title: Comparison of topical versus intravenous tranexamic acid in primary total knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled and prospective cohort trials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There has been much debate and controversy about the optimal regimen of tranexamic acid in primary total knee arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to undertake a meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of topical and intravenous regimen of tranexamic acid in primary total knee arthroplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of the electronic databases PubMed, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Embase was undertaken. All randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies evaluating the effectiveness of topical and intravenous tranexamic acid during primary total knee arthroplasty were included. The focus of the analysis was on the outcomes of blood loss, transfusion rate, and thromboembolic complications. Subgroup analysis was performed when possible.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 328 papers identified, six trials were eligible for data extraction and meta-analysis comprising 679 patients (739 knees). We found no statistically significant difference between topical and intravenous administration of tranexamic acid in terms of blood loss, transfusion requirements and thromboembolic complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical tranexamic acid has a similar efficacy to intravenous tranexamic acid in reducing both blood loss and transfusion rate without sacrificing safety in primary total knee arthroplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  II.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, China. Electronic address: wanghao1080@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, China. Electronic address: shenbin71@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, China. Electronic address: zengyigd@126.com.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zeng
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D006801:Humans; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014148:Tranexamic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents; D014148:Tranexamic Acid
keywords: Intravenous; Meta-analysis; Topical; Total knee arthroplasty; Tranexamic acid