title: Spatial regulation of controlled bioactive factor delivery for bone tissue engineering.
abstract: Limitations of current treatment options for critical size bone defects create a significant clinical need for tissue engineered bone strategies. This review describes how control over the spatiotemporal delivery of growth factors, nucleic acids, and drugs and small molecules may aid in recapitulating signals present in bone development and healing, regenerating interfaces of bone with other connective tissues, and enhancing vascularization of tissue engineered bone. State-of-the-art technologies used to create spatially controlled patterns of bioactive factors on the surfaces of materials, to build up 3D materials with patterns of signal presentation within their bulk, and to pattern bioactive factor delivery after scaffold fabrication are presented, highlighting their applications in bone tissue engineering. As these techniques improve in areas such as spatial resolution and speed of patterning, they will continue to grow in value as model systems for understanding cell responses to spatially regulated bioactive factor signal presentation in vitro, and as strategies to investigate the capacity of the defined spatial arrangement of these signals to drive bone regeneration in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Julia E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Samorezov
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Division of General Medical Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. Electronic address: eben.alsberg@case.edu.
authors.forename: Eben
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alsberg
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000601:surgery*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
keywords: Biomaterials patterning; Bone regeneration; Drug delivery; Spatial regulation; Temporal regulation