title: Evaluation of circulating ADH and MIC-1 as diagnostic markers in Egyptian patients with pancreatic cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the incidence rate of pancreatic cancer (PC) is uncommon in developing countries, it is considered as one of the most lethal disease. Improving patients' survival requires diagnosis of the disease at early stage. Therefore, it is imperative to identify more specific and sensitive marker(s) to be used for early detection of PC.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our aim is to evaluate the potential role of circulating ADH and MIC-1 to be used as diagnostic markers in Egyptian patients and assess their value either alone or combined with CA19-9 in early detection of PC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), macrophage inhibitory cytokine (MIC-1) and CA19-9 were measured by ELISA in serum procured from PC patients (n = 50) versus normal subjects (n = 20).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results demonstrate that the circulating levels of ADH, MIC-1 and CA19-9 in blood of PC were significantly higher than in healthy controls (HCs) (p < 0.001). The highest marker sensitivity observed at early stage was MIC-1 (90%) and specificity was ADH (83%). The level of all three markers was elevated significantly in early stage of PC in comparison to HCs. The addition of ADH and MIC-1 to CA19-9 significantly improved the efficacy of diagnosis (p = 0.023).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data demonstrate that not only the combination of ADH and MIC-1 to CA19-9 can be used in early detection of PC but also can improve the overall quality of diagnosis of this lethal disease.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Biochemistry, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Egypt.
authors.forename: Amal A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hanan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soliman
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgery, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.affiliation: Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Dina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ziada
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdel Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Taher M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Farid
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Modern Science and Arts University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Aref
authors.affiliation: Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Moustfa E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Al Daly
authors.affiliation: Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA. Electronic address: zabdelma@tulane.edu.
authors.forename: Zakaria Y
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Abd Elmageed
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004534:Egypt; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D055436:Growth Differentiation Factor 15 / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen; C526140:GDF15 protein, human; D055436:Growth Differentiation Factor 15; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase
keywords: ADH; CA19-9; Diagnostic markers; MIC-1; Pancreatic cancer; Specificity and sensitivity