title: Projecting future air pollution-related mortality under a changing climate: progress, uncertainties and research needs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Climate change may affect mortality associated with air pollutants, especially for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3). Projection studies of such kind involve complicated modelling approaches with uncertainties.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We conducted a systematic review of researches and methods for projecting future PM2.5-/O3-related mortality to identify the uncertainties and optimal approaches for handling uncertainty.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search was conducted in October 2013, using the electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, and Web of Science. The search was limited to peer-reviewed journal articles published in English from January 1980 to September 2013.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fifteen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Most studies reported that an increase of climate change-induced PM2.5 and O3 may result in an increase in mortality. However, little research has been conducted in developing countries with high emissions and dense populations. Additionally, health effects induced by PM2.5 may dominate compared to those caused by O3, but projection studies of PM2.5-related mortality are fewer than those of O3-related mortality. There is a considerable variation in approaches of scenario-based projection researches, which makes it difficult to compare results. Multiple scenarios, models and downscaling methods have been used to reduce uncertainties. However, few studies have discussed what the main source of uncertainties is and which uncertainty could be most effectively reduced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Projecting air pollution-related mortality requires a systematic consideration of assumptions and uncertainties, which will significantly aid policymakers in efforts to manage potential impacts of PM2.5 and O3 on mortality in the context of climate change.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, 10 Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia. Electronic address: lina.madaniyazi@student.qut.edu.au.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Madaniyazi
authors.affiliation: School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Herston QLD 4006, Australia. Electronic address: y.guo1@uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Yuming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Herston QLD 4006, Australia. Electronic address: w.yu@uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia. Electronic address: s.tong@qut.edu.au.
authors.forename: Shilu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tong
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D057231:Climate Change; D006801:Humans; D010126:Ozone / Q000009:adverse effects; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D010126:Ozone
keywords: Air pollutants; Climate change; Mortality; Projection