title: Development of water quality criteria for phenanthrene and  comparison of the sensitivity between native and non-native species.
abstract: Phenanthrene (PHE) is a priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) which is toxic to aquatic organisms.However, there has been no paper dealing with water quality criteria (WQC) of PHE due to the shortage of toxicity data of different taxonomic levels. In the present study, toxicity data were obtained from 8 acute toxicity tests and 3 chronic toxicity tests using 8 Chinese native aquatic species from different taxonomic levels, and the water quality criteria was derived using 3 methods. Furthermore, differences of species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) between native and non-native species were compared. A criterion maximum concentration of 0.0514 mg/L and a criterion continuous concentration of 0.0186 mg/L were developed according to the US EPA guidelines. Finally, by using risk quotient (RQ) to assess the site-specific ecological risk in Liao River, the results indicated that the PHE might pose no risk to local aquatic species.
authors.affiliation: College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
authors.forename: Jiang-Yue
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Zhen-Guang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Zheng-Tao
authors.initials: ZT
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ji-dong
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Xiao-Nan
authors.initials: XN
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wei-Li
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D059001:Aquatic Organisms; D004463:Ecology; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards / Q000633:toxicity; D045483:Rivers; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards / Q000633:toxicity; D060753:Water Quality / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D010616:Phenanthrenes; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C031181:phenanthrene