title: The effect of intermittent dosing of Nicotiana glauca on teratogenesis in goats.
abstract: Sustained inhibition of fetal movement in livestock species, induced by several poisonous plants, can result in numerous skeletal-contracture malformations. Lupines are responsible for a condition in cattle referred to as "crooked calf syndrome" that occurs when pregnant cattle graze teratogenic lupines. Similar malformations are also seen in animals poisoned by Conium maculatum (coniine) and Nicotiana glauca (anabasine). A proposed management strategy to limit these types of birth defects includes utilizing an intermittent grazing schedule to allow short durations of grazing lupine-infested areas interrupted by movement to a lupine-free pasture. The objective of this study was to use a goat model to determine if an intermittent schedule of five continuous days on treatment followed by two days off treatment would be sufficient to decrease, or prevent, the incidence of anabasine-induced malformations. The data from this study suggest that, for N. glauca in goats, the intermittent grazing program of five days exposure with two days of non-exposure is insufficient to prevent significant skeletal malformations from occurring. However, this study did demonstrate an inverse relationship between the amount of serum anabasine in the dam and the extent of fetal movement.
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA.
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Welch
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA. Electronic address: Kip.Panter@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Panter
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA.
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Gardner
mesh_terms: D000691:Anabasine / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005324:Fetal Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D006041:Goats; D060434:Herbivory / Q000502:physiology*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011247:Pregnancy; D064793:Teratogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000691:Anabasine
keywords: Anabasine; Goats; Intermittent treatment; Nicotiana glauca; Teratogen