title: Cancer-like epigenetic derangements of human pluripotent stem cells and their impact on applications in regeneration and repair.
abstract: A growing body of work has raised concern that many human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lines possess tumorigenic potential following differentiation to clinically relevant lineages. In this review, we highlight recent work characterizing the spectrum of cancer-like epigenetic derangements in human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) that are associated with reprogramming errors or prolonged culture that may contribute to such tumorigenicity. These aberrations include cancer-like promoter DNA hypermethylation and histone marks associated with pluripotency, as well as aberrant X-chromosome regulation. We also feature recent work that suggests optimized high-fidelity reprogramming derivation methods can minimize cancer-associated epigenetic aberrations in hPSC, and thus ultimately improve the ultimate clinical utility of hiPSC in regenerative medicine.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Baylin
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Electronic address: ezambid1@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Elias T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Zambidis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D057890:Epigenomics; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D044968:Regenerative Medicine; D014945:Wound Healing