title: Applicability of various estimation formulas to assess renal function in Chinese children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was to evaluate the relative applicability of the most commonly used estimation formulas for renal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of Chinese children with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred CKD patients of less than 17 years old were divided into two groups by sex which was further categorized into five subgroups based on CKD staging according to the "reference" GFR (rGFR) determined by Tc-99m-DTPA renal dynamic imaging. Four GFR markers including serum cystatin C (CysC), β2-microglobulin, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among all four markers, CysC best reflected the extent of glomerular damages for CKD stage 1. The value for estimation of GFR (eGFR) was derived from five different formulas either over-estimated or underestimated GFR as referenced to rGFR, and the extent of deviations was dependent on gender, age and CKD stage. The Counahan-Barratt formula and the Schwartz formula gave the most accurate estimations of GFR for CKD stages 1 and 2-3, respectively regardless of gender and age differences. Receiver operating characteristic analyses indicated that the Counahan-Barratt formula has the highest diagnostic accuracy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Counahan-Barratt formula provides the best approximation to rGFR, thereby the highest applicability to Chinese children with CKD of different genders, ages and CKD stages.
authors.affiliation: , Shenyang, China. ydu_cmu@163.com.|Pediatric Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China. ydu_cmu@163.com.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: , Shenyang, China.|Pediatric Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China.
authors.forename: Ting-Ting
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: , Shenyang, China.|Pediatric Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: , Shenyang, China.|Pediatric Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Jie
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: , Shenyang, China.|Pediatric Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China.
authors.forename: Xiu-Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: , Shenyang, China.|Pediatric Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Bin
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D011866:Radioisotope Renography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D016284:Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D055316:Cystatin C; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin; D003404:Creatinine; D016284:Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate
keywords: Counahan-Barratt formula; Schwartz formula; chronic kidney disease; cystatin C; renal glomerular filtration rate