title: Clinical and prognostic implications of plasma NGAL and NT-proBNP in adult patients with congenital heart disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prognostic value of NT-proBNP is well established in patients with congenital heart disease. Growing evidence suggests that plasma NGAL is elevated in heart failure but data is limited in congenital heart disease. This study investigates the combined prognostic value of plasma NGAL with plasma NT-proBNP in adult patients with congenital heart disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma levels of NT-proBNP and NGAL were measured in 76 consecutive adult patients (33 men, mean age 31.7 ± 14 yrs) with congenital heart disease and normal values of serum creatinine. Patients were divided in three groups: A: simple cardiac lesions, B: complex cardiac lesions and C: cyanotic lesions. Patients were also monitored for long-term major cardiovascular events: death, hospitalization, NYHA class worsening, new onset of arrhythmias, surgical or percutaneous intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NGAL value was significantly different between groups: In group A median NGAL value was 64.5 ± 36.7 ng/ml, in group B median NGAL value was 88.77 ± 36.17 ng/ml and in group C median NGAL value was 121 ± 40 ng/ml (group A vs. group B: p = 0.048, group B vs. group C: p = 0.037, group A vs. group C: p = 0.003). Plasma NT-proBNP predicted all events (HR = 1.001, CI = 1.001-1.002, p = 0.0006) as well as cardiovascular death alone (HR = 1.001, CI = 1.001-1.002, p = 0.0004); plasma NGAL was the only predictor of cardiovascular death (HR = 1.017, CI = 1.001-1.033, p = 0.037).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma NGAL levels were lower in patients with simple congenital disease compared to patients with complex congenital heart disease and cyanotic congenital heart disease. Plasma NGAL levels correlated with NT-proBNP and could predict cardiovascular death in this small cohort of patients.
authors.affiliation: Second Cardiology Department, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece. Electronic address: afrogou@otenet.gr.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frogoudaki
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Constantinos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andreou
authors.affiliation: Second Cardiology Department, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parissis
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maniotis
authors.affiliation: Second Cardiology Department, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nikolaou
authors.affiliation: Second Cardiology Department, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rizos
authors.affiliation: Second Cardiology Department, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Gerasimos
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Filippatos
authors.affiliation: Second Cardiology Department, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lekakis
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood*; D011379:Prognosis; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; C489506:LCN2 protein, human; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain
keywords: Biomarkers; Congenital heart disease; NGAL; Prognosis