title: Invasive diagnostic strategies in immunosuppressed patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.
abstract: Immunosuppression predisposes the host to development of pulmonary infections, which can lead to respiratory failure and the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). There are multiple mechanisms by which a host can be immunosuppressed and each is associated with specific infectious pathogens. Early invasive diagnostic modalities such as fiber-optic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage, transbronchial biopsy, and open lung biopsy are complementary to serologic and noninvasive studies and assist in rapidly establishing an accurate diagnosis, which allows initiation of appropriate therapy and may improve outcomes with relative safety.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, 2401 South 31st street, Temple, TX 76508, USA.
authors.forename: Juan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, 2401 South 31st street, Temple, TX 76508, USA.
authors.forename: Shekhar A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ghamande
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, 2401 South 31st street, Temple, TX 76508, USA.
authors.forename: John K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Midturi
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, 2401 South 31st street, Temple, TX 76508, USA. Electronic address: aarroliga@sw.org.
authors.forename: Alejandro C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Arroliga
mesh_terms: D001980:Bronchi / Q000473:pathology; D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*
keywords: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; Fiber-optic bronchoscopy; Hematopoietic stem cell transplant; Human immunodeficiency virus; Immunocompromised; Open lung biopsy; Organ transplant; Pulmonary infection