title: Nonintubated uniportal thoracoscopic surgery for peripheral lung nodules.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has recently been introduced for various thoracic diseases. However, management of peripheral lung nodules by uniportal VATS without tracheal intubation has rarely been attempted. We evaluated the feasibility and safety of nonintubated uniportal VATS for peripheral lung nodules.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January to March 2014, 32 patients with indeterminate peripheral lung nodules underwent uniportal VATS without tracheal intubation using a combination of intercostal nerve block, intrathoracic vagal block, and target-controlled sedation. Computed tomography-guided dye localization was sometimes used to identify small or ground-glass opacity lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A definite diagnosis was obtained in all 32 patients. A wedge resection was performed in 31 patients and a lobectomy in 1. Conversion to nonintubated multiport VATS was required in 4 patients (13%), in 3 because of primary lung cancer requiring further resection for adequacy of margins and in 1 because of difficulty in identifying a small nodule. Conversion to intubated 1-lung ventilation was required in 1 patient (3%) because of vigorous mediastinal movement. Operative complications developed in 2 patients who had air leaks for more than 3 days postoperatively. The median durations of postoperative chest tube drainage and hospital stay were 1 and 3 days, respectively. Postoperative neuralgia that required occasional use of analgesics occurred in only 1 patient (3%), and 97% of patients were very satisfied or satisfied with the resulting scars at 1 month.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nonintubated uniportal VATS is technically feasible and safe for selected patients and is a less invasive alternative in managing indeterminate peripheral lung nodules.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Hui
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ya-Jung
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuang-Cheng
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Su-Chuan
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ke-Cheng
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: ntuhsu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hsao-Hsun
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Traumatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jin-Shing
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055613:Multiple Pulmonary Nodules / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome