title: Protection efficacy of gloves against components of the solvent in a sprayed isocyanate coating utilizing a reciprocating permeation panel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determine protection effectiveness of 5-mil natural rubber latex (0.13-mm), 5-mil nitrile rubber (0.13-mm), and 13-mil butyl rubber (0.33-mm) glove materials against solvents present in a commonly used automotive clear coat formulation using a novel permeation panel. The latex and nitrile gloves were the type commonly used by local autobody spray painters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Glove materials were tested by spraying an automotive clear coat onto an automated reciprocating permeation panel (permeation panel II). Temperature, relative humidity, and spray conditions were controlled to optimize clear coat loading homogeneity as evaluated by gravimetric analysis. Solvent permeation was measured using charcoal cloth analyzed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 1501 method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Natural rubber latex allowed 3-5 times the permeation of solvents relative to nitrile rubber for all 10 solvents evaluated: ethyl benzene, 2-heptanone, 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, n-butyl acetate, methyl isobutyl ketone, petroleum distillates, and toluene. There is a distinct behavior in solvent permeation before and after the coating dry time. Solvent permeation increased steadily before coating dry time and remained fairly constant after coating dry time. Butyl was not permeated by any of the solvents under the conditions tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Commonly used 5-mil thick (0.13-mm) latex and nitrile gloves were ineffective barriers to solvents found in a commonly used clear coat formulation. Conversely, 13-mil (0.33-mm) butyl gloves were found to be protective against all solvents in the clear coat formulation.
authors.affiliation: 1.Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357234, Seattle, WA 98195-7234, USA dceballos@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Diana M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ceballos
authors.affiliation: 2.Safety and Health Assessment and Research for Prevention (SHARP) Program, Washington State Department of Labor and Industries, PO Box 44330, Olympia, WA 98504-4330, USA.
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reeb-Whitaker
authors.affiliation: 1.Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357234, Seattle, WA 98195-7234, USA.
authors.forename: Miyoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasakura
authors.affiliation: 1.Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357234, Seattle, WA 98195-7234, USA.
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dills
authors.affiliation: 1.Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357234, Seattle, WA 98195-7234, USA.
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Yost
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000032:analysis*; D001336:Automobiles; D020724:Elastomers; D017575:Gloves, Protective / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D017953:Isocyanates / Q000032:analysis*; D007659:Ketones; D007840:Latex; D066192:Manufacturing Industry; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D009570:Nitriles; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010150:Paint; D010539:Permeability; D012997:Solvents / Q000032:analysis*; D014050:Toluene; D014992:Xylenes
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D020724:Elastomers; D017953:Isocyanates; D007659:Ketones; D007840:Latex; D009570:Nitriles; D012997:Solvents; D014992:Xylenes; D014050:Toluene; C017098:butyl rubber
keywords: automotive clear coats; butyl rubber; gloves; natural rubber latex; nitrile rubber; permeation; personal protective equipment; solvent