title: Chemokines in tuberculosis: the good, the bad and the ugly.
abstract: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infects about one-third of the world's population, with a majority of infected individuals exhibiting latent asymptomatic infection, while 5-10% of infected individuals progress to active pulmonary disease. Research in the past two decades has elucidated critical host immune mechanisms that mediate Mtb control. Among these, chemokines have been associated with numerous key processes that lead to Mtb containment, from recruitment of myeloid cells into the lung to activation of adaptive immunity, formation of protective granulomas and vaccine recall responses. However, imbalances in several key chemokine mediators can alter the delicate balance of cytokines and cellular responses that promote mycobacterial containment, instead precipitating terminal tissue destruction and spread of Mtb infection. In this review, we will describe recent insights in the involvement of chemokines in host responses to Mtb infection and Mtb containment (the good), chemokines contributing to inflammation during TB (the bad), and the role of chemokines in driving cavitation and lung pathology (the ugly).
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
authors.forename: Leticia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Monin
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Electronic address: khader@wustl.edu.
authors.forename: Shabaana A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Khader
mesh_terms: D018925:Chemokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D055985:Latent Tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology*; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D058408:Th1-Th2 Balance; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines
keywords: Chemokines; Lung; Mycobacterial infections