title: Rural-urban area of residence and trajectories of children׳s behavior in England.
abstract: Despite extensive studies of neighborhood effects on children׳s outcomes, there is little evidence on rural-urban impacts on child mental health. We modeled trajectories of emotional-behavioral problems of white majority children at ages 3, 5, and 7 in England in areas with varying levels of rural and urban settlement, using the Millennium Cohort Study. After adjusting for area selection, children in less sparse rural areas had fewer conduct and peer problems, and children in areas with a mix of rural and urban settlement had fewer emotional symptoms, explained by the quality of their schools. Area differences remained in emotional problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Human Development, Institute of Education, 25 Woburn Square, WC1H 0AA, UK. Electronic address: e.midouhas@ioe.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Midouhas
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, Old Building, Houghton Street, WC2A 2AE, UK. Electronic address: l.platt@lse.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Lucinda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Platt
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D000066553:Problem Behavior; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012424:Rural Population; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population
keywords: Child behavior; Millennium Cohort Study; Neighborhoods; Rural; Urban