title: Acute stroke symptoms: do differences exist between sexes?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have reported that women with stroke often present different stroke symptoms than men. The aim of our study was to assess for the relevance of these differences from a large case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients admitted to the Stroke Unit at the University of Perugia, with acute stroke or transient ischemic attack between 1 June, 2005, and May 2012, and recorded in Perugia Stroke Registry were prospectively included. Associations between the recorded symptoms and sex were assessed by preliminary cross-tabulations with the Chi-square test or Fisher exact test with Yate correction when appropriate. Multivariable regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of a single symptom including sex as an independent variable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 1072 men and 811 women were included in this study. Women had a higher average age at onset (75.40 ± 12.90 years in women and 70.14 ± 12.61 years in men) and presented more severe strokes with higher National Institute of Health Stroke Scale scores than men, whereas men were more likely to have a posterior stroke.Regarding symptoms, multivariate analysis revealed correlations between postural instability and male sex and between dysphagia and female sex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no differences in the clinical presentation of stroke between the sexes, except that men were more likely to have postural instability and females were more likely to have dysphagia. These findings suggest that stroke locations and stroke severity were associated with sex.
authors.affiliation: Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy. Electronic address: macun77@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Acciarresi
authors.affiliation: Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Pierpaolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Luca
authors.affiliation: Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Caso
authors.affiliation: Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Agnelli
authors.affiliation: Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Cataldo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: D'Amore
authors.affiliation: Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alberti
authors.affiliation: Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Venti
authors.affiliation: Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paciaroni
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D004856:Postural Balance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Epidemiology; risk factors; sex; stroke; stroke subtypes; symptoms