title: Tic-related obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): phenomenology and treatment outcome in the Pediatric OCD Treatment Study II.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prior research has shown that youth with co-occurring tic disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may differ from those with non-tic-related OCD in terms of clinical characteristics and treatment responsiveness. A broad definition of "tic-related" was used to examine whether children with tics in the Pediatric OCD Treatment Study II differed from those without tics in terms of demographic and phenomenological characteristics and acute treatment outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 124 youth aged 7 to 17 years, inclusive, with a primary diagnosis of OCD who were partial responders to an adequate serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) trial. Participants were randomized to medication management, medication management plus instructions in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), or medication management plus full CBT. Tic status was based on the presence of motor and/or vocal tics on the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tics were identified in 53% of the sample. Those with tic-related OCD did not differ from those with non-tic-related OCD in terms of age, family history of tics, OCD severity, OCD-related impairment, or comorbidity. Those with tics responded equally in all treatment conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tic-related OCD was very prevalent using a broad definition of tic status. Results suggest that youth with this broad definition of tic-related OCD do not have increased OCD severity or inference, higher comorbidity rates or severity, or worsened functioning, and support the use of CBT in this population. This highlights the importance of not making broad assumptions about OCD symptoms most likely to occur in an individual with comorbid tics. Clinical trial registration information-Treatment of Pediatric OCD for SRI Partial Responders; http://clinicaltrials.gov; NCT00074815.
authors.affiliation: Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI. Electronic address: christine_conelea@brown.edu.
authors.forename: Christine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Conelea
authors.affiliation: Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Walther
authors.affiliation: Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.
authors.forename: Jennifer B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.affiliation: Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.
authors.forename: Abbe M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sapyta
authors.affiliation: Children and Adult's Center for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Anxiety, Plymouth Meeting, PA.
authors.forename: Muniya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Franklin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013981:Tic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
keywords: obsessive-compulsive disorder; tic; tic-related OCD; treatment