title: Cardiovascular remodeling relates to elevated childhood blood pressure: Beijing Blood Pressure Cohort Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are few studies investigating the long-term association between childhood blood pressure (BP) and adult cardiovascular remodeling. We seek to examine the effect of elevated childhood BP on cardiovascular remodeling in early or middle adulthood.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the "Beijing BP Cohort Study", where 1259 subjects aged 6-18 years old were followed over 24 years from childhood (1987) to early or middle adulthood (2011). Anthropometric measures and BP were obtained at baseline and follow-up examinations. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were measured to assess cardiovascular remodeling in early or middle adulthood. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for cardiovascular remodeling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  82 out of 384 children with elevated BP (21.4%) had adult hypertension. Compared to those with normal BP, children with elevated BP were at 2.1 times (95% CI: 1.4-3.1) likely to develop hypertension in early or middle adulthood. Compared to those with normal BP, children with elevated BP were at higher OR of developing high cfPWV (OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.3-2.4), high cIMT (1.4, 1.0-1.9), or high LVMI (1.4, 1.0-1.9) in early or middle adulthood. The ORs for remodeling (for any measures) were 1.4 (0.9-2.0) in early adulthood for children age 6-11 years, and 1.6 (1.1-2.4) in middle adulthood for those aged 12-18 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with elevated BP from 6 years old have accelerated remodeling on both cardiac and arterial system in early or middle adulthood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China; School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Yajun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Dongqing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Drake University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Des Moines, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaoyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China; National Center for Public Health Surveillance and Information Services, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yuehua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre, London, UK.
authors.forename: Benyu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Junting
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xinying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yinkun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre, London, UK. Electronic address: phil.chowienczyk@kcl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Chowienczyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China. Electronic address: jiemi@vip.163.com.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Blood pressure; Carotid intima-media thickness; Left ventricular mass index; Longitudinal cohort; Pulse wave velocity