title: The effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum lipids in postmenopausal women with diabetes: A randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dyslipidemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease that has become an increasing public health problem. Dyslipidemia is especially relevant in vulnerable populations such as postmenopausal women. Low serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D have been associated with an unfavourable lipid profile. Due to contradictory findings from intervention trials, we investigated the effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum lipids in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 104 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned in a double-blind manner to 1 of 2 groups taking a daily tablet for 6 months: a group consuming 4000 IU tablets of a vitamin D supplement (vitamin D group n = 52) or a group consuming placebo tablets (placebo group n = 52).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study was completed by 99 participants. However, as the analysis was based on an intention-to-treat approach, all 104 women were included in the final analysis. In the vitamin D group mean serum levels of 25(OH)D3 improved significantly at the end of the follow-up period (+25.5 nmol/L; P = <0.001). Our findings revealed no significant changes in low density lipoproteins, high density lipoproteins and total cholesterol concentrations, but did identify a greater decrease in serum triglycerides in the vitamin D group. The average effect of supplementation on the treated group was -34.24 mg/dL (P = 0.021), while the average treatment effect was -31.8 mg/dL (P = 0.023).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that supplementation with vitamin D (4000 IU/d) may have a beneficial effect on serum triglyceride levels without otherwise affecting levels of other lipids.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  clinicaltrial.gov; identifier NCT01019642.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: Paloma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Aguirre
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Electronic address: nmacias@insp.mx.
authors.forename: Nayeli
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Macias
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: Amado D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Quezada
authors.affiliation: Área Académica de Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico; Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Denova-Gutiérrez
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Cuernavaca, Mexico; Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salmerón
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D014807:Vitamin D; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Postmenopausal women; Serum lipids; Vitamin D supplementation