title: Barrier methods for human immunodeficiency virus prevention.
abstract: Condoms remain the most effective barrier against the sexual transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Male condoms have proven to be 80% to 90% effective, and female condoms have similar results. Poor adherence and improper use limit their effectiveness. In addition to condoms, microbicides are a promising barrier against HIV transmission. More than 50 candidate topical microbicide compounds have undergone preclinical or clinical testing in the last 10 years, but there are currently no US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved compounds. Rectal microbicides are also being developed, as anal receptive sex is an effective mode of HIV transmission.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Disease, University of Alabama, Birmingham, 229 Tinsley Harrison Tower, 1720 Second Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. Electronic address: eeaton@uab.edu.
authors.forename: Ellen F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Eaton
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Disease, University of Alabama, Birmingham, 229 Tinsley Harrison Tower, 1720 Second Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
authors.forename: Craig J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hoesley
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology; D017280:Condoms; D019111:Single-Use Internal Condom; D042121:Contraception, Barrier / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local
keywords: Female condoms; Human immunodeficiency virus prevention; Male condoms; Microbicides