title: Grape seed extract has superior beneficial effects than vitamin E on oxidative stress and apoptosis in the hippocampus of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.
abstract: We aimed to investigate the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) and vitamin E (Vit E) on oxidative stress and apoptosis in the hippocampus of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In Control, Diabetic, and Diabetic treated with GSE (Diabetic+GSE) and vitamin E (Diabetic+Vit E) groups, oxidative stress index (OSI), TUNEL staining and Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bax, caspase-3, -9, and -8, Cyt-c, TNF-α, and NF-κB gene expressions were evaluated. OSI was significantly increased in the plasma and hippocampus of the Diabetic compared to Control group and decreased in Diabetic+GSE and Diabetic+Vit E groups compared to Diabetic. TUNEL positive neurons significantly increased in the hippocampus of the Diabetic group compared to Control and decreased in Diabetic+GSE (more prominently) and Diabetic+Vit E groups compared to Diabetic. In the hippocampus of the Diabetic group, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL gene expressions were significantly decreased; Bax, caspase-3, -9, and -8, Cyt-c, TNF-α, and NF-κB gene expressions were significantly increased compared to Control. In Diabetic+GSE and Diabetic+Vit E groups, Bcl-2 gene expressions were significantly increased; Bcl-XL gene expressions did not differ compared to the Diabetic group. The expression of Bax, caspase-3, -9, and -8, Cyt-c, TNF-α, and NF-κB genes in the Diabetic+GSE group and the expression of caspase-3 and -9, TNF-α, and NF-κB genes in the Diabetic+Vit E group were significantly decreased compared to Diabetic. In conclusion, GSE (more prominently) and vitamin E decreased oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis occurring in the hippocampus of diabetic rats.
authors.affiliation: Izmir University School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Goksin Nilufer
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Yonguc
authors.affiliation: Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Denizli, Turkey. Electronic address: yavuzdodurga@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yavuz
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dodurga
authors.affiliation: Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Denizli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Esat
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Adiguzel
authors.affiliation: Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Denizli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gulsah
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gundogdu
authors.affiliation: Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Denizli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Vural
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kucukatay
authors.affiliation: Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Seda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozbal
authors.affiliation: Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ulker
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Cankurt
authors.affiliation: Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Food Engineering, Burdur, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Denizli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ilgaz
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Akdogan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D002392:Catechin / Q000494:pharmacology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D056604:Grape Seed Extract / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013311:Streptozocin; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001786:Blood Glucose; D056604:Grape Seed Extract; D014810:Vitamin E; D013311:Streptozocin; D005707:Gallic Acid; D002392:Catechin
keywords: Apoptosis; Diabetes; Grape seed extract; Hippocampus; Oxidative stress; Vitamin E