title: Application of ethylene diurea (EDU) in assessing the response of a tropical soybean cultivar to ambient O₃: nitrogen metabolism, antioxidants, reproductive development and yield.
abstract: The present study deals with assessment of response of a tropical soybean cultivar to O3 in relation to photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics, antioxidative capacity, N assimilation enzymes, metabolites, growth and yield using ethylene diurea (EDU) given as a soil drench (400) ppm at an interval of 10 days after germination up to maturity. Mean O3 concentration was 42 ppb and accumulated threshold above 40 ppb (AOT 40) was 9.07 ppm h. Lipid peroxidation and total phenolics reduced, while increases in activities of antioxidative and nitrogen assimilation enzymes, ascorbic acid, protein, photosynthetic pigments, Fv/Fm ratio, number of leaves, flowers, pods, branches and yield attributes were found in EDU treated plants. EDU alleviated the negative effects of O3 by enhancing the first line of defense against ROS and protecting N assimilation enzymes at flowering and maintaining adequate supply of photosynthates to developing pods during pod filling stage. EDU provided maximum protection between flowering to pod filling stage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
authors.forename: Richa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rai
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. Electronic address: madhoo.agrawal@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Madhoolika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
authors.forename: Krishna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kumar Choudhary
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.affiliation: Stockholm Environment Institute, University of York, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Emberson
authors.affiliation: Stockholm Environment Institute, University of York, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Büker
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010126:Ozone / Q000633:toxicity*; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000235:genetics; D013025:Glycine max / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000975:Antioxidants; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; C032766:ethylene diurea; D010126:Ozone; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: EDU; Growth; Nitrogen assimilation; O(3); Soybean; Yield