title: Influence of music on performance and psychophysiological responses during moderate-intensity exercise preceded by fatigue.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the effects of listening to music on time to exhaustion and psychophysiological responses during moderate-intensity exercise performed in fatigued and non-fatigued conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen healthy men performed moderate-intensity exercise (60% Wmax) until exhaustion under four different conditions: with and without pre-fatigue (induced by 100 drop jumps) and listening and not listening to music.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Time to exhaustion was lower in the fatigued than the non-fatigued condition regardless listening to music. Similarly, RPE was higher in the fatigued than the non-fatigued condition, but music had no effect. On the other hand, listening to music decreased the associative thoughts regardless of fatigue status. Heart rate was not influenced by any treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that listening to music changes attentional focus but is not able to reverse fatigue-derived alteration of performance.
authors.affiliation: Sport Science Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco, Alto do Reservatório Street, Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco 55608-680, Brazil. Electronic address: lopesilva@usp.br.
authors.forename: Joao P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lopes-Silva
authors.affiliation: Sport Science Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco, Alto do Reservatório Street, Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco 55608-680, Brazil. Electronic address: adrianosilva@usp.br.
authors.forename: Adriano E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Lima-Silva
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education and Sport (GEDAE-USP), University of São Paulo, Mello de Moraes street, 65, Butanta, São Paulo 05508900, Brazil. Electronic address: bertuzzi@usp.br.
authors.forename: Romulo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bertuzzi
authors.affiliation: Sport Science Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco, Alto do Reservatório Street, Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco 55608-680, Brazil; School of Physical Education and Sport (GEDAE-USP), University of São Paulo, Mello de Moraes street, 65, Butanta, São Paulo 05508900, Brazil. Electronic address: cavalcantemds@usp.br.
authors.forename: Marcos D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Silva-Cavalcante
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D001288:Attention; D001307:Auditory Perception; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005221:Fatigue / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology; D009146:Music; D010465:Perception; D013850:Thinking; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Associative thoughts; Listening to music; Perceived exertion; Time to exhaustion