title: The management of festoons.
abstract: The management of patients with festoons is a highly challenging undertaking with potential to drastically alter the appearance of those afflicted. Traditional teaching has focused on excision and tightening of the pathologic muscle with subsequent removal of excess skin. Recognition of the interactions between all subunits of the face has resulted in a recent shift in focus, with the new trend being techniques aimed at redraping the soft tissues with the intent of reproducing a more natural rejuvenation of the lower lid–cheek interface. Where direct excision techniques simply remove the deformed tissue, redraping techniques actually elevate the midface soft tissues and tighten the pathologically lax orbicularis muscle, thereby counteracting the downward descent associated with the aging process. The optimal treatment is as yet unclear but seems to be a combination of elevation of soft tissue, tightening of orbicularis muscle, and removal of excess skin and or muscle to properly address all the manifestations of this interesting process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Road Northwest, 1st Floor PHC Building, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Endara
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Road Northwest, 1st Floor PHC Building, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: DaVinci Plastic Surgery, 3101 New Mexico Avenue Northwest, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
authors.forename: Steven P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Davison
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Road Northwest, 1st Floor PHC Building, Washington, DC 20016, USA. Electronic address: Sbb6@gunet.georgetown.edu.
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods; D002610:Cheek / Q000601:surgery*; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D008022:Ligaments / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Aesthetic surgery; Facial aging; Festoons; Midface aging; Oculoplasty; Surgical procedures; Tired eyes