title: Renal artery stenosis.
abstract: Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (RAS) is the single largest cause of secondary hypertension; it is associated with progressive renal insufficiency and causes cardiovascular complications such as refractory heart failure and flash pulmonary edema. Medical therapy, including risk factor modification, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system antagonists, lipid-lowering agents, and antiplatelet therapy, is advised in all patients. Patients with uncontrolled renovascular hypertension despite optimal medical therapy, ischemic nephropathy, and cardiac destabilization syndromes who have severe RAS are likely to benefit from renal artery revascularization. Screening for RAS can be done with Doppler ultrasonography, CT angiography, and magnetic resonance angiography.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, 1514 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA. Electronic address: jtafursoto@ochsner.org.
authors.forename: Jose David
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Tafur-Soto
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, 1514 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006978:Hypertension, Renovascular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008403:Mass Screening; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D012078:Renal Artery Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015607:Stents; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents
keywords: Chronic kidney disease; Flash pulmonary edema; Ischemic nephropathy; Renal artery stenting; Renal atherosclerosis; Renal fractional flow reserve; Renovascular hypertension