title: Social environmental risk factors for transition to psychosis in an Ultra-High Risk population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite social environmental factors such as deprivation, urbanicity, migration and adversity being established risk factors for psychotic disorders, there is a paucity of knowledge on the influence of social environmental risk factors in the UHR population. Firstly, we aimed to investigate the association between social deprivation and risk of transition and secondly, we aimed to investigate the association between migration status and the risk of transition.
  
  
  METHODS
  UHR individuals at the Personal Assessment and Crisis Evaluation (PACE) service in Melbourne were included. Social deprivation as assessed according to postal code area of residence was obtained from census data and Cox regression analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 219 UHR individuals were included and over the median follow-up time of 4.8years, 32 individuals (14.6%) were known to have transitioned to a psychotic disorder. 8.8% of UHR individuals were first generation migrants and 41.9% were second generation migrants. The level of social deprivation was not associated with the risk of transition (p=0.83). Similarly, first or second generation migrants did not have an increased risk of transition to psychosis (p=0.84).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite being established risk factors for psychotic disorders, social deprivation and migrant status have not been found to increase the risk of transition in a UHR population.
authors.affiliation: Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, 35 Poplar rd, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Warwick, UK. Electronic address: briannoelodonoghue@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: O'Donoghue
authors.affiliation: Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, 35 Poplar rd, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Barnaby
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, 35 Poplar rd, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Hok Pan
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Yuen
authors.affiliation: University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
authors.forename: Abbie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.affiliation: Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Ashleigh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, 35 Poplar rd, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McGorry
authors.affiliation: Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, 35 Poplar rd, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Alison R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Yung
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D062706:Prodromal Symptoms; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D012931:Social Environment; D012934:Social Isolation / Q000523:psychology; D014171:Transients and Migrants / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Migrants; Psychosis; Social deprivation; Ultra-High Risk for psychosis