title: A novel approach for the generation of Salmonella Gallinarum ghosts and evaluation of their vaccine potential using a prime-booster immunization strategy.
abstract: A novel, regulatory E-lysis cassette was used in this study to avoid the untimely expression of lysis gene E and to achieve stable and improved production of Salmonella Gallinarum (SG) ghosts. A prime-booster immunization strategy using these ghosts was subsequently utilized with the aim of inducing a robust immune response for the prevention of acute fowl typhoid infection. In the first animal experiment, a total of 54 chickens were equally divided into three groups (n=18): group A (non-immunized control), group B (prime-boost immunized), and group C (singly immunized). Chickens from both immunized groups demonstrated significant increases in plasma IgG, intestinal secretory IgA, and antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferative responses. After virulent SG challenge, group B chickens immunized with the prime-boost regimen showed optimized protection. In the second animal experiment, total 20 chickens were equally divided into two groups (n=10): group A (non-immunized control), group B (prime-boost immunized) and the immunogenicity of the ghosts was further evaluated after a booster dose of the immunization. In the second animal experiment, the population of CD3+CD4+ positive T cells in the immunized chickens was significantly higher after booster immunization. In addition, increased gene expression levels of Th1 cytokines, IFN-γ, and IL-2 were observed in SG-specific antigen stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells of prime-boost immunized chickens compared to non-immunized chickens. In summary, the current study describes a novel approach for stable production of a safety-enhanced SG ghost preparation, and demonstrates that utilization of a prime-boost immunization strategy has an advantage over single immunization because it induces a robust immune response for optimum protection against fowl typhoid.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Veterinary Public Health, 664-14 Duckjin-dong, Jeonju, 561-756, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chetan V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Jawale
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Veterinary Public Health, 664-14 Duckjin-dong, Jeonju, 561-756, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: johnhlee@jbnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: John Hwa
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002645:Chickens; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000032:analysis; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022562:Salmonella Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000276:immunology*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods*; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D016207:Cytokines; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D022562:Salmonella Vaccines; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated
keywords: Fowl typhoid; Protection; Regulatory E-lysis cassette; Salmonella Gallinarum ghost; Th1 cytokines