, INTEC, Universitary Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.|University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
authors.forename: Marina María
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: de Jesús Romero-Prado
authors.affiliation: University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.|Department of Medical Sciences, Coast Universitary Center (CUCosta), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jesús Aarón
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Curiel-Beltrán
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, INTEC, Universitary Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.|University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
authors.forename: María Viviana
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Miramontes-Espino
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, INTEC, Universitary Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ernesto Germán
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Cardona-Muñoz
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Service, Mexican Institute of Health Security, Regional Hospital No. 45, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
authors.forename: Angeles
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rios-Arellano
authors.affiliation: Clinical Analysis Laboratory, IMSS Merida, Yucatan, Mexico.
authors.forename: Lol-Be
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Balam-Salazar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001565:Benzoates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002099:Cacao; D002182:Candy; D002216:Captopril / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D027845:Malus; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D013662:Tea; D000077333:Telmisartan; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001565:Benzoates; D015415:Biomarkers; D005419:Flavonoids; D020738:Leptin; D008055:Lipids; D013662:Tea; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002216:Captopril; D000077333:Telmisartan