title: Evaluation of blood and bone marrow in selected canine vector-borne diseases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bone marrow (BM) is a major hematopoietic organ that can harbour a variety of vector-borne pathogens; however, knowledge of BM pathological changes in dogs infected with vector-borne pathogens is limited. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the pathological changes in canine BM associated with natural infections by four vector-borne pathogens, as well as to determine the relationships between such changes and abnormalities of the peripheral blood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cytological disorders and pathological changes of the BM of 83 dogs naturally-infected with one or more of four vector-borne pathogens (i.e., Anaplasma platys, Leishmania infantum, Babesia vogeli and Hepatozoon canis) were evaluated and compared with the corresponding hematological findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dysgranulopoiesis and dysmegakaryocytopoiesis were the most frequently observed BM abnormalities in infected dogs. Erythroid suppression, and lymphocytic, monocytic and macrophage hyperplasia were also observed. Interestingly, associations between suppression and hyperplasia of specific cell lines in the marrow and corresponding changes in numbers of circulating peripheral blood cells were not observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infections with one or more of the vector-borne pathogens examined in this study should be considered as differential diagnoses for secondary dysmyelopoiesis.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy. asdetommasi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anna S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: De Tommasi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy. domenico.otranto@uniba.it.
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Otranto
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio d'Analisi Veterinarie "San Marco", Padova, Italy. tf@sanmarcovet.it.
authors.forename: Tommaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furlanello
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio d'Analisi Veterinarie "San Marco", Padova, Italy. silvia.tasca@sanmarcovet.it.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tasca
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. cc779@cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cantacessi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA. ed_breitschwerdt@ncsu.edu.
authors.forename: Edward B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Breitschwerdt
authors.affiliation: Bayer Animal Health GmbH, Leverkusen, Germany. dorothee.stanneck@bayer.com.
authors.forename: Dorothee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stanneck
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy. filipe.vet@globo.com.|Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalãhes Research Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. filipe.vet@globo.com.
authors.forename: Filipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dantas-Torres
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel. baneth@agri.huji.ac.il.
authors.forename: Gad
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baneth
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Laboratory of Parasitology, Legnaro, Italy. gcapelli@izsvenezie.it.
authors.forename: Gioia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Capelli
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy. donato.decaprariis@uniba.it.
authors.forename: Donato
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Caprariis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D004199:Disease Vectors; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D010273:Parasitic Diseases, Animal / Q000473:pathology*