title: Oral and oropharyngeal cancer.
abstract: Oral and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is a complex and often relentless malignancy prone to local invasion and dissemination. Despite advances in understanding of the disease and improved therapeutic interventions, it continues to be diagnosed at an advanced stage and the survival rate remains poor. The financial cost of treating OPC may be the highest of all cancers in the United States and survivors often experience major detriments to quality of life. Major risk factors for OPC are tobacco, alcohol, areca nut, and human papillomavirus infection. This article updates medical practitioners on the causes, presentation, diagnosis, and management of OPC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Dentistry, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail Code 7919, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA. Electronic address: huberm@uthscsa.edu.
authors.forename: Michaell A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail Code 7800, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail Code 7800, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
authors.forename: Bundhit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tantiwongkosi
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D001114:Areca; D015415:Biomarkers; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines
keywords: Alcohol; Areca nut; Biopsy; HPV; Oral cavity; Oropharynx; Squamous cell carcinoma; Tobacco