title: An old dog and new tricks: Genetic analysis of a Tudor dog recovered from the Mary Rose wreck.
abstract: The Tudor warship the Mary Rose sank in the Solent waters between Portsmouth and the Isle of Wight on the 19th of July 1545, whilst engaging a French invasion fleet. The ship was rediscovered in 1971 and between 1979 and 1982 the entire contents of the ship were excavated resulting in the recovery of over 25,000 objects, including the skeleton of a small to medium sized dog referred to as the Mary Rose Dog (MRD). Here we report the extraction and analysis of both mitochondrial and genomic DNA from a tooth of this animal. Our results show that the MRD was a young male of a terrier type most closely related to modern Jack Russell Terriers with a light to dark brown coat colour. Interestingly, given the antiquity of the sample, the dog was heterozygotic for the SLC2A9 gene variant that leads to hyperuricosuria when found in modern homozygotic animals. These findings help shed light on a notable historical artefact from an important period in the development of modern dog breeds.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, England, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: George D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Zouganelis
authors.affiliation: Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ogden
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, England, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Niru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nahar
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, England, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Runfola
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, England, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Maziar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonab
authors.affiliation: Department of Gene Technology, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
authors.forename: Arman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ardalan
authors.affiliation: King College London Dental Institute and University of Portsmouth, England, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Radford
authors.affiliation: Department of Archaeology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, England, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.affiliation: Department of Archaeology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, England, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Greger
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.affiliation: Mary Rose Trust, No 3 Dock, H.M Naval Base, Main Road, Portsmouth, England, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hildred
authors.affiliation: Mary Rose Trust, No 3 Dock, H.M Naval Base, Main Road, Portsmouth, England, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, England, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Garry.scarlett@port.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Garry
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scarlett
mesh_terms: D000059:Accidents; D000818:Animals; D000071298:Body Remains; D004247:DNA / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting / Q000662:veterinary*; D004285:Dogs / Q000235:genetics*; D051246:Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative / Q000235:genetics; D049691:History, Medieval; D006720:Homozygote; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012767:Ships
chemical_list: D051246:Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative; D004247:DNA
keywords: Ancient DNA; Canine coat colour; Mary Rose; SLC2A9; Terrier breed