title: Lateral ankle and hindfoot instability: a new clinical based classification.
abstract: Ankle sprains are one of the most common soft tissue injuries accounting for nearly 40% of sports injuries. There are large number of procedures for its treatment reported in the literature with largely good results. The ankle forms a functional unit with the subtalar joint. We present a new classification for peritalar lateral instability. There are two intents of this classification. Firstly, the classification demonstrates an assessment and treatment guideline for the many causes of peritalar lateral instability. The second use of the classification is for research purposes so that cohorts of patients can be accurately described and the efficacy of different operations in different groups can be properly assessed.
authors.affiliation: CTS Piede e Caviglia, IRCCS Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi, 4, 20161 Milano, Italy. Electronic address: fusuelli@gmail.com.
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Usuelli
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool L9 7AL, United Kingdom. Electronic address: masonlw@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.affiliation: CTS Piede e Caviglia, IRCCS Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi, 4, 20161 Milano, Italy. Electronic address: ctspiede@gmail.com.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grassi
authors.affiliation: Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono, 9, 20161 Milano, Italy. Electronic address: camillamaccario@gmail.com.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maccario
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool L9 7AL, United Kingdom. Electronic address: dr_moez@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ballal
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool L9 7AL, United Kingdom; Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TQ, United Kingdom. Electronic address: andymolloy3@gmail.com.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Molloy
mesh_terms: D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000145:classification* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011859:Radiography; D013380:Subtalar Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Ankle instability; Ankle osteoarthritis; Cavovarus foot; Coxa pedis; Peritalar instability; Subtalar instability; Varus ankle