title: Management of pseudophakic cystoid macular edema.
abstract: Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) is a common complication following cataract surgery. Acute PCME may resolve spontaneously, but some patients will develop chronic macular edema that affects vision and is difficult to treat. This disease was described more than 50 years ago, and there are multiple options for clinical management. We discuss mechanisms, clinical efficacy, and adverse effects of these treatment modalities. Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and corticosteroids are widely used and, when combined, may have a synergistic effect. Intravitreal corticosteroids and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents have shown promise when topical medications either fail or have had limited effects. Randomized clinical studies evaluating anti-VEGF agents are needed to fully evaluate benefits and risks. When PCME is either refractory to medical therapy or is associated with significant vitreous involvement, pars plana vitrectomy has been shown to improve outcomes, though it is associated with additional risks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA. Electronic address: guos1@njms.rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Suqin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Shriji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baumrind
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Keegan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levinsohn
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marcus
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Brad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tannen
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Neelakshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bhagat
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zarbin
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002387:Cataract Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D019591:Pseudophakia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014821:Vitrectomy / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
keywords: anti-vascular endothelial growth factor; corticosteroids; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents; pars plana vitrectomy; pseudophakic cystoid macular edema