title: Cortisol and pain-related behavior in disbudded goat kids with and without cornual nerve block.
abstract: Plasma cortisol and behavior were measured in disbudded goat kids with and without the use of cornual nerve block. A total of 45 kids were used in 5 experimental groups (n=9, males and females). Group LidoD was infiltrated with 1 mL of 2% lidocaine locally at the cornual branches of lacrimal and infratrochlear nerves, 15 min before thermal disbudding. Group Lido was similarly infiltrated and was not disbudded. In group Sim, the disbudding procedure was simulated. A control group (CD) was disbudded without lidocaine infiltration, and group SD was infiltrated with saline before disbudding. The cornual nerve block did not prevent the short-term increase in cortisol levels during and after disbudding. LidoD, CD and SD groups showed higher cortisol concentrations than Lido and Sim (p<0.05) during the first 20 min after the procedure. Frequency of vocalizations during the procedure was significantly different between groups and was higher in SD (29.6 ± 3.1; mean±SE) and CD (28.4 ± 3.1) than in Sim (16.6 ± 3.1; p<0.05). Infiltrating lidocaine did not decrease this response to disbudding (21.1 ± 3.1; p>0.05). Struggles tended to be higher in SD (16.5 ± 2.5), CD (17.8 ± 2.5) and LidoD (15.6 ± 2.5) than Sim (10.6 ± 2.5; p=0.1). The total behavioral response was different between groups (CD, 59.6 ± 6.8; LidoD, 52 ± 6.8; SD, 62.6 ± 6.8; Sim, 36.8 ± 6.8; p=0.05), and disbudded animals showed the strongest reactions (disbudded, 58.1 ± 3.9 vs non-disbudded, 36.8 ± 6.8; p=0.01). It was concluded that cornual nerve block (lacrimal and infratrochlear) using 2% lidocaine did not prevent pain during thermal disbudding of goat kids.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000 SN, Colonia UNAM CU, Delegación Coyoacán, 04510 México D.F., Mexico. Electronic address: alorenzo@unam.mx.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000 SN, Colonia UNAM CU, Delegación Coyoacán, 04510 México D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: De Luna
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000 SN, Colonia UNAM CU, Delegación Coyoacán, 04510 México D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gamboa
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000 SN, Colonia UNAM CU, Delegación Coyoacán, 04510 México D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000 SN, Colonia UNAM CU, Delegación Coyoacán, 04510 México D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000 SN, Colonia UNAM CU, Delegación Coyoacán, 04510 México D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Terrazas
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000 SN, Colonia UNAM CU, Delegación Coyoacán, 04510 México D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000 SN, Colonia UNAM CU, Delegación Coyoacán, 04510 México D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Galindo
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats / Q000502:physiology*; D006733:Horns / Q000601:surgery*; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013623:Tail; D014741:Video Recording; D014828:Vocalization, Animal / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: Behavioral response; Disbudding; Goat kid; Local anesthesia; Pain; Plasma cortisol; Welfare