title: Focal cortical dysplasia alters electrophysiological cortical hubs in the resting-state.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that epilepsy patients with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) have different electrophysiological functional cortical hubs from those of healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Resting-state functional networks in the theta, alpha, beta and gamma frequency bands were evaluated in 35 epilepsy patients with histopathologically verified FCD as a single pathology and in 46 age-matched healthy controls. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we investigated the network differences between the two groups by comparing the nodal efficiency (Enodal) and betweenness centrality (BC) values at the source level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The FCD patients had significant Enodal increases in the functional cortical hubs in the left anterior, middle, and posterior cortices and the medial orbital superior frontal cortex in the beta band. The left posterior cingulate cortex showed significant BC increases in the theta, alpha, and beta bands. There was a negative correlation between Enodal and age at seizure onset.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cortical dysplasia alters whole brain functional cortical hubs compared to healthy controls. The age at seizure onset was negatively correlated with Enodal in the beta band in FCD patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study for the first time investigated the functional cortical hubs and their alteration in the resting-state functional network in epilepsy patients with FCD using noninvasive MEG signals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Woorim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: chungc@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Chun Kee
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015225:Magnetoencephalography; D008297:Male; D054220:Malformations of Cortical Development / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cortical hubs; Epilepsy; Focal cortical dysplasia; MEG; Resting-state