title: Identification of differentially expressed microRNAs in Culex pipiens and their potential roles in pyrethroid resistance.
abstract: Pyrethroids are the major class of insecticides used for mosquito control. Excessive and improper use of insecticides, however, has resulted in pyrethroid resistance, which has become a major obstacle for mosquito control. The development of pyrethroid resistance is a complex process involving many genes, and information on post-transcription regulation of pyrethroid resistance is lacking. In this study, we extracted RNA from mosquitoes in various life stages (fourth-instar larvae, pupae, male and female adult mosquitoes) from deltamethrin-sensitive (DS) and resistant (DR) strains. Using illumina sequencing, we obtained 13760296 and 12355472 reads for DS-strains and DR-strains, respectively. We identified 100 conserved miRNAs and 42 novel miRNAs derived from 21 miRNA precursors in Culex pipiens. After normalization, we identified 28 differentially expressed miRNAs between the two strains. Additionally, we found that cpp-miR-71 was significant down regulated in female adults from the DR-strain. Based on microinjection and CDC Bottle Bioassay data, we found that cpp-miR-71 may play a contributing role in deltamethrin resistance. The present study provides the firstly large-scale characterization of miRNAs in Cu. pipiens and provides evidence of post-transcription regulation. The differentially expressed miRNAs between the two strains are expected to contribute to the development of pyrethroid resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China.
authors.forename: Shanchao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China.
authors.forename: Weijie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China.
authors.forename: Shengli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China.
authors.forename: Fujin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China.
authors.forename: Feifei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhentao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China.
authors.forename: Donghui
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China. Electronic address: clzhu@njmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Changliang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D003465:Culex / Q000378:metabolism*; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011722:Pyrethrins
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D035683:MicroRNAs; D011722:Pyrethrins; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
keywords: American CDC Bottle Bioassay; Culex pipiens; Differentially expressed microRNA; Expression profile; Microinjection; Pyrethroid resistance