title: Effects of diets supplemented with sunflower or flax seeds on quality and fatty acid profile of hamburgers made with perirenal or subcutaneous fat.
abstract: Steers were fed grass hay or red clover silage based diets containing flaxseed or sunflower seed as sources of 18:3n-3 and 18:2n-6 respectively. Hamburgers were made from triceps brachii and perirenal or subcutaneous fat. Perirenal-hamburgers contained more polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), several PUFA biohydrogenation intermediates (BHI), and 18:0 (P<0.05). Oxidative stability was similar across hamburgers (P>0.05). Sensory differences were found due to hamburger fat source, but were < one panel unit. Within perirenal-hamburgers, feeding flaxseed increased 18:3n-3 and its BHI (P<0.05), and feeding sunflower seed increased 18:2n-6 and its BHI (P<0.05). Feeding flaxseed increased off-flavour intensity and oxidation in perirenal-hamburgers (P<0.05). Feeding oilseeds in forage based diets while using perirenal fat to make hamburgers provides opportunities to increase PUFA and BHI with potential to impact human health, but control measures need to be explored to limit oxidation and off-flavours when feeding flaxseed.
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta T4L 1W1, Canada.
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta T4L 1W1, Canada.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Aalhus
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta T4L 1W1, Canada.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mapiye
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta T4L 1W1, Canada.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Rolland
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta T4L 1W1, Canada.
authors.forename: I L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.affiliation: Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta T4L 1W1, Canada.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Basarab
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta T4L 1W1, Canada.
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Baron
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, 1st Avenue South 5403, PO Box 3000, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: McAllister
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta T4L 1W1, Canada.
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Block
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta T4L 1W1, Canada.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Uttaro
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta T4L 1W1, Canada. Electronic address: duganm@agr.gc.ca.
authors.forename: M E R
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Dugan
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000378:metabolism*; D019597:Flax; D006368:Helianthus; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010938:Plant Oils; D012639:Seeds; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat; D013649:Taste
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D010938:Plant Oils
keywords: Biohydrogenation; Flaxseed; Hamburger; Rumenic; Sunflower; Vaccenic