title: The role of the early-life environment in the development of allergic disease.
abstract: A consensus has been reached that the development of allergic disorders is strongly influenced by early life exposures. An overview of several prenatal and early life factors that have been investigated for their associations with development of childhood allergy is presented. Delivery mode, the gut microbiome, vitamin D, folate, breastfeeding, pets, antibiotics, environmental tobacco smoke, and airborne traffic pollutants are discussed. Although many studies suggest an effect, overall, no risk factors clearly increase or reduce the risk of allergic outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA. Electronic address: gwegien1@hfhs.org.
authors.forename: Ganesa
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wegienka
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zoratti
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Christine Cole
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000276:immunology; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004777:Environment; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D064307:Microbiota / Q000276:immunology; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: Allergy; Asthma; Atopic dermatitis; Eczema; IgE; Prenatal