title: A nuclear factor kappa B-derived inhibitor tripeptide inhibits UVB-induced photoaging process.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on the skin induces photoaging which is characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation, generation of coarse wrinkles, worse of laxity and roughness. Upon UV irradiation, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is activated which plays a key role in signaling pathway leading to inflammation cascade and this activation stimulates expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1alpha (IL-1α) and a stress response gene cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). In addition, activation of NF-κB up-regulates the expression of matrix metalloprotease-1 (MMP-1) and consequently collagen in dermis is degraded.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, the effects of a NF-κB-derived inhibitor tripeptide on the UVB-induced photoaging and inflammation were investigated in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  A NF-κB-derived inhibitor tripeptide (NF-κB-DVH) was synthesized based on the sequence of dimerization region of the subunit p65 of NF-κB. Its inhibitory activity was confirmed using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and in situ proximate ligation assay. The effects of anti-photoaging and anti-inflammation were analyzed by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunoblotting and immunochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NF-κB-DVH significantly decreased UV-induced expression of TNF-α, IL-1α, MMP-1 and COX-2 while increased production of type I procollagen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results showed NF-κB-DVH had strong anti-inflammatory activity probably by inhibiting NF-κB activation pathway and suggested to be used as a novel agent for anti-photoaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, 3-26, Pil-dong, Chung-gu, Seoul, 100-715, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jee Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, 1Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min Seo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, 1, Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Woo-Kwang
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, 3-26, Pil-dong, Chung-gu, Seoul, 100-715, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Kwon
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, 1, Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byung-Chul
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, 1Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jang Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, 3-26, Pil-dong, Chung-gu, Seoul, 100-715, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: dgucsp@dongguk.edu.
authors.forename: Chang Seo
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008812:Mice, Hairless; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; C507081:Mmp13 protein, mouse; C522360:MMP1 protein, human; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1
keywords: Anti-inflammation; NF-κB inhibitor tripeptide; Photoaging; UV