title: First report of severe parainfluenza virus 4B and rhinovirus C coinfection in a liver transplant recipient treated with immunoglobulin.
abstract: We describe the first reported case of severe pneumonia due to coinfection by parainfluenza virus type 4B and rhinovirus C in a liver transplant recipient. The patient responded promptly to intravenous immunoglobulin and timely infection control measures prevented spreading of the infections. This report highlights respiratory viral coinfections as a possible cause of severe morbidity in transplant recipients and the importance of efficient molecular diagnostic technologies with major impact on clinical practice in a transplant center. It also describes a potential therapeutic strategy for such patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, University Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
authors.forename: Siddharth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sridhar
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, University Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
authors.forename: Hayes K H
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Luk
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, University Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, University Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, University Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
authors.forename: Susanna K P
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, University Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, University Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, University Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Electronic address: pcywoo@hku.hk.
authors.forename: Patrick C Y
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Woo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D060085:Coinfection / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D029482:Parainfluenza Virus 4, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D011024:Pneumonia, Viral / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D019351:Rubulavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D066027:Transplant Recipients; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous
keywords: Coinfection; Immunoglobulin; Parainfluenza; Rhinovirus; Transplantation