title: Rationale for combined blockade of PD-1 and CTLA-4 in advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer—review of current data.
abstract: Targeted immunotherapy promoting anti-tumor T-cell activity has shown improved survival and durable objective responses in advanced melanoma patients. Data is mounting that concurrent use of ipilimumab and nivolumab has a more pronounced effect than either as monotherapy. Although no completed clinical trials exist for their use in head and neck cancer, preclinical data suggests these therapies would be beneficial in head and neck malignancies as well. Their role in head and neck cancer management is an ongoing research effort.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, 1520 San Pablo St, Suite 4600, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Electronic address: mark.swanson@med.usc.edu.
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, 1520 San Pablo St, Suite 4600, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Electronic address: sinha@med.usc.edu.
authors.forename: Uttam K
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Sinha
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D000074324:Ipilimumab; D000077594:Nivolumab; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology; D019139:Tumor Escape
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D000074324:Ipilimumab; C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; D000077594:Nivolumab
keywords: CTLA-4; Head and neck cancer; Immunotherapy; Ipilimumab; Nivolumab; PD-1