title: Plasma membrane mechanisms in a preclinical rat model of chronic pain.
abstract: We have recently shown that the prolongation of prostaglandin E2 hyperalgesia in a preclinical model of chronic pain-hyperalgesic priming-is mediated by release of cyclic adenosine monophosphate from isolectin B4-positive nociceptors and its metabolism by ectonucleotidases to produce adenosine. The adenosine, in turn, acts in an autocrine mechanism at an A1 adenosine receptor whose downstream signaling mechanisms in the nociceptor are altered to produce nociceptor sensitization. We previously showed that antisense against an extracellular matrix molecule, versican, which defines the population of nociceptors involved in hyperalgesic priming, eliminated the prolongation of prostaglandin E2 hyperalgesia. To further evaluate the mechanisms at the interface between the extracellular matrix and the nociceptor's plasma membrane involved in hyperalgesia prolongation, we interrupted a plasma membrane molecule involved in versican signaling, integrin β1, with an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide. Integrin β1 antisense eliminated mechanical hyperalgesia induced by an adenosine A1 receptor agonist, cyclopentyladenosine, in the primed rat. We also disrupted a molecular complex of signaling molecules that contains integrin β1, lipid rafts, with methyl-β-cyclodextrin, which attenuated the prolongation without affecting the acute phase of prostaglandin E2 hyperalgesia, while having no effect on cyclopentyladenosine hyperalgesia. Our findings help to define the plasma membrane mechanisms involved in a preclinical model of chronic pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study contributes to a further understanding of mechanisms involved in the organization of messengers at the plasma membrane that participate in the transition from acute to chronic pain.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Oral Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Luiz F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Oral Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Electronic address: jon.levine@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Jon D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology*; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015232:Dinoprostone; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D039641:Integrin beta Chains / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D039641:Integrin beta Chains; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; C108732:methyl-beta-cyclodextrin; D015232:Dinoprostone
keywords: Extracellular matrix; hyperalgesia; hyperalgesic priming; integrin β1; nociceptor; rat; versican