title: Jasmonic acid enhancement of anthocyanin accumulation is dependent on phytochrome A signaling pathway under far-red light in Arabidopsis.
abstract: Anthocyanins are critical for plants. It is shown that the expression of genes encoding the key enzymes such as dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), UDP-Glc: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UF3GT), and leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (LDOX) in anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway is regulated by MYB75, a R2R3 MYB transcription factor. The production of anthocyanin is known to be promoted by jasmonic acid (JA) in light but not in darkness. The photoreceptors cryptochrome 1 (CRY1), phytochrome B (phyB), and phytochrome A (phyA) are also shown to mediate light promotion of anthocyanin accumulation, respectively, whereas their downstream factor COP1, a master negative regulator of photomorphogensis, represses anthocyanin accumulation. However, whether JA coordinates with photoreceptors in the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation is unknown. Here, we show that under far-red light, JA promotes anthocyanin accumulation in a phyA signaling pathway-dependent manner. The phyA mutant is hyposensitive to jasmonic acid analog methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA) under far-red light. The dominant mutant of MYB75, pap1-D, accumulates significantly higher levels of anthocyanin than wild type under far-red light, whereas knockdown of MYBs (MYB75, MYB90, MYB113, and MYB114) through RNAi significantly reduces MeJA promotion of anthocyanin accumulation. The phyA pap1-D double mutant shows reduced responsiveness to MeJA, similar to phyA mutant under far-red light. In darkness, a mutant allele of cop1, cop1-4, shows enhanced responsiveness to MeJA, but pap1-D mutant is barely responsive to MeJA. Upon MeJA application, the cop1-4 pap1-D double mutant accumulates considerably higher levels of anthocyanin than cop1-4 in darkness. Protein studies indicate that MYB75 protein is stabilized by white light and far-red light. Further gene expression studies suggest that MeJA promotes the expression of DFR, UF3GT, and LDOX genes in a phyA- and MYB75-dependent manner under far-red light. Our findings suggest that JA promotion of anthocyanin accumulation under far-red light is dependent on phyA signaling pathway, consisting of phyA, COP1, and MYB75.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture and School of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture and School of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
authors.forename: Kun-Peng
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Li
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475001, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China. Electronic address: hqyang@sjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hong-Quan
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000494:pharmacology; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003624:Darkness; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D017343:Genes, Plant; D008027:Light; D009154:Mutation; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000073718:Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins; D055519:Photoreceptors, Plant / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051942:Phytochrome A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000872:Anthocyanins; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D054883:Oxylipins; D000073718:Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins; D055519:Photoreceptors, Plant; D051942:Phytochrome A; D014157:Transcription Factors; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; C502612:AT1G56650 protein, Arabidopsis; C000612141:REG3A protein, human; C011006:jasmonic acid; C072239:methyl jasmonate; C471983:AT2G32950 protein, Arabidopsis
keywords: Anthocyanin; COP1; Far-red light; Jasmonic acid; MYB75; Phytochrome A