title: Epithelium specific ETS transcription factor, ESE-3, of Protobothrops flavoviridis snake venom gland transactivates the promoters of venom phospholipase A2 isozyme genes.
abstract: Protobothrops flavoviridis (habu) (Crotalinae, Viperidae) is a Japanese venomous snake, and its venom contains the enzymes with a variety of physiological activities. The phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) are the major components and exert various toxic effects. They are expressed abundantly in the venom gland. It is thought that the venom gland-specific transcription factors play a key role for activation of PLA2 genes specifically expressed in the venom gland. Thus, the full-length cDNA library for P. flavoviridis venom gland after milking of the venom was made to explore the transcription factors therein. As a result, three cDNAs encoding epithelium-specific ETS transcription factors (ESE)-1, -2, and -3 were obtained. Among them, ESE-3 was specifically expressed in the venom gland and activated the proximal promoters of venom PLA2 genes, which are possibly regarded as the representatives of the venom gland-specific protein genes in P. flavoviridis. Interestingly, the binding specificity of ESE-3 to the ETS binding motif located near TATA box is well correlated with transcriptional activities for the venom PLA2 genes. This is the first report that venom gland-specific transcription factor could actually activate the promoters of the venom protein genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Oshima-gun, Kagoshima 894-1531, Japan.
authors.forename: Shosaku
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-chou, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
authors.forename: Takatoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohkuri
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chijiwa
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
authors.forename: Motonori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan. Electronic address: naoko@ph.sojo-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oda-Ueda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D016466:CHO Cells; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D003435:Crotalid Venoms / Q000737:chemistry*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000235:genetics*; D005088:Exocrine Glands / Q000378:metabolism; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics; D007564:Japan; D008156:Luciferases; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D054467:Phospholipases A2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D050783:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017819:Viperidae / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003435:Crotalid Venoms; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D007527:Isoenzymes; D050783:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets; D008156:Luciferases; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
keywords: ESE-3; ETS transcription factor; Snake venom PLA(2); Tissue-specific expression