title: Hormonal regulation of gummosis and composition of gums from bulbs of hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis).
abstract: Hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis) bulbs infected by Fusarium oxysporum showed the symptoms of gummosis. The purpose of this study was to clarify the hormonal regulation of gummosis and composition of gums from hyacinth bulbs. The application of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), an ethylene-releasing compound, at 2% (w/w, in lanolin) induced gummosis in hyacinth bulbs. Methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) at 1.5% (w/w, in lanolin) induced gummosis as well. Simultaneous application of JA-Me and ethephon further enhanced gummosis. Molecular mass distribution of hyacinth gums analyzed by gel permeation chromatography indicated that the gums were mainly homogenous polysaccharides with an average molecular weight of ca. 30kDa. Analysis of the sugar composition of the gums after hydrolysis revealed that the majority were arabinose (ca. 35%) and galactose (ca. 40%) together with small amounts of fucose, rhamnose and uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively), suggesting that the gums are pectic arabinogalactans. These results indicate that jasmonates (JAs) interact with ethylene to stimulate sugar metabolism, producing pectic arabinogalactans, and vice versa, leading to gummosis. These findings, together with those from our previous studies in tulips (Tulipa gesneriana) and grape hyacinth (Muscari armeniacum), revealed that sugar metabolism and hormonal regulation relating to gummosis are different among species of bulbous plants.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan. Electronic address: miyamoto@las.osakafu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kotake
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna Jarecka
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Boncela
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland.
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saniewski
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ueda
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000494:pharmacology; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D031423:Hyacinthus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000494:pharmacology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053149:Plant Gums / Q000737:chemistry*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D012015:Reference Standards
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D002241:Carbohydrates; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D054883:Oxylipins; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D053149:Plant Gums; C072239:methyl jasmonate; C005073:ethephon
keywords: Ethylene; Gummosis; Hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis); Methyl jasmonate; Sugar composition