title: Secondary hypertension, issues in diagnosis and treatment.
abstract: Secondary hypertension (SH) often implies a correctable form of nonessential hypertension. Often certain clinical clues prompt a more extensive evaluation of the causes of the hypertension. Renovascular disease, intrinsic renal disease, primary hyperaldosteronism, and obstructive sleep apnea represent the most common causes of SH. This article defines the disorder and details its epidemiology, prevalence, pathophysiology, physical findings, and treatment strategies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Lankenau Medical Center, 100 E Lancaster Ave, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA.
authors.forename: Raghavesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pullalarevu
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Lankenau Medical Center, 100 E Lancaster Ave, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA.
authors.forename: Ghulam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Akbar
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Lankenau Institute of Medical Research, Lankenau Medical Center, 100 E Lancaster Ave, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA. Electronic address: gteehan@comcast.net.
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Teehan
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D006929:Hyperaldosteronism / Q000150:complications; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008019:Life Style; D015995:Prevalence; D012078:Renal Artery Obstruction / Q000150:complications; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents
keywords: Essential; Hyperaldosteronism; Intrinsic kidney disease; Renovascular disease; Secondary; Sleep apnea