title: A dubious success: the NGO campaign against GMOs.
abstract: Genetically engineered agricultural crops are widely grown for animal feed (yellow corn, soybean meal) and for industrial purposes (such as cotton for fabric, or yellow corn for ethanol), but almost nobody grows GMO food staple crops. The only GMO food staple crop planted anywhere is white maize, and only in one country--the Republic of South Africa. It has been two decades now since GMO crops were first planted commercially, yet it is still not legal anywhere to plant GMO wheat or GMO rice. When it comes to GMO food crops, anti-GMO campaigners have thus won a remarkable yet dubious victory. They have not prevented rich countries from using GMO animal feed or GMO cotton, yet farmers and consumers in poor countries need increased productivity for food crops, not animal feed or industrial crops. Today's de facto global ban on GMO food crops therefore looks suspiciously like an outcome designed by the rich and for the rich, with little regard for the interests of the poor.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Political Science; Wellesley College ; Wellesley , MA USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paarlberg
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D018556:Crops, Agricultural; D030841:Food, Genetically Modified; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D013019:South Africa
keywords: BSE, bovine spongiform encephalopathy; Cartagena Protocol; GMO; NGO; NGO, nongovernmental organizations; animal feed; food staple crops; industrial crops