title: The constellation of dietary factors in adolescent acne: a semantic connectivity map approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Different lifestyle and dietetic factors have been linked with the onset and severity of acne.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the complex interconnection between dietetic variables and acne.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a reanalysis of data from a case-control study by using a semantic connectivity map approach. 563 subjects, aged 10-24 years, involved in a case-control study of acne between March 2009 and February 2010, were considered in this study. The analysis evaluated the link between a moderate to severe acne and anthropometric variables, family history and dietetic factors. Analyses were conducted by relying on an artificial adaptive system, the Auto Semantic Connectivity Map (AutoCM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The AutoCM map showed that moderate-severe acne was closely associated with family history of acne in first degree relatives, obesity (BMI ≥ 30), and high consumption of milk, in particular skim milk, cheese/yogurt, sweets/cakes, chocolate, and a low consumption of fish, and limited intake of fruits/vegetables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our analyses confirm the link between several dietetic items and acne. When providing care, dermatologists should also be aware of the complex interconnection between dietetic factors and acne.
authors.affiliation: Scientific Advisor, Bracco Foundation, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grossi
authors.affiliation: Centro Studi GISED - FROM, Bergamo, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cazzaniga
authors.affiliation: Centro Studi GISED - FROM, Bergamo, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crotti
authors.affiliation: Centro Studi GISED - FROM, Bergamo, Italy.|Department of Dermatology, Azienda Ospedaliera papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3160-2835
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Naldi
authors.affiliation: Centro Studi GISED - FROM, Bergamo, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Landro
authors.affiliation: Military Hospital Center, Taranto, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ingordo
authors.affiliation: Dermatology Unit, G. Rummo Hospital, Benevento, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cusano
authors.affiliation: Dermatology Clinic, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Atzori
authors.affiliation: Dermatology Clinic, University Hospital, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tripodi Cutrì
authors.affiliation: Dermatology Clinic, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Musumeci
authors.affiliation: Dermatology Unit, Istituti Ospitalieri Hospital, Cremona, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pezzarossa
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bettoli
authors.affiliation: I Dermatology Clinic ASF - S.O.S. Cutaneous Immunopathology and Rare Dermatological Diseases, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caproni
authors.affiliation: Dermatology Unit, S. Maria Nuova Hospital, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonci
mesh_terms: D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D004032:Diet; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D012660:Semantics; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult