title: Metabolite profiling elucidates communalities and differences in the polyphenol biosynthetic pathways of red and white Muscat genotypes.
abstract: The chemical composition of grape berries is varietal dependent and influenced by the environment and viticulture practices. In Muscat grapes, phenolic compounds play a significant role in the organoleptic property of the wine. In the present study, we investigated the chemical diversity of berries in a Muscat collection. Metabolite profiling was performed on 18 Moscato bianco clones and 43 different red and white grape varieties of Muscat using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) coupled with SNP genotyping. Principle component analysis and hierarchical clustering showed a separation of the genotypes into six main groups, three red and three white. Anthocyanins mainly explained the variance between the different groups. Additionally, within the white varieties mainly flavonols and flavanols contributed to the chemical diversity identified. A genotype-specific rootstock effect was identified when separately analyzing the skin of the clones, and it was attributed mainly to resveratrol, quercetin 3-O-galactoside, citrate and malate. The metabolite profile of the varieties investigated reveals the chemical diversity existing among different groups of Muscat genotypes. The distribution pattern of metabolites among the groups dictates the abundance of precursors and intermediate metabolite classes, which contribute to the organoleptic properties of Muscat berries.
authors.affiliation: The Albert Katz International School, Beer-Sheva, Israel; The French Associates Institute for Biotechnology and Agriculture of Dryland, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Israel.
authors.forename: Asfaw
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Degu
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Genomics Research Centre, Via S. Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d' Arda, PC, Italy.
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morcia
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Genomics Research Centre, Via S. Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d' Arda, PC, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tumino
authors.affiliation: The Albert Katz International School, Beer-Sheva, Israel; The French Associates Institute for Biotechnology and Agriculture of Dryland, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Israel.
authors.forename: Uri
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hochberg
authors.affiliation: The Albert Katz International School, Beer-Sheva, Israel; The French Associates Institute for Biotechnology and Agriculture of Dryland, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Israel.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Toubiana
authors.affiliation: IASMA Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele a/Adige, I-38010, Italy.
authors.forename: Fulvio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mattivi
authors.affiliation: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Virologia Vegetale, Sezione Grugliasco, Torino 10095, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: BOSCA S.p.A, Canelli, AT 14053, Italy.
authors.forename: Polina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bosca
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Genomics Research Centre, Via S. Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d' Arda, PC, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cattivelli
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Genomics Research Centre, Via S. Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d' Arda, PC, Italy.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Terzi
authors.affiliation: The French Associates Institute for Biotechnology and Agriculture of Dryland, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Israel. Electronic address: fait@bgu.ac.il.
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fait
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000378:metabolism; D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D044948:Flavonols / Q000378:metabolism; D005838:Genotype; D008293:Malates / Q000378:metabolism; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D055442:Metabolome; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000145:classification / Q000379:methods; D010802:Phylogeny; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000378:metabolism*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013045:Species Specificity; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000378:metabolism; D027843:Vitis / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D044948:Flavonols; D008293:Malates; D059808:Polyphenols; D013267:Stilbenes; D019343:Citric Acid; C030298:malic acid; C021304:hyperoside; D011794:Quercetin; D000077185:Resveratrol
keywords: Flavonoids; Grapevine; Metabolite-profiling; Muscat