title: Improving umbilical cord blood processing to increase total nucleated cell count yield and reduce cord input wastage by managing the consequences of input variation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  With the rising use of umbilical cord blood (UCB) as an alternative source of hematopoietic stem cells, storage inventories of UCB have grown, giving rise to genetically diverse inventories globally. In the absence of reliable markers such as CD34 or counts of colony-forming units, total nucleated cell (TNC) counts are often used as an indicator of potency, and transplant centers worldwide often select units with the largest counts of TNC. As a result, cord blood banks are driven to increase the quality of stored inventories by increasing the TNC count of products stored. However, these banks face challenges in recovering consistent levels of TNC with the use of the standard protocols of automated umbilical cord processing systems, particularly in the presence of input variation both of cord blood volume and TNC count, in which it is currently not possible to process larger but useable UCB units with consequent losses in TNC.
  
  
  METHODS
  This report addresses the challenge of recovering consistently high TNC yields in volume reduction by proposing and validating an alternative protocol capable of processing a larger range of units more reliably.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This work demonstrates improvements in plastic ware and tubing sets and in the recovery process protocol with consequent productivity gains in TNC yield and a reduction in standard deviation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work could pave the way for cord blood banks to improve UCB processing and increase efficiency through higher yields and lower costs.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biological Engineering, Healthcare Engineering Research Group, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: May Win
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Naing
authors.affiliation: Anthony Nolan Cell Therapy Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biological Engineering, Healthcare Engineering Research Group, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hourd
authors.affiliation: Anthony Nolan Cell Therapy Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Susana G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.affiliation: Anthony Nolan Cell Therapy Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Roger B V
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Horton
authors.affiliation: Manufacturing Research Division, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Segal
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biological Engineering, Healthcare Engineering Research Group, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom. Electronic address: D.J.Williams2@lboro.ac.uk.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000094902:Blood Banking / Q000379:methods; D002452:Cell Count; D036101:Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology*; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000166:cytology*
keywords: Sepax; separation; umbilical cord blood processing; volume reduction