title: Cardiovascular events in ankylosing spondylitis: an updated meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. In the guidelines, ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is considered to have an equally high cardiovascular risk. The literature findings remain controversial. This study aims to assess the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in AS patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  An updated meta-analysis with a new systematic literature review using PubMed was conducted up to January 2014. Incidence of MI or stroke was calculated by metaproportion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In addition to the 11 previously included studies, six new studies assessed the occurrence of MI or stroke in AS patients. (1) MI. A total of 2131 MI were reported in AS patients (n = 27,532) over a mean follow-up of 15 years: incidence 5.3% (1.6%-11.0%), i.e., 0.36/100 pyrs. Seven studies revealed 17,410 MI [2.5% (95% CI: 1.8%-3.4%)] in the control group (n = 1,349,964). Meta-analysis of the seven longitudinal studies showed a significant increase in MI [OR = 1.60 (95% CI: 1.32-1.93)] in AS patients. (2) Stroke. In 11 longitudinal studies (n = 51,990), 1807 strokes were reported in AS patients over 17.6 years of follow-up: incidence 3.6% (1.5%-6.5%), i.e., 0.24/100 pyrs. Three studies reported 22,899 strokes in controls (n = 1,239,041), giving an incidence of 1.78% (1.75%-1.80%). A significant increase in stroke [OR = 1.50 (95% CI: 1.39-1.62)] in AS patients was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AS patients appear to have a higher risk of MI and stroke. Management of cardiovascular risk factors and control of systemic inflammation should be taken into account in AS to decrease this high cardiovascular risk.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Gabriel Montpied Teaching Hospital, 58 Rue Montalembert, Clermont-Ferrand 63003, France; GenHotel-Auvergne, EA4679, Faculty of Medicine, Clermont 1 University, Clermont-Ferrand, France. Electronic address: smathieu@chu-clermontferrand.fr.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mathieu
authors.affiliation: DRCI, Gabriel Montpied Teaching Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Gabriel Montpied Teaching Hospital, 58 Rue Montalembert, Clermont-Ferrand 63003, France.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soubrier
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013167:Spondylitis, Ankylosing / Q000150:complications*
keywords: Ankylosing spondylitis; Myocardial infarction; Stroke