title: An empirical evaluation of three vibrational spectroscopic methods for detection of aflatoxins in maize.
abstract: Three commercially available vibrational spectroscopic techniques, including Raman, Fourier transform near infrared reflectance (FT-NIR), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) were evaluated to help users determine the spectroscopic method best suitable for aflatoxin analysis in maize (Zea mays L.) grain based on their relative efficiency and predictive ability. Spectral differences of Raman and FTIR spectra were more marked and pronounced among aflatoxin contamination groups than those of FT-NIR spectra. From the observations and findings in our current and previous studies, Raman and FTIR spectroscopic methods are superior to FT-NIR method in terms of predictive power and model performance for aflatoxin analysis and they are equally effective and accurate in predicting aflatoxin concentration in maize. The present study is considered as the first attempt to assess how spectroscopic techniques with different physical processes can influence and improve accuracy and reliability for rapid screening of aflatoxin contaminated maize samples.
authors.affiliation: Office of the Texas State Chemist, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX 77841, United States. Electronic address: kml@otsc.tamu.edu.
authors.forename: Kyung-Min
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Office of the Texas State Chemist, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX 77841, United States; Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States.
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Herrman
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States.
authors.forename: Seth C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States.
authors.forename: Youjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods; D014732:Vibration; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins
keywords: Aflatoxin; Chemometrics; Food safety; Fourier transform infrared (FTIR); Fourier transform near infrared reflectance (FT-NIR); Raman