title: Untangling taxonomic confusion and diversification patterns of the Streak-breasted Scimitar Babblers (Timaliidae: Pomatorhinus ruficollis complex) in southern Asia.
abstract: Biodiversity patterns in Asia are poorly understood due to inferences drawn from incorrect taxonomy and limited survey effort. The Streak-breasted Scimitar Babblers (Pomatorhinus ruficollis complex) have a wide distribution across southern Asia and exhibit a high degree of plumage variability within and among populations. Continued use of traditional subspecies designations over revised species-limits based on plumage and DNA sequence data furthers confusion in this group and obscures complex biogeographic patterns. In this study, we combined previously published DNA sequences with newly sampled populations to produce a comprehensive dataset for the ruficollis complex. Phylogenetic analysis of these data confirms that traditional subspecies based on plumage alone are paraphyletic and therefore not good descriptors of evolutionary history. With increased sampling, our study supported previous delimitations of phylogenetic species as distinct units, refined the range limits of two taxa - P. reconditus (throughout central China) and P. nigrostellatus (Hainan, Guangxi, N Vietnam), showed two additional clades that may be distinct species, and uncovered a 'suture' zone where populations of multiple species occur in the same localities. Diversification within the ruficollis complex indicates a clade of Sino-Himalayan and SE Asian species sister to a clade distributed in central and southern China species. The 'suture' zone where different ruficollis species are in contact coincides with the meeting of these four major geographic areas in a highly geomorphologically complex region.
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, Loyola University Chicago, 1050 W Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660, USA. Electronic address: sreddy6@luc.edu.
authors.forename: Sushma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, Loyola University Chicago, 1050 W Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660, USA. Electronic address: ssharief@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharief
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, Loyola University Chicago, 1050 W Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. Electronic address: laurel.yohe@stonybrook.edu.
authors.forename: Laurel R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Yohe
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, Loyola University Chicago, 1050 W Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660, USA. Electronic address: jwitkowski21@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Witkowski
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7561, USA. Electronic address: hosner@ku.edu.
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Hosner
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, Loyola University Chicago, 1050 W Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660, USA; Department of Zoology, Oklahoma State University, 501 Life Sciences West, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA. Electronic address: arpinyari@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Árpád S
authors.initials: ÁS
authors.lastname: Nyári
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7561, USA. Electronic address: moyle@ku.edu.
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Moyle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001208:Asia; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D044822:Biodiversity; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002681:China; D005828:Genetics, Population; D006239:Haplotypes; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008957:Models, Genetic; D046109:Passeriformes / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
keywords: Asia; Biogeography; Birds; Phylogenetics; Species-limits; Taxonomy