title: Maternal lead exposure and risk of congenital heart defects occurrence in offspring.
abstract: Maternal lead exposure may be harmful to fetal development. However, sufficient evidence was lacked about the risk on cardiac development in offspring. To explore the association between maternal lead exposure and risks of congenital heart defects (CHDs) occurrence in fetuses, a case-control study was adopted during pregnant women making antenatal examinations. The maternal hair lead levels were measured by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR). Three hundred and sixteen cases and 348 controls were eligible to the study. The median level of lead in maternal hair of case (0.670ng/mg) was significantly higher (AOR 3.07, 95% CI 2.00-4.72) than that of the control (0.461ng/mg), including the CHD cases with or without extracardiac malformations (AOR 3.55, 2.94, respectively). Maternal lead exposure is associated with the risk of some subtypes of CHDs occurrence in offspring. The potential dose-response relationship is also presented.
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Birth Defects Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Nutrition and Health, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Birth Defects Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Nutrition and Health, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Aimin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Nutrition and Health, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Mingdao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Nana
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518028, China.
authors.forename: Shengli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujian provincial Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Fuzhou 350005, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Hubei provincial Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Wuhan 430071, China.
authors.forename: Xinlin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Nutrition and Health, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. Electronic address: fwang@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Fudi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Birth Defects Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China. Electronic address: zhujun028@163.com.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012306:Risk; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007854:Lead
keywords: Biomarker.; Birth defects; Cardiac development; Congenital heart defect; Embryo toxicity; Lead exposure