title: Immune responses of phenoloxidase and superoxide dismutase in the manila clam Venerupis philippinarum challenged with Vibrio tapetis--Part I: Spatio-temporal evolution of enzymes' activities post-infection.
abstract: Manila clams, Venerupis philippinarum (Adams and Reeve, 1850), were experimentally challenged with two Vibrio tapetis strains: CECT4600T, the causative agent of Brown Ring Disease (BRD); and LP2 supposedly non-pathogenic in V. philippinarum. Changes in phenoloxidase (PO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), two major enzymes involved in immunity, were studied in two tissues, the mantle and hemolymph for 30 days after infection in the extrapallial cavity. Bacterial infection in V. philippinarum resulted in modulation of PO and SOD activities that was both tissue- and time-dependent. A response at early times was detected in the mantle and was associated with significant increases in PO and SOD activities in LP2- and CECT4600T-challenged clams 36 h post injection. This first response in the mantle could be explained by the proximity to the injection region (extrapallial cavity). In the hemolymph the response occurred at later times and was associated with an increase in PO activity and a decrease in SOD activity. As hemolymph is a circulating fluid, this response delay could be due to an "integration time" needed by the organism to counteract the infection. Injections also impacted PO and SOD activities in both tissues and confirmed a difference in pathogenicity between the two V. tapetis strains.
authors.affiliation: UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France. Electronic address: cedric_lebris@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Cédric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Le Bris
authors.affiliation: UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: Gaëlle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.affiliation: UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paillard
authors.affiliation: UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.affiliation: UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Ifremer, Laboratoire de Physiologie des Invertébrés, Technopôle Brest-Iroise BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seguineau
authors.affiliation: UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.affiliation: UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Ifremer, Laboratoire de Physiologie des Invertébrés, Technopôle Brest-Iroise BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pernet
authors.affiliation: UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guérard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000276:immunology; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000276:immunology*; D009842:Oligopeptides; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014733:Vibrio / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D009842:Oligopeptides; C089492:glycyl-histidyl-seryl-leucyl-leucyl-histidyl-phenylalaninamide; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Immunity; Phenoloxidase; Superoxide dismutase; Venerupis philippinarum; Vibrio tapetis