title: Detection and phenotyping of circulating tumor cells in high-risk localized prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study, we aimed to determine the feasibility of identifying CTCs in patients with HRLPC, using a modified isolation procedure using the CellSearch (Veridex) platform, and to assess the expression of stem cell and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers on the CTCs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five patients with HRLPC who had chosen prostatectomy for definitive management were prospectively identified. After obtaining consent, four 30-mL blood draws were performed, 2 before surgery and 2 after surgery. The CTC-containing fraction was Ficoll-purified and transferred to a CellSave (Veridex) tube containing dilution buffer before standard enumeration using the CellSearch system. Loss of E-cadherin expression, a marker of EMT, and CD133, a putative prostate cancer stem cell marker, were characterized using the open channel of the CellSearch platform. CTC fragments were also enumerated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using the modified methodology, CTCs were detectable in 49% of patients before surgery. Although no correlation between CTC count and biochemical recurrence (BR) was observed, the percentages of CD133 and E-cadherin-positive CTC fragments were associated with BR at 1 year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that further research into the development of CTCs as prognostic biomarkers in HRLPC is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA.
authors.forename: Sumanta K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA.
authors.forename: Miaoling
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA.
authors.forename: Xueli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA.
authors.forename: Keqiang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA.
authors.forename: Courtney
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carmichael
authors.affiliation: Clinical Trials Office, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA.
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Clinical Trials Office, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA.
authors.forename: Sonya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA.
authors.forename: Clayton
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.
authors.forename: Neeraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawachi
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA. Electronic address: jjones@coh.org.
authors.forename: Jeremy O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002452:Cell Count; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D015703:Antigens, CD; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015820:Cadherins; D006023:Glycoproteins; C000606023:PROM1 protein, human; D010455:Peptides
keywords: CD133; CellSearch; EMT; Fragment; Stem cell