title: Effect of stride length on overarm throwing delivery: A linear momentum response.
abstract: Changing stride length during overhand throwing delivery is thought to alter total body and throwing arm linear momentums, thereby altering the proportion of throwing arm momentum relative to the total body. Using a randomized cross-over design, nineteen pitchers (15 collegiate and 4 high school) were assigned to pitch two simulated 80-pitch games at ±25% of their desired stride length. An 8-camera motion capture system (240Hz) integrated with two force plates (960Hz) and radar gun tracked each throw. Segmental linear momentums in each plane of motion were summed yielding throwing arm and total body momentums, from which compensation ratio's (relative contribution between the two) were derived. Pairwise comparisons at hallmark events and phases identified significantly different linear momentum profiles, in particular, anteriorly directed total body, throwing arm, and momentum compensation ratios (P⩽.05) as a result of manipulating stride length. Pitchers with shorter strides generated lower forward (anterior) momentum before stride foot contact, whereas greater upward and lateral momentum (toward third base) were evident during the acceleration phase. The evidence suggests insufficient total body momentum in the intended throwing direction may potentially influence performance (velocity and accuracy) and perhaps precipitate throwing arm injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Professions Education, D'Youville College, Buffalo, NY 14201, United States; Department of Exercise Science, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Dan K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Ramsey
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Science, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States. Electronic address: rlcrotin@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ryan L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Crotin
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Science, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000465:Algorithms; D000886:Anthropometry; D001484:Baseball / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001827:Body Height; D002138:Calibration; D003198:Computer Simulation; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Baseball; Biomechanics; Linear momentum; Pitching mechanics; Stride length