title: Predictors of ICU patients' pain management satisfaction: A descriptive cross-sectional survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (1) To assess Jordanian ICU patients' pain characteristics (intensity and interference) and levels of pain management satisfaction; and (2) to determine potential predictors of pain management satisfaction among ICU patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive cross-sectional design was utilised using the American Pain Society-Patient Outcome Questionnaire to survey 139 Jordanian ICU patients from different health care sectors in Jordan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High levels of pain and pain interferences were reported by participants, which were higher than those reported by previous studies in other countries. However, participants were relatively satisfied with pain management approaches. Also, the results showed a predictive model of three potential predictors, which accounted for 36% of the variance in participants' satisfaction with pain management (adjusted R(2)=0.36, F=12.14, df=7129, p<0.005). The strongest predictor to participants' satisfaction with pain management was time needed to get analgesia (beta=-0.480, p<0.001), followed by average pain interference (beta=0.218, p=0.02), and being told about importance of reporting pain (beta=0.198, p=0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Jordanian ICU patients reported high pain levels, which supports the need for applying a caring attitude in managing patients' pain reports. Also, such a study is among the first pain management studies in Jordan aiming at setting the stage for future research studies. Finally, results can be included in planning pain management strategies and protocols within hospitals.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan. Electronic address: m.darawad@ju.edu.jo.
authors.forename: Muhammad W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Darawad
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan. Electronic address: m.alhussami@ju.edu.jo.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Hussami
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan. Electronic address: a_saleh@ju.edu.jo.
authors.forename: Ali M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Saleh
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan. Electronic address: manal.sutari@ju.edu.jo.
authors.forename: Manal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Sutari
authors.affiliation: Nursing Department, Al Farabi College, PO Box 54239, Riyadh 11514, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: waddahdemeh@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Waddah Mohammad
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Mustafa
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007597:Jordan; D008297:Male; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D061665:Time-to-Treatment
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics
keywords: Beliefs; ICU; Jordan; Pain management; Satisfaction