title: Arthritogenic alphaviruses: new insights into arthritis and bone pathology.
abstract: Arthritogenic alphaviral infection begins as a febrile illness and often progresses to joint pain and rheumatic symptoms that are described as polyarthritis. Alphaviral arthritis and classical arthritides share many similar cellular and immune mediators involved in their pathogenesis. Recent in vitro and in vivo evidence suggests that bone loss resulting from increased expression of bone resorption mediators may accompany alphaviral infection. In addition, several longitudinal studies have reported more severe and delayed recovery of alphaviral disease in patients with pre-existing arthritic conditions. This review aims to provide insights into alphavirus-induced bone loss and focuses on aspects of disease exacerbation in patients with underlying arthritis and on possible therapeutic targets.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
authors.forename: Weiqiang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
authors.forename: Suan-Sin
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Foo
authors.affiliation: St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia.
authors.forename: Natalie A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Sims
authors.affiliation: Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
authors.forename: Lara J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Herrero
authors.affiliation: St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia.
authors.forename: Nicole C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.affiliation: Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia. Electronic address: s.mahalingam@griffith.edu.au.
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahalingam
mesh_terms: D000524:Alphavirus / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D001170:Arthritis, Infectious / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology*; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B / Q000276:immunology; D012307:Risk Factors; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D020381:Interleukin-17; D015850:Interleukin-6; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; C505686:TNFRSF11A protein, human
keywords: Ross River virus; alphavirus; arthritis; bone loss; chikungunya virus; inflammation