title: Bioactive amines in sorghum: method optimisation and influence of line, tannin and hydric stress.
abstract: The profile and levels of bioactive amines in different sorghum lines were reported for the first time. The amines were quantified by ion-pair HPLC, post-column derivatisation with o-phthalaldehyde and fluorimetric detection. The extraction procedure was optimised: 420 μm particle size, extraction with 5% trichloroacetic acid and three extractions. The screening of 22 sorghum lines showed that four of the ten amines investigated were detected. Spermine and spermidine were the prevalent amines (100%), followed by putrescine (77%) and cadaverine (14%). Total amines ranged from 5.8 to 41.4 mg/100 g, and the polyamines represented 60-100% of the total. Sorghum without tannin had higher amines levels compared to sorghum with tannin and cadaverine was specific to samples without tannin. Hydric stress caused accumulation of spermidine in the grains and affected the levels of other amines at rates depending on the presence or not of tannin. Sorghum is a significant source of polyamines.
authors.affiliation: LBqA - Laboratório de Bioquímica de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, bloco 3, sala 2091, Pampulha, CEP 31210-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Caroline Liboreiro
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Paiva
authors.affiliation: LBqA - Laboratório de Bioquímica de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, bloco 3, sala 2091, Pampulha, CEP 31210-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Warlley Pinheiro
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Evangelista
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, Caixa Postal 151, CEP 35701-970 Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valéria Aparecida Vieira
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Queiroz
authors.affiliation: LBqA - Laboratório de Bioquímica de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, bloco 3, sala 2091, Pampulha, CEP 31210-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: mbeatriz@ufmg.br.
authors.forename: Maria Beatriz Abreu
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Glória
mesh_terms: D001679:Biogenic Amines / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D055864:Droughts; D010316:Particle Size; D045868:Sorghum / Q000737:chemistry*; D013634:Tannins / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001679:Biogenic Amines; D013634:Tannins
keywords: Agmatine (PubChem CID: 2794990); Bioactive amines; Cadaverine (PubChem CID: 80282); Extraction; Histamine (PubChem CID: 5818); Hydric stress; Phenylethylamine (PubChem CID: 9075); Polyamines; Putrescine (PubChem CID: 9532); Serotonin (PubChem CID: 160436); Sorghum bicolor L.; Spermidine (PubChem CID: 9539); Spermine (PubChem CID: 9384); Tryptamine (PubChem CID: 67652); Tyramine (PubChem CID: 66449)