title: Macrocyclic-, polycyclic-, and nitro musks in cosmetics, household commodities and indoor dusts collected from Japan: implications for their human exposure.
abstract: This paper reported the occurrence and concentrations of macrocyclic-, polycyclic- and nitro musks in cosmetics and household commodities collected from Japan. The high concentrations and detection frequencies of Musk T, habanolide, and exaltolides were found in commercial products, suggesting their large amounts of production and usage in Japan. Polycyclic musks, HHCB and OTNE, also showed high concentrations in cosmetics and products. The estimated dairy intakes of Musk T and HHCB by the dermal exposure to commercial products were 7.8 and 7.9 μg/kg/day in human, respectively, and perfume and body lotion are dominant exposure sources. We also analyzed synthetic musks in house dusts. Polycyclic musks, HHCB and OTNE, showed high concentrations in samples, but macrocyclic musks were detected only in a few samples, although these types of musks were highly detected in commercial products. This is probably due to easy-degradation of macrocyclic musks in indoor environment. The dairy intakes of HHCB by dust ingestions were 0.22 ng/kg/day in human, which were approximately five orders of magnitudes lower than those of dermal absorption from commercial household commodities.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan. Electronic address: nakata@sci.kumamoto-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Haruhiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan.
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hinosaka
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan.
authors.forename: Hayato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yanagimoto
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000737:chemistry*; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D004988:Ethers, Cyclic / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D047028:Macrocyclic Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010476:Perfume / Q000737:chemistry; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012869:Skin Absorption
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics; D004391:Dust; D004988:Ethers, Cyclic; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D047028:Macrocyclic Compounds; D009574:Nitro Compounds; C534930:OTNE compound; D010476:Perfume; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds; C008563:musk; C519611:ethylene brassylate
keywords: Cosmetics; Household commodities; Human exposure; Indoor dusts; Macrocyclic musks; Musk-T