title: Management of congenital tracheal anomalies and laryngotracheoesophageal clefts.
abstract: Congenital obstructions and anomalies of the pediatric airway are rare problems that may be associated with mild symptoms or critical stenoses that may be life threatening in the first few days of life. This review provides an overview of the embryologic development of the airway, different congenital anomalies associated with airway development, and surgical correction that may be associated with good long-term outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, Massachusetts 02114. Electronic address: dryan@partners.org.
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, Massachusetts 02114.
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Doody
mesh_terms: D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000196:embryology / Q000601:surgery; D004947:Esophagus / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000196:embryology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007830:Larynx / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000196:embryology / Q000601:surgery; D014132:Trachea / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000196:embryology / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Congenital airway obstruction; Congenital laryngeal anomalies; Congenital tracheal stenosis; Laryngotracheoesophageal cleft; Surgery; Tracheal rings; Tracheomalacia