title: Comparison of risk and predictors for early radiation pneumonitis in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with radiotherapy with or without surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate risk and predictors for radiation pneumonitis (RP) and tolerance of lung to radiation in patients treated with thoracic radiotherapy (RT) with or without surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 433 consecutive patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer were followed after three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. Among them 284 received RT without surgical intervention and 149 received postoperative radiotherapy (PORT). RP was graded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of grade ≥ 2 and grade ≥ 3 RP was 50 and 16% in the PORT group compared with 38 and 9% in the non-surgical group (p < 0.05 for each comparison). The lung volume was significantly smaller in PORT group than in no-surgical group (3181 ± 915 cm(3) vs. 4010 ± 1120 cm(3), p<0.05). Age, chemotherapy, mean lung dose (MLD) and planning target volume (PTV) were predictors of RP for both non-surgical group and PORT group. Mean heart dose (MHD) predicted RP in PORT group only (OR = 1.28, p = 0.003). Among patients who developed RP, V20, MLD, and MHD were significantly lower in PORT group than in no-surgical group (p < 0.05 for each comparison).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Except MHD predicting RP in PORT group only, most of predictors for RP were consistent in patients treated with RT with or without surgery. Patients receiving PORT had a higher risk of RP than patients receiving RT without surgery did, possibly due to decreased lung volume and lower tolerance of lung to chemoradiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China. Electronic address: gl1963516@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000009:adverse effects; D011379:Prognosis; D017564:Radiation Pneumonitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018570:Risk Assessment
keywords: Chemotherapy; Locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer; Postoperative radiotherapy; Predictor; Radiation pneumonitis; Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy