title: Complications of mandibular distraction osteogenesis for developmental deformities: a systematic review of the literature.
abstract: A systematic review of English and non-English articles on the complications of mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) for patients with developmental deformities was performed, in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Search terms expressing distraction osteogenesis were used in 'AND' combination with search terms comprising 'mandible' and terms for complication, failure, and morbidity. A search using PubMed (National Library of Medicine, NCBI), EMBASE, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register yielded 644 articles published between 1966 and mid October 2013. Clinical articles that reported complications related to MDO in developmental deformities were included. Two hundred and fifty articles were eligible and were screened in detail. A total of 32 articles reporting the cases of 565 patients were finally included. Patients underwent mandibular lengthening and transverse widening. A total of 211 complications were reported (37.4%); these were classified according to an index that indicates the clinical impact. Inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) neurosensory disturbances, minor infection, device failure, anterior open bite, permanent dental damage, and skeletal relapse were most represented. Complications that resolved spontaneously (type I) were seen in 11.0%, medically or technically manageable complications, without hospitalization, were seen in 10.8% (type II), and permanent complications (type VI) were seen in 9.6%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, VU University Medical Centre and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, Netherlands. Electronic address: cra.verlinden@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: C R A
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Verlinden
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, VU University Medical Centre and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: S E C M
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: van de Vijfeijken
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, VU University Medical Centre and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Tuinzing
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research and Medical Library, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Jansma
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Academic Medical Centre/Emma Children Hospital and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Becking
authors.affiliation: Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery, General Hospital St-Jan Bruges, Bruges, Belgium.
authors.forename: G R J
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Swennen
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible / Q000002:abnormalities*; D008336:Mandibular Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000145:classification
keywords: complicated; complication; distraction; distraction osteogenesis; failure; lengthening; mandible; mandibular hypoplasia; morbidity; orthognathic surgery; retrognathia; systematic review