title: Surgical techniques of gastrocnemius lengthening.
abstract: This article summarizes the various alternatives for direct gastrocnemius lengthening and elucidates the relative strengths and tradeoffs of each as a means of providing balanced perspective in selecting the appropriate procedure for any given patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
authors.forename: Raymond Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Electronic address: s.vanvalkenburg22@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: VanValkenburg
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cankaya Hospital, Bulten Street 44, Kavaklıdere, Ankara 06700, Turkey.
authors.forename: Altug
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanriover
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: DiGiovanni
mesh_terms: D003286:Contracture / Q000601:surgery*; D004863:Equinus Deformity / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Baker; Baumann; Gastrocnemius contracture; Silfverskiold; Strayer; Vulpius