title: A practical introduction to the hemodynamic analysis of the cardiovascular system with 4D Flow MRI.
abstract: The 4D Flow MRI technique provides a three-dimensional representation of blood flow over time, making it possible to evaluate the hemodynamics of the cardiovascular system both qualitatively and quantitatively. In this article, we describe the application of the 4D Flow technique in a 3T scanner; in addition to the technical parameters, we discuss the advantages and limitations of the technique and its possible clinical applications. We used 4D Flow MRI to study different body areas (chest, abdomen, neck, and head) in 10 volunteers. We obtained 3D representations of the patterns of flow and quantitative hemodynamic measurements. The technique makes it possible to evaluate the pattern of blood flow in large and midsize vessels without the need for exogenous contrast agents.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación, Instituto de Alta Tecnología Médica (IATM), Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia. Electronic address: julian.pineda21@gmail.com.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pineda Zapata
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación, Instituto de Alta Tecnología Médica (IATM), Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Delgado de Bedout
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación, Instituto de Alta Tecnología Médica (IATM), Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rascovsky Ramírez
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación, Instituto de Alta Tecnología Médica (IATM), Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bustamante
authors.affiliation: Universidad CES, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mesa
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación, Instituto de Alta Tecnología Médica (IATM), Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia.
authors.forename: V D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Calvo Betancur
mesh_terms: D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*
keywords: 4D Flow; Angiografía con contraste de fase; Blood flow; Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging; Flujo sanguíneo; Hemodinámica; Hemodynamics; Phase contrast angiography; Resonancia magnética cardiovascular