title: Chronic liver disease in the human immunodeficiency virus patient.
abstract: There are an estimated 40 million HIV infected individuals worldwide, with chronic liver disease being the 2nd leading cause of mortality in this population. Elevated liver functions are commonly noted in HIV patients and the etiologies are varied. Viral hepatitis B and C, fatty liver and drug induced liver injury are more common. Treatment options for viral hepatitis C are rapidly evolving and are promising, but treatments are limited for the other conditions and is primarily supportive. Opportunistic infections of the liver are now uncommon. Irrespective of etiology, management requires referral to specialized centers and with due diligence mortality can be reduced.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
authors.forename: Chathur
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Acharya
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
authors.forename: Narayan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dharel
authors.affiliation: Section of Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Division of Infectious Disease, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA. Electronic address: rksterli@vcu.edu.
authors.forename: Richard K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sterling
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects*; D056487:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D002908:Chronic Disease; D060085:Coinfection; D018450:Disease Progression; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
keywords: Drug-induced liver injury; Fatty liver; Hepatitis; Highly active antiretroviral therapy; Metabolic syndrome; Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; Opportunistic infections