title: Preclinical systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: Preclinical lupus encompasses a spectrum from enhanced SLE risk without clinical symptoms to individuals with autoantibodies and some SLE clinical features without meeting ACR classification. Studies have identified antibody and serological biomarkers years before disease onset. Incomplete lupus and undifferentiated connective tissue disease may occur during preclinical disease periods, but only 10-20% of these individuals transition to SLE and many have a mild disease course. Further studies are warranted to characterize biomarkers of early disease, identify individuals in need of close monitoring or preventive interventions, and elucidate mechanisms of disease pathogenesis without confounding factors of immunosuppressive medications or organ damage.
authors.affiliation: Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 Northeast 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
authors.forename: Julie M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.affiliation: Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 Northeast 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 N. Phillips Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 N. Phillips Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Oklahoma Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1000 N. Lincoln Boulevard, Suite 2100, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA. Electronic address: Judith-James@omrf.org.
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: James
mesh_terms: D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin / Q000276:immunology*; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000276:immunology*; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D003240:Connective Tissue Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D001323:Autoantibodies
keywords: Autoantibodies; Incomplete lupus; Lupus; Preclinical autoimmunity; SLE