title: Xenopus laevis FGF receptor substrate 3 (XFrs3) is important for eye development and mediates Pax6 expression in lens placode through its Shp2-binding sites.
abstract: Members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family play important roles during various developmental processes including eye development. FRS (FGF receptor substrate) proteins bind to FGFR and serve as adapters for coordinated assembly of multi-protein complexes involved in Ras/MAPK and PI3 kinase/Akt pathways. Here, we identified Xenopus laevis Frs3 (XFrs3), a homolog of vertebrate Frs3, and investigated its roles during embryogenesis. XFrs3 is expressed maternally and zygotically with specific expression patterns throughout the early development. Knockdown of XFrs3 using a specific antisense morpholino oligonucleotide (MO) caused reduction of Pax6 expression in the lens placode, and defects in the eye ranging from microphthalmia to anophthalmia. XFrs3 MO-induced defects were alleviated by wild type XFrs3 or a mutant XFrs3 (XFrs3-4YF), in which the putative tyrosine phosphorylation sites served as Grb2-binding sites are mutated. However, another XFrs3 mutant (XFrs3-2YF), in which the putative Shp2-binding sites are mutated, could not rescue the defects of XFrs3 morphants. In addition, we found that XFrs3 is important for FGF or IGF-induced ERK activation in ectodermal tissue. Taken together, our results suggest that signaling through Shp2-binding sites of XFrs3 is necessary for the eye development in Xenopus laevis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science and Global Top5 Research Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science and Global Top5 Research Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Minjin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Hwan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jee-Yoon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Changwon National University, Changwon 614-773, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seon-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Cheong
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bong-Gun
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: wskim@sogang.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Won-Sun
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science and Global Top5 Research Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: cyeo@ewha.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Chang-Yeol
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Yeo
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000196:embryology*; D009154:Mutation; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011485:Protein Binding; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11 / Q000378:metabolism*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000737:chemistry; D029867:Xenopus Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000196:embryology*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D005136:Eye Proteins; C000595089:FRS3 protein, Xenopus; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D014443:Tyrosine; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11
keywords: Eye development; FGF; Frs3; Lens placode; Pax6; Shp2; Xenopus