title: Immunoglobulin genes in Andalusia (Spain). Genetic diversity in the Mediterranean space.
abstract: Andalusia is the most densely populated region of Spain since ancient times, and has a rich history of contacts across the Mediterranean. Earlier studies have underlined the relatively high frequency of the Sub-Saharan GM 1,17 5* haplotype in western Andalusia (Huelva province, n=252) and neighbouring Atlantic regions. Here, we provide novel data on GM/KM markers in eastern Andalusians (n=195) from Granada province, where African GM*1,17 5* frequency is relatively high (0.044). The most frequent GM haplotypes in Andalusia parallel the most common in Europe. Altogether, these data allow us to gain insight into the genetic diversity of southern Iberia. Additionally, we assess population structure by comparing our Iberian samples with 41 Mediterranean populations. GM haplotype variation across the Mediterranean reflects intense and complex interactions between North Africans and South Europeans along human history, highlighting that African influence over the Iberian Peninsula does not follow an isotropic pattern.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire D'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, UMR 5288, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse-3-Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: César
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fortes-Lima
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire D'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, UMR 5288, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse-3-Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France. Electronic address: jean-michel.dugoujon@univ-tlse3.fr.
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dugoujon
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Candela L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reales
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: rcalfer@bio.ucm.es.
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Calderón
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa; D005060:Europe; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005803:Genes, Immunoglobulin / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000235:genetics; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics; D019083:Mediterranean Region; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains
keywords: Allotypes GM/KM; Andalousie orientale et occidentale; Eastern and Western Andalusia; Flux génique; GM/KM allotypes; Gene flow; Iberian Peninsula; Population structure; Péninsule Ibérique; Structure des populations